1407:
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1200:
tasked with directing the society's overall policy, managing all business related to the society, amending, making or repealing the society's standing orders and acting as trustees for the society's possessions and estates. Members are elected annually via a postal ballot, and current standing orders mean that at least ten seats must change hands each year. The council may establish (and is assisted by) a variety of committees, which can include not only fellows but also outside scientists. Under the charter, the president, two secretaries and the treasurer are collectively the officers of the society. The current officers are:
1290:
47:
1174:
98 are known as the "Original
Fellows". After the expiration of this two-month period, any appointments were to be made by the president, council and existing fellows. Many early fellows were not scientists or particularly eminent intellectuals; it was clear that the early society could not rely on financial assistance from the king, and scientifically trained fellows were few and far between. It was, therefore, necessary to secure the favour of wealthy or important individuals for the society's survival. While the entrance fee of £4 and the subscription rate of one
748:. Because of the laxness of fellows in paying their subscriptions, the society ran into financial difficulty during this time; by 1740, the society had a deficit of £240. This continued into 1741, at which point the treasurer began dealing harshly with fellows who had not paid. The business of the society at this time continued to include the demonstration of experiments and the reading of formal and important scientific papers, along with the demonstration of new scientific devices and queries about scientific matters from both Britain and Europe.
863:
their scientific achievements and that the number of fellows elected a year be limited to 15. This limit was increased to 17 in 1930 and 20 in 1937; it is currently 52. This had a number of effects on the society: first, the society's membership became almost entirely scientific, with few political
Fellows or patrons. Second, the number of Fellows was significantly reduced—between 1700 and 1850, the number of Fellows rose from approximately 100 to approximately 750. From then until 1941, the total number of Fellows was always between 400 and 500.
239:
663:
511:
inspire the French to follow the
English, or, at least, did help them, and hinder us. But 'tis well known who were the principal men that began and promoted that design, both in this city and in Oxford; and that a long while before Mr Oldenburg came into England. And not only these Philosophic Meetings were before Mr Oldenburg came from Paris; but the Society itself was begun before he came hither; and those who then knew Mr Oldenburg, understood well enough how little he himself knew of philosophic matter.
989:
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265:
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1128:(FRS). The rights and responsibilities of fellows also include a duty to financially contribute to the society, the right to stand for council posts and the right to elect new fellows. Up to 52 fellows are elected each year and in 2014 there were about 1,450 living members in total. Election to the fellowship is decided by ten sectional committees (each covering a subject area or set of subjects areas) which consist of existing fellows.
867:
14 days before the general meeting, with the intent being to ensure the election of competent
Officers by making it readily apparent what existing Officers were doing. This was accompanied by a full list of Fellows standing for Council positions, where previously the names had only been announced a couple of days before. As with the other reforms, this helped ensure that Fellows had a chance to vet and properly consider candidates.
431:
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1110:
316:), with up to 73 new fellows appointed each year from a pool of around 800 candidates. There are also royal fellows, honorary fellows and foreign members. Up to 24 new foreign members are appointed each year (from the same pool of 800) and they are allowed to use the postnominal title ForMemRS (Foreign Member of the Royal Society). The Royal Society president is
1159:. Foreign members are scientists from non-Commonwealth nations "who are eminent for their scientific discoveries and attainments". Eight are elected each year by the society and also hold their membership for life. Foreign members are permitted to use the post-nominal ForMemRS (Foreign Member of the Royal Society) and as of August 2020 number about 185.
1398:. The Royal Society spent several million on renovations adapting it to become the Kavli Royal Society International Centre, a venue for residential science seminars. The centre held its first scientific meeting on 1 June 2010 and was formally opened on 21 June 2010. The Centre was permanently closed on 18 June 2020 and the building was sold in 2021.
654:, moved in a council meeting on 30 September 1667 to appoint a committee "for raising contributions among the members of the society, in order to build a college". These plans were progressing by November 1667, but never came to anything, given the lack of contributions from members and the "unrealised—perhaps unrealistic"—aspirations of the society.
1042:(barred helmet) on the final design, which is used. This is contrary to the heraldic rules, as a society or corporation normally has an esquire's helmet (closed helmet); it is thought that either the engraver was ignorant of this rule, which was not strictly adhered to until around 1615, or that he used the peer's helmet as a compliment to
1163:
1530:, the society's first secretary. It remains the oldest and longest-running scientific journal in the world. It now publishes themed issues on specific topics and, since 1886, has been divided into two parts; A, which deals with mathematics and the physical sciences, and B, which deals with the biological sciences.
292:. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, recognising excellence in science, supporting outstanding science, providing scientific advice for policy, education and public engagement and fostering international and global co-operation. Founded on 28 November 1660, it was granted a
1155:. Honorary fellows are people who are ineligible to be elected as fellows but nevertheless have "rendered signal service to the cause of science, or whose election would significantly benefit the Society by their great experience in other walks of life". Six honorary fellows have been elected to date, including
980:(POFMA), with four prominent (criminal) cases within the first months of the COVID-19 outbreak. POFMA also lifted any exemptions for internet intermediaries which legally required social media companies like Google, Facebook, Twitter and Baidu to immediately correct cases of misinformation on their platforms."
1173:
The appointment of fellows was first authorised in the second charter, issued on 22 April 1663, which allowed the president and council, in the two months following the signing, to appoint as fellows any individual they saw fit. This saw the appointment of 94 fellows on 20 May and 4 on 22 June; these
1120:
The society's core members are the fellows: scientists and engineers from the United
Kingdom and the Commonwealth selected based on having made "a substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science and medical science". Fellows are elected for
510:
makes, then, Mr
Oldenburg to have been the instrument, who inspired the English with a desire to imitate the French, in having Philosophical Clubs, or Meetings; and that this was the occasion of founding the Royal Society, and making the French the first. I will not say, that Mr Oldenburg did rather
908:
On 22 March 1945, the first female
Fellows were elected to the Royal Society. This followed a statutory amendment in 1944 that read "Nothing herein contained shall render women ineligible as candidates", and was contained in Chapter 1 of Statute 1. Because of the difficulty of co-ordinating all the
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and other societies there. The
Academy moved in 1867, while other societies joined when their facilities were built. The Royal Society moved there in 1873, taking up residence in the East Wing. The top floor was used as accommodation for the Assistant Secretary, while the library was scattered over
866:
The period did lead to some reform of internal
Society statutes, such as in 1823 and 1831. The most important change there was the requirement that the Treasurer publish an annual report, along with a copy of the total income and expenditure of the society. These were to be sent to Fellows at least
820:
became president in
November 1778, he began planning the move. Somerset House, while larger than Crane Court, was not satisfying to the fellows; the room to store the library was too small, the accommodation was insufficient and there was not enough room to store the museum at all. As a result, the
751:
Some modern research has asserted that the claims of the society's degradation during the 18th century are false. Richard Sorrenson writes that "far from having 'fared ingloriously', the society experienced a period of significant productivity and growth throughout the eighteenth century", pointing
311:
The society is governed by its Council, which is chaired by the society's president, according to a set of statutes and standing orders. The members of Council and the president are elected from and by its Fellows, the basic members of the society, who are themselves elected by existing Fellows. As
406:
In letters dated 1646 and 1647, Boyle refers to "our invisible college" or "our philosophical college". The society's common theme was to acquire knowledge through experimental investigation. Three dated letters are the basic documentary evidence: Boyle sent them to Isaac Marcombes (Boyle's former
1636:, one of the founding members of the Royal Society. The Croonian Lecture is still awarded on an annual basis and is considered the most important Royal Society prize for the biological sciences. Although the Croonian Lecture was created in 1701, it was first awarded in 1738, seven years after the
1377:
Carlton House Terrace underwent a series of renovations between 1999 and November 2003 to improve and standardise the property. New waiting, exhibition and reception rooms were created in the house at No.7, using the Magna Boschi marble found in No.8, and greenish grey Statuario Venato marble was
1178:
a week should have produced £600 a year for the society, many fellows paid neither regularly nor on time. Two-thirds of the fellows in 1663 were non-scientists; this rose to 71.6% in 1800 before dropping to 47.4% in 1860 as the financial security of the society became more certain. In May 1846, a
1054:
Fellows and foreign members are required to sign a book when they join the Royal Society. This book is known as the Charter Book, which has been signed continuously since 1663. All British monarchs have signed the book since then, apart from William and Mary, and Queen Anne. In 2019, the book was
975:
and approved by her colleagues on the "Science in Emergencies Tasking – COVID" in an October 2020 report entitled "COVID-19 vaccine deployment: Behaviour, ethics, misinformation and policy strategies". The SET-C committee favoured legislation from China, Singapore and South Korea, and found that
874:
of scientific research of £1,000 per year; this was supplemented in the financial year 1876/1877 by a Government Fund of £4,000 per year, with the society acting as the administering body of these funds, distributing grants to scientists. The Government Fund came to an end after a period of five
862:
established a Charters Committee "with a view to obtaining a supplementary Charter from the Crown", aimed primarily at looking at ways to restrict membership. The Committee recommended that the election of Fellows take place on one day every year, that the Fellows be selected on consideration of
728:, he used his position to appoint an "impartial" committee to decide it, eventually publishing a report written by himself in the committee's name. In 1705, the society was informed that it could no longer rent Gresham College and began a search for new premises. After unsuccessfully applying to
1358:
in 1967. The ground floor and basement are used for ceremonies, social and publicity events, the first floor hosts facilities for Fellows and Officers of the society, and the second and third floors are divided between offices and accommodation for the President, Executive Director and Fellows.
1199:
The council is a body consisting of 20 to 24 Fellows, including the officers (the president, the treasurer, two secretaries—one from the physical sciences, one from life sciences—and the foreign secretary), one fellow to represent each sectional committee and seven other fellows. The council is
1267:
left the president as one of the few individuals capable of certifying that a particular experiment on an animal was justified. In addition, the president is to act as the government's chief (albeit informal) advisor on scientific matters. Yet another task is that of entertaining distinguished
1276:
The society is assisted by a number of full-time paid staff. The original charter provided for "two or more Operators of Experiments, and two or more clerks"; as the number of books in the society's collection grew, it also became necessary to employ a curator. The staff grew as the financial
7128:
1297:
The society has a variety of functions and activities. It supports modern science by disbursing over £100 million to fund almost 1,000 research fellowships for both early and late-career scientists, along with innovation, mobility and research capacity grants. Its
1251:
The president of the Royal Society is the head of both the society and the council. The details for the presidency were set out in the second charter and initially had no limit on how long a president could serve; under current society statute, the term is five years.
