639:
566:
364:
553:, which was won by an independent candidate, the PRB secured 54 of the 55 seats in the District Assembly, demonstrating strong backing for Brunei's decision to refuse membership in Malaysia. The lone non-PRB councillor joined the PRB a week after the election, and 16 of the 55 District Councillors went on to become LegCo members, numbering 33. The PRB leaders were reaffirmed in their goal of creating a North Borneo nation-state as a substitute for
1587:
216:
630:, the PRB delegation was received by the SLL delegates. The representatives of the PRB asserted that since the British colonial authority had refused them any lawful avenues for protest and had already sent their forces to Brunei, they were left with no choice but to employ force. The PRB resorted to violent conflict in response to the British colonial government's disregard for its mission, which resulted in the
376:
756:
of its internal political structure might not find the "assurance" offered by that physically vast neighbor entirely comforting. What appears to be significant is that Zaini retained some of his natural optimism about the chances of bringing about a more democratic transition in Brunei during the years of struggle-in-exile, when he served as Sheikh
Azahari's effective replacement as head of Indonesia.
744:. Subsequently, on 7 May 1974, the PRB was formally reactivated with the naming of an executive committee with Azahari as president. It primarily aimed at the intention of pressuring "friendly" states and international organizations to put pressure on Brunei to implement political changes in order to introduce representative government. For instance,
663:
Emergency
Council took its place. The LegCo was placed under suspension in 2004 but was later reopened following additional constitutional modifications that increased the Sultan's authority. Brunei attained independence in 1984. However, since then, the state of emergency has been repeatedly extended, and Brunei commemorated its 50th year under
496:
The party's defeat has been impacted by this meaningless agreement not just in terms of political morality but also financially because it paid for the delegation's trip to London. It is said that
Azahari resigned as party leader when the PRB delegation in London failed, citing his refusal to present
726:
at the time, secretly encouraged the escape because of the Sultan's 1963 rejection to join the
Federation of Malaysia and Brunei's treatment of Malaysian public staff. This backing for the release of Zaini and others probably acted as a message to the Sultan to change his policies or else suffer the
422:
ideology of the party intended included political, economic, and social ones. PRB aimed to create a sovereign, democratic Malay nation free from
British influence that ensures the security and well-being of its citizens under a monarchy. The majority of its members were non-aristocratic Malay people
755:
Even though the leadership of
Malaysia had provided the PRB (including its second-in-command Zaini) with permanent refuge in Kuala Lumpur and even supported their anti-colonial stance at the UN, a microstate whose leaders' understanding of "security" is in fact fundamentally related to the survival
540:
As several PRB leaders quit to create other parties due to a lack of faith in their ability to govern, Brunei's political landscape grew increasingly complicated. As a result, the Brunei United Party (BUP) was founded in
December 1961 and the Brunei National Party (BNO) in August 1960. On 30 August
662:
put an end to the uprising. The leaders were detained or exiled from once the PRB was outlawed. Even though it doesn't appear that any PRB personnel trained with the
Sarawak youths in Indonesian territory, their political collaboration persisted. The LegCo was disbanded on 19 December 1962, and an
492:
on 5 September 1957. The
British demanded that all requests follow established protocols, forcing the PRB to first meet with the Sultan, Brunei's legal authority, thus the delegation returned empty-handed. After returning, the PRB delegates attempted to hide their own shortcomings by accusing the
479:
and
Boestamam to speak at its first congress on 30 March 1957, and its second congress on 30 March 1958, to motivate the people's fight for Brunei's independence. Nonetheless, Azahari criticised the government for attempting to bar these prominent Malayan politicians from attending, charging that
341:
in October 1953, but the government put an end to it, and Muhammad and his allies were arrested for trying to topple British control. The protest that followed and the denial of Brunei Film Production Company's (BRUFICO) registration served as a stark reminder of this discontent and signaled the
319:
