Buddhas of Bamiyan

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fixing the statues, they refused and said, 'No, the money is just for the statues, not for the children'. Herein, they made the decision to destroy the statues"; however, he did not comment on the claim that a foreign museum offered to "buy the Buddhist statues, the money from which could have been used to feed children". Rahmatullah Hashemi added: "If we had wanted to destroy those statues, we could have done it three years ago," referring to the start of U.S. sanctions. "In our religion, if anything is harmless, we just leave it. If money is going to statues while children are dying of malnutrition next door, then that makes it harmful, and we destroy it." Hashemi denied any religious grounds in the justification of the statues' destruction.

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not as easy as people would think. You can't knock down the statues by dynamite or shelling as both of them have been carved in a cliff. They are firmly attached to the mountain." Later, the Taliban placed anti-tank mines at the bottom of the niches, so that when fragments of rock broke off from artillery fire, the statues would receive additional destruction from particles that set off the mines. In the end, the Taliban lowered men down the cliff face and placed explosives into holes in the Buddhas. After one of the explosions failed to obliterate the face of one of the Buddhas, a rocket was launched that left a hole in the remains of the stone head.

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the ceiling, right above the head of the Buddha. Recent dating based on stylistic and historical analysis confirms dates for these mural which follow the carbon-rated dates for the construction of the Buddhas themselves: the murals of the Eastern Buddha have been dated to the 6th to 8th century CE by Klimburg-Salter (1989), and post 635/645 CE by Tanabe (2004). As late as 2002, Marylin Martin Rhie argued a 3rd–4th century date for the Eastern Buddha, based on artistic criteria.

11684: 2150: 543: 12419: 10207: 1911:, where original elements are combined with modern material. It is estimated that roughly half the pieces of the Buddhas can be put back together according to Bert Praxenthaler, a German art historian and sculptor involved in the restoration. The restoration of the caves and Buddhas has also involved training and employing local people as stone carvers. The project, which also aims to encourage tourism to the area, is being organised by UNESCO and the 10218: 2136: 54: 7616: 7603: 1141:). These were mixed with a range of binders, including natural resins, gums (possibly animal skin glue or egg), and oils, probably derived from walnuts or poppies. Specifically, researchers identified drying oils from murals showing Buddhas in vermilion robes sitting cross-legged amid palm leaves and mythical creatures as being painted in the middle of the 7th century. It is believed that they are the oldest known surviving examples of 7593: 1440:, UNESCO sent the Taliban government 36 letters objecting to the proposed destruction. He asserted that the Chinese, Japanese, and Sri Lankan delegates were the most strident advocates for preserving the Buddhas. The Japanese in particular proposed a variety of different solutions to the issue, including moving the statues to Japan, covering the statues from view, and the payment of money. The second edition of the 1528: 225: 1285: 855:, with belted jackets with a unique lapel of their tunic being folded on the right side, the cropped hair, the hair accessories, their distinctive physiognomy and their round beardless faces. These figures must represent the donors and potentates who supported the building of the monumental giant Buddha. The individuals in this painting are very similar to the individuals depicted in 3230:>"A striking parallel to the Balalyk tepe murals is offered by files of donors represented on the right and left walls of the vault of the 34 m Buddha at Bamiyan. (...) The remarkable overall stylistic and iconographic resemblance between the two sets of paintings would argue for their association with the artistic tradition of the Hephthalite ruling classes of 4206: 876: 904: 1859:. Further constructions were halted by order of UNESCO, on the grounds that the work was conducted without the organisation's knowledge or approval. The effort was contrary to UNESCO's policy of using original material for reconstructions, and it has been pointed out that it was done based on assumptions. 782:

Most of the surfaces in the niche housing the Buddha must have been decorated with colourful murals, surrounding the Buddha with many paintings, but only fragments were remaining in modern times. For the 38 meter Eastern Buddha, built between 544 and 595 CE, the main remaining murals were the ones on

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The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor, trans. Wheeler M. Thackston (Washington, DC: Ferrer Gallery of Art/Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, 1996), 406–07; cf. Zahiru'd-Din Muhammed Babur Padshah Ghazi, Babur-nama (Memoirs of Babur), trans. Annette Susannah Beveridge (1922; New Delhi: Oriental

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The work has come under some criticism. It is felt by some, such as human rights activist Abdullah Hamadi, that the empty niches should be left as monuments to the fanaticism of the Taliban, while others believe the money could be better spent on housing and electricity for the region. Some people,

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compound. The Paris conference issued a list of 39 recommendations for the safeguarding of the Bamyan site. These included leaving the larger Western niche empty as a monument to the destruction of the Buddhas, a feasibility study into the rebuilding of the Eastern Buddha, and the construction of a

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and the return of Taliban to the government, tourists were again granted permission to visit the site. While the Taliban promised to preserve the Bamyan valley, preservation work was ceased indefinitely. UNESCO's Afghan operations were stymied, largely due to foreign investors' fears that continued

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Though the figures of the two large Buddhas have been destroyed, their outlines and some features are still recognisable within the recesses. It is also still possible for visitors to explore the monks' caves and passages that connect them. As part of the international effort to rebuild Afghanistan

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The destruction was carried out in stages. Initially, the statues were fired at for several days using anti-aircraft guns and artillery. This caused severe damage, but did not obliterate them. During the destruction, Taliban Information Minister Qudratullah Jamal said that, "The destruction work is

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said that the destruction of the statues was carried out by the Head Council of Scholars after a Swedish monuments expert proposed to restore the statues' heads. Rahmatullah Hashemi is reported as saying: "When the Afghan head council asked them to provide the money to feed the children instead of

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Mullah Omar appointed Maulawi Muhammad Islam of Ru-ye Doab as Bamian governor. As a Tatar from neighbouring Samangan Province, the Maulawi had connections with all the commanders of Bamian from the jihad era. Whatever his other sins, Bamian was also a part of Maulawi Islam's heritage. His deputies

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performed. The Buddha popularly called "Solsol" measured 55 meters tall, and "Shahmama" 38 meters. The niches in which the figures stood are 58 and 38 meters respectively from bottom to top. Before being blown up in 2001, they were the largest examples of standing Buddha carvings in the world (the

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as a flourishing Buddhist center "with more than ten monasteries and more than a thousand monks". He also noted that both Buddha figures were "decorated with gold and fine jewels" (Wriggins, 1995). Intriguingly, Xuanzang mentions a third, even larger, reclining statue of the Buddha. A monumental

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in 2002, said that he and some other locals were forced to help destroy the statues. He also claimed that Pakistani and Arab engineers were involved in the destruction. Mullah Omar, during the destruction, was quoted as saying, "What are you complaining about? We are only waging war on stones".