701:
invented blunted ones. During the argument that occurred when deciding which to use, opponents of Franklin's invention accused supporters of being American allies rather than being British, and the debate eventually led to the resignation of the society's president,
959:
added its power to shape public discourse and proposed "legislation and punishment of those who produced and disseminated false information" about the experimental medical interventions. This was brought to popular notice in January 2020 by a retired justice of the
756:
wrote that the practice of pure mathematics in Britain was weak, laying the blame at the doorstep of the society, the practice of mixed mathematics was strong and although there were not many eminent members of the society, some did contribute vast amounts –
1006:
in a dexter corner of a shield argent our three Lions of England, and for crest a helm adorned with a crown studded with florets, surmounted by an eagle of proper colour holding in one foot a shield charged with our lions: supporters two white hounds gorged with
792:, whom Hardwicke helped elect. Under Macclesfield, the circle reached its "zenith", with members such as Lord Willoughby and Birch serving as vice-president and secretary respectively. The circle also influenced goings-on in other learned societies, such as the
7542:
1311:. In 2008, the society opened the Royal Society Enterprise Fund, intended to invest in new scientific companies and be self-sustaining, funded (after an initial set of donations on the 350th anniversary of the society) by the returns from its investments.
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in 1661 of a "'Philosophical College", with houses, a library and a chapel. The society's ideas were simpler and only included residences for a handful of staff, but Hunter maintains an influence from Cowley and Skytte's ideas. Henry Oldenburg and
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had increased thanks to the growing number of Fellows. Therefore, the Library Committee asked the Council to petition Her Majesty's Government to find new facilities, with the advice being to bring all the scientific societies, such as the
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elected in 1772. By this point, the previous Whig "majority" had been reduced to a "faction", with Birch and Willoughby no longer involved, and the circle declined in the same time frame as the political party did in British politics under
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During the 18th century, the gusto that had characterised the early years of the society faded; with a small number of scientific "greats" compared to other periods, little of note was done. In the second half, it became customary for
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736:, on 26 October 1710. This included offices, accommodation and a collection of curiosities. Although the overall fellowship contained few noted scientists, most of the council were highly regarded, and included at various times
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used in other areas to standardise the design. An effort was also made to make the layout of the buildings easier, consolidating all the offices on one floor, Fellows' Rooms on another and all the accommodation on a third.
1987:
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years, after which the Government Grant was increased to £4,000 a year in total. This grant has now grown to over £47 million, some £37 million of which is to support around 370 fellowships and professorships.
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The 18th century featured remedies to many of the society's early problems. The number of fellows had increased from 110 to approximately 300 by 1739, the reputation of the society had increased under the presidency of
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committee recommended limiting the annual intake of members to 15 and insisting on scientific eminence; this was implemented, with the result being that the society now consists exclusively of scientific fellows.
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serving as the first president. A second royal charter was signed on 23 April 1663, with the king noted as the founder and with the name of "the Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge";
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all come with prize money intended to finance research, and it provides subsidised communications and media skills courses for research scientists. Much of this activity is supported by a grant from the
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position of the society improved, mainly consisting of outsiders, along with a small number of scientists who were required to resign their fellowship on employment. The current executive director is
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582:, who was appointed in 1684. These experiments varied in their subject area, and were both important in some cases and trivial in others. The society also published an English translation of
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to create a diploma for it, and when the second charter was signed on 22 April 1663 the arms were granted to the president, council and fellows of the society along with their successors.
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to refer highly important scientific questions to the council of the society for advice, something that, despite the non-partisan nature of the society, spilled into politics in 1777 over
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of the United Kingdom. Since the middle of the 18th century, government problems involving science were irregularly referred to the society, and by 1800 it was done regularly.
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706:. During the same time period, it became customary to appoint society fellows to serve on government committees where science was concerned, something that still continues.
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1139:'s role in promoting and supporting the society, who are recommended by the society's council and elected via postal vote. There are currently four royal fellows:
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every room and the old caretaker's apartment was converted into offices. One flaw was the lack of space for the office staff, which was then approximately eighty.
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in a letter dated 3 September 1659; he suggested a grander scheme, with apartments for members and a central research institute. Similar schemes were expounded by
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was appointed as Curator of Experiments in November. This initial royal favour has continued and, since then, every monarch has been the patron of the society.
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1191:, according to a set of statutes and standing orders. The members of council, the president, and the other officers are elected from and by its fellowship.
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told the society that it was allowed to use the arms of England as part of its coat and the society "now resolv'd that the armes of the Society should be,
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8072:
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913:, a ballot on making the change was conducted via the post, with 336 Fellows supporting the change and 37 opposing. Following approval by the Council,
1640:. The Copley Medal is the oldest Royal Society medal still in use and is awarded for "outstanding achievements in research in any branch of science".
9342:
8166:
8161:
8017:
7818:
7705:
3991:
1156:
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475:, there were regular meetings at Gresham College. It is widely held that these groups were the inspiration for the foundation of the Royal Society.
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publishing high-quality original research across the entire range of science on the basis of objective peer-review. All the society's journals are
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8027:
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968:, who in his broadside wrote "Science advances by confronting contrary arguments, not by suppressing them." The proposal was authored by
601:
There had been an attempt in 1667 to establish a permanent "college" for the society. Michael Hunter argues that this was influenced by "
1837:
1073:
for "Take nobody's word for it". It was adopted to signify the fellows' determination to establish facts via experiments and comes from
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7284:
6909:
4740:
4668:
3399:
3188:
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7014:
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625:, since the founders only intended for the society to act as a location for research and discussion. The first proposal was given by
567:
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1015:. John Evelyn, interested in the early structure of the society, had sketched out at least six possible designs, but in August 1662
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1965:
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and leased by the society; it underwent a major renovation from 2001 to 2004 at the cost of £9.8 million, and was reopened by
858:, which was deeply critical of the society. The scientific Fellows of the society were spurred into action by this, and eventually
844:
The early 19th century has been seen as a time of decline for the society; of 662 fellows in 1830, only 104 had contributed to the
2927:
2747:
732:
for new premises, and asking the trustees of Cotton House if they could meet there, the council bought two houses in Crane Court,
584:
Essays of Natural Experiments Made in the Accademia del Cimento, under the Protection of the Most Serene Prince Leopold of Tuscany
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decided to commence a "Colledge for the Promoting of Physico-Mathematicall Experimentall Learning". Amongst those founders were
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elected to be a Fellow of the Royal Society. Cartwright was also the first woman to serve on the Council of the Royal Society.
720:
were appearing regularly. During his time as president, Newton arguably abused his authority; in a dispute between himself and
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17:
4455:
Miller, David Philip (1998). "The 'Hardwicke Circle': The Whig Supremacy and Its Demise in the 18th-Century Royal Society".
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1660:
1100:
598:, which did not harm Gresham but did lead to its appropriation by the Lord Mayor. The society returned to Gresham in 1673.
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669:
FRS, President of Royal Society, 1703–1727. Newton was one of the earliest Fellows of the Royal Society, elected in 1672.
395:
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1628:
The Royal Society presents numerous awards, lectures, and medals to recognise scientific achievement. The oldest is the
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and was most prominent in the 1750s and '60s. The circle had Birch elected secretary and, following the resignation of
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supremacy" as the so-called "Hardwicke Circle" of Whig-leaning scientists held the society's main Offices. Named after
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The society also elects royal fellows, honorary fellows and foreign members. Royal fellows are those members of the
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Another view of the founding, held at the time, was that it was due to the influence of French scientists and the
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out that many of the sources critical accounts are based on are in fact written by those with an agenda. While
31:
3962:"The Royal Society sets 75% threshold to 'flip' its research journals to Open Access over the next five years"
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320:, who took up the post and started his five-year term on 30 November 2020, replacing the previous president,
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2479:"The Royal Society and the Government Grant: Notes on the Administration of Scientific Research, 1849–1914"
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is a Grade I listed building and the current headquarters of the Royal Society, which had moved there from
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in 1657, reports of which were sent back to England by English scientists attending. This view was held by
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On 28 November 1660, which is considered the official foundation date of the Royal Society, a meeting at
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1942:
The Commerce of Letters: Networks and "Invisible Colleges" in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Europe
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publishes short research articles and opinion pieces on all areas of biology and was launched in 2005.
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on 30 November 2020. Historically, the duties of the president have been both formal and social. The
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publishes cross-disciplinary research at the boundary between the physical and life sciences, while
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has been described as a precursor group to the Royal Society of London, consisting of a number of
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The history of the Royal Society of London: for the improving of natural knowledge. By Tho. Sprat
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1721:
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societies, under one roof. In August 1866, the government announced their intention to refurbish
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30:
This article is about the national academy of science in the United Kingdom. For other uses, see
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Sorrenson, Richard (1996). "Towards a History of the Royal Society in the Eighteenth Century".
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in 1781 and the library was extended to two rooms, one of which was used for council meetings.
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9131:
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8220:
4278:
Hunter, Michael (1984). "A 'College' for the Royal Society: The Abortive Plan of 1667–1668".
1863:
Science Academies in the 21st Century: Can they address the world's challenges in novel ways?
1780:
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3579:"Milton Keynes wedding venue 'to close permanently' due to impact from coronavirus lockdown"
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680:, leader of the "Hardwicke Circle" that dominated society politics during the 1750s and '60s
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2658:"Dame Mary (Lucy) Cartwright, D.B.E. 17 December 1900 – 3 April 1998: Elected F.R.S. 1947"
1366:
as two blocks of houses, with a space in between them. The building is still owned by the
8:
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8284:
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The society introduced the world's first journal exclusively devoted to science in 1665,
1327:
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1038:
The helmet of the arms was not specified in the charter, but the engraver sketched out a
1032:
690:
528:
472:
442:
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367:
289:
8999:
8830:
4376:
Lyons, H.G. (1939). "The Composition of the Fellowship and the Council of the Society".
4254:
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2436:
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1961:
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consists of freely submitted research articles and is similarly divided into two parts.
1021:
a field Argent, with a canton of the armes of England; the supporters two talbots Argent
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1945:
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The society's early meetings included experiments performed first by Hooke and then by
387:
321:
238:
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4663:
3314:
816:. The property was offered to the society by His Majesty's Government and, as soon as
8849:
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6548:
4633:
4545:
4532:
4476:
4447:
4299:
4266:
4241:
4229:
4217:
4186:
Hall, Marie Boas (1981). "Public Science in Britain: The Role of the Royal Society".
