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lands under the water covering an area of Lake Huron and
Georgian Bay from south of Goderich, west to the international border and north to the mid-point between the tip of the Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island; then east to the mid-point of Georgian Bay and south to the southernmost point of Nottawasaga Bay." A trial to establish the ownership and resolve disputes over the treaties began in 2019.
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1994, after decades on increasing First
Nations activism, the Saugeen Ojibway filed a suit for a land claim for part of their traditional territory; they claimed breach of trust by the Crown in failing to meet its treaty obligations to protect Aboriginal lands. The claim seeks the return of lands still held by the Crown and financial compensation for other lands. This claim is still active.
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192:. In less than 20 years, most of the valuable timber was gone, and timber industry jobs declined. Fuelled by the waste left behind by the rapid logging and land clearances, intense forest fires sprang up around the peninsula in 1908, burning large swaths of land. By the mid-1920s, the formerly abundant forests of the peninsula were nearly barren. When the
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The highest concentration of nesting birds can be found in the Bruce in May and June each year. About 20 species of warblers breed on "the Bruce," including the black-throated green, yellow, yellow-rumped, and
Blackburnian warblers and the ubiquitous American redstart. They make their summer homes in
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As occurs with present-day water bodies, such as Hudson Bay or the Gulf of Mexico, rivers flowing into this ancient sea carried sand, silt and clay to be deposited as thick layers of sediment. At the same time, lime-rich organic material from the abundant sea life was also accumulating. Over millions
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to cede lands south of the peninsula to the
Canadian government in exchange for learning agriculture, proper housing, assistance in becoming "civilized," and for permanent protection of the peninsula. In 1854, the Saugeen Ojibway agreed to sign another treaty – this time for the peninsula itself. In
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has made a comeback along the northern shores of Sauble Beach as well, and nest in restricted areas of the beach. These are well marked to prevent visitors overrunning the area and to reduce negative human effects. Migrating hawks also follow the
Niagara Escarpment. Hawks travel during the day, and
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is a ridge of rock several hundred metres high in some locations, stretching 725 kilometres (450 mi) from
Queenston on the Niagara River, to Tobermory at the tip of the Bruce Peninsula. Today, in Ontario, the Escarpment contains more than 100 sites of geological significance, including some of
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European settlement began on the peninsula in the mid-19th century, despite its poor potential for agricultural development. Attracted by the rich fisheries and lush forest, settlers found the land known then as the "Indian or
Saugeen Peninsula" to be irresistible. In 1881, settlers built the first
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The claims for land and payment of rent on lands discussed in early treaties are significant. The
Saugeen is now determined to establish its claim to the waters of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay and any Crown Land remaining on the peninsula. "The two First Nations are claiming aboriginal title to the
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in 1932, the devastation on the fish supply made the peninsula a less attractive place to live; many left when fish stocks became depleted. The peninsula underwent a steady decline in population until the 1970s. In the late 20th century, the peninsula started to attract a new kind of resident: the
127:, the peninsula has the largest remaining area of forest and natural habitat in Southern Ontario and is home to some of the oldest trees in eastern North America. An important flyway for migrating birds, the peninsula is habitat to a variety of animals, including
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The
Niagara Escarpment has origins dating to the Silurian age some 430 to 450 million years ago, a time when the area lay under a shallow warm sea. This sea lay in a depression of the Earth's crust, centered in what is now the lower peninsula of the State of
120:. Parks Canada now refers to the peninsula as "Saugeen Peninsula" in recognition of its being traditional territories of the Saugeen-Ojibway nation. However the national park retains the name "Bruce Peninsula National Park" for the time being.
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of years these materials became compressed into massive layers of sedimentary rocks and ancient reef structures now visible along the
Escarpment. Some rock layers now consist of soft shales and sandstones while others are made up of
168:, from whom a large number of local native people are descended. Oral history from Saugeen and Nawash suggests their ancestors have been here as early as 7500 years ago. The area of Hope Bay is known to natives as
733:- The waters at the mouth of Georgian Bay are home to Fathom Five - Canada's first National Marine Conservation Area. The park preserves 22 shipwrecks and several historic light stations. Fathom Five's
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879:, located near Tobermory is one of the six famous "Imperial" lighthouses built in the 1850s by John Brown which can be found on the mainland and on nearby islands of the northern Bruce Peninsula.
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Globally, there are more than 30,000 orchid species. Canada is home to 77 of these species. Ontario has 61 varieties of orchids, and of these, 44 can be found in the Bruce Peninsula.