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stated that the destruction was anything but a retaliation against the international community for economic sanctions: "We are destroying the statues in accordance with Islamic law and it is purely a religious issue." A statement issued by the ministry of religious affairs of the Taliban regime

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Other people blew off the head of the smaller Buddha using dynamite, aimed rockets at the larger Buddha's groin, and burnt tires at the latter's head. In July 1999, Omar decreed in favour of preserving the statues, and described plans to establish a tourism circuit. In early 2000, local Taliban

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I did not want to destroy the Bamiyan Buddha. In fact, some foreigners came to me and said they would like to conduct the repair work of the Bamiyan Buddha that had been slightly damaged due to rains. This shocked me. I thought, these callous people have no regard for thousands of living human

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On 1 March 2001, the Taliban announced that all statues depicting humans in Afghanistan would be destroyed. Work to destroy the Buddhas began the next day, on 2 March, and continued for several weeks. Various theories have sought to explain what prompted Taliban leader Mullah Omar to order the

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After the destruction of the Buddhas, 50 more caves were revealed. In 12 of the caves, wall paintings were discovered. In December 2004, an international team of researchers stated that the wall paintings at Bamyan were painted between the 5th and the 9th centuries, rather than the 6th to 8th

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concept of "cultural heritage". The UNESCO Director-General Kōichirō Matsuura called the destruction a "...crime against culture. It is abominable to witness the cold and calculated destruction of cultural properties which were the heritage of the Afghan people, and, indeed, of the whole of

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In the summer of 2006, Afghan officials were deciding on the timetable for the re-construction of the statues. As they waited for the Afghan government and international community to decide when to rebuild them, a $ 1.3 million UNESCO-funded project was sorting out the chunks of clay and

561:, with narrow dates of between 544 and 595 CE for the 38-meter Eastern Buddha, and between 591 and 644 CE for the larger Western Buddha. Recent scholarship has also been giving broadly similar dates based on stylistic and historical analysis, although the similarities with the 1824:

Since 2002, international funding has supported recovery and stabilisation efforts at the site. Fragments of the statues are documented and stored with special attention given to securing the structure of the statue still in place. It is hoped that, in the future, partial

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beings—the Afghans who are dying of hunger, but they are so concerned about non-living objects like the Buddha. This was extremely deplorable. That is why I ordered its destruction. Had they come for humanitarian work, I would have never ordered the Buddha's destruction.

1866:-size 3D light projection of an artist's view of what the larger Buddha, known as Solsol to locals, might have looked like in its prime. The image was beamed into the niche one night in 2015; later the couple donated their $ 120,000 projector to the culture ministry. 284:

of the structural components of the Buddhas has determined that the smaller 38 m (125 ft) "Eastern Buddha" was built around 570 CE, and the larger 55 m (180 ft) "Western Buddha" was built around 618 CE, which would date both to the time when the

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The Buddhas are surrounded by numerous caves and surfaces decorated with paintings. It is thought that the period of florescence was from the 6th to 8th century CE, until the onset of Islamic invasions. These works of art are considered as an artistic synthesis of

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There is additional speculation that the destruction may have been influenced by al-Qaeda in order to further isolate the Taliban from the international community, thus tightening relations between the two; however, the evidence is circumstantial.

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projection technology. The projector used for the installation, worth approximately $ 120,000, was donated by Zhang and Liang, who were saddened by the destruction of the statues. With the desire of paying tribute, they requested permission from

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Despite the Buddhas's destruction, the ruins continue to be a popular culture landmark, bolstered by increasing domestic and international tourism to the Bamyan Valley. The area around the ruins has since been used for the traditional game of

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Among the most famous paintings of the Buddhas of Bamiyan, the ceiling of the smaller Eastern Buddha represents a solar deity on a chariot pulled by horses, as well as ceremonial scenes with royal figures and devotees. The god is wearing a

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The destruction of the Bamiyan Buddhas despite protests from the international community has been described by Michael Falser, a heritage expert at the Center for Transcultural Studies in Germany, as an attack by the Taliban against the

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Historic documentation refers to celebrations held every year attracting numerous pilgrims, with offers being made to the monumental statues. They were perhaps the most famous cultural landmarks of the region, and the site was listed by

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In Sri Lanka, a full-scale replica has been created, which is now known as the Tsunami Honganji Viharaya at Pareliya. It is dedicated to the victims of the 2005 tsunami in the presence of Mahinda Rajapaksha. It was funded by Japan's

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Abdul Wahed, a local Taliban commander who had long before announced his intentions to obliterate the Buddhas, drilled holes in the Buddhas' heads into which he planned to load explosives. He was prevented from proceeding by

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Eastern Buddha: 549–579 CE (1 σ range, 68.2% probability) 544–595 CE (2 σ range, 95.4% probability). Western Buddha: 605–633 CE (1 σ range, 68.2%) 591–644 CE (2 σ range, 95.4% probability). In Blänsdorf et al.

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offered to arrange for the transfer of all the artifacts in question to India, "where they would be kept safely and preserved for all mankind". These overtures were rejected by the Taliban. Pakistani president

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A few murals also remained around the taller 55 meter Western Buddha on the ceiling and on the sides. Many are more conventionally Buddhist in character. Some of the later mural paintings show male devotees in

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tried to use heavy artillery to destroy the statues. The legs of the Buddhas were broken because of Aurangzeb's action. Another attempt to destroy the Bamiyan statues was made by the 18th century Persian king

11283: 1800:, Taliban governor of Bamyan province at the time of the destruction and widely seen as responsible for its occurrence, was elected to the Afghan Parliament. He blamed the decision to destroy the Buddhas on 4296:

Proceedings of the International Conference of the ICOMOS International Scientific Committee for the Theory and the Philosophy of Conservation and Restoration. 6–8 March 2009 Florence, Italy. Firenze 2011:

2070:'s hit 2015 song "Yaar-e Bamyani" was also shot by the ruins. The statues inspired Islamic writers in historical times. The larger statue appears as the malevolent giant Salsal in medieval Turkish tales. 1878:

support of cultural preservation projects in the country would run afoul of international sanctions. In February 2023, UNESCO's restoration work resumed when the Italian government approved new funding.

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contained an article on Buddhism, and described the destruction of the Buddhas of Bamyan despite attempts by the Japanese government of "infidels" to preserve the remains of the statues. The exiled

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centuries, citing their analysis of radioactive isotopes contained in straw fibers found beneath the paintings. It is believed that the paintings were done by artists travelling on the Silk Road.

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Books Reprint Corporation, 1979), 608–13. Beveridge notes that Babur's destruction amounted to cutting off the heads of the idols, which were restored with plaster by the Jains in the locality.

