223:, which is darker and more appropriate for the Depression. When discussing the prosperous past, the melody jumps an octave on the words "building a dream", emphasizing the dream, and moves briefly into a major key, evoking energy and optimism. This is placed in baffling and poignant contrast with the reality ("standing in line, / Just waiting for bread"). The song then reverts to the augmented dominant of the minor key in the word "time" in the line "Once I built a railroad, made it run / Made it race against time," marking the end of prosperous times, and changing to a wistful mood. Each of the three main stanzas end in a direct appeal to the listener, "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" The bridge deals with the singer's experiences as a veteran of the Great War, falling from patriotism "looked swell" to the discordant harmonies of "slogging through hell". The song then ends, not on a note of resignation, but with anger – repeating the beginning (as is usual for Broadway songs), an octave higher, but with a significant change: the friendly "
139:
38:
462:
help the listener remember that the singer was working towards a dream, which is now shattered. They also write that the song is a "masterpiece of economy" in building towards a "climactic assertion of commonality and interdependency" in "I'm your pal". "The music and lyrics together make us feel the
457:
According to
Meyerson and Ernest Harburg, the challenge that Yip Harburg faced in crafting the lyrics was "much like the challenge confronting the street-corner panhandler: to establish the character's individuality and the moral and political basis for his claim". They write that the latter achieved
211:
protests about military bonuses payable only after 21 years. Harburg said in an interview: "the man is really saying: I made an investment in this country. Where the hell are my dividends? ... doesn't reduce him to a beggar. It makes him a dignified human being, asking questions—and a bit outraged,
470:
remarked that the title is "the entire history of the
Depression in a single phrase" and the listener ends up "feeling the time-immemorial complaint that the working man doesn't get the rewards". He says that Harburg and Gorney were brave to express this message in 1932 "when no one was saying this
416:
said that "Brother" was the only part of the show worth praising. Harburg later wrote that the song earned him several thousand dollars and helped him get started in the music business. Business leaders tried to have it banned from the radio, viewing the song as "a dangerous attack on the
American
424:
Few thematic
Depression songs were popular, because Americans did not want music which reminded them of the economic situation, but "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" was "the exception that proved the rule". Unlike other popular songs of the same era which tended to be upbeat, with titles such as
277:. Unusually, Vallee's version includes a spoken introduction, in which the narrator states that the song is "a bit out of character" for him. The song became popular through these versions, which were both frequently aired on the radio and competed for listeners. By the end of the year,
175:: "We had to have a title... Not to say, my wife is sick, I've got six children, the Crash put me out of business, hand me a dime. I hate songs of that kind." Harburg's worksheets show that he went through several drafts of the lyrics, which included a satirical version attacking
129:
that were released in late 1932. The song received positive reviews and was one of the most popular songs of 1932. As one of the few popular songs during the era to discuss the darker aspects of the collapse, it came to be viewed as an anthem of the Great
Depression.
437:" (1931), "Brother" "put words and music to what many Americans were feeling—fear, grief, even anger". The song was one of the first musical works to take the Depression seriously. It was one of the most popular twenty songs of 1932 in the United States.
199:: it is intended to embrace all listeners. The man is someone "who kept faith in America, and now America has betrayed him". After three years of the Depression, the man has lost his job and is reduced to begging for charity. He recognizes the man whose
165:, who emigrated to the United States in 1906, heard in his native Russia. Initially, it had other lyrics which discussed a romantic breakup. Gorney recalled that the pair came up with the title "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" after walking in the
547:
475:
wrote that the song was "one of the first theatre songs to have a potent sociological message, and it remains one of the most powerful of the genre". The song was the most prominent cultural representation of the Bonus Army.