The PRB seeks to establish a fully democratic government for Brunei while preserving the country's monarchy, it frequently displays a lack of agreement with the government, particularly when it comes to the creation of a new constitution. Azahari has suggested to the government that 75% of the
454:
The rise of the PRB presented a threat to the Sultan's plans for a nation-state establishment. Despite receiving license for registration, the PRB was prohibited from operating and conducting campaigns without government oversight since uncontrolled movements may jeopardise Brunei's peace and
434:
initially refused to approve its registration. The PRB broke up relations with the Malayan People's Party and updated its policy rules to better suit Brunei's requirements in order to comply with Bruneian legal standards. With the public's backing thanks to Azahari's convincing speeches and
505:
was signed and proclaimed following many rounds of negotiations between the Bruneian government and the British government in London and Brunei from 1957 to 1959. The Bruneian government was represented by the Sultan, while the British government was represented by
603:. The three most important posts in the new nation-state's government—Prime Minister, Minister of Defence, and Minister of Foreign Affairs—would fall to Azahari. Azahari appointed him Minister of Economics, Commerce, and Industry of the projected NKKU. He was in
694:
gave him shelter in 1963. After the failed uprising, he and his associates created an exile government with help from Malaysia and Indonesia. Relations between Brunei and Malaysia were tight since, until about 1975, Malaysia had backed his case at the
483:
The PRB quickly sent a delegation of its own to intercept the government group that was scheduled to go to London to draft a new Written Constitution for Brunei. Seeking approval for its political demands and recommendations, the PRB team met with the
634:
on 8 December 1962. The primary leaders of the PRB were either arrested or fled to neighbouring countries, especially Indonesia, and there hasn't been enough analysis done on the links between this rebellion and the armed fight in Sarawak.
308:(NKKU). However, in 1958 the British publicised their own ideas and rejected the Borneo union ambitions of the PRB, seeking instead for a gradual democratic transformation. The PRB's reactions to both the plan for a
533:
on 27 May 1961. Based on common lineage, culture, and sociopolitical structures, he proposed this union, reasoning that it would provide political, economic, and security advantages while reducing
759:
It is thought that PRB is still active in exile today, albeit it is probably inactive. On 12 September 2005, former political prisoner. and Secretary General of PRB, Yassin, co-founded the
727:
repercussions. Ten Bruneians, including Zaini, who had fled to Malaysia were granted political asylum by the Malaysian government as soon as they arrived, according to a report released by
480:
they were planning to keep Brunei under British colonial rule. The PRB was a strong force in Brunei's political landscape, but the government was unwavering in its refusal to compromise.
1646:
593:'s house in Brunei Town. They planned to persuade the Sultan, if they were successful in detaining him, to proclaim the creation of an independent NKKU and designate him as the
1651:
710:
From an operation headed by Sheikh Saleh Sheikh Mahmud, the nephew and brother of Azahari, Zaini and six other senior PRB detainees from the Berakas Detention Camp, including
622:
Half a year before the rebellion, in April or May 1962, the PRB asked the Sarawak Liberation League (SLL) to send a delegation in secret to discuss the political situation in
324:(LegCo) members should be elected independently rather than chosen by the Sultan in order to demand that the people of Brunei have complete democracy in their governance.
511:
581:(TNKU), an armed wing of the PRB that won the election, was founded earlier. In order to create the NKKU and establish Brunei's independence, the TNKU began the
1441:
1575:
570:
406:. On 15 August, the party finally registered and received legal status, provided that it limited its operations to Brunei. In addition to fighting for
537:
influence in the area. Furthermore, he asserted that the states that joined Malaysia would become fully independent of British sovereignty faster.
497:
the PRB's financial information that was utilised. But he eventually withdrew this resignation, citing the continued necessity for his leadership.
1553:
521:
After the 1959 constitution was enacted, Brunei's politics seemed stable, but the idea brought in fresh waves of disruption in the early 1960s.
1724:
749:
1300:
1350:
493:
British of not meeting their requests. As a result, several Bruneians lost faith in the trustworthiness of the PRB and its officials.