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The Buddhas had been surrounded by numerous caves and surfaces decorated with paintings. It is thought that these mostly dated from the 6th to 8th centuries CE and had come to an end with the

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Sun God in tunic and boots, on a charriot pulled by two horses. Vault of the 38 meter Buddha (now destroyed). This image of the Sun God is framed by two rows of King, dignitaries and Buddhas.

1400:, three countries that officially recognised the Taliban government—joined the protest to spare the monuments. Saudi Arabia and the UAE later condemned the destruction as "savage". Although 11343: 3475: 1971:, which is the same height as the smaller of the two Bamiyan Buddhas. It was funded by a Chinese businessman, Liang Simian. The project appears to have been given up for unknown reasons. 1833:

constructed scaffolding within the niche to further conservation and stabilization. Nonetheless, several serious conservation and safety issues exist and the Buddhas are still listed as

1145:, possibly predating oil painting in Europe by as much as six centuries. The discovery may lead to a reassessment of works in ancient ruins in Iran, China, Pakistan, Turkey, and India. 5476: 11397: 10997: 4559: 12598: 3061:"The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India) 2012-2013 exhibit: 14. Kabulistan and Bactria at the Time of 'Khorasan Tegin Shah'" 1074: 472:

mountain region in the Bamiyan Valley. The Silk Road has been historically a caravan route linking the markets of China with those of the Western world. It was the site of several

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shows the destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan and an archaeological team's subsequent attempts to salvage the remains where they discover a fictional treasure belonging to

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giving an unambiguous signal for the intentional use of drying oils rather than contaminants. Oils were discovered underneath layers of paint, unlike surface contaminants.

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Initial suspicion that the oils might be attributable to contamination from fingers, as the touching of the painting is encouraged in Buddhist tradition, was dispelled by

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Mural of the Sun God riding his golden chariot and rows of royal donors along the sides, over the head of the smaller 38 meter Eastern Buddha (carbon-dated to 544–595 CE).

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Panorama of the northern cliff of the Valley of Bamyan, with the Western and Eastern Buddhas at each end (before destruction), surrounded by a multitude of Buddhist caves.

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on the statues, the international reactions to their destruction, and an overview of the controversy, released in March 2006. Testimony by local Afghans validates that

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After the Destruction of Giant Buddha Statues in Bamiyan (Afghanistan) in 2001: A UNESCO's Emergency Activity for the Recovering and Rehabilitation of Cliff and Niches

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After the Destruction of Giant Buddha Statues in Bamiyan (Afghanistan) in 2001: A UNESCO's Emergency Activity for the Recovering and Rehabilitation of Cliff and Niches

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After the Destruction of Giant Buddha Statues in Bamiyan (Afghanistan) in 2001: A UNESCO's Emergency Activity for the Recovering and Rehabilitation of Cliff and Niches

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Early Buddhist Art of China and Central Asia, Volume 2 The Eastern Chin and Sixteen Kingdoms Period in China and Tumshuk, Kucha and Karashahr in Central Asia (2 vols)

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Haider quoted a verse from the Koran that said Muslims should not slander the gods of other religions. ... He cited many cases in history, especially in

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with a feather, and holding a shield. In the top portion are wind gods, flying with a scarf held in both hands. This composition is unique, and distinct from

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in small caves carved into the side of the Bamyan cliffs. Most of these monks embellished their caves with religious statuary and elaborate, brightly colored

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including Habiba Sarabi, the provincial governor, believe that rebuilding the Buddhas would increase tourism, which would aid the surrounding communities.

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After fourteen years, on 7 June 2015, a Chinese adventurist couple Zhang Xinyu and Liang Hong filled the empty cavities where the Buddhas once stood with

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described to me how, when they saw what Abdul Wahed was doing, they contacted Mullah Omar in Kandahar and he gave the order to stop further drilling.

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The central image of the Sun God on his golden chariot is framed by two lateral rows of individuals: kings and dignitaries mingling with Buddhas and

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However, the press release picked up by media, clearly misdates the earliest uses of oil paint in Europe, which is fully described in a treatise by

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held that the destruction of the Buddhas was finally ordered by Abdul Wali, the Minister for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice.

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Falser, Michael. "The Bamiyan Buddhas, performative iconoclasm and the 'image' of heritage". In: Giometti, Simone; Tomaszewski, Andrzej (eds.):

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destruction of the statues, further complicated by seemingly shifting narratives of the events as relayed by Omar and senior Taliban officials.

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called the destruction a "national tragedy" and pledged the Buddhas to be rebuilt. He later called the reconstruction a "cultural imperative".

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of 1100–1120, and may date back to the Ancient Romans. See: Rutherford John Gettens, George Leslie Stout, 1966, Courier Dover Publications,

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The UNESCO Expert Working Group on Afghan cultural projects convened to discuss what to do about the two statues between 3–4 March 2011 in

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The Taliban's intention to destroy the statues, caused a wave of international horror and protest. According to UNESCO Director-General

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briefly ordered the use of artillery to destroy the statues, causing some damage, though the Buddhas survived without any major harm.

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The destruction of the Buddhas of Bamyan inspired attempts to construct replicas of the Bamyan Buddhas. These include the following.

640: 591: 65: 2637: 2483: 1254:, and the Bamyan valley was entirely surrounded by Taliban. The town was captured on 13 September 1998 after a successful blockade. 375:

invaded the Bamiyan Valley, wiping out most of its population but leaving the Bamiyan Buddhas undamaged. Later in the 17th century,

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plaster—ranging from boulders weighing several tons to fragments the size of tennis balls—and sheltering them from the elements.

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to Kabul to meet with Omar and try to prevent the destruction, arguing that it was un-Islamic and unprecedented. As recounted by

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authorities asked for the UN's assistance to rebuild drainage ditches around the tops of the alcoves where the Buddhas were set.

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The Bamiyan Buddhas were built at the time of the Hephthalites. Several of the figures have the characteristic appearance of the

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along with the surrounding cultural landscape and archaeological remains of the Bamyan Valley. Their colour faded through time.

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quoted Omar as stating "Muslims should be proud of smashing idols. It has given praise to Allah that we have destroyed them."