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The northwestern part of the Bruce Peninsula is at the lower right. North is oriented towards the upper left in this photo taken from the International Space Station on April 10, 2022
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Organized in the mid-1970s, during a period of increased political activism, Saugeen First Nation declared itself the primary 'political successor apparent' to the historic
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Today, fossil remains illustrating the various life forms can be found in many of the rocks as they are slowly exposed by the action of wind, water and ice.
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The Bruce Peninsula is located on a major northern migration route, so many species of birds, such as the bald eagle, have their wintering grounds here.
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The peninsula has eastern mixed forests and boreal forest, especially to the north of the peninsula. Due to almost all of the Bruce Peninsula being in a
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Nearby is Bruce Peninsula National Park and Fathom Five National Marine Park. This port village has galleries, tourist shops and a historic lighthouse.
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to dense forests and several small lakes. Together these form a greater ecosystem - the largest remaining chunk of natural habitat in southern Ontario.
164:. Historical and archaeological evidence from the area concludes that at the time of first contact with Europeans, the peninsula was inhabited by the
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to Hamilton, north to Tobermory on the Bruce Peninsula. It is covered by the waters of Lake Huron, appearing as Manitoulin Island, then across the
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the extensive wooded areas along the Peninsula. The annual Huron Fringe Birding Festival in May observes the spring migration. The endangered
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contains some of the most pristine waters of the Great Lakes. The park contains rugged lake bed topography that is popular with scuba divers.
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and Bruce Peninsula in Ontario, Canada. The original territory included all of the Saugeen River watershed and all of the Bruce Peninsula.
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The Bruce Peninsula's shoreline has several lighthouses, necessary to provide guidance to the many ships that would pass by her shores.
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joining Georgian Bay to the rest of Lake Huron. The Bruce Peninsula contains part of the geological formation known as the
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Some of the rarest flowers and ferns in Ontario can be found growing on the Bruce Peninsula. For example: lakeside daisy (
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works to protect and restore the species, spaces and landscapes that represent the full diversity of nature in Ontario.
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347:, who had occupied this territory and made treaties with the Crown. However, along with the Saugeen First Nation, the
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The Bruce Peninsula has a cold climate, with freezing cold winters and mild summers, caused by maritime cooling from
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is located in the centre of the Bruce Peninsula on Georgian Bay. The village has a public marina and sandy beach.
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also claims to be the 'political successor apparent' to the Chippewa of Saugeen Ojibway Territory. Under the
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can be seen in the vicinity of Cabot Head in the open areas west of Dyers Bay, and near Tobermory, in April.
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The Bruce Peninsula is a key area for both plant and animal wildlife. Part of the Niagara Escarpment World
1530:"Turtle Island Native Network • View topic - Nawash/Saugeen First Nations Launch Aboriginal Title Lawsuit"
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Until the mid-19th century, the area known as the Bruce Peninsula was territory controlled by the Saugeen
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The peninsula is a popular tourist destination for camping, hiking and fishing, with two national parks (
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is located at the northern end of the Bruce Peninsula. It has a landing for the passenger-car ferry
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cottager. Today, seasonal residents outnumber permanent residents, especially in the summer.
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from the lake's main basin. The peninsula extends roughly northwestwards from the rest of
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This article is about a geographical formation. For the Canadian indie rock band, see
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262:(a rock similar to limestone which contains magnesium and is more durable).
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periods (405 to 500 million years old) to be found anywhere in the world.
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There are many varieties of wildlife on the Bruce Peninsula, such as the
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1549:"First Nations claim Lake Huron, Georgian Bay as landmark trial starts"
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Overlook towards the Niagara Escarpment at Dyer's Bay, Bruce Peninsula
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Map of Southern Ontario showing Bruce Peninsula (in red) dividing
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Natural history of the Bruce Peninsula and the Niagara Escarpment
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runs through the region to its northern terminus in the town of
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1380:"Name change in the works for Bruce Peninsula National Park"
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A selection of interesting orchids on the Bruce Peninsula:
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The Niagara Escarpment in the Bruce Peninsula National Park
363:, with reserves later established on the Bruce Peninsula.
