162:
361:
331:
3059:'s committee reported in 1968. He found that administrators were not professional enough, and in particular lacked management skills; that the position of technical and scientific experts needed to be rationalised and enhanced; and that the service was indeed too remote. His 158 recommendations included the introduction of a unified grading system for all categories of staff, a Civil Service College and a central policy planning unit. He also said that control of the service should be taken from the Treasury, and given to a new Department, and that the "fast stream" recruitment process for accessing the upper echelons should be made more flexible, to encourage candidates from less privileged backgrounds. The new Department was set up by Prime Minister Harold Wilson's Labour Government in 1968 and named the
2678:
235:
647:
260:
3063:, known as CSD. Wilson himself took on the role of Minister for the Civil Service (which has continued to be a portfolio of the Prime Minister), while the first Minister in Charge of the Civil Service Department was Cabinet Minister Lord Shackleton, also Leader of the House of Lords and Lord Privy Seal. The first Permanent Secretary was Sir William Armstrong, who moved over from his post as Permanent Secretary at the Treasury. After the 1970 General Election, new Conservative Prime Minister Ted Heath appointed Lord Jellicoe in Lord Shackleton's place.
519:
6894:
549:
6888:
2576:
487:
40:
2609:
2970:
2622:
2591:
3175:(Cmnd 8616)) as an umbrella for the efficiency scrutiny programme and with a wider focus on corporate planning, efficiency and objective-setting. Progress initially was sluggish, but in due course MINIS-style business planning became standard, and delegated budgets were introduced, so that individual managers were held much more accountable for meeting objectives, and for the first time for the resources they used to do so.
4654:. This is a full day usually attached to the Spring Bank Holiday, the last Monday in May, on either the Friday before the Bank Holiday or the Tuesday after (in order to create a four-day weekend), originally allocated in respect of the King's Official Birthday. In practice, the day the privilege day is taken is subject to local management policies; many staff prefer to take it at a date of their own discretion.
3041:
trained economists. The times were, moreover, ones of keen respect for technocracy, with the mass mobilisation of war having worked effectively, and the French
National Plan apparently delivering economic success. And there was also a feeling which would not go away, following the war and the radical social reforms of the 1945 Labour government, that the so-called "
3335:, Cabinet Secretary, Head of the Home Civil Service and Cabinet Office Permanent Secretary, August 2005 – December 2011. The postholder is responsible for ensuring that the Civil Service is equipped with the skills and capability to meet the everyday challenges it faces and that civil servants work in a fair and decent environment. The postholder also chairs the
3280:
through a scheme of "Chartermark" awards. The programme was greeted with some derision, and it is true that the compensation sometimes hardly seemed worth the effort of claiming, and that the service standards were rarely set with much consumer input. But the initiative did have a significant effect in changing cultures, and paradoxically the spin-off
3984:
The Civil
Service Management Code (CSMC) sets out the regulations and instructions to departments and agencies regarding the terms and conditions of service of civil servants. It is the guiding document which gives delegation to civil service organisations, from the Minister for the Civil Service, in
2927:
The
Northcote-Trevelyan model was characterised by a hierarchical mode of Weberian bureaucracy; neutral, permanent and anonymous officials motivated by the public interest; and a willingness to administer policies ultimately determined by ministers. This bequeathed a set of theories, institutions and
3221:
took some years to get off the ground, and progress was patchy. Significant change was achieved, although agencies never really achieved the level of autonomy envisaged at the start. By 5 April 1993, 89 agencies had been established, and contained over 260,000 civil servants, some 49 per cent of the
3824:
was an official adviser from 1981 to 1984, and again in 1989. Walters' criticisms "of many aspects of
Treasury policy, particularly in relation to exchange rate policy" and Thatcher's refusal to dismiss him led to Nigel Lawson's resignation as chancellor in 1989. Thatcher also claimed that the 1981
3213:
would be made accountable directly (in some cases to
Parliament) for performance. Agencies were to, as far as possible, take a commercial approach to their tasks. However, the Government conceded that agency staff would remain civil servants, which diluted the radicalism of the reform. The approach
3739:
Their main role is regarding the recruitment of civil servants. They have the responsibility to ensure that all civil servants are recruited on the "principle of selection on merit on the basis of fair and open competition." They maintain a recruitment code on the interpretation and application of
2905:
recommended a permanent, unified, politically neutral civil service, with appointments made on merit, and a clear division between staff responsible for routine ("mechanical") and those engaged in policy formulation and implementation ("administrative") work. The report was not implemented, but it
3775:
or publicly expressing controversial political viewpoints, while less senior civil servants at an intermediate (managerial) level must generally seek permission to participate in political activities. The most junior civil servants are permitted to participate in political activities, but must be
3279:
By 1998, 42 Charters had been published, and they included services provided by public service industries such as the health service and the railways, as well as by the civil service. The programme was also expanded to apply to other organisations such as local government or housing associations,
4686:
Since reforms by the
Cabinet Office in 2013, the Maundy Thursday (Easter) and Christmas privilege days are no longer available for new civil servants. For civil servants who were in their positions when the changes came into force, these 1.5 days have been converted into additional annual leave.
4534:
is to describe civil servants, and in particular their grades, predominantly through a lens of administrative activity (as in the current structure of the table above), but in practice the civil service has, and always had, a number of subdivisions, with the
Historic Grades having an additional
3884:
The
Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government of 2010–2015 had proposed introducing a more American style system where senior civil servants, such as permanent secretaries, became political appointees. However, this was dropped after it was considered that the existing permanent civil
3040:
series of novels) that technical and scientific expertise was mushrooming, to a point at which the "good all-rounder" culture of the administrative civil servant with a classics or other arts degree could no longer properly engage with it: as late as 1963, for example, the
Treasury had just 19
3275:
programme. This sought to empower the service user, by setting out rights to standards in each service area, and arrangements for compensation when these were not met. An Office of Public
Service and Science was set up in 1992, to see that the Charter policy was implemented across government.
3141:
a year spent at that time by the Civil Service consisted of essential services, and that the "mandarins" (senior civil servants) needed to focus on efficiency and management rather than on policy advice. In late 1981 the Prime Minister announced the abolition of the Civil Service Department,
3081:
But, whether through lack of political will, or through passive resistance by a mandarinate which the report had suggested were "amateurs", Fulton failed. The Civil Service College equipped generalists with additional skills, but did not turn them into qualified professionals as
3238:(Cm 1730). Five-yearly or three-yearly policy and finance reviews of all agencies and other public bodies were instituted, where the first question to be answered (the "prior options exercise") was why the function should not be abolished or privatised. In November 1991 the
2922:
The Northcote–Trevelyan model remained essentially stable for a hundred years. This was attributed to its success in removing corruption, delivering public services, even under stress of war, and responding effectively to political change. Patrick Diamond argues:
3704:
The PSMG considers issues of strategic importance to the Civil Service as a whole, as well as providing corporate leadership where a single position is required across all government departments. It is chaired by the Head of the Civil Service and consists of all
4744:, first broadcast in 2005, is a similar BBC television series that has been called "the 21st century's answer to Yes Minister". The series portrays a modernised version of the interactions between the Civil Service and the Government (chiefly in the form of
4065:
on behalf of the civil service as a whole. Below the senior civil service, each individual department/executive agency can put in place its own grading and pay arrangements, provided they still comply with the central civil service pay and review guidance.
2914:
was set up in 1855 to oversee open recruitment and end patronage as Parliament passed an Act "to relieve the East India Company from the obligation to maintain the College at Haileybury". Prime Minister Gladstone took the decisive step in 1870 with his
4691:
after her coronation, it would have been difficult for the Cabinet Office to abolish it by an administrative measure, so the Cabinet Office decided to retain this as a privilege day. Privilege days still count as "working days" for the purpose of
4060:
The grading system used in the civil service has changed many times, and the current structure is made up of two schemes. All senior grades (Deputy Director / Grade 5 level and above) are part of the senior civil service, which is overseen by the
3225:
The focus on smaller, more accountable, units revived the keenness of Ministerial interest in the perceived efficiencies of the private sector. Already in the late 1980s, some common services once set up to capture economies of scale, such as the
3922:, in an email sent to Conservative Party supporters, criticised civil servants as being part of an "activist blob of left-wing lawyers, civil servants and the Labour Party" which blocked government efforts to stop small boat crossings.
3721:
The CSSB was established in 2007 and meets monthly. Its role is to enhance the performance and reputation of the Civil Service by focusing on specific areas delegated to it by PSMG. The CSSB is chaired by the Head of the Civil Service.
3179:
began in December 1984, was built on thereafter, and continues to this day, though the sums involved have always been small compared to the private sector, and the effectiveness of PRP as a genuine motivator has often been questioned.
3102:
educated a good proportion of recruits from north of the border. The younger mandarins found excuses to avoid managerial jobs in favour of the more prestigious postings. The generalists remained on top, and the specialists on tap.
6489:
The National Archives – Operational Selection Policy 24 – (which lists by date issues and events from March 1974 to 2000 relating to the machinery of Government and Civil Service management the key records of which should be
3770:
as they must uphold the duty of being politically neutral. Under regulations first adopted in 1954 and revised in 1984, members of the Senior Civil Service (the top management grades) are barred from holding office in a
3743:
The Commissioners also hear and determine appeals in cases of concern about propriety and conscience raised by civil servants under the Civil Service Code which cannot be resolved through internal procedures.
3366:
would be Chief Executive of the Civil Service. From 24 October 2018 to 4 November 2018, the office of Head of the Civil Service was vacant, as Heywood resigned on health grounds. Following Heywood's death,
3266:
It was believed with the Thatcher reforms that efficiency was improving. But there was still a perception of carelessness and lack of responsiveness in the quality of public services. The government of
5330:
3740:
that principle, and approve any exceptions to it. They audit recruitment policies and practices within the Civil Service and approve all appointments to the most senior levels of the Civil Service.
4966:
6360:
3255:
2956:
in Whitehall liaised with Dublin Castle. Some British departments' area of operation extended to Ireland, while in other fields the Dublin department was separate from the Whitehall equivalent.
2919:
to implement the Northcote-Trevelyan proposals. This system was broadly endorsed by commissions chaired by Playfair (1874), Ridley (1886), MacDonnell (1914), Tomlin (1931) and Priestley (1955).
6955:
3736:
The Civil Service Commissioners are not civil servants and are independent of Ministers, they are appointed directly by the Crown under Royal Prerogative and they report annually to the King.
6178:
3930:, accused Braverman of breaching the ministerial code. In response, a Conservative Party spokesperson said that the Home Secretary had not seen the wording of the email prior to its sending.
