British Expeditionary Force (World War II)

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March), to £8,500,000 the following year and to more than £67,500,000 by 1938–1939 but the share of spending on army equipment only grew beyond 25 per cent of all military equipment spending in 1938. The relative neglect of the army led to a theory of "limited liability" until 1937, in which Britain would not send a great army to Europe in time of war. In 1934, the Defence Requirements Sub-Committee (DRC) of the CID assumed that a regular field army of five divisions was to be equipped as an expeditionary force, eventually to be supplemented by parts of the Territorial Army. The force and its air support would act as a deterrent greatly disproportionate to its size; plans were made to acquire sufficient equipment and training for the TA to provide a minimum of two extra divisions on the outbreak of war. It was expected that a British army in Europe would receive continuous reinforcement and in 1936, a TA commitment of twelve divisions was envisaged by

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the army and the air force as deterrents for the same cost. The chiefs were in favour of a balanced rearmament but within financial limits, the air force should be favoured. In 1937, the Minister argued that a continental commitment was no longer feasible and that France did not now expect a big land army along with the navy and air force, Germany had guaranteed Belgian neutrality and that if the quantity of money was limited, defence against air attack, trade protection and the defence of overseas territories were more important and had to be secured before Britain could support allies in the defence of their territories. The "continental hypothesis" came fourth and the main role of the army was to protect the empire, which included the anti-aircraft defence of the

1973:) were ready to advance to the Dyle Line, by pivoting on the right (southern) Second Army. The Seventh Army would take over west of Antwerp, ready to move into Holland and the Belgians were expected to delay a German advance and then retire from the Albert Canal to the Dyle, between Antwerp to Louvain. The BEF was to defend about 12 mi (20 km) of the Dyle from Louvain to Wavre and the First Army on the right of the BEF was to hold 22 mi (35 km) from Wavre across the Gembloux Gap to Namur. The gap from the Dyle to Namur north of the Sambre, with Maastricht and Mons on either side, had few natural obstacles and led straight to Paris. The Ninth Army would take post south of Namur, along the Meuse to the left (northern) flank of the Second Army. 2899: 1579: 1434:, warned that possible allies should be left in no doubt about the effectiveness of the army. The re-armament plans for the field force remained deficiency plans, rather than plans for expansion. The July 1934 deficiency plan was estimated at £10,000,000 but cut by 50 per cent by the cabinet; by the first rearmament plan of 1936, the cost of the deficiency plan for the next five years had increased to £177,000,000. In the first version of the "new conspectus", spending was put at £347,000,000, although in 1938 this was cut to £276,000,000, still substantially more than the deficiency plan for 1936 but much of this sum was for anti-aircraft defence, a new duty imposed on the army. 38: 1724: 2016: 2306:

afterwards, infantry assaults started along the whole front, crossing the canalised river either by inflatable boats or by clambering across the wreckage of demolished bridges. Although the Escaut line was penetrated in numerous places, all the German bridgeheads were either thrown back or contained by vigorous but costly British counter-attacks and the remaining German troops were ordered to retire across the river by the night of 22 May. Later that same night, events further south prompted an order for the BEF to retire again, this time back to the Gort Line on the Franco-Belgian border. The

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twelve divisions, was to complement the five regular divisions. The Cabinet postponed this plan for three years, during which the policy of limited liability precluded such developments, except for the purchase of the same training equipment for the TA as that used by the army, equivalent to that needed to equip two regular divisions, which was the maximum commitment promised to the French in 1938. The mobile division was split into two divisions and some extra equipment went to artillery and engineer units. By 1938 the deficiency programme was due to mature; in the wake of the

1818: 1911: 2953: 2703: 1293: 3219: 3267: 3243: 3231: 2263:. The British Staff was of the opinion that the German breakthrough consisted of small detachments of light reconnaissance troops and that using these lightly armed and largely untrained troops against them did not seem unreasonable. The area was otherwise devoid of Allied units, so there was little alternative. The three divisions were grouped together in an improvised corps called Petreforce and on 18 and 19 May, the Territorials, lacking motor transport, began to march or entrain towards their defence positions. 9034: 3255: 3207: 2620: 2762: 2148: 2354: 2916:) was isolated on the Channel coast. The AASF was ordered to retreat towards Nantes or Bordeaux while supporting the French armies, flying armed reconnaissance sorties over the Seine from dawn, which cost ten aircraft and crews; bad weather limited fighter sorties to the coast. On 14 June, attacks resumed against German units south of the Seine but the weather deteriorated and fewer sorties were flown. Seven Blenheims were shot down raiding 1753:, informally called labour divisions, were not trained or equipped to fight. The labour divisions consisted of 26 new infantry battalions which had spent their first months guarding vulnerable points in England but had received very little training. Battalions and some engineers were formed into nominal brigades but lacked artillery, signals or transport. The divisions were used for labour from St Nazaire in Normandy to 2162:

German unit reached the Meuse in the afternoon but the local French commanders thought that they were far ahead of the main body and would wait before trying to cross the Meuse. From 10 May, Allied bombers had been sent to raid northern Belgium, to delay the German advance while the First Army moved up but attacks on the bridges at Maastricht had been costly failures, the

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June, IX Corps had established a defence round St Valery. French transport continued to arrive at the perimeter and it was difficult in some places to recognise German troops following up, which inhibited defensive fire. That night, Fortune signalled that it was now or never. Troops not needed to hold the perimeter moved down to the beaches and the harbour. An armada of

2744:) of the 52nd (Lowland) Division, departed for France on 7 June; Brooke returned five days later. On 9 June, the French port Admiral at Le Havre reported that Rouen had fallen and that the Germans were heading for the coast. Ihler and Fortune decided that their only hope of escape was via Le Havre. The port admiral requested British ships for 2657:. Three Territorial divisions and three lines-of-communication battalions had been moved north of the Seine on 17 May. Rail movements between these bases and the Somme was impeded by German bombing and trains arriving from the north full of Belgian and French troops; the roads also filled with retreating troops and refugees. 3006:

and alarmist reports, led some operations to be terminated early and much equipment needlessly was destroyed or left behind. About 700 tanks, 20,000 motor bikes, 45,000 cars and lorries, 880 field guns and 310 larger equipments, about 500 anti-aircraft guns, 850 anti-tank guns, 6,400 anti-tank rifles

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from Home Forces in Britain, then the 3rd Infantry Division as soon as it was ready. Brooke warned that the enterprise was futile, except as a political gesture. On 6 June, the Cabinet decided to reconstitute the BEF (Second BEF is an informal post-war term) with Gort remaining as commander in chief.

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for as long as possible. After an engagement with German forces at dawn on 27 May in Le Cornet Malo, C Company and HQ Company of the 2nd Royal Norfolks fell back to the headquarters at the Cornet Farm outside Le Paradis. They were told by radio that their units were isolated and would not receive any

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aircraft and the French were reduced to sending obsolete bombers to attack in the afternoon, also with many losses. On 16 May, the 1st Army Group was ordered to retreat from the Dyle Line, to avoid being trapped by the German breakthrough against the Second and Ninth armies but on 20 May, the Germans

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Obtaining equipment for the Field Force benefited from plans for the TA which, sometimes covertly, was used as a device to get more equipment which could be used by the regular army. At first it was admitted in the deficiency programmes of 1935–1936, in which an expansion of the TA in three stages to

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to make room on the RASC transport for the men. The night move was difficult as French troops, many horse-drawn, encroached on the British route and alarmist rumours spread. Fortune and Ihler set up at a road junction near Veules-les-Roses to direct troops to their positions and by the morning of 11

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to Maulde on the French border (the Escaut Line). The order to withdraw was greeted with astonishment and frustration by the British troops who felt that they had held their own, but they were unaware of the deteriorating situation elsewhere. The withdrawal went mainly according to plan but required

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the XIX Panzer Corps engaged the two cavalry divisions of the Second Army, surprising them with a far larger force than expected and forced them back. The Ninth Army to the north had also sent its two cavalry divisions forward, which were withdrawn on 12 May, before they met German troops. The first

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The Second and Ninth armies were dug in on the west bank of the Meuse on ground that was easily defended and behind the Ardennes, giving plenty of warning of a German attack. After the transfer of the Seventh Army, seven divisions remained behind the Second and Ninth armies and other divisions could

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was beached and the electric power was cut, rendering the cranes on the docks useless and improvised methods to embark heavy equipment were too slow. On 12 June, RAF fighters deterred more raids and the quartermaster of the 14th Royal Fusiliers got the transport away over the Seine via the ferry at

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the light tanks were modern but did not begin to reach the army until 1935. The rule had reduced war spending from £766 million in 1920 to £102 million when it was abolished on 23 March 1932. The British army had fewer men than in 1914, no organisation or equipment for a war in Europe, and it would

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missing or captured. About 700 tanks, 20,000 motor bikes, 45,000 cars and lorries, 880 field guns and 310 larger equipments, about 500 anti-aircraft guns, 850 anti-tank guns, 6,400 anti-tank rifles and 11,000 machine-guns were abandoned. As units arrived in Britain they reverted to the authority of

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and artillery, which destroyed the building and forced the Norfolks to retreat to a nearby barn. The Royal Norfolks continued their defensive stand into the evening, by which point many had been wounded by the German bombardment. The last contact with Brigade Headquarters at L'Epinette occurred at

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operating west of the river until 14 May, when the front line units were ready; the bridges were then blown. Later that day probes by reconnaissance troops of three German infantry divisions were dispersed. Next day, attacks on Louvain by the German 19th Division were repulsed by the 3rd Division.

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Gap, for which the divisions behind the Second Army were well placed. On 8 November, Gamelin added the Seventh Army, containing some of the best and most mobile French divisions, to the left flank of the 1st Army Group to move into Holland and protect the Scheldt estuary. In March, Gamelin ordered

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In February 1938, the CID ruled that planning should be based on "limited liability"; between late 1937 and early 1939, equipment for the five-division field army was reduced to that necessary for colonial warfare in the Far East. In Europe, the field force could only conduct defensive warfare and

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As rearmament of the navy and the air force continued, the nature of an army fit to participate in a European war was kept under review and in 1936, the Cabinet ordered the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee of the CID to provide a report on the role of an expeditionary force and the relative values of

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In March 1932, the Ten-Year Rule was abolished and in 1934, the Cabinet resolved to remedy equipment deficiencies in the armed forces over the next five years. The army was always the least favoured force but equipment spending increased from £6,900,000 from 1933–1934 financial year (1 April to 31

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On 12 June, Weygand had recommended that the French government seek an armistice, which led to an abortive plan to create a defensive zone in Brittany. On 14 June, Brooke was able to prevent the rest of the 52nd (Lowland) Division being sent to join the 157th Infantry Brigade Group and during the

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airfield but ten Fighter Command squadrons patrolled twice in squadron strength or provided bomber escorts, the biggest effort since Dunkirk, fighters of the AASF patrolling south of the Seine. The remnants of the 1st Armoured Division and two brigades of the Beauman Division had got south of the

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on the same day. This was well to the south of the main BEF force on the Escaut, where seven BEF divisions were placed in the front line. The British divisions were facing nine German infantry divisions, who began their attack on the morning of 21 May with a devastating artillery barrage. Shortly

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hard fighting from the corps rearguards. A communication breakdown caused a loss of co-ordination with the Belgian Army to the north-west of II Corps and a dangerous gap opened up between the two; fortunately it was covered by British light armour before the Germans could discover and exploit it.

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and while continuing to co-operate, to withdraw towards Cherbourg. The rest of the 52nd (Lowland) Division was ordered back to a line near Cherbourg to cover the evacuation on 15 June. The AASF was directed to send its remaining bomber squadrons back to Britain and use the fighters to cover the

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Beauman improvised Beauforce from two infantry battalions, four machine-gun platoons and a company of Royal Engineers. Vicforce (Colonel C. E. Vickary) took over five provisional battalions from troops in base depots, who had few arms and little equipment. The Germans captured Amiens on 20 May,

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and spending on equipment for the army varied from £1,500,000 to £2,600,000 per year from 1924 to 1933, averaging £2,000,000 or about 9 per cent of armaments spending a year. Until the early 1930s, the War Office intended to maintain a small, mobile and professional army and a start was made on

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Cornered, outnumbered and with many wounded, 99 Royal Norfolks made a rush into the open but eventually, under the orders of their commander Major Lisle Ryder, the Norfolks surrendered. In the confusion of battle and in part due to battle fatigue, the Norfolks had surrendered not to the German

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The British made a commitment on 21 April 1939 to provide an army of six regular and 26 Territorial divisions, introduced equipment scales for war and began conscription to provide the manpower. In February 1939, the first four regular army divisions of the Field Force had been promised to the

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unshakeable.... The English soldier has always shown himself to be a fighter of high value. Certainly the Territorial divisions are inferior to the Regular troops in training but where morale is concerned they are their equal.... In defence the Englishman took any punishment that came his way.

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in Belgium was feasible but the British were lukewarm about an advance into Belgium. Gamelin talked them round and on 9 November, the Dyle Plan/Plan D was adopted and on 17 November, Gamelin issued a directive that day detailing a line from Givet to Namur, the Gembloux Gap, Wavre, Louvain and

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The English soldier was in excellent physical condition. He bore his own wounds with stoical calm. The losses of his own troops he discussed with complete equanimity. He did not complain of hardships. In battle he was tough and dogged. His conviction that England would conquer in the end was

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27 May to 20 July, then Brooke) but the trained and equipped units had been stripped from Home Forces and sent to France; only about two divisions' worth of equipment remained in the country. The equivalent of twelve divisions returned to Britain but these could only be re-equipped by the

2255:, intended for construction and labouring tasks, were distributed across the path of the German spearhead. On 16 May, Georges realised that the Panzer divisions might reach the coast and outflank all the Allied armies to the north of them. He asked for the 23rd Division to defend the 2465:

to kill the survivors. All but two of the Norfolks were killed and their bodies buried in a shallow pit. Privates Albert Pooley and William O'Callaghan, hiding in a pigsty, were discovered later by the farm's owner, Mme Creton and her son. The two soldiers were later captured by a

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of the 1st Division. The North Staffords advanced as far as the Kortekeer River, while the Grenadiers managed to reach the Ypres–Comines Canal but could not hold it. The counter-attack disrupted the Germans, holding them back a little longer while the BEF continued its retreat.

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river, with thousands of lines-of-communication troops but only the 157th Infantry Brigade, 52nd (Lowland) Division was in contact with the Germans, occupying successive defensive positions. The French armies were forced into divergent retreats, with no obvious front line.

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was forced to retreat. (French heavy tanks were still on trains south of Antwerp.) The Seventh Army retired from the Bergen op Zoom–Turnhout Canal Line 20 mi (32 km) from Antwerp, to Lierre 10 mi (16 km) away on 12 May; on 14 May the Dutch surrendered.

