2297:
road would be reduced from four lanes to two, be returned to two way traffic (rather than all west-bound), and the architects proposed a tram line to run down the centre. A series of high rise buildings would be built on either side with three taller "flagship" high rises at the east end on the north side. Charles Picqué described the towers as "iconic buildings that would be among the highest in
Brussels" and that "building higher allows you to turn closed blocks into open spaces." The tallest buildings would be up to 80 metres (260 ft) high, though most between 16 and 55, but the higher the building the further back it would be set from the road. The freed up space (some 180,000 m (1,900,000 sq ft)) would be given over to housing, shops, services and open spaces to give the area a more "human" feel. A sixth European School may also be built. On the western edge of the quarter, on the Small Ring, there would be "gates to Europe" to add visual impact.
700:
1988:), has two main buildings: the Paul-Henri Spaak building and the Altiero Spinelli building, which cover 372,000 m (4,004,175 sq ft). The complex is not the official seat of the Parliament with its work being split with Strasbourg (its official seat) and Luxembourg (its secretariat). However, the decision-making bodies of the Parliament, along with its committees and some of its plenary sessions, are held in Brussels to the extent that three-quarters of its activity take place in the city. The Parliament buildings were extended with the new D4 and D5 buildings being completed and occupied in 2007 and 2008. It is believed the complex now provides enough space for the Parliament with no major new building projects foreseen.
1855:
1995:
2023:
2011:
1871:
1953:
1933:
540:
147:
19:
40:
5016:
966:
1161:
2314:
1779:
1612:
1595:
1217:
2214:
684:. As a capital of a small country, it also could not claim to use the presence of institutions to exert pressure on other member states, it being more of a neutral territory between the major European powers. The committee's report was approved of by the Council, Parliament and Commissions, however, the Council was still unable to achieve a final vote on the issue, and hence put off the issue for a further three years, despite all the institutions now leading in moving to Brussels.
2538:
4554:
1264:
921:
2506:
5944:
5420:
4939:
4891:
1715:
1699:
1692:
1680:
6158:
5494:
5371:
2442:
788:
2157:). Half of civil servants are home owners. The "international community" in Brussels numbers at least 70,000 people. The institutions draw in, directly employed and employed by representatives, 50,000 people to work in the city. A further 20,000 people are working in Brussels due to the presence of the institutions (generating €2 billion a year) and 2000 foreign companies drawn into the city employ 80,000
1708:
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1404:
2250:
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720:
keeping the Court and
Parliamentary Assembly, together with a few of the Commission's departments. This was largely welcomed by the member states, but opposed by France, not wishing to see the Parliament leave Strasbourg, and by the Parliament itself, which wished to be with the executives and was further annoyed by the fact that it was not consulted on the matter of its own location.
1311:
1299:
1282:
779:) for some of its part-sessions. This was done unofficially due to the sensitive nature of the Parliament's seat, with the building being constructed as an "international conference centre". When France unsuccessfully challenged the Parliament's half-move to Brussels in the Court of Justice, the Parliament's victory led it to build full facilities in the city.
1250:
buildings of the institutions would not have been built. However, due to
Brussels's attempts to consolidate its position, there was large government investment in infrastructure in the quarter. Authorities are keen to stress that the previous chaotic development has ended, being replaced by planned architectural competitions and a master plan (see "
946:). There is also a greater number of press corps in the city with media outlets in every EU member state having a Brussels correspondent and there are 10,000 lobbyists registered. The presence of the EU and the other international bodies has, for example, led to there being more ambassadors and journalists in Brussels than in
1216:
511:. The members agreed in principle to locate the executives, Councils, and the assembly in one city, though could still not decide which city, so they put the decision off for six months. In the meantime, the Assembly would stay in Strasbourg and the new Commissions would meet alternatively at the ECSC seat and at the
4337:
2607:
unionism, while also combining the wishes of the
Brussels population to have a degree of independence, as well as those of the Flemish and Walloon populations to having a level of influence over Brussels. The system has been criticised by some but it has also been compared to the EU, as a "laboratory of Europe".
1160:
2626:
were legally converted from monolingual Dutch-speaking into bilingual municipalities, joined with the
Brussels agglomeration. The suggestive nature of the questions led to massive protests in Flanders (especially around Brussels), causing it to be unlikely to ever hold a language-related census again
2606:
Brussels does not belong to any community, but has a bilingual status, so
Brussels' inhabitants may enjoy education, cultural affairs and education organised by the Flemish and/or the French community. This structure is the result of many compromises in the political spectrum going from separatism to
2352:
A pedestrian and visual link would be created between the
Berlaymont and Leopold Park by demolishing sections of the ground to fourth floors of the Justus Lipsius, the south "bland" facade of which would be redesigned. Further pedestrian and cycle links would be created around the quarter. Pedestrian
1925:
and the
Charlemagne building during the course of its history. The renovation and construction of the new Council building was intended to change the image of the European Quarter, and was designed by the architect Philippe Samyn to be a "feminine" and "jazzy" building to contrast with the hard, more
671:
centre or poor quality of housing; good communications with other member states' capitals, including to major commercial and maritime markets; vast internal transport links; an important international business centre; plentiful housing for
European civil servants; and an open economy. Furthermore, it
2296:
in the west. Siim Kallas stated that the project, which would be put into action over a few a long period rather than all at once, would create a "symbolic area for the EU institutions" giving "body and soul to the
European political project" and providing the Commission with extra office space. The
719:
was seen as an appropriate moment to finally resolve the issue; the separate Commissions and Councils were to be merged. Luxembourg, concerned about losing the High Authority, proposed a split between Brussels and Luxembourg. The Commission and Council were to be located in Brussels, with Luxembourg
3535:
The gradual metamorphosis from residential area to office district started in earnest after the 1958 World Fair with the arrival of the first European civil servants. However, the progressive exodus of the population to the leafy communes and their replacement by commercial company headquarters had
1839:
Originally built with flock asbestos, the building was renovated in the 1990s to remove it and renovate the ageing building to cope with enlargement. After a period of exile in the Breydel building on the Avenue d'Auderghem, the Commission reoccupied the Berlaymont from 2005 and bought the building
1258:
surrounded by poorer districts since the mid-19th century, and that the contrast today is comparable to an Indian city. However, he also said that the city has made progress over the last decade in mixing land uses, bringing in more businesses and residences, and that the institutions are more open
727:
was maintained with some adjustments; the Commission, with most of its departments, would be in Brussels; as would the Council, except for April, June and October, when it would meet in Luxembourg. In addition, Luxembourg would keep the Court of Justice, some of the Commission's departments and the
552:
governments concluded an unofficial agreement on the setting-up of community offices. On the principle that it would take two years after a final agreement to prepare the appropriate office space, full services were set up in Brussels in expectation of a report from the Committee of Experts looking
957:. In addition to the 955 journalists accredited to the EU, there are 358 technicians (e.g. cameramen, photographers, producers, etc.) bringing the total number of accreditation badges to 1313. Belgium supplies by far the largest share of technicians with 376, with Germany on 143 and France on 105.
878:
The Commission employs 25,000 people and the Parliament employs about 6,000 people. Because of this concentration, Brussels is a preferred location for any move towards a single seat for Parliament. Despite it not formally being the "capital" of the EU, some commentators see the fact that Brussels
2144:
responsible for the city's external relations, goes as far to say the prosperity of Brussels "is a consequence of the European presence". As well as the institutions themselves, large companies are drawn to the city due to the EU's presence. In total, about 10% of the city has a connection to the
1249:
Historical and residential buildings, although still present, have been largely replaced by modern offices. These buildings were built not according to a high quality master plan or government initiative, but according to speculative private sector construction of office space, without which most
2627:
in Belgium. The result is that the Brussels Region is now a lot smaller than the French-speaking influence around the capital, and that there is very little space left in Brussels for important expansions of its infrastructure. Enlarging the territory of Brussels could potentially give it around
500:(Euratom). These shared the Assembly and Court of the ECSC but created two new sets of Councils and Commissions (equivalent to the ECSC's High Authority). Discussions on the seats of the institutions were left until the last moment before the treaties came into force, so as not to interfere with
1843:
The president of the Commission occupies the largest office, near the Commission's meeting room on the top (13th) floor. Although the main Commission building, it houses only 2,000 out of the 20,000 Commission officials based in Brussels. In addition to the Commissioners and their cabinets, the
842:
being discovered in the Berlaymont, forcing its evacuation in 1989. The Commission threatened to move out of the city altogether, which would have destroyed Brussels's chances of hosting the Parliament, so the Belgian Government stepped in to build the Breydel building a short distance from the
762:
The 1965 agreement was a source of contention for the Parliament, which wished to be closer to the other institutions, so it began moving some of its decision-making bodies, committee and political group meetings to Brussels. In 1983, it went further by symbolically holding a plenary session in
743:
In Brussels, staff continued to be spread across a number of buildings, on the Rue Belliard, the Avenue de la Joyeuse Entrée, the Rue du Marais and at the Mont des Arts. The first purpose-built building was the Berlaymont building in 1958, designed to house 3000 officials, which soon proved too
547:
Brussels missed out in its bid for a single seat due to a weak campaign from the Belgian Government in negotiations. The government eventually pushed its campaign and started large-scale construction, renting office space in the east of the city for use by the institutions. On 11 February 1958,
687:
The decision was put off due to the varied national positions preventing a unanimous decision. Luxembourg fought to keep the ECSC or have compensation; France fought for Strasbourg; Italy, initially backing Paris, fought for any Italian city to thwart Luxembourg and Strasbourg. Meanwhile, the
952:
Brussels is third in the number of international conferences it hosts, also becoming one of the largest convention centres in the world. The total number of journalists accredited to the EU institutions was 955 as of late October 2015. This is marginally higher than 2012, when there were 931
744:
small, causing the institution to spread out across the neighbourhood. Yet, despite the agreement to host these institutions in Brussels, its formal status was still unclear, and hence the city sought to strengthen its hand with major investment in buildings and infrastructure (including the
2490:
of which sits on top of Brussels-Luxembourg Station). Traffic on the lines is expected to increase creating environmental problems that would be solved by covering the lines. The surface would then be covered by flagstones, in the same manner as the Parliament's esplanade, to create a
2277:, unveiled plans for rebuilding the district. It would involve new buildings (220,000 m (2,368,060 sq ft) of new office space) but also more efficient use of existing space. This is primarily through replacing numerous smaller buildings with fewer, larger, buildings.