3201:. This envisaged a new approach to delivery featuring clear targets and personal responsibility. Without any statutory change, the managerial functions of Ministries would be hived off into
3234:, were being dismantled or sold off. Next, shortly after Thatcher left office, in July 1991, a new programme of market-testing of central government services began, with the White Paper
5718:
3167:
2755:
responsibilities which to some extent protect them from being used for the political advantage of the party in power. Senior civil servants may be called to account to Parliament.
5741:
2868:
grew large. Each had its own system and staff were appointed by purchase or patronage. By the 19th century, it became increasingly clear that these arrangements were not working.
6965:
2774:) office; the holder of certain other offices in respect of whose tenure of office special provision has been made; a servant of the Crown in a personal capacity paid from the
603:
588:
1353:
5983:
2887:
system. In government, a civil service, replacing patronage with examination, similar to the Chinese system, was advocated a number of times over the next several decades.
3045:" of the higher civil service were too remote from the people. Indeed, between 1948 and 1963 only three per cent of the recruits to the administrative class came from the
2500:
1524:
1510:
3346:
It was announced on 11 October 2011 that, following O'Donnell's retirement at the end of 2011, the role of Head of the Home Civil Service would be split from the post of
2856:. They were chosen by the king on the advice of a patron, and typically replaced when their patron lost influence. In the 18th century, in response to the growth of the
2162:
668:
4069:
For other grades many departments overlay their own grading structure, however all these structures must map across to the central government structure as shown below.
3118:
as a better social system in many areas than the state: government should be small but active. Many of her ministers were suspicious of the civil service, in light of
5916:
6104:
1476:
2664:
2540:
1363:
814:
6705:
6130:
5334:
3218:
3196:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
4626:
Recruitment data from the 2018 Civil Service Fast Stream process showed that white applicants were 15 times more likely to be recruited than black candidates.
3949:
A version of the civil service code was introduced in 2006 to outline the core values and standards expected of civil servants. The core values are defined as
3147:
2224:
789:
6960:
6423:
2180:
1762:
804:
3787:, meaning that they may not disclose sensitive government information. Since 1998, there have also been restrictions on contact between civil servants and
3206:
654:
5071:
3284:
initiative may have had more impact on local organisations uncertain about what standards to aim for, than the parent Citizen's Charter programme itself.
3122:
research that suggested public servants (as well as elected officials themselves) tend to act in ways that seek to increase their own power and budgets.
3909:
3137:
with the Prime Minister's personal backing; he identified numerous problems with the Civil Service, arguing that only three billion of the eight billion
2262:
2026:
441:
6368:
2893:, in 1850, an opposition member, sought a more efficient system based on expertise rather than favouritism. The East India Company provided a model for
793:
682:
446:
6332:
3490:
2237:
2233:
1384:
5935:
5809:
5430:
3362:
as Head of the Civil Service. In July 2014 it was announced that Kerslake would step down and Heywood would take the title of Head of the HCS while
3078:(CPRS), and they were in particular given charge of a series of Programme Analysis and Review (PAR) studies of policy efficiency and effectiveness.
3825:
budget, which increased taxes during the recession and was criticised by 364 economists, had been devised by Walters. In 2000, then-Prime Minister
3231:
1503:
556:
4906:
4535:
designator (usually omitted for senior managers, but included from middle and junior managers) as shown as "xxx", with the major groupings being:
2883:
at Haileybury near London, to train administrators, in 1806. The college was established on recommendation of officials in China who had seen the
5510:
2991:
2489:
1358:
799:
200:
4751:
There is a long history of civil servants who are also literary authors, who often comment on their own institutions, including such writers as
3303:
The position of Minister for the Civil Service is not part of the Civil Service as it is a political position which has always been held by the
3125:
She immediately set about reducing the size of the civil service, cutting numbers from 732,000 to 594,000 over her first seven years in office.
6990:
3874:
3759:
The Civil Service is a politically neutral body, with the function of impartially implementing the policy programme of the elected government.
3557:
1724:
809:
5286:
6262:
6189:
5707:
5582:
5230:
on 13 May 1997, which pivoted on the question whether as Minister he had intervened in the detailed management of the Prison Services Agency.
3281:
2465:
2167:
1547:
1063:
983:
399:
5786:
5412:
3969:
within the core values. The Code includes an independent line of appeal to the Civil Service Commissioners on alleged breaches of the Code.
6794:
6031:
5469:
5394:
4797:
4041:
2657:
2520:
2215:
2142:
2111:
1068:
978:
6057:
6768:
3246:
had referred to it as 'the funding mechanism of choice for most public sector projects'. In 1995 the decision was taken to privatise the
2810:. As at the end of March 2021 there were 484,880 civil servants in the Civil Service, an increase of 6.23 per cent on the previous year.
2485:
2272:
1894:
819:
420:
75:
5751:
5858:
4728:
and its relationship with government ministers. The portrayal is a caricature of the civil service predominantly characterised through
2872:
2437:
1700:
748:
210:
5451:
6975:
6295:
2911:
2412:
2397:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
569:
7067:
6827:
6685:
6266:
4999:
2382:
2377:
1846:
1424:
829:
5987:
3972:
As of September 2020 a version updated in March 2015, with the same core values, was current. In addition to civil servants,
215:
7062:
6925:
6720:
6545:
5685:
2650:
2208:
1875:
1788:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
291:
145:
5487:
4745:
3589:
3158:
3094:
still producing a large majority of successful English candidates, since the system continued to favour the tutorial system at
2933:
2807:
2791:
2417:
2402:
2315:
2280:
2257:
2185:
1756:
1738:
838:
741:
593:
540:
3083:
2637:
6877:
6009:
5616:
5026:
3810:
3767:
3350:; there would additionally be a new, separate, Permanent Secretary to lead the Cabinet Office. After O'Donnell's retirement,
2600:
2530:
2442:
2432:
2422:
2367:
2285:
2175:
1683:
598:
531:
17:
3976:
are also covered by the code, except, due to the nature of the role, for the requirements for objectivity and impartiality.
2743:. The executive decisions of government ministers are implemented by the Civil Service. Civil servants are employees of the
7021:
6913:
6364:
5920:
4822:
3706:
3304:
3162:
2721:
2450:
2337:
2327:
2290:
2250:
2220:
2195:
2157:
1919:
1839:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
661:
394:
84:
62:
3865:"; this was seen as inappropriate political manipulation of the Civil Service. In particular, under the administration of
6747:
4807:
4037:
2697:
2427:
2392:
2387:
2347:
2332:
2322:
2305:
2300:
2295:
1572:
638:
360:
330:
301:
161:
3776:
politically neutral in the exercise of their duties. In periods prior to General Elections, the Civil Service undergoes
7026:
6937:
6108:
5876:
3993:
The Civil Service Commissioners' Recruitment Code is maintained by the Civil Service Commissioners and is based on the
3905:
3784:
3347:
2898:
2407:
2372:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2342:
2310:
1899:
629:
464:
171:
104:
3315:
The highest ranking civil servant is the Cabinet Secretary. A subsidiary title that was also held by the incumbent is
6778:
5160:
5135:
5108:
4009:
3442:
3017:
2771:
2677:
2267:
1825:
1434:
1429:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
782:
691:
618:
205:
5970:
2999:
6730:
6138:
3846:
3731:
3099:
2799:
2748:
2740:
1851:
1651:
1646:
1377:
472:
352:
286:
267:
3820:
in government departments can reduce the political neutrality of public administration. In Thatcher's government,
6947:
6773:
6237:
3605:
3426:
2535:
778:
760:
727:
7057:
6980:
6740:
6504:
6469:
Site explaining what being a civil servant is all about, maintained by a senior public official, Martin Stanley
6421:
5902:
5312:
5075:
4812:
4049:
3298:
2995:
2902:
2814:
2071:
1784:
1752:
1616:
1414:
1394:
495:
322:
241:
228:
153:
108:
66:
5052:
7036:
7006:
6970:
5634:
3474:
3410:
3394:
2713:
2613:
1860:
1621:
368:
3331:
the three posts were split from the single holder. The last person to hold all three positions together was
6820:
6690:
3777:
3188:
2949:
2795:
2595:
2455:
2039:
1938:
1868:
1855:
1831:
1662:
1657:
3881:, both of whom were given formal power over Downing Street civil servants, provoked widespread criticism.
3813:, also created in 1998, is responsible for regulation of contacts between public officials and lobbyists.
6920:
6538:
5946:
5434:
5054:
Report on the Organisation of the Permanent Civil Service, Together with a Letter from the Rev. B. Jowett
4650:
4028:, providing short summaries of guidance on a wide range of issues and pointing to more detailed sources.
3862:
3509:
3328:
3247:
3243:
3214:
seems somewhat similar to the Swedish model, though no influence from Sweden has ever been acknowledged.
3075:
2701:
2505:
2065:
1924:
1731:
765:
696:
373:
234:
5541:
James B. Christoph, "Political Rights and Administrative Impartiality in the British Civil Service", in
3713:. This includes the Head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service, and the Head of the Diplomatic Service.
3157:
was introducing a comprehensive system of corporate and business planning (known as MINIS) first in the
6908:
3239:
3134:
3126:
2945:
2880:
2626:
1944:
1593:
1537:
1389:
755:
706:
5514:
6715:
6700:
6633:
5635:"Obituary-Sir Alan Walters:Economic adviser to Margaret Thatcher, he opposed Britain joining the ERM"
3354:
replaced him as Cabinet Secretary – serving until 24 October 2018 when he retired on health grounds;
3056:
2475:
2470:
1929:
1912:
1889:
1809:
1798:
1542:
1498:
675:
5176:
6648:
6638:
6082:
5942:
3499:
3227:
3060:
2980:
2148:
1880:
1419:
646:
274:
246:
5775:
4941:
4922:
4882:
4848:
3030:
Following the Second World War demands for change grew again. There was a concern (illustrated in
6813:
6725:
6680:
6658:
6643:
5416:
5331:"Civil Service Live Network: Kerslake to head civil service with promise of 'visible leadership'"
3176:
3091:
2984:
2890:
2803:
2515:
1772:
1743:
1677:
1552:
578:
117:
6035:
5473:
5398:
6752:
6710:
6695:
6653:
6531:
6302:
4693:
4036:
The structure of the Civil Service is divided into organisations, grades and professions. Each
3036:
2077:
1456:
734:
314:
5253:
5098:
3888:
The political neutrality of the civil service was called into question during the 2016 – 2019
7016:
7011:
6985:
6607:
5125:
5016:
4817:
4682:. It was often arranged so as to connect the Christmas bank holidays to an adjacent weekend.