1568:
515:
542:
1279:
1729:
723:
1176:
1543:
1508:
1409:
1289:
1227:
1186:
1158:
1714:
1613:
1561:
760:
485:
231:
1399:
1661:
1420:
459:, even after the government warned the people about the party's impact. This broad support demonstrated that Azahari's
1719:
1476:
1656:
1519:
502:
1464:
Continuity and Change in Brunei Darussalam - 'So near yet so far'; Shaikh Azahari and the Brunei Rebellion of 1962
443:. Encouraged by this backing, Azahari vehemently denounced the Sultan's incremental changes, calling for complete
402:(PRB), the country's first officially recognised political party, on 21 or 22 January 1956, as an offshoot of the
1583:
1265:
501:
brought himself to pursue his education in the UK while working as his secretary. On 29 September 1959, the new
643:
578:
411:
347:
139:
321:
647:
436:
287:
157:
1373:
1210:
435:
arguments, the PRB was able to enlist 16,000 members in 1957, representing a variety of races in Brunei,
1498:
1533:
346:. As a result of these developments, Azahari was able to establish the PRB, which was inspired by the
1468:
403:
202:
170:
1487:
1256:
933:
931:
638:
1308:
659:
590:
1325:
1390:
Brunei Darussalam 1944-1962: Constitutional and Political Development in a Malay-Muslim Sultanate
1356:
1219:
1198:
Brunei Darussalam 1944-1962: Constitutional and Political Development in a Malay-Muslim Sultanate
928:
892:
440:
415:
299:
291:
880:
801:
748:
was tasked with lobbying the Indonesian government and reestablishing the party's ties with the
699:(UN). However, his objectives were lessened as regional diplomatic connections strengthened and
791:
789:
787:
688:
565:
530:
448:
313:
309:
1375:
On The Approval Of The Formation Of The Parti Pembangunan Bangsa (National Development Party)
1336:(1–2). München: Internationales Asien Forum, International Quarterly for Asian Studies: 112.
958:
916:
904:
718:
in Sarawak on 12 July 1973, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III's birthday. According to reports,
585:
on 8 December 1962. Their primary objective was to seize control of the Police Headquarters,
557:, which was in fact supported by the people, after BNO and BUP suffered a resounding defeat.
295:
162:
856:
784:
1201:
664:
507:
476:
456:
431:
343:
8:
546:
236:
1591:
1244:
655:
608:
550:
522:
338:
275:
226:
182:
177:
455:
prosperity. The PRB attracted a varied membership by promising a better political and
1539:
1504:
1472:
1405:
1285:
1223:
1182:
1154:
1148:
586:
166:
1337:
623:
554:
419:
1388:
729:
612:
427:
267:
868:
518:, this constitution limited British authority to defence and foreign relations.
1641:
719:
711:
696:
464:
283:
108:
1146:
964:
937:
922:
910:
898:
886:
862:
807:
795:
1708:
1341:
745:
631:
616:
594:
582:
393:
53:
1529:
1150:
Sejarah & Persejarahan Brunei - DINAMIKA PEMBENTUKAN & TRANSFORMASI
834:
832:
830:
828:
741:
407:
389:
279:
65:
48:
1018:
772:
704:
498:
460:
192:
128:
1535:
Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
825:
545:
amid negotiations over the formation of Malaysia. With the exception of
1267:
The North Kalimantan Communist Party And The People's Republic Of China
1059:
1057:
363:
1462:
684:
534:
526:
444:
1069:
1054:
1496:
1461:
B. A. Hussainmiya (2020). Stephen C. Druce; Victor T. King (eds.).
874:
1326:"The Last Brunei Revolt? A Case Study of Microstate (In-)Security"
1178:
The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, 1945-1965
982:
215:
1153:. Pusat Sejarah Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan.
715:
691:
676:
337:
Muhammad bin Haji Manggol spearheaded an underground campaign in
1503:. Brunei History Centre, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports.