2438:. This has reduced price increases but it is still one of the most expensive areas in the city (€295/m, compared to €196/m on average). Neither the Parliament nor the Council have followed suit, however, and the policy of decentralisation is unpopular among the Commission's staff.
1209:
for most of its history, was historically residential, an aspect which was rapidly lost as the institutions moved in, although the change from a residential area to a more office oriented one had already been underway for some time before the arrival of the European institutions.
4350:
2300:
Given the delays and cost of the Berlaymont and other projects, the Commissioner emphasised that the new plans would offer "better value for money" and that the designs would be subject to an international architectural competition. He also pushed that controlling the buildings
2816:
The plan was that it would be a "European district" between France and Germany, and institutions would move when the status was agreed. But three years later Saarbrücken voted massively to rejoin West Germany, cancelling the European district plan and maintaining Luxembourg's
2148:
In terms of demographics, 46% of the population of Brussels is from outside Belgium; of this, half is from other EU member states. About 3/5 of European civil servants live in the Brussels-Capital Region with 63% in the municipalities around the European district (24% in the
763:
Brussels, in the basement of the Mont des Arts Congress Centre. However, the meeting was a fiasco and the poor facilities partly discredited Brussels' aim of being the sole seat of the institutions. Things looked up for Brussels when, in 1985, the Parliament gained its own
4344:
2164:
In Brussels, there are 3,500,000 m (38,000,000 sq ft) of occupied office space; half of this is taken up by the EU institutions alone, accounting for a quarter of available office space in the city. The majority of EU office space is concentrated in the
2405:
The concentration of offices in the European Quarter has led to increase real estate prices due to the increased demand and reduced space. In response to this problem, the Commission has, since 2004, begun decentralising across the city to areas such as the
818:
in 1997, although the Parliament was required to hold some of its sessions, including its budgetary session, in Strasbourg, additional sessions and committees could meet in Brussels. It also reaffirmed the presence of the Commission and Council in the city.
1926:"masculine" architecture of other EU buildings. The building features a "lantern shaped" structure surrounded by a glass atrium made up of recycled windows from across Europe, intended to appear "united from afar but showing their diversity up close."
2345:) would be one of three new pedestrian squares. Schuman would focus on "policy and politics" and Schuman Station itself would be redesigned. Coverings over nearby motorways and railways would be extended to shield them from view. However, the planned
883:
capital of the EU. Brussels is frequently labelled as the "capital" of the EU, particularly in publications by local authorities, the Commission and press. Indeed, Brussels interprets the 1992 agreement on seats as declaring Brussels as the capital.
3816:
Meulders, Raphael (22 June 2010) http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lalibre.be%2Factu%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F591060%2Fbruxelles-est-aussi-devenue-notre-ville.html Brussels has also become our town], La Libre Belgique via Google Translate. Accessed 1 July
895:(Parliament's main seat). Authorities in Strasbourg and organisations based there also refer to Strasbourg as the "capital" of Europe and Brussels, Strasbourg and Luxembourg are also referred to as the joint capitals of Europe. In 2010, then-
106:) and 121,000 jobs (16.7% of the regional employment). The main rationale for Brussels being chosen as "capital of the European Union" was its halfway location between France, Germany and the United Kingdom, the three countries whose rivalry
3053:
2610:
In the hypothetical scenario of a separation of Belgium, the future status of Brussels is unknown. It might become an EU member state, or jointly run by the nations formed from Belgium and the EU itself. The possible status of Brussels as a
5508:
5090:
1870:
732:. Strasbourg would continue to host the Parliament. Joining the Commission was the merged Council's Secretariat. The ECSC's Secretariat merged with the EEC's and EAEC's in the Ravenstein building, which then moved to the
2485:
As for the existing Beaulieu pole, which is to the south east of the European Quarter, there is a proposal to link it with the main quarter by covering the railway lines between Beaulieu and the European Parliament (the
907:
as the 'capital of the free world.' But it seems to me that in this great city, which boasts 1,000 years of history and which serves as the capital of Belgium, the home of the European Union, and the headquarters for
5682:
3054:"Decision taken by Common Agreement between the representatives of the governments of member states on the location of the seats of the institutions and of certain bodies and departments of the European Communities"
3774:
843:
Berlaymont, in only 23 months, ensuring the Commission could move in before the Edinburgh Summit. Shortly after Edinburgh, the Parliament bought its new building in Brussels. With the status of Brussels now clear,
5166:
5070:
5724:
2396:
and the "Europeanisation" of part of the Cinquantenaire complex with a "socio-cultural facility". It is possible that the Council may have to move to this area from the Europa building for security reasons.
1844:
Berlaymont also houses the Commission's Secretariat-General and Legal Service. Across the quarter the Commission occupies 865,000 m (9,310,783 sq ft) in 61 buildings with the Berlaymont and
3885:
Meulders, Raphael (21 June 2010) http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lalibre.be%2Factu%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F590787%2Fbienvenue-a-euroland.html to "Euroland"], La Libre Belgique via Google Translate. Accessed 1 July
1952:
2491:
pedestrian/cyclist path between the two districts. The plan proposes that this "promenade of Europeans" of 3,720 metres (12,200 ft) be divided into areas dedicated to each of the member states.
866:
rotated. From 2004, all Councils were meant to be held in Brussels; however, some extraordinary meetings are still held elsewhere. The reason for the move was in part due to the experience of the
5040:
3267:
2169:. Running costs of the EU institutions total €2 billion a year, half of which benefit Brussels directly, and a further €0.8 billion come from the expenses of diplomats, journalists, etc.
6176:
2262:
5115:
2482:. The city intends to build an international conference centre with 3,500 seats and an "important commercial centre." The Commission will respond to the proposal in the first half of 2009.
672:
was located halfway between France, Germany and the United Kingdom (as in the case of other seats of European institutions), and on the border between the two major European civilisations:
1932:
5151:
6088:
5161:
1854:
5284:
5065:
2192:
having their own society. This is in part down to that many expatriates in Brussels stay for short periods only and do not always learn the local languages (supplanted by English/
6020:
4585:
190:
4905:
5592:
5564:
4927:
3771:
1980:'s buildings are located to the south between Leopold Park and the Place du Luxembourg, over Brussels-Luxembourg Station, which is underground. The complex, known as the "
879:
enticed an increasing number of the Parliament's sessions to the city, in addition to the main seats of the other two main political institutions, as making Brussels the
5578:
5550:
2459:
has been proposed as one of the new poles by the City of Brussels, which intends to develop the area as an international district regardless. The park, built around the
1994:
3898:
3758:
5582:
5568:
5554:
5030:
6073:
1963:
1918:
5907:
3742:
2455:
Nevertheless, the Commission intends to develop two or three large "poles" outside the quarter, each greater than 100,000 m (1,076,391 sq ft). The
5929:
435:
688:
Parliament passed a series of resolutions complaining about the whole situation of spreading itself across three cities, though unable to do anything about it.
6078:
5105:
5055:
4568:
4363:
1885:
1832:, Jean Gilson, André Polak and Jean Polak and paid for by the Belgian Government (who could occupy it if the Commission left Brussels). It was inspired by the
3392:
928:
Brussels is a centre of political activity with ambassadors to Belgium, NATO and the EU being based in the city. It hosts 120 international institutions, 181
4770:
667:
A Committee of Experts deemed Brussels to be the one option to have all the necessary features for a European capital: a large, active metropolis, without a
318:
5289:
5194:
3915:
3012:
5805:
5448:
4329:
2090:
1796:
isolated from the rest of the city (though this view is not shared by all). There is also a perceived lack of symbolism, with some such as the architect
5386:
2591:. The regions are mostly responsible for the economy, mobility and other territory-related matters. Belgium is also divided into three communities: the
5120:
5085:
5050:
2130:
1828:, the primary seat of the Commission. It was the first building to be constructed for the Community, originally built in the 1960s. It was designed by
5110:
4573:
3561:
3275:
2583:
Belgium operates a complex federal system and is divided into three regions, with the Brussels-Capital Region being an independent region, alongside
2270:
163:
4138:
2859:
6057:
5666:
5652:
5638:
5624:
5610:
5596:
4920:
3797:
2184:
However, there is considerable division between the two communities, with local Brussels residents feeling excluded from the European Quarter (a "
5959:
863:
814:
of 1992, the EU adopted a final agreement on the location of its institutions. According to this decision, which was subsequently annexed to the
516:
3366:
5350:
5209:
5125:
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4935:
3482:
2773:
699:
388:
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235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
5746:
5528:
5408:
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2377:
would be removed, creating a broad boulevard-like extension of the Place du Luxembourg, the second pedestrian square (focusing on citizens).