3042:
2941:
2844:
The Offices of State grew in England, and later the United Kingdom centred around the street
2779:
2717:
2580:
2460:
2048:
1964:
1409:
5862:
5290:
132:
6665:
6483:
5455:
3973:
3829:
was criticised for appointing 20 special advisers (compared to eight under his predecessor
3817:
3272:
3087:
2884:
2783:
1804:
1794:
1530:
1335:
1330:
281:
6398:
6306:
2766:
employees. Although there is no fixed legal definition, the term is usually defined as a "
8:
6675:
6488:
6337:
5713:
5556:"Political Neutrality, The Duty of Silence and the Right To Publish in the Civil Service"
5555:
4716:
4237:
3889:
2705:
2190:
1997:
1767:
1706:
1611:
1606:
1567:
1516:
296:
183:
5708:"Believe me, the Civil Service is trying to sink Brexit. I have seen it from the inside"
4674:. This was an extra full day of leave at Christmas, in addition to the bank holidays of
6214:
4772:
3944:
3150:
principle of pay comparability with the private sector was abandoned in February 1982.
3130:
2937:
2894:
2876:
2728:
2021:
1957:
1904:
1747:
1471:
701:
480:
193:
6930:
6855:
5682:
5356:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6573:
6518:
6499:
5670:
5491:
5156:
5131:
5104:
5022:
4888:
4802:
3927:
3878:
3154:
3111:
1934:
1586:
1582:
1577:
432:
411:
385:
259:
5658:
6850:
5746:
4792:
4776:
4752:
4733:
4206:
4045:
4005:
3919:
3710:
3621:
3332:
3202:
3086:
did in France. Recruits to the fast stream self-selected, with the universities of
2916:
2709:
2245:
2133:
2125:
2104:
2088:
1690:
1641:
1491:
1481:
451:
381:
6238:"White people 15 times more likely than black candidates to get civil service job"
2849:
6427:
5781:
5689:
5177:"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1986"
4740:
4729:
4658:
3854:
3772:
3210:
3192:
3046:
2861:
2016:
1814:
1461:
1443:
719:
342:
188:
5836:
5431:"Sir Peter Ricketts, Permanent Under Secretary, Foreign and Commonwealth Office"
3912:
Chiefs warning that Brexit was having an "unsettling" effect on civil servants.
6893:
6836:
6617:
6263:"FOI release: How many staff have a contracted day off for Christmas shopping?"
5223:
4764:
4062:
3916:
3870:
3806:
3653:
3351:
3324:
3143:
3138:
3071:
3050:
2857:
2787:
2685:
2562:
2082:
1777:
1670:
1666:
510:
6887:
4892:
4549:
The Current Structure identifies a number of distinct professional groupings:
7051:
6612:
6597:
6568:
6554:
4725:
3842:
3142:
transferring power over the Civil Service to the Prime Minister's Office and
3119:
2853:
2767:
2763:
561:
518:
428:
71:
6468:
5742:"Nigel Farage wants any Remainers in the civil service and military removed"
6593:
5814:
4995:
4780:
4768:
4710:
4688:
4639:
4635:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3821:
3797:
3792:
3669:
3637:
3573:
3541:
3525:
3458:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3067:
2953:
2928:
practices to subsequent generations of administrators in the central state.
2836:
2118:
1821:
1599:
526:
407:
80:
58:
5545:, J. E. Hodgetts and D. C. Corbett (eds), (Toronto: Macmillan, 1960), 421.
3995:
principle of selection on merit on the basis of fair and open competition.
2722:
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
6588:
6578:
6509:
5287:"Sir Gus O'Donnell, Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Home Civil Service"
4760:
4756:
3923:
3885:
service style was better-suited to the government of the United Kingdom.
3645:
also Permanent Secretary, Department of Communities and Local Government
3355:
3115:
2907:
2693:
2007:
1466:
623:
574:
502:
336:
253:
178:
5837:"Suella Braverman: Civil servants demand apology over small boats email"
2910:
demonstrated that the military was as backward as the civil service. A
39:
6583:
6418:"These Unfortunate Events": Lessons of Recent Events at the Former DTLR
6034:. UK Civil Service, the Cabinet Office. 1 February 2010. Archived from
5986:. UK Civil Service, the Cabinet Office. 1 February 2010. Archived from
4679:
4223:
Assistant Under Secretary, latterly Under Secretary or Director General
3866:
3837:
cost of special advisers across all government departments had reached
3830:
3826:
3685:
3268:
3184:
3031:
2865:
2775:
2099:
1884:
1449:
113:
100:
3900:
accusing the civil service of having a "pro-Remain bias". In response
548:
7031:
6478:
5254:"Sir Jeremy Heywood, Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Civil Service"
4675:
4670:
4663:
3849:, was forced to resign because of the actions of his special adviser
3809:
official who promised privileged access to government ministers. The
3763:
2845:
2770:
working in a civil capacity who is not the holder of a political (or
2744:
2736:
2093:
1711:
1626:
486:
6494:
6484:
Academic article on the first fifteen years of the Citizen's Charter
6330:
5528:
4638:
granted to employees of the civil service. These are in addition to
2969:
6602:
3850:
3802:
3788:
3095:
2608:
2054:
1979:
1974:
1560:
6455:
New Managerialism: Administrative Reform in Whitehall and Canberra
6179:"Ministry of Defence – Supporting Narrative and Pay Scales – 2010"
3766:, civil servants are legally barred from standing for election as
6805:
6670:
6473:
5810:"Brexit has brought civil servants a barrage of unfair criticism"
5583:
Ministers plot end to Civil Service neutrality – UK Politics – UK
2752:
2732:
2590:
2060:
1402:
6523:
3988:
3699:
4721:
3834:
2495:
1695:
6333:"Civil servants keep extra holidays despite mandarin's pledge"
6105:"PART 3: CHANGES IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE SINCE 1967 (continued)"
4568:
Digital, Data and Technology (formerly Information Technology)
3323:), who until recently was also the Permanent Secretary of the
5222:
showing the difficulty of this boundary was the interview of
4911:. The House of Commons. 2021. Part 1 / Chapter 2 / Section 1.
2621:
1634:
5943:
Parliament and Constitution Centre, House of Commons Library
2501:
Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
6513:
5776:"Civil service chief says Brexit is 'unsettling' Whitehall"
5585:. The Independent (1 August 2012). Retrieved on 2013-08-24.
5333:. Cabinet Office Civil Service Live Network. Archived from
4622:
Other (for minority groups, such as Investigating Officers)
4410:
Industrial Process & General Supervisory Grade E (PGSE)
3858:
3251:
2848:, hence the metonym. Initially, they were little more than
2552:
1985:
5861:. UK Government Civil Service. 6 June 2006. Archived from
5413:"Membership of the Permanent Secretaries Management Group"
5100:
High Minds: The Victorians and the Birth of Modern Britain
4687:
Because the Queen's Birthday privilege day was granted by
4662:. This was a half day on the afternoon of the Thursday of
3838:
3343:
which are the main governing bodies of the Civil Service.
6921:
Second Lord of the Treasury (Chancellor of the Exchequer)
5127:
Governing Britain: Power, Politics and the Prime Minister
4705:
4008:
set out guidance on how civil servants should respond to
2557:
6331:
Steven Swinford and Christopher Hope (26 October 2013).
5511:"Civil Service Commissioners website (Code of Practice)"
2936:
was separate from the British Civil Service. Whilst the
815:
Scottish Parliament constituencies and electoral regions
5903:"The Introduction to the Civil Service Management Code"
6107:. Parliament of the United Kingdom. 45. Archived from
4748:), as well as the media's involvement in the process.
4645:
Before 2013, there were 2.5 privilege days each year:
4015:
3965:. A key change from previous values is the removal of
3908:
and Head of the Civil Service, issued a letter to all
3747:
Northern Ireland has a separate Commission called the
3716:
3049:, and in 1966 more than half of the administrators at
805:
Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000
6441:
Literature in the Civil Service: Sublime Bureaucracy
6097:
5578:
5576:
5050:
3985:
order for them to make internal personnel policies.
6050:
5976:
5917:"The Civil Service Commissioners' Recruitment Code"
5531:. Civil Service Commissioners for Northern Ireland.
5382:
Twentieth Century British Political Facts 1900–2000
3533:also Permanent Secretary, Civil Service Department
3517:also Permanent Secretary, Civil Service Department
3358:as Cabinet Office Permanent Secretary; and lastly,
2817:is a separate civil service in the United Kingdom.
6416:House of Commons Public Administration Committee,
5936:"The Osmotherly Rules (Standard Note: SN/PC/2671)"
5774:
5706:
5529:"Civil Service Commissioners for Northern Ireland"
5505:
5503:
5501:
3816:The increasing influence of politically appointed
3371:was given the additional Civil Service portfolio.
3198:Improving Management in Government: The Next Steps
794:2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies
5573:
3805:leader, was introduced by a lobbyist to a senior
3292:
3173:Efficiency and Effectiveness in the Civil Service
3106:
2959:
1385:Intergovernmental relations in the United Kingdom
7049:
6505:Collection of civil service conduct and guidance
5488:"Civil Service Commissioners website (About Us)"
5446:
5444:
5289:. UK Government. 29 January 2009. Archived from
4440:Higher Clerical Officer (HCO) or Industrial PGSD
3979:
3749:Civil Service Commissioners for Northern Ireland
2782:(who are politically appointed); members of the
2751:. Civil servants also have some traditional and
6010:"Grades and types of work in the Civil Service"
5498:
5480:
5241:Transforming Central Government: the Next Steps
5123:
5004:. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 287.
3853:, who instructed a departmental civil servant,
2860:and economic changes, institutions such as the
2778:". As such, the civil service does not include
5659:The advisers: Modernisation or politicisation?
4024:was published in 2000 to replace the previous
3725:
810:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022
6821:
6539:
6131:"PART 4: THE CIVIL SERVICE TODAY (continued)"
6058:"Equivalent Civil Service and Military Ranks"
5919:. Civil Service Commissioners. Archived from
5513:. Civil Service Commissioners. Archived from
5490:. Civil Service Commissioners. Archived from
5441:
4994:
4959:
3989:Civil Service Commissioners' Recruitment Code
3709:and other selected permanent secretaries and
3700:Permanent Secretaries Management Group (PSMG)
3053:level and above had been privately educated.
2658:
6795:Civil service reform in developing countries
6159:Grade predominantly used in "Establishments"
6077:
6075:
5895:
5405:
5151:McDowell, Robert Brendan (1 December 1976).