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After 1918, the prospect of war seemed so remote, that Government expenditure on the armed forces was determined by the assumption that no great war was likely. Spending varied from year to year and between the services but from July 1928 to March 1932, the formula of the

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in September and the loss of the 35 divisions of the Czechoslovak Army, the Cabinet approved a plan for a ten-division army equipped for continental operations and a similar-sized TA, in early 1939. By reacting to events, the British Cabinet made it inevitable that

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The push by Army Group A towards the coast, combined with the approach of Army Group B from the north-east, left the BEF enveloped on three sides and by 21 May, the BEF had been cut off from its supply depots south of the Somme. The British counter-attacked at the

1224:(27 May – 4 June). The British tried to re-build the BEF with Home Forces divisions training in Britain, troops evacuated from France and lines-of-communications troops south of the Somme river (informally known as the 2nd BEF) but BEF GHQ was not reopened. 2221:

The plan for the BEF withdrawal was that under cover of darkness, units would thin-out their front and make a phased and orderly withdrawal before the Germans realised what was happening. The objective for the night of 16/17 May was the Charleroi to

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Division arrived. A Brigade managed to force its way out but lost the wireless truck for liaison with the 51st (Highland) Division and Stanley-Clarke ordered Arkforce on to Le Havre. On 9 June, the Admiralty ordered Le Havre to be evacuated and the

2084:(14–15 May) GQG realised that the main German attack had come further south, through the Ardennes. The French success in Belgium contributed to the disaster on the Meuse at Sedan and on 16 May, Blanchard was ordered to retreat to the French border. 2187:

Little material damage was done to the Second Army but morale collapsed. In the French 55 Division at Sedan, some troops began to straggle to the rear and in the evening panic spread through the division. German troops attacked across the river at

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of the 4th Division to join the 5th Division at Messines Ridge. The 10th and 11th Brigades managed to clear the ridge of Germans and by 28 May, the brigades were dug in east of Wytschaete. Brooke ordered a counter-attack led by the 3rd Battalion,

1095:. The BEF existed from 2 September 1939 when the BEF GHQ was formed until 31 May 1940, when GHQ closed down and its troops reverted to the command of Home Forces. During the 1930s, the British government had planned to deter war by abolishing the 2748:

but this contradicted earlier plans for the IX Corps retirement and Dill hesitated, ignorant that the original plan was untenable. Karslake urged that the retirement be accelerated but had no authority to issue orders. Only after contacting the

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the German invasion of France and the Low Countries commenced. The French Seventh Army drove forward on the northern flank and advanced elements reached Breda on 11 May. The French collided with the 9th Panzer Division and the advance of the

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on the coast, which left the British units holding 18 mi (29 km) of the front line, 44 mi (71 km) of the Bresle and 55 mi (89 km) of the Andelle–Béthune line, with the rest of IX Corps on the right flank.

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were neutral and free of Allied or German military forces and for troops along the Maginot Line, inactivity and an undue reliance on the fortifications, which were believed to be impenetrable, led to "Tommy Rot" (portrayed in the song

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British and Allied ships were covered by five RAF fighter squadrons in France, assisted by aircraft from England as they embarked British, Polish and Czech troops, civilians and equipment from the French Atlantic ports, particularly

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if possible and certainly to Breda. The Seventh Army was to take post between the Belgian and Dutch armies turning east, a distance of 109 mi (175 km), against German armies only 56 mi (90 km) distant from Breda.

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arrived in December. By 19 October, the BEF had received 25,000 vehicles to complete the first wave. The majority of the troops were stationed along the Franco-Belgian border but British divisions took turns to serve with the French

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In Belgium, German glider troops captured fort Eben-Emael by noon on 11 May; the disaster forced the Belgians to retreat to a line from Antwerp to Louvain on 12 May, far too soon for the French First Army to arrive and dig in. The

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be moved from behind the Maginot Line. All but one division were either side of the junction of the two armies, GQG being more concerned about a German attack past the north end of the Maginot Line and then south-east through the

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would need a big increase in ammunition and the refurbishment of its tank forces. The field force continued to be the least-favoured part of the least-favoured military arm and in February 1938, the Secretary of State for War,

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French, scheduled to reach the assembly area in France on the thirtieth day after mobilisation. Until this commitment, no staff work had been done, there was no information about French ports and railways and no modern maps.

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night Brooke was told that he was no longer under French command and must prepare to withdraw the British forces from France. Marshall-Cornwall was ordered to take command of all British forces under the Tenth Army as

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Caudebec and ships at Quillebeuf at the river mouth. The Navy got 2,222 British troops from Le Havre to England and 8,837 were taken to Cherbourg to join the forces being assembled for the new II Corps (Second BEF).

2114:. The 3rd Division (II Corps) took the north with the 1st Division and 2nd Division (I Corps) the south, some battalions defending a frontage double that recommended in British manuals. The rest of the BEF formed a 1986:

to link with the Dutch. The Seventh Army, on the left flank of the Dyle manoeuvre, would be linked to it and if the Seventh Army crossed into the Netherlands, the left flank of the 1st Army Group was to advance to

3155:. The prisoners were then sent by rail to POW camps in Germany. The majority (those below the rank of corporal) then worked in German industry and agriculture for five years. An intelligence report by the German 5358: 1426:(with the assistance of the TA). In 1938, "limited liability" reached its apogee, just as rearmament was maturing and the army was considering the "new conspectus", a much more ambitious rearmament plan. 9105: 3014:

but informal departures continued from French Mediterranean ports until 14 August. From Operation Cycle at Le Havre, elsewhere along the Channel coast, to the termination of Operation Aerial, another

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and Nantes. Dieppe was the main BEF medical base and Le Havre the principal supply and ordnance source. The main BEF ammunition depot and its infantry, machine-gun and base depots were around Rouen,

1891:

of the 1st Infantry Division, killed on 9 December 1939, when his patrol set off a booby-trap and was fired upon by friendly troops. By November 1939, the French had decided that a defence along the

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and the Dives river, where the British took over an 8 mi (13 km) front. German forces followed up quickly and on 16 June, Altmayer ordered the army to retreat into the Brittany peninsula.

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On 31 May, GHQ BEF closed and 2 June, Brooke visited the War Office and was given command of a new II Corps, comprising the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division and the 1st Armoured Division, with the

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cycles and 45,000 cars and lorries, 76,697 long tons (77,928 t) of ammunition, 415,940 long tons (422,615 t) of supplies and equipment and 164,929 long tons (167,576 t) of petrol.

1720:"). Morale was high amongst the British troops but the limited extent of German actions by 9 May 1940, led many to assume that there would not be much chance of a big German attack in that area. 3147:

For every seven soldiers who escaped through Dunkirk, one man was left behind as a prisoner of war. The majority of these prisoners were sent on forced marches into Germany to towns such as

2576:, the officer commanding the evacuation, received the signal "BEF evacuated"; the French began to fall back slowly. By 3 June, the Germans were 2 mi (3.2 km) from Dunkirk and at 2461:. The 99 prisoners were marched to farm buildings on a nearby farm and lined up alongside a barn wall. They were then fired upon by two machine-guns; Knöchlein then armed his men with 176: 2270:

on 20 May; in the process they were caught in the open by elements of 6th and 8th Panzer Divisions, from which only a few hundred survivors escaped. The 69th Brigade defended

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36,000 long tons (36,578 t) tons of ammunition, 25,000 long tons (25,401 t) of petrol and 60,000 long tons (60,963 t) of frozen meat had been landed in France.

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Antwerp. For the next four months, the Dutch and Belgian armies laboured over their defences, the BEF expanded and the French army received more equipment and training.

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and later defended the Dunkirk perimeter. By the end of 20 May, the divisions had ceased to exist, in most cases having only delayed the German advance by a few hours.

9095: 6951: 5303:'Then what could Chamberlain do, other than what Chamberlain did'? A Synthesis and Analysis of the Alternatives to Chamberlain's Policy of Appeasing Germany, 1936–1939 3025:

British troops. Left behind in France was eight to ten divisions' worth of equipment and ammunition. As troops returned to Britain, they increased the manpower of the

1334:(RASC) had been mechanised, some of the artillery could be moved by tractors, and a few engineer, signals and cavalry units had received lorries. From 1930–1934, the 8956: 6967: 4579:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II. London: Macmillan. 1667: 7294: 2835:

comprising the 154th Infantry Brigade, A Brigade of the Beauman Division, two artillery regiments and engineers to guard Le Havre. Arkforce moved on the night of

1704: 6890: 6862: 6006: 5333: 8935: 7614: 7301: 6428: 1319:...that it should be assumed for the purpose of framing the estimates of the fighting services that at any given date there will be no major war for ten years. 782: 169: 2596:

and some Belgian troops, were evacuated from Dunkirk between 26 May and 4 June, though having to abandon much of their equipment, vehicles and heavy weapons.

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on the French Atlantic coast two days later. German submarines had been held back by Hitler to avoid provoking the Allies and only a few mines were laid near

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from production. Deliveries of 25-pounder field guns had increased to about 35 per month by June but the establishment of one infantry division was 72 guns.

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to Dieppe and two were sunk in the approach channel. Beach parties landed at Le Havre on 10 June and the evacuation began on 11 June, hindered somewhat by

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Military Mission at GQG and receiving a message that the 51st (Highland) Division was retreating with IX Corps towards Le Havre, did Dill learn the truth.

7387: 6876: 6492: 5625: 5216: 5902: 3985: 1761: 1573: 1616:, the French commander of the North-eastern Theatre of Operations, with the right of appeal to the British government. The BEF was to assemble on the 7273: 6713: 6589: 2817:

Fortune signalled that it might still be possible to escape the next night, then discovered that the local French commander had already surrendered.

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then withdrew behind the First Army, which had arrived at the Dyle Line. On 15 May, the Germans attacked the First Army along the Dyle, causing the

6566: 5946: 2392: 2388: 1544:...the size of the Army was bound to be adjusted to what the French thought was the least they needed and the British the most that they could do. 7003: 6315: 5756: 1120:

was appointed to the command of the BEF on 3 September 1939 and the BEF began moving to France on 4 September 1939. The BEF assembled along the

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cycles. 32,303 long tons (32,821 t) of ammunition, 33,060 long tons (33,591 t) of stores, 1,071 long tons (1,088 t) of petrol,

7621: 7584: 7561: 7075: 5997: 5967: 2118:

back to the River Escaut. The Dyle north of Louvain was occupied by Belgian troops who refused to give way, even when Brooke appealed to the

1177:, but the 1st Army Group had to retreat rapidly through Belgium and north-western France, after the German breakthrough further south at the 7336: 1905: 7714: 7570: 7554: 7526: 6767: 5974: 5746: 4527:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series (facs. pbk. repr. Naval & Military Press, Uckfield ed.). London: 9085: 8471: 7538: 7450: 7394: 7357: 6632: 744: 475: 1757:(St Pol) in French Flanders, on the understanding that they would not be called upon to fight before they had completed their training. 7443: 6168: 2794:

craft had been assembled but few had wireless; thick fog ruined visual signalling and prevented the ships from moving inshore. Only at

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along the Ypres–Comines canal as far as Yser, while the rest of the BEF fell back. At mid-day on 27 May, the Germans attacked south of

2379:

of the 2nd Infantry Division provided rearguards during the evacuation of troops from Dunkirk. The 2nd Royal Norfolks held the line at

775: 2507:

with three divisions. German infantry infiltrated through the defenders and forced them back. On 27 May, Brooke ordered Major-General

8949: 7577: 5960: 5918: 5736: 2813:; 2,137 British and 1,184 French troops were evacuated. Near dawn, the troops at the harbour were ordered back into the town and at 1800: 1771:

ready for field service, in I Corps, II Corps, III Corps and Saar Force. BEF GHQ commanded the Field Force and the BEF Air Component

20: 3955: 8798: 6610: 6384: 6147: 6013: 5824: 5586: 5381: 2326:. On May 26, Gort ordered the BEF to withdraw to Dunkirk, the only port from which the BEF could still escape. In his biography of 2010: 3286:

was awarded for the Battle of France, but servicemen who had spent 180 days in France between 3 September 1939 and 9 May 1940, or

7693: 7490: 7142: 6520: 6020: 5932: 5868: 3092:

British troops. In 2001, Brodhurst wrote that many civilians escaped from French Atlantic and Mediterranean ports to England via

2737: 2685:, relieved the French opposite the Abbeville–St Valery bridgehead. The Beauman Division held a 55 mi (89 km) line from 2457:

unit, notorious for their ruthlessness, had been engaged in mopping-up operations against Allied forces to the north and east of

2288:

en route; the survivors were able to withdraw to Dieppe and later fought on the Seine Crossings. The 139th Brigade fought on the

2282:

and Abbeville. The 138th Brigade of the 46th Division fought on the Canal Line but the 137th Brigade trains were attacked by the

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and Georges ordered them out. The British infantry began to arrive on the Dyle on 11 May and dug in screened by light tanks and

7896: 7408: 6251: 5789: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5421: 5343: 2682: 2512: 2127:

Further south, the river was only about 15 ft (4.6 m) wide, preventing tanks from crossing but passable by infantry.

2049: 1796: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1671: 1217: 3018:

troops were rescued, bringing the total of military and civilian personnel returned to Britain during the Battle of France to

9080: 8492: 8397: 7924: 7670: 7545: 6624: 6598: 6455: 6161: 6078: 5476: 5139: 5120: 5094: 5048: 5022: 5000: 4970: 4944: 4925: 4906: 4874: 4855: 4836: 4817: 4748: 4708: 4689: 4666: 4640: 4614: 4565: 4536: 4504: 4465: 4443: 2798:

at the east end of the perimeter, were many soldiers rescued, under fire from German artillery, which damaged the destroyers

2500: 2483: 1045: 768: 739: 326: 215: 5249:

Manpower and Organisational Problems in the Expansion of the British and other Commonwealth Armies during the Two World Wars

4407: 1247:(15–25 June, unofficially to 14 August). The Navy rescued 558,032 people, including 368,491 British troops but the BEF lost 8725: 8132: 8018: 7183: 6643: 6639: 6617: 6221: 4427: 3051: 2551: 1876:. The British began to dig trenches, weapons pits and pill boxes of the Gort Line. The first BEF fatality was 27-year-old 8640: 8104: 7436: 7422: 6628: 5490: 3030: 2489: 1884: 3151:, the march taking as long as twenty days. Others were moved on foot to the river Scheldt and were sent by barge to the 530: 8849: 8718: 8596: 8174: 7889: 7840: 7598: 7153: 6398: 6237: 6085: 5939: 5605: 3159:, which had been engaged against the BEF from the Dyle line to the coast, was circulated to the divisions training for 2861:

across the channel, accompanied by six British and two Canadian destroyers, smaller craft and Dutch coasters (known as

950: 593: 243: 8965: 7847: 7819: 7636: 7218: 6930: 6897: 5710: 5675: 2708: 2569:

on 1 June. The French held the Germans back while the last troops were evacuated and just before midnight on 2 June,

1812: 1358: 1201: 1108: 1017: 999: 292: 6113: 1342:

gained its establishment of wheeled vehicles and half of its tracked vehicles, except for tanks. From 1923 to 1932,

9002: 8160: 8097: 7232: 7061: 6184: 5720: 5635: 5465: 2725: 2035: 1742: 6738: 4771:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I (4th impr. ed.). London: HMSO. 2930:

evacuations. The German advance began again during the day, with the 157th Infantry Brigade Group engaged east of

