49:
85:
2192:
2180:
2168:
824:'s concept of "searching for the lost object" is about the anxiety and mounting frustration as the mourner remains lost, frequently sifting through memories of the departed, and perhaps fleeting perceptions of spectral visitations by the lost individual. When the loss involves "being left" or "unrequited love", in addition to the above, this mental searching is accompanied by obsessive thoughts about factors leading to the
2156:
894:
another's speech patterns, movements, and even cardiac and EEG rhythms. Couples can function like a mutual bio-feedback system, stimulating and modulating each other's bio rhythms, responding to one another's pheromones, and be addicted due to the steady trickle of endogenous opiates induced by the relationship.
966:
Physiological and biochemical changes that contribute to higher physical illnesses and heart disease have been found in individuals that have high levels of anxiety and depression. Some individuals who have divorced have compromised immune systems because of inflammatory cytokines followed by a state
937:
In many legends and fictional tales, characters die after suffering a devastating loss; however, even in reality people die from what appears to be a broken heart. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or broken heart syndrome, is commonly described as a physical pain in the chest or heart or stomach area, which
885:
which can be severe enough to leave an emotional imprint on individuals' psychobiological functioning, affecting future choices and responses to rejection, loss, or disconnection. A contributing factor to the trauma-producing event is that 'being left' can trigger primal separation fear – the fear of
893:
Another factor contributing to the traumatic conditions is the stress of losing someone with whom the mourner has come to rely in ways they did not realize. For instance, in time, couples can become external regulators for one another, attuned on many levels: pupils dilated in synchrony, echoing one
909:
There are various predisposing psycho-biological and environmental factors that determine whether one's earlier emotional trauma might lead to the development of a true clinical picture of posttraumatic stress disorder. This would lower their threshold for becoming aroused and make them more likely
872:
In relationship breakups, mourners may turn their anger over the rejection toward themselves. This can deepen their depression and cause narcissistic wounding. The process of self-attack can range from mild self-doubt to scathing self-recrimination which leaves a lasting imprint on an individual's
889:
Mourners may also experience the intense stress of helplessness. If they make repeated attempts to compel their loved one to return and are unsuccessful, they will feel helpless and inadequate to the task. Feeling one's "limited capacity" can produce a fault line in the psyche which renders the
816:
postulates that there are five stages of grief after the loss of a loved-one: denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. And while it is recognized that mourners go through initial period of numbness leading to depression and finally to reorganization and recovery, most modern grief
917:
There is also variation in individuals' neurochemical systems that govern the stress regulation. Depending on the severity of the stress response induced in an individual by an event (i.e. a romantic breakup), certain concentrations of stress hormones including CRF, ACTH, and cortisol work to
868:
Although there are overlapping symptoms, uncomplicated grief can be distinguished from a full depressive episode. Major depression tends to be more pervasive and is characterized by significant difficulty in experiencing self-validating and positive feelings. Major depression is composed of a
747:
proposed in 2005 the evolution of common mechanisms for both physical and emotional pain responses and argue that such expressions are "more than just a metaphor". The concept is believed to be universal, with many cultures using the same words to describe both physical pain and the feelings
869:
recognizable and stable cluster of debilitating symptoms, accompanied by a protracted, enduring low mood. It tends to be persistent and associated with poor work and social functioning, pathological immunological function, and other neurobiological changes unless treated.
817:
specialists recognize the variations and fluidity of grief experiences differ considerably in intensity and length among cultural groups, individually from person to person as well as depending on the amount of investment put into the relationship.
941:
Broken heart syndrome mimics symptoms of a heart attack, but it is clinically different from a heart attack because the patients have few risk factors for heart disease and were previously healthy prior to the heart muscles weakening. Some
779:, areas established as being involved in processing of pain, including empathizing with pain experienced by others. The same researchers mention effect of social stressors on the heart, and personality on perception of pain.
918:
intensify the imprinting of an emotional memory of the event, indelibly inscribing its fears and other sensations in the amygdala (to serve as a warning for future events), while the same stress hormones can act to impede.
913:
Another factor is that insecure attachments in childhood have shown to predispose the individuals to difficulties in forming secure attachments in adulthood and to having heightened responses to rejection and loss.
782:
A 2011 study showed that the same regions of the brain that become active in response to painful sensory experiences are activated during intense social rejection or social loss in general. Social psychologist
958:. Magnetic resonance images suggested that the recovery rates for those with broken heart syndrome are faster than those who had heart attacks and complete recovery to the heart is achieved within two months.
