585:
22:
164:, with Darwin as a secondary priority, and had to consider the fact that a large portion of Australia's military and naval forces were deployed overseas. Ward's theory was based on an incomplete understanding of this plan (which had been submitted to and rejected by Ward's own government, catered for the defence of strategic northern locations, including
196:
referred to it during a press conference in March 1943, during which he coined the term 'Brisbane Line'. Ward repeated his assertions over the following months, and when asked to provide proof, claimed that he had been informed of the removal of documents relating to the plan from the official files.
191:
meeting in
December 1942, Menzies, among others, expressed concern that a responsible minister was making claims that could only be disproved through the disclosure of secret defence plans. Curtin did little to quell Ward's attacks, and Ward continued to claim that Menzies and Fadden were responsible
213:
to determine if such documents had existed, and if the
Menzies administration had made such plans. The Commission reported in July 1943 that there was no evidence supporting an official plan to abandon most of Australia to invading forces, and that the files for the time in question were complete.
156:, had advocated that in the event of an invasion, the majority of available Australian forces be concentrated in the area between Brisbane and Melbourne, where most of the nation's industrial capability was located. Mackay had previously been instructed to prioritise the regions around
133:) had prepared plans to abandon the majority of the continent as soon as the Japanese invaded, and concentrate defensive efforts on the south-eastern region. Ward had apparently been leaked the information by a Major working in the Secretary for Defence Office.
1127:
92:
referred to it during a press conference in March 1943, where he also coined the term "Brisbane Line". Ward initially offered no evidence to support his claims, but later claimed that the relevant records had been removed from the official files. A
1589:
1261:
219:
1601:
1583:
1353:
962:
upon the loyalty to the
British Crown of German Nationals resident in Australia whose property is liable to a charge created by the Treaty of Peace Regulations made under the Treaty of Peace (Germany) Act 1919–1920
1248:
on alleged improper practices and improper refusal to co-operate with the
Victoria Police Force on the part of persons employed in the Postmaster-General's Department in Victoria in relation to illegal gambling
1067:
to inquire into allegations affecting members of the
Parliamentary Joint Committee of Public Accounts in connexion with claims made by broadcasting companies against the Commonwealth Government (1930)
1001:
to inquire into extracts from the reports in
Parliamentary Debates of speeches made by Mr. Scullin in the House of Representatives on 7 and 19 August 1924, in relation to land tax matters (1924–1925)
187:
Ward did not present any direct evidence of his claims at the time, and
Menzies, along with all the ministers that had served under him during the previous government, denied the allegation. At an
97:
concluded that no such documents had existed, and the government under
Menzies and Fadden had not approved plans of the type alleged by Ward. The controversy contributed to Labor's win in the
737:
British New Guinea—Royal
Commission of inquiry into the present conditions, including the method of government, of the Territory of Papua, and the best means of their improvement (1906–1907)
647:
1565:
1607:
1536:
1171:
to inquire into and report upon the contract or contracts with Abbco Bread Co. Pty. Limited for the supply of bread to the
Department of the Army, and other matters (1941)
1044:
1577:
258:
42:
1692:
25:
A map showing Australian defensive concentrations in 1942 from General MacArthur's official report. The 'Brisbane line' is shown as a short black line to the north of
640:
950:
1107:
to inquire into and report upon the circumstances associated with the retirement of Lieutenant-Commander Alan Dermot Casey from the Royal Australian Navy (1934)
1184:
to inquire into and report upon certain transactions of the Sydney Land Sales Control Office, and the Canberra Land Sales Control Office of the Treasury (1947)
692:
to inquire into and report upon the arrangements made for the transport of troops returning from service in South Africa in the S.S. "Drayton Grange" (1902)
633:
858:
on the war—Australian Imperial Force. Report as to number of members fit for active service and number of reinforcements and enlistments required (1918)
1595:
1466:
1647:
1571:
1404:
88:
Ward continued to promote the idea during late 1942 and early 1943, and the idea that it was an actual defence strategy gained support after General
329:
835:
to inquire into and report upon certain charges against the Administrator and other officers of the Northern Territory Administration (1916)
453:
832:
on the charges made by D. L. Gilchrist concerning the construction of the western section of the Kalgoorlie to Port Augusta Railway (1916)
1174:
to inquire into circumstances under which certain public monies were used and to whom, and for what purposes such moneys were paid (1941)
1653:
1702:
118:
989:
1697:
502:
412:
223:
656:
980:
in connection with sugar purchases by the Commonwealth through Mr. W. E. Davies in September and October, 1920 (1923–1924)
1712:
1530:
529:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945: Series 4 – Civil. Vol. II. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. pp. 711–17.