2898: 8526: 8367: 8356: 8192: 7951: 7910: 7803: 7741: 7121: 6391: 6260: 6228: 4606: 3026: 2681:

the 51st Highland Division (formerly Saar Force) a Composite Regiment and the remnants of the 1st Support Group,

2106:

on 10 May, cheered on by Belgian civilians. The BEF sector ran along the Dyle about 22 mi (35 km) from

1936: 1700: 1609: 1265: 1131: 143: 6908: 6476: 1578: 8912: 8884: 8762: 8555: 7792: 7243: 7169: 6958: 6329: 6048: 5953: 5838: 5655: 2847: 2729: 1961: 1717: 2669:

setting off panic and the spread of alarmist reports. Beauman ordered the digging of a defence line along the

1099:

and rearming from the very low level of readiness of the early 1930s. The bulk of the extra money went to the

8972: 8905: 8856: 8787: 8612: 8118: 8069: 7833: 7826: 7429: 7190: 6974: 6027: 5460: 5230: 3928: 2496: 1335: 1312: 1052: 229: 3989: 9046: 8942: 8317: 8278: 7197: 7025: 7010: 6937: 6916: 6734: 6412: 6198: 6191: 6175: 5886: 5845: 5817: 5445: 5440: 2525: 1746: 1163: 835: 186: 4937:

Monty's Functional Doctrine. Combined Arms Doctrine in British 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe 1944–45

3218: 3077:, the British official historian, wrote that by the end of the informal evacuations on 14 August, another 2451:), which had been fighting another isolated BEF unit, the Royal Scots, at an adjacent farm. The Knöchlein 697: 9009: 8333: 8285: 7903: 7875: 7728: 7343: 7322: 6836: 6499: 6405: 5895: 5545: 5520: 5455: 5450: 5435: 5059: 4762: 4596: 4518: 3242: 1916: 1776: 992: 285: 542: 8807: 8303: 8222: 8167: 8055: 8011: 7661: 7287: 7211: 7106: 6983: 6855: 6848: 6808: 6781: 6513: 6446: 6041: 5852: 5782: 5751: 5550: 5540: 5515: 5500: 2917: 1415: 905: 712: 707: 677: 569: 401: 5705: 9075: 8709: 8626: 8411: 8271: 8243: 8076: 7981: 7771: 7204: 6271: 5925: 5741: 5615: 5535: 5525: 5505: 5495: 3230: 3156: 3011: 2777:

The retreat to the coast began after dark and the last troops slipped away from the Béthune river at

2662: 2139:. German bridgeheads across the Dyle were either eliminated or contained by British counter-attacks. 2081: 1723: 1675: 1617: 1121: 1035: 1006: 987: 576: 316: 299: 280: 205: 6469: 2998:

and crew were saved but thousands of troops, RAF personnel and civilians were on board and at least

2192:

and had gained three footholds on the west bank by nightfall. The French and the RAF managed to fly

2015: 1852:

patrols. The section of the Franco-Belgian border to be held by the BEF at that time stretched from

8448: 8425: 7677: 7478: 7471: 7128: 6788: 6760: 6753: 6140: 5645: 5530: 5510: 5485: 5276:

The Management of Change: Mechanizing the British Regular and Household Cavalry Regiments 1918–1942

4435: 2712: 2266:

The 70th Brigade of the 23rd Division dug in on the Canal Line but was ordered to withdraw towards

1822: 1663: 1331: 1114: 1040: 982: 924: 640: 321: 275: 6485: 6462: 5160:(Report). Digests and Lessons of Recent Military Operations. U. S. War Department, General Staff. 3266: 8870: 8814: 8684: 8544: 8229: 7882: 7778: 7684: 7252: 7113: 7083: 7047: 7032: 6904: 6796: 6774: 6720: 6706: 6688: 6352: 6133: 5861: 5810: 5700: 5690: 5640: 5080: 4522: 3003: 2546: 2368: 2331: 1788: 1185:(21 May) was a considerable tactical success but the BEF, French and Belgian forces north of the 929: 820: 702: 535: 525: 350: 5373: 4475:

Bond, B.; Taylor, M. D. "Introduction: Preparing the Field Force, February 1939 – May 1940". In

3206: 841: 8562: 8455: 8257: 8208: 8111: 8004: 7974: 7757: 7645: 7371: 7162: 6746: 6727: 6697: 6244: 6214: 5410: 2372: 2323: 2302: 1754: 1182: 1178: 1159: 857: 847: 825: 814: 749: 365: 355: 340: 3254: 2565:

assumed command of the German forces on the Dunkirk perimeter and planned a bigger attack for

2443: 9053: 8776: 8619: 8515: 8485: 8441: 8181: 8146: 8139: 8062: 7960: 7401: 7378: 7225: 6829: 6366: 6106: 6092: 5775: 5610: 4965:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I. London: HMSO. 4918:

A Forgotten Campaign: The British Armed Forces in France 1940 – From Dunkirk to the Armistice

2425: 2396: 2132: 2080:

that Gamelin had tried to avoid. The First Army repulsed the XVI Panzer Corps but during the

1944: 1829: 1084: 886: 621: 559: 437: 389: 6664: 5301: 5274: 5247: 5221:(Monograph). School of Advanced Military Studies US Army Command and General Staff College. 5189: 2654: 1817: 8877: 8732: 8383: 8340: 8310: 8236: 8046: 8025: 6944: 6421: 6099: 5575: 5338: 4766: 2570: 2384: 2274:

and the 12th Division fought to delay 2nd Panzer Division on the Canal Line near Arras, at

2119: 1888: 967: 957: 830: 734: 629: 463: 345: 260: 250: 2562: 2238:

and the Escaut to Antwerp (the Dendre Line), and finally on 18/19 May, to the Escaut from

8: 8995: 8769: 8647: 8603: 8125: 7259: 7018: 6545: 6375: 6359: 6308: 5715: 5680: 5670: 5630: 5595: 4600: 4577:

Military Operations France and Belgium, 1915: Battles of Aubers Ridge, Festubert and Loos

3959: 2909: 2750: 2614: 2359: 2348: 1860:, then south to the junction of the border and the River Escaut (the French name for the 1768: 1692: 1633: 1592: 1431: 1392: 1221: 1209: 1125: 972: 881: 692: 654: 607: 600: 564: 499: 384: 265: 5157: 2952: 2702: 2435: 2180:

began bombing the French defences around Sedan and continued for eight hours with about

1910: 8988: 8821: 8746: 8700: 8670: 8578: 8418: 8083: 7967: 7861: 7812: 7750: 7506: 7457: 7266: 6883: 6538: 6336: 4985: 3291: 3035: 2542: 2508: 2327: 2319: 2099: 2077: 1783:. GHQ consisted of men from Headquarters (HQ) Troops (consisting of the 1st Battalion, 1780: 1605: 1193:

on the French North Sea coast soon after, British and French troops being evacuated in

874: 867: 852: 717: 511: 504: 442: 375: 360: 221: 37: 4987:

British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations

2674: 2448: 1292: 8979: 8863: 8753: 8693: 8654: 8587: 8569: 8535: 8478: 8432: 8376: 8201: 7939: 7931: 7868: 7721: 7315: 6840: 6301: 6280: 5990: 5685: 5600: 5307: 5280: 5253: 5222: 5195: 5161: 5135: 5116: 5090: 5067: 5044: 5018: 4996: 4966: 4940: 4921: 4902: 4870: 4851: 4832: 4813: 4796: 4772: 4744: 4727: 4704: 4685: 4662: 4655: 4650: 4636: 4610: 4580: 4561: 4553: 4532: 4500: 4461: 4439: 3905: 3160: 2799: 2686: 2580:

on 4 June, the Germans hoisted the swastika over the docks. Before Operation Dynamo,

2538: 1836: 1584: 1302: 1298: 1208:

for training. The force fought with local French units after 10 May, then joined the

977: 862: 668: 661: 635: 614: 518: 415: 370: 270: 42: 5064:

Design and Development of Weapons: Studies in Government and Industrial Organisation

4991:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Civil Series. Vol. I. London: 2629:

Allied forces north of the Somme were cut off by the German advance on the night of

8898: 8891: 8835: 8499: 8264: 8250: 8153: 8090: 8041: 7854: 7707: 7654: 7464: 7415: 7329: 6552: 6529: 6062: 5695: 3121: 2958: 2947: 2931: 2883: 2795: 2767: 2610: 2521: 2471: 2115: 2064: 2006: 1832: 1649: 1613: 1402: 1338:(TA) artillery, engineer, signals units were equipped with lorries and in 1938 the 1244: 1213: 1194: 1147: 1092: 1030: 935: 806: 792: 647: 586: 547: 333: 304: 6071: 4959: 2362:, part of the 3rd Division, awaiting evacuation at Bray Dunes, near Dunkirk, 1940. 1741:

From January to April 1940, eight Territorial divisions arrived in France but the

8921: 8633: 8548: 8506: 8404: 8347: 8215: 7997: 7988: 7517: 7092: 7068: 6322: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 4758: 4411: 4404: 3101: 2913: 2851: 2832: 2826: 2408: 2307: 2093: 1792: 1772: 1625: 1240: 1104: 1023: 918: 891: 687: 552: 480: 432: 394: 309: 9033: 5132:

Useless Mouths: The British Army's Battles in France after Dunkirk May–June 1940

2781:

Units were ordered to dump non-essential equipment and each gun were reduced to

1624:

on 4 September under "Plan W4" and the first troop convoy left the ports on the

1146:(3 September 1939 to 9 May 1940) digging field defences on the border. When the 8928: 8464: 8390: 6435: 6294: 5660: 5010: 3283: 2984: 2866: 2855: 2716: 2573: 2310:

ports were at risk of capture. Fresh troops were rushed from England to defend

2251:

The three Territorial divisions, which had arrived in April equipped only with

2136: 2128: 1849: 1423: 962: 470: 255: 210: 154: 5066:. History of the Second World War. United Kingdom Civil Series. London: HMSO. 2424:

company they had been fighting but rather to the 2nd Infantry Regiment of the

1970: 1853: 9069: 8739: 6657: 6506: 6345: 5665: 5620: 5311: 5284: 5257: 5032: 4980: 4800: 4776: 4731: 4514: 3136:

anti-aircraft guns and anti-tank guns were destroyed or abandoned along with

3128: 2741: 2658: 2279: 2256: 1880: 1641: 1612:(Lord Gort) to the command of the BEF on 3 September, subordinate to General 1536: 1287: 1096: 1059: 910: 581: 406: 236: 95: 5374:

British army groups, armies, commands, and corps during the Second World War

5226: 5199: 5165: 5115:(Cassell Military Paperbacks repr. ed.). London: Simon & Schuster. 4584: 3673: 3330: 941: 9038: 8842: 7135: 7040: 6671: 6034: 5798: 4592: 3586: 3074: 2926: 2289: 2227: 2123: 1952: 1784: 1696: 1339: 1205: 1174: 1088: 1080: 456: 5194:(PhD thesis). Registration. King's College London (University of London). 5071: 3002:

died. Some equipment was embarked but ignorance about the progress of the

2636: 2380: 45:

of the 13/18th Royal Hussars during an exercise near Vimy, 11 October 1939

8677: 8663: 8325: 6994: 6815: 6800: 6154: 4954: 4939:. Wolverhampton military studies (pbk. repr. ed.). Warwick: Helion. 2492: 2376: 1729: 1712: 1629: 1411: 1378:

three weeks to mobilise only an infantry division and a cavalry brigade.

1197:(26 May – 4 June) to England after the capitulation of the Belgian army. 1186: 682: 485: 5218:

Strength Against Weakness: The Campaign In Western Europe, May–June 1940

4722:. History of the Second World War: United Kingdom Civil Series. London: 3833: 3290:

in France or Belgium between 10 May and 19 June 1940, qualified for the

3010:

The official evacuation ended on 25 June, according to the terms of the

2387:, while the 2nd Royal Norfolks and 1st Royal Scots held the villages of 8032: 7785: 7764: 6650: 5983: 5911: 5040: 4558:

The Seeds of Disaster: The Development of French Army Doctrine, 1919–39

4453: 3725: 2972: 2934:

with the Tenth Army, which was ordered back to a line from Verneuil to

2873: 2400: 2252: 2223: 1845: 1621: 1569: 1375: 1350:

year, just under half being six-wheeler lorries. By 1936, the army had

1143: 1100: 422: 199: 2353: 2147: 1943:) defended the Channel coast to the west end of the Maginot Line. The 8295: 7700: 7497: 7308: 7099: 7054: 5650: 4121: 3310:

It is a French convention to list military forces from left to right.

3093: 2978: 2642: 2619: 2467: 2239: 2210: 1892: 1825: 1523: 1170: 1153: 1117: 729: 6575: 2650: 1728:

Troops from the first contingent of the BEF embarking for France at

1397: 9106:

Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II

6559: 6287: 4560:(Stackpole, Mechanicsburg, PA ed.). Hamden, CT: Archon Books. 4056: 4016: 3845: 2935: 2761: 2646: 2318:

but after hard fighting, both ports were captured by 26 May in the

2311: 2275: 2235: 2231: 1920: 1877: 1765: 1236: 1230: 1011: 899: 760: 427: 3761: 3737: 3713: 3065: 2983:

attacked the evacuation ships and on 17 June, sank the troopship

2670: 2556:

British and French troops evacuated from Dunkirk arrive at Dover.

2462: 2458: 2200:

sorties on the Sedan bridges on 14 May but only in formations of

2107: 1988: 1873: 1861: 1733: 1708: 1190: 4829:

Soldiers of Destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933–1945

3423: 1844:

The period from September 1939 to 10 May 1940 was known as the "

1243:(10–13 June) and the French Atlantic and Mediterranean ports in 7176: 5767: 4386: 2862: 2690: 2334:

described Gort's order as 'the greatest decision of his life'.

2315: 2267: 2260: 2021: 1978: 1865: 1637: 1596: 1158:) began on 10 May 1940, the BEF constituted 10 per cent of the 4166: 4164: 1608:

by Germany on 1 September 1939, the Cabinet appointed General

7364: 4678:

1940 The Last Act: The Story of the British Forces in France

4289: 4287: 4272: 3869: 3809: 3148: 3057: 2991: 2839:

towards Fécamp, where most had passed through before the 7th

2561:

The Germans failed to capture Dunkirk and on 31 May, General

2504: 2271: 2111: 2039: 1983: 1869: 1857: 1645: 5158:

The German Campaign in Poland September 1 to October 5, 1939

4609:

United Kingdom Military Series. Naval & Military Press.