510:. By abolishing the 1906 Agreement and creating the position of
1586:
1379:
1042:
737:
604:
489:
467:, demonstrating the PRB's substantial influence over the area.
286:. The party called for a constitution that would unite Brunei,
271:
1030:
375:
700:
680:
1208:
1024:
838:
740:
committee for the Independence of Brunei was established in
1442:"An interview with Dr. Hj. Zaini Ahmad, Kuala Lumpur, 1985"
844:
627:
1195:
1129:
813:
778:
1439:
1418:
1075:
1063:
970:
1147:
Prof. Madya Dr. Haji Awang Asbol Bin Haji Mail (2012).
423:
who were against both monarchy and colonial authority.
1093:
948:
946:
1521:
Brunei kearah kemerdekaan 1984 /Haji Zaini Haji Ahmad
451:
as inadequate for establishing a democratic society.
1081:
994:
470:
316:
led to a mutiny in the first part of December 1962.
1386:
1006:
988:
965:
Prof. Madya Dr. Haji Awang Asbol Bin Haji Mail 2012
943:
938:
Prof. Madya Dr. Haji Awang Asbol Bin Haji Mail 2012
923:
Prof. Madya Dr. Haji Awang Asbol Bin Haji Mail 2012
911:
Prof. Madya Dr. Haji Awang Asbol Bin Haji Mail 2012
899:
Prof. Madya Dr. Haji Awang Asbol Bin Haji Mail 2012
887:
Prof. Madya Dr. Haji Awang Asbol Bin Haji Mail 2012
863:
Prof. Madya Dr. Haji Awang Asbol Bin Haji Mail 2012
808:
Prof. Madya Dr. Haji Awang Asbol Bin Haji Mail 2012
796:
Prof. Madya Dr. Haji Awang Asbol Bin Haji Mail 2012
278:party in 1956 and aimed to bring Brunei into full
1460:
1105:
1048:
1706:
1485:
1036:
1446:www.thefreelibrary.com Borneo Research Bulletin
1117:
350:and aimed to steer Brunei toward independence.
1603:
332:
1631:
1569:
1517:
1371:
1135:
819:
1528:
1497:Muhammad Hadi bin Muhammad Melayong (2010).
850:
1440:Borneo Research Bulletin (1 January 2008).
750:Afro-Asian Peoples' Solidarity Organization
670:
619:when the Brunei uprising started in 1962.
598:
503:Written Constitution of the State of Brunei
397:
303:
255:
1679:
1576:
1562:
1281:Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam
410:for the entire archipelago and preserving
214:
1419:Pusat Maklumat dan Arkib (27 July 2022).
1397:
1352:Joint Statement To Release Yassin Affandy
1174:
976:
675:Following the defeat, Azahari escaped to
875:Muhammad Hadi bin Muhammad Melayong 2010
637:
564:
1323:
1099:
1707:
1524:(in Malay). Haji Zaini bin Haji Ahmad.
1278:Sidhu, Jatswan S. (22 December 2009).
658:, Singaporean British troops from the
654:Within days of the Sultan declaring a
525:, invited Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak, and
1725:Political parties established in 1956
1678:
1630:
1602:
1557:
1349:Ali, Syed Husin (22 September 2008).
1298:
1277:
1209:Human Rights Resource Centre (2016).
1111:
1087:
1000:
714:, managed to escape by sea to nearby
1263:
1012:
952:
626:. At Canada Hill, which is close to
1421:"Sepuluh tahanan Brunei dilindungi"
1378:. www.brudirect.com. Archived from
1372:Brunei Direct (28 September 2007).
1348:
1123:
486:Secretary of State for the Colonies
13:
1518:Ahmad (Haji.), Zaini Haji (1984).
1355:. www.malaysia.net. Archived from
1196:Awang Mohamad Yusop Damit (1995).
426:As the PRB was an offshoot of the
14:
1741:
1170:– via www.researchgate.net.