399:
180:
to slow invaders until other forces could be deployed), along with public knowledge of evacuation plans for regions of
1707:
1288:
608:
558:
235:
1324:
to inquire into and report upon certain incidents in which Aborigines were involved in the Laverton area (1975–1976)
215:
98:
893:
to inquire into complaints by the munition worker passengers to Australia by the transport "Bahia Castillo" (1919)
1252:
404:
1411:
1208:
1187:
to inquire into certain transactions in relation to timber rights in the Territory of Papua-New Guinea (1949)
214:
The royal commission and the Brisbane Line controversy contributed to Curtin and the Labor Party winning the
864:
upon the public expenditure of the Commonwealth of Australia with a view to effecting economies (1918–1921)
239:
1177:
an inquiry into a statement that there was a document missing from the official files in relation to "The
65:. An incomplete understanding of this proposal and other planned responses to invasion led Labor minister
1457:
1436:
192:
for the "defeatist" and "treacherous" plan. Public awareness of the alleged plan was raised when General
145:
74:
1267:
into exploratory and production drilling for petroleum in the area of the Great Barrier Reef (1970–1975)
1673:
165:
161:
149:
253:, MacArthur claims that the Australian military had proposed designating a line roughly following the
625:
983:
in connection with joinery supplied to the War Service Homes Commissioner in March, 1920 (1923–1924)
234:
Proponents of the existence of the Brisbane Line proposal often refer to the existence of concrete
1110:
to inquire into the monetary and banking systems at present in operation in Australia (1935–1937)
450:
321:
521:
261:. MacArthur credits himself with the plan's dismissal in favour of offensive operations to stop
184:(which, instead of a total evacuation south, was to clear potential battle sites of civilians).
169:
141:
137:
110:
70:
62:
54:
995:
on the method for determining the unimproved value of land held under Crown leases (1924–1925)
218:
by a significant margin, but Ward was effectively demoted by being assigned the portfolios of
1433:
of Inquiry into compensation arising from social security conspiracy prosecutions (1984–1986)
210:
188:
1490:
of Inquiry into the leasing by the Commonwealth of accommodation in Centenary House (1994)
1124:
on doctors' remuneration for national insurance service and other contract practice (1938)
8:
977:
on the circumstances attending the supposed loss at sea of the steamship "Sumatra" (1923)
262:
1427:
on the use and effects of chemical agents on Australian personnel in Vietnam (1983–1985)
172:, and instead of simply abandoning the rest of the country to the Japanese, advocated a
1344:
of Inquiry into matters in relation to electoral redistribution Queensland, 1977 (1978)
1128:
regarding the contract for the erection of additions to the General Post Office, Sydney
1546:
Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-For-Food Programme
601:
The Brisbane Line Controversy: Political Opportunism Versus National Security, 1942–45
394:
614:
604:
564:
554:
530:
508:
498:
426:
418:
408:
193:
177:
89:
1350:
of Inquiry into the viability of the Christmas Island phosphate industry (1979–1980)
826:
on mail services and trade development between Australia and the New Hebrides (1915)
708:
590:
206:
94:
1421:
457:
53:
in the event of invasion had been proposed in February 1942, it was rejected by
45:. Although a plan to prioritise defence in the vital industrial regions between
173:
126:
78:
41:
to concede the northern portion of the Australian continent in the event of an
1590:
into misconduct in the banking, superannuation and financial services industry
1262:
on the statement of Lieutenant Commander Cabban and matters incidental thereto
852:
on Java and the East Indies, Singapore and the Straits Settlements (1917–1918)
1686:
568:
512:
422:
254:
130:
82:
1024:
on certain matters in connexion with the British Phosphate Commission (1926)
618:
534:
430:
1545:
1410:
into the activities of the Australian Building Construction Employees' and
1004:
on the finances of Western Australia, as affected by Federation (1924–1925)
520:
Hasluck, Paul (1970). "The "Brisbane Line" – A Study in Wartime Politics".