3740:
Bertha von Suttner – a visionary European. Opening of Bertha von Suttner Building, Committee of the Regions – ECOSOC. Brussels, 8 March 2006
2022:
2010:
5269:
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1889:
4391:
6015:
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5922:
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5259:
5176:
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130:
1812:
viewing Brussels as a "soft capital"; rather than it being an "imperial city" of an empire, it should reflect the EU's position as the "
5512:
2733:
Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
2946:
2392:(for events and festivities). Wider development may also surround Cinquantenaire Park with plans for a new metro station, underground
903:, while speaking to the European Parliament, said: "As you probably know, some American politicians and American journalists refer to
5734:
5483:
4580:
4355:
3680:
3271:
2141:
203:
156:
4386:
2622:
The boundaries of the Brussels-Capital Region were determined from the 1947 language census' data. This was the last time that some
146:
5937:
5688:
5254:
4516:
4511:
4506:
3422:
6229:
5005:
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6104:
6005:
5915:
5478:
5274:
5264:
5146:
5035:
3967:
3626:
3460:
1816:" of Europe. Despite this, the plans for redevelopment intend to deal with a certain extent of visual identity in the quarter.
954:
729:
330:
4309:
6224:
5443:
5279:
5184:
4751:
4526:
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3336:
3306:
1223:
264:
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2353:
routes would also be created for demonstrations. Next to the Parliament at Leopold Park, the block of buildings between the
1836:
headquarters building in Paris, designed as a four-pointed star on supporting columns, and at the time an ambitious design.
5761:
5538:
5458:
5204:
4736:
2575:
2487:
1492:
1240:
4397:
4321:
4308:
Dotti, 2013 "Update of the Economic Impact of the European and International Institutions on the Brussels-Capital Region.
3235:
3208:
3171:
3128:
2990:
5883:
5742:
5416:
5294:
5075:
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5000:
4373:
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3079:
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1236:
1198:
1167:
896:
279:
49:
4216:
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5249:
4705:
4432:
2662:
2616:
2047:
508:
507:
Brussels waited until only a month before talks to enter its application, which received unofficial backing by several
381:
75:
6239:
6234:
6000:
5767:
5673:
5658:
5644:
5630:
5616:
5602:
5588:
5574:
5560:
5546:
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5438:
5401:
5226:
3654:
2783:
2745:
2691:
431:
284:
4360:
6083:
6052:
6030:
5821:
5693:
4638:
4070:
3916:"Annonce du lauréat de la compétition visant la Définition d'une forme urbaine pour la rue de la Loi et ses abords"
3739:
3400:
2039:
1624:
1099:
497:
4195:
5862:
4741:
4026:
3836:
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onto its territory. A large and independent status may also help Brussels in its claim as the capital of the EU.
1579:
745:
294:
5468:
5244:
5130:
4620:
4481:
3926:
1788:
The quarter's land-use is very homogenous and criticised by some, for example the former Commission President,
5938:
5795:
5777:
5156:
4990:
4491:
2657:
2066:, which is next to Leopold Park and used to be occupied by the Parliament. They also use the office building
2055:
1906:
1881:
844:
708:
451:
439:
374:
91:
2619:
as a way of enriching the city. However, the Belgian issue has very little discussion within the EU bodies.
519:
wanted to. In practice, this was at Val-Duchesse until autumn 1958 when it moved to central Brussels, at 2,
274:
5394:
4746:
4721:
4453:
2628:
2464:
462:), opposed by all the other members, and was unable to formally back Brussels due to internal instability.
240:
185:
3596:
3565:
5826:
5634:
4731:
4145:
4048:
2596:
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2468:
1605:
1016:. The "Eurocap-rail" project plans to improve Brussels' links to the south to Luxembourg and Strasbourg.
493:
180:
175:
5790:
3794:
2113:, which is a non-EU military organisation currently merging into the EU's CFSP, and is headquartered in
5648:
5199:
4643:
4466:
1572:
854:
The Council, which had been expanding into further buildings as it grew, consolidated once more in the
851:, advisory bodies and regional offices started basing themselves in the quarter near the institutions.
512:
465:
Agreement remained elusive and a seat had to be found before the institutions could begin work, hence
5857:
5852:
5719:
5678:
5662:
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5606:
5340:
4679:
4601:
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3370:
2623:
2600:
2342:
1407:
1151:
997:
450:. A number of cities were considered, and Brussels would have been accepted as a compromise, but the
443:
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2775:
Contested Spaces, Common Ground: Space and Power Structures in Contemporary Multireligious Societies
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350:
259:
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1959:
1914:
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673:
4139:"Speech of Vice-President Kallas: Designing for the Future – The Market and the Quality of Life"
4000:
539:
5335:
4977:
4943:
4536:
4425:
3236:"Big Day for Brussels; Common Market Activities Make City The New Capital of European Politics"
2603:. These communities are responsible for language-related matters such as culture or education.
2110:
1913:
have used as their headquarters since the beginning of 2017. Their former home in the adjacent
573:
572:
on 1 April 1958 (later exclusively used by the Euratom Commission), though with the numbers of
427:
111:
103:
1126:), which is the unofficial name of the area corresponding to the approximate triangle between
515:, in Brussels (headquarters of a temporary committee). The Councils would meet wherever their
6162:
6114:
6109:
5896:
5375:
5095:
4847:
4842:
4792:
4496:
2731:
2098:
1666:
748:
107:
18:
3718:
3396:
5325:
5320:
4867:
4837:
4658:
4461:
4310:
https://dial.uclouvain.be/downloader/downloader.php?pid=boreal:179693&datastream=PDF_01
4265:
2293:
2178:
2170:
1877:
1845:
1378:
1354:
733:
704:
304:
118:
4086:
3684:
862:
should also be based in Brussels, having previously moved between different cities as the
8:
6025:
5424:
5310:
5221:
5015:
4985:
4967:
4946:
4872:
4862:
4674:
3175:
3057:
2185:
2135:
2106:
2051:
1977:
1922:
1861:
1825:
1617:
1440:
1347:
1232:
1228:
1202:
1188:
1184:
1142:
extending into the latter). The Commission and Council are located on either side of the
867:
815:
800:
796:
737:
601:
474:
447:
99:
87:
3426:
3167:
2227:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
5330:
4606:
3505:"Everything you wanted to know about the Brussels Press Corps but were afraid to ask |"
3240:
2285:
2193:
2067:
1813:
1800:
proposing that Brussels needs an architectural symbol to represent Europe (akin to the
1469:
1080:
1076:
969:
929:
924:
Brussels attracts the most journalists in the world (Commission's press room pictured).
677:
668:
360:
3759:
The EESC and CoR building at 99–101 rue Belliardstraat renamed Jacques Delors Building
3145:
39:
5355:
5345:
4648:
4486:
4471:
4418:
4295:
3866:
3332:
3302:
2779:
2741:
2592:
2547:
2346:
2094:
2043:
1808:). Others do not think this is in keeping with the idea of the EU, with the novelist
1335:
1064:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1019:
Brussels is the hub of a range of national roads, the main ones being clockwise: the
888:
478:
5756:
3974:
3468:
2752:
Brussels, the capital of Belgium, is considered to be the de facto capital of the EU
2274:
2001:
1981:
1273:
1139:
965:
764:
481:). This agreement was temporary, and plans were set to relocate the institutions to
5785:
5315:
4797:
4633:
2632:
2302:
2118:
1943:
1910:
1829:
1638:
1395:
1180:
1091:
947:
904:
859:
823:
811:
792:
325:
95:
57:
3655:"EUROPA : Home of the European Council and the Council of the EU - Consilium"
2313:
2129:
The EU's presence in Brussels has created significant social and economic impact.
6142:
6040:
5462:
4812:
4367:
4199:
3902:
3801:
3778:
3746:
2994:
2289:
2197:
2166:
2063:
1939:
1902:
1778:
1611:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1321:
1292:
1254:" below). The architect Benoit Moritz has argued that the area has been an elite
1206:
1176:
466:
79:
4242:
1114:
Most of the European Union's Brussels-based institutions are located within its
543:
Aerial view of Brussels' European Quarter, hosting most of the EU's institutions
5943:
5831:
5714:
5709:
5419:
4938:
4895:
4628:
3714:
3245:
3212:
2987:
2515:
2479:
2456:
2449:
2318:
2154:
2150:
2114:
1985:
1631:
1460:
1428:
1131:
756:
489:
485:(Germany), which would serve as a "European District", but this did not occur.
71:
27:
3086:
482:
6218:
6192:
6178:
4684:
4653:
2640:
2636:
2472:
2445:
2326:
2254:
1673:
1172:
1143:
1127:
943:
752:
716:
645:
629:
289:
168:
1009:
102:. In 2013, this presence generated about €250 million (8.3% of the regional
6137:
3627:"Is the EU's new council building a desperate attempt to change its image?"
2158:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1685:
1421:
1304:
1135:
569:
501:
423:
4769:
942:, making it the second centre of diplomatic relations in the world (after
680:; and was at the centre of the first post-war integration experiment: the
4134:
3080:"Evolution of the European Council: The implications of a permanent seat"
2537:
2476:
2280:
In March 2009, a French-Belgian-British team led by the French architect
2266:
2102:
1809:
1371:
977:
411:
4553:
920:
691:
5878:
5473:
4995:
4852:
4832:
4782:
4192:
3268:"Prodi and Verhofstadt present ideas for Brussels as capital of Europe"
2612:
2189:
2181:(15,000 pupils run by 2000 employees) costing €99 million a year.