3797: 3574: 3523: 1227:

After the success of the second German offensive in France (

5086: 4992: 4723: 4528: 4314: 4224: 4212: 4161: 4149: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4044: 4032: 3201:

German advances through The Netherlands, Belgium and France

3152: 3061: 2416:

but despite the lack of support the Norfolks held on until

1674:

began to take over the front line allocated to the BEF and

1107:

but plans were made to re-equip a small number of Army and

4484:

Brodhurst, R. "The Royal Navy's Role in the Campaign". In

4362: 4284: 4200: 4004: 2226:

Canal (the Line of the Senne), the following night to the

4983:; Thomas, E. E.; Ransom, C. F. G.; Knight, R. C. (1979). 4793:

The Great Wall of France: The Triumph of the Maginot Line

4374: 3958:. British Military & Criminal History. Archived from 3749: 3627: 3625: 3439: 3401: 3399: 3384: 3360: 2511:

to extend the 3rd Division line to the left, freeing the

4338: 4304: 4302: 4092: 4080: 4068: 3893: 3785: 3773: 3701: 3689: 1848:", which consisted of little more than minor clashes by 1779:(AASF) long-range bomber force was under the control of 5058:

Postan, Michael Moissey; Hay, D.; Scott, J. D. (1964).

3881: 3857: 3821: 3661: 3610: 3564: 3562: 3463: 2213:

on the Channel coast, cutting off the northern armies.

1330:

motorising the cavalry and the artillery. By 1930, the

6429:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

3649: 3637: 3622: 3598: 3396: 2908:

By 13 June, the Germans were across the Seine and the

4299: 2903:

A column of British soldiers retreating in June 1940.

2246: 1235:), the 2nd BEF and Allied troops were evacuated from 9101:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1940

4741:

The Waffen-SS at War: Hitler's Praetorians 1925–1945

4350: 4326: 4260: 4248: 4236: 4188: 4176: 4137: 4109: 3559: 3451: 3372: 1803:, HQ Royal Artillery and the 5th Infantry Division. 1124:. The BEF took their post to the left of the French 4458:

The Battle for France & Flanders Sixty Years On

3535: 3499: 3487: 3475: 3411: 2495:, was ordered to conduct a holding action with the 9091:Field armies of the United Kingdom in World War II 4984: 4958: 4654: 3929:"Massacre of Royal Norfolk Soldiers At Le Paradis" 3348: 2584:were embarked from Dunkirk; most of the remaining 1574:British Expeditionary Force order of battle (1940) 1173:, a rapid advance into Belgium to the line of the 9096:Military units and formations established in 1939 3547: 3511: 3056:Exhausted British troops rest on the quayside at 2957:British troops being evacuated from Brest during 2689:, 11 mi (18 km) south-east of Rouen to 2407:German forces attacked the farmhouse with tanks, 1087:in 1939 after Britain and France declared war on 9067: 5334:British Military History: France and Norway 1940 4807: 4392: 4062: 3911: 3851: 3839: 3767: 3743: 3731: 3719: 3592: 2070:the first ever tank-against-tank battle and the 1128:under the command of the French 1st Army Group ( 184: 16:British Army in Western Europe from 1939 to 1940 5757:Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force 4430:(2002) . Danchev, Alex; Todman, Daniel (eds.). 1297:Early mechanisation of the Royal Artillery; an 1204:and reinforcements, had taken over part of the 1212:south of the Somme, along with the improvised 5783: 5359: 5017:(Penguin repr. ed.). London: Macmillan. 4831:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 4657:The Fall of France: The Nazi Invasion of 1940 3988:(in German). Uwe Schweisfurth. Archived from 776: 170: 5113:The Battle of France, 1940: 10 May – 22 June 5082:Royal Air Force 1939–1945: The Fight At Odds 5037:Strange Victory: Hitler's Conquest of France 3979: 3977: 2976: 2877: 2840: 2634: 2452: 2441: 2433: 2283: 2175: 2071: 2058: 2043: 1965: 1956: 1947: 1929: 1703:, reinforced by additional units and called 1228: 1151: 1137: 1129: 123: 116: 5279:(PhD thesis). University of Wolverhampton. 3132:were recovered. During the BEF evacuations 1899: 1181:(12–15 May). A local counter-attack at the 5790: 5776: 5366: 5352: 4485: 4476: 4474: 4434:(Phoenix Press, London ed.). London: 4426: 4155: 2038:was stopped by German infantry, tanks and 2020:British armoured vehicles passing through 783: 769: 177: 163: 19:For force during the First World War, see 4483: 4344: 3974: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3163:. The report said of the men of the BEF, 2604: 1801:1st Light Armoured Reconnaissance Brigade 1437: 1346:vehicles were ordered at a rate of about 21:British Expeditionary Force (World War I) 4864: 4848:The British Army in France After Dunkirk 4675: 4633:Monty: The Making of a General 1887–1942 4630: 4602:The War in France and Flanders 1939–1940 4552: 4456:(2001). Bond, B.; Taylor, M. D. (eds.). 4230: 4170: 4050: 4038: 3983: 3887: 3863: 3815: 3755: 3667: 3655: 3631: 3616: 3050: 3007:and 11,000 machine-guns were abandoned. 2951: 2897: 2893: 2760: 2701: 2618: 2550: 2352: 2146: 2014: 2011:Order of battle for the Battle of France 1955:), BEF (General Lord Gort), First Army ( 1909: 1816: 1722: 1577: 1396: 1291: 5085:. Vol. I (pbk. ed.). London: 4768:The War at Sea 1939–1945: The Defensive 4757: 4698: 4649: 4574: 4513: 4494: 4368: 4320: 4293: 4218: 4206: 4010: 3915: 3899: 3803: 3791: 3779: 3707: 3695: 3683: 3643: 3604: 3378: 2738:157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade 2633:which isolated the BEF from its supply 1982:that the Seventh Army would advance to 9068: 7644: 7622:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 4850:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 4845: 4826: 4738: 4717: 4635:. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. 4308: 4131: 4026: 4022: 3943: 3827: 3568: 3469: 3457: 3445: 3429: 3417: 3405: 3390: 3366: 3354: 2470:unit and spent the rest of the war as 2342: 2184:in the biggest air attack in history. 1563: 8493:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 7925:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 7571:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 7527:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 6625:Rape during the occupation of Germany 5771: 5347: 5191:The War Office and Rearmament 1935–39 4591: 4380: 4356: 4332: 4278: 4266: 4254: 4242: 4194: 4182: 4143: 4127: 4115: 4103: 4086: 4074: 3875: 3580: 3541: 3529: 3505: 3493: 3433: 3108:Much military equipment was lost but 2477: 2337: 2152:2005 photograph of a French SOMUA S35 2135:in the southern sector was awarded a 764: 158: 7615:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 6640:Rape during the liberation of France 4790: 4452: 3921: 3679: 3553: 3517: 3481: 1775:(RAF) of about 500 aircraft but the 1620:and advanced parties of troops left 1386: 790: 5306:(PhD thesis). Kingston University. 5229:. Docket ADA 184718. Archived from 4661:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3986:"Ritterkreuzträger Fritz Knöchlein" 2941: 2063:fought the XVI Panzer Corps in the 1707:took over part of the French line. 94:Field operations in France and the 13: 9086:Expeditionary units and formations 7841:German invasion of the Netherlands 6114:Weather events during World War II 5606:Allied Land Forces South East Asia 4885: 2677:to protect Dieppe and Rouen. From 2247:Loss of the construction divisions 2087: 2036:25 Division d'Infanterie Motorisée 14: 9117: 8472:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 5327: 5252:(PhD thesis). London University. 4701:Dunkirk: The Men They Left Behind 4524:The Defence of the United Kingdom 2709:Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders 2484:Battle of the Ypres–Comines Canal 2420:when they ran out of ammunition. 2000: 1928:By May 1940, the 1st Army Group ( 1202:51st (Highland) Infantry Division 9032: 5797: 5156:War Department (31 March 1942). 4795:(1st ed.). London: Putnam. 3277: 3265: 3253: 3241: 3229: 3217: 3205: 3085:by Operation Dynamo, a total of 2726:52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division 2599: 1885:King's Shropshire Light Infantry 1743:12th (Eastern) Infantry Division 1632:on 9 September, disembarking at 1111:divisions for service overseas. 36: 4607:History of the Second World War 4398: 3304: 3288:"a single day, or part thereof" 3027:Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces 1701:51st Highland Infantry Division 1610:John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort 1266:Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces 144:John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort 8719:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 6422:Territorial changes of Germany 6330:Indonesian National Revolution 4810:Dunkirk: Fight to the Last Man 4428:Alanbrooke, Field Marshal Lord 4405:The 1939–1945 Star Regulations 3323: 3195: 2848:Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth 2730:1st Canadian Infantry Division 2216: 1962:Georges Maurice Jean Blanchard 1718:Imagine Me in the Maginot Line 1441: 1136:) of the North-Eastern Front ( 1091:on 3 September, beginning the 54:2 September 1939 – 31 May 1940 1: 8119:Japanese invasion of Thailand 8070:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 7834:German invasion of Luxembourg 6208:Mediterranean and Middle East 5015:To Lose a Battle: France 1940 4808:Sebag-Montefiore, H. (2007). 4419: 3172: 3081:had been evacuated after the 2697: 2166:day bombers being reduced to 1828:, commander of the BEF, with 1813:French war planning 1920–1940 1806: 1381: 1313:Committee of Imperial Defence 1276: 1142:). Most of the BEF spent the 9081:Commands of the British Army 8026:Invasion of the Soviet Union 7715:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 7026:Independent State of Croatia 4899:Pillar of Fire: Dunkirk 1940 3317: 3041: 2756: 2715:, holding a position in the 2526:North Staffordshire Regiment 2295: 2050:11 Division Légère Mécanisée 1747:23rd (Northumbrian) Division 1686:followed on 12 October; the 1446:December 1938 and April 1939 1281: 1169:The BEF participated in the 1079:) was the contingent of the 7: 9010:End of World War II in Asia 8850:Western invasion of Germany 8357:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 8334:Second Battle of El Alamein 7904:Hundred Regiments Offensive 7876:Battle of the Mediterranean 7729:Italian invasion of Albania 5896:Air warfare of World War II 5431:British Expeditionary Force 5314:. Docket uk.bl.ethos.440347 5287:. Docket uk.bl.ethos.596061 5260:. Docket uk.bl.ethos.286414 5202:. Docket uk.bl.ethos.289189 4867:Dunkirk: Retreat to Victory 3595:, pp. 509–511, 7, 172. 3192:missing or taken prisoner. 3046: 2820: 2665:lost contact with BEF GHQ. 2395:, protecting the battalion 2142: 1917:Royal Warwickshire Regiment 1868:, forming a salient around 1777:Advanced Air Striking Force 1527: 1521: 1511: 1508: 1498: 1495: 1483: 1480: 1470: 1467: 1073:British Expeditionary Force 31:British Expeditionary Force 10: 9122: 8936:Naval bombardment of Japan 8304:First Battle of El Alamein 8223:Battle of Christmas Island 8168:Japanese invasion of Burma 7932:Italian invasion of Greece 7848:German invasion of Belgium 7820:German invasion of Denmark 7793:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 7662:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 5919:Comparative military ranks 5752:First Allied Airborne Army 5149: 3956:"Private Pooley's Revenge" 3331:"Defeat in the West, 1940" 2945: 2824: 2719:area, France, 6 June 1940. 2707:Men of the 7th Battalion, 2608: 2536: 2532: 2481: 2358:Men of the 2nd Battalion, 2346: 2091: 2004: 1903: 1883:, from the 1st Battalion, 1810: 1583:Men of the 2nd Battalion, 1567: 1558: 1416:Secretary of State for War 1390: 1285: 1271: 1255:killed or died of wounds, 745:Raids on the Atlantic Wall 740:Strategic Bombing Campaign 18: 9025: 8857:Bratislava–Brno offensive 8797: 8788:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 8525: 8412:Allied invasion of Sicily 8366: 8272:Aleutian Islands campaign 8244:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 8191: 8182:Greek famine of 1941–1944 8077:Second Battle of Changsha 7982:German invasion of Greece 7950: 7827:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 7802: 7740: 7635: 7516: 7242: 7152: 6993: 6696: 6687: 6445: 6270: 6162:North and Central Pacific 6123: 5885: 5878: 5805: 5742:Allied Force Headquarters 5729: 5616:British Army of the Rhine 5584: 5474: 5419: 5379: 5339:London Gazette Dispatches 5215:Nelsen II, J. T. (1987). 5181: 5079:Richards, Denis (1974) . 4865:Thompson, Julian (2009). 4436:Weidenfeld & Nicolson 3682:, pp. 142–143, 148; 3012:Armistice of 22 June 1940 2375:of the 1st Battalion and 2098:The armoured cars of the 1995: 802: 196: 137: 132: 111: 101: 90: 82: 74: 66: 58: 50: 35: 30: 8449:Allied invasion of Italy 8426:Solomon Islands campaign 8175:Third Battle of Changsha 7772:First Battle of Changsha 7678:Second Sino-Japanese War 6611:German military brothels 6477:United States war crimes 4890: 4846:Tackle, Patrick (2009). 4827:Sydnor, Charles (1977). 4631:Hamilton, Nigel (1981). 4499:. London: Random House. 4486:Bond & Taylor (2001) 4477:Bond & Taylor (2001) 4460:. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. 4281:, pp. 296, 300–302. 3878:, pp. 153–170, 149. 3842:, pp. 521, 156–157. 3297: 2713:51st (Highland) Division 1900:Dyle plan, Breda variant 1791:and the 14th Battalion, 1599:, in the autumn of 1939. 1332:Royal Army Service Corps 8871:Second Guangxi campaign 8726:Philippines (1944–1945) 8230:Battle of the Coral Sea 8133:Fall of the Philippines 7779:Battle of South Guangxi 7685:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 7084:Italian Social Republic 5300:Stedman, A. D. (2007). 4935:Forrester, C. (2018) . 4575:Edmonds, J. E. (1928). 4495:Charman, Terry (2010). 3734:, pp. 512–513, 78. 3583:, pp. 19, 357–368. 3532:, pp. 20, 249–252. 2882:bombing. The troopship 2547:Little ships of Dunkirk 2524:and the 2nd Battalion, 2501:50th Infantry Divisions 2488:The II Corps commander 2170:aircraft by 12 May. At 2048:) dive-bombers, as the 2024:, Belgium, 14 May 1940. 1789:West Yorkshire Regiment 1132:fr:Groupe d'armées n° 1 8456:Armistice of Cassibile 8258:Battle of Dutch Harbor 8209:Battle of the Java Sea 8112:Attack on Pearl Harbor 8012:Syria–Lebanon campaign 8005:Battle of South Shanxi 7975:Invasion of Yugoslavia 7758:Battle of the Atlantic 7372:Korean Liberation Army 7078:(until September 1943) 7035:(until September 1944) 7013:(until September 1944) 5411:Allied Armies in Italy 5273:Salmon, R. E. (2013). 5188:Harris, J. P. (1983). 4901:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. 4897:Atkin, Ronald (1990). 4720:British War Production 4718:Postan, M. M. (1952). 4699:Longden, Sean (2008). 4684:. London: Leo Cooper. 4497:The Day We went to War 3170: 3070: 2977: 2963: 2905: 2878: 2841: 2774: 2766:Pre-war photograph of 2721: 2635: 2626: 2605:Lines-of-communication 2558: 2453: 2442: 2434: 2373:Royal Norfolk Regiment 2371:of the 2nd Battalion, 2364: 2284: 2176: 2154: 2102:crossed the border at 2072: 2059: 2044: 2026: 1966: 1957: 1948: 1930: 1925: 1919:in the "Gort Line" at 1906:Dyle Plan/Plan D, 1940 1841: 1755:Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise 1751:46th Infantry Division 1738: 1601: 1552: 1438:Continental commitment 1406: 1327: 1307: 1229: 1183:Battle of Arras (1940) 1152: 1138: 1130: 124: 117: 107:13 divisions (maximum) 8620:Second Battle of Guam 8516:Bengal famine of 1943 8486:Second Battle of Kiev 8442:Battle of the Dnieper 8147:Battle of Wake Island 8019:East African campaign 7961:Battle of South Henan 7606:atrocities by Germans 7379:Korean Volunteer Army 6353:Occupation of Germany 6107:Music in World War II 5246:Perry, F. W. (1982). 5168:. AG 062.11 (1–26–42) 4869:. London: Pan Books. 4703:. London: Constable. 4676:Karslake, B. (1979). 4393:Sebag-Montefiore 2007 4063:Sebag-Montefiore 2007 3931:. War Memorials Trust 3912:Sebag-Montefiore 2007 3852:Sebag-Montefiore 2007 3840:Sebag-Montefiore 2007 3818:, pp. 47, 63–65. 3806:, pp. 48–52, 56. 3768:Sebag-Montefiore 2007 3744:Sebag-Montefiore 2007 3732:Sebag-Montefiore 2007 3720:Sebag-Montefiore 2007 3593:Sebag-Montefiore 2007 3212:Maginot line defences 3165: 3054: 2955: 2901: 2894:Retreat from Normandy 2831:Fortune had detached 2764: 2705: 2683:1st Armoured Division 2622: 2554: 2383:Canal with the 1/8th 2356: 2150: 2133:Durham Light Infantry 2018: 1913: 1820: 1797:1st Army Tank Brigade 1787:, the 9th Battalion, 1726: 1699:. In April 1940, the 1688:5th Infantry Division 1684:4th Infantry Division 1680:3rd Infantry Division 1672:2nd Infantry Division 1668:1st Infantry Division 1618:Franco-Belgian border 1581: 1542: 1443:Army equipment scales 1400: 1369:considered obsolete; 1317: 1295: 1218:1st Armoured Division 1122:Belgian–French border 438:Battle of Britain Day 128:(North-Eastern Front) 8906:Surrender of Germany 8384:Battle of West Hubei 8341:Guadalcanal campaign 8311:Battle of Stalingrad 8237:Battle of Madagascar 7004:Albania protectorate 6791:(formerly Swaziland) 6500:Wehrmacht war crimes 6316:Expulsion of Germans 6100:Art and World War II 5998:British contribution 5947:Governments in exile 5576:Western Desert Force 5134:. Solihull: Helion. 5111:Warner, P. (2002) . 4739:Ripley, Tim (2004). 4410:3 March 2016 at the 4383:, pp. 326, 394. 4323:, pp. 143, 127. 4221:, pp. 231, 230. 3914:, pp. 285–292; 3448:, pp. 33–34 72. 3393:, pp. 9, 27–29. 3369:, pp. 1–2, 6–7. 3335:National Army Museum 2385:Lancashire Fusiliers 2120:King of the Belgians 1932:Groupe d'armées n° 1 1889:3rd Infantry Brigade 1636:on 10 September and 735:Defence of the Reich 216:The Heligoland Bight 8996:Potsdam Declaration 8885:Italy (Spring 1945) 8648:Liberation of Paris 8105:Siege of Sevastopol 7116:(until August 1944) 7019:Wang Jingwei regime 6841:from September 1943 6801:from September 1944 6739:from September 1944 6599:Romanian war crimes 6590:Persecution of Jews 6576:Croatian war crimes 6546:Japanese war crimes 6360:Occupation of Japan 6309:First Indochina War 6021:Military production 5933:Declarations of war 5130:Whelan, P. (2018). 4920:. Warwick: Helion. 4916:Fantom, P. (2021). 4812:. London: Penguin. 4371:, pp. 383–404. 4296:, pp. 229–240. 4233:, pp. 181–182. 4209:, pp. 230–232. 4173:, pp. 180–181. 4134:, pp. 104–105. 4106:, pp. 253–254. 4089:, pp. 252–253. 4077:, pp. 183–248. 4065:, pp. 455–457. 4053:, pp. 182–184. 4041:, pp. 174–179. 4013:, pp. 288–289. 3992:on 23 December 2007 3984:Schweisfurth, Uwe. 3918:, pp. 285–289. 3854:, pp. 171–172. 3184:or died of wounds, 3179:66,426 casualties, 3100:civilians left the 2615:Battle of Abbeville 2444:Obersturmbannführer 2432:(Death's Head) (SS- 2360:Royal Ulster Rifles 2349:Le Paradis massacre 2343:Le Paradis massacre 1835:, commander of the 1762:BEF order of battle 1652:. By 27 September, 1564:Despatch of the BEF 1448: 1432:Leslie Hore-Belisha 1393:British re-armament 1305:half-track in 1930. 1222:Battle of Abbeville 1046:Ypres–Comines Canal 724:Strategic campaigns 327:Ypres–Comines Canal 86:Expeditionary Force 8989:Surrender of Japan 8822:Battle of Iwo Jima 8671:Belgrade offensive 8084:Siege of Leningrad 7968:Battle of Shanggao 7897:British Somaliland 7862:Dunkirk evacuation 7813:Norwegian campaign 7751:Invasion of Poland 7578:Japanese prisoners 6539:Italian war crimes 6470:British war crimes 6385:Soviet occupations 6169:South-West Pacific 6056:Allied cooperation 6014:Military equipment 4743:. Zenith Imprint. 