1025:Human Rights Resource Centre 2016
839:Human Rights Resource Centre 2016
471:Disagreements with the government
430:-led Malayan People's Party, the
300:Unitary State of North Kalimantan
274:. The party was established as a
1662:People's Awareness Party (PAKAR)
1657:National Solidarity Party (PPKB)
1647:National Democratic Party (BNDP)
1614:National Development Party (NDP)
1585:
703:was formed following the end of
611:during the Azahari visit to the
560:
414:'s position by establishing the
374:
362:
305:Negara Kesatuan Kalimantan Utara
16:Banned political party in Brunei
573:at Brunei Town in December 1962
543:first district council election
1212:The State of Brunei Darussalam
779:Awang Mohamad Yusop Damit 1995
579:North Kalimantan National Army
412:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III
348:Indonesian National Revolution
140:North Kalimantan National Army
1:
1730:1956 establishments in Brunei
1481:– via www.academia.edu.
1076:Borneo Research Bulletin 2008
1064:Pusat Maklumat dan Arkib 2022
766:
322:Legislative Council of Brunei
1652:National United Party (BNUP)
1500:The Catalyst Towards Victory
1393:. University of London 1995.
1387:Mohamad Yusop Damit (1995).
7:
1715:Political parties in Brunei
1690:Brunei People's Party (PRB)
1592:Political parties in Brunei
724:Minister of Foreign Affairs
644:Queen's Royal Irish Hussars
541:1962, Brunei conducted its
333:Formation and early success
10:
1746:
1604:Existing Political Parties
1469:Taylor & Francis Group
1448:. Borneo Research Bulletin
1330:Internationales Asienforum
1273:– via www.ide.go.jp.
761:National Development Party
569:British soldiers from the
327:
1685:
1674:
1637:
1632:Defunct Political Parties
1626:
1609:
1598:
1486:Asiaweek Limited (1990).
1404:. The Stationery Office.
1398:Stockwell, A. J. (2004).
512:British High Commissioner
222:
213:
208:
198:
188:
176:
171:Anti-colonial nationalism
156:
145:
135:
124:
114:
102:
94:
86:
75:21 January 1956
71:
59:
47:
39:
23:
1720:Banned socialist parties
1342:10.11588/iaf.2011.42.103
1301:"Brunei Country Profile"
1175:Poulgrain, Greg (1998).
989:Mohamad Yusop Damit 1995
671:Exile and current status
660:British Far East Command
447:and denouncing the 1959
1324:Kershaw, Roger (2011).
1220:University of Indonesia
679:, where he remained in
571:Queen's Own Highlanders
416:North Borneo Federation
178:Political position
1680:Banned Political Party
1305:www.link2exports.co.uk
1049:B. A. Hussainmiya 2020
651:
599:
574:
531:Federation of Malaysia
449:Constitution of Brunei
404:Malayan People's Party
398:
314:Constitution of Brunei
310:Federation of Malaysia
304:
256:
203:Malayan People's Party
106:Angkatan Pemuda Brunei
1037:Asiaweek Limited 1990
736:In December 1973, an
722:, who was Malaysia's
641:
568:
463:plan included all of
296:democratic government
248:Brunei People's Party
163:Left-wing nationalism
120:Brunei National Party
26:Brunei People's Party
1359:on 22 September 2008
1311:on 30 September 2006
1264:Hara, Fujio (2005).
1202:University of London
665:emergency government
648:Secretariat Building
529:to join the planned
508:Robert Heatlie Scott
477:Burhanuddin al-Helmy
457:socioeconomic system
432:government of Brunei
344:nationalist movement
199:Regional affiliation
1642:Youth Front (BARIP)
1284:. Scarecrow Press.
399:Parti Rakyat Brunei
258:Parti Rakyat Brunei
118:Brunei United Party
30:Parti Rakyat Brunei
1299:Mcmillion, Scott.
1181:. Crawford House.
1136:Brunei Direct 2007
940:, p. 137–138.