4121:
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2510:
2394:
1748:
1726:
1711:
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Miscellanea curiosa: Being a collection of some of the principal phaenomena in nature
1079:
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721:
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450:
399:
from 1624/5. The term accrued currency in the exchanges of correspondence within the
363:
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4630:
Rescuing Science from Politics: Regulation and the Distortion of Scientific Research
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46:
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4713:, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Stephen Pumphrey, Lisa Jardine & Michael Hunter (
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is published twice annually and contains extended obituaries of deceased Fellows.
1420:
662:
312:
of 2020, there are about 1,700 fellows, allowed to use the postnominal title FRS (
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Through Royal Society Publishing, the society publishes the following journals:
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6652:
6377:
4262:
4188:
1699:
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1394:, was bought by the Royal Society for £6.5 million, funded in part by the
1387:
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879:
822:
813:
638:
424:
336:
2494:
1326:
on matters of science. It publishes several reports a year, and serves as the
870:
In 1850 the society accepted the responsibility of administering a government
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8490:
8389:
8242:
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6604:
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2721:
2692:"Mistress of Girton whose mathematical work formed the basis of chaos theory"
2398:
1391:
1367:
1113:
972:
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was signed on 15 July 1662 which created the "Royal Society of London", with
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113:
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833:
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6270:
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4611:
4594:
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4439:
4410:
4389:
4368:
4346:
4329:
4320:
4291:
4270:
4170:
4149:
4112:
4095:
4078:
4057:
4044:
A.C.S. (1938). "Notes on the Foundation and History of the Royal Society".
3291:
2742:
2676:
2657:
2631:
1870:
1637:
1587:
1570:
1474:
1293:
The Royal Society Collections at the University of London History Day, 2019
1278:
1233:
1229:
1001:
993:
871:
856:
Reflections on the Decline of Science in England, and on Some of Its Causes
817:
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733:
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572:
555:
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540:
536:
503:
502:, the society's first secretary, had attended the Montmor Academy meeting.
459:
371:
187:
183:
4065:
Bluhm, R.K. (1958). "Remarks on the Royal Society's Finances, 1660–1768".
3931:
3905:
3749:
3693:
3553:"Opening of The Kavli Royal Society Centre for the Advancement of Science"
3527:""Royal Society snaps up a stately hothouse", Times Online, 29 March 2009"
1187:
The society is governed by its council, which is chaired by the society's
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1601:
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Through its Science Policy Centre, the society acts as an advisor to the
1140:
1025:
an eagle Or holding a shield with the like armes of England, viz. 3 lions
969:
859:
777:
745:
737:
626:
579:
434:
375:
264:
159:
590:. Although meeting at Gresham College, the society temporarily moved to
6695:
6660:
4560:(Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 2009), 9–46.
3084:"The Royal Society, the Foreign Secretary, and International Relations"
2502:
2478:
1949:
1764:
1526:
process now widespread in scientific journals. Its founding editor was
515:
379:
8643:
4620:
4209:
4157:
Fischer, Stephanie (2005). "Report: The Royal Society Redevelopment".
3665:
1962:"JOC/EFR: The Royal Society, August 2004 retrieved online: 2009-05-14"
4706:
A visualisation of the Royal Society's publications from 1665 to 2005
4689:
3668:"The Origin of the Scientific Journal and the Process of Peer Review"
3631:
2726:"Dame Mary (Lucy) Cartwright, D.B.E. 17 December 1900 – 3 April 1998"
2445:
2420:
2389:
2364:
1084:
788:, the circle helped oversee a smooth transition to the presidency of
673:
3237:"Sir Adrian Smith confirmed as President-Elect of the Royal Society"
4761:
elected fellows, foreign, and honorary members of the Royal Society
4556:
Stark, Ryan. "Language Reform in the Late Seventeenth Century", in
4201:
3340:
1904:
1175:
948:
408:
3369:
951:, the Royal Society under the guidance of both Nobel prize-winner
9031:
2928:"The rights and responsibilities of Fellows of the Royal Society"
1579:
768:
Politically within the society, the mid-18th century featured a "
430:
305:
7974:
1944:, The Library Quarterly, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Jan. 2001), pp. 28–43;
1607:
In May 2021, the society announced plans to transition its four
8857:
4397:
Lyons, H.G. (1940). "The Officers of the Society (1662–1860)".
2798:"Spreading anti-vaxx myths 'should be made a criminal offence'"
2618:"Admission of Women into the Fellowship of the Royal Society".
1074:
412:
391:
153:
80:
1109:
935:
Due to overcrowding at Burlington House, the society moved to
8897:
8526:
8367:
North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers
1070:
617:, dedicated research institutes, rather than the colleges at
4656:
4355:
Lyons, H.G. (November 1939). "One Hundred Years Ago. 1839".
2127:"Prince of Wales opens Royal Society's refurbished building"
1756:, in which many of the founders of the Royal Society appear.
374:. The concept of "invisible college" is mentioned in German
8916:
Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities
4558:
Rhetoric, Science, and Magic in Seventeenth-Century England
3694:"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London"
2771:"YouTube censorship is a symptom of a corrosive philosophy"
1381:
282:
The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge
231:
40:
The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge
4486:"The Administrative Staff of the Royal Society, 1663–1861"
4426:
Martin, D.C. (1967). "Former Homes of the Royal Society".
643:
Proposition for the Advancement of Experimental Philosophy
9029:
8758:
8734:
8620:
Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities
4683:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
650:
put forward plans in 1667 and Oldenburg's co-secretary,
586:
in 1684, an Italian book documenting experiments at the
441:
The Royal Society started from groups of physicians and
6754:
4128:
Carré, Meyrick H. "The Formation of the Royal Society"
3724:"Philosophical Transactions A – About the journal"
1046:, a peer and the first President of the Royal Society.
714:
from 1703 until his death in 1727, and editions of the
693:. The pointed lightning conductor had been invented by
8058:
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
3906:"Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society"
2534:
2532:
1698:, a fictional island full of absurd inventions put by
978:
Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act
382:
in England referenced the idea, related in meaning to
358:
Gresham College and the formation of the Royal Society
9353:
Professional associations based in the United Kingdom
3828:"Journal of the Royal Society Interface – About"
1090:
467:" was run under a set of rules still retained by the
463:, from approximately 1645 onwards. A group known as "
8112:
List of UK government scientific research institutes
4701:
Scholarly Societies Project: Royal Society of London
4307:
Lyons, H.G. (1938). "The Growth of the Fellowship".
2730:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
2663:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1562:
is the society's journal of the history of science.
1510:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
9373:
Organizations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic
8003:
Chief Scientific Adviser to the Ministry of Defence
6151:
3750:"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B"
3606:"Chicheley Hall sold for £7m to Pyrrho Investments"
3424:. The Royal Society Enterprise Fund. Archived from
2529:
840:, where the society was based between 1873 and 1967
304:and is the oldest continuously existing scientific
9348:Organisations based in London with royal patronage
8073:Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
1827:"The formal title as adopted in the royal charter"
1686:British Association for the Advancement of Science
1169:was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1974.
1116:was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1884.
796:. After Macclesfield's retirement, the circle had
8018:Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
4564:Summerson, John (1967). "Carlton House Terrace".
3396:"Communication skills and Media training courses"
3262:"The Presidency of the Royal Society of London".
1632:, created in 1701 at the request of the widow of
1446:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
1438:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A
765:with 20 years of detailed, meticulous astronomy.
9333:Members of the International Council for Science
9314:
8300:Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine
4669:Complete list of Royal Society Fellows 1660–2007
4599:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4566:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4513:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4490:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4428:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4399:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4378:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4357:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4334:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4309:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4280:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4226:Christopher Wren: In Search of Eastern Antiquity
4159:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4138:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4100:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4067:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4046:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
2620:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
2129:. The Royal Society. 7 July 2004. Archived from
1624:Awards, lectures and medals of the Royal Society
3603:
1819:
1413:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
1342:The current premises of the Royal Society, 6–9
812:In 1780, the society moved again, this time to
717:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
445:, meeting at a variety of locations, including
8117:Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology
1865:" Treballs de la SCB. Vol. 63, 2012, pp. 390.
1305:Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
327:Since 1967, the society has been based at 6–9
9015:
8701:José Simeón Cañas Central American University
8590:
8280:British Society for the Philosophy of Science
7960:
6740:
6137:
4741:
4239:Henderson, L.J. (1941). "The Royal Society".
2720:
9368:Members of the International Science Council
9358:Scientific organizations established in 1660
7976:Science and technology in the United Kingdom
4136:J.D.G.D. (1938). "The Arms of the Society".
3666:Select Committee on Science and Technology.
3448:Science Policy Centre – 2010 and beyond
1556:, publishes themed issue in the same areas.
4096:"The Earliest Fellows of the Royal Society"
3932:"ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE | Open Science"
3802:"Biology Letters – about this journal"
2566:"Parliamentary Grant Delivery Plan 2011–15"
1666:List of female Fellows of the Royal Society
1284:
1182:
1105:List of female Fellows of the Royal Society
1087:who, having retired, is free from control.
1031:". This was approved by Charles, who asked
498:at the time and has some grounding in that
351:
9022:
9008:
8597:
8583:
7967:
7953:
6747:
6733:
6144:
6130:
4748:
4734:
921:were elected as the first female Fellows.
237:
8127:Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies
8093:Science and Technology Facilities Council
8013:Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
4610:
4563:
4510:
4501:
4345:
4238:
4111:
3090:. Science & Diplomacy. Archived from
2762:
2741:
2675:
2613:
2611:
2444:
2388:
1390:, a Grade I listed building located near
9343:Non-profit organisations based in London
8864:National Autonomous University of Mexico
4483:
4135:
3776:"Proceedings A – about the journal"
3555:. The Royal Society. 15 September 2010.