445:
wrote that the song "endures as an anthem for the downtrodden and the forgotten". In 2011, Zinsser wrote that "Brother" "still hovers in the national memory; I can hear its ghostly echo in the chants of the
1376:
441:
and
Michael Lasser wrote that the song "embodied the Depression for millions of Americans... No other popular song caught the spirit of its time with such urgency." In 2007,
2332:
458:
this by gradually building intimacy with the listener, starting in third person and moving into first, second, and then both first and second combined ("I'm your pal"). The
410:
s review stated that the song "deflates the rolling bombast of our political nightmare with greater effect than all the rest of Mr. McEvoy's satirical skits put together";
195:, but was foiled by the Great Depression. He is the universal everyman who holds various professions, being a farmer and a construction worker as well as a veteran of
219:"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" has an unusual structure for a Broadway song. First, rather than starting in a major key, as most Broadway songs do, it begins in a
138:
1383:
121:
has been foiled by the economic collapse. Unusual for a
Broadway song, it was composed largely in a minor key. The song became best known through recordings by
403:
1901:
1414:
751:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a
Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
472:
395:... Mr. Gorney has expressed the spirit of these times with more heart-breaking anguish than any of the prose bards of the day." Gilbert Gabriel in
179:
and other tycoons. However, over time
Harburg moved towards more concrete imagery, resulting in the final version. Both Gorney and Harburg were
117:; the melody is based on a Russian-Jewish lullaby. The song tells the story of the universal everyman, whose honest work towards achieving the
1456:
1407:
1207:
786:
1936:
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writes that "he song so lacerated the national conscience that radio stations banned it" for being "sympathetic to the unemployed".
1985:
1798:
1084:
989:
771:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a
Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
2317:
2158:
377:
At the time, reviews of musicals rarely devoted much space to the songs' lyrics and melody. That was not true of the reviews of
169:
where they heard unemployed men asking "Can you spare a dime?" Harburg recalled that he was working on a song for the musical
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out loud". Furia and Lasser write that the song is unusual in relying on a strong narrative instead of emotion or imagery.
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wrote that "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" was "plaintive and thundering" and "the first song of the year that can be sung
993:
584:
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2151:
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and his Band (again at the Cafe Anglais) was recorded the same year for a "Lew Stone Favourites" medley, with vocals by
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had gone into the music business, working as a lyricist. The melody derives from a Jewish lullaby that the composer
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1885:
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1066:(October 6, 1932). "The Play: Design and Dance in an "American Revue" That Represents Modern Taste in Artistry".
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wrote: "Gorney and Harburg have written something so stirring that it will run away with the whole show".
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1995:
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idea that workers deserve to enjoy the fruits of their labor, rather than have it be diverted by others.
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872:"How a Russian Jewish Lullaby Turned into the Anthem of the Forgotten Men and Women of Our Country"
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1943:
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and Ernest Harburg, "hythmically and melodically it sounds like a Jewish chant." An article in
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2016:
2002:
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154:, had a severe impact on the country. In 1932, 25 percent of American men were unemployed.
37:
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2008:
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304:, with vocals by Bill Currie, featuring non-vocal speech by Currie and Roy. A version by
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Dum", a reference to patriotism, and the evocation of veterans also recalls the mid-1932
176:
2113:
1975:
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721:
America's Songs: The Stories Behind the Songs of Broadway, Hollywood, and Tin Pan Alley
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The song was first performed by the vaudeville singer Rex Weber as part of the musical
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257:, which ran from October to December 1932 and was not a success. Three weeks after
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285:. The song has been covered by at least 52 artists in the United States including
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203:(equivalent to $ 1.82 in 2023) he is asking for. The lyrics refer to "
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economic system". They were unsuccessful, due to the song's popularity.
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and his Orchestra (From the Cafe Anglais, London) in 1933 and issued by
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Marching on Washington: The Forging of an American Political Tradition
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61:
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Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?: The Life of Composer Jay Gorney
517:
Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz?: Yip Harburg, Lyricist
1037:
109:
227:
can you spare a dime?" is replaced with the more assertive "
53:
986:
Song by Song: The Lives and Work of 14 Great Lyric Writers
1086:
Yip Harburg: Legendary Lyricist and Human Rights Activist
689:
548:"Brother Can You Spare a Dime? The story behind the song"
451:
282:
186:
589:
The Great Depression in America: A Cultural Encyclopedia
1384:
Where the Blue of the Night (Meets the Gold of the Day)
142:
Unemployed men outside a soup kitchen in Chicago, 1931.
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described it as "the anthem of the Great Depression".