1676:
Panksepp J, Nelson E, Bekkedal M (January 1997). "Brain systems for the mediation of social separation-distress and social-reward. Evolutionary antecedents and neuropeptide intermediaries".
2184:
2000:
1037:
950:, of people with the broken heart syndrome, was contracting normally but the middle and upper sides of the heart muscle had weaker contractions due to inverted
812:
For most bereaved individuals, the journey through grief will ultimately culminate in an acceptable level of adjustment to a life without their loved one. The
1632:
Monti-Bloch L, Grosser BI (October 1991). "Effect of putative pheromones on the electrical activity of the human vomeronasal organ and olfactory epithelium".
2020:
1210:
910:
to become anxious when they encounter stresses in life that are reminiscent of childhood separations and fears, hence more prone to becoming posttraumatic.
739:" to encourage humans to maintain their close social relationships by causing pain when those relationships are lost. Psychologists Geoff MacDonald of the
1492:
Schore, Allan. Affect
Regulation and Origin of Self: The Neurobiology of Emotional Development. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994, pp. 416-422
1797:
791:, who was heavily involved in the study, said, "These results give new meaning to the idea that social rejection hurts". The research implicates the
865:. In one study (death of a spouse), 24% of mourners were depressed at two months, 23% at seven months, 16% at 13 months and 14% at 25 months.
1361:
283:
2219:
1730:. New York: Routledge, 1991; Horney, Karen Horney, K. The neurotic personality of our time. New York: W. W. Norton and Company (1937).
845:
Loss of appetite, overeating, nausea, "hollow stomach", indigestion, intestinal disorders like diarrhea, excessive weight gain or loss
1981:
1425:
1868:
Eisenberger, Naomi; Lieberman, Matthew (2004). "Why
Rejection Hurts: A Common Neural Alarm System For Physical And Social Pain".
820:
Ruminating, or having intrusive thoughts that are continuous, uncontrollable, and distressing, is often a component of grieving.
675:
1451:
Auster, T; Moutier, C; Lanouette, N (1 October 2008). "Bereavement and depression: implications for diagnosis and treatment".
1922:
1545:
1041:
1945:
1858:
2172:
2004:
995:
Insults have broken my heart and left me weak, I looked for sympathy but there was none; I found no one to comfort me
873:
self-worth and causes them to doubt their lovability, personality-efficacy, and attachment worthiness going forward.
1569:
Balint, Michael. The Basic Fault: Therapeutic
Aspects of Regression. Evanston: North Western University Press, 1992.
221:
2031:
1221:
2160:
1584:
Robertiello
Richard, Gagnier Terril T (1993). "Sado-masochism as a Defense Against Merging: Six Case Studies".
903:
792:
720:
412:
751:
The neurological process involved in the perception of heartache is not known, but is thought to involve the
620:
376:
367:
20:
881:
In severe cases, the depression of a broken heart can create a sustained type of stress that constitutes an
711:
Failed romantic love or unrequited love can be extremely painful; people with a broken heart may succumb to
2104:
2050:
1580:
The
Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment: Studies in the Theory of Emotional Development
1560:
Seligman, Martin. Helplessness: On
Depression, Development and Death. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1975.
1196:
Goleman, Daniel. The
Emotional Brain and Emotional Intelligence: New Insights. North Hampton, Mass, 2011.
1157:
Zisook, S; Shuchter, SR (October 1991). "Depression through the first year after the death of a spouse".
593:
48:
40:
1850:
1084:
668:
563:
236:
176:
84:
772:
752:
712:
647:
1809:"Why is Bible engagement down in the digital age? Bible Gateway's Rachel Barach shares some insight"
1937:
1877:
932:
832:
may also be involved – the painful feeling of being inherently unacceptable, disposable, unworthy.
768:
740:
573:
171:
1371:
1824:
1414:
Lewis, Helen Block. Shame and Guilt in
Neurosis. Madison: International Universities Press, 1971.
642:
637:
615:
2075:
2027:
1217:
955:
788:
744:
403:
33:
1910:
1396:
Tennov, Dorothy. Love and
Limerence: The Experience of Being in Love, Scarborugh House (1998).
1012:
902:
Research has shown that in extreme cases, some who experience a broken heart go on to develop
1618:
Tiffany Field, "Attachment as
Psychobiological Attunement: Being on the Same Wavelength", in
1089:
661:
181:
708:. The concept is cross-cultural, often cited with reference to unreciprocated or lost love.