3494:
3492:
2972:
2846:"Turning a new page in the Charter Book"
2768:
2684:
2204:
2202:
1986:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1419:
1405:
1382:Kavli Royal Society International Centre
1337:
1333:
1288:
1161:
1108:
987:
832:
672:
661:
514:
506:, however, disputed this, writing that:
449:in London. They were influenced by the "
429:
263:
9378:Learned societies of the United Kingdom
8216:National Museum of Science and Industry
8122:Science and Technology Select Committee
4156:
4093:
3463:
2843:
2795:
2476:
2365:"Government Aid to Scientific Research"
2216:
2214:
2029:
2027:
2006:The Royal Society: Concept and Creation
1671:List of presidents of the Royal Society
1441:(mathematics and the physical sciences)
1428:, published by the Royal Society (1705)
1410:Title page of the first edition of the
1247:List of presidents of the Royal Society
437:, who helped to found the Royal Society
14:
9315:
9137:Electrical and electronics engineering
9122:Developmental and reproductive biology
4627:
4592:
4457:Notes and Records of the Royal Society
4454:
4425:
4277:
4043:
3364:
3362:
3111:
3109:
2714:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2608:
1547:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
1489:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
1362:Carlton House Terrace was designed by
27:National academy of sciences of the UK
9003:
8961:Hay Festival of Literature & Arts
8914:
8618:
8578:
8347:The Association for Science Education
7948:
6728:
6125:
4729:
4675:The Royal Society's 350th anniversary
4539:
4396:
4375:
4354:
4327:
4306:
4064:
4020:from the original on 6 September 2015
3489:
3477:from the original on 18 December 2009
3450:. The Royal Society. 2009. p. 3.
3191:from the original on 12 November 2020
3140:
3138:
3081:
2839:
2837:
2789:
2769:Sumption, Jonathan (7 January 2021).
2578:from the original on 11 February 2017
2421:"Government Grants in Aid of Science"
2199:
2121:
2119:
2104:from the original on 28 November 2022
1998:
1925:
1884:
1346:, London (first four properties only)
1309:University Research Fellowships (URF)
1307:, most of which is channelled to the
947:To show support for vaccines against
378:pamphlets in the early 17th century.
268:Entrance to the Royal Society at 6–9
9363:Social history of the United Kingdom
8607:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award
8558:
8496:Sites of Special Scientific Interest
8385:Campaign for Science and Engineering
8107:Food and Environment Research Agency
8083:Natural Environment Research Council
8063:Economic and Social Research Council
8053:Arts and Humanities Research Council
4690:The Royal Society Publishing website
4664:List of Fellows of the Royal Society
4185:
3942:from the original on 1 December 2016
3704:from the original on 6 November 2018
3674:from the original on 27 January 2015
3670:. Parliament of the United Kingdom.
3402:from the original on 3 December 2009
3243:from the original on 24 October 2020
3217:from the original on 27 October 2020
2702:from the original on 6 November 2004
2517:from the original on 3 November 2023
2211:
2145:
2024:
1661:List of Fellows of the Royal Society
1101:List of Fellows of the Royal Society
8957:Guadalajara International Book Fair
6756:International Science Council (ISC)
3882:. The Royal Society. Archived from
3856:. The Royal Society. Archived from
3830:. The Royal Society. Archived from
3804:. The Royal Society. Archived from
3726:. The Royal Society. Archived from
3638:from the original on 23 August 2015
3529:. Timesonline.co.uk. Archived from
3422:"The Royal Society Enterprise Fund"
3370:"Awards, medals and prize lectures"
3359:
3347:from the original on 9 October 2014
3321:from the original on 1 October 2017
3148:. The Royal Society. Archived from
3119:. The Royal Society. Archived from
3106:
2982:. The Royal Society. Archived from
2956:. The Royal Society. Archived from
2930:. The Royal Society. Archived from
2904:. The Royal Society. Archived from
2796:Knapton, Sarah (10 November 2020).
2777:from the original on 8 January 2021
2646:
1903:. The Royal Society. Archived from
1752:, a series of historical novels by
1717:List of British professional bodies
1121:life and gain the right to use the
962:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
396:The Fortunate Isles and Their Union
24:
8008:Council for Science and Technology
4721:Digitised copy of the Charter Book
4595:"The Origins of the Royal Society"
3964:. The Royal Society. 13 May 2021.
3912:from the original on 18 March 2011
3307:
3135:
2844:Ferlier, Louisiane (8 July 2019).
2834:
2804:from the original on 19 March 2021
2116:
2054:from the original on 14 April 2009
1968:from the original on 11 April 2010
1656:Royal Fellows of the Royal Society
1461:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
1454:Proceedings of the Royal Society A
1271:
1091:Fellows of the Royal Society (FRS)
562:approved of the gatherings, and a
419:who at that point was a fellow of
288:and the United Kingdom's national
25:
9389:
9167:Genetics and evolutionary biology
8270:British Mass Spectrometry Society
4648:
3994:from the original on 23 June 2020
3604:Katherine Price (17 March 2021).
3585:from the original on 22 June 2021
3376:from the original on 15 June 2013
3063:from the original on 7 March 2023
2800:. Telegraph Media Group Limited.
2773:. Telegraph Media Group Limited.
2750:from the original on 8 March 2017
2546:from the original on 12 July 2014
2228:from the original on 2 April 2019
1522:, and in so doing originated the
1300:awards, prize lectures and medals
1083:, where he compares himself to a
1000:The blazon for the shield in the
976:"Singapore, for instance has the
339:which was previously used by the
51:
8609:for Communication and Humanities
8557:
8546:
8545:
8522:Science and technology magazines
4628:Wagner, Wendy Elizabeth (2006).
4006:
3980:
3968:from the original on 3 June 2021
3954:
3924:
3898:
3756:from the original on 10 May 2009
3612:from the original on 18 May 2021
3559:from the original on 18 May 2021
2882:from the original on 19 May 2020
2856:from the original on 7 June 2023
1776:Glossary of areas of mathematics
1535:Proceedings of the Royal Society
794:Society of Antiquaries of London
45:
9171:Cellular and molecular biology
4036:
3936:rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org
3872:
3846:
3820:
3794:
3782:from the original on 3 May 2013
3768:
3742:
3716:
3698:rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org
3686:
3659:
3650:
3624:
3597:
3571:
3545:
3519:
3510:
3501:
3454:
3440:
3414:
3388:
3333:
3298:
3255:
3229:
3203:
3173:
3164:
3075:
3051:"Statutes of the Royal Society"
3043:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3007:
2998:
2946:
2920:
2894:
2868:
2825:
2816:
2696:Obituaries Electronic Telegraph
2599:
2590:
2558:
2470:
2461:
2413:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2036:
1268:foreign guests and scientists.
1049:
983:
942:
903:
828:
776:, the group's members included
761:, for example, established the
657:
492:Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle
465:Philosophical Society of Oxford
9338:National academies of sciences
9328:1660 establishments in England
4632:. Cambridge University Press.
3854:"Interface Focus – About"
3117:"How is the Society governed?"
2015:
1988:"Tallents, Francis (TLNS636F)"
1980:
1954:
1934:
1919:
1855:
1141:The King of the United Kingdom
809:, falling apart in the 1780s.
32:Royal Society (disambiguation)
13:
1:
8517:Science and technology awards
8033:Government Office for Science
7985:Economy of the United Kingdom
4330:"Two Hundred Years Ago. 1739"
3988:"The Croonian Lecture (1738)"
2375:(348): 185–186. 1 June 1876.
2092:"The Royal Society of London"
1812:
1401:
257:("Take nobody's word for it")
8305:Royal Academy of Engineering
8290:Geological Society of London
8028:Intellectual Property Office
3634:. Royal Society Publishing.
3284:10.1126/science.ns-6.146.442
2224:. University of St Andrews.
2097:National Museum of Australia
1737:Royal Academy of Engineering
1651:Fellows of the Royal Society
1265:Cruelty to Animals Act, 1876
1240:
1157:Baroness O'Neill of Bengarve
763:nutation of the Earth's axis
609:and, to a lesser extent, by
421:Magdalene College, Cambridge
7:
8837:National Geographic Society
8512:Innovations and discoveries
8320:Royal Entomological Society
8275:British Science Association
8043:National Technology Advisor
4695:The Royal Society of London
4132:(Aug 1960) 10#8 pp 564–571.
3211:"Misogallus on the warpath"
2008:(1967), Part II Chapter 3,
1992:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1676:Academy of Medical Sciences
1643:
1126:Fellow of the Royal Society
1097:Fellow of the Royal Society
878:By 1852, the congestion at
314:Fellow of the Royal Society
10:
9394:
9272:Probability and statistics
8695:Fondo de Cultura Económica
8352:Royal Society of Chemistry
8325:Royal Geographical Society
8315:Royal Astronomical Society
8310:Royal Aeronautical Society
8048:UK Research and Innovation
4686:public domain @Archive.org
4328:Lyons, H.G. (April 1939).
4263:10.1126/science.93.2402.27
3632:"Royal Society Publishing"
2656:Hayman, Walter K. (2000).
2354:Lyons (November 1939) p.92
1994:. University of Cambridge.
1708:to mock the Royal Society.
1621:
1617:
1593:Royal Society Open Science
1519:Philosophical Transactions
1482:Royal Society Open Science
1424:Title page to volume I of
1244:
1194:
1094:
847:Philosophical Transactions
519:Mace granted by Charles II
355:
346:
29:
9042:
8921:
8910:
8771:Caro and Cuervo Institute
8739:José Luis López Aranguren
8625:
8614:
8540:
8504:
8453:
8412:
8375:
8253:
8201:
8190:
8135:
7991:
7982:
7774:
7556:
7498:
6762:
6671:
6557:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
6541:Charles Scott Sherrington
6492:
6353:
6262:
6163:
6111:Health and human sciences
6083:
6032:
5901:
5390:
5224:
4983:
4767:
4014:"The Copley Medal (1731)"
3880:"About Notes and Records"
2902:"Criteria for candidates"
2495:10.1017/S0018246X00009638
1928:Collected Essays Vol. III
1255:The current president is
821:museum was handed to the
488:Giovanni Domenico Cassini
245:
226:
216:
206:
194:
177:
165:
151:
129:
92:
76:
58:
44:
8799:Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino
8789:Hans Magnus Enzensberger
8652:Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz
8362:Royal Society of Biology
8265:British Computer Society
8078:Medical Research Council
8038:Chief Scientific Adviser
6832:Bosnia & Herzegovina
6597:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
4228:, Yale University Press
2431:(383): 369. March 1877.
2048:University of St Andrews
1609:hybrid research journals
1285:Functions and activities
1224:Sheila Rowan (physicist)
1183:Structure and governance
1058:
1004:of the Royal Society is
928:became the first female
687:His Majesty's Government
352:Founding and early years
9067:Artificial intelligence
8815:Società Dante Alighieri
8723:magazine by Octavio Paz
8150:British space programme
6418:Benjamin Collins Brodie
6394:Marquess of Northampton
4484:Robinson, H.W. (1946).