5096:
4798:Departments of the United Kingdom Government
3928:Association of First Division Civil Servants
3310:
2216:Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
2143:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2112:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
3258:and Recruitment & Assessment Services.
2998:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2897:, private Secretary to Gladstone who, with
2762:in the United Kingdom does not include all
820:Senedd constituencies and electoral regions
6828:
6814:
6546:
6532:
6123:
5851:
4988:
4473:Clerical Assistant (CA) or Industrial PGSB
3780:which further restricts their activities.
2950:the Irish executive based at Dublin Castle
2831:the incorruptible spinal column of England
2665:
2651:
1763:Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties
1701:Measure of the National Assembly for Wales
38:
27:Permanent bureaucracy of the British state
6072:
5632:
5628:
5626:
5624:
3018:Learn how and when to remove this message
2852:for their leaders, who held positions at
1139:European Parliament elections (1979–2019)
6267:Department for International Development
6255:
6024:
5395:"Permanent Secretaries Management Group"
5313:"Cabinet Secretary announces retirement"
5150:
4466:Clerical Officer (CO) or Industrial PGSC
3261:
3209:setting out their objectives, and whose
2731:, the Civil Service, often known by the
2676:
6926:Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury
6519:Guardian Special Report – Civil Service
5909:
5521:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5021:. Acorn Independent Press. p. 26.
5014:
3754:
3256:Occupational Health & Safety Agency
3242:was launched, and by November 1994 the
14:
7050:
6510:BBC brief on the British Civil Service
6290:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6235:
5807:
5621:
3783:All civil servants are subject to the
3195:(now in No. 10), published his report
2906:came as the bureaucratic chaos in the
2901:, drafted the key report in 1854. The
2186:Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute
6809:
6527:
6404:Constitutional and Administrative Law
6188:. Ministry of Defence. Archived from
6060:. whatdotheyknow.com. 1 February 2010
5927:
5789:from the original on 10 December 2022
5772:
5617:Committee on Standards in Public Life
4699:
4443:
4354:
4262:
4147:
4113:
4098:
4095:
4080:and historical grade names are shown
3938:
3811:Committee on Standards in Public Life
3791:; this followed an incident known as
3482:also Joint Secretary to the Treasury
3466:also Joint Secretary to the Treasury
3329:Coalition Government of David Cameron
2798:; officers or staff of either of the
2531:United Kingdom and the United Nations
2176:British Overseas Territories Act 2002
5739:
5721:from the original on 12 January 2022
5593:
5591:
5462:
5423:
5387:
5272:
4887:. Cabinet Office. 2021. p. 15.
4823:Public and Commercial Services Union
4577:Knowledge and Information Management
4089:
3337:Permanent Secretary Management Group
3305:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
3114:came to office in 1979 believing in
2996:adding citations to reliable sources
2963:
2251:British National (Overseas) passport
2196:Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute
2158:British Overseas Territories citizen
1652:2011 referendum on law-making powers
1548:Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly
85:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
6281:
6137:. UK Parliament. 92. Archived from
5971:Directory of Civil Service Guidance
5933:
5153:The Irish administration, 1801-1914
4595:Procurement and Contract Management
4571:Inspector of Education and Training
4022:Directory of Civil Service Guidance
4016:Directory of Civil Service Guidance
3999:
3795:, where an undercover reporter for
3717:Civil Service Steering Board (CSSB)
2739:, forms an inseparable part of the
2727:As in other states that employ the
1245:Northern Ireland Assembly elections
302:Republicanism in the United Kingdom
24:
6938:Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office
6835:
6769:National civil service commissions
6367:. 24 February 2012. Archived from
5773:Blitz, Jamie (30 September 2019).
4930:. House of Lords. 2014. p. 4.
4055:
3833:) and for the fact that the total
3785:Official Secrets Acts 1911 to 1989
25:
7079:
7022:Prime Minister's New Year Message
6553:
6462:
6236:Martin, Amy-Clare (5 July 2020).
5984:"Civil Service Equivalent Grades"
5905:. UK Government. 9 November 2016.
5588:
4629:
4545:Professional and Technology (PTO)
4254:Under Secretary or Superintendent
4072:All current grades are marked in
3892:, with political figures such as
2948:was retained in formal charge of
2700:of Crown employees that supports
1430:Greater London Authority Act 1999
6892:
6886:
6387:
5808:Dudman, Jane (30 October 2019).
5671:Spin doctor role under spotlight
5380:David Butler and Gareth Butler,
4967:"Civil Service Statistics: 2021"
4866:
4808:His Majesty's Diplomatic Service
4598:Programme and Project Management
4436:Administrative or Support Ranks
3847:Secretary of State for Transport
3732:First Civil Service Commissioner
3129:, the former chief executive of
3098:while to an extent the Scottish
2968:
2825:
2620:
2607:
2589:
2574:
645:
547:
517:
485:
359:
329:
258:
233:
160:
7068:Cabinet Office (United Kingdom)
6961:Parliamentary Private Secretary
6434:The Changing Anatomy of Britain
6402:Bradley, A.W. and Ewing, K.D.,
6353:
6324:
6296:"Public and privilege holidays"
6229:
6207:
6171:
6162:
6153:
6002:
5964:
5869:
5829:
5801:
5766:
5740:Read, Jonathan (11 July 2019).
5733:
5699:
5676:
5664:
5652:
5609:
5600:
5548:
5535:
5472:. UK Government. Archived from
5454:. UK Government. Archived from
5433:. UK Government. Archived from
5415:. UK Government. Archived from
5397:. UK Government. Archived from
5374:
5349:
5323:
5305:
5246:
5233:
5212:
5203:
5194:
5169:
5144:
5117:
5090:
5064:
5044:
5035:
4908:House of Commons Staff Handbook
4283:Assistant Secretary or Director
4111:1971 unified grading structure
4010:Parliamentary select committees
3549:also Secretary to the Treasury
3450:also Secretary to the Treasury
3434:also Secretary to the Treasury
3418:also Secretary to the Treasury
3402:also Secretary to the Treasury
3168:Financial Management Initiative
2536:United Nations Security Council
216:Other constitutional principles
7063:Civil Service (United Kingdom)
6495:Cabinet Office – official site
6474:Official Civil Service website
5597:Bradley and Ewing, pp. 279–80.
5543:Canadian Public Administration
5470:"Civil Service Steering Board"
5008:
4976:. UK Government. 31 March 2021
4934:
4915:
4899:
4875:
4841:
4813:Northern Ireland Civil Service
4525:
4050:non-departmental public bodies
3693:also Secretary to the Cabinet
3677:also Secretary to the Cabinet
3661:also Secretary to the Cabinet
3629:also Secretary to the Cabinet
3613:also Secretary to the Cabinet
3597:also Secretary to the Cabinet
3581:also Secretary to the Cabinet
3565:also Secretary to the Cabinet
3321:Head of the Home Civil Service
3299:Minister for the Civil Service
3293:Minister for the Civil Service
3187:, who had been recruited from
3171:, launched in September 1982 (
3107:Margaret Thatcher's government
2960:Lord Fulton's committee report
2815:Northern Ireland Civil Service
2796:non-departmental public bodies
2072:British Indian Ocean Territory
1617:Act of the Scottish Parliament
1415:English votes for English laws
1395:Council of Nations and Regions
154:Politics of the United Kingdom
67:Minister for the Civil Service
13:
1:
7037:Portrait of Margaret Thatcher
7007:Downing Street Christmas Tree
6500:GOV.UK – How Government Works
6457:(Open University Press, 1994)
5934:Gay, Oonagh (4 August 2005).
5103:. Random House. p. 476.
5051:Charles E. Trevelyan (1853).
4924:House of Lords Staff Handbook
4829:
4156:Admiral of the Fleet (OF-10)
3980:Civil Service Management Code
3287:
3271:sought to tackle this with a
3159:Department of the Environment
2191:Gibraltar sovereignty dispute
1622:Scottish statutory instrument
1197:Scottish Parliament elections
683:Justices of the Supreme Court
6436:(Hodder and Stoughton, 1982)
6411:British Government in Crisis
5633:Alan Budd (6 January 2009).
4834:
4651:The King's Official Birthday
4634:A privilege day is a day of
4553:Communications and Marketing
4522:NB – XXX is standing in for
4393:Lieutenant Commander (OF-3)
4268:Director or Deputy Director
4031:
3341:Civil Service Steering Board
2792:local government authorities
2729:Westminster political system
2456:politics of Northern Ireland
1658:Government of Wales Act 1998
790:UK Parliament constituencies
7:
6956:Principal Private Secretary
6361:"Time-limit for responding"
6215:"Civil Service professions"
5661:, BBC News, 12 January 2000
4786:
4162:Marshal of the RAF (OF-10)
3926:, general secretary of the
3863:a good day to bury bad news
3726:Civil Service Commissioners
3707:first permanent secretaries
3248:Chessington Computer Centre
3244:Chancellor of the Exchequer
3076:Central Policy Review Staff
2066:British Antarctic Territory
1390:Legislative consent motions
532:The Lord McFall of Alcluith
10:
7084:
6976:Director of Communications
6909:First Lord of the Treasury
6479:Civil Service Club website
5673:, BBC News, 5 January 2004
5606:Bradley and Ewing, p. 280.
5452:"Civil Service governance"
5384:, Macmillan, 2000, p. 302.
5130:. I.B.Tauris. p. 42.
4872:Bradley and Ewing, p. 272.
4849:"About us - Civil service"
4364:Lieutenant Colonel (OF-4)
4214:Lieutenant General (OF-8)
3942:
3729:
3498:also Permanent Secretary,
3296:
3240:private finance initiative
2946:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
2903:Northcote–Trevelyan Report
2881:East India Company College
2820:
2506:UK–EU withdrawal agreement
6999:
6946:
6901:
6884:
6843:
6787:
6761:
6626:
6561:
6396:Chinese Ideas in the West
5717:. London. 18 March 2019.
5015:Jenkins, Terence (2013).
4601:Property Asset Management
4502:
4497:
4476:
4471:
4464:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4438:
4435:
4431:Flight Lieutenant (OF-2)
4414:
4406:
4403:
4386:
4381:
4374:
4371:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4350:Deputy Assistant Director
4346:
4330:
4305:
4293:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4231:
4200:
4186:Air Chief Marshal (OF-9)
4130:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4092:
3762:Like all servants of the
3751:which has the same role.