490:
488:
38:
1347:
of Inquiry into the efficiency and administration of hospitals (1979–1981)
1493:
of Inquiry into the relations between the CAA and Seaview Air (1994–1996)
1101:
on mineral oils and petrol and other products of mineral oils (1933–1935)
153:
122:
58:
1602:
into violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation of people with disability
1584:
into the protection and detention of children in the Northern Territory
861:
on Public Service administration, Commonwealth of Australia (1918–1920)
181:
114:
66:
1487:
of Inquiry into the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (1994–1995)
1306:
Independent Inquiry into Frequency Modulation Broadcasting (1973–1974)
655:
85:) had planned to abandon most of northern Australia to the Japanese.
50:
46:
26:
1354:
on the activities of the Federated Ship Painters and Dockers Union
806:
upon the Commonwealth electoral law and administration (1914–1915)
21:
497:(2nd ed.). South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press.
246:
157:
797:
to inquire into certain charges against Mr. Henry Chinn (1913)
695:
on sites for the seat of government of the Commonwealth (1903)
1430:
on Australia's security and intelligence agencies (1983–1985)
812:
on food supplies and trade and industry during the war (1914)
125:, alleged that the preceding government under Prime Minister
101:, although Ward was assigned to minor portfolios afterward.
1442:
of inquiry into alleged telephone interceptions (1985–1986)
867:
on taxation of leasehold estates in Crown lands (1918–1919)
1309:
of Inquiry into transport to and from Tasmania (1974–1976)
998:
on the assessment of war service disabilities (1924–1925)
242:, which were constructed in the late 1930s, as evidence.
222:(the assets of which were under direct Army control) and
1294:
Australian Post Office Commission of inquiry (1973–1974)
1201:
on the Port Augusta to Alice Springs Railway (1951–1952)
1463:
into grain storage, handling and transport (1986–1988)
887:
on industrial troubles on Melbourne wharfs (1919–1920)
711:, British New Guinea, on the 6th of March, 1904 (1904)
551:
Reminiscences of General of the Army Douglas MacArthur
1321:
into alleged payments to maritime unions (1974–1976)
1104:
on the wheat, flour and bread industries (1934–1936)
800:
on Northern Territory railways and ports (1913–1914)
580:
37:
was a defence proposal supposedly formulated during
16:
Supposed Australian defence proposal in World War II
1312:
on Australian Government Administration (1974–1976)
902:
on the increase of the selling price of coal (1920)
495:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
298:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
226:(most of which had been captured by the Japanese).
69:to publicly allege that the previous government (a
1566:into institutional responses to child sexual abuse
829:on Liverpool Military Camp, New South Wales (1915)
657:Royal Commissions of the Commonwealth of Australia
1693:Military history of Australia during World War II
1303:of Inquiry into the maritime industry (1973–1976)
316:
314:
312:
310:
308:
306:
200:
152:-in-Chief of the Home Forces, Lieutenant-General
140:in February 1942 (after Menzies, Fadden, and the
1684:
1542:to Inquire into the Centenary House Lease (2004)
896:on Northern Territory Administration (1919–1920)
698:on the Bonuses for Manufactures Bill (1903–1904)
349:
347:
855:on Navy and Defence Administration (1917–1919)
303:
148:coalition had moved to Opposition), where the
838:on Federal Capital Administration (1916–1917)
749:on stripper harvesters and drills (1908–1909)
740:on secret drugs, cures, and foods (1906–1907)
641:
326:Australian War Memorial's Online Encyclopedia
1041:on the Edie Creek (New Guinea) leases (1927)
344:
257:as the focus of defence during the expected
1640:
1608:into National Natural Disaster Arrangements
1537:into the building and construction industry
1045:on the Moving Picture Industry in Australia
467:
465:
451:Tank Traps near Tenterfield, NSW during WW2
1578:into trade union governance and corruption
780:on the pearl-shelling industry (1912–1916)
648:
634:
403:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
292:
290:
288:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
1417:into Australian meat industry (1981–1982)
714:on customs and excise tariffs (1904–1907)
548:
360:
1318:on intelligence and security (1974–1977)
1297:of Inquiry into land tenures (1973–1976)
752:on Tasmanian customs leakage (1910–1911)
523:The Government and the People, 1942–1945
462:
392:
381:The Government and the People, 1942–1945
368:The Government and the People, 1942–1945
355:The Government and the People, 1942–1945
119:Minister for Labour and National Service
20:
1437:into British nuclear tests in Australia
519:
395:"Ward, Edward John (Eddie) (1899–1963)"
275:
136:A memorandum had been submitted to the
1685:
1420:of Inquiry into the activities of the
951:on the matter of uniform railway gauge
1629:
1512:
1379:
1230:
1153:
956:on pillaging of ships' cargoes (1921)
925:
890:on late German New Guinea (1919–1920)
667:
629:
603:. St Leonards, NSW: Allen and Unwin.