2477:MacLeod, R. M. (1971).
2282:Lyons (April 1939) p.40
2273:Lyons (April 1939) p.38
2264:Lyons (April 1939) p.35
2246:Lyons (April 1939) p.34
1926:Yates, Frances (1984).
1877:5 February 2023 at the
1801:Glossary of engineering
1767:named after the society
1722:List of Royal Societies
554:At the second meeting,
64:; 363 years ago
9297:Structural engineering
9237:Mechanical engineering
9210:Western and South Asia
8685:Horacio Sáenz Guerrero
6362:William Hyde Wollaston
4612:10.1098/rsnr.1948.0017
4578:10.1098/rsnr.1967.0003
4540:Sprat, Thomas (1722).
4525:10.1098/rsnr.1996.0003
4503:10.1098/rsnr.1946.0029
4469:10.1098/rsnr.1998.0036
4440:10.1098/rsnr.1967.0002
4411:10.1098/rsnr.1940.0017
4390:10.1098/rsnr.1939.0017
4369:10.1098/rsnr.1939.0016
4347:10.1098/rsnr.1939.0007
4321:10.1098/rsnr.1938.0008
4292:10.1098/rsnr.1984.0011
4224:Hart, Vaughan (2020).
4171:10.1098/rsnr.2004.0077
4150:10.1098/rsnr.1938.0007
4113:10.1098/rsnr.1950.0014
4094:de Beer, E.S. (1950).
4079:10.1098/rsnr.1958.0012
4058:10.1098/rsnr.1938.0006
3656:Wagner (2006) p. 220-1
2743:10.1098/rsbm.1999.0070
2677:10.1098/rsbm.1999.0070
2632:10.1098/rsnr.1946.0006
2483:The Historical Journal
2345:Henderson (1941) p. 31
2300:Sorrenson (1996) p. 31
2291:Sorrenson (1996) p. 29
2160:Henderson (1941) p. 28
2151:Henderson (1941) p. 29
2044:"London Royal Society"
1871:10.2436/20.1501.02.130
1763:, a mountain range in
1429:
1417:
1347:
1294:
1216:Biological Secretary:
1170:
1117:
997:
841:
726:infinitesimal calculus
724:over the invention of
681:
670:
520:
513:
484:Jean-Baptiste du Hamel
438:
273:
9162:Environmental science
9047:Aerospace engineering
8730:in Rwanda and Burundi
8532:National Science Week
8466:East London Tech City
8221:National Space Centre
6466:George Gabriel Stokes
4593:Syfret, R.H. (1948).
4016:. The Royal Society.
3990:. The Royal Society.
3908:. The Royal Society.
3778:. The Royal Society.
3752:. The Royal Society.
3507:Summerson (1967) p.20
3473:. The Royal Society.
3398:. The Royal Society.
3372:. The Royal Society.
3343:. The Royal Society.
3317:. The Royal Society.
3304:Robinson (1946) p.193
3239:. The Royal Society.
3213:. The Royal Society.
3056:. The Royal Society.
2878:. The Royal Society.
2571:. The Royal Society.
2542:. The Royal Society.
2540:"Parliamentary Grant"
2208:Henderson (1941) p.30
2010:The Invisible College
1796:Glossary of chemistry
1781:Glossary of astronomy
1732:Royal Society of Arts
1449:(biological sciences)
1423:
1409:
1352:Carlton House Terrace
1344:Carlton House Terrace
1341:
1334:Carlton House Terrace
1292:
1279:Dame Julie Maxton DBE
1259:, who took over from
1165:
1112:
1063:The society's motto,
991:
937:Carlton House Terrace
836:
676:
665:
588:Accademia del Cimento
518:
508:
496:Melchisédech Thévenot
433:
356:Further information:
329:Carlton House Terrace
270:Carlton House Terrace
267:
62:28 November 1660
18:British Royal Society
8945:Alma Guillermoprieto
8395:Science Media Centre
8295:Institute of Physics
6450:William Spottiswoode
6442:Joseph Dalton Hooker
6295:Earl of Macclesfield
3270:(146): 442–3. 1885.
3088:sciencediplomacy.org
3004:de Beer (1950) p.172
2986:on 27 September 2010
2831:J.D.G.D. (1938) p.38
2822:J.D.G.D. (1938) p.37
2196:Hunter (1984) p. 179
2187:Hunter (1984) p. 161
2178:Hunter (1984) p. 160
1791:Glossary of calculus
1565:Biographical Memoirs
1350:The premises at 6–9
1222:Physical Secretary:
1133:British royal family
1009:, with the motto of
996:of the Royal Society
800:elected in 1764 and
691:lightning conductors
596:Great Fire of London
529:natural philosophers
443:natural philosophers
368:natural philosophers
141:~225 Foreign Members
114:51.50611°N 0.13222°W
8827:Instituto Cervantes
8795:Ryszard Kapuściński
8713:Emilio García Gómez
8691:Pedro Laín Entralgo
8285:Engineering Council
8023:Building Digital UK
6565:William Henry Bragg
6458:Thomas Henry Huxley
6434:George Biddell Airy
4255:1941Sci....93...27H
3860:on 23 December 2011
3533:on 12 November 2023
3516:Fischer (2005) p.67
3498:Fischer (2005) p.66
3276:1885Sci.....6..442.
3170:Lyons (1940) p. 115
3082:Poliakoff, Martyn.
2724:(1 November 2000).
2605:Martin (1967) p. 18
2596:Martin (1967) p. 17
2437:1877Natur..15..369.
2381:1876Natur..14..185.
2336:Martin (1967) p. 16
2327:Miller (1998) p. 85
2318:Miller (1998) p. 79
2309:Miller (1998) p. 78
2169:Martin (1967) p. 13
2081:Syfret (1948) p. 80
2072:Syfret (1948) p. 79
2033:Syfret (1948) p. 78
2021:Syfret (1948) p. 75
1907:on 5 September 2015
1861:Ellis Rubinstein, "
1806:Glossary of physics
1786:Glossary of biology
1761:Royal Society Range
1598:open access journal
1576:open access journal
1372:the Prince of Wales
1328:Academy of Sciences
1320:European Commission
1228:Foreign Secretary:
1153:The Prince of Wales
1135:, representing the
1033:Garter King of Arms
909:Fellows during the
641:, who wrote in his
558:announced that the
473:English Restoration
423:, and London-based
401:Republic of Letters
290:academy of sciences
110: /
41:
8927:Emilio Lledó Íñigo
8811:Alliance française
8658:José Ferrater Mora
8445:Technology writers
8335:Christmas Lectures
8182:Telecommunications
8167:Nuclear technology
6935:Dominican Republic
6704:Venki Ramakrishnan
6653:Sir Michael Atiyah
6621:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
6573:Henry Hallett Dale
6172:Viscount Brouncker
4544:. Samuel Chapman.
3031:Lyons (1939) p.112
3022:Lyons (1939) p.110
3013:Lyons (1939) p.109
2960:on 7 December 2009
2954:"Honorary Fellows"
2934:on 7 December 2009
2908:on 7 December 2009
2255:Martin (1967) p.14
2222:"Newton biography"
1940:David A. Kronick,
1705:Gulliver's Travels
1691:History of science
1430:
1418:
1348:
1295:
1261:Venki Ramakrishnan
1171:
1149:The Princess Royal
1118:
998:
953:Venki Ramakrishnan
915:Marjory Stephenson
842:
682:
671:
594:in 1666 after the
521:
453:", as promoted by
439:
411:, who was then in
341:Embassy of Germany
322:Venki Ramakrishnan
274:
119:51.50611; -0.13222
39:
9310:
9309:
9292:Scientific naming
9282:Quantum computing
9112:Computer hardware
9107:Clinical research
9102:Civil engineering
8997:
8996:
8993:
8992:
8906:
8905:
8605:Laureates of the
8572:
8571:
8408:
8407:
8330:Royal Institution
7942:
7941:
6722:
6721:
6549:Ernest Rutherford
6180:Joseph Williamson
6119:
6118:
4711:The Royal Society
4697:(a brief history)
3460:Hall (1981) p.629
3185:The Royal Society
3040:Lyons (1938) p.45
2980:"Foreign Members"
2698:. 11 April 1998.
2467:Hall (1981) p.628
1749:The Baroque Cycle
1727:Royal Institution
1712:Learned societies
1559:Notes and Records
1503:Notes and Records
1416:published in 1665
919:Kathleen Lonsdale
850:. The same year,
790:Earl Macclesfield
722:Gottfried Leibniz
695:Benjamin Franklin
545:William Brouncker
364:Invisible College
302:The Royal Society
262:
261:
258:
179:Foreign Secretary
16:(Redirected from
9385:
9117:Computer science
9024:
9017:
9010:
9001:
9000:
8912:
8911:
8886:Shigeru Miyamoto
8831:Instituto Camões
8745:Indro Montanelli
8707:Luis María Anson
8616:
8615:
8599:
8592:
8585:
8576:
8575:
8561:
8560:
8549:
8548:
8461:Burlington House
8199:
8198:
8177:Renewable energy
8088:Research England
7969:
7962:
7955:
7946:
7945:
6837:Republika Srpska
6749:
6742:
6735:
6726:
6725:
6715:
6707:
6699:
6691:
6683:
6664:
6656:
6648:
6640:
6632:
6624:
6616:
6613:Patrick Blackett
6608:
6600:
6592:
6584:
6576:
6568:
6560:
6552:
6544:
6536:
6528:
6520:
6517:Archibald Geikie
6512:
6504:
6485:
6477:
6469:
6461:
6453:
6445:
6437:
6429:
6421:
6413:
6405:
6397:
6389:
6381:
6373:
6365:
6346:
6338:
6330:
6322:
6314:
6306:
6298:
6290:
6282:
6274:
6255:
6247:
6239:
6236:Robert Southwell
6231:
6228:Earl of Pembroke
6223:
6215:
6207:
6199:
6191:
6188:Christopher Wren
6183:
6175:
6146:
6139:
6132:
6123:
6122:
6091:By election year
4750:
4743:
4736:
4727:
4726:
4717:, 23 March 2006)
4660:
4659:
4657:Official website
4643:
4624:
4614:
4589:
4553:
4536:
4507:
4505:
4480:
4451:
4422:
4393:
4372:
4351:
4349:
4324:
4303:
4274:
4221:
4182:
4153:
4125:
4115:
4090:
4061:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3581:. 19 June 2020.