2174:
1659:
1032:
989:
892:
470:
407:
1848:
buildings the only ones over 50,000 m (538,196 sq ft).
6009:
5836:
4817:
4802:
4787:
2505:
2419:
2196:), remaining in expatriate communities and sending their children to
1805:
1652:
1263:
1103:
1013:
1001:
939:
900:
808:
644:. The Belgian Government further provided newly built offices on the
549:
469:
was chosen as a provisional seat, though with the Common Assembly in
434:(ECSC), and with this new community came the first institutions: the
114:
1714:
1698:
1691:
1679:
5189:
4441:
3355:(in English, French, Dutch, and German). European Commission. 2007.
2737:
2615:" has also been suggested by Charles Picqué, who sees a tax on the
2588:
2584:
2530:
2441:
2393:
1095:
1068:
1056:
993:
848:
839:
787:
459:
66:
23:
5493:
4049:"Bruxelles et l'UE prépare un grand lifting pour la Rue de la Loi"
3425:. Le Pôle européen d'administration publique. 2005. Archived from
1231:
in the European Quarter of Brussels. View facing east towards the
1000:, Brussels is around 1hr 25min from Paris, 1hr 50min from London,
455:
5976:
5970:
5091:
Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union
4959:
4822:
4521:
4171:
2460:
1645:
1255:
1005:
972:
of Europe. Brussels is located between the largest urban centres.
870:
in dealing with protesters and the fixed facilities in Brussels.
751:). However, these initial developments were sporadic with little
681:
534:
83:
61:
4347:: Future plans for the European Quarter, Brussels-Capital Region
4112:
3828:
3144:. Young European Federalists. 18 September 2007. Archived from
1833:
1793:
1707:
1072:
1040:
985:
415:
299:
6021:
Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council
4960:
Table of European Commission Directorates-General and Services
4087:"European Commission buildings policy – questions and answers"
3772:
EU responsible for significant' proportion of Brussels economy
3211:. Brussels-Europe Liaison Office. 6 April 2006. Archived from
3114:
Parker, John (January–February 2007). "A tale of two cities".
2558: Flemish & French Community / bilingual language area
1722:
5965:
4857:
4827:
4807:
2435:
1331:
1317:
1269:
1060:
1052:
1024:
981:
419:
269:
2249:
1568:
1561:
1550:
1539:
1524:
1517:
1506:
1498:
1485:
1478:
1456:
1449:
1434:
1417:
1403:
576:
rapidly expanding, services were set up in buildings on the
4410:
3331:. Brussels, Belgium: Foundation for the Urban Environment.
1391:
1384:
1367:
1360:
1343:
1084:
909:
5725:
Intergroup on long term investment and reindustrialisation
4217:"Brussels after Belgium: fringe town or city state ?"
1310:
1298:
1281:
822:
Shortly before this summit, the Commission moved into the
5265:
Infrastructures and Logistics (Brussels & Luxembourg)
5167:
European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations
4394:, a body charged to promote Brussels as Europe's capital
2329:
parts of the Rue de la Loi next to the Berlaymont. A new
2257:
is set to be rebuilt with taller and more open buildings.
912:, this city has its own legitimate claim to that title."
887:
There are two further cities hosting major institutions,
406:
In 1951, the leaders of six European countries (Belgium,
74:, having a long history of hosting a number of principal
3804:, La Libre Belgique, on PressEurop. Accessed 1 July 2010
3448:
Biden Says Brussels Could Be 'Capital of the Free World'
2284:
won a competition to redesign the Rue de la Loi between
2046:
since 1 December 2010. The EEAS's bodies related to the
1106:(Wallonia), some 50 km (30 mi) from Brussels.
782:
556:
While waiting for the completion of the building on the
98:, as well as a seat (officially the second seat) of the
3597:"EU promises 'facelift' for Brussels' European quarter"
4405:
4172:"EU commission considers major relocation in Brussels"
3973:. European Council of Spatial Planners. Archived from
3968:"The European Quarter today: Assessment and prospects"
3865:. translated by Sarah Strange. Badeaux. pp. 7–8.
3461:"Brussels, an international city and European capital"
2349:
of the Schuman Roundabout was cancelled in late 2014.
2188:
ghetto"). The communities often do not mix much, with
1962:
is still used for low-level meetings and to house the
1917:
is still used for low-level meetings and to house the
131:
Location of European Union institutions § History
3013:"The seats of the institutions of the European Union"
86:
capital but Brussels hosts the official seats of the
5071:
Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs
2073:
Brussels also hosts two additional EU agencies: the
1901:
Across the Rue de la Loi from the Berlaymont is the
1880:, the Commission's second largest building, housing
401:
4330:
Le Plan de Développement International de Bruxelles
4266:"Jean Quatremer: a nation has been born – Flanders"
3896:
Brussels' EU quarter set for 'spectacular' facelift
2854:
2852:
2850:
2467:, has the largest parking facilities in Belgium, a
2091:
Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation
3998:
3326:
2321:would be one of three European pedestrian squares.
3999:Laconte, Pierre; Carola Hein (5 September 2007).
2271:Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region
2124:
1864:, primary headquarters of the European Commission
1175:in the European Quarter of Brussels. View of the
6216:
6058:Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council
4106:
4104:
4081:
4079:
3856:
3854:
3051:
2942:
2940:
2847:
1094:, located in the nearby Flemish municipality of
660:) for the Council of Ministers' Secretariat and
5041:Communications Networks, Content and Technology
4234:
4144:. Architects' Council of Europe. Archived from
3781:, The Parliament Magazine. Accessed 1 July 2010
3591:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3555:
3553:
3483:"Brussels: home to international organisations"
5066:Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Inclusion
4001:"Brussels: Perspectives on a European Capital"
3943:Buildings that speak ‘to Europe and the world'
3829:"Daylight shooting in EU capital raises alarm"
3826:
2692:"Gewest gaat voor nieuwe vlag met hartjeslogo"
2305:would be "an integral part of the programme".
2173:in the city generates 2.2 million annual
535:Installation in Brussels and early development
473:as that was the only city with a large enough
5923:
5402:
4921:
4868:Woluwe-Saint-Lambert / Sint-Lambrechts-Woluwe
4771:Municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region
4426:
4101:
4076:
3851:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
2997:, Brussels-Europe Liaison Office (2008-07-20)
2937:
382:
4210:
4208:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3580:
3550:
3329:Brussels: Perspectives on a European Capital
3045:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2423:
2407:
2381:
2366:
2354:
2330:
2078:
953:reporters, and almost the same as after the
915:
827:
768:
649:
633:
617:
605:
589:
577:
557:
520:
6016:Education, Youth, Culture and Sport Council
4848:Saint-Josse-ten-Noode / Sint-Joost-ten-Node
4793:Berchem-Sainte-Agathe / Sint-Agatha-Berchem
4025:Bavière, Francis Vanden (9 December 2007).
3812:
3810:
3789:
3787:
3704:
3702:
3369:. Strasbourg Tourism Office. Archived from
2860:"Seat of the Council of the European Union"
2429:
2413:
2387:
2372:
2360:
2336:
2084:
1205:. The area, much of which was known as the
933:
833:
774:
692:Merger Treaty: political and town-planning
655:
639:
623:
611:
595:
583:
563:
526:
117:and whose reconciliation paved the way for
5930:
5916:
5409:
5395:
4928:
4914:
4838:Molenbeek-Saint-Jean / Sint-Jans-Molenbeek
4433:
4419:
4294:. S. Strange (trans.). Brussels: Badeaux.
4214:
3992:
3624:
3611:
3475:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3301:. S. Strange (trans.). Brussels: Badeaux.
2004:buildings, housing the European Parliament
389:
375:
5162:International Cooperation and Development
5152:Neighborhood and Enlargement Negotiations
4873:Woluwe-Saint-Pierre / Sint-Pieters-Woluwe
4863:Watermael-Boitsfort / Watermaal-Bosvoorde
4594:
4398:Statistics on the EU presence in Brussels
4205:
3948:
3536:already begun at the dawn of the century.
3166:
3109:
3107:
3000:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2729:
2380:The third pedestrian square would be the
707:(before renovation), headquarters of the
3879:
3807:
3784:
3699:
3681:"The two-seat parliament farce must end"
3678:
3559:
3367:"Strasbourg : the European capital"
3142:"OneSeat.eu: 1 million citizens do care"
3071:
2536:
2504:
2440:
2312:
2248:
2117:, on the north-eastern perimeter of the
1197:The European Parliament is located over
964:
919:
786:
698:
538:
17:
4240:
4215:Van Parijs, Philippe (4 October 2007).
4110:
4024:
3625:Vermeersch, Laurent (30 January 2015).