2108:
1685:
1032:
882:
732:
627:
485:
342:
154:
2196:
1726:
Ainsworth, Mary D. S. "Attachments and Other Affectional Bonds Across the Life Cycle". In
938:
is due to the emotional stress caused by a traumatic breakup or the death of a loved one.
839:
Exhaustion, muscle tightness or weakness, body pains, fidgety restlessness, lack of energy
813:
8:
2055:
1962:
1741:
1529:
1129:
1027:
731:
The intense pain of a broken heart is believed to be part of the survival instinct. The "
196:
159:
2112:
1808:
1689:
1429:
1405:
Bowlby, John, Loss: Sadness and Depression; Attachment and Loss, III, Basic Books, 1982.
828:, and possibilities for reuniting with the lost individual. When rejection is involved,
2229:
2131:
2092:
1897:
1709:
1697:
1657:
1601:
1337:
1328:
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776:
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305:
260:
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for the intense emotional stress or pain one feels at experiencing great loss or deep
2224:
2136:
1941:
1918:
1889:
1854:
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1649:
1645:
1541:
1342:
1174:
1058:
947:
862:
764:
760:
216:
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1713:
1661:
1605:
848:
Headaches, shortness of breath, chest pressure, tightness or heaviness in the throat
2126:
2116:
2021:"Why Does Social Exclusion Hurt? The Relationship Between Social And Physical Pain"
1881:
1693:
1641:
1593:
1538:
Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society
1516:
Robertiello, Richard. Hold Them Very Close, Then Let Them Go. New York: Dial, 1975.
1460:
1332:
1324:
1211:"Why Does Social Exclusion Hurt? The Relationship Between Social and Physical Pain"
1166:
1104:
1046:
542:
515:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
2001:"Grief, Depressive Symptoms, And Physical Health Among Recently Bereaved Spouses"
1464:
1366:
265:
144:
27:
1533:
1885:
1239:
1067:
943:
796:
583:
358:
241:
191:
2214:
2208:
1966:
1133:
991:
Biblical references to the pain of a broken heart date back to 1015 BC.
890:
person prone to heightened emotional responses within primary relationships.
430:
226:
201:
122:
107:
68:
2121:
1170:
771:
from 2008 showed that rejection is associated with activation of the dorsal
2140:
1893:
1812:
1346:
1063:
632:
328:
252:
206:
127:
57:
2093:"Social Rejection Shares Somatosensory Representations With Physical Pain"
1705:
1653:
1178:
1985:
1911:"Attachment as psychobiological attunement: Being on the same wavelength"
1053:
821:
784:
756:
588:
578:
568:
164:
2191:
2179:
2071:
1287:
1597:
1265:
1263:
1099:
600:
337:
295:
231:
211:
149:
137:
1275:
1674:
Pert, Candace B. Molecules of Emotion. New York: Scribner, 1997' and
1583:
1152:
1150:
1094:
1079:
736:
385:
288:
246:
186:
132:
102:
2070:
1260:
1254:
1062:
portrays the artist's heartbreak during and after an affair between
462:
858:
759:
causing pain, nausea or muscle tightness in the chest. Research by
701:
1147:
2167:
825:
716:
529:
314:
2091:
Kross E, Berman MG, Mischel W, Smith EE, Wager TD (April 2011).
26:"Breaking hearts" redirects here. For the Elton John album, see
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1008:
1000:
951:
705:
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453:
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1293:
984:
976:
829:
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383:
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365:
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349:
347:
1528:
1753:
1751:
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1044:
dies of a broken heart after the banishment of her son in
886:
being left with no one to take care of one's vital needs.
2049:
1269:
1775:
1748:
1313:"Grief and bereavement: what psychiatrists need to know"
755:
of the brain, which during stress may overstimulate the
16:
Intense stress or pain one feels at experiencing longing
2019:
1040:, who dies of a broken heart after betraying a friend.
2185:
Motivation and emotion/Book/2018/Broken-heart syndrome
1675:
1450:
1482:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p. 340.
1867:
1578:
Winnecott, Donald W. "The Capacity to be Alone". In
1378:
1281:
861:
and has been found to precipitate episodes of major
1582:. Madison: International Universities Press, 1965;
1020:
Look at the cloud, how it cries like a grieving man
961:
2072:"Study Illuminates The 'Pain' Of Social Rejection"
1999:
1827:. Shakespeare Literature. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
1763:
1631:
954:and longer Q-T intervals that are associated with
1798:The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature
1739:LeDoux, Joseph. "Emotion, Memory and the Brain".