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3366:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3062:
3055:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2841:
2832:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2745:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2615:
2606:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2570:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2536:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2448:
2446:10.1038/015369a0
2417:
2411:
2410:
2392:
2390:10.1038/014185a0
2361:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2218:
2209:
2206:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2004:Margery Purver,
2002:
1996:
1995:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1958:
1952:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1897:
1882:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1843:on 10 April 2016
1842:
1836:. Archived from
1831:
1823:
1771:UK Young Academy
1630:Croonian Lecture
1396:Kavli Foundation
1374:on 7 July 2004.
1356:Burlington House
1212:Jonathan Keating
1145:The Duke of Kent
1137:British monarchy
1066:Nullius in verba
1029:Nullius in verba
1012:nullius in verba
957:Sir Adrian Smith
911:Second World War
893:Burlington House
838:Burlington House
818:Sir Joseph Banks
802:Sir John Pringle
712:Sir Isaac Newton
704:Sir John Pringle
667:Sir Isaac Newton
556:Sir Robert Moray
533:Christopher Wren
469:Bodleian Library
417:Francis Tallents
388:House of Solomon
256:
252:Nullius in verba
241:
236:
233:
201:Jonathan Keating
172:Sir Adrian Smith
125:
124:
122:
121:
120:
115:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
72:
70:
65:
49:
42:
38:
21:
9393:
9392:
9388:
9387:
9386:
9384:
9383:
9382:
9313:
9312:
9311:
9306:
9205:Hebrew toponyms
9200:Arabic toponyms
9038:
9028:
8998:
8989:
8985:Marjane Satrapi
8951:Museo del Prado
8917:
8902:
8892:Annie Leibovitz
8823:Goethe-Institut
8819:British Council
8621:
8610:
8603:
8573:
8568:
8536:
8500:
8449:
8435:Science writers
8430:Nobel laureates
8404:
8371:
8357:Science Council
8257:
8255:
8249:
8238:Golden triangle
8211:Science museums
8203:
8194:
8192:
8186:
8137:
8131:
8100:UK Space Agency
7995:
7993:
7987:
7978:
7973:
7943:
7938:
7776:
7770:
7558:
7552:
7500:
7494:
7436:British Academy
7409:Science Academy
7315:Slovak Republic
7216:North Macedonia
6764:
6758:
6753:
6723:
6718:
6710:
6702:
6694:
6686:
6678:
6667:
6659:
6651:
6643:
6635:
6627:
6619:
6611:
6603:
6595:
6587:
6581:Robert Robinson
6579:
6571:
6563:
6555:
6547:
6539:
6531:
6525:William Crookes
6523:
6515:
6507:
6501:William Huggins
6499:
6488:
6480:
6472:
6464:
6456:
6448:
6440:
6432:
6424:
6416:
6410:Lord Wrottesley
6408:
6400:
6392:
6384:
6376:
6368:
6360:
6349:
6341:
6333:
6325:
6317:
6309:
6301:
6293:
6285:
6277:
6269:
6258:
6250:
6244:Charles Montagu
6242:
6234:
6226:
6220:Earl of Carbery
6218:
6210:
6202:
6194:
6186:
6178:
6170:
6159:
6150:
6120:
6115:
6079:
6028:
5897:
5386:
5220:
4979:
4763:
4754:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4249:(2402): 27–32.
4039:
4034:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4012:
4011:
4007:
3997:
3995:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3971:
3969:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3943:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3886:on 19 July 2012
3878:
3877:
3873:
3863:
3861:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3651:
3641:
3639:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3608:. The Caterer.
3602:
3598:
3588:
3586:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3490:
3480:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3428:on 19 June 2010
3420:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2885:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2857:
2842:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2794:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2654:
2647:
2626:(1): 39. 1946.
2617:
2616:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2549:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2003:
1999:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1939:
1935:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1885:
1879:Wayback Machine
1860:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1754:Neal Stephenson
1743:Society Islands
1681:British Academy
1646:
1626:
1620:
1553:Interface Focus
1541:Biology Letters
1528:Henry Oldenburg
1496:Interface Focus
1468:Biology Letters
1404:
1384:
1336:
1287:
1274:
1272:Permanent staff
1249:
1243:
1218:Linda Partridge
1197:
1185:
1167:Stephen Hawking
1107:
1095:Main articles:
1093:
1061:
1052:
986:
945:
926:Mary Cartwright
906:
852:Charles Babbage
831:
754:Charles Babbage
699:Benjamin Wilson
697:in 1749, while
660:
615:Christianopolis
603:Solomon's House
525:Gresham College
500:Henry Oldenburg
480:Montmor Academy
447:Gresham College
360:
354:
349:
333:listed building
298:King Charles II
286:learned society
255:
230:
219:
209:
197:
180:
168:
156:
147:
144:4 Royal Fellows
132:
118:
116:
112:
109:
104:
101:
99:
97:
96:
87:
68:
66:
63:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9391:
9381:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9308:
9307:
9305:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9257:Nanotechnology
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9229:
9227:Machine vision
9224:
9219:
9214:
9213:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9184:
9183:
9182:
9177:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9153:
9152:
9147:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9043:
9040:
9039:
9030:Glossaries of
9027:
9026:
9019:
9012:
9004:
8995:
8994:
8991:
8990:
8988:
8987:
8981:
8975:
8969:
8967:Gloria Steinem
8963:
8953:
8947:
8941:
8935:
8933:James Nachtwey
8929:
8922:
8919:
8918:
8908:
8907:
8904:
8903:
8901:
8900:
8894:
8888:
8882:
8876:
8874:Zygmunt Bauman
8870:Alain Touraine
8866:
8860:
8854:
8839:
8833:
8807:
8801:
8791:
8785:
8783:George Steiner
8779:
8773:
8767:
8761:
8751:
8741:
8731:
8726:1994: Spanish
8724:
8715:
8709:
8703:
8697:
8687:
8681:
8666:
8660:
8654:
8648:
8639:
8633:
8631:María Zambrano
8626:
8623:
8622:
8612:
8611:
8602:
8601:
8594:
8587:
8579:
8570:
8569:
8567:
8566:
8554:
8541:
8538:
8537:
8535:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8508:
8506:
8502:
8501:
8499:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8457:
8455:
8451:
8450:
8448:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8416:
8414:
8410:
8409:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8402:
8400:Wellcome Trust
8397:
8392:
8387:
8381:
8379:
8373:
8372:
8370:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8338:
8337:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8261:
8259:
8251:
8250:
8248:
8247:
8246:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8225:
8224:
8223:
8218:
8207:
8205:
8196:
8188:
8187:
8185:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8172:Pharmaceutical
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8153:
8152:
8141:
8139:
8133:
8132:
8130:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8103:
8102:
8097:
8096:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8015:
8010:
8005:
7999:
7997:
7989:
7988:
7983:
7980:
7979:
7972:
7971:
7964:
7957:
7949:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7780:
7778:
7772:
7771:
7769:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7562:
7560:
7554:
7553:
7551:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7504:
7502:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7490:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7438:
7431:United Kingdom
7428:
7423:
7418:
7417:
7416:
7411:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7355:
7354:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7333:
7332:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7261:
7260:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7157:
7156:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7095:
7094:
7089:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7018:
7017:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6925:Czech Republic
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6901:
6900:
6890:
6885:
6884:
6883:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6857:
6856:
6846:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6768:
6766:
6760:
6759:
6752:
6751:
6744:
6737:
6729:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6708:
6700:
6696:Sir Paul Nurse
6692:
6684:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6665:
6661:Sir Aaron Klug
6657:
6649:
6641:
6633:
6625:
6617:
6609:
6601:
6593:
6585:
6577:
6569:
6561:
6553:
6545:
6537:
6529:
6521:
6513:
6505:
6496:
6494:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6478:
6470:
6462:
6454:
6446:
6438:
6430:
6422:
6414:
6406:
6398:
6390:
6386:Duke of Sussex
6382:
6378:Davies Gilbert
6374:
6366:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6339:
6331:
6323:
6315:
6307:
6303:Earl of Morton
6299:
6291:
6283:
6275:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6248:
6240:
6232:
6224:
6216:
6208:
6200:
6192:
6184:
6176:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6160:
6149:
6148:
6141:
6134:
6126:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6021:
6016:
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4649:External links
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4202:10.1086/352847
4196:(4): 627–629.
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2489:(2): 337–348.
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2014:
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1634:William Croone
1622:Main article:
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1588:cellular level
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985:
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880:Somerset House
830:
827:
823:British Museum
814:Somerset House
774:Lord Hardwicke
678:Lord Hardwicke
659:
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639:Abraham Cowley
568:Lord Brouncker
425:Samuel Hartlib
353:
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337:central London
308:in the world.
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88:United Kingdom
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8979:Nuccio Ordine
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8765:Reinhard Mohn
8762:
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8749:Julián Marías
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8671:El Espectador
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8491:Silicon Gorge
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8390:EngineeringUK
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7499:Transnational
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7448:United States
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6915:Côte d'Ivoire
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6681:
6677:
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6646:
6645:George Porter
6642:
6638:
6637:Andrew Huxley
6634:
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6610:
6606:
6605:Howard Florey
6602:
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6574:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6558:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6533:J. J. Thomson
6530:
6526:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6509:Lord Rayleigh
6506:
6502:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6491:
6483:
6482:Joseph Lister
6479:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6426:Edward Sabine
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6402:Earl of Rosse
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6363:
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6352:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6287:Martin Folkes
6284:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6261:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
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6225:
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6217:
6213:
6209:
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6197:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6173:
6169:
6168:
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6162:
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6157:Royal Society
6154:
6147:
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6128:
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6112:
6109:
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5809:
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5280:
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5019:
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4911:
4908:
4906:
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4901:
4898:
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4888:
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4881:
4878:
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4712:
4709:
4707:
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4680:
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4673:
4670:
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4665:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4653:
4652:
4641:
4639:9780521855204
4635:
4631:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4605:(2): 75–137.