3327:. However, following the
3317:Head of the Civil Service
3311:Head of the Civil Service
2758:In general use, the term
2581:United Kingdom portal
2471:Northern Ireland Protocol
1810:Non-metropolitan District
1499:Northern Ireland Act 1998
749:Monetary Policy Committee
201:Parliamentary sovereignty
127:
109:Head of the Civil Service
93:
51:
46:
37:
6779:Civil service by country
6450:(Baseline, Tisbury 1999)
5877:"The Civil Service code"
5859:"The Civil Service Code"
5839:. BBC News. 8 March 2023
5124:Patrick Diamond (2013).
4478:Administrative Assistant
4388:Higher Executive Officer
4383:Higher xxx Officer (HxO)
4376:Senior xxx Officer (SxO)
4356:Senior Executive Officer
4348:Assistant Principal or
4248:Air Vice Marshal (OF-7)
4099:Equivalent military rank
3933:
3500:Civil Service Department
3228:Property Services Agency
3191:in July 1983 to run the
3061:Civil Service Department
2912:Civil Service Commission
2702:His Majesty's Government
2149:Turks and Caicos Islands
1420:Greater London Authority
570:Leader of the Opposition
275:William, Prince of Wales
144:This article is part of
6948:Prime Minister's Office
6426:26 October 2016 at the
5688:4 December 2007 at the
5683:Uncivil to the servants
5072:"History of Haileybury"
4399:Squadron Leader (OF-3)
3869:, the influence of two
3177:Performance-related pay
2891:William Ewart Gladstone
2806:(NHS); or staff of the
2804:National Health Service
1895:Community council areas
1773:Non-metropolitan county
1553:Law of Northern Ireland
118:Chief Operating Officer
94:Organisation executives
6774:Government occupations
6303:Office of Fair Trading
5615:, Sixth Report of the
4694:freedom of information
4445:Administrative Officer
4367:Wing Commander (OF-4)
4159:Field Marshal (OF-10)
4020:A two-volume 125-page
3133:, was appointed as an
3037:Strangers and Brothers
2930:
2842:
2681:
2234:Diplomatic missions of
2078:British Virgin Islands
7058:Public administration
7017:Number 10 Policy Unit
7012:Ministerial Broadcast
6991:Official Spokesperson
6931:Government Chief Whip
6608:Public administration
6448:The New Civil Service
6085:. civilservant.org.uk
5973:, Cabinet Office 2000
5923:on 19 September 2008.
5865:on 23 September 2008.
5563:Parliamentary Affairs
5494:on 14 September 2008.
5458:on 21 September 2008.
5401:on 15 September 2008.
5239:Patricia Greer, 1994,
5097:Simon Heffer (2013).
4818:Public administration
4408:xxx Officer (xO) or
4342:Group Captain (OF-5)
4277:Air Commodore (OF-6)
4245:Major General (OF-7)
3768:Members of Parliament
3491:Sir William Armstrong
3262:The Citizen's Charter
3236:Competing for Quality
3219:Next Steps Initiative
2942:Parliament of Ireland
2925:
2829:
2680:
2476:British–Irish Council
2461:Good Friday Agreement
2273:Free trade agreements
2238:in the United Kingdom
2049:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
1965:Bailiwick of Guernsey
1525:deputy First Minister
1410:Governance of England
421:Deputy Prime Minister
76:Deputy Prime Minister
52:Ministers responsible
47:Organisation overview
18:British Civil Service
6878:Privy Council Office
6627:By country/territory
6032:"What's in a grade?"
5437:on 21 November 2008.
5357:"Sir Jeremy Heywood"
4734:Sir Humphrey Appleby
4589:Operational Research
4586:Operational Delivery
4242:Rear Admiral (OF-7)
4211:Vice Admiral (OF-8)
4177:Permanent Secretary
4168:Permanent Secretary
4026:Guidance on Guidance
3841:4 million. In 2001,
3755:Political neutrality
3558:Sir Robert Armstrong
3148:Priestley Commission
3100:Ancient universities
2992:improve this section
2885:imperial examination
2800:Houses of Parliament
2794:; employees of some
2784:British Armed Forces
2780:government ministers
2768:servant of the Crown
2712:, which is led by a
2040:Overseas Territories
1805:Metropolitan Borough
1531:Emma Little-Pengelly
1472:Combined authorities
830:UK general elections
297:Counsellors of State
211:Separation of powers
133:gov.uk/civil-service
120:of the Civil Service
7027:Press Briefing Room
6966:Political Secretary
6856:Chief Whip's Office
6365:Ministry of Justice
6338:The Daily Telegraph
6312:on 7 September 2012
6141:on 20 December 2016
6111:on 20 December 2016
5714:The Daily Telegraph
5476:on 15 October 2008.
5200:Sampson, pp. 174–5.
5155:. Greenwood Press.
5078:on 27 December 2019
4730:Sir Nigel Hawthorne
4717:Yes, Prime Minister
4480:(AA) or Industrial
4447:(AO) or Industrial
4418:(EO) or Industrial
4217:Air Marshal (OF-8)
4117:SCS bands known as
4052:subordinate to it.
3890:Brexit negotiations
3606:Sir Andrew Turnbull
3475:Sir Laurence Helsby
3427:Sir Richard Hopkins
3207:Framework Documents
3165:. This led to the
3163:Ministry of Defence
3131:Marks & Spencer
2934:Irish Civil Service
2802:; employees of the
2706:Scottish Government
2263:UK–CD Customs Union
2027:UK-CD Customs Union
1998:Bailiwick of Jersey
1785:Unitary authorities
1768:Metropolitan county
1753:Ceremonial counties
1707:Act of Senedd Cymru
1612:Scottish Parliament
1568:Scottish devolution
34:
6986:Director of Policy
6432:Sampson, Anthony,
6217:. 19 November 2015
6195:on 26 October 2012
5990:on 13 January 2014
5696:, 26 February 2002
4773:William Wordsworth
4708:television series
4700:In popular culture
4689:Queen Elizabeth II
4425:Lieutenant (OF-2)
4327:Assistant Director
4153:Cabinet Secretary
4096:Current structure
4046:executive agencies
4038:Secretary of State
3945:Civil Service Code
3939:Civil Service Code
3873:special advisers,
3859:September 11, 2001
3654:Sir Jeremy Heywood
3590:Sir Richard Wilson
3443:Sir Edward Bridges
3203:Executive Agencies
2938:Acts of Union 1800
2895:Stafford Northcote
2877:East India Company
2749:British parliament
2741:British government
2682:
2022:Common Travel Area
1958:Crown Dependencies
1925:Preserved counties
1905:Shires of Scotland
481:King-in-Parliament
32:
7045:
7044:
6873:12 Downing Street
6868:11 Downing Street
6863:10 Downing Street
6803:
6802:
6574:Government agency
6186:National Archives
5028:978-1-909121-04-1
4884:Crown application
4616:Tax Professionals
4520:
4519:
4416:Executive Officer
4361:Commander (OF-4)
4298:Senior Principal
4274:Brigadier (OF-6)
4271:Commodore (OF-6)
4192:Deputy Secretary
4139:Cabinet Secretary
4114:1996 SCS changes
3906:Cabinet Secretary
3879:Alastair Campbell
3711:directors general
3697:
3696:
3622:Sir Gus O'Donnell
3510:Sir Douglas Allen
3411:Sir Horace Wilson
3395:Sir Warren Fisher
3348:Cabinet Secretary
3273:Citizen's Charter
3183:In February 1988
3155:Michael Heseltine
3135:efficiency expert
3112:Margaret Thatcher
3028:
3027:
3020:
2899:Charles Trevelyan
2692:is the permanent
2675:
2674:
2466:UK–Ireland border
2258:Visa requirements
2209:Foreign relations
2163:Visa requirements
2137:
2128:
2121:
1945:Historic counties
1832:Historic counties
1578:Scotland Act 1998
800:Political parties
697:England and Wales
630:King-on-the-Bench
562:Sir Lindsay Hoyle
197:
139:
138:
105:Cabinet Secretary
33:The Civil Service
16:(Redirected from
7075:
6896:
6890:
6851:9 Downing Street
6830:
6823:
6816:
6807:
6806:
6741:Northern Ireland
6548:
6541:
6534:
6525:
6524:
6446:Jonathan Tonge,
6443:(Palgrave, 2012)
6439:Sullivan, Ceri,
6381:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6328:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6311:
6305:. Archived from
6300:
6292:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6269:. 9 January 2013
6259:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6233:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6222:
6211:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6200:
6194:
6183:
6175:
6169:
6166:
6160:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6146:
6127:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6101:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6079:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6019:
6017:
6012:. Cabinet Office
6006:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5980:
5974:
5968:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5951:
5945:. Archived from
5940:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5899:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5888:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5855:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5833:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5822:
5805:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5778:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5750:. Archived from
5747:The New European
5737:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5726:
5710:
5703:
5697:
5680:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5645:
5630:
5619:
5613:
5607:
5604:
5598:
5595:
5586:
5580:
5571:
5570:
5560:
5552:
5546:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5507:
5496:
5495:
5484:
5478:
5477:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5448:
5439:
5438:
5427:
5421:
5420:
5419:on 17 July 2010.
5409:
5403:
5402:
5391:
5385:
5378:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5283:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5250:
5244:
5237:
5231:
5216:
5210:
5209:Sampson, p. 171.