1683:. Ontarioparks.com (2002-11-07). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
1671:. Ontarioparks.com (2002-11-07). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
1659:. Ontarioparks.com (2013-01-16). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
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The Bruce Peninsula is composed of the Municipalities of
1639:
http://www.pc.gc.ca/amnc-nmca/on/fathomfive/index_E.asp
1350:, near the south end of the peninsula, is the home of
1780:
1423:"Bruce County Historical Society - Yearbook Articles"
1324:The main villages in these regions are as follows:
704:There are 2 National Parks, 8 Ontario Parks, and 4
292:Smokey head White Bluffs near Lion's Head, Ontario
1738:. Thebrucepeninsula.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
1628:. Pc.gc.ca (2011-11-23). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
1609:. Pc.gc.ca (2011-11-23). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
980:Pink ladies slipper orchid in the Bruce Peninsula
1824:
1438:"Niagara Escarpment | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
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1619:Parks Canada - Fathom Five National Marine Park
214:the best exposures of rocks and fossils of the
1719:Thebrucepeninsula.com, Retrieved on 2013-07-12
1404:http://www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/on/bruce/index_e.asp
932:, fisher, long-eared bats, red squirrel, fox,
1749:http://www.thebrucepeninsula.com/saublebeach/
1393:
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1600:Parks Canada - Bruce Peninsula National Park
1042:eastern prairie fringed orchid —
1776:Official website of Bruce Peninsula Tourism
1637:Fathom Five National Marine Park of Canada
1360:is more than seven miles (11 km) long.
1575:"Bruce Peninsula National Park: Parks map"
1301:
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1492:"Ontario's Niagara Escarpment - Fossils"
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886:Cove Island Light in the Bruce Peninsula
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349:Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation
158:Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation
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27:
1058:European common twayblade —
1050:ram's-head lady's-slipper —
706:Federation of Ontario Naturalists Parks
316:Overhanging Point along the Bruce Trail
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345:Chippewas of Saugeen Ojibway Territory
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1093:Municipalities of the Bruce Peninsula
1034:nodding ladies' tresses —
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209:In its southern Ontario portion, the
16:Peninsula in Southern Ontario, Canada
1781:The Bruce Peninsula Bird Observatory
708:located within the Bruce Peninsula.
1490:Inc., Palomino System Innovations.
1018:yellow lady's slipper —
196:was accidentally introduced to the
13:
1669:Johnston Harbour - Pine Tree Point
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905:Knife & Lyal Island Lighthouse
854:, the peninsula experiences heavy
156:Nations. The nations included the
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1747:Sauble beach Chamber of Commerce
1026:pink lady's slipper —
788:Federation of Ontario Naturalists
81:, with which it forms the widest
1547:Perkel, Colin (April 25, 2019).
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1436:Lowes, Raymond N. (2006-02-07).
1234:Fathom Five National Marine Park
829:Fathom Five National Marine Park
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730:Fathom Five National Marine Park
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102:Fathom Five National Marine Park
1786:Things to do in Bruce Peninsula
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1213:Bruce Peninsula Multisport Race
1170:Coastal landmarks and locations
948:, black-throated blue warbler,
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1442:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
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1134:Settlements on Bruce Peninsula
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114:James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin
112:. This region is named after
1:
1462:""Geology of the Escarpment""
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1229:Bruce Peninsula National Park
811:Bruce Peninsula National Park
714:Bruce Peninsula National Park
148:History from the 19th century
98:Bruce Peninsula National Park
1771:Guide to the Bruce Peninsula
1244:Sauble Falls Provincial Park
997:), and northern holly fern (
230:. Known geologically as the
188:sawmill on the peninsula in
7:
1239:Lion's Head Provincial Park
915:
890:Other lighthouses include:
329:Saugeen First Nation is an
244:Upper Peninsula of Michigan
10:
1869:
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246:and down the west side of
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118:Governor General of Canada
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1843:Landforms of Bruce County
1066:helleborine —
1697:August 12, 2007, at the
1657:Welcome to Ontario Parks
1315:Northern Bruce Peninsula
1101:Northern Bruce Peninsula
1088:Bruce Peninsula, Ontario
1083:Articles about places in
922:northern flying squirrel
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1021:Cypripedium parviflorum
972:Wildflowers and orchids
719:World Biosphere Reserve
355:, the portion south of
353:Saugeen Tract Agreement
65:, Canada, that divides
1045:Platanthera leucophaea
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934:massasauga rattlesnake
908:Cape Croker Lighthouse
895:Lion's Head Lighthouse
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133:massasauga rattlesnake
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21:Bruce Peninsula (band)
1833:Peninsulas of Ontario
1809:44.94536°N 81.27686°W
1319:South Bruce Peninsula
1111:South Bruce Peninsula
1069:Epipactis helleborine
1053:Cypripedium arietinum
1000:Polystichum lonchitis
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911:Cabot Head Lighthouse
885:
181:Sir Francis Bond Head
179:signed a treaty with
172:or Place of Healing.