4593:Ellis, Major L. F. 3432:, pp. 33–34; 3071: 3036:Ministry of Supply 3020:558,032, including 2964: 2961:, 16–17 June 1940. 2906: 2775: 2722: 2627: 2592:troops along with 2559: 2543:Dunkirk evacuation 2509:Bernard Montgomery 2490:Lieutenant General 2478:II Corps rearguard 2365: 2338:Retreat to Dunkirk 2328:Bernard Montgomery 2320:Battle of Boulogne 2155: 2100:12th Royal Lancers 2082:Battle of Gembloux 2078:meeting engagement 2073:Corps de Cavalerie 2060:Corps de Cavalerie 2027: 1964:) and Ninth Army ( 1926: 1887:, attached to the 1842: 1781:RAF Bomber Command 1739: 1606:Invasion of Poland 1602: 1589:1st Guards Brigade 1442: 1407: 1308: 1220:, to fight in the 750:Battle of Atlantic 9063: 9062: 9021: 9020: 8864:Battle of Okinawa 8763:Burma (1944–1945) 8597:Mariana and Palau 8377:Tunisian campaign 8202:Fall of Singapore 8126:Fall of Hong Kong 7869:Battle of Britain 7722:Operation Himmler 7631: 7630: 7295:Dutch East Indies 6931:Southern Rhodesia 6683: 6682: 6583:Genocide of Serbs 6486:German war crimes 6463:Soviet war crimes 6456:Allied war crimes 6302:Division of Korea 6281:Chinese Civil War 6079:Strategic bombing 5991:Manhattan Project 5765: 5764: 5566:3rd Anti-Aircraft 5561:2nd Anti-Aircraft 5556:1st Anti-Aircraft 5141:978-1-912390-90-8 5122:978-0-304-35644-7 5096:978-0-11-771592-9 5050:978-1-85043-329-3 5024:978-0-14-005042-4 5002:978-0-11-630933-4 4972:978-0-11-630181-9 4946:978-1-912174-77-5 4927:978-1-914059-01-8 4908:978-1-84158-078-4 4876:978-0-330-43796-7 4857:978-1-84415-852-2 4838:978-0-691-21416-0 4819:978-0-14-102437-0 4791:Rowe, V. (1959). 4750:978-0-7603-2068-6 4710:978-1-84529-520-2 4691:978-0-85052-240-2 4668:978-0-19-280300-9 4642:978-0-07-025805-1 4616:978-1-84574-056-6 4567:978-0-8117-1460-0 4538:978-1-845-74055-9 4506:978-0-7535-3668-1 4467:978-0-85052-811-4 4445:978-1-84212-526-7 4158:, pp. 74–75. 4029:, pp. 39–42. 3902:, pp. 94–97. 3830:, pp. 26–37. 3794:, pp. 43–46. 3782:, pp. 39–43. 3770:, pp. 77–79. 3758:, pp. 37–38. 3746:, pp. 75–76. 3722:, pp. 59–61. 3710:, pp. 38–39. 3698:, pp. 37–38. 3686:, pp. 37–38. 3472:, pp. 72–73. 3408:, pp. 29–30. 3224:10 to 16 May 1940 3177:The BEF suffered 3161:Operation Sealion 2663:Archibald Beauman 2563:Georg von Küchler 2539:Battle of Dunkirk 1856:westward towards 1837:French Ninth Army 1764:consisted of ten 1736:, September 1939. 1654:152,000 soldiers, 1585:Coldstream Guards 1532: 1531: 1447: 1403:Light Tank Mk VIC 1387:Limited Liability 1303:Morris Commercial 1139:Front du Nord-est 1068: 1067: 758: 757: 150: 149: 125:Front du Nord-est 9113: 9076:Battle of France 9056: 9049: 9042: 9039:World portal 9037: 9036: 9012: 9005: 8998: 8991: 8982: 8975: 8968: 8959: 8952: 8945: 8938: 8931: 8924: 8915: 8908: 8901: 8899:Prague offensive 8894: 8892:Battle of Berlin 8887: 8880: 8873: 8866: 8859: 8852: 8845: 8838: 8836:Vienna offensive 8831: 8824: 8817: 8815:Battle of Manila 8810: 8790: 8781: 8772: 8765: 8756: 8749: 8742: 8735: 8728: 8721: 8714: 8705: 8696: 8689: 8680: 8673: 8666: 8659: 8650: 8643: 8636: 8629: 8622: 8615: 8608: 8599: 8592: 8583: 8574: 8565: 8558: 8556:Korsun–Cherkassy 8551: 8540: 8518: 8509: 8502: 8495: 8488: 8481: 8474: 8467: 8458: 8451: 8444: 8437: 8428: 8421: 8414: 8407: 8400: 8398:Bombing of Gorky 8393: 8386: 8379: 8359: 8352: 8343: 8336: 8329: 8320: 8313: 8306: 8299: 8288: 8281: 8274: 8267: 8265:Battle of Midway 8260: 8253: 8251:Battle of Gazala 8246: 8239: 8232: 8225: 8218: 8211: 8204: 8184: 8177: 8170: 8163: 8161:Battle of Borneo 8156: 8154:Malayan campaign 8149: 8142: 8135: 8128: 8121: 8114: 8107: 8100: 8098:Bombing of Gorky 8093: 8091:Battle of Moscow 8086: 8079: 8072: 8065: 8058: 8051: 8035: 8028: 8021: 8014: 8007: 8000: 7991: 7984: 7977: 7970: 7963: 7943: 7934: 7927: 7920: 7913: 7906: 7899: 7892: 7885: 7878: 7871: 7864: 7857: 7855:Battle of France 7850: 7843: 7836: 7829: 7822: 7815: 7795: 7788: 7781: 7774: 7767: 7760: 7753: 7731: 7724: 7717: 7710: 7708:Munich Agreement 7703: 7696: 7687: 7680: 7673: 7664: 7657: 7642: 7641: 7624: 7617: 7608: 7601: 7594: 7593:Soviet prisoners 7587: 7580: 7573: 7564: 7557: 7548: 7541: 7534: 7533:German prisoners 7529: 7509: 7500: 7493: 7486: 7481: 7474: 7467: 7460: 7453: 7446: 7439: 7432: 7425: 7418: 7411: 7404: 7397: 7390: 7381: 7374: 7367: 7360: 7353: 7346: 7339: 7332: 7325: 7318: 7311: 7304: 7297: 7290: 7283: 7276: 7269: 7262: 7255: 7235: 7228: 7221: 7214: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7186: 7179: 7172: 7165: 7145: 7138: 7131: 7124: 7117: 7109: 7102: 7095: 7086: 7079: 7071: 7064: 7062:French Indochina 7057: 7050: 7043: 7036: 7028: 7021: 7014: 7006: 6986: 6977: 6970: 6961: 6954: 6947: 6940: 6933: 6926: 6919: 6912: 6909:from August 1944 6900: 6893: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6865: 6858: 6851: 6844: 6832: 6825: 6818: 6811: 6804: 6792: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6763: 6756: 6749: 6742: 6730: 6723: 6716: 6709: 6694: 6693: 6674: 6667: 6660: 6653: 6646: 6635: 6620: 6613: 6606: 6601: 6592: 6585: 6578: 6569: 6562: 6555: 6553:Nanjing Massacre 6548: 6541: 6532: 6530:Nuremberg trials 6523: 6516: 6509: 6502: 6495: 6488: 6479: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6438: 6431: 6424: 6415: 6408: 6401: 6394: 6387: 6380: 6371: 6362: 6355: 6348: 6341: 6332: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6283: 6263: 6254: 6247: 6240: 6231: 6224: 6217: 6210: 6201: 6194: 6187: 6178: 6171: 6164: 6157: 6150: 6143: 6136: 6134:Asia and Pacific 6116: 6109: 6102: 6095: 6088: 6081: 6074: 6065: 6063:Mulberry harbour 6058: 6051: 6044: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6016: 6009: 6000: 5993: 5986: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5942: 5935: 5928: 5921: 5914: 5905: 5898: 5883: 5882: 5871: 5864: 5855: 5848: 5841: 5834: 5827: 5820: 5813: 5792: 5785: 5778: 5769: 5768: 5681:Northern Ireland 5368: 5361: 5354: 5345: 5344: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5145: 5126: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5075: 5054: 5028: 5006: 4990: 4976: 4964: 4950: 4931: 4912: 4880: 4861: 4842: 4823: 4804: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4763:Butler, J. R. M. 4754: 4735: 4714: 4695: 4672: 4660: 4646: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4597:Butler, J. R. M. 4588: 4571: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4519:Butler, J. R. M. 4510: 4489: 4480: 4471: 4449: 4414: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4384: 4378: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4348: 4342: 4336: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4297: 4291: 4282: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3981: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3962:on 28 April 2016 3952: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3925: 3919: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3693: 3687: 3677: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3596: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3327: 3311: 3308: 3269: 3257: 3248:21 May to 6 June 3245: 3233: 3221: 3209: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3124: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3099: 3091: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3001: 2997: 2996:2,477 passengers 2982: 2975:and Nantes. The 2969: 2959:Operation Aerial 2948:Operation Aerial 2942:Operation Aerial 2932:Conches-en-Ouche 2881: 2844: 2838: 2816: 2796:Veules-les-Roses 2793: 2789: 2784: 2780: 2747: 2680: 2640: 2632: 2624:The Somme Valley 2611:Beauman Division 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2568: 2522:Grenadier Guards 2472:prisoners of war 2456: 2447: 2439: 2436:Hauptsturmführer 2419: 2415: 2287: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2183: 2179: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2116:defence in depth 2110:, south-west to 2105: 2075: 2069: 2065:Battle of Hannut 2062: 2047: 2032: 2007:Battle of France 1969: 1960: 1951: 1949:(Général d'armée 1942: 1940: 1923:in January 1940. 1833:Alphonse Georges 1760:By May 1940 the 1658: 1657:21,424 vehicles, 1655: 1614:Alphonse Georges 1550: 1449: 1445: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1336:Territorial Army 1325: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1245:Operation Aerial 1234: 1214:Beauman Division 1200:Saar Force, the 1195:Operation Dynamo 1157: 1148:Battle of France 1141: 1135: 1109:Territorial Army 1093:Second World War 797: 795: 794:Battle of France 785: 778: 771: 762: 761: 587:Atlantic Pockets 191: 187:Western Front of 179: 172: 165: 156: 155: 127: 121:(1st Army Group) 120: 40: 28: 27: 9121: 9120: 9116: 9115: 9114: 9112: 9111: 9110: 9066: 9065: 9064: 9059: 9052: 9045: 9031: 9029: 9017: 9008: 9001: 8994: 8987: 8978: 8971: 8964: 8955: 8950:Atomic bombings 8948: 8941: 8934: 8927: 8920: 8911: 8904: 8897: 8890: 8883: 8876: 8869: 8862: 8855: 8848: 8841: 8834: 8827: 8820: 8813: 8806: 8793: 8786: 8775: 8768: 8761: 8752: 8745: 8738: 8731: 8724: 8717: 8708: 8699: 8692: 8683: 8676: 8669: 8662: 8653: 8646: 8641:Eastern Romania 8639: 8634:Warsaw Uprising 8632: 8627:Tannenberg Line 8625: 8618: 8613:Western Ukraine 8611: 8602: 8595: 8586: 8577: 8568: 8561: 8554: 8543: 8534: 8521: 8514: 8505: 8498: 8491: 8484: 8477: 8470: 8463: 8454: 8447: 8440: 8431: 8424: 8417: 8410: 8405:Battle of Kursk 8403: 8396: 8389: 8382: 8375: 8362: 8355: 8346: 8339: 8332: 8323: 8316: 8309: 8302: 8293: 8284: 8277: 8270: 8263: 8256: 8249: 8242: 8235: 8228: 8221: 8216:St Nazaire Raid 8214: 8207: 8200: 8187: 8180: 8173: 8166: 8159: 8152: 8145: 8138: 8131: 8124: 8117: 8110: 8103: 8096: 8089: 8082: 8075: 8068: 8061: 8054: 8040: 8031: 8024: 8017: 8010: 8003: 7998:Anglo-Iraqi War 7996: 7989:Battle of Crete 7987: 7980: 7973: 7966: 7959: 7946: 7937: 7930: 7923: 7918:Eastern Romania 7916: 7909: 7902: 7895: 7888: 7881: 7874: 7867: 7860: 7853: 7846: 7839: 7832: 7825: 7818: 7811: 7798: 7791: 7784: 7777: 7770: 7763: 7756: 7749: 7736: 7727: 7720: 7713: 7706: 7699: 7692: 7683: 7676: 7669: 7660: 7653: 7627: 7620: 7613: 7604: 7597: 7592: 7583: 7576: 7569: 7560: 7553: 7544: 7537: 7532: 7525: 7512: 7505: 7496: 7489: 7484: 7479:Western Ukraine 7477: 7470: 7463: 7456: 7449: 7442: 7435: 7428: 7423:Northeast China 7421: 7414: 7407: 7400: 7393: 7386: 7377: 7370: 7363: 7356: 7349: 7342: 7335: 7328: 7321: 7314: 7307: 7300: 7293: 7286: 7279: 7272: 7265: 7258: 7251: 7238: 7231: 7224: 7217: 7210: 7203: 7196: 7189: 7182: 7175: 7168: 7161: 7148: 7141: 7134: 7127: 7122:Slovak Republic 7120: 7112: 7105: 7098: 7093:Empire of Japan 7091: 7082: 7074: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7046: 7039: 7031: 7024: 7017: 7009: 7002: 6989: 6982: 6973: 6966: 6957: 6950: 6943: 6936: 6929: 6922: 6915: 6903: 6896: 6889: 6882: 6875: 6868: 6861: 6854: 6847: 6835: 6828: 6821: 6814: 6807: 6795: 6787: 6780: 6773: 6766: 6759: 6752: 6745: 6733: 6726: 6719: 6712: 6705: 6679: 6670: 6663: 6656: 6649: 6638: 6623: 6616: 6609: 6605:Sexual violence 6604: 6597: 6588: 6581: 6574: 6565: 6558: 6551: 6544: 6537: 6528: 6519: 6512: 6505: 6498: 6491: 6484: 6475: 6468: 6461: 6454: 6441: 6434: 6427: 6420: 6411: 6404: 6397: 6390: 6383: 6374: 6365: 6358: 6351: 6344: 6335: 6328: 6323:Greek Civil War 6321: 6314: 6307: 6300: 6293: 6286: 6279: 6266: 6259: 6250: 6243: 6236: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6206: 6197: 6190: 6183: 6174: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6148:South-East Asia 6146: 6139: 6132: 6119: 6112: 6105: 6098: 6091: 6084: 6077: 6070: 6061: 6054: 6047: 6040: 6033: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6007:Military awards 6005: 5996: 5989: 5982: 5973: 5966: 5959: 5952: 5945: 5938: 5931: 5924: 5917: 5910: 5901: 5894: 5874: 5867: 5860: 5851: 5844: 5837: 5832: 5823: 5816: 5809: 5801: 5796: 5766: 5761: 5725: 5701:South East Asia 5691:Persia and Iraq 5580: 5470: 5415: 5375: 5372: 5330: 5317: 5315: 5299: 5290: 5288: 5272: 5263: 5261: 5245: 5236: 5234: 5233:on 23 June 2018 5214: 5205: 5203: 5187: 5184: 5171: 5169: 5155: 5152: 5142: 5129: 5123: 5110: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5078: 5057: 5051: 5031: 5025: 5009: 5003: 4979: 4973: 4953: 4947: 4934: 4928: 4915: 4909: 4896: 4893: 4888: 4886:Further reading 4883: 4877: 4858: 4839: 4820: 4781: 4779: 4751: 4711: 4692: 4669: 4643: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4568: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4507: 4468: 4446: 4422: 4417: 4412:Wayback Machine 4403: 4399: 4391: 4387: 4379: 4375: 4367: 4363: 4355: 4351: 4343: 4339: 4331: 4327: 4319: 4315: 4307: 4300: 4292: 4285: 4277: 4273: 4265: 4261: 4253: 4249: 4241: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4193: 4189: 4181: 4177: 4169: 4162: 4156:Alanbrooke 2002 4154: 4150: 4142: 4138: 4130:, p. 238; 4126: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4102: 4093: 4085: 4081: 4073: 4069: 4061: 4057: 4049: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4021: 4017: 4009: 4005: 3995: 3993: 3982: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3954: 3953: 3944: 3934: 3932: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3910: 3906: 3898: 3894: 3886: 3882: 3874: 3870: 3862: 3858: 3850: 3846: 3838: 3834: 3826: 3822: 3814: 3810: 3802: 3798: 3790: 3786: 3778: 3774: 3766: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3730: 3726: 3718: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3694: 3690: 3678: 3674: 3670:, pp. 8–9. 3666: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3630: 3623: 3619:, pp. 7–8. 3615: 3611: 3603: 3599: 3591: 3587: 3579: 3575: 3567: 3560: 3552: 3548: 3540: 3536: 3528: 3524: 3516: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3492: 3488: 3484:, pp. 1–2. 3480: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3444: 3440: 3428: 3424: 3416: 3412: 3404: 3397: 3389: 3385: 3377: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3339: 3337: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3280: 3273: 3270: 3261: 3258: 3249: 3246: 3237: 3234: 3225: 3222: 3213: 3210: 3198: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3141: 3138:63,879 vehicles 3137: 3133: 3126: 3119: 3115: 3113:4,739 vehicles, 3112: 3109: 3105: 3102:Channel Islands 3097: 3089: 3087:558,032 people, 3086: 3083:366,162 rescued 3082: 3078: 3069: 3049: 3044: 3031:Edmond Ironside 3022: 3019: 3015: 2999: 2995: 2994:estuary. About 2967: 2962: 2950: 2944: 2914:Robert Altmayer 2904: 2896: 2872:escorted three 2865:). On 10 June, 2852:flotilla leader 2836: 2829: 2827:Operation Cycle 2823: 2814: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2773: 2759: 2745: 2720: 2700: 2678: 2630: 2625: 2617: 2607: 2602: 2593: 2590:224,320 British 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2566: 2557: 2549: 2537:Main articles: 2535: 2499:, 4th, 5th and 2486: 2480: 2449:Fritz Knöchlein 2417: 2413: 2369:rifle companies 2363: 2351: 2345: 2340: 2324:Siege of Calais 2303:Battle of Arras 2298: 2249: 2219: 2205: 2202:10–20 aircraft. 