212:
too, as he should be." This reflects the socialist or
316:. In 1948, a revival of the song by British vocalist
2333:
United States National Recording Registry recordings
816:. University of California Press. pp. 104–105.
281:had also covered the song on his popular show for
241:magazine suggested that the melody was similar to
93:" is one of the best-known American songs of the
2274:
618:American Dreamers: How the Left Changed a Nation
520:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 46–52.
1742:Too-Ra-Loo-Ra-Loo-Ral (That's an Irish Lullaby)
1050:
513:
1150:The American Musical Theatre Song Encyclopedia
591:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 72–74.
578:
576:
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572:
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568:
1201:
988:. R. Anderson Publications. p. 140. See
983:
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157:After his appliance business went bankrupt,
938:. Harrow: General Gramophone Publications.
908:"A 1930s Song of Americana Still Resonates"
898:
896:
894:
892:
737:
714:
710:
708:
706:
583:Young, William H.; Young, Nancy K. (2007).
565:
509:
191:The song is about a man who has sought the
1408:I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance with You
1208:
1194:
1108:
1106:
935:British dance bands on record 1911 to 1945
931:
610:
608:
582:
514:Meyerson, Harold; Harburg, Ernest (1995).
507:
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497:
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36:
1089:. Wesleyan University Press. p. 32.
865:
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843:The Twentieth Century: A People's History
541:
539:
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1799:On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe
1062:
1020:Oxford Dictionary of Humorous Quotations
902:
889:
764:
744:
703:
640:
638:
545:
261:opened, the song was covered by crooner
137:
1986:Have I Told You Lately That I Love You?
1215:
1143:
1112:
1103:
1016:
805:
803:
787:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
715:Furia, Philip; Lasser, Michael (2006).
686:"A Depression-Era Anthem For Our Times"
680:
605:
486:
372:
2275:
2093:In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening
1082:
1023:. Oxford University Press. p. 8.
860:
809:
644:
534:
187:Composition and lyrical interpretation
2159:Count Your Blessings Instead of Sheep
1189:
870:Boehm, Lisa Krissoff (5 April 2018).
869:
785:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
635:
614:
546:McCollum, Sean (September 17, 2019).
335:, Harburg wrote a parody version for
148:Great Depression in the United States
21:Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? (film)
984:Brahms, Caryl; Sherrin, Ned (1984).
836:
830:
800:
450:marchers". In a 2008 retrospective,
231:can you spare a dime?" According to
1520:You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby
1152:. Greenwood Press. pp. 38–39.
932:Rust, Brian; Forbes, Sandy (1987).
651:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 12–13.
19:For the 1975 documentary film, see
13:
723:. Routledge. pp. 72, 99–100.
665:
463:quiet desperation of the singer."
14:
2349:
2254:Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy
1722:Is You Is or Is You Ain't My Baby
1422:Did You Ever See a Dream Walking?
1170:
973:. September 19, 1948. p. 11.
2313:Songs with lyrics by Yip Harburg
1534:Ciribiribin (They're So in Love)
1146:"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"
717:"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"
621:. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 176.
585:"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"
31:"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"
1137:
1118:"Brother, Can You Spare a Job?"
1076:
1056:
1010:
977:
960:
925:
846:. Harper Collins. p. 116.
435:Life Is Just a Bowl of Cherries
431:On the Sunny Side of the Street
367:Brother, can you spare a rope?
245:, the Israeli national anthem.
2318:Songs with music by Jay Gorney
2055:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
1732:Hot Time in the Town of Berlin
1436:Love Is Just Around the Corner
1401:Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?
1083:Alonso, Harriet Hyman (2013).
296:In the UK, it was recorded by
91:Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?
1:
2303:Songs about the United States
2236:That's What Life Is All About
1951:Dear Hearts and Gentle People
1886:Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town
1773:Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive
1643:People Will Say We're in Love
479:
133:
1869:(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66
1657:Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'
779:American Antiquarian Society
759:American Antiquarian Society
7:
1996:Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy
1862:South America, Take It Away
1813:It's Been a Long, Long Time
1144:Hischak, Thomas S. (1995).