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Petzet, Michael (2010). "Safeguarding the Buddhas of Bamiyan". In Christoph Machat, Michael Petzet and John Ziesemer (Eds.),

4279: 4216: 4039: 3891: 3383: 3324: 3247: 3210: 3172: 3145: 3101: 3038: 2807: 2675: 2555: 2455: 2399: 1928: 1886: 1344: 5282:; R. Sengupta (2008). A Report on the Preservation of Buddhist Monuments at Bamiyan in Afghanistan. Islamic Wonders Bureau. 5099: 4592: 4457: 12233: 11822: 11318: 10943: 7910: 7752: 7331: 5310: 5051: 4896: 4560:"Organisation says actions of German archaeologists who have partially rebuilt one of the statues 'border on the criminal'" 4540: 11203: 10886: 10087: 7117: 6930: 5555: 5488: 4477: 2220: 2077:

visited the Buddhas during a royal state visit to Afghanistan with her husband. Upon her return to Japan, she composed a

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In 2013, the foot section of the smaller Buddha was rebuilt with iron rods, bricks and concrete by the German branch of

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determined that the Western Buddha was built around 591–644 CE and that the Eastern Buddha was built around 544–595 CE.

10553: 4130:"General Assembly 'Appalled' By Edict on Destruction of Afghan Shrines; Strongly Urges Taliban To Halt Implementation" 3681: 3573:"Ancient Buddhist Paintings From Bamyan Were Made of Oil, Hundreds of Years Before Technique Was 'Invented' In Europe" 1786:, the two larger Buddhas. The local residents of Bamyan have also expressed their favour in restoring the structures. 12395: 11447: 11128: 10828: 10611: 10588: 10466: 7830: 7223: 7213: 6336: 5330: 5161: 4189: 4177:

Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001

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Leshan – The disappearance of a kitsch replica in "The Giant Buddhas, Documentary", Switzerland 2005, Christian Frei

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central museum and several smaller site museums. Work has since begun on restoring the Buddhas using the process of

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in the 19th century destroyed the upper part of the face of the larger figure during a military campaign against a

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Later mural paintings of Bamiyan, dated to the 7th–8th centuries CE, display a variety of male devotees in double-

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provides a fictional backdrop to the destruction of the Buddhas and its impact on the global Buddhist community.

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of organic internal structural components found in the rubble has determined that the two Buddhas were built

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in 770 CE. It became again Buddhist from 870 CE until the final Islamic conquest of 977 CE under the Turkic

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Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus.

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Mapping of the 38 meter smaller Eastern Buddha, dated to 591–644 CE, and its surrounding caves and chapels.

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and northern Afghanistan. Bamiyan had been a Buddhist religious site from the 2nd century CE under the

38: 9082: 5235: 4974: 4941: 3822: 3346: 441: 12548: 12468: 11769: 11708: 11452: 10328: 10082: 9895: 9885: 9757: 8740: 8320: 8081: 8056: 7193: 6421: 5715: 5279: 3948: 1742: 1628: 1336: 1020:. The works of art show a sophistication and cosmopolitanism comparable to other works of art of the 8106: 3294: 12583: 12498: 11815: 11635: 11589: 10388: 10338: 10333: 10187: 9539: 9353: 9331: 9324: 9227: 8760: 8380: 8196: 8141: 7762: 7568: 7041: 6868: 6441: 6155: 6145: 6140: 5735: 5725: 5690: 3313:

Azarpay, Guitty; Belenickij, Aleksandr M.; Maršak, Boris Il'ič; Dresden, Mark J. (1 January 1981).

2531: 2180: 1834: 324:("the light shines through the universe") and was referred as a male. The smaller statue is called 139: 1182:, "a terrible disaster befell Bamiyan". Nevertheless, the statues were spared. The Mughal founder 12503: 11880: 11845: 10451: 10403: 10124: 10104: 9435: 9415: 9172: 8902: 8146: 7544: 7380: 6965: 6853: 6730: 6635: 6479: 6361: 5770: 5720: 5571: 4307: 3604: 3572: 3236:

Azarpay, Guitty; Belenickij, Aleksandr M.; Maršak, Boris Il'ič; Dresden, Mark J. (January 1981).

2921: 2175: 1590: 1441: 423: 294: 265: 12264: 12218: 3450: 2852: 12488: 12245: 11540: 10921: 10916: 10772: 10714: 10471: 10293: 10134: 9974: 9642: 9612: 9385: 9336: 9177: 9125: 9120: 8882: 8703: 8600: 8352: 8347: 8096: 7487: 7051: 7001: 6945: 6705: 5730: 5665: 5400: 4619: 1870: 1821:

ordered the destruction and that, initially, Mullah Omar and the Afghans in Bamyan opposed it.

1480:, who was Afghanistan's chief archeologist in the 1970s, called it an "unacceptable decision". 1381: 1163: 1033: 8464: 5429: 5173: 3883: 3373: 3162: 3028: 2389: 1222: 12513: 12340: 12287: 11971: 11293: 10802: 10631: 10581: 10408: 10393: 10348: 10283: 10139: 10109: 9690: 9622: 9455: 9370: 9365: 9289: 9284: 9202: 7732: 7412: 6780: 6755: 6665: 6296: 6130: 5125: 4517: 4034:. Robert D. Crews, Amin Tarzi. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 305–306. 3637: 3542: 3314: 3281: 3237: 3200: 3135: 2797: 2498: 2445: 1955: 1845: 1325: 476:, and a thriving center for religion, philosophy, and art. Monks at the monasteries lived as 8755: 5419: 4233:"Japan offered to hide Bamiyan statues, but Taliban asked Japan to convert to Islam instead" 3091: 2585: 1292: 12427: 12372: 12272: 12175: 11910: 11905: 10926: 10876: 10418: 10278: 10162: 10129: 10114: 9632: 9529: 9475: 9360: 9299: 9267: 9262: 9247: 9232: 9222: 9187: 9100: 8792: 8715: 8018: 7958: 7707: 7674: 7624: 6715: 6562: 6097: 5895: 3914: 3531: 1849: 1397: 473: 341: 10002: 8617: 8486: 8412: 8288: 8026: 5457:

Japan offered to hide Bamiyan statues, but Taliban asked Japan to convert to Islam instead

1902:

announced he believed it would be possible to restore the smaller statue using an organic

8: 12543: 11946: 11808: 11032: 11012: 10871: 10843: 10797: 10692: 10687: 10655: 10523: 10368: 9969: 9848: 9682: 9657: 9647: 9607: 9584: 9467: 9440: 9400: 9319: 9309: 9237: 9164: 8595: 8452: 8233: 8211: 8163: 7983: 7783: 7639: 7619: 6955: 6889: 6745: 6170: 6160: 5890: 5815: 4154:

eds Alex Strick van Linschoten and Felix Kuehn, p. 120, C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd,

4129: 2846:"Computer Reconstruction and Modeling of the Great Buddha Statue in Bamiyan, Afghanistan" 2641: 1771: 1517: 1508: 1473: 1333: 983:

Bodhisattva, ceiling of the niche of the Great Western Buddha, early 7th century, Bamiyan