897:
52:1938 poster for an adaptation of Avery Hopwood's
39:"Heartbreak" redirects here. For other uses, see
2206:
2051:"What Causes Chest Pain When Feelings Are Hurt?"
1982:"Diseases And Conditions: Broken Heart Syndrome"
1311:Zisook, Sidney; Shear, Katherine (1 June 2009).
1022:Thunder moans like a lover with a broken heart.
527:
2097:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1524:
1522:
1961:
1915:The Psychobiology of Attachment and Separation
1620:The Psychobiology of Attachment and Separation
1156:
975:The sentiment is expressed in a collection of
842:Insomnia, sleeping too much, disturbing dreams
460:
451:
442:
1506:. New York: International Universities Press.
669:
312:
303:
1980:
1757:
1519:
1015:, used broken heart imagery in his writing.
490:
474:
326:
1625:
1310:
1204:
1202:
513:
504:
1208:
676:
662:
2130:
2120:
1336:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1934:Critical Care Ultrasound: Expert Consult
1847:Trauma Psychology: Violence And Disaster
1423:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1255:University of Michigan News Service 2011
1199:
1011:, regarded as the first great genius of
926:
921:
835:The physical signs of grieving include:
47:
876:
2207:
1563:
1185:
1116:
970:
807:
1908:
1844:
1781:
1586:Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy
1501:
1477:
1384:
1359:
1299:
60:as a metaphor for unhappiness in love
1963:"A Broken Heart can Really Hurt You"
1931:
1769:
1130:"A Broken Heart can Really Hurt You"
2076:University of Michigan News Service
2003:. The Gerontologist. Archived from
1825:"Romeo and Juliet, Act V Scene III"
1127:
748:associated with relationship loss.
13:
1909:Field, Tiffany (2 December 2012).
1698:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51914.x
1360:Broom, Sarah M. (30 August 2004).
1329:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2009.tb00217.x
83:
14:
2241:
2220:Metaphors referring to body parts
2148:
1728:Attachments Across the Life Cycle
1428:. HomeLifeCountry. Archived from
1294:National Academy of Sciences 2011
1209:MacDonald, Geoff; Leary, Mark R.
2190:
2178:
2166:
2154:
1282:Eisenberger & Lieberman 2004
987:pour oil on my heart that aches.
962:Endocrine and immune dysfunction
222:Passionate and companionate love
1818:
1802:
1787:
1733:
1720:
1668:
1612:
1572:
1554:
1510:
1495:
1486:
1471:
1444:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1353:
56:, showing a physically cracked
2183:Learning materials related to
1159:American Journal of Psychiatry
904:post-traumatic stress disorder
898:Post-traumatic stress disorder
793:secondary somatosensory cortex
721:post-traumatic stress disorder
1:
2195:The dictionary definition of
1270:Scientific American Mind 2015
1110:
852:
802:
726:
2105:National Academy of Sciences
1870:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
1646:10.1016/0960-0760(91)90255-4
1540:. New York: Guilford Press.
1465:10.3928/00485713-20081001-01
719:and, in more extreme cases,
7:
1504:The Restoration of the Self
1478:Colin, Virginia A. (1996).
1073:
41:Heartbreak (disambiguation)
10:
2246:
1913:. In Reite, Martin (ed.).
1886:10.1016/j.tics.2004.05.010
1851:Greenwood Publishing Group
1838:
1833:
1815:. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
1634:J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol
1532:; McFarlane, Alexander C;
1085:Interpersonal relationship
930:
857:A broken heart is a major
564:Color wheel theory of love
237:Queerplatonic relationship
177:Interpersonal relationship
38:
32:. For the Chara song, see
25:
18:
1955:
1845:Carll, Elizabeth (2007).