91:Bruce County, Ontario
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31:
1853:Southwestern Ontario
1555:. The Canadian Press
991:), dwarf lake iris (
987:Tetraneuris herbacea
809:The "Grotto" at the
735:freshwater ecosystem
717:- In the heart of a
699:Map of Bruce County.
175:In 1836 the Saugeen
162:Saugeen First Nation
75:Southwestern Ontario
1814:44.94536; -81.27686
1805: /
952:and yellow-spotted
938:red-shouldered hawk
839:Climate and habitat
236:Rochester, New York
77:, pointing towards
1848:Niagara Escarpment
1754:2013-09-06 at the
1734:2013-03-23 at the
1715:2006-02-12 at the
1644:2004-04-15 at the
1624:2004-04-15 at the
1605:2006-02-21 at the
1514:has generic name (
1496:www.escarpment.org
1409:2006-02-21 at the
1029:Cypripedium acaule
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902:Big Tub Lighthouse
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336:located along the
325:Indigenous history
250:into the State of
211:Niagara Escarpment
87:Niagara Escarpment
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1203:Lion's Head Light
1198:Cove Island Light
1037:Spiranthes cernua
876:Cove Island Light
760:Johnstons Harbour
125:Biosphere Reserve
79:Manitoulin Island
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1581:. 26 March 2018
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743:Ontario Parks
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643:National Park
636:
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414:
388:
381:
368:
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359:was ceded to
358:
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1614:
1595:
1583:. Retrieved
1579:Parks Canada
1578:
1569:
1559:November 24,
1557:. Retrieved
1553:Toronto Star
1552:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1495:
1485:
1474:. Retrieved
1470:the original
1465:
1456:
1445:. Retrieved
1441:
1431:
1417:
1384:. Retrieved
1373:
1358:Sauble Beach
1332:
1323:
1312:
1275:Georgian Bay
1265:Rankin River
1260:Sauble River
1177:
1152:Sauble Beach
1115:Bruce County
1105:Bruce County
1067:
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869:
849:
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787:
786:
778:Lion's Head
763:Little Cove
750:Black Creek
741:
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365:
342:
334:First Nation
328:
264:
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240:Lake Ontario
224:
208:
186:
174:
169:
166:Odawa people
151:
122:
95:
67:Georgian Bay
54:
52:
1812: /
1729:Lion's Head
1512:|last=
1342:Lion's Head
1208:Bruce Trail
1142:Lion's Head
1125:Grey County
1076:Communities
989:var. glabra
866:Lighthouses
773:Smoky Head
768:Cabot Head
746:- include:
629:Marine Park
627:Fathom Five
238:, south of
198:Great Lakes
194:lamprey eel
106:Bruce Trail
1838:Lake Huron
1827:Categories
1800:81°16′37″W
1797:44°56′43″N
1476:2008-07-21
1447:2022-01-26
1386:2024-05-17
1365:References
1270:Lake Huron
1193:Cabot Head
1162:Owen Sound
954:salamander
942:barred owl
926:black bear
860:Lake Huron
845:Lake Huron
662:Stokes Bay
610:Dyer's Bay
357:Owen Sound
220:Ordovician
137:barred owl
129:black bear
71:Lake Huron
34:Lake Huron
1710:Tobermory
1329:Tobermory
1147:Tobermory
755:Ira Lake
407:Tobermory
361:the Crown
252:Wisconsin
190:Tobermory
110:Tobermory
59:peninsula
1752:Archived
1732:Archived
1713:Archived
1695:Archived
1642:Archived
1622:Archived
1603:Archived
1585:June 21,
1504:cite web
1407:Archived
930:chipmunk
916:Wildlife
852:Snowbelt
622:Pike Bay
260:dolomite
228:Michigan
216:Silurian
1348:Wiarton
1157:Wiarton
1007:Orchids
177:Ojibway
154:Ojibway
143:History
63:Ontario
723:alvars
589:Lion's
402:6miles
331:Ojibwa
135:, and
83:strait
858:from
371:Parks
57:is a
1587:2018
1561:2022
1516:help
1317:and
874:The
591:Head
400:10km
218:and
160:and
100:and
53:The
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1103:, (
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61:in
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