1051:Meyerson & Harburg 1995
10:
2354:
1677:I'll Be Home for Christmas
1601:Deep in the Heart of Texas
351:Life had meaning and hope.
249:Musical and cover versions
105:, it was part of the 1932
18:
2245:
2227:
1967:
1827:I Can't Begin to Tell You
1636:Sunday, Monday, or Always
1550:
1319:
1233:
1224:
427:Happy Days Are Here Again
269:; it was also covered by
150:, which started with the
73:
59:
52:
35:
30:
2173:In a Little Spanish Town
1506:Sail Along, Silv'ry Moon
1499:Never in a Million Years
1276:Silent Night, Holy Night
810:Barber, Lucy G. (2004).
1841:The Bells of St. Mary's
1756:Long Ago (and Far Away)
1457:I Can't Escape from You
1450:It Ain't Necessarily So
645:Gorney, Sondra (2005).
615:Kazin, Michael (2011).
273:shortly thereafter for
16:1932 popular music song
2293:Great Depression songs
2205:(with Louis Armstrong)
2073:(with Andrews Sisters)
2069:Sparrow in the Treetop
1990:(with Andrews Sisters)
1980:(with Andrews Sisters)
1944:Some Enchanted Evening
1890:(with Andrews Sisters)
1873:(with Andrews Sisters)
1793:(with Andrews Sisters)
1790:Along the Navajo Trail
1783:You Belong to My Heart
1777:(with Andrews Sisters)
1767:(with Andrews Sisters)
1736:(with Andrews Sisters)
1726:(with Andrews Sisters)
1688:(with Andrews Sisters)
1671:(with Andrews Sisters)
370:
152:1929 Wall Street crash
143:
97:. Written by lyricist
42:Sheet music cover for
2328:Traditional pop songs
2142:Down by the Riverside
2107:The Isle of Innisfree
1629:Moonlight Becomes You
1377:Goodnight, Sweetheart
1017:Sherrin, Ned (2008).
684:(November 15, 2008).
353:Now we're stuck with
341:
141:
2166:Stranger in Paradise
2003:Play a Simple Melody
1580:New San Antonio Rose
1559:Tumbling Tumbleweeds
1443:I Wished on the Moon
1290:(with Paul Whiteman)
1280:(with Paul Whiteman)
1270:(with Paul Whiteman)
1260:(with Paul Whiteman)
1179:(1932) published by
1123:The American Scholar
906:(27 November 2007).
404:Theater Arts Monthly
373:Reception and legacy
331:and in light of the
2308:Songs from musicals
2298:Music controversies
2211:Well, Did You Evah!
2062:A Marshmallow World
1667:Pistol Packin' Mama
1464:Pennies from Heaven
1394:Waltzing in a Dream
1388:(Bing's Theme Song)
1116:(4 November 2011).
967:"Record Round-Up".
177:John D. Rockefeller
2146:(with Gary Crosby)
2114:Zing a Little Zong
2021:(with Gary Crosby)
1715:Swinging on a Star
1708:I'll Be Seeing You
1661:(with Trudy Erwin)
1328:Three Little Words
1069:The New York Times
912:The New York Times
552:The Kennedy Center
448:Occupy Wall Street
384:The New York Times
337:The New York Times
312:, and released by
144:
2323:Bing Crosby songs
2270:
2269:
2263:
2220:
2206:
2196:
2182:
2147:
2137:
2123:
2102:
2088:
2074:
2022:
2012:
1991:
1981:
1937:Riders in the Sky
1891:
1874:
1822:
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1778:
1768:
1763:Don't Fence Me In
1737:
1727:
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1527:God Bless America
1389:
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1337:
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1291:
1281:
1271:
1261:
1251:
1159:978-0-313-29407-5
1096:978-0-8195-7124-3
1030:978-0-19-923716-6
1003:978-0-86360-014-2
853:978-0-06-184346-4
823:978-0-520-93120-6
730:978-1-135-47192-7
658:978-0-8108-5655-4
628:978-0-307-26628-6
598:978-0-313-33522-8
527:978-0-472-08312-1
473:Thomas S. Hischak
398:New York American
333:Watergate scandal
329:1970s stagflation
267:Brunswick Records
87:
86:
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2201:Now You Has Jazz
2190:
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1342:I Surrender Dear
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1181:Paramount-Publix
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1114:Zinsser, William
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1064:Atkinson, Brooks
1060:
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349:Praise the Lord!