836: 574: 536: 7943: 7870: 4929: 4357:""An attempt to wipe out history": The destruction of the Bamian Buddha colossi in 2001" 2900: 12553: 12538: 12422: 12293: 12197: 12038: 11900: 11673: 11193: 10906: 10787: 10747: 10660: 10481: 10456: 10032: 9937: 9779: 9742: 9737: 9667: 9617: 9564: 9559: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9410: 9395: 9380: 9375: 9314: 9294: 9257: 9182: 8987: 8688: 8612: 8490: 8432: 8273: 8173: 8101: 8076: 7722: 7652: 7512: 7467: 7392: 7370: 7243: 7107: 7056: 6858: 6640: 6625: 6582: 6537: 6401: 6190: 5976: 5865: 5825: 5750: 5595: 4654: 4512: 4107: 3979: 3876: 2756: 2190: 2155: 1462: 1364: 1065: 313: 281: 82: 10492: 9831: 5331:"Bamiyan Ten Years On: What this Anniversary tells us about the New Global Iconoclasm" 4908: 3910: 3852: 3844: 1862:

In 2015, a wealthy Chinese couple, Janson Hu and Liyan Yu, financed the creation of a

12325: 12317: 12307: 12251: 11941: 11895: 11779: 11764: 11759: 11102: 10992: 10702: 10665: 10538: 10398: 10323: 10210: 10172: 9868: 9853: 9816: 9801: 9574: 9490: 9405: 9242: 9207: 9192: 8919: 8909: 8590: 8437: 8422: 8293: 8216: 8136: 8071: 8003: 7890: 7647: 7507: 6994: 6960: 6069: 5911: 5885: 5880: 5780: 5765: 5655: 5650: 5620: 5600: 5340: 5283: 5157: 5027:"Sarnath set to scale heights - 100-foot buddha statue being built in gandhara style" 4727: 4564: 4212: 4185: 4155: 4045: 4035: 3887: 3856: 3535: 3379: 3320: 3243: 3206: 3168: 3141: 3097: 3034: 2959: 2803: 2775: 2748: 2671: 2504: 2451: 2395: 1940: 1863: 1813: 1713: 1703: 1693: 1437: 1358: 1247: 1199: 1186:

wrote in September 1528 that he ordered both be destroyed. Later, the Mughal emperor

1101: 809: 516: 508: 368: 344:. It is believed that the upper parts of their faces consisted of huge wooden masks. 9154: 7948: 7848: 5230: 1967:

In 2001 in China, carving of a 37 metres (121 ft) high Buddha was initiated in

670:

Possible reconstitution of the original appearance of the Western Buddha (Vairocana)

12558: 12380: 12023: 11961: 11890: 11860: 11850: 11658: 11648: 11570: 10966: 10856: 10650: 10574: 10476: 10383: 9858: 9811: 9806: 9662: 9627: 9602: 9597: 9348: 9304: 9217: 8892: 8548: 8541: 8325: 8315: 8201: 7865: 7737: 7091: 7031: 6950: 6878: 6499: 6386: 6195: 6180: 6029: 5875: 5835: 5790: 5775: 3878:

American Taliban: How War, Sex, Sin, and Power Bind Jihadists and the Radical Right

3733: 3612: 2740: 2106: 1493: 1477: 1417: 1410: 1320: 863:. They participate "to the artistic tradition of the Hephthalite ruling classes of 710: 407: 399: 8937: 5443: 4541:"Heritage at Risk: ICOMOS World Report 2008–2010 on Monuments and Sites in Danger" 4002: 2744: 2559: 12402: 12300: 12211: 11663: 11653: 11643: 11612: 11545: 10987: 10752: 10719: 10461: 10433: 10423: 10288: 10222: 10167: 10119: 10047: 9917: 9715: 9695: 9637: 9549: 9212: 9110: 8957: 8693: 8676: 8661: 8639: 8191: 8061: 7895: 7875: 7528: 7522: 6940: 6883: 6823: 6813: 6775: 6517: 6210: 6009: 5966: 5948: 5785: 5755: 5660: 5635: 5590: 5504: 5414: 5103: 4650:"2 Giant Buddhas Survived 1,500 Years. Fragments, Graffiti and a Hologram Remain" 4462: 2833: 2141: 2097: 2074: 1818: 1698: 1613: 1449: 1170:

that spelled out the basic belief of Buddhism and said all things are transient.

1134: 922:

and single-crescent crown, in the lateral row of dignitaries next to the Sun God.

718: 714: 706: 597: 562: 522:

The two most prominent statues were the giant standing sculptures of the Buddhas

411: 403: 337: 249: 99: 11088: 8967: 8121: 8111: 5314: 4395: 2825:

Research of state and stability of the rock niches of the Buddhas of Bamiyan in

1052:

Bodhisattva Maitreya, ceiling of the cave E, late 7th early 8th century, Bamiyan

999:, left wall of the niche of the Western Buddha. He has also been described as a 12388: 12354: 11992: 11956: 11915: 11774: 11754: 11668: 11435: 11358: 11037: 10729: 10626: 10543: 10363: 10270: 10177: 9880: 9730: 9512: 9092: 9072: 8992: 8681: 8671: 8605: 8442: 7928: 7791: 7549: 7502: 7472: 7462: 7346: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7112: 7066: 7061: 7046: 6900: 6863: 6685: 6620: 6494: 6346: 6331: 6301: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6019: 5870: 5860: 5820: 5605: 5273: 4749: 4625: 2205: 1987: 1943:

to do the project. About 150 local people came out to see the unveiling of the

1808: 1465:, leader of the anti-Taliban resistance force, also condemned the destruction. 1263: 1159:

Scientists also found the translation of the beginning section of the original

1153: 1138: 5493: 328:("Queen Mother") and is identified as a female figure. Technically, both were 12442: 12280: 12226: 12187: 12119: 12109: 11870: 11789: 11713: 11560: 11430: 11273: 11002: 10670: 9947: 9796: 9105: 9007: 8865: 8666: 8644: 8580: 8251: 8046: 8041: 7933: 7602: 7534: 7482: 7437: 7208: 7203: 7158: 7071: 6895: 6848: 6740: 6572: 6557: 6489: 6248: 6014: 5986: 5971: 5931: 5830: 5685: 5670: 5625: 5349: 4181: 4049: 3860: 2752: 2085: 2067: 1648: 1618: 1029: 551: 428: 257: 195: 182: 10233: 8405: 8395: 7767: 5380: 2776:"Photogrammetric Reconstruction of the Great Buddha of Bamiyan, Afghanistan" 2124:

writes an imaginary account of how the Buddhas were commissioned and built.