5207:
5201:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5094:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5074:. Archived from
5068:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5048:
5042:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5012:
5006:
5005:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4971:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4879:
4873:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4845:
4793:Colonial Service
4777:Anthony Trollope
4753:Geoffrey Chaucer
4746:special advisors
4404:Junior Managers
4372:Middle Managers
4294:Senior Managers
4207:Director General
4126:Royal Air Force
4087:
4086:
4079:
4006:Osmotherly Rules
4000:Osmotherly Rules
3974:special advisers
3920:Suella Braverman
3902:Sir Mark Sedwill
3818:special advisers
3670:Sir Mark Sedwill
3638:Sir Bob Kerslake
3574:Sir Robin Butler
3542:Sir Douglas Wass
3526:Sir Ian Bancroft
3459:Sir Norman Brook
3374:
3373:
3211:chief executives
3161:and then in the
3023:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3003:
2972:
2964:
2917:Order in Council
2879:established the
2840:
2710:Welsh Government
2667:
2660:
2653:
2625:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2601:Northern Ireland
2594:
2593:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2516:The Commonwealth
2145:
2134:Tristan da Cunha
2132:
2126:Ascension Island
2124:
2116:
2114:
2105:Pitcairn Islands
2089:Falkland Islands
2051:
1988:
1840:Northern Ireland
1642:Welsh devolution
1517:Michelle O'Neill
1492:Northern Ireland
1482:Cornwall Council
1298:Senedd elections
742:Deputy governors
707:Northern Ireland
669:Deputy President
649:
551:
541:House of Commons
521:
489:
382:Starmer ministry
363:
333:
262:
237:
191:
164:
141:
140:
135:
59:Sir Keir Starmer
42:
35:
31:
21:
7083:
7082:
7078:
7077:
7076:
7074:
7073:
7072:
7048:
7047:
7046:
7041:
6995:
6981:Press Secretary
6942:
6897:
6891:
6882:
6839:
6834:
6804:
6799:
6783:
6757:
6622:
6557:
6552:
6465:
6460:
6428:Wayback Machine
6406:(Pearson, 2003)
6390:
6385:
6384:
6374:
6372:
6359:
6358:
6354:
6344:
6342:
6329:
6325:
6315:
6313:
6309:
6298:
6294:
6293:
6282:
6272:
6270:
6261:
6260:
6256:
6246:
6244:
6234:
6230:
6220:
6218:
6213:
6212:
6208:
6198:
6196:
6192:
6181:
6177:
6176:
6172:
6167:
6163:
6158:
6154:
6144:
6142:
6129:
6128:
6124:
6114:
6112:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6088:
6086:
6083:"Civil Servant"
6081:
6080:
6073:
6063:
6061:
6056:
6055:
6051:
6041:
6039:
6038:on 28 June 2010
6030:
6029:
6025:
6015:
6013:
6008:
6007:
6003:
5993:
5991:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5969:
5965:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5938:
5932:
5928:
5915:
5914:
5910:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5886:
5884:
5883:. 16 March 2015
5875:
5874:
5870:
5857:
5856:
5852:
5842:
5840:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5820:
5818:
5806:
5802:
5792:
5790:
5782:Financial Times
5771:
5767:
5757:
5755:
5754:on 6 April 2020
5738:
5734:
5724:
5722:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5690:Wayback Machine
5681:
5677:
5669:
5665:
5657:
5653:
5643:
5641:
5631:
5622:
5614:
5610:
5605:
5601:
5596:
5589:
5581:
5574:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5540:
5536:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5509:
5508:
5499:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5450:
5449:
5442:
5429:
5428:
5424:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5379:
5375:
5365:
5363:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5340:
5338:
5337:on 11 July 2012
5329:
5328:
5324:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5296:
5294:
5293:on 20 June 2011
5285:
5284:
5273:
5263:
5261:
5260:. UK Government
5252:
5251:
5247:
5238:
5234:
5220:locus classicus
5217:
5213:
5208:
5204:
5199:
5195:
5185:
5183:
5175:
5174:
5170:
5163:
5149:
5145:
5138:
5122:
5118:
5111:
5095:
5091:
5081:
5079:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5057:
5049:
5045:
5040:
5036:
5029:
5013:
5009:
4993:
4989:
4979:
4977:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4950:
4948:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4871:
4867:
4857:
4855:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4789:
4741:The Thick of It
4724:on the British
4702:
4659:Maundy Thursday
4632:
4610:Social Research
4592:Policy Delivery
4565:Human Resources
4542:Scientific (SO)
4528:
4499:Industrial PGSA
4428:Captain (OF-2)
4358:(SEO)/Band B2+
4339:Colonel (OF-5)
4336:Captain (OF-5)
4307:Grade 6/Band A+
4302:Deputy Director
4183:General (OF-9)
4180:Admiral (OF-9)
4134:
4132:
4107:
4100:
4093:Historic names
4073:
4058:
4056:Grading schemes
4034:
4018:
4002:
3991:
3982:
3947:
3941:
3936:
3915:In March 2023,
3875:Jonathan Powell
3855:Martin Sixsmith
3773:political party
3757:
3734:
3728:
3719:
3702:
3313:
3301:
3295:
3290:
3264:
3232:Crown Suppliers
3193:Efficiency Unit
3109:
3047:working classes
3024:
3013:
3007:
3004:
2989:
2973:
2962:
2862:Office of Works
2841:
2835:
2828:
2823:
2808:Royal Household
2788:police officers
2747:and not of the
2671:
2642:
2638:Other countries
2633:
2632:
2631:
2619:
2606:
2605:
2588:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2549:
2527:
2512:
2482:
2447:
2277:
2242:
2230:
2211:
2201:
2200:
2172:
2154:
2153:
2141:
2140:
2131:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2098:
2087:
2076:
2070:
2059:
2047:
2042:
2032:
2031:
2017:British Islands
2013:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1967:
1960:
1950:
1949:
1930:Principal areas
1916:
1909:
1872:
1865:
1843:
1836:
1735:
1727:
1717:
1716:
1660:
1649:
1647:1997 referendum
1638:
1631:
1580:
1573:1997 referendum
1564:
1557:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1462:London Assembly
1457:Mayoral cabinet
1444:Mayor of London
1432:
1425:1998 referendum
1406:
1399:
1380:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1142:
1141:
1135:
1133:
834:
833:
825:
785:
771:
770:
752:
722:
720:Bank of England
712:
711:
688:
634:
626:
621:
611:
610:
589:59th Parliament
585:
582:
573:
560:
536:
530:
506:
491:
484:
467:
457:
456:
438:
436:
424:
415:
403:
389:
377:
348:
343:King-in-Council
339:
317:
307:
306:
278:
231:
221:
220:
189:Treaty of Union
174:
131:
123:
89:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7081:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7003:
7001:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6971:Chief of Staff
6968:
6963:
6958:
6952:
6950:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6940:
6935:
6934:
6933:
6923:
6918:
6917:
6916:
6914:Prime Minister
6905:
6903:
6899:
6898:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6859:
6858:
6847:
6845:
6841:
6840:
6837:Downing Street
6833:
6832:
6825:
6818:
6810:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6797:
6788:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6765:
6763:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6755:
6753:European Union
6750:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6736:United Kingdom
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6662:
6661:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6630:
6628:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6620:
6618:Public service
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6565:
6563:
6559:
6558:
6551:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6516:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6464:
6463:External links
6461:
6459:
6458:
6451:
6444:
6437:
6430:
6414:
6407:
6400:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6371:on 26 May 2015
6352:
6323:
6280:
6254:
6228:
6206:
6170:
6161:
6152:
6122:
6096:
6071:
6049:
6023:
6001:
5975:
5963:
5952:on 30 May 2009
5926:
5908:
5894:
5868:
5850:
5828:
5800:
5765:
5732:
5698:
5675:
5663:
5651:
5620:
5608:
5599:
5587:
5572:
5547:
5534:
5520:
5517:on 9 May 2008.
5497:
5479:
5461:
5440:
5422:
5404:
5386:
5373:
5348:
5322:
5304:
5271:
5245:
5232:
5224:Michael Howard
5211:
5202:
5193:
5181:NobelPrize.org
5168:
5161:
5143:
5136:
5116:
5109:
5089:
5063:
5043:
5034:
5027:
5007:
4987:
4958:
4933:
4914:
4898:
4874:
4865:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4788:
4785:
4779:, and diarist
4765:Andrew Marvell
4701:
4698:
4684:
4683:
4667:
4655:
4631:
4630:Privilege days
4628:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4574:Internal Audit
4572:
4569:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4539:Executive (EO)
4527:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4413:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4390:(HEO)/Band B2
4385:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4353:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4332:Grade 7/Band A
4329:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4304:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4264:SCS Pay Band 1
4261:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4235:
4233:SCS Pay Band 2
4230:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4204:
4202:SCS Pay Band 3
4199:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4149:SCS Pay Band 4
4146:
4141:
4136:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4063:Cabinet Office
4057:
4054:
4033:
4030:
4017:
4014:
4001:
3998:
3990:
3987:
3981:
3978:
3943:Main article:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3917:Home Secretary
3871:Downing Street
3807:Downing Street
3801:, posing as a
3756:
3753:
3730:Main article:
3727:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3352:Jeremy Heywood
3325:Cabinet Office
3312:
3309:
3297:Main article:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3263:
3260:
3144:Cabinet Office
3108:
3105:
3072:Downing Street
3051:undersecretary
3026:
3025:
2976:
2974:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2940:abolished the
2858:British Empire
2833:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2790:; officers of
2720:chosen by the
2686:United Kingdom
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2617:
2603:
2598:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2486:European Union
2481:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2241:
2240:
2229:
2228:
2221:Foreign policy
2218:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2138:
2129:
2122:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:Cayman Islands
2080:
2074:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1900:Civil parishes
1897:
1892:
1887:
1878:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1849:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1822:Civil parishes
1819:
1818:
1817:
1815:London Borough
1812:
1807:
1792:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1778:Greater London
1775:
1770:
1760:
1750:
1741:
1729:
1728:
1725:Administration
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1678:First Minister
1674:
1671:Wales Act 2017
1667:Wales Act 2014
1655:
1644:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1594:First Minister
1590:
1575:
1570:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1511:First Minister
1507:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1427:
1417:
1412:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1346:UK referendums
1344:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
979:1910 (Jan–Feb)
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
839:1801 co-option
835:
827:
823:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
786:
777:
776:
773:
772:
769:
768:
763:
758:
746:
745:
732:
731:
723:
718:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
704:
699:
694:
692:United Kingdom
687:
686:
676:The Lord Hodge
673:
672:
659:
658:
643:
642:
622:
617:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
607:
606:
596:
591:
584:
583:
565:
564:
545:
544:
535:
534:
515:
514:
511:House of Lords
500:
499:
477:
476:
468:
463:
462:
459:
458:
455:
454:
449:
444:
426:
425:
405:
404:
395:Prime Minister
379:
378:
357:
356:
327:
326:
318:
313:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
272:
271:
251:
250:
232:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
186:
184:Bill of Rights
181:
175:
170:
169:
166:
165:
157:
156:
150:
149:
137:
136:
129:
125:
124:
122:
121:
111:
97:
95:
91:
90:
88:
87:
78:
69:
63:Prime Minister
55:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7080:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7055:
7053:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7002:
7000:Miscellaneous
6998:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6945:
6939:
6936:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6900:
6895:
6889:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6831:
6826:
6824:
6819:
6817:
6812:
6811:
6808:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6786:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6760:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6748:United States
6746:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6625:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6613:Public policy
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6598:Spoils system
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6569:Public sector
6567:
6566:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6555:Civil service
6549:
6544:
6542:
6537:
6535:
6530:
6529:
6526:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6466:
6456:
6452:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6431:
6429:
6425:
6422:
6419:
6415:
6412:
6408:
6405:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6393:
6392:
6388:Cited sources
6370:
6366:
6362:
6356:
6340:
6339:
6334:
6327:
6308:
6304:
6297:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6285:
6268:
6264:
6258:
6243:
6239:
6232:
6216:
6210:
6191:
6187:
6180:
6174:
6165:
6156:
6140:
6136:
6135:parliament.uk
6132:
6126:
6110:
6106:
6100:
6084:
6078:
6076:
6059:
6053:
6037:
6033:
6027:
6011:
6005:
5989:
5985:
5979:
5972:
5967:
5948:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5922:
5918:
5912:
5904:
5898:
5882:
5881:UK Government
5878:
5872:
5864:
5860:
5854:
5838:
5832:
5817:
5816:
5811:
5804:
5788:
5784:
5783:
5777:
5769:
5753:
5749:
5748:
5743:
5736:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5679:
5672:
5667:
5660:
5655:
5640:
5636:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5618:
5612:
5603:
5594:
5592:
5584:
5579:
5577:
5568:
5564:
5557:
5551:
5544:
5538:
5530:
5524:
5516:
5512:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5493:
5489:
5483:
5475:
5471:
5465:
5457:
5453:
5447:
5445:
5436:
5432:
5426:
5418:
5414:
5408:
5400:
5396:
5390:
5383:
5377:
5362:
5358:
5352:
5336:
5332:
5326:
5318:
5314:
5308:
5292:
5288:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5242:
5236:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5206:
5197:
5182:
5178:
5172:
5164:
5162:9780837185613
5158:
5154:
5147:
5139:
5137:9780857734679
5133:
5129:
5128:
5120:
5112:
5110:9781446473825
5106:
5102:
5101:
5093:
5077:
5073:
5067:
5056:
5055:
5047:
5038:
5030:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5011:
5003:
5002:
5001:Inside Europe
4997:
4996:Gunther, John
4991:
4975:
4968:
4962:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4926:
4925:
4918:
4910:
4909:
4902:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4878:
4869:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4840:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4726:civil service
4723:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4697:
4695:
4690:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4640:bank holidays
4637:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4532:lingua franca
4523:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4474:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4450:
4446:
4441:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4412:
4409:
4402:
4398:
4396:Major (OF-3)
4395:
4392:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4370:
4357:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4265:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4129:
4110:
4105:
4104:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4077:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4013:
4011:
4007:
3997:
3996:
3986:
3977:
3975:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3843:Stephen Byers
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3752:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3723:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3692:
3690:2020–present
3689:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3333:Gus O'Donnell
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3300:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:, with clear
3204:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3120:public choice
3117:
3113:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3022:
3019:
3011:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2977:This section
2975:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2873:Charles Grant
2869:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2838:
2832:
2826:Establishment
2818:
2816:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2764:public sector
2761:
2760:civil servant
2756:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2690:Civil Service
2687:
2679:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2522:
2521:member states
2519:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:United States
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2168:Visa policies
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:Council areas
1888:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1684:Eluned Morgan
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
832:
831:
826:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
795:
791:
788:
787:
784:
780:
775:
774:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
751:
750:
744:
743:
739:
738:
737:
736:
735:Andrew Bailey
730:
729:
725:
724:
721:
716:
715:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
685:
684:
680:
679:
678:
677:
671:
670:
666:
665:
664:
663:
662:The Lord Reed
657:
656:
652:
651:
650:
648:
641:
640:
639:Supreme Court
636:
635:
633:
631:
625:
620:
615:
614:
605:
602:
601:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
580:
576:
572:
571:
567:
566:
563:
559:
558:
554:
553:
552:
550:
543:
542:
538:
537:
533:
529:
528:
524:
523:
522:
520:
513:
512:
508:
507:
505:
504:
498:
497:
493:
492:
490:
488:
482:
475:
474:
473:UK Parliament
470:
469:
466:
461:
460:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
437:
434:
430:
429:Angela Rayner
423:
422:
418:
417:
416:
413:
409:
401:
397:
396:
392:
391:
390:
387:
383:
375:
371:
370:
366:
365:
364:
362:
355:
354:
353:HM Government
350:
349:
347:
346:
344:
338:
334:
332:
325:
324:
323:Privy Council
320:
319:
316:
311:
310:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
277:
276:
270:
269:
268:Heir apparent
265:
264:
263:
261:
256:
255:
248:
244:
243:
239:
238:
236:
230:
225:
224:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
195:
194:Acts of Union
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
173:
168:
167:
163:
159:
158:
155:
152:
151:
147:
143:
142:
134:
130:
126:
119:
115:
112:
110:
106:
102:
99:
98:
96:
92:
86:
82:
79:
77:
73:
72:Angela Rayner
70:
68:
64:
60:
57:
56:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
6791:
6735:
6594:Merit system
6454:
6453:Zifcak, S.,
6447:
6440:
6433:
6420:, HMSO 2002
6417:
6410:
6409:Foster, C.,
6403:
6395:
6373:. Retrieved
6369:the original
6355:
6343:. Retrieved
6336:
6326:
6314:. Retrieved
6307:the original
6271:. Retrieved
6257:
6245:. Retrieved
6241:
6231:
6219:. Retrieved
6209:
6197:. Retrieved
6190:the original
6185:
6173:
6164:
6155:
6143:. Retrieved
6139:the original
6134:
6125:
6113:. Retrieved
6109:the original
6099:
6087:. Retrieved
6062:. Retrieved
6052:
6040:. Retrieved
6036:the original
6026:
6014:. Retrieved
6004:
5992:. Retrieved
5988:the original
5978:
5966:
5954:. Retrieved
5947:the original
5929:
5921:the original
5911:
5897:
5885:. Retrieved
5880:
5871:
5863:the original
5853:
5841:. Retrieved
5831:
5819:. Retrieved
5815:The Guardian
5813:
5803:
5791:. Retrieved
5780:
5768:
5756:. Retrieved
5752:the original
5745:
5735:
5723:. Retrieved
5712:
5701:
5694:The Scotsman
5693:
5678:
5666:
5654:
5642:. Retrieved
5639:The Guardian
5638:
5611:
5602:
5566:
5562:
5550:
5542:
5537:
5523:
5515:the original
5492:the original
5482:
5474:the original
5464:
5456:the original
5435:the original
5425:
5417:the original
5407:
5399:the original
5389:
5381:
5376:
5366:12 September
5364:. Retrieved
5360:
5351:
5339:. Retrieved
5335:the original
5325:
5316:
5307:
5295:. Retrieved
5291:the original
5262:. Retrieved
5257:
5248:
5240:
5235:
5227:
5219:
5214:
5205:
5196:
5184:. Retrieved
5180:
5171:
5152:
5146:
5126:
5119:
5099:
5092:
5080:. Retrieved
5076:the original
5066:
5053:
5046:
5041:(Bodde 2005)
5037:
5018:London Tales
5017:
5010:
5000:
4990:
4978:. Retrieved
4973:
4961:
4949:. Retrieved
4945:
4936:
4923:
4917:
4907:
4901:
4883:
4877:
4868:
4856:. Retrieved
4852:
4843:
4781:Samuel Pepys
4769:Robert Burns
4750:
4739:
4738:
4715:
4711:Yes Minister
4709:
4703:
4685:
4669:
4657:
4649:
4644:
4636:annual leave
4633:
4625:
4619:Veterinarian
4548:
4531:
4529:
4521:
4505:Skill Zone 1
4504:
4498:
4482:Skill Zone 2
4481:
4477:
4472:
4465:
4449:Skill Zone 3
4448:
4444:
4439:
4420:Skill Zone 4
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4387:
4382:
4375:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4331:
4326:
4322:
4306:
4301:
4297:
4287:
4282:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4172:
4167:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4101:(NATO Code)
4081:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4059:
4035:
4025:
4021:
4019:
4003:
3994:
3992:
3983:
3971:
3966:
3963:impartiality
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3948:
3914:
3898:Nigel Farage
3894:Brexit Party
3887:
3883:
3861:, would be "
3822:Alan Walters
3815:
3798:The Observer
3796:
3782:
3761:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3720:
3703:
3369:Mark Sedwill
3364:John Manzoni
3360:Bob Kerslake
3345:
3340:
3336:
3320:
3319:(previously
3316:
3314:
3302:
3278:
3265:
3235:
3224:
3216:
3197:
3182:
3172:
3166:
3152:
3127:Derek Rayner
3124:
3116:free markets
3110:
3080:
3065:
3055:
3035:
3029:
3014:
3005:
2990:Please help
2978:
2954:Irish Office
2931:
2926:
2921:
2889:
2870:
2850:secretariats
2843:
2837:John Gunther
2830:
2812:
2759:
2757:
2726:
2689:
2683:
2413:South Africa
2398:Saudi Arabia
2119:Saint Helena
1911:
1881:Subdivisions
1867:
1852:Subdivisions
1838:
1744:Subdivisions
1730:
1676:
1633:
1600:John Swinney
1592:
1559:
1523:
1509:
1490:
1477:Metro mayors
1442:
1401:
1345:
1341:
1297:
1293:
1244:
1240:
1196:
1192:
1138:
1134:
828:
824:
747:
740:
733:
726:
681:
674:
667:
660:
653:
644:
637:
627:
568:
555:
546:
539:
527:Lord Speaker
525:
516:
509:
501:
494:
478:
471:
427:
419:
408:Keir Starmer
406:
393:
380:
367:
358:
351:
340:
335:
328:
321:
282:Royal family
273:
266:
257:
252:
240:
172:Constitution
81:Pat McFadden
29:
6706:New Zealand
6589:Technocracy
6579:Bureaucracy
6413:(Hart 2005)
6394:Bodde, D.,
6375:17 December
6316:17 December
6273:17 December
6247:2 September
6168:Lapsed 1974
5887:8 September
5186:29 November
4858:14 February
4761:John Dryden
4757:John Milton
4559:Engineering
4526:Professions
4503:Industrial
4120:Royal Navy
4108:(pre 1971)
3959:objectivity
3924:Dave Penman
3356:Ian Watmore
3282:Chartermark
3153:Meanwhile,
3057:Lord Fulton
2908:Crimean War
2698:secretariat
2694:bureaucracy
2383:New Zealand
2378:Netherlands
2268:Visa policy
2246:UK passport
2008:Isle of Man
1935:Communities
1885:Sheriffdoms
1703:(1999–2011)
1467:London Plan
783:referendums
624:Charles III
604:List of MPs
575:Rishi Sunak
503:Charles III
465:Legislature
442:Departments
337:Charles III
292:Prerogative
254:Charles III
242:The Monarch
206:Rule of law
179:Magna Carta
7052:Categories
6762:Categories
6639:Bangladesh
6584:Bureaucrat
6490:preserved)
6145:4 December
6115:4 December
5785:. London.