320:was released on
275:Columbia Records
95:Great Depression
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2338:Socialist works
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2085:Louis Armstrong
2041:Beyond the Reef
1963:
1923:Far Away Places
1909:Now Is the Hour
1848:McNamara's Band
1622:White Christmas
1573:It's Always You
1546:
1540:Andrews Sisters
1429:June in January
1363:At Your Command
1315:
1302:Dorsey Brothers
1266:Mississippi Mud
1229:
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1177:Autograph score
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2288:1932 singles
2128:Silver Bells
2079:Gone Fishin'
1684:Jingle Bells
1607:Woody Herman
1566:Only Forever
1471:Silent Night
1400:
1149:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1121:
1085:
1078:
1067:
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1019:
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838:Zinn, Howard
832:
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792:February 29,
790:. Retrieved
770:
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739:
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693:. Retrieved
682:Kapilow, Rob
647:
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555:. Retrieved
516:
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439:Philip Furia
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318:Steve Conway
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287:Judy Collins
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167:Central Park
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2260:David Bowie
2193:Grace Kelly
2034:All My Love
2009:Gary Crosby
1976:Quicksilver
1649:Trudy Erwin
1492:Blue Hawaii
1348:Gus Arnheim
1296:Let's Do It
1227:Discography
1217:Bing Crosby
763:1700–1799:
743:1634–1699:
468:Rob Kapilow
429:" (1929), "
327:During the
271:Rudy Vallee
263:Bing Crosby
197:World War I
159:Yip Harburg
127:Rudy Vallée
123:Bing Crosby
99:Yip Harburg
82:Yip Harburg
76:Lyricist(s)
62:Composer(s)
2283:1931 songs
2277:Categories
2179:Buddy Cole
2120:Jane Wyman
2099:Jane Wyman
2017:Sam's Song
1958:Mule Train
1896:Galway Bay
1701:I Love You
1586:Bob Crosby
1513:My Reverie
1415:Temptation
480:References
302:Parlophone
209:Bonus Army
181:socialists
163:Jay Gorney
134:Background
103:Jay Gorney
68:Jay Gorney
2187:True Love
1902:Ballerina
1694:Poinciana
379:Americana
346:Roosevelt
310:Al Bowlly
306:Lew Stone
298:Harry Roy
291:Tom Waits
279:Al Jolson
259:Americana
255:Americana
221:minor key
172:Americana
114:Americana
45:Americana
1834:Symphony
1370:Stardust
954:17951884
840:(2009).
768:(1992).
748:(1997).
466:Pianist
322:Columbia
243:Hatikvah
225:Brother,
1594:Dolores
1219:singles
413:Variety
214:Marxist
107:musical
2258:(with
2215:(with
2191:(with
2177:(with
2132:(with
2118:(with
2097:(with
2083:(with
2007:(with
1817:(with
1647:(with
1605:(with
1584:(with
1538:(with
1346:(with
1332:(with
1310:Louise
1300:(with
1246:(with
1156:
1129:22 May
1093:
1027:
1000:
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917:26 May
881:26 May
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695:21 May
655:
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557:21 May
524:
393:
238:Tablet
229:Buddy,
2246:1980s
2228:1970s
2181:Trio)
1968:1950s
1551:1940s
1320:1930s
1234:1920s
775:(PDF)
755:(PDF)
408:'
381:. In
359:Agnew
355:Nixon
314:Decca
110:revue
1749:Amor
1154:ISBN
1131:2020
1091:ISBN
1025:ISBN
998:ISBN
994:dime
990:rope
950:OCLC
940:ISBN
919:2020
883:2020
848:ISBN
818:ISBN
794:2024
725:ISBN
697:2020
653:ISBN
623:ISBN
593:ISBN
559:2020
522:ISBN
363:Ford
289:and
265:for
201:dime
146:The
125:and
54:Song
690:NPR
452:NPR
283:NBC
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