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2181: 2174:on 13 May, the 2171: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2145: 2103: 2096: 2094:Operation David 2090: 2088:Operation David 2067: 2030: 2025: 2013: 2003: 1998: 1967:Général d'armée 1958:Général d'armée 1934: 1924: 1908: 1902: 1840: 1815: 1809: 1793:Royal Fusiliers 1773:Royal Air Force 1737: 1656: 1653: 1626:Bristol Channel 1600: 1576: 1566: 1561: 1551: 1548: 1518: 1505: 1492: 1490: 1472: 1464: 1444: 1440: 1405: 1395: 1389: 1384: 1374:have taken the 1370: 1366: 1362: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1326: 1323: 1306: 1290: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1241:Operation Cycle 1179:Battle of Sedan 1105:Royal Air Force 1069: 1064: 1007:Fort Eben-Emael 993:Rotterdam Blitz 798: 793: 791: 789: 759: 754: 481:St Nazaire Raid 433:The Hardest Day 300:Fort Eben-Emael 286:Rotterdam Blitz 244:The Netherlands 192: 188: 185: 183: 153: 139: 122: 118:groupe d'armées 106: 46: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9119: 9109: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9057: 9050: 9043: 9026: 9023: 9022: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9015: 9014: 9013: 9006: 8999: 8985: 8984: 8983: 8969: 8966:South Sakhalin 8962: 8961: 8960: 8946: 8939: 8932: 8925: 8918: 8917: 8916: 8902: 8895: 8888: 8881: 8874: 8867: 8860: 8853: 8846: 8839: 8832: 8825: 8818: 8811: 8803: 8801: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8791: 8784: 8783: 8782: 8766: 8759: 8758: 8757: 8743: 8736: 8729: 8722: 8715: 8706: 8697: 8690: 8681: 8674: 8667: 8660: 8651: 8644: 8637: 8630: 8623: 8616: 8609: 8600: 8593: 8584: 8575: 8566: 8559: 8552: 8541: 8531: 8529: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8512: 8511: 8510: 8503: 8489: 8482: 8475: 8468: 8461: 8460: 8459: 8445: 8438: 8429: 8422: 8415: 8408: 8401: 8394: 8391:Battle of Attu 8387: 8380: 8372: 8370: 8364: 8363: 8361: 8360: 8353: 8344: 8337: 8330: 8321: 8314: 8307: 8300: 8291: 8290: 8289: 8282: 8268: 8261: 8254: 8247: 8240: 8233: 8226: 8219: 8212: 8205: 8197: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8178: 8171: 8164: 8157: 8150: 8143: 8140:Battle of Guam 8136: 8129: 8122: 8115: 8108: 8101: 8094: 8087: 8080: 8073: 8066: 8063:Battle of Kiev 8059: 8052: 8038: 8037: 8036: 8022: 8015: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7993: 7992: 7978: 7971: 7964: 7956: 7954: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7944: 7935: 7928: 7921: 7914: 7907: 7900: 7893: 7886: 7879: 7872: 7865: 7858: 7851: 7844: 7837: 7830: 7823: 7816: 7808: 7806: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7796: 7789: 7782: 7775: 7768: 7761: 7754: 7746: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7734: 7733: 7732: 7725: 7718: 7711: 7704: 7690: 7689: 7688: 7681: 7667: 7666: 7665: 7650: 7648: 7639: 7633: 7632: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7625: 7618: 7611: 7610: 7609: 7602: 7590: 7589: 7588: 7574: 7567: 7566: 7565: 7562:United Kingdom 7558: 7551: 7550: 7549: 7530: 7522: 7520: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7510: 7503: 7502: 7501: 7494: 7482: 7475: 7468: 7461: 7454: 7447: 7440: 7433: 7426: 7419: 7412: 7405: 7398: 7391: 7384: 7383: 7382: 7375: 7361: 7354: 7347: 7340: 7333: 7326: 7319: 7312: 7305: 7298: 7291: 7284: 7277: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7248: 7246: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7236: 7229: 7222: 7215: 7208: 7201: 7194: 7187: 7180: 7173: 7166: 7158: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7146: 7139: 7132: 7125: 7118: 7110: 7103: 7096: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7072: 7065: 7058: 7051: 7044: 7037: 7029: 7022: 7015: 7007: 6999: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6987: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6964: 6963: 6962: 6959:British Empire 6952:United Kingdom 6948: 6941: 6934: 6927: 6920: 6913: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6852: 6845: 6833: 6826: 6819: 6812: 6805: 6793: 6785: 6778: 6771: 6768:Czechoslovakia 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6731: 6724: 6717: 6710: 6702: 6700: 6691: 6685: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6677: 6676: 6675: 6668: 6665:Rape of Manila 6661: 6654: 6647: 6636: 6621: 6614: 6602: 6595: 6594: 6593: 6586: 6572: 6571: 6570: 6563: 6556: 6542: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6526: 6525: 6524: 6517: 6503: 6496: 6482: 6481: 6480: 6473: 6466: 6451: 6449: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6439: 6436:United Nations 6432: 6425: 6418: 6417: 6416: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6381: 6372: 6363: 6356: 6349: 6342: 6333: 6326: 6319: 6312: 6305: 6298: 6295:Decolonization 6291: 6284: 6276: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6264: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6241: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6225: 6218: 6204: 6203: 6202: 6195: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6172: 6165: 6158: 6151: 6144: 6129: 6127: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6110: 6103: 6096: 6089: 6082: 6075: 6068: 6067: 6066: 6059: 6045: 6038: 6031: 6024: 6017: 6010: 6003: 6002: 6001: 5987: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5971: 5968:United Kingdom 5964: 5950: 5943: 5936: 5929: 5922: 5915: 5908: 5907: 5906: 5891: 5889: 5880: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5865: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5830: 5829: 5828: 5814: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5795: 5794: 5787: 5780: 5772: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5733: 5731: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5592: 5590: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5482: 5480: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5427: 5425: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5387: 5385: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5336: 5329: 5328:External links 5326: 5325: 5324: 5297: 5270: 5243: 5212: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5178: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5140: 5127: 5121: 5108: 5095: 5076: 5055: 5049: 5033:May, Ernest R. 5029: 5023: 5007: 5001: 4981:Hinsley, F. H. 4977: 4971: 4961:Grand Strategy 4951: 4945: 4932: 4926: 4913: 4907: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4875: 4862: 4856: 4843: 4837: 4824: 4818: 4805: 4788: 4759:Roskill, S. W. 4755: 4749: 4736: 4715: 4709: 4696: 4690: 4673: 4667: 4651:Jackson, J. T. 4647: 4641: 4628: 4615: 4589: 4572: 4566: 4554:Doughty, R. A. 4550: 4537: 4511: 4505: 4492: 4491: 4490: 4481: 4466: 4450: 4444: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4397: 4395:, p. 506. 4385: 4373: 4361: 4359:, p. 327. 4349: 4347:, p. 137. 4345:Brodhurst 2001 4337: 4335:, p. 305. 4325: 4313: 4311:, p. 117. 4298: 4283: 4271: 4269:, p. 296. 4259: 4257:, p. 295. 4247: 4245:, p. 293. 4235: 4223: 4211: 4199: 4197:, p. 239. 4187: 4185:, p. 288. 4175: 4160: 4148: 4146:, p. 276. 4136: 4120: 4118:, p. 265. 4108: 4091: 4079: 4067: 4055: 4043: 4031: 4025:, p. 93; 4015: 4003: 3973: 3942: 3920: 3904: 3892: 3890:, p. 376. 3880: 3868: 3866:, p. 377. 3856: 3844: 3832: 3820: 3808: 3796: 3784: 3772: 3760: 3748: 3736: 3724: 3712: 3700: 3688: 3672: 3660: 3648: 3646:, p. 267. 3636: 3621: 3609: 3607:, p. 284. 3597: 3585: 3573: 3558: 3546: 3534: 3522: 3510: 3498: 3486: 3474: 3462: 3450: 3438: 3422: 3410: 3395: 3383: 3371: 3359: 3347: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3292:1939–1945 Star 3284:campaign medal 3279: 3276: 3275: 3274: 3271: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3204: 3202: 3197: 3194: 3186:14,074 wounded 3174: 3171: 3140:consisting of 3068:, 31 May 1940. 3055: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 2956: 2946:Main article: 2943: 2940: 2902: 2895: 2892: 2825:Main article: 2822: 2819: 2765: 2758: 2755: 2711:, part of the 2706: 2699: 2696: 2687:Pont St Pierre 2623: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2594:139,097 French 2574:Bertram Ramsay 2555: 2534: 2531: 2482:Main article: 2479: 2476: 2393:Le Cornet Malo 2389:Riez du Vinage 2357: 2347:Main article: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2332:Nigel Hamilton 2297: 2294: 2248: 2245: 2218: 2215: 2182:1,000 aircraft 2168:72 operational 2151: 2144: 2141: 2137:Victoria Cross 2129:Richard Annand 2092:Main article: 2089: 2086: 2019: 2002: 2001:10–21 May 1940 1999: 1997: 1994: 1915:2nd Battalion 1914: 1904:Main article: 1901: 1898: 1850:reconnaissance 1821: 1811:Main article: 1808: 1805: 1727: 1662:On 3 October, 1587:, part of the 1582: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1549:Michael Postan 1546: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1469: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1439: 1436: 1424:United Kingdom 1401: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1321: 1299:18-pounder gun 1296: 1286:Main article: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1257:14,074 wounded 1162:forces on the 1066: 1065: 1063: 1062: 1056: 1055: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1021: 1014: 1009: 1003: 1002: 996: 995: 990: 985: 983:The Grebbeberg 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 954: 953: 947: 946: 939: 932: 927: 922: 915: 914: 913: 903: 896: 889: 884: 879: 878: 877: 872: 860: 855: 850: 845: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 810: 809: 803: 800: 799: 788: 787: 780: 773: 765: 756: 755: 753: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 721: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 674: 673: 659: 652: 645: 644: 643: 638: 626: 619: 612: 605: 590: 589: 584: 579: 574: 567: 562: 557: 550: 545: 543:Hürtgen Forest 540: 533: 528: 526:Siegfried Line 523: 516: 509: 502: 491: 490: 489: 488: 483: 476:Commando Raids 473: 471:Baedeker Blitz 468: 461: 448: 447: 440: 435: 430: 425: 412: 411: 410: 409: 399: 392: 387: 382: 381: 380: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 330: 329: 324: 319: 314: 307: 302: 289: 288: 283: 278: 276:The Grebbeberg 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 240: 239: 226: 225: 218: 213: 208: 197: 194: 193: 182: 181: 174: 167: 159: 151: 148: 147: 141: 135: 134: 130: 129: 113: 109: 108: 103: 99: 98: 92: 88: 87: 84: 80: 79: 76: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9118: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9055: 9051: 9048: 9044: 9041: 9040: 9035: 9028: 9027: 9024: 9011: 9007: 9004: 9000: 8997: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8986: 8981: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8973:Kuril Islands 8970: 8967: 8963: 8958: 8954: 8953: 8951: 8947: 8944: 8940: 8937: 8933: 8930: 8926: 8923: 8919: 8914: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8903: 8900: 8896: 8893: 8889: 8886: 8882: 8879: 8875: 8872: 8868: 8865: 8861: 8858: 8854: 8851: 8847: 8844: 8840: 8837: 8833: 8830: 8826: 8823: 8819: 8816: 8812: 8809: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8796: 8789: 8785: 8780: 8779: 8774: 8773: 8771: 8767: 8764: 8760: 8755: 8751: 8750: 8748: 8744: 8741: 8740:Syrmian Front 8737: 8734: 8730: 8727: 8723: 8720: 8716: 8713: 8712: 8707: 8704: 8703: 8698: 8695: 8691: 8688: 8687: 8686:Market Garden 8682: 8679: 8675: 8672: 8668: 8665: 8661: 8658: 8657: 8652: 8649: 8645: 8642: 8638: 8635: 8631: 8628: 8624: 8621: 8617: 8614: 8610: 8607: 8606: 8601: 8598: 8594: 8591: 8590: 8585: 8582: 8581: 8576: 8573: 8572: 8567: 8564: 8560: 8557: 8553: 8550: 8546: 8545:Monte Cassino 8542: 8539: 8538: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8517: 8513: 8508: 8504: 8501: 8497: 8496: 8494: 8490: 8487: 8483: 8480: 8476: 8473: 8469: 8466: 8462: 8457: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8446: 8443: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8430: 8427: 8423: 8420: 8416: 8413: 8409: 8406: 8402: 8399: 8395: 8392: 8388: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8365: 8358: 8354: 8351: 8350: 8345: 8342: 8338: 8335: 8331: 8328: 8327: 8322: 8319: 8315: 8312: 8308: 8305: 8301: 8298: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8283: 8280: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8269: 8266: 8262: 8259: 8255: 8252: 8248: 8245: 8241: 8238: 8234: 8231: 8227: 8224: 8220: 8217: 8213: 8210: 8206: 8203: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8190: 8183: 8179: 8176: 8172: 8169: 8165: 8162: 8158: 8155: 8151: 8148: 8144: 8141: 8137: 8134: 8130: 8127: 8123: 8120: 8116: 8113: 8109: 8106: 8102: 8099: 8095: 8092: 8088: 8085: 8081: 8078: 8074: 8071: 8067: 8064: 8060: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8048: 8043: 8039: 8034: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8023: 8020: 8016: 8013: 8009: 8006: 8002: 7999: 7995: 7990: 7986: 7985: 7983: 7979: 7976: 7972: 7969: 7965: 7962: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7949: 7942: 7941: 7936: 7933: 7929: 7926: 7922: 7919: 7915: 7912: 7911:Baltic states 7908: 7905: 7901: 7898: 7894: 7891: 7887: 7884: 7880: 7877: 7873: 7870: 7866: 7863: 7859: 7856: 7852: 7849: 7845: 7842: 7838: 7835: 7831: 7828: 7824: 7821: 7817: 7814: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7801: 7794: 7790: 7787: 7783: 7780: 7776: 7773: 7769: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7755: 7752: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7739: 7730: 7726: 7723: 7719: 7716: 7712: 7709: 7705: 7702: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7691: 7686: 7682: 7679: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7668: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7647: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7634: 7623: 7619: 7616: 7612: 7607: 7603: 7600: 7596: 7595: 7591: 7586: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7575: 7572: 7568: 7563: 7559: 7556: 7555:United States 7552: 7547: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7536: 7535: 7531: 7528: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7515: 7508: 7504: 7499: 7495: 7492: 7491:Quốc dân Đảng 7488: 7487: 7483: 7480: 7476: 7473: 7469: 7466: 7462: 7459: 7455: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7441: 7438: 7434: 7431: 7427: 7424: 7420: 7417: 7413: 7410: 7406: 7403: 7399: 7396: 7392: 7389: 7385: 7380: 7376: 7373: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7362: 7359: 7355: 7352: 7348: 7345: 7341: 7338: 7334: 7331: 7327: 7324: 7320: 7317: 7313: 7310: 7306: 7303: 7299: 7296: 7292: 7289: 7285: 7282: 7278: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7264: 7261: 7257: 7254: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7241: 7234: 7230: 7227: 7223: 7220: 7216: 7213: 7209: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7195: 7192: 7191:Liechtenstein 7188: 7185: 7181: 7178: 7174: 7171: 7167: 7164: 7160: 7159: 7157: 7155: 7151: 7144: 7143:Collaboration 7140: 7137: 7133: 7130: 7126: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7108: 7104: 7101: 7097: 7094: 7090: 7085: 7081: 7080: 7077: 7073: 7070: 7066: 7063: 7059: 7056: 7052: 7049: 7045: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7027: 7023: 7020: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7005: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6992: 6985: 6981: 6976: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6968:United States 6965: 6960: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6949: 6946: 6942: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6928: 6925: 6921: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6895: 6892: 6888: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6874: 6871: 6867: 6864: 6860: 6857: 6853: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6831: 6827: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6813: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6779: 6776: 6772: 6769: 6765: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6751: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6729: 6725: 6722: 6718: 6715: 6711: 6708: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6686: 6673: 6669: 6666: 6662: 6659: 6658:Comfort women 6655: 6652: 6648: 6645: 6642: / 6641: 6637: 6634: 6631: / 6630: 6627: / 6626: 6622: 6619: 6618:Camp brothels 6615: 6612: 6608: 6607: 6603: 6600: 6596: 6591: 6587: 6584: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6568: 6564: 6561: 6557: 6554: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6543: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6527: 6522: 6518: 6515: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6507:The Holocaust 6504: 6501: 6497: 6494: 6493:forced labour 6490: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6478: 6474: 6471: 6467: 6464: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6444: 6437: 6433: 6430: 6426: 6423: 6419: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6403: 6400: 6396: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6364: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6347: 6346:Marshall Plan 6343: 6340: 6339: 6334: 6331: 6327: 6324: 6320: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6299: 6296: 6292: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6262: 6258: 6253: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6230: 6226: 6223: 6219: 6216: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6205: 6200: 6199:Eastern Front 6196: 6193: 6192:Western Front 6189: 6188: 6186: 6182: 6177: 6173: 6170: 6166: 6163: 6159: 6156: 6152: 6149: 6145: 6142: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6122: 6115: 6111: 6108: 6104: 6101: 6097: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6086:Puppet states 6083: 6080: 6076: 6073: 6069: 6064: 6060: 6057: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6043: 6039: 6036: 6032: 6029: 6028:Naval history 6025: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6011: 6008: 6004: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5988: 5985: 5981: 5976: 5975:United States 5972: 5969: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5951: 5948: 5944: 5941: 5937: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5923: 5920: 5916: 5913: 5909: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5897: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5881: 5877: 5870: 5866: 5863: 5859: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5836: 5835: 5831: 5826: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5808: 5807: 5804: 5800: 5793: 5788: 5786: 5781: 5779: 5774: 5773: 5770: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5706:South Eastern 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5611:Anti-Aircraft 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5583: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5473: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5418: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5380:Army Groups ( 5378: 5369: 5364: 5362: 5357: 5355: 5350: 5349: 5346: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5304: 5298: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5277: 5271: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5250: 5244: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5219: 5213: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5154: 5153: 5143: 5137: 5133: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5114: 5109: 5098: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5083: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5056: 5052: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 4998: 4994: 4989: 4988: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4968: 4963: 4962: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4942: 4938: 4933: 4929: 4923: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4900: 4895: 4894: 4878: 4872: 4868: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4849: 4844: 4840: 4834: 4830: 4825: 4821: 4815: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4789: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4769: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4716: 4712: 4706: 4702: 4697: 4693: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4659: 4658: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4618: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4540: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4502: 4498: 4493: 4487: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4472: 4469: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4424: 4413: 4409: 4406: 4401: 4394: 4389: 4382: 4377: 4370: 4365: 4358: 4353: 4346: 4341: 4334: 4329: 4322: 4317: 4310: 4305: 4303: 4295: 4290: 4288: 4280: 4275: 4268: 4263: 4256: 4251: 4244: 4239: 4232: 4231:Karslake 1979 4227: 4220: 4215: 4208: 4203: 4196: 4191: 4184: 4179: 4172: 4171:Karslake 1979 4167: 4165: 4157: 4152: 4145: 4140: 4133: 4129: 4124: 4117: 4112: 4105: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4088: 4083: 4076: 4071: 4064: 4059: 4052: 4051:Thompson 2009 4047: 4040: 4039:Thompson 2009 4035: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4012: 4007: 3991: 3987: 3980: 3978: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3930: 3924: 3917: 3913: 3908: 3901: 3896: 3889: 3888:Hamilton 1981 3884: 3877: 3872: 3865: 3864:Hamilton 1981 3860: 3853: 3848: 3841: 3836: 3829: 3824: 3817: 3816:Thompson 2009 3812: 3805: 3800: 3793: 3788: 3781: 3776: 3769: 3764: 3757: 3756:Thompson 2009 3752: 3745: 3740: 3733: 3728: 3721: 3716: 3709: 3704: 3697: 3692: 3685: 3681: 3676: 3669: 3668:Doughty 2014a 3664: 3658:, p. 12. 