5569:(4). 1986.
5297:6 December
5264:6 December
5243:, preface.
4942:"About us"
4893:1274541502
4830:References
4696:requests.
4680:Boxing Day
4613:Statistics
4604:Psychology
4323:Principal
4044:which has
4042:Department
3910:Department
3867:Tony Blair
3831:John Major
3827:Tony Blair
3686:Simon Case
3674:2018–2020
3658:2014–2018
3642:2012–2014
3626:2005–2011
3610:2002–2005
3594:1998–2002
3578:1988–1998
3562:1981–1987
3546:1981–1983
3530:1978–1981
3514:1974–1978
3495:1968–1974
3479:1963–1968
3463:1956–1962
3447:1945–1956
3431:1942–1945
3415:1939–1942
3399:1919–1939
3288:Governance
3269:John Major
3185:Robin Ibbs
3032:C. P. Snow
3008:April 2021
2866:Navy Board
2776:Civil List
2100:Montserrat
1691:Government
1607:Government
1450:Sadiq Khan
1378:Devolution
1069:1974 (Oct)
1064:1974 (Feb)
984:1910 (Dec)
756:Currencies
594:Opposition
287:Succession
114:Cat Little
101:Simon Case
7032:Partygate
6902:Residence
6844:Buildings
6792:See also:
6731:Sri Lanka
6726:Singapore
6659:Hong Kong
6634:Australia
5341:8 January
5228:Newsnight
4835:Citations
4676:Christmas
4671:Christmas
4664:Holy Week
4556:Economics
4032:Structure
3967:anonymity
3951:integrity
3793:Lobbygate
3789:lobbyists
3092:Cambridge
3074:came the
3043:mandarins
2979:does not
2846:Whitehall
2753:statutory
2737:Whitehall
2718:ministers
2418:Palestine
2403:Singapore
2316:Hong Kong
2281:Australia
2181:UK-OT JMC
2094:Gibraltar
1861:Districts
1795:Districts
1712:Welsh law
1627:Scots law
1538:Executive
779:Elections
761:Banknotes
655:President
619:Judiciary
447:Ministers
315:Executive
229:The Crown
6716:Pakistan
6701:Malaysia
6603:Diplomat
6562:Concepts
6424:Archived
6341:. London
5787:Archived
5719:Archived
5686:Archived
4998:(1940).
4787:See also
4583:Medicine
4238:Director
4144:Grade 1A
4135:Service
3851:Jo Moore
3803:business
3339:and the
3230:and the
3096:Oxbridge
2864:and the
2834:—
2772:judicial
2708:and the
2614:Scotland
2443:Zimbabwe
2433:Portugal
2423:Pakistan
2368:Malaysia
2286:Barbados
2055:Anguilla
1980:Alderney
1975:Guernsey
1869:Scotland
1856:Counties
1663:2006 Act
1587:2016 Act
1583:2012 Act
1561:Scotland
1543:Assembly
1504:2006 Act
1435:2007 Act
728:Governor
702:Scotland
452:Agencies
146:a series
6711:Nigeria
6686:Ireland
6671:Germany
6221:14 June
6199:13 June
6016:12 June
5843:9 March
5821:6 April
5793:6 April
5758:6 April
5725:6 April
5644:23 June
4951:5 April
4607:Science
4562:Finance
4288:Grade 5
4259:Grade 4
4228:Grade 3
4197:Grade 2
4173:Grade 1
4082:italics
3955:honesty
3896:Leader
3857:, that
3845:, then
3222:total.
3000:removed
2985:sources
2821:History
2733:metonym
2714:cabinet
2684:In the
2596:England
2490:history
2451:Ireland
2338:Germany
2328:Denmark
2291:Belgium
2225:history
2061:Bermuda
1920:History
1876:History
1847:History
1748:Regions
1739:History
1732:England
1403:England
889:1832–33
557:Speaker
369:Cabinet
128:Website
6721:Russia
6676:Greece
6666:France
6649:Canada
6644:Brazil
6345:26 May
6242:mirror
6089:15 May
6064:15 May
6042:7 July
5994:7 July
5956:22 May
5361:gov.uk
5317:GOV.UK
5258:gov.uk
5159:
5134:
5107:
5025:
4980:13 May
4974:gov.uk
4946:GOV.UK
4891:
4853:gov.uk
4722:satire
4720:are a
4507:(SZ1)
4484:(SZ2)
4451:(SZ3)
4422:(SZ4)
4131:Senior
4090:Group
4078:
4074:
4040:has a
3961:, and
3835:salary
3778:purdah
3386:Notes
3383:Dates
3254:, the
3146:. The
3139:pounds
3088:Oxford
2952:. The
2944:, the
2875:, the
2871:Under
2839:, 1940
2704:, the
2688:, the
2496:Brexit
2428:Poland
2393:Russia
2388:Norway
2348:Israel
2333:France
2323:Cyprus
2306:Canada
2301:Brunei
2296:Belize
1696:Senedd
6696:Japan
6691:Italy
6681:India
6654:China
6310:(PDF)
6299:(PDF)
6193:(PDF)
6182:(PDF)
5950:(PDF)
5939:(PDF)
5559:(PDF)
5082:3 May
5058:(PDF)
4970:(PDF)
4928:(PDF)
4825:(PCS)
4133:Civil
4123:Army
4106:Grade
4076:bold
3934:Codes
3764:Crown
3380:Name
3068:Heath
3066:Into
2854:court
2745:Crown
2627:Wales
2408:Spain
2373:Malta
2363:Kenya
2358:Japan
2353:Italy
2343:India
2311:China
1913:Wales
1635:Wales
766:Coins
6514:h2g2
6377:2013
6347:2015
6318:2013
6275:2013
6249:2020
6223:2016
6201:2016
6147:2016
6117:2016
6091:2016
6066:2016
6044:2010
6018:2016
5996:2010
5958:2009
5889:2020
5845:2023
5823:2020
5795:2020
5760:2020
5727:2020
5646:2012
5368:2016
5343:2012
5299:2016
5266:2016
5218:The
5188:2023
5157:ISBN
5132:ISBN
5105:ISBN
5084:2020
5023:ISBN
4982:2022
4953:2023
4889:OCLC
4860:2024
4775:and
4714:and
4704:The
4678:and
4530:The
4516:N/A
4513:N/A
4510:N/A
4493:N/A
4490:N/A
4487:N/A
4460:N/A
4457:N/A
4454:N/A
4317:N/A
4314:N/A
4311:N/A
4048:and
4004:The
3877:and
3252:HMSO
3217:The
3090:and
2983:any
2981:cite
2932:The
2813:The
2553:NATO
1986:Sark
1939:list
1826:list
1799:list
1789:list
1757:list
1364:2016
1359:2011
1354:1975
1336:Next
1331:2021
1326:2016
1321:2011
1316:2007
1311:2003
1306:1999
1288:Next
1283:2022
1278:2017
1273:2016
1268:2011
1263:2007
1258:2003
1253:1998
1235:Next
1230:2021
1225:2016
1220:2011
1215:2007
1210:2003
1205:1999
1187:2019
1182:2014
1177:2009
1172:2004
1167:1999
1162:1994
1157:1989
1152:1984
1147:1979
1129:2024
1124:2019
1119:2017
1114:2015
1109:2010
1104:2005
1099:2001
1094:1997
1089:1992
1084:1987
1079:1983
1074:1979
1059:1970
1054:1966
1049:1964
1044:1959
1039:1955
1034:1951
1029:1950
1024:1945
1019:1935
1014:1931
1009:1929
1004:1924
999:1923
994:1922
989:1918
974:1906
969:1900
964:1895
959:1892
954:1886
949:1885
944:1880
939:1874
934:1868
929:1865
924:1859
919:1857
914:1852
909:1847
904:1841
899:1837
894:1835
884:1831
879:1830
874:1826
869:1820
864:1818
859:1812
854:1807
849:1806
844:1802
781:and
496:King
400:list
374:list
247:list
107:and
65:and
5226:on
4803:FDA
4732:'s
4706:BBC
4580:Law
4325:or
4300:or
3682:19
3666:18
3650:17
3634:16
3618:15
3602:14
3586:13
3570:12
3554:11
3538:10
3189:ICI
3084:ENA
3070:'s
3034:'s
2994:by
2735:of
2716:of
2696:or
2558:G20
599:MPs
7054::
6596:/
6512:–
6363:.
6335:.
6301:.
6283:^
6265:.
6240:.
6184:.
6133:.
6074:^
5941:.
5879:.
5812:.
5779:.
5744:.
5711:.
5692:,
5637:.
5623:^
5590:^
5575:^
5567:39
5565:.
5561:.
5500:^
5443:^
5359:.
5315:.
5274:^
5256:.
5179:.
4972:.
4944:.
4851:.
4783:.
4771:,
4767:,
4763:,
4759:,
4755:,
4736:.
4642:.
4084:.
4012:.
3957:,
3953:,
3904:,
3522:9
3506:8
3487:7
3471:6
3455:5
3439:4
3423:3
3407:2
3391:1
3377:#
3307:.
3250:,
2786:;
2724:.
2563:G7
2541:P5
2492:)
2236:/
1883::
1854::
1801:)
1746::
1669:,
1665:,
1585:,
148:on
116:,
103:,
83:,
74:,
61:,
6829:e
6822:t
6815:v
6547:e
6540:t
6533:v
6379:.
6349:.
6320:.
6277:.
6251:.
6225:.
6203:.
6149:.
6119:.
6093:.
6068:.
6046:.
6020:.
5998:.
5960:.
5891:.
5847:.
5825:.
5797:.
5762:.
5729:.
5648:.
5370:.
5345:.
5319:.
5301:.
5268:.
5190:.
5165:.
5140:.
5113:.
5086:.
5060:.
5031:.
4984:.
4955:.
4895:.
4862:.
4666:.
3839:ÂŁ
3021:)
3015:(
3010:)
3006:(
3002:.
2988:.
2666:e
2659:t
2652:v
2488:(
2227:)
2223:(
2136:)
2117:(
1989:)
1973:(
1941:)
1937:(
1828:)
1824:(
1797:(
1791:)
1787:(
1759:)
1755:(
1673:)
1661:(
1654:)
1650:(
1589:)
1581:(
1506:)
1502:(
1437:)
1433:(
796:)
792:(
632:)
628:(
581:)
579:C
577:(
483:)
479:(
435:)
433:L
431:(
414:)
412:L
410:(
402:)
398:(
388:)
386:L
384:(
376:)
372:(
345:)
341:(
249:)
245:(
196:)
192:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.