3453:
3315:
3203:
3201:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2668:Location of European Union institutions
2263:Commissioner for Administrative Affairs
2109:agency covering much of Europe and the
1971:
1819:
976:Brussels is located in one of the most
6217:
6006:Economic and Financial Affairs Council
5147:Service for Foreign Policy Instruments
4163:
4133:
4027:"A peek on the future Schuman Station"
4006:. Foundation for the Urban Environment
3708:
3393:"Alliance Française Strasbourg Europe"
3233:
3172:"My blog: Denmark, Latvia, Strasbourg"
3113:
3104:
2952:
2698:(in Dutch). Brussels. 17 December 2014
858:, and in 2002, it was agreed that the
730:Secretariat of the European Parliament
5911:
5390:
4909:
4768:
4414:
4289:
4018:
3860:
3839:from the original on 13 December 2013
3649:
3647:
3528:
3327:Laconte, Pierre; Carola Hein (2008).
3296:
3052:European Council (12 December 1992).
2308:
2070:. Both buildings were named in 2006.
2033:
1946:and the Council of the European Union
1896:
783:Edinburgh European Council compromise
492:established two new communities: the
4406:Foundation for the Urban Environment
4263:
4127:
4113:"EU quarter in Brussels set to grow"
4111:Vucheva, Elitsa (5 September 2007).
3965:
3709:Rankin, Jennifer (31 October 2007).
3560:Zucchini, Giulio (18 October 2006).
3198:
2972:
2501:Partition of Belgium § Brussels
2207:
4169:
2889:The EIB moved to Luxembourg in 1965
2653:European Institutions in Strasbourg
2494:
2400:
1237:Brussels-Luxembourg railway station
1199:Brussels-Luxembourg railway station
1109:
897:Vice President of the United States
50:flag of the Brussels-Capital Region
13:
5250:European Political Strategy Centre
4527:L'Innovation department store fire
4392:The Brussels-Europe Liaison Office
4243:"Europe diary: The great re-entry"
4241:Mardell, Mark (7 September 2006).
3711:"City bids to shape EU's presence"
3644:
2663:Institutions of the European Union
2200:, rather than local Belgian ones.
2048:Common Security and Defence Policy
1229:Place du Luxembourg/Luxemburgplein
1203:Place du Luxembourg/Luxemburgplein
1012:and the Rhine-Ruhr), and 3hr from
14:
6251:
6001:Agriculture and Fisheries Council
5227:Structural Reform Support Service
5031:Agriculture and Rural Development
4315:
4170:Pop, Valentina (9 January 2009).
3925:(in French). 2009. Archived from
3793:Bocart, Stéphanie (12 June 2010)
3679:Wheatley, Paul (2 October 2006).
3533:. Brussels: Badeaux. p. 72.
3423:"Strasbourg, capitale européenne"
3077:
2965:European Commission publication:
2684:
1824:The most iconic structure is the
553:into the matter of a final seat.
432:European Coal and Steel Community
402:Birth of the European Communities
6156:
6053:Justice and Home Affairs Council
5942:
5492:
5418:
5369:
5014:
4937:
4889:
4552:
4400:, Brussels-Europe Liaison Office
4382:Parliament D4 & D5 buildings
4264:Feki, Donya (29 November 2007).
2730:Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian (2013).
2716:see the references below in the
2212:
2040:European External Action Service
2021:
2009:
1993:
1951:
1931:
1869:
1853:
1777:
1721:
1713:
1706:
1697:
1690:
1678:
1610:
1593:
1567:
1560:
1549:
1538:
1523:
1516:
1505:
1497:
1484:
1477:
1455:
1448:
1433:
1416:
1402:
1390:
1383:
1366:
1359:
1342:
1330:
1316:
1309:
1297:
1280:
1268:
1262:
1259:to "interacting" with the city.
1215:
1159:
1100:Brussels South Charleroi Airport
1075:). The region is skirted by the
960:
891:(judicial and second seats) and
602:Avenue de Tervueren/Tervurenlaan
498:European Atomic Energy Community
454:put all its effort into backing
145:
38:
5863:Model European Union Strasbourg
4701:Brussels and the European Union
4283:
4257:
4186:
4089:. EU Business. 6 September 2007
4063:
4041:
3936:
3908:
3889:
3827:Andrew Rettman (8 March 2010).
3820:
3764:
3752:
3733:
3672:
3541:
3522:
3497:
3465:L'université Libre de Bruxelles
3441:
3415:
3385:
3359:
3345:
3290:
3260:
3227:
3189:
3160:
3134:
3122:
3036:
3027:
2947:Seat of the European Commission
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2838:
2829:
1183:) on the lefthand side and the
1146:at the heart of this area near
1140:European Parliament's hemicycle
6230:Belgium and the European Union
5106:Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
5056:Economic and Financial Affairs
4798:Bruxelles-Ville / Stad Brussel
3274:. 5 April 2007. Archived from
3085:. Dragoman.org. Archived from
2820:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2766:
2757:
2723:
2710:
2125:Demography and economic impact
1792:, for being an administrative
755:and based on speculation (see
1:
5939:Council of the European Union
4374:Visit the European Parliament
4322:European Quarter on Wikimapia
3770:Banks, Martin (29 June 2010)
3234:Gilroy, Harry (2 June 1962).
3209:"Brussels: capital of Europe"
2673:
2658:History of the European Union
2523: Brussels-Capital Region
2244:
2056:Economic and Social Committee
2042:(EEAS) has been based in the
2028:The Altiero Spinelli building
2016:The Paul-Henri Spaak building
1907:Council of the European Union
709:Council of the European Union
92:Council of the European Union
6225:European quarter of Brussels
6204:European Quarter of Brussels
5290:Human Resources and Security
4440:
3683:. Café Babel. Archived from
3599:. EurActiv. 6 September 2007
3564:. Café Babel. Archived from
2629:1.5 million inhabitants
1921:, which has been located in
7:
5806:Joint parliamentary meeting
4351:Google Maps, Robert Schuman
4292:Brussels, capital of Europe
4071:Brussel verruimd de horizon
3863:Brussels, capital of Europe
3547:Demey, 2007: pp. 216–7
3531:Brussels, Capital of Europe
3299:Brussels, capital of Europe
2646:
2389:Esplanade van het Jubelpark
2383:Esplanade du Cinquantenaire
2050:(CSDP) are situated in the
1251:
1090:Brussels is also served by
978:urbanised regions of Europe
765:plenary chamber in the city
570:Rue Belliard/Belliardstraat
559:Avenue de la Joyeuse Entrée
494:European Economic Community
10:
6256:
5444:Committees and Delegations
5121:Taxation and Customs Union
5086:Migration and Home Affairs
5051:Defence Industry and Space
4843:Saint-Gilles / Sint-Gillis
4492:Duchess of Richmond's ball
3562:"Brussels, a soft capital"
2498:
2463:landmark, already hosts a
1984:" (or "Leopoldsruimte" in
1574:Museum of Natural Sciences
1241:Monument to John Cockerill
799:'s headquarters while the
568:, offices moved to 51–53,
128:
124:
6163:European Union portal
6151:
6125:
6097:
6066:
5993:
5952:
5892:
5871:
5858:Model European Parliament
5853:European Youth Parliament
5845:
5814:
5776:
5733:
5720:Paneuropean Working Group
5702:
5537:
5501:
5490:
5431:
5376:European Union portal
5364:
5303:
5235:
5175:
5139:
5111:Regional and Urban Policy
5023:
5012:
4976:
4953:
4885:
4778:
4764:
4714:
4693:
4667:
4619:
4602:Drapery Court of Brussels
4561:
4550:
4452:
4448:
4387:Gallery of the EU Quarter
4366:27 September 2007 at the
4073:. Retrieved on 2007-12-11
3945:, European Voice 12.03.09
3795:Invasion of the Eurocrats
3450:, Fox News (25 May 2010).
2601:German-speaking Community
2576:German-speaking Community
2430:
2424:
2414:
2408:
2388:
2382:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2343:Robert Schuman Roundabout
2337:
2331:
2221:This section needs to be
2203:
2177:nights. There are thirty
2145:international community.
2085:
2079:
1261:
1152:Robert Schuman Roundabout
916:Lobbyists and journalists
873:
834:
828:
775:
769:
656:
650:
640:
634:
624:
618:
612:
606:
596:
590:
584:
578:
564:
558:
527:
521:
6240:21st century in Brussels
6235:20th century in Brussels
5827:European Citizens' Prize
2678:
2319:Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark
2286:Maalbeek/Maelbeek Garden
2282:Christian de Portzamparc
2261:In September 2007, then-
2060:Committee of the Regions
1337:Triangle building (EEAS)
1191:) on the righthand side.
662:European Investment Bank
6110:Council Working Parties
6048:General Affairs Council
6036:Foreign Affairs Council
6031:Competitiveness Council
5822:Charlemagne Youth Prize
5796:Buttiglione controversy
5260:Data Protection Officer
5116:Research and Innovation
4853:Schaerbeek / Schaarbeek
4532:Heysel Stadium disaster
4290:Demey, Thierry (2007).
4198:14 January 2022 at the
4193:Promenade des Européens
4051:. RTL. 5 September 2007
3861:Demey, Thierry (2007).
3659:www.consilium.europa.eu
3529:Demey, Thierry (2007).
3297:Demey, Thierry (2007).
2541:Communities of Belgium:
2255:Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat
2075:European Defence Agency
1960:Justus Lipsius building
1915:Justus Lipsius building
1840:for €550 million.
1148:Schuman railway station
856:Justus Lipsius building
646:Mont des Arts/Kunstberg
630:Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat
574:European civil servants
513:Château of Val-Duchesse
138:Politics and government
5270:Internal Audit Service
5126:Mobility and Transport
5081:Health and Food Safety
5006:Civil Service Tribunal
4706:Science and technology
4644:North–South connection
4361:Brussels International
2580:
2578:/ German language area
2568:/ French language area
2534:
2452:
2322:
2258:
2111:Western European Union
1890:Internal Audit Service
1123:
1119:
1087:leads away to the SE.