1804:'s influence on the Taliban. In January 2007, he was assassinated in Kabul. 12159: 11951: 11622: 11550: 11507: 10697: 10373: 10353: 10308: 10037: 10022: 9992: 9942: 9932: 9774: 9569: 9062: 8897: 8775: 8563: 8558: 8385: 8256: 8131: 7592: 7422: 7417: 7326: 7316: 7301: 7263: 7153: 6818: 6785: 6765: 6670: 6577: 6532: 6509: 6426: 6321: 6238: 6228: 6120: 5855: 5850: 5840: 5800: 5740: 5705: 5630: 5371: 5308:, monographic series "Mediterraneum", vol. 6, Naples 2007, Massa Publisher 4597: 3847:(December 2016). "End the International Destruction of Cultural Heritage". 3685: 1790: 1728: 1638: 1608: 1393: 1243: 1179: 1149: 1142: 1080:

Devotee in double-lapel caftan, next to the Buddha. Cave G, Bamyan (detail)

856: 848: 698: 492: 391: 372: 286: 10358: 8820: 8805: 8765: 8462: 8126: 7702: 5540: 4029: 3616: 312:

The statues represented a later evolution of the classic blended style of

12333: 11733: 11027: 10861: 10851: 10682: 10677: 10621: 10527: 10298: 10007: 9836: 8977: 8962: 8745: 8553: 8481: 8261: 8091: 7993: 7840: 7712: 7517: 7497: 7432: 7427: 7375: 7362: 7278: 7188: 7086: 7081: 7076: 6910: 6843: 6795: 6760: 6735: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6680: 6675: 6630: 6610: 6602: 6431: 6416: 6366: 6356: 6311: 6268: 6044: 6039: 6004: 5805: 5760: 5700: 4876:"Afghanistan Buddha Statues Destroyed by Taliban Reimagined as Holograms" 4723:"Italy throws Afghanistan a lifeline for restoration in the Bamiyan area" 3944: 3367: 3231: 1944: 1931: 1908: 1826: 1783: 1678: 1673: 1457: 1259: 1025: 1000: 915: 898:

style, in the niche of the 38 meters Buddha, next to the Sun God, Bamyan.

864: 860: 852: 832: 821: 542: 496: 450: 446: 306: 273: 128: 11683: 10428: 9997: 8457: 5126:"Newsletter for the Embassy of Afghanistan in Japan (Volume 1, Issue 1)" 4776:"Expert Working Group releases recommendations for Safeguarding Bamiyan" 1774:

and several other organisations—among them the Afghanistan Institute in

959:

Paintings of celestial beings in the niche of the 55 meter large Buddha.

596:

seated Buddha, similar in style to those at Bamyan, still exists in the

12181: 12134: 12063: 11855: 11723: 11565: 11555: 11047: 10413: 10318: 9952: 9910: 9786: 9592: 9517: 9131: 9115: 9077: 9057: 8952: 8927: 8835: 8770: 8750: 8496: 8427: 8298: 8181: 8151: 8086: 8036: 7694: 7684: 7657: 7351: 7273: 7168: 7163: 6790: 6615: 6547: 6542: 6469: 6451: 6411: 6396: 6376: 6341: 6326: 6288: 6278: 6263: 6253: 6220: 6107: 6034: 5810: 5710: 5640: 4696:"Taliban make ancient Buddhas they destroyed into a tourist attraction" 4294:

The Image of Heritage. Changing Perception, Permanent Responsibilities.

4176: 4171: 2419:"Taliban make ancient Buddhas they destroyed into a tourist attraction" 2195: 2121: 2102: 1779: 1718: 1547: 1421: 1231: 1192: 911: 469: 8972: 7968: 5994: 4775: 4670:"Chinese couple bring destroyed Bamiyan Buddha statue back to 'light'" 3734:"BBC News | South Asia | Taleban take opposition stronghold" 2760: 2728: 2668:

Flight of Deities and Rebirth of Temples: Episodes from Indian History

390:. The smaller works of art are considered as an artistic synthesis of 12191: 12144: 12114: 12088: 12028: 11831: 11784: 11728: 11168: 11042: 9927: 9900: 9067: 8942: 8654: 8570: 8447: 8337: 8310: 8303: 8266: 8223: 8186: 7953: 7918: 7885: 7860: 7815: 7407: 7258: 7233: 6710: 6660: 6592: 6527: 6474: 6464: 6436: 6371: 6316: 6306: 6243: 6233: 6079: 5956: 5916: 5845: 5695: 5216: 5212:"'Ram Setu' movie review: A bridge too far to cross for Akshay Kumar" 4261:. No. السنة الأولى: العدد الثاني. pp. 46–49. Archived from 3423:

The Art of Central Asia (Art of the World) | Central Asia | Silk Road

2901:"Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley" 2878: 2185: 2078: 1976: 1775: 1683: 1658: 1585: 1542: 1405: 1311: 1242:, the area around the Buddhas was initially under the control of the 1187: 1021: 702: 527: 523: 465: 395: 380: 356: 298: 9700: 8536: 8390: 8156: 7938: 7807: 7799: 2279:"Dating of the Buddha Statues – AMS 14C Dating of Organic Materials" 53: 12124: 11885: 11875: 11022: 11007: 10866: 10737: 10217: 10057: 10012: 9957: 9922: 9826: 9485: 9052: 9047: 8997: 8932: 8850: 8815: 8810: 8471: 8342: 8330: 8241: 7900: 7597: 7144: 7017: 6770: 6750: 6351: 6175: 6089: 6024: 5795: 5423: 4593:"Disputes damage hopes of rebuilding Afghanistan's Bamiyan Buddhas" 4458:"Disputes damage hopes of rebuilding Afghanistan's Bamiyan Buddhas" 2879:"Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area" 2689: 2687: 2135: 2110: 2063: 1801: 1723: 1688: 1580: 1389: 1329:

justified the destruction as being in accordance with Islamic law.

1167: 1160: 1126: 895: 825: 813: 586: 512: 485: 352: 317: 11581: 11398:

List of buildings damaged or destroyed in the September 11 attacks

11284:

Damage to heritage sites in the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip

10539:

Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamyan Valley

9042: 9032: 9017: 8840: 8710: 7978: 5517: 4850:"Afghanistan: Buddhas of Bamiyan resurrected as laser projections" 110:

Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamyan Valley

12129: 12043: 12033: 11094: 10807: 10597: 10443: 9962: 9905: 9890: 9037: 9027: 9002: 8877: 8872: 8830: 8800: 8732: 8698: 8585: 8526: 8521: 8375: 8278: 8116: 8066: 7853: 7679: 7402: 7397: 7321: 7311: 7306: 7268: 7253: 6650: 6645: 6587: 6522: 6406: 6391: 6258: 6135: 6125: 6074: 5680: 3451:"Some information related to the Art History of the Hephthalites" 3403:"Lost, Stolen, and Damaged Images: The Buddhist Caves of Bamiyan" 3234:

that survived the downfall of Hephthalite power in A.D. 577" in "

1994: 1968: 1903: 1668: 1663: 1653: 1633: 1623: 1557: 1552: 1369: 1203: 1130: 797: 500: 376: 364: 360: 348: 305:

following an order given on February 26, 2001, by Taliban leader

302: 78: 8649: 8417: 2814:

The Great Buddhas of Bamiyan were erected under the Hephthalites

2684: 2051:

The landscape of the archaeological Remains of the Bamyan Valley

565:

had generally encouraged an earlier dating in older literature.