598:
493:; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin (2008).
104:
720:on the tobacco monopoly (1905–1906)
129:(and his successor, Prime Minister
13:
1315:on human relationships (1974–1978)
959:on Cockatoo Island Dockyard (1921)
704:on the Navigation Bill (1904–1906)
701:on the butter industry (1904–1905)
576:
400:Australian Dictionary of Biography
386:
332:from the original on 11 April 2013
263:Japanese advancement in New Guinea
229:
14:
1724:
1596:into aged care quality and safety
1467:into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody
1341:of Inquiry into drugs (1977–1980)
1289:Aboriginal Land Rights Commission
986:on the Navigation Act (1923–1925)
884:on the sugar industry (1919–1920)
783:on the fruit industry (1912–1914)
777:on the sugar industry (1911–1912)
1648:into Defence and Veteran Suicide
1630:
1572:into the Home Insulation Program
1405:of Inquiry into Drug Trafficking
1095:on performing rights (1932–1933)
1021:on Norfolk Island affairs (1926)
803:on powellised timber (1913–1914)
734:on ocean shipping service (1906)
583:
1703:World War II sites in Australia
1551:Equine Influenza Inquiry (2008)
1050:on the Constitution (Australia)
717:on old-age pensions (1905–1906)
553:. Annapolis: Bluejacket Books.
1412:Builders Labourers' Federation
743:on postal services (1908–1910)
444:
405:Australian National University
373:
259:Japanese invasion of Australia
201:Royal Commission and aftermath
1:
1513:
1380:
1327:on Norfolk Island (1975–1976)
1231:
1154:
926:
870:on the basic wage (1919–1920)
668:
482:
1698:World War II defensive lines
268:
7:
1064:on the coal industry (1929)
809:on meat export trade (1914)
549:MacArthur, Douglas (1964).
328:. Australian War Memorial.
10:
1729:
1713:Queensland in World War II
1674:Royal Commissions Act 1902
150:General Officer Commanding
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1708:Politics of World War II
1654:into the Robodebt Scheme
1300:on petroleum (1973–1976)
746:on insurance (1908–1910)
43:invasion by the Japanese
1458:Chamberlain convictions
1098:on taxation (1932–1934)
1092:on Jacob Johnson (1931)
899:on taxation (1920–1923)
393:McMullin, Ross (2002).
142:United Australia Party
138:Australian War Cabinet
71:United Australia Party
63:Australian War Cabinet
30:
1018:on health (1925–1926)
990:on national insurance
216:1943 federal election
121:under Prime Minister
99:1943 federal election
24:
599:Burns, Paul (1998).