3657: 3656:Doughty 2014a 3652: 3645: 3640: 3634:, p. 11. 3633: 3632:Doughty 2014a 3628: 3626: 3618: 3617:Doughty 2014a 3613: 3606: 3601: 3594: 3589: 3582: 3577: 3571:, p. 23. 3570: 3565: 3563: 3555: 3550: 3544:, p. 33. 3543: 3538: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3514: 3508:, p. 15. 3507: 3502: 3496:, p. 11. 3495: 3490: 3483: 3478: 3471: 3466: 3460:, p. 72. 3459: 3454: 3447: 3442: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3420:, p. 73. 3419: 3414: 3407: 3402: 3400: 3392: 3387: 3381:, p. 21. 3380: 3375: 3368: 3363: 3356: 3351: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3322: 3307: 3303: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3278:Commemoration 3268: 3263: 3256: 3251: 3244: 3239: 3232: 3227: 3220: 3215: 3208: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3193: 3182:11,014 killed 3169: 3164: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3130: 3129:cruiser tanks 3123: 3103: 3095: 3090:368,491 being 3076: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3053: 3039: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3013: 3008: 3005: 2993: 2989: 2988: 2981: 2980: 2974: 2960: 2954: 2949: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2900: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2880: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2864: 2860: 2859: 2853: 2849: 2843: 2834: 2828: 2818: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2803: 2797: 2772: 2771: 2763: 2754: 2752: 2746:85,000 troops 2743: 2742:brigade group 2739: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2704: 2695: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2676: 2672: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2638: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2600:After Dunkirk 2597: 2575: 2572: 2564: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2530: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2517:11th Brigades 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2485: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2438: 2437: 2431: 2429: 2421: 2410: 2405: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2361: 2355: 2350: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2304: 2293: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2257:Canal du Nord 2254: 2244: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2214: 2212: 2204:The RAF lost 2185: 2178: 2149: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2124:Bren carriers 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2101: 2095: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2066: 2061: 2054: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2023: 2017: 2012: 2008: 1993: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1938: 1933: 1922: 1918: 1912: 1907: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1881:Thomas Priday 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1838: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1735: 1731: 1725: 1721: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1642:Saint Nazaire 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1556: 1545: 1541: 1538: 1537:Munich Crisis 1525: 1516: 1515: 1503: 1502: 1488: 1487: 1477: 1476: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1435: 1433: 1427: 1425: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1379: 1377: 1360: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1320: 1316: 1314: 1304: 1300: 1294: 1289: 1288:Ten Year Rule 1269: 1267: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1232: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1189:retreated to 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1164:Western Front 1161: 1156: 1155: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1134: 1133: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1097:Ten Year Rule 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1061: 1060:Schuster Line 1058: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1001: 998: 997: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 955: 952: 949: 948: 945: 944: 940: 938: 937: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 920: 916: 912: 911:Haddock Force 909: 908: 907: 904: 902: 901: 897: 895: 894: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 876: 873: 871: 870: 866: 865: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 843: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 816: 812: 811: 808: 805: 804: 801: 796: 786: 781: 779: 774: 772: 767: 766: 763: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 727: 726: 725: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 672: 671: 667: 666: 665: 664: 660: 658: 657: 653: 651: 650: 646: 642: 639: 637: 634: 633: 632: 631: 627: 625: 624: 620: 618: 617: 613: 611: 610: 606: 604: 603: 599: 598: 597: 596: 595: 588: 585: 583: 582:Colmar Pocket 580: 578: 575: 573: 572: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 555: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 538: 537:Market Garden 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 521: 517: 515: 514: 510: 508: 507: 503: 501: 498: 497: 496: 495: 487: 484: 482: 479: 478: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 466: 462: 460: 459: 455: 454: 453: 452: 446: 445: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 420: 419: 418: 417: 408: 407:Haddock Force 405: 404: 403: 400: 398: 397: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 379: 378: 374: 373: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 338: 337: 336: 335: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 312: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 297: 296: 295: 294: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 248: 247: 246: 245: 238: 237:Schuster Line 235: 234: 233: 232: 231: 224: 223: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 203: 202: 201: 195: 190: 180: 175: 173: 168: 166: 161: 160: 157: 152:Military unit 145: 142: 136: 131: 126: 119: 114: 110: 104: 100: 97: 96:Low Countries 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 44: 43:Bren carriers 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 9047:Bibliography 9030: 8843:Project Hula 8808:Vistula–Oder 8777: 8710: 8701: 8685: 8655: 8604: 8588: 8579: 8570: 8536: 8433: 8348: 8324: 8294: 8045: 7938: 7883:North Africa 7585:Soviet Union 7539:Soviet Union 7465:Soviet Union 7233:Vatican City 7136:Vichy France 7041:German Reich 6938:Soviet Union 6924:South Africa 6917:Sierra Leone 6870:Newfoundland 6689:Participants 6672:Marocchinate 6376: 6367: 6337: 6215:North Africa 6176:Indian Ocean 6035:Nazi plunder 5926:Cryptography 5799:World War II 5571:Commonwealth 5430: 5316:. 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Retrieved 3334: 3325: 3306: 3287: 3281: 3236:16 to 21 May 3176: 3166: 3146: 3142:20,548 motor 3075:Lionel Ellis 3072: 3009: 3000:3,500 people 2986: 2965: 2927:Norman Force 2923: 2907: 2885: 2868: 2857: 2830: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2776: 2769: 2735: 2723: 2717:River Bresle 2667: 2628: 2586:198,315 men, 2560: 2487: 2427: 2422: 2406: 2404:assistance. 2397:headquarters 2366: 2299: 2290:River Scarpe 2265: 2250: 2228:River Dendre 2220: 2186: 2156: 2097: 2055: 2028: 1975: 1953:Henri Giraud 1945:Seventh Army 1927: 1843: 1785:Welsh Guards 1759: 1740: 1697:Maginot Line 1661: 1603: 1591:, arrive in 1553: 1543: 1533: 1428: 1420: 1408: 1340:regular army 1328: 1318: 1309: 1226: 1206:Maginot Line 1199: 1168: 1113: 1089:Nazi Germany 1081:British Army 1076: 1072: 1070: 1024: 1016: 942: 934: 917: 898: 892: 868: 842:Weygand Plan 840: 836:Maginot Line 815:Royal Marine 813: 723: 722: 669: 662: 655: 648: 628: 622: 615: 608: 601: 592: 591: 570: 553: 536: 519: 512: 505: 493: 492: 464: 457: 450: 449: 443: 414: 413: 395: 376: 332: 331: 310: 291: 290: 242: 241: 228: 227: 220: 198: 189:World War II 112:Part of 25: 8778:Bodenplatte 8664:Gothic Line 7890:West Africa 7437:Philippines 7416:Netherlands 7281:Czech lands 7219:Switzerland 7163:Afghanistan 7107:Philippines 6975:Puerto Rico 6891:Philippines 6877:New Zealand 6863:Netherlands 6816:Free France 6567:Prosecution 6368:Osoaviakhim 6238:West Africa 6222:East Africa 5869:Conferences 5716:West Africa 5671:Middle East 5631:East Africa 5060:Hancock, K. 4515:Collier, B. 4432:War Diaries 4309:Postan 1952 4132:Tackle 2009 4027:Ripley 2004 4023:Sydnor 1977 3996:20 December 3935:12 December 3828:Tackle 2009 3569:Tackle 2009 3470:Postan 1952 3458:Postan 1952 3446:Postan 1952 3430:Postan 1952 3418:Postan 1952 3406:Postan 1952 3391:Postan 1952 3367:Postan 1952 3355:Postan 1952 3196:Map gallery 3134:2,472 guns, 3122:light tanks 3106:19–23 June. 3098:22,656 more 3079:191,870 men 3016:191,870 BEF 3004:German Army 2968:15–25 June, 2788:67 merchant 2751:Howard-Vyse 2588:a total of 2493:Alan Brooke 2377:Royal Scots 2217:BEF retreat 2198:250 fighter 2068:(12–14 May) 1971:André Corap 1935: [ 1854:Armentières 1730:Southampton 1713:Netherlands 1630:Southampton 1412:Duff Cooper 1359:light tanks 1344:5,000 motor 1301:towed by a 1253:11,014 were 1187:Somme River 988:Afsluitdijk 951:Netherlands 623:Blockbuster 531:Netherlands 486:Dieppe Raid 281:Afsluitdijk 206:River Forth 146:(Lord Gort) 9070:Categories 8878:West Hunan 8711:Pointblank 8047:Silver Fox 8033:Summer War 7786:Winter War 7765:Phoney War 7546:Azerbaijan 7507:Yugoslavia 7402:Luxembourg 7244:Resistance 6984:Yugoslavia 6849:Luxembourg 6651:Sook Ching 6447:War crimes 6049:Technology 6042:Opposition 5984:Lend-Lease 5961:Australian 5954:Home front 5912:Blitzkrieg 5862:Casualties 5853:Commanders 5825:Operations 5585:Commands ( 5491:I Airborne 5466:Fourteenth 5102:21 October 5041:I.B.Tauris 5039:. London: 4782:21 October 4622:21 October 4556:(2014a) . 4544:21 October 4420:References 4381:Ellis 2004 4357:Ellis 2004 4333:Ellis 2004 4279:Ellis 2004 4267:Ellis 2004 4255:Ellis 2004 4243:Ellis 2004 4195:Ellis 2004 4183:Ellis 2004 4144:Ellis 2004 4128:Ellis 2004 4116:Ellis 2004 4104:Ellis 2004 4087:Ellis 2004 4075:Ellis 2004 3966:24 January 3876:Ellis 2004 3581:Ellis 2004 3542:Ellis 2004 3530:Ellis 2004 3506:Ellis 2004 3494:Ellis 2004 3434:Ellis 2004 3272:13–25 June 3190:41,338 men 3173:Casualties 2987:Lancastria 2973:St Nazaire 2910:Tenth Army 2874:blockships 2858:Codrington 2815:7:30 a.m., 2790:ships and 2783:100 rounds 2779:11:00 p.m. 2698:Second BEF 2661:Brigadier 2631:22/23 May, 2609:See also: 2582:27,936 men 2578:10:20 a.m. 2567:11:00 a.m. 2414:11:30 a.m. 2401:Le Paradis 2253:small arms 2224:Willebroek 2194:152 bomber 2159:10–11 May, 2031:4:35 a.m., 2005:See also: 1846:Phoney War 1807:Phoney War 1705:Saar Force 1693:Third Army 1622:Portsmouth 1604:After the 1570:Phoney War 1568:See also: 1391:See also: 1382:Rearmament 1376:War Office 1352:379 tanks, 1315:(CID) was 1277:Background 1261:41,338 men 1249:66,426 men 1210:Tenth Army 1175:Dyle River 1144:Phoney War 1126:First Army 1101:Royal Navy 1053:Luxembourg 958:Maastricht 943:Fall Braun 831:Montcornet 630:Lumberjack 500:Baby Blitz 465:Donnerkeil 423:Kanalkampf 346:Montcornet 251:Maastricht 230:Luxembourg 200:Phoney War 140:commanders 133:Commanders 8943:Manchuria 8829:Indochina 8605:Bagration 8056:Lithuania 7701:Anschluss 7498:Viet Minh 7395:Lithuania 7337:Hong Kong 7100:Manchukuo 7055:Azad Hind 6714:Australia 6514:Aftermath 6377:Paperclip 6272:Aftermath 6072:Total war 5940:Diplomacy 5903:In Europe 5747:Deception 5686:Palestine 5651:GHQ India 5626:Cyrenaica 5601:Aldershot 5312:500402799 5285:879390776 5258:557366960 5013:(1982) . 5011:Horne, A. 4801:773604722 4777:881709135 4761:(1957) . 4732:459583161 4595:(2004) . 4517:(2004) . 3680:Rowe 1959 3554:Bond 2001 3518:Bond 2001 3482:Bond 2001 3340:25 August 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9003:document 8913:document 8770:Ardennes 8754:Budapest 8702:Crossbow 8580:Overlord 8419:Smolensk 7637:Timeline 7472:Slovakia 7458:Thailand 7309:Ethiopia 7274:Bulgaria 7198:Portugal 7129:Thailand 7011:Bulgaria 6789:Eswatini 6782:Ethiopia 6735:Bulgaria 6560:Unit 731 6521:Response 6338:Keelhaul 6288:Cold War 6261:Americas 6252:timeline 6245:Atlantic 6125:Theaters 5721:Western 5711:Southern 5696:Scottish 5676:Northern 5646:Far East 5420:Armies ( 5227:21094641 5200:59260791 5166:16723453 5035:(2000). 4957:(1976). 4653:(2003). 4585:58962526 4454:Bond, B. 4408:Archived 3157:IV Corps 3047:Analysis 2936:Argentan 2918:Merville 2884:SS 2833:Arkforce 2821:Le Havre 2807:Boadicea 2768:SS 2728:and the 2647:Brittany 2463:bayonets 2430:Division 2312:Boulogne 2276:Doullens 2236:Termonde 2232:Maubeuge 2209:reached 2206:30 of 71 2143:Ardennes 1921:Rumegies 1878:Corporal 1766:infantry 1711:and the 1676:II Corps 1650:Weymouth 1547:— 1519:(non-AA) 1499:376,299 1491:Field/AA 1489:vehicles 1478:Carriers 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June 5206:23 June 5172:23 June 5150:Reports 5062:(ed.). 4765:(ed.). 4682:Dunkirk 4599:(ed.). 4521:(ed.). 3104:, from 3066:England 3023:368,491 2990:in the 2863:schuyts 2850:sent a 2802:Bulldog 2675:Béthune 2671:Andelle 2571:Admiral 2533:Dunkirk 2459:Cambrai 2409:mortars 2308:Channel 2164:135 RAF 2131:of the 2108:Louvain 1989:Tilburg 1874:Roubaix 1862:Scheldt 1830:General 1823:General 1795:), the 1734:England 1709:Belgium 1695:on the 1664:I Corps 1559:Prelude 1512:13,561 1484:11,647 1272:History 1191:Dunkirk 1115:General 1000:Belgium 978:Zeeland 925:Lagarde 863:Dunkirk 718:Hamburg 688:TF Baum 670:Varsity 663:Plunder 641:Cologne 636:Remagen 616:Grenade 594:Germany 560:Scheldt 520:Dragoon 416:Britain 371:Dunkirk 293:Belgium 271:Zeeland 138:Notable 105:390,000 70:Britain 67:Country 8957:Debate 8929:Taipei 8922:Borneo 8500:Tarawa 7694:Europe 7655:Africa 7444:Poland 7430:Norway 7409:Malaya 7388:Latvia 7330:Greece 7316:France 7212:Sweden 7177:Bhutan 6898:Poland 6884:Norway 6856:Mexico 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7365:Korea 7351:Japan 7344:Italy 7226:Tibet 7205:Spain 7076:Italy 6837:Italy 6830:India 6754:China 6629:Japan 6229:Italy 6141:China 6093:Women 5730:Other 5666:Malta 5641:Egypt 5621:Burma 5456:Tenth 5451:Ninth 5436:First 4891:Books 4680:after 3298:Notes 3149:Trier 3058:Dover 2992:Loire 2966:From 2505:Ypres 2272:Arras 2230:from 2157:From 2112:Wavre 2045:Stuka 2040:Ju 87 1984:Breda 1939:] 1870:Lille 1864:) at 1858:Menin 1646:Dover 1504:2-pdr 1481:above 1471:7,096 1468:5,025 1463:Tanks 1458:1939 1455:1938 1371:69 of 1348:500 a 1025:David 919:Cycle 893:Paula 887:Lille 848:Arras 826:Sedan 565:Bulge 554:Queen 396:Paula 390:Lille 356:Arras 341:Sedan 311:David 8799:1945 8527:1944 8368:1943 8296:Blue 8286:Attu 8193:1942 7952:1941 7804:1940 7742:1939 7671:Asia 7518:POWs 7358:Jews 7069:Iraq 6995:Axis 6945:Tuva 6761:Cuba 5846:Axis 5737:ABDA 5596:Aden 5587:list 5546:XIII 5521:VIII 5477:list 5422:list 5406:21st 5401:18th 5396:15th 5391:11th 5382:list 5320:2018 5308:OCLC 5293:2018 5281:OCLC 5266:2018 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