12149: 12083: 12078: 12068: 12002: 11966: 11920: 11865: 11627: 11017: 10042: 10027: 9863: 9725: 9705: 9480: 9142: 9022: 9012: 8947: 8575: 8531: 8516: 8506: 8476: 8400: 8283: 8051: 7923: 7667: 7662: 7296: 7288: 6552: 6484: 6115: 6049: 5961: 5675: 5513:

Researchers Say They Can Restore 1 of Destroyed Bamiyan Buddhas

1936: 1922: 1856: 1830: 1708: 1575: 1527: 1017: 996: 944: 919: 805: 801: 793: 570: 531: 504: 491:

The Great Buddhas of Bamiyan were built circa 600 CE under the

481: 477: 445:

The Buddhas of Bamiyan were commissioned under the rule of the

333: 329: 269: 11376:

Churches destroyed in the Great Fire of London and not rebuilt

3312: 3235: 589:

visited the site on 30 April 630, and described Bamyan in the

77:

Pictures of the two Buddhas before they were destroyed by the

12154: 12139: 12104: 12053: 11997: 11925: 10792: 10182: 10017: 9875: 9841: 9821: 9791: 9720: 9137: 8982: 8860: 8855: 8825: 8780: 8627: 8622: 8501: 8206: 8031: 7998: 7988: 6381: 6273: 6200: 6150: 5999: 5645: 5489:

The World Monuments Fund's Watch List 2008 listing for Bamyan

4100:"Over World Protests, Taliban Are Destroying Ancient Buddhas" 3476:"Scientists discover first-ever oil paintings in Afghanistan" 2827:"Completed Research Results of Military University of Munich" 1980: 1895: 1429: 1401: 1218:

Taller, 55 meter Buddha in 1963 and in 2008 after destruction

1183: 1014: 941: 817: 601: 301:. However, in March 2001, both statues were destroyed by the 277: 11800: 4802:"Stone carvers defy Taliban to return to the Bamiyan valley" 1997:

in India in 2011. It stands within the Thai Buddhist Vihara.

1384:, a meeting of ambassadors from the 54 member states of the 1284: 12257: 12073: 12058: 12048: 12018: 11987: 10052: 8845: 8511: 8008: 6986: 6805: 6567: 5615: 5485:

Community Portal for cultural heritage management of Bamyan

5338:

L'architecture et le décors rupestre des grottes de Bamiyan

2952:

Pacific World, Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies

1469: 628:

Local men standing near the larger "Salsal" Buddha statue,

10566: 3271:"The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis" 1844:

The Buddhist remnants at Bamyan were included on the 2008

495:, who at the time ruled as principalities in the areas of 276:. Located 130 kilometres (81 mi) to the northwest of 11098: 9710: 8246: 4558:

Martini, Alessandro; Rivetti, Ermanno (6 February 2014).

4412:

Bergen, Peter. "The Osama bin Laden I Know", 2006. p. 271

3140:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 12–13. 2039:

View of the rock where monasteries and Buddhas are carved

367:

conquests of 770 CE, and finally coming under the Turkic

12599:

Former religious buildings and structures in Afghanistan

4249: 3205:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 8–15. 3096:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 9–10. 3030:

Sasanian Persia: Between Rome and the Steppes of Eurasia

2876: 1829:

can be conducted with the remaining fragments. In 2009,

1226:

Smaller, 38 meter Buddha, before and after destruction.

1115:

Centre of Research and Restoration of the French Museums

870:

These murals disappeared with the destructions of 2001.

820:, but there are some similarities with the paintings of 10522: 5102:. Cricketworldcup.com. 29 December 2018. Archived from 3873: 3058: 1993:

An 80 feet (24 m) stone Buddha was inaugurated at

1250:—who were against the Taliban. However, Mazar-i-Sharif 971:

Western Buddha, Niche, ceiling, east section E1 and E2.

927: 724: 5000:"Sarnath gets country's tallest statue of Lord Buddha" 4423:"Local People Regret Taleban Destroyed Buddha Statues" 3788:"Guest Blog: Why the Buddhas of Bamian were destroyed" 3543:

Painting Materials: A Short Encyclopedia (online text)

2796:

Heirman, Ann; Bumbacher, Stephan Peter (11 May 2007).

2632: 2630: 2628: 2310:

The Giant Buddhas of Bamiyan. Safeguarding the remains

1990:

Museum of Tolerance has a replica of a Bamiyan Buddha.

1068:

cape. Painting in niche "I" at Bamiyan, 7th century CE

11421:

Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State

4073:"World appeals to Taliban to stop destroying statues" 2548: 2201:

Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State

1279: 233:

Location of the Buddhas of Bamiyan within Afghanistan

11393:

Artworks lost or damaged in the September 11 attacks

11344:

Damage to heritage sites during the Russian invasion

11329:

Damage to heritage sites during the Syrian civil war

11149:

Artworks lost or damaged in the 2023 Congress attack

5075:"Tourism Revives in the Land of the Blasted Buddhas" 4750:"Bamiyan Buddhas once glowed in red, white and blue" 3316:

Sogdian Painting: The Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art

3239:

Sogdian Painting: The Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art

2922:"Bamiyan Buddhas Once Glowed in Red, White and Blue" 2131: 1404:

never recognised the Taliban regime in Afghanistan,

1234:

royal sponsors on the ceiling have also disappeared.