4604:
4600:
4596:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
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4562:
4559:
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4147:
4143:
4139:
4134:
4131:
4130:History Today
4127:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
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4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
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4019:
4015:
4009:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3927:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3808:on 3 May 2013
3807:
3803:
3797:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3755:
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3232:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3167:
3151:
3147:
3146:"The Council"
3141:
3139:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3059:
3052:
3046:
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3019:
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3001:
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2949:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2855:
2851:
2850:Royal Society
2847:
2840:
2838:
2828:
2819:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2776:
2772:
2765:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2722:Walter Hayman
2717:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2652:
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2500:
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2473:
2464:
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2342:
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2315:
2306:
2297:
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2279:
2270:
2261:
2252:
2243:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2018:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1929:
1922:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1839:
1835:
1834:Royal Society
1828:
1822:
1818:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
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1772:
1769:
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1762:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1746:
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1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1602:peer-reviewed
1599:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1422:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:Milton Keynes
1389:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:Crown Estates
1365:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1340:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:UK Government
1312:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1291:
1282:
1280:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1177:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1115:
1114:J. J. Thomson
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1056:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:peer's helmet
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
995:
990:
981:
979:
974:
973:Melinda Mills
971:
967:
966:Lord Sumption
963:
958:
954:
950:
940:
938:
933:
931:
930:mathematician
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
901:
898:
897:Royal Academy
895:and move the
894:
890:
886:
881:
876:
873:
868:
864:
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:
839:
835:
826:
824:
819:
815:
810:
808:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
786:Martin Folkes
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
759:James Bradley
755:
749:
747:
743:
742:William Jones
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:
713:
707:
705:
700:
696:
692:
688:
679:
675:
668:
664:
655:
653:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:J. V. Andreae
608:
605:" in Bacon's
604:
599:
597:
593:
592:Arundel House
589:
585:
581:
576:
574:
569:
565:
564:royal charter
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
517:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:
456:
455:Francis Bacon
452:
448:
444:
436:
432:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
404:
402:
398:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:Francis Bacon
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
359:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:royal charter
291:
287:
283:
279:
278:Royal Society
271:
266:
254:
253:
248:
244:
240:
235:
229:
225:
221:
215:
211:
205:
202:
199:
193:
189:
185:
182:
176:
173:
170:
164:
161:
158:
155:
150:
143:
140:
137:
136:
134:
128:
123:
95:
91:
86:
82:
79:
75:
61:
57:
53:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
9141:Engineering
9092:Cell biology
9062:Architecture
8973:Adam Michnik
8939:Les Luthiers
8879:
8848:
8842:
8755:Václav Havel
8718:
8675:
8669:
8642:
8556:
8544:
8486:Silicon Glen
8341:
8256:professional
8228:Universities
8193:governmental
7559:associations
7463:Vatican City
7430:
7325:South Africa
7290:Saudi Arabia
6866:Burkina Faso
6712:Adrian Smith
6672:21st century
6493:20th century
6370:Humphry Davy
6354:19th century
6343:Joseph Banks
6335:John Pringle
6327:James Burrow
6311:James Burrow
6271:Isaac Newton
6263:18th century
6212:Samuel Pepys
6196:John Hoskyns
6164:17th century
6156:
6033:Alphabetical
5902:21st century
5391:20th century
5225:19th century
4984:18th century
4768:17th century
4714:
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4162:
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4141:
4137:
4129:
4103:
4099:
4070:
4066:
4049:
4045:
4037:Bibliography
4022:. Retrieved
4008:
3996:. Retrieved
3982:
3970:. Retrieved
3956:
3944:. Retrieved
3935:
3926:
3914:. Retrieved
3900:
3888:. Retrieved
3884:the original
3874:
3862:. Retrieved
3858:the original
3848:
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3832:the original
3822:
3810:. Retrieved
3806:the original
3796:
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3770:
3758:. Retrieved
3744:
3732:. Retrieved
3728:the original
3718:
3706:. Retrieved
3697:
3688:
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3661:
3652:
3640:. Retrieved
3626:
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3599:
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3573:
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3547:
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3531:the original
3521:
3512:
3503:
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3465:
3456:
3447:
3442:
3430:. Retrieved
3426:the original
3416:
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3390:
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3335:
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3309:
3300:
3267:
3263:
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3231:
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3205:
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3150:the original
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3045:
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3018:
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2906:the original
2896:
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2870:
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2849:
2827:
2818:
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2791:
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2695:
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2560:
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2519:. Retrieved
2486:
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2428:
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2192:
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2131:the original
2106:. Retrieved
2095:
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2056:. Retrieved
2038:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1956:
1941:
1936:
1927:
1921:
1909:. Retrieved
1905:the original
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1838:the original
1833:
1821:
1747:
1703:
1638:Copley Medal
1627:
1606:
1591:
1571:Open Biology
1569:
1564:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1517:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1475:Open Biology
1473:
1466:
1460:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1411:
1385:
1376:
1361:
1349:
1313:
1296:
1275:
1257:Adrian Smith
1254:
1250:
1234:Alison Noble
1230:Mark Walport
1206:Adrian Smith
1198:
1186:
1172:
1130:
1119:
1078:
1064:
1062:
1053:
1050:Charter book
1037:
1028:
1027:. The words
1024:
1020:
1010:
1005:
1002:coat of arms
999:
994:coat of arms
984:Coat of arms
946:
943:21st century
934:
923:
907:
904:20th century
877:
872:grant-in-aid
869:
865:
855:
845:
843:
829:19th century
811:
782:Thomas Birch
767:
750:
734:Fleet Street
715:
708:
683:
658:18th century
652:John Wilkins
648:Thomas Sprat
642:
635:Bengt Skytte
631:Robert Boyle
614:
607:New Atlantis
606:
600:
583:
577:
573:Robert Hooke
553:
549:Robert Moray
541:John Wilkins
537:Robert Boyle
522:
509:
504:Robert Hooke
477:
471:. After the
460:New Atlantis
458:
440:
407:tutor and a
405:
394:
372:Robert Boyle
361:
331:, a Grade I
326:
318:Adrian Smith
310:
301:
281:
277:
275:
250:
232:royalsociety
188:Alison Noble
184:Mark Walport
131:Membership
77:Headquarters
52:Coat of arms
36:
9262:Ornithology
9247:Meteorology
9232:Mathematics
9222:Ichthyology
9057:Archaeology
9052:Agriculture
9036:engineering
8805:Jean Daniel
8777:Umberto Eco
8664:Grupo Globo
8637:Mario Bunge
8481:Silicon Fen
8471:M4 corridor
8204:and museums
8068:Innovate UK
7369:Switzerland
7364:Switzerland
7253:Philippines
7206:New Zealand
7201:Netherlands
7082:South Korea
7077:North Korea
6945:El Salvador
6589:Lord Adrian
6474:Lord Kelvin
6279:Hans Sloane
6252:Lord Somers
6204:Cyril Wyche
6084:Other lists
4715:In Our Time
4434:(1/2): 12.
3946:14 December
3916:11 December
3890:11 December
3864:24 February
3838:11 December
3812:11 December
3786:11 December
3760:11 December
3734:11 December
3708:14 December
3642:27 December
2232:28 December
2108:28 November
1972:20 February
1847:14 November
1613:open access
1524:peer review
1210:Treasurer:
1204:President:
1123:postnominal
1055:digitised.
970:sociologist
860:James South
798:Lord Morton
778:Daniel Wray
746:Hans Sloane
738:John Hadley
627:John Evelyn
580:Denis Papin
451:new science
435:John Evelyn
376:Rosicrucian
280:, formally
160:Charles III
117: /
93:Coordinates
9317:Categories
9277:Psychiatry
9186:Geography
9157:Entomology
8735:EFE Agency
8680:newspapers
8440:Scientists
8157:Automotive
7994:bodies and
7775:Affiliated
7557:Unions and
7458:Uzbekistan
7379:Tajikistan
7305:Seychelles
7186:Mozambique
7176:Montenegro
7129:Madagascar
7124:Luxembourg
7067:Kazakhstan
6910:Costa Rica
6807:Bangladesh
6802:Azerbaijan
6319:James West
6153:Presidents
4496:(2): 193.
4405:(1): 116.
4384:(2): 108.
4286:(2): 159.
4106:(2): 172.
4024:4 February
3998:7 February
3678:5 December
3481:7 December
3432:7 December
3406:7 December
3380:7 December
3351:28 October
3247:2 December
3221:2 December
3195:2 December
3156:6 December
3127:6 December
2964:5 December
2938:5 December
2912:5 December
2886:29 October
2582:28 October
2550:28 October
2137:7 December
2058:8 December
1813:References
1765:Antarctica
1402:Publishing
1017:Charles II
889:Geological
854:published
807:George III
730:Queen Anne
637:and later
380:Ben Jonson
343:, London.
208:Main organ
105:00°07′56″W
102:51°30′22″N
69:1660-11-28
9132:Economics
9097:Chemistry
9072:Astronomy
8677:El Tiempo
8647:newspaper
8425:Inventors
8420:Engineers
8202:Education
8162:Computers
8145:Aerospace
7996:personnel
7468:Venezuela
7342:Sri Lanka
7310:Singapore
7144:Mauritius
7119:Lithuania
7022:Indonesia
6995:Guatemala
6792:Australia
6782:Argentina
6688:Lord Rees
6629:Lord Todd
4572:(1): 20.
4550:475095951
4533:144386127
4519:(1): 29.
4477:145249420
4463:(1): 73.
4448:145126489
4363:(2): 92.
4340:(1): 34.
4315:(1): 40.
4300:144483080
4218:143667490
4165:(1): 65.
4144:(1): 37.
4122:202574293
4087:144772434
4073:(2): 82.
4052:(1): 32.
3537:17 August
3471:"General"
3325:1 October
3181:"Council"
2876:"History"
2808:7 January
2781:7 January
2736:: 19–35.
2640:202575203
2511:159794593
2399:1476-4687
1901:"Fellows"
1584:molecular
1578:covering
1364:John Nash
1241:President
1236:(jointly)
1189:president
1085:gladiator
1023:; Crest,
939:in 1967.