901:, p. 135–136.
889:, p. 133–134.
820:Ahmad (Haji.) 1984
810:, p. 132–133.
656:state of emergency
652:
609:Malaysia Agreement
607:in support of the
575:
551:Temburong District
523:Tunku Abdul Rahman
342:start of Brunei's
339:Temburong District
227:Politics of Brunei
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1670:
1669:
1622:
1621:
1545:978-1-57607-770-2
1510:978-99917-34-71-2
1425:www.utusan.com.my
1411:978-0-11-290581-3
1291:978-0-8108-7078-9
1229:978-602-17986-3-8
1188:978-1-85065-513-8
1160:978-99917-34-94-1
851:Keat Gin Ooi 2004
587:Istana Darul Hana
388:With the help of
254:), also known as
245:
244:
232:Political parties
167:Malay nationalism
115:Succeeded by
1737:
1676:
1675:
1628:
1627:
1600:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1525:
1514:
1493:
1482:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1415:
1394:
1383:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1345:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1307:. Archived from
1295:
1274:
1272:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1217:
1205:
1192:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
950:
941:
935:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
782:
781:, p. 13–14.
776:
624:North Kalimantan
602:
555:Greater Malaysia
516:British Resident
420:anti-colonialism
401:
396:established the
378:
366:
307:
261:
218:
149:
103:Preceded by
82:
80:
21:
20:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1694:
1681:
1666:
1633:
1618:
1605:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1552:
1546:
1511:
1479:
1451:
1449:
1430:
1428:
1412:
1382:on 29 May 2016.
1362:
1360:
1314:
1312:
1292:
1270:
1252:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1215:
1189:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
987:
983:
975:
971:
963:
959:
951:
944:
936:
929:
921:
917:
909:
905:
897:
893:
885:
881:
873:
869:
861:
857:
853:, p. 1028.
849:
845:
837:
826:
818:
814:
806:
802:
794:
785:
777:
773:
769:
730:Utusan Malaysia
673:
650:in January 1963
646:soldier at the
613:UN Headquarters
563:
473:
428:Ahmad Boestamam
386:
385:
384:
383:
382:
379:
371:
370:
367:
358:
357:
356:Founders of PRB
335:
330:
268:political party
266:), is a banned
241:
169:
165:
147:
119:
107:
98:9 December 1962
78:
76:
64:
35:
34:
33:ڤرتي رعيت بروني
32:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1743:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
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1253:|website=
1228:
1206:
1193:
1187:
1172:
1159:
1143:
1141:
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1128:
1116:
1104:
1102:, p. 112.
1092:
1090:, p. 178.
1080:
1068:
1053:
1041:
1029:
1017:
1015:, p. 497.
1005:
1003:, p. 249.
993:
991:, p. 412.
981:
979:, p. 681.
977:Stockwell 2004
969:
967:, p. 139.
957:
955:, p. 496.
942:
927:
925:, p. 137.
915:
913:, p. 136.
903:
891:
879:
867:
865:, p. 133.
855:
843:
824:
812:
800:
798:, p. 135.
783:
770:
768:
765:
720:Ghazali Shafie
712:Yassin Affandi
697:United Nations
672:
669:
562:
559:
475:The PRB asked
472:
469:
465:British Borneo
380:
373:
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368:
361:
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294:under a fully
284:United Kingdom
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109:Barisan Pemuda
104:
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90:15 August 1956
88:
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37:
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28:
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15:
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2:
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1478:9780367615635
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1125:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1051:, p. 36.
1050:
1045:
1039:, p. 39.
1038:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1002:
997:
990:
985:
978:
973:
966:
961:
954:
949:
947:
939:
934:
932:
924:
919:
912:
907:
900:
895:
888:
883:
877:, p. 54.