795:and the dorsal posterior
773:anterior cingulate cortex
753:anterior cingulate cortex
648:Triangular theory of love
1938:Elsevier Health Sciences
1878:University of California
933:Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
769:University of California
741:University of Queensland
733:social-attachment system
574:Biology of romantic love
172:Interpersonal attraction
2122:10.1073/pnas.1102693108
1426:"Bereavement And Grief"
1171:10.1176/ajp.148.10.1346
946:expressed how the left
643:Physical attractiveness
429:
420:
411:
402:
393:
384:
375:
366:
357:
348:
2171:Quotations related to
2028:Psychological Bulletin
1530:van der Kolk, Bessel A
1218:Psychological Bulletin
1036:features a character,
1025:
1006:
989:
789:University of Michigan
745:Wake Forest University
528:
514:
505:
491:
475:
461:
452:
443:
327:
313:
304:
89:
88:Red-outline heart icon
61:
34:Breaking Hearts (song)
1932:Lumb, Philip (2014).
1502:Kohut, Heinz (1977).
1090:Intimate relationship
1017:
993:
981:
927:Broken heart syndrome
922:Medical complications
87:
51:
2163:at Wikimedia Commons
1374:on 24 February 2009.
1033:Antony and Cleopatra
877:Psychological trauma
628:Mere-exposure effect
19:For other uses, see
2113:2011PNAS..108.6270K
2056:Scientific American
1784:, pp. 382–387.
1742:Scientific American
1690:1997NYASA.807...78P
1284:, pp. 294–300.
971:Cultural references
808:Uncomplicated grief
197:Love at first sight
1598:10.1007/BF00945978
1453:Psychiatric Annals
1128:Johnson, R. Skip.
777:pre-frontal cortex
775:and right-ventral
743:and Mark Leary of
261:Unconditional love
118:Compassionate love
90:
62:
54:Why Men Leave Home
2159:Media related to
1924:978-0-323-14721-7
1547:978-1-5723-0088-0
1059:Memory, the Heart
1056:'s 1937 painting
814:Kübler-Ross model
765:Matthew Lieberman
761:Naomi Eisenberger
686:
685:
2237:
2194:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2144:
2134:
2124:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2036:
2030:. Archived from
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2014:
2012:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1951:
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1864:
1828:
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1758:Mayo Clinic 2015
1755:
1746:
1737:
1731:
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1678:Ann N Y Acad Sci
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1483:
1480:Human Attachment
1475:
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1421:
1415:
1412:
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1397:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1370:. Archived from
1357:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1317:World Psychiatry
1308:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1220:. Archived from
1215:
1206:
1197:
1194:
1183:
1182:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1125:
1105:Widowhood effect
1047:Romeo and Juliet
1004:
883:emotional trauma
678:
671:
664:
543:Mamihlapinatapai
533:
519:
510:
496:
480:
466:
457:
448:
434:
425:
416:
407:
398:
389:
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2079:
2078:. 25 March 2011
2061:
2059:
2040:
2038:
2037:on 8 April 2020
2034:
2023:
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2008:
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1988:
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1969:
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1527:
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1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1476:
1472:
1459:(10): 655–661.
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1445:
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1391:
1383:
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1227:on 8 April 2020
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1200:
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1165:(10): 1346–52.
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1024:
1021:
1005:
999:
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967:of depression.
964:
944:echocardiograms
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929:
924:
900:
879:
855:
810:
805:
729:
692:(also known as
682:
653:
652:
616:Religious views
606:Valentine's Day
594:in Christianity
559:
551:
550:
279:
271:
270:
266:Unrequited love
145:Falling in love
98:
44:
37:
29:Breaking Hearts
24:
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2187:at Wikiversity
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2149:External links
2147:
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2007:on 13 May 2015
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1794:Collection III
1786:
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1732:
1719:
1667:
1640:(4B): 573–82.
1624:
1622:, pp. 445-448.
1611:
1592:(3): 183–192.
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1432:on 9 June 2019
1424:Staff Writer.
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2107:: 6270–6275.
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2198:broken heart
2197:
2175:at Wikiquote
2173:Broken heart
2100:
2096:
2080:. Retrieved
2060:. Retrieved
2054:
2039:. Retrieved
2032:the original
2009:. Retrieved
2005:the original
1989:. Retrieved
1970:. Retrieved
1933:
1917:. Elsevier.
1914:
1873:
1869:
1846:
1820:
1813:Biblegateway
1804:
1789:
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1765:
1745:(June 1994).
1740:
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1446:
1434:. Retrieved
1430:the original
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1380:
1372:the original
1365:
1362:"Milestones"
1355:
1323:(2): 67–74.