924:In 1947,
623:Cambridge
196:Treasurer
190:(jointly)
167:President
59:Formation
9302:Virology
9287:Robotics
9252:Mycology
9242:Medicine
9087:Calculus
8853:journals
8728:Missions
8551:Category
8136:Industry
7992:Official
7528:CODESRIA
7483:Zimbabwe
7389:Thailand
7384:Tanzania
7320:Slovenia
7270:Portugal
7238:Pakistan
7171:Mongolia
7139:Malaysia
7000:Honduras
6960:Ethiopia
6955:Eswatini
6905:Colombia
6871:Cameroon
6861:Bulgaria
6844:Botswana
6763:National
6680:Lord May
6106:Original
4586:72906527
4419:71384634
4271:17772875
4179:71782293
4018:Archived
3992:Archived
3966:Archived
3940:Archived
3910:Archived
3780:Archived
3754:Archived
3702:Archived
3672:Archived
3636:Archived
3610:Archived
3583:Archived
3557:Archived
3475:Archived
3400:Archived
3374:Archived
3345:Archived
3341:"Grants"
3319:Archived
3292:17749567
3241:Archived
3215:Archived
3189:Archived
3098:24 March
3058:Archived
2880:Archived
2860:2 August
2854:Archived
2802:Archived
2775:Archived
2748:Archived
2700:Archived
2573:Archived
2544:Archived
2521:29 April
2515:Archived
2226:Archived
2102:Archived
2052:Archived
1966:Archived
1911:24 March
1875:Archived
1644:See also
1386:In 2009
1322:and the
1176:shilling
1080:Epistles
949:COVID-19
409:Huguenot
272:, London
9267:Physics
9217:Geology
9127:Ecology
9077:Biology
9032:science
8850:Science
8644:El País
8563:Commons
8138:sectors
7777:members
7513:AASSREC
7501:members
7473:Vietnam
7453:Uruguay
7426:Ukraine
7414:TÜBİTAK
7399:Tunisia
7295:Senegal
7275:Romania
7211:Nigeria
7191:Namibia
7181:Morocco
7161:Moldova
7154:COMECSO
7114:Lesotho
7109:Lebanon
7052:Jamaica
7037:Ireland
7005:Hungary
6980:Germany
6975:Georgia
6965:Finland
6950:Estonia
6930:Denmark
6827:Bolivia
6817:Belgium
6812:Belarus
6797:Austria
6787:Armenia
6772:Albania
6765:members
6155:of the
6101:Founder
4251:Bibcode
4242:Science
3315:"Staff"
3272:Bibcode
3264:Science
3067:9 March
2754:8 March
2706:8 March
2503:2637959
2455:4109319
2433:Bibcode
2407:4116633
2377:Bibcode
1950:4309484
1618:Honours
1582:at the
1580:biology
1195:Council
885:Linnean
457:in his
390:, in a
370:around
347:History
306:academy
284:, is a
249:Motto:
246:Remarks
227:Website
218:Staff
212:Council
67: (
9082:Botany
8983:2024:
8977:2023:
8971:2022:
8965:2021:
8955:2020:
8949:2019:
8943:2018:
8937:2017:
8931:2016:
8925:2015:
8896:2014:
8890:2013:
8884:2012:
8878:2011:
8868:2010:
8862:2009:
8858:Google
8856:2008:
8844:Nature
8841:2007:
8835:2006:
8809:2005:
8803:2004:
8793:2003:
8787:2002:
8781:2001:
8775:2000:
8769:1999:
8763:1998:
8753:1997:
8743:1996:
8733:1995:
8720:Vuelta
8717:1993:
8711:1992:
8705:1991:
8699:1990:
8689:1989:
8683:1988:
8668:1987:
8662:1986:
8656:1985:
8650:1984:
8641:1983:
8635:1982:
8629:1981:
8454:Places
8413:People
8258:bodies
8195:bodies
7904:IUVSTA
7731:IUPsyS
7721:IUPHAR
7716:IUPESM
7676:IUHPST
7656:IUFoST
7543:OSSREA
7533:FLACSO
7523:CLACSO
7478:Zambia
7421:Uganda
7404:Turkey
7374:Taiwan
7359:Sweden
7300:Serbia
7285:Rwanda
7280:Russia
7265:Poland
7243:Panama
7221:Norway
7166:Monaco
7149:Mexico
7134:Malawi
7104:Latvia
7062:Jordan
7042:Israel
6990:Greece
6970:France
6876:Canada
6854:ANPOCS
6849:Brazil
6777:Angola
6714:(2020)
6706:(2015)
6698:(2010)
6690:(2005)
6682:(2000)
6663:(1995)
6655:(1990)
6647:(1985)
6639:(1980)
6631:(1975)
6623:(1970)
6615:(1965)
6607:(1960)
6599:(1955)
6591:(1950)
6583:(1945)
6575:(1940)
6567:(1935)
6559:(1930)
6551:(1925)
6543:(1920)
6535:(1915)
6527:(1913)
6519:(1908)
6511:(1905)
6503:(1900)
6484:(1895)
6476:(1890)
6468:(1885)
6460:(1883)
6452:(1878)
6444:(1873)
6436:(1871)
6428:(1861)
6420:(1858)
6412:(1854)
6404:(1848)
6396:(1838)
6388:(1830)
6380:(1827)
6372:(1820)
6364:(1820)
6345:(1778)
6337:(1772)
6329:(1772)
6321:(1768)
6313:(1768)
6305:(1764)
6297:(1752)
6289:(1741)
6281:(1727)
6273:(1703)
6254:(1698)
6246:(1695)
6238:(1690)
6230:(1689)
6222:(1686)
6214:(1684)
6206:(1683)
6198:(1682)
6190:(1680)
6182:(1677)
6174:(1662)
6096:Female
4671:in PDF
4636:
4621:531306
4619:
4584:
4548:
4531:
4475:
4446:
4417:
4298:
4269:
4232:
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4210:231253
4208:
4177:
4120:
4085:
3972:3 June
3616:18 May
3589:18 May
3563:18 May
3290:
2990:16 May
2670:: 19.
2638:
2509:
2501:
2453:
2425:Nature
2405:
2397:
2369:Nature
1948:
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1596:is an
1574:is an
1318:, the
1151:, and
1103:, and
1075:Horace
1007:crowns
619:Oxford
527:of 12
413:Geneva
392:masque
154:Patron
81:London
8898:Quino
8527:JANET
8505:Other
8377:Other
7889:IIASA
7864:ICSTI
7854:ICLAS
7849:ICIAM
7789:AASSA
7761:WAPOR
7751:IUTOX
7746:IUTAM
7741:IUSSP
7711:IUPAP
7706:IUPAC
7701:IUPAB
7686:IUMRS
7661:IUFRO
7641:IUBMB
7636:ISPRS
7611:INQUA
7576:IASSA
7347:Sudan
7337:Spain
7196:Nepal
7087:KSSRC
7072:Kenya
7057:Japan
7047:Italy
7015:ICSSR
7010:India
6985:Ghana
6940:Egypt
6893:China
6888:Chile
6881:SSHRC
6822:Benin
4617:JSTOR
4582:S2CID
4529:S2CID
4473:S2CID
4444:S2CID
4415:S2CID
4296:S2CID
4214:S2CID
4206:JSTOR
4175:S2CID
4118:S2CID
4083:S2CID
3061:(PDF)
3054:(PDF)
2636:S2CID
2576:(PDF)
2569:(PDF)
2507:S2CID
2499:JSTOR
2451:S2CID
2403:S2CID
1946:JSTOR
1841:(PDF)
1830:(PDF)
1071:Latin
1069:, is
1059:Motto
9034:and
8959:and
8872:and
8847:and
8829:and
8797:and
8757:and
8747:and
8737:and
8693:and
8674:and
8233:List
8191:Non-
7929:TWAS
7919:SSRC
7899:ISDE
7879:IFLA
7874:IFIP
7869:IFDO
7839:IASC
7834:IAHR
7829:IAAP
7814:ECPR
7809:EADI
7799:ASTC
7794:ACSS
7756:URSI
7736:IUSS
7726:IUPS
7696:IUNS
7691:IUMS
7681:IUIS
7671:IUGS
7666:IUGG
7651:IUCr
7646:IUBS
7631:ISEE
7621:IPSA
7616:IPRA
7596:IFSM
7571:IALS
7518:CASS
7508:ACSS
7441:ESRC
7394:Togo
7352:SNAS
7330:HSRC
7258:PSSC
7248:Peru
7233:Oman
7099:Laos
7092:KAST
7032:Iraq
7027:Iran
6920:Cuba
6898:CASS
6075:WXYZ
6070:STUV
5909:2001
5893:2000
5398:1901
5382:1900
5232:1801
5216:1800
4991:1701
4975:1700
4775:1660
4757:List
4634:ISBN
4546:OCLC
4267:PMID
4230:ISBN
4189:Isis
4026:2009
4000:2009
3974:2021
3948:2016
3918:2009
3892:2009
3866:2012
3840:2009
3814:2009
3788:2009
3762:2009
3736:2009
3710:2016
3680:2014
3644:2009
3618:2021
3591:2021
3565:2021
3539:2012
3483:2009
3434:2009
3408:2009
3382:2009
3353:2014
3327:2017
3288:PMID
3249:2020
3223:2020
3197:2020
3158:2009
3129:2009
3100:2015
3069:2023
2992:2013
2966:2009
2940:2009
2914:2009
2888:2015
2862:2023
2810:2021
2783:2021
2756:2017
2708:2017
2584:2014
2552:2014
2523:2022
2395:ISSN
2234:2009
2139:2009
2110:2022
2060:2009
1974:2018
1913:2014
1849:2014
1759:The
1739:, UK
1586:and
1232:and
992:The
955:and
917:and
887:and
780:and
770:Whig
744:and
621:and
560:King
547:and
494:and
362:The
276:The
234:.org
222:~225
186:and
9195:N–Z
9190:A–M
9180:M–Z
9175:0–L
9150:M–Z
9145:A–L
8759:CNN
7934:UIS
7924:TNI
7914:PSA
7909:IWA
7894:ISA
7884:IFS
7859:ICO
7844:ICA
7824:GYA
7819:FIG
7804:CIE
7784:AAS
7766:WAU
7626:ISA
7606:IMU
7601:IGU
7591:IEA
7586:ICA
7581:IAU
7548:USP
7538:UAI
7488:RCZ
6065:PQR
6060:MNO
6055:JKL
6050:GHI
6045:DEF
6040:ABC
4759:of
4607:doi
4574:doi
4521:doi
4498:doi
4465:doi
4436:doi
4407:doi
4386:doi
4365:doi
4342:doi
4317:doi
4288:doi
4259:doi
4198:doi
4167:doi
4146:doi
4108:doi
4075:doi
4054:doi
3280:doi
2738:doi
2672:doi
2628:doi
2491:doi
2441:doi
2385:doi
1867:doi
1702:in
1611:to
1077:'s
629:to
613:'s
415:),
386:'s
335:in
300:as
296:by
85:SW1
9319::
8825:,
8821:,
8817:,
8813:,
7566:4S
7226:UB
6024:24
6019:23
6014:22
6009:21
6004:20
5999:19
5994:18
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