973:
938:) and more than 2,500
934:
925:
804:
712:
550:the six member states'
544:
31:
5897:European Union Portal
5101:Justice and Consumers
5096:Joint Research Centre
5061:Education and Culture
4944:Administration of the
4497:Covering of the Senne
3901:12 March 2009 at the
2993:12 March 2008 at the
2550:/ Dutch language area
2540:
2508:
2457:Heysel/Heizel Plateau
2450:Heysel/Heizel Plateau
2444:
2316:
2269:, together with then-
2252:
2179:international schools
2099:Saint-Josse-ten-Noode
1964:Council's Secretariat
1923:Brussels' city centre
1919:Council's Secretariat
1773: Pedestrian Area
1705:Chaussée d'Etterbeek
1187:(headquarters of the
1098:, and by the smaller
968:
923:
790:
711:between 1971 and 1995
702:
591:Avenue de Broqueville
542:
477:(the one used by the
129:Further information:
21:
6089:Directorates-general
5768:Luxembourg buildings
5529:Reform working group
5513:National parliaments
5326:Convent Van Maerlant
4986:Directorates-General
4788:Auderghem / Oudergem
4338:bruxelles.irisnet.be
3800:27 June 2010 at the
3777:23 July 2010 at the
3493:on 15 February 2006.
3129:Parliament's website
2988:The European Quarter
2325:There were plans to
2142:Brussels' Parliament
2062:together occupy the
1972:Parliament buildings
1878:Charlemagne building
1820:Commission buildings
1504:Square Marie Louise
1380:Convent Van Maerlant
1239:'s entrance and the
1235:, including the old
734:Charlemagne building
705:Charlemagne building
635:Avenue de Kortenberg
440:Council of Ministers
430:, which created the
119:European integration
64:) is considered the
6188: /
6074:General Secretariat
6026:Environment Council
5801:European Convention
5425:European Parliament
5222:Europe by Satellite
5210:Secretariat-General
4968:Directorate-General
4947:European Commission
3745:28 May 2008 at the
3373:on 3 September 2009
3278:on 3 September 2009
3176:European Commission
3058:European Parliament
3033:Demey, 2007: 209–10
2778:. 11 October 2016.
2509:Regions of Belgium:
2292:in the east to the
2107:air traffic control
2052:Kortenberg building
1978:European Parliament
1862:Berlaymont building
1826:Berlaymont building
1607:Brussels-Luxembourg
1233:European Parliament
1189:European Commission
1185:Berlaymont building
1132:Cinquantenaire Park
1047:(SE to Luxembourg)
996:(Netherlands). Via
992:(Germany), and the
955:enlargement of 2004
816:Treaty of Amsterdam
797:European Commission
738:Berlaymont building
100:European Parliament
88:European Commission
26:in Belgium and the
6098:Preparatory bodies
5884:State of the Union
5791:Budget controversy
4896:Belgium portal
4607:Guilds of Brussels
4574:Minister-President
4356:Map of the EU area
4345:brussel.irisnet.be
4151:on 7 February 2009
3721:on 16 January 2009
3403:on 5 December 2009
3397:Alliance française
3353:Europe in Brussels
3241:The New York Times
3148:on 14 January 2022
3131:europarl.europa.eu
3078:Stark, Christine.
3042:Demey, 2007: 211–2
2967:Europe in Brussels
2925:Demey, 2007: 205–6
2907:Demey, 2007: 196–8
2880:Demey, 2007: 190–3
2844:Demey, 2007: 187–8
2826:Demey, 2007: 178–9
2798:Demey, 2007: 175–6
2581:
2535:
2453:
2409:Avenue de Beaulieu
2323:
2309:Pedestrian squares
2259:
2068:Bertha von Suttner
2034:Other institutions
1897:Councils buildings
1702:Avenue Cortenbergh
1077:European route E19
974:
970:Population density
926:
838:. This was due to
829:Avenue d'Auderghem
805:
713:
597:De Broquevillelaan
565:Blijde Inkomstlaan
545:
452:Belgian Government
164:Minister-President
32:
6171:
6170:
6079:Secretary-General
5905:
5904:
5384:
5383:
5356:Triangle building
5346:Madou Plaza Tower
5237:Internal Services
5215:Secretary-General
4903:
4902:
4881:
4880:
4760:
4759:
4752:Parks and gardens
4639:Charleroi Airport
4615:
4614:
4454:Historical events
4301:978-2-9600414-2-2
4137:(10 April 2008).
3966:Clerbaux, Bruno.
3932:on 27 March 2009.
3872:978-2-9600414-2-2
3568:on 8 January 2009
3471:on 3 August 2010.
3338:978-2-9600650-0-8
3308:978-2-9600414-2-2
3168:Wallström, Margot
2696:brusselsnieuws.be
2593:Flemish Community
2548:Flemish Community
2473:exhibition centre
2347:pedestrianisation
2242:
2241:
2101:). There is also
2095:Madou Plaza Tower
2086:Lakenweversstraat
2044:Triangle building
1765: Green Space
1718:Rue du Luxembourg
1120:Quartier Européen
1083:(E-W), while the
998:high speed trains
479:Council of Europe
399:
398:
6247:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6200:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6181:
6161:
6160:
6159:
5947:
5946:
5932:
5925:
5918:
5909:
5908:
5496:
5423:
5422:
5411:
5404:
5397:
5388:
5387:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5255:Digital Services
5177:General Services
5018:
4963:
4942:
4941:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4907:
4906:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4823:Ixelles / Elsene
4766:
4765:
4737:Railway stations
4634:Brussels Airport
4592:
4591:
4577:
4556:
4545:
4482:1695 bombardment
4450:
4449:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4412:
4411:
4380:
4370:Brussels Tourism
4343:
4336:
4328:
4305:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4221:
4212:
4203:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4150:
4143:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4108:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4083:
4074:
4069:Brussel Nieuws.
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4005:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3979:
3972:
3963:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3923:Charlespicque.be
3920:
3912:
3906:
3893:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3824:
3818:
3814:
3805:
3791:
3782:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3717:. Archived from
3706:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3622:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3593:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3557:
3548:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3489:. Archived from
3479:
3473:
3472:
3467:. Archived from
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3399:. Archived from
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3324:
3313:
3312:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3244:. Archived from
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3205:
3196:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3084:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3009:
2998:
2985:
2970:
2963:
2950:
2944:
2935:
2934:Demey, 2007: 207
2932:
2926:
2923:
2917:
2916:Demey, 2007: 199
2914:
2908:
2905:
2899:
2898:Demey, 2007: 193
2896:
2890:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2856:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2835:Demey, 2007: 187
2833:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2807:Demey, 2007: 177
2805:
2799:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2727:
2721:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2688:
2639:, and bring the
2597:French Community
2573:
2566:French Community
2563:
2557:
2556:
2545:
2528:
2522:
2513:
2495:Political status
2446:Centenary Palace
2433:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2401:Further quarters
2391:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2303:carbon footprint
2290:Résidence Palace
2237:
2234:
2228:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2198:European Schools
2171:Business tourism
2140:, member of the
2139:
2131:Jean-Luc Vanraes
2119:City of Brussels
2088:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2080:Rue des Drapiers
2077:(located on the
2025:
2013:
1997:
1955:
1944:European Council
1935:
1911:European Council
1873:
1857:
1830:Lucien De Vestel
1784:
1781:
1772:
1764:
1756:
1748:
1741: Parliament
1740:
1733: Commission
1732:
1725:
1717:
1710:
1701:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1553:
1542:
1527:
1520:
1509:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1465:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1431:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1406:
1398:
1397:Breydel building
1394:
1387:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1357:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1320:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1219:
1181:European Council
1163:
1116:European Quarter
1110:European Quarter
1092:Brussels Airport
1071:) and N9 (NW to
948:Washington, D.C.
937:
905:Washington, D.C.
860:European Council
837:
836:
831:
830:
824:Breydel building
812:European Council
807:In response the
793:Breydel building
778:
777:
772:
771:
659:
658:
653:
652:
643:
642:
637:
636:
627:
626:
621:
620:
615:
614:
609:
608:
599:
598:
593:
592:
587:
586:
581:
580:
567:
566:
561:
560:
530:
529:
528:Ravensteinstraat
524:
523:
444:Court of Justice
391:
384:
377:
351:BHV constituency
326:City of Brussels
149:
135:
134:
110:in starting the
96:European Council
82:. The EU has no
80:European Quarter
42:
22:The location of
6255:
6254:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6215:
6214:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6190:
6187:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6167:
6157:
6155:
6147:
6121:
6093:
6062:
6041:Gymnich meeting
5989:
5948:
5941:
5936:
5906:
5901:
5888:
5867:
5841:
5810:
5772:
5729:
5698:
5533:
5497:
5488:
5484:Vice-Presidents
5463:Roberta Metsola
5427:
5417:
5415:
5385:
5380:
5370:
5368:
5360:
5299:
5231:
5171:
5135:
5019:
5010:
4972:
4957:
4949:
4936:
4934:
4904:
4899:
4890:
4888:
4877:
4774:
4756:
4722:Notable persons
4710:
4689:
4663:
4611:
4590:
4571:
4557:
4548:
4539:
4472:Massacre (1370)
4444:
4439:
4378:
4368:Wayback Machine
4341:
4334:
4326:
4318:
4302:
4286:
4281:
4271:
4269:
4262:
4258:
4248:
4246:
4239:
4235:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4206:
4200:Wayback Machine
4191:
4187:
4177:
4175:
4168:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4141:
4132:
4128:
4118:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4068:
4064:
4054:
4052:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4032:
4030:
4023:
4019:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3980:on 9 April 2008
3977:
3970:
3964:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3929:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3903:Wayback Machine
3894:
3890:
3884:
3880:
3873:
3859:
3852:
3842:
3840:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3808:
3802:Wayback Machine
3792:
3785:
3779:Wayback Machine
3769:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3747:Wayback Machine
3738:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3707:
3700:
3690:
3688:
3687:on 10 June 2007
3677:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3653:
3652:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3623:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3581:
3571:
3569:
3558:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3511:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3339:
3325:
3316:
3309:
3295:
3291:
3281:
3279:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3251:
3249:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3170:(24 May 2006).