238:near places such as
224:External Territories
189:Advisory War Council
205:Curtin appointed a
1531:into HIH Insurance
1038:on wireless (1927)
456:4 May 2006 at the
105:Ward's allegations
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707:on the affray at
504:978-0-19-551784-2
414:978-0-522-84459-7
194:Douglas MacArthur
178:guerrilla warfare
109:In October 1942,
90:Douglas MacArthur
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1456:of inquiry into
1422:Nugan Hand Group
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1253:on loss of HMAS
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174:scorched earth
127:Robert Menzies
106:
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79:Robert Menzies
15:
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1179:Brisbane Line
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610:1-86448-539-6
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560:1-55750-483-0
556:
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500:
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491:Grey, Jeffrey
487:
486:
474:
473:Reminiscences
468:
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459:
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432:
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255:Darling River
252:
251:Reminiscences
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146:Country Party
143:
139:
134:
132:
131:Arthur Fadden
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
102:
100:
96:
91:
86:
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83:Arthur Fadden
80:
76:
75:Country Party
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
28:
23:
19:
1641:2021–present
1631:2021–present
1254:
1178:
600:
550:
538:. Retrieved
522:
494:
472:
446:
434:. Retrieved
398:
388:
380:
375:
367:
362:
357:, pp. 712–13
354:
334:. Retrieved
325:
297:
250:
244:
233:
211:Charles Lowe
204:
186:
135:
108:
87:
39:World War II
34:
32:
18:
1656:(2022–2023)
1650:(2021–2024)
1598:(2018–2021)
1592:(2017–2019)
1586:(2016–2017)
1580:(2014–2015)
1574:(2013–2014)
1568:(2013–2017)
1548:(2005–2006)
1539:(2001–2003)
1533:(2001–2003)
1469:(1987–1991)
1460:(1986–1987)
1439:(1984–1985)
1424:(1983–1985)
1414:(1981–1982)
1407:(1981–1983)
1356:(1980–1984)
1291:(1973–1974)
1264:(1967–1968)
1249:(1962–1963)
1211:(1954–1955)
1047:(1927–1928)
992:(1923–1927)
475:, pp. 152–3
471:MacArthur,
240:Tenterfield
176:policy and
154:Iven Mackay
123:John Curtin
113:politician
59:John Curtin
1687:Categories
540:19 January
483:References
436:19 January
336:19 January
236:tank traps
182:Queensland
170:Townsville
115:Eddie Ward
67:Eddie Ward
1559:2011–2020
1524:2001–2010
1514:2001–2020
1481:1991–2000
1450:1986–1990
1398:1981–1985
1391:1981–1990
1381:1981–2000
1335:1975–1980
1282:1971–1975
1275:1971–1980
1242:1961–1970
1232:1961–1980
1209:espionage
1195:1951–1960
1165:1941–1950
1155:1941–1960
1118:1936–1940
1086:1931–1935
1079:1931–1940
1058:1929–1930
1032:1927–1928
1012:1925–1926
971:1923–1924
944:1921–1922
937:1921–1930
927:1921–1940
878:1919–1920
846:1917–1918
820:1915–1916
791:1913–1914
771:1911–1912
764:1911–1920
728:1906–1910
686:1901–1905
679:1901–1910
669:1901–1920
569:220661276
513:271822831
423:1833-7538
379:Hasluck,
366:Hasluck,
353:Hasluck,
269:Citations
220:Transport
162:Newcastle
51:Melbourne
1181:" (1943)
619:38816777
535:33346943
454:Archived
431:70677943
383:, p. 713
370:, p. 711
330:Archived
300:, p. 107
61:and the
47:Brisbane
27:Brisbane
1255:Voyager
245:In his
209:led by
1610:(2020)
1258:(1964)
1130:(1939)
963:(1921)
953:(1921)
617:
607:
567:
557:
533:
511:
501:
429:
421:
411:
247:memoir
166:Darwin
158:Sydney
117:, the
527:(PDF)
111:Labor
55:Labor
615:OCLC
605:ISBN
565:OCLC
555:ISBN
542:2011
531:OCLC
509:OCLC
499:ISBN
438:2011
427:OCLC
419:ISSN
409:ISBN
338:2011
168:and
160:and
81:and
49:and
33:The
1207:on
1689::
613:.
563:.
507:.
464:^
425:.
417:.
407:.
397:.
346:^
324:.
305:^
277:^
265:.
249:,
649:e
642:t
635:v
621:.
571:.
544:.
515:.
440:.
340:.
144:-
73:-
29:.
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