1320:
1316:
1289:
1277:
1229:. Retrieved
1222:the original
1162:
1158:
1137:. Retrieved
1057:
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819:
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781:
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735:" uses the "
730:
710:
697:
693:
690:broken heart
689:
687:
633:Sacred Heart
621:love deities
541:
329:Amour-propre
278:Social views
253:Amour de soi
251:
207:Lovesickness
128:Courtly love
113:Broken heart
112:
58:heart symbol
53:
45:
28:
21:Broken Heart
1986:Mayo Clinic
1880:: 294–300.
1436:15 November
1064:her husband
1054:Frida Kahlo
1028:Shakespeare
822:John Bowlby
785:Ethan Kross
757:vagus nerve
737:pain system
589:Love of God
579:Love letter
569:Bhakti yoga
524:Portuguese
138:troubadours
2209:Categories
2082:3 November
1782:Field 2012
1385:Carll 2007
1111:References
1100:Loneliness
1068:her sister
979:proverbs:
863:depression
853:Depression
803:Psychology
727:Physiology
713:depression
694:heartbreak
638:Similarity
611:Philosophy
601:Love magic
296:Patriotism
232:Puppy love
212:Lovestruck
150:Friendship
2230:Suffering
1770:Lumb 2014
1095:Limerence
1080:Emptiness
1038:Enobarbus
948:ventricle
698:heartache
386:Philautia
289:Free love
284:Anarchist
247:Self-love
187:Limerence
155:cross-sex
133:courtship
103:Affection
2225:Emotions
2141:21444827
2062:18 March
2011:18 March
1991:18 March
1902:15893740
1894:15242688
1714:23809381
1662:46330425
1606:37471839
1536:(1996).
1347:19516922
1074:See also
1030:'s play
998:—
977:Sumerian
906:(PTSD).
859:stressor
702:metaphor
558:Concepts
471:Islamic
300:Chinese
182:Intimacy
160:romantic
69:a series
67:Part of
2132:3076808
2109:Bibcode
1972:14 June
1839:Printed
1834:Sources
1706:9071345
1686:Bibcode
1654:1892788
1338:2691160
1179:1897615
1139:14 June
952:T waves
826:breakup
767:of the
717:anxiety
706:longing
700:) is a
538:Yaghan
530:Saudade
516:Caritas
439:Indian
323:French
315:Yuanfen
242:Romance
217:Passion
108:Bonding
2139:
2129:
2103:(15).
1956:Online
1944:
1921:
1900:
1892:
1857:
1712:
1704:
1660:
1652:
1604:
1544:
1345:
1335:
1177:
1009:Rudaki
956:stress
797:insula
501:Latin
493:Chesed
486:Jewish
463:Maitrī
454:Bhakti
422:Storgḗ
413:Pragma
404:Philos
395:Philia
2041:7 May
2035:(PDF)
2024:(PDF)
1898:S2CID
1876:(7).
1710:S2CID
1658:S2CID
1602:S2CID
1231:7 May
1225:(PDF)
1214:(PDF)
1003:69:20
1001:Psalm
985:Inana
830:shame
787:from
431:Xenia
377:Mania
368:Ludus
350:Agape
338:Greek
2215:Love
2137:PMID
2084:2011
2064:2015
2043:2012
2013:2015
1993:2015
1974:2015
1942:ISBN
1919:ISBN
1890:PMID
1855:ISBN
1702:PMID
1650:PMID
1542:ISBN
1438:2012
1367:Time
1343:PMID
1233:2012
1175:PMID
1141:2014
1066:and
983:May
763:and
507:Amor
477:Ishq
445:Kama
359:Eros
165:zone
77:Love
2127:PMC
2117:doi
2101:108
1882:doi
1796:at
1694:doi
1682:807
1642:doi
1594:doi
1461:doi
1333:PMC
1325:doi
1167:doi
1163:148
696:or
306:Ren
2211::
2135:.
2125:.
2115:.
2099:.
2095:.
2074:.
2053:.
2026:.
1984:.
1965:.
1940:.
1936:.
1896:.
1888:.
1872:.
1853:.
1849:.
1811:.
1750:^
1708:.
1700:.
1692:.
1680:.
1656:.
1648:.
1638:39
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1600:.
1590:23
1588:.
1521:^
1457:38
1455:.
1364:.
1341:.
1331:.
1319:.
1315:.
1301:^
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1216:.
1201:^
1187:^
1173:.
1161:.
1149:^
1132:.
1118:^
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715:,
688:A
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2119::
2111::
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1950:.
1927:.
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1884::
1874:8
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