3165:
3161:
3151:
3149:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3127:
3123:
3112:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3001:
2995:Wayback Machine
2986:
2973:
2964:
2953:
2949:on CVCE website
2945:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2728:
2724:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2649:
2617:EU institutions
2579:
2571:
2569:
2561:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2543:
2533:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2511:
2503:
2497:
2465:European School
2403:
2341:(currently the
2311:
2247:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2167:Leopold Quarter
2153:and 11% in the
2133:
2127:
2064:Delors building
2036:
2029:
2026:
2017:
2014:
2005:
1998:
1974:
1967:
1956:
1947:
1940:Europa building
1936:
1903:Europa building
1899:
1892:
1874:
1865:
1858:
1822:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1686:
1683:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1502:
1493:
1490:
1482:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1453:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1314:
1305:
1302:
1294:Europa building
1293:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1225:
1220:
1207:Leopold Quarter
1195:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1177:Europa building
1169:
1164:
1112:
1102:, located near
1008:(with adjacent
963:
918:
876:
864:EU's Presidency
785:
697:
625:Jozef II-straat
537:
448:Common Assembly
428:Treaty of Paris
404:
395:
366:
365:
346:
338:
337:
321:
311:
310:
309:
254:
246:
245:
206:
196:
195:
159:
139:
133:
127:
76:EU institutions
70:capital of the
55:
54:
53:
52:
45:
44:
43:
12:
11:
5:
6253:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6193:50.84°N 4.38°E
6169:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6133:Justus Lipsius
6129:
6127:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6107:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6070:
6068:
6067:Administration
6064:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6044:
6043:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6003:
5997:
5995:
5994:Configurations
5991:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5973:
5968:
5964:current trio:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5949:
5935:
5934:
5927:
5920:
5912:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5899:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5849:
5847:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5832:Sakharov Prize
5829:
5824:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5782:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5759:
5750:
5739:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5715:Spinelli Group
5712:
5710:Crocodile Club
5706:
5704:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5694:Constituencies
5691:
5686:
5670:
5656:
5642:
5628:
5614:
5600:
5586:
5572:
5558:
5543:
5541:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5505:
5503:
5499:
5498:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5414:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5391:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5275:Interpretation
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5241:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5181:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5036:Climate Action
5033:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4964:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4933:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4910:
4901:
4900:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4813:Forest / Vorst
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4742:Metro stations
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4598:
4596:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4565:
4563:
4562:Administration
4559:
4558:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4467:Fortifications
4464:
4458:
4456:
4446:
4445:
4438:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4389:
4384:
4376:
4371:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4332:
4324:
4317:
4316:External links
4314:
4313:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4256:
4233:
4222:. The Bulletin
4204:
4185:
4162:
4126:
4100:
4075:
4062:
4040:
4017:
3991:
3947:
3935:
3907:
3888:
3878:
3871:
3850:
3833:euobserver.com
3819:
3806:
3783:
3763:
3751:
3732:
3715:European Voice
3698:
3671:
3643:
3610:
3579:
3549:
3540:
3521:
3509:cleareurope.eu
3496:
3474:
3452:
3440:
3429:on 12 May 2009
3414:
3384:
3358:
3344:
3337:
3314:
3307:
3289:
3259:
3248:on 5 July 2009
3226:
3215:on 5 July 2009
3197:
3188:
3159:
3133:
3121:
3103:
3092:on 9 July 2007
3070:
3044:
3035:
3026:
2999:
2971:
2951:
2936:
2927:
2918:
2909:
2900:
2891:
2882:
2873:
2846:
2837:
2828:
2819:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2784:
2765:
2756:
2746:
2722:
2709:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2648:
2645:
2624:municipalities
2570:
2560:
2552:
2542:
2531:Walloon Region
2525:
2519:
2516:Flemish Region
2510:
2496:
2493:
2480:miniature park
2402:
2399:
2310:
2307:
2275:Charles Picqué
2246:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2220:
2218:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2155:Walloon Region
2151:Flemish Region
2126:
2123:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2008:
2006:
2002:Espace Léopold
1999:
1992:
1982:Espace Léopold
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1957:
1950:
1948:
1942:, seat of the
1937:
1930:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1875:
1868:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1821:
1818:
1776:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1736:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1604:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1566:
1555:
1544:
1533:
1522:
1511:
1503:
1491:
1483:
1468:
1454:
1439:
1430:Cinquantenaire
1427:
1415:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1341:
1329:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1287:Justus Lipsius
1279:
1275:Espace Léopold
1267:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1201:, next to the
1170:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1111:
1108:
1079:(N-S) and the
962:
959:
917:
914:
875:
872:
868:Belgian police
803:was renovated.
795:served as the
784:
781:
757:Brusselisation
736:, next to the
696:
690:
657:Stuiversstraat
641:Kortenberglaan
536:
533:
522:Rue Ravenstein
496:(EEC) and the
490:Treaty of Rome
436:High Authority
403:
400:
397:
396:
394:
393:
386:
379:
371:
368:
367:
364:
363:
358:
353:
347:
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
335:
334:
333:
322:
319:Municipalities
317:
316:
313:
312:
308:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
256:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
207:
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
172:
171:
160:
155:
154:
151:
150:
142:
141:
126:
123:
72:European Union
47:
46:
37:
36:
35:
34:
33:
28:European Union
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6252:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6213:
6210:
6164:
6154:
6153:
6150:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6069:
6065:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5986:
5983:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5951:
5945:
5940:
5933:
5928:
5926:
5921:
5919:
5914:
5913:
5910:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5891:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5870:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5775:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5689:Apportionment
5687:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5495:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5421:
5412:
5407:
5405:
5400:
5398:
5393:
5392:
5389:
5377:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5336:Jean Monnet 2
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5280:Legal Service
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5185:Communication
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5017:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4978:Civil Service
4975:
4969:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4940:
4931:
4926:
4924:
4919:
4917:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4898:
4897:
4884:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4858:Uccle / Ukkel
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4763:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4685:Iris Festival
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4654:Brussels Ring
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4543:
4538:
4537:2016 bombings
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4436:
4431:
4429:
4424:
4422:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4339:
4333:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4293:
4288:
4287:
4267:
4260:
4244:
4237:
4218:
4211:
4209:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4189:
4174:. EU Observer
4173:
4166:
4147:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4115:. EU Observer
4114:
4107:
4105:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4072:
4066:
4050:
4044:
4028:
4021:
4002:
3995:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3944:
3939:
3928:
3924:
3917:
3911:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3892:
3882:
3874:
3868:
3864:
3857:
3855:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3823:
3813:
3811:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3767:
3760:
3755:
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5432:Organisation
5205:Publications
5140:External DGs
4958:
4887:
4700:
4694:Other topics
4502:Francisation
4291:
4284:Bibliography
4270:. Retrieved
4268:. Café Babel
4259:
4247:. Retrieved
4236:
4224:. Retrieved
4188:
4176:. Retrieved
4165:
4153:. Retrieved
4146:the original
4135:Kallas, Siim
4129:
4119:27 September
4117:. Retrieved
4093:27 September
4091:. Retrieved
4065:
4053:. Retrieved
4043:
4031:. Retrieved
4020:
4008:. Retrieved
3994:
3982:. Retrieved
3975:the original
3938:
3927:the original
3922:
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3881:
3862:
3841:. Retrieved
3832:
3822:
3766:
3754:
3735:
3723:. Retrieved
3719:the original
3689:. Retrieved
3685:the original
3674:
3662:. Retrieved
3658:
3634:. Retrieved
3631:The Guardian
3630:
3601:. Retrieved
3570:. Retrieved
3566:the original
3543:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3514:29 September
3512:. Retrieved
3508:
3499:
3491:the original
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3477:
3469:the original
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3427:the original
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3387:
3375:. Retrieved
3371:the original
3361:
3352:
3347:
3328:
3298:
3292:
3280:. Retrieved
3276:the original
3262:
3250:. Retrieved
3246:the original
3239:
3229:
3217:. Retrieved
3213:the original
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3162:
3150:. Retrieved
3146:the original
3136:
3124:
3115:
3094:. Retrieved
3087:the original
3073:
3061:. Retrieved
3047:
3038:
3029:
3017:. Retrieved
2966:
2930:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2894:
2885:
2876:
2864:. Retrieved
2840:
2831:
2822:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2774:
2768:
2759:
2751:
2732:
2725:
2717:
2712:
2700:. Retrieved
2695:
2686:
2621:
2609:
2605:
2582:
2484:
2454:
2431:Genevestraat
2415:Beaulieulaan
2404:
2379:
2362:Aarlenstraat
2351:
2338:Schumanplein
2324:
2299:
2279:
2260:
2230:
2222:
2186:white collar
2183:
2163:
2159:multilingual
2147:
2128:
2105:, a semi-EU
2072:
2037:
1975:
1905:, which the
1900:
1842:
1838:
1823:
1802:Eiffel Tower
1798:Rem Koolhaas
1790:Romano Prodi
1787:
1783:Rail Station
1687:Rue Belliard
1423:Leopold Park
1325:(Committees)
1248:
1196:
1136:Leopold Park
1115:
1113:
1089:
1055:), N6 (S to
1018:
975:
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651:Rue des Sols
613:Aarlenstraat
555:
546:
506:
502:ratification
487:
464:
424:West Germany
405:
355:
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6198:50.84; 4.38
6196: /
5846:Simulations
5703:Intergroups
5479:Secretariat
5341:Joseph Bech
5321:Charlemagne
5295:Translation
5076:Environment
5046:Competition
4477:1656 treaty
4379:(in French)
4335:(in French)
4327:(in French)
4272:29 November
4226:29 November
3905:, EurActive
3636:26 February
3603:26 February
3572:9 September
3195:Demey, 2007
2763:Dotti, 2013
2635:, a bigger
2477:Mini-Europe
2374:Trierstraat
2356:Rue d'Arlon
2267:Siim Kallas
2190:expatriates
2134: [
2103:EUROCONTROL
1846:Charlemagne
1810:Umberto Eco
1757: Other
1547:Frère Orban
1373:Madou Tower
1356:Charlemagne
935:intra muros
740:, in 1971.