876:
871:
864:
859:
852:
847:
840:
835:
833:
831:
829:
821:
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809:
804:
797:
792:
790:
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771:
764:
762:
757:
753:
751:
747:
746:Mahmud Saedon
743:
739:
734:
732:
731:
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721:
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713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
693:
690:
686:
682:
678:
668:
666:
661:
657:
649:
645:
640:
636:
633:
632:Brunei revolt
629:
625:
620:
618:
617:New York City
614:
610:
606:
601:
596:
595:head of state
592:
591:Menteri Besar
588:
584:
583:Brunei revolt
580:
572:
567:
561:Brunei revolt
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
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438:
433:
429:
424:
421:
417:
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409:
405:
400:
395:
394:A. M. Azahari
391:
377:
369:A. M. Azahari
365:
351:
349:
345:
340:
325:
323:
317:
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311:
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101:
97:
93:
89:
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74:
70:
67:
63:A. M. Azahari
62:
58:
55:
54:A. M. Azahari
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
31:
22:
19:
1689:
1538:. ABC-CLIO.
1534:
1530:Keat Gin Ooi
1520:
1499:
1488:
1463:
1450:. Retrieved
1445:
1429:. Retrieved
1424:
1400:
1389:
1380:the original
1374:
1361:. Retrieved
1357:the original
1351:
1333:
1329:
1313:. Retrieved
1309:the original
1304:
1280:
1266:
1233:. Retrieved
1211:
1197:
1177:
1164:. Retrieved
1149:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1100:Kershaw 2011
1095:
1083:
1071:
1044:
1032:
1027:, p. 5.
1020:
1008:
996:
984:
972:
960:
918:
906:
894:
882:
870:
858:
846:
841:, p. 1.
822:, p. 9.
815:
803:
774:
758:
754:
742:Kuala Lumpur
735:
728:
709:
674:
653:
621:
600:Seri Mahkota
576:
539:
520:
514:in place of
495:
482:
474:
453:
437:North Borneo
425:
408:independence
390:Salleh Masri
387:
381:Salleh Masri
336:
318:
288:North Borneo
280:independence
263:
257:
251:
247:
246:
125:Headquarters
66:Salleh Masri
40:Abbreviation
29:
18:
733:on the 27.
705:Konfrontasi
499:Zaini Ahmad
461:nationalist
193:Sunni Islam
146:Membership
129:Brunei Town
1709:Categories
1431:3 November
1427:(in Malay)
1088:Sidhu 2009
1001:Sidhu 2009
767:References
589:, and the
209:Party flag
87:Registered
79:1956-01-21
1255:ignored (
1245:cite book
1112:Mcmillion
1013:Hara 2005
953:Hara 2005
752:(AAPSO).
689:President
685:West Java
667:in 2012.
535:Communist
527:Singapore
445:democracy
282:from the
276:left-wing
237:Elections
183:Left-wing
1532:(2004).
1489:Asiaweek
1401:Malaysia
1124:Ali 2008
312:and the
189:Religion
158:Ideology
136:Military
131:, Brunei
43:BRP, PRB
1452:16 June
763:(NDP).
716:Limbang
692:Sukarno
687:, when
677:Jakarta
549:in the
441:Sarawak
328:History
292:Sarawak
77: (
72:Founded
60:Founder
1542:
1507:
1475:
1408:
1363:3 July
1315:3 July
1288:
1235:3 July
1226:
1185:
1166:3 July
1157:
738:ad hoc
605:Manila
490:London
439:, and
418:, the
298:, the
290:, and
272:Brunei
152:16,000
148:(1957)
95:Banned
49:Leader
1271:(PDF)
1216:(PDF)
701:ASEAN
681:Bogor
597:, or
1540:ISBN
1505:ISBN
1473:ISBN
1454:2024
1433:2023
1406:ISBN
1365:2024
1317:2024
1286:ISBN
1257:help
1237:2024
1224:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1168:2024
1155:ISBN
628:Miri
577:The
547:Labu
1338:doi
615:in
488:in
302:or
270:in
264:PRB
252:BPR
1711::
1471:.
1467:.
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1126:.
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262:(
250:(
81:)
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