723:Hence, the
607:Rue d'Arlon
585:Broekstraat
483:Saarbrücken
412:Netherlands
140:of Brussels
78:within its
6219:Categories
6202: (
5960:Presidency
5879:EuroparlTV
5743:Strasbourg
5474:Rapporteur
5449:Conference
5311:Berlaymont
5024:Policy DGs
4996:Comitology
4833:Koekelberg
4783:Anderlecht
4659:Small Ring
4595:Historical
4581:Parliament
4569:Government
4487:1746 siege
4342:(in Dutch)
4245:. BBC News
4178:28 January
4155:28 January
4033:9 December
4029:. iFrancis
4010:2 December
3984:9 December
3725:2 December
2674:References
2613:city state
2499:See also:
2294:Small Ring
2245:Rebuilding
2175:hotel room
2089:) and the
1536:Marguerite
1514:Palmerston
1444:Luxembourg
1411:Roundabout
1349:Berlaymont
1138:(with the
1033:Maastricht
1010:Düsseldorf
990:Rhine-Ruhr
980:, between
893:Strasbourg
889:Luxembourg
801:Berlaymont
770:Rue Wiertz
725:status quo
694:status quo
517:Presidents
471:Strasbourg
467:Luxembourg
408:Luxembourg
204:Parliament
186:Flemish CC
157:Government
115:World Wars
6126:Buildings
6010:Eurogroup
5953:Operation
5837:Lux Prize
5762:Esplanade
5757:Buildings
5747:Buildings
5539:Elections
5459:President
5331:Euroforum
5304:Buildings
4818:Ganshoren
4803:Etterbeek
4773:, Belgium
4727:Buildings
4621:Transport
4542:reactions
4522:Expo 1958
4517:Expo 1935
4512:Expo 1910
4507:Expo 1897
4202:, EuroBru
4055:23 August
3761:europa.eu
3749:europa.eu
2817:position.
2702:1 January
2488:esplanade
2420:Auderghem
1806:Colosseum
1545:Square du
1471:Jardin du
1243:in front.
1122:; Dutch:
1118:(French:
1104:Charleroi
1014:Frankfurt
1002:Amsterdam
940:diplomats
930:embassies
901:Joe Biden
849:lobbyists
826:, at 45,
809:Edinburgh
715:The 1965
669:congested
488:The 1957
475:hemicycle
361:Periphery
181:French CC
176:Common CC
5753:Brussels
5502:Politics
5469:Quaestor
5351:Missions
5190:Eurostat
4991:Cabinets
4586:Governor
4462:Timeline
4442:Brussels
4364:Archived
4249:31 March
4196:Archived
3899:Archived
3837:Archived
3798:Archived
3775:Archived
3743:Archived
3019:19 April
2991:Archived
2866:19 April
2738:ABC-CLIO
2647:See also
2599:and the
2589:Wallonia
2585:Flanders
2475:and the
2422:and the
2394:car park
2365:and the
2288:and the
2233:May 2017
2161:locals.
2058:and the
1909:and the
1888:and the
1886:DG ECFIN
1882:DG TRADE
1626:Arts-Loi
1581:Maelbeek
1558:de Meeûs
1531:Ambiorix
1473:Maelbeek
1464:Jean Rey
1442:Place du
1150:and the
1096:Zaventem
1069:Koksijde
1057:Maubeuge
994:Randstad
881:de facto
840:asbestos
767:(on the
678:Germanic
632:and the
460:Wallonia
295:CD&V
241:Building
191:Governor
84:official
67:de facto
58:Brussels
24:Brussels
6180:50°50′N
6105:COREPER
5977:Hungary
5971:Belgium
5786:Assizes
5778:History
5683:members
5679:session
5667:members
5663:session
5653:members
5649:session
5639:members
5635:session
5625:members
5621:session
5611:members
5607:session
5597:members
5593:session
5583:members
5579:session
5569:members
5565:session
5555:members
5551:session
5524:Parties
5316:Breydel
4747:Schools
4732:Museums
4675:Symbols
4668:Symbols
3843:29 June
3691:16 July
3433:27 July
3407:27 July
3377:27 July
3282:27 July
3272:Euractv
3252:27 July
3219:27 July
3181:12 June
3152:16 July
3116:E!Sharp
3096:12 July
3063:18 July
2720:section
2633:airport
2574:
2564:
2546:
2529:
2514:
2461:Atomium
2448:on the
2223:updated
2194:Globish
1600:Schuman
1588:Schuman
1409:Schuman
1256:enclave
1006:Cologne
749:Schuman
682:Benelux
253:Parties
125:History
62:Belgium
6183:4°23′E
6143:Europa
5985:Voting
5815:Prizes
5519:Groups
5439:Bureau
5245:Budget
5131:Energy
4298:
3869:
3335:
3305:
3015:. CVCE
2862:. CVCE
2782:
2744:
2718:Status
2637:forest
2595:, the
2572:
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2544:
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2204:Future
2054:. The
1834:UNESCO
1814:server
1794:ghetto
1771:
1763:
1755:
1747:
1739:
1731:
1633:Merode
1556:Square
1534:Square
1529:Square
1512:Square
1462:Place
1323:Delors
1252:future
1073:Ostend
1067:(W to
1053:Rheims
1051:(S to
1041:Aachen
1039:(E to
1031:(E to
1023:(N to
988:, the
986:London
874:Status
628:, the
616:, the
604:, the
600:, the
588:, the
416:France
345:Issues
331:Mayors
300:Groen!
94:, and
5966:Spain
5872:Other
5735:Seats
5509:COSAC
5157:Trade
4966:DG =
4828:Jette
4808:Evere
4715:Lists
4680:Flags
4649:Trams
4629:Metro
4220:(PDF)
4149:(PDF)
4142:(PDF)
4004:(PDF)
3978:(PDF)
3971:(PDF)
3930:(PDF)
3919:(PDF)
3664:7 May
3090:(PDF)
3083:(PDF)
2679:Notes
2631:, an
2471:, an
2436:Evere
2138:]
2115:Haren
1986:Dutch
1619:Madou
1061:Lille
1025:Breda
982:Paris
674:Latin
648:(22,
456:Liège
420:Italy
270:Ecolo
5674:2024
5659:2019
5645:2014
5631:2009
5617:2004
5603:1999
5589:1994
5575:1989
5561:1984
5547:1979
5454:MEPs
5200:OLAF
5195:HERA
5001:EPSO
4296:ISBN
4274:2007
4251:2022
4228:2007
4180:2009
4157:2009
4121:2007
4095:2007
4057:2008
4035:2007
4012:2007
3986:2007
3886:2010
3867:ISBN
3845:2010
3817:2010
3727:2007
3693:2007
3666:2017
3638:2015
3605:2015
3574:2008
3516:2020
3435:2009
3409:2009
3379:2009
3333:ISBN
3303:ISBN
3284:2009
3254:2009
3221:2009
3183:2007
3154:2007
3098:2007
3065:2007
3021:2013
2969:2007
2868:2013
2780:ISBN
2742:ISBN
2704:2015
2587:and
2317:The
2253:The
2093:(in
2038:The
2000:The
1976:The
1958:The
1938:The
1876:The
1860:The
1494:Mall
1227:The
1171:The
1134:and
1085:E411
1004:and
910:NATO
845:NGOs
791:The
703:The
676:and
446:and
422:and
285:sp.a
48:The
30:(EU)
6138:Lex
6115:HDG
6084:SCA
5285:PMO
4340:or
2434:in
2418:in
2097:in
1804:or
1306:Lex
1154:.
1081:E40
1063:),
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305:NVA
280:VLD
275:cdh
112:two
104:GDP
6221::
5681:/
5665:/
5651:/
5637:/
5623:/
5609:/
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