5435:"Pakistani, Saudi engineers helped destroy Buddhas" 4824:"Bit By Bit, Afghanistan Rebuilds Buddhist Statues" 2936: 2625: 1262:, the de facto leader of the Taliban: According to 280:, at an elevation of 2,500 metres (8,200 ft), 12529:Demolished buildings and structures in Afghanistan 11528:Library damage in the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake 11264:Damage to heritage sites in 21st-century conflicts 5361:Tha Afghan Hawk: travel in the country of talibans 5174:"Waka Poems: 2001 - The Imperial Household Agency" 5100:"Stars inspire young fans in peaceful Afghan town" 4897:The Transformative Power of the Copy, Jul 27, 2017 4396:"Destruction and Rebuilding of the Bamyan Buddhas" 4332: 3875: 3242:. University of California Press. pp. 92–93. 2066:, and other events. The music video of pop singer 550:Following the destruction of the statues in 2001, 5444:"The Rediff Interview/Mullah Omar, 12 April 2004" 4204: 3067:. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Archived from 2774:Gruen, Armin; Remondino, Fabio (September 2004). 1789:In April 2002, Afghanistan's post-Taliban leader 1209: 12440: 11443:Landmarks destroyed or damaged by climate change 5092: 4000: 3638:"Secret sutra found in rubble of Bamiyan Buddha" 3343:, again borrowed the Sasanian royal regalia" in 3004:. Laputanlogic.com. 9 March 2007. Archived from 2795: 2406:The Bamiyan Buddhas dated from Hephthalite times 1500: 1288:Site of the larger statue after it was destroyed 1111:Tokyo Research Institute for Cultural Properties 4847: 4371:"Photos document destruction of Afghan Buddhas" 2996: 2994: 2729:"Bamiyan: Buddhist Cave Temples in Afghanistan" 2661: 2659: 2586:"From Ruins of Afghan Buddhas, a History Grows" 2348:International Herald Tribune/The New York Times 2216:Islamist destruction of Timbuktu heritage sites 770:Lateral rows of attending Kings and dignitaries 717:. The later paintings are attributable to the " 71:Smaller 38-metre (125 ft) "Eastern Buddha" 12449:6th-century religious buildings and structures 4799: 4557: 3682:"Ancient Buddhas Will Not Be Rebuilt – UNESCO" 2773: 1388:(OIC) was conducted. All OIC states—including 1347:and his exile, Omar explained in an interview: 839:, a round-neck tunic and a Sasanian headband. 682:Bamiyan themed postage stamp (1951) issued by 530:(Gautama Buddha), identified by the different 59:Larger 55-metre (180 ft) "Western Buddha" 11816: 11597: 11364:Demolished buildings and structures in London 11074: 10582: 10508: 10263: 10249: 7576: 7002: 5556: 5390:Xuanzang: A Buddhist Pilgrim on the Silk Road 4308:"U.N. Confirms Destruction of Afghan Buddhas" 3752:"Taliban tanks and artillery fire on Buddhas" 2726: 2344:"Afghans consider rebuilding Bamiyan Buddhas" 2109:(which has been described in the writings of 1848:List of the 100 Most Endangered Sites by the 1750: 1028:, are attributable to the sponsorship of the 8358:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 4438: 4436: 2991: 2791: 2789: 2656: 1923:Rise of the Buddhas with 3D light projection 1913:International Council on Monuments and Sites 12524:Buildings and structures demolished in 2001 11309:Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites 5570: 5495:Historic Footage of Bamyan Statues, c. 1973 5024: 4873: 4742: 3671:, chap. "History of attacks on the Buddhas" 3510:"Oil painting invented in Asia, not Europe" 3033:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 240. 2558:. Bamiyanculturalcentre.org. Archived from 2469: 2467: 264:) were two possibly 6th-century monumental 11823: 11809: 11604: 11590: 11354:20th-century destruction of country houses 11239:Destruction of the Shrine of Husayn's Head 11081: 11067: 10589: 10575: 10515: 10501: 10256: 10242: 7583: 7569: 7009: 6995: 5563: 5549: 4720: 4478:"Karzai pledges to rebuild Afghan Buddhas" 4250:محمد ضياء الرحمن الأعظمي (November 2008). 4211:. Oxford University Press. pp. 127–. 3898:Muslims should be proud of smashing idols. 3198: 3133: 3089: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2277:Blänsdorf, Catharina; et al. (2009). 1782:—have committed to rebuilding, perhaps by 1757: 1743: 297:, it was a holy site for Buddhists on the 224: 10544:Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam 6874:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho 5462:News articles about the Buddhas of Bamyan 5397:"Afghan who had statues destroyed killed" 5194: 4508:"Laden ordered Bamyan Buddha destruction" 4433: 4198: 4031:The Taliban and the crisis of Afghanistan 3969: 3938: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3507: 3199:Margottini, Claudio (20 September 2013). 3134:Margottini, Claudio (20 September 2013). 3090:Margottini, Claudio (20 September 2013). 2786: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2670:. Aryan Books International. p. 28. 2387: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2276: 1483: 1375: 1173: 756:Central medallion: Sun God on his chariot 12519:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Afghanistan 11470:Tallest voluntarily demolished buildings 11229:Destruction of country houses, 1919–1923 4972: 4821: 4647: 3911:"Destruction of Giant Buddhas Confirmed" 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3470: 3468: 3448: 3371: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3268: 3054: 3052: 3050: 2727:Higuchi, Takayasu; Barnes, Gina (1995). 2579: 2577: 2503:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 43. 2464: 2450:. Harvard University Press. p. 15. 2394:. Oxford University Press. p. 708. 2316:. ICOMOS. pp. 18–19. Archived from 1954: 1885: 1363: 1318:During a 13 March interview for Japan's 1291: 1283: 1221: 1213: 1100: 541: 503:, and remained so up to the time of the 440: 427: 11184:Iconoclasm during the French Revolution 9545:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 7037:Achaemenid invasion of the Indus Valley 6721:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex 5611:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex 5072: 4952:Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited 4620:"タリバン破壊のバーミヤン遺跡、ドイツ隊が勝手に足復元ユネスコが撤去勧告も" 3843: 3812: 3344: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 2391:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity 2368: 2366: 2364: 2293: 2113:but has not actually been discovered). 1123:European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 14: 12609:Monuments and memorials in Afghanistan 12441: 9748:List of Buddhist architecture in China 6976:Siberian Collection of Peter the Great 5415:"Afghanistan 1969–1974: February 2001" 5025:Chakraborty, Tapas (1 November 2009). 4817: 4815: 4097: 3867: 3792:Afghanistan Analysts Network - English 3785: 3640:. Buddhistchannel.tv. 12 November 2006 3587: 2942: 2709: 2496: 2443: 2376: 2306: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 1386:Organisation of the Islamic Conference 1332:Later, on 18 March 2001, then Taliban 1300: 739:Ceiling of the smaller 38 meter Buddha 616:Engraving of the Buddhas, 19th century 11804: 11585: 11219:Destruction of Mosul Museum artifacts 11062: 10824:Destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan 10570: 10496: 10237: 7564: 6990: 5544: 5477:World Heritage Tour: 360 degree image 5430:"Bamian Buddha Statues and Theosophy" 5209: 5052:"The return of Afghanistan's Buddhas" 4590: 4345:from the original on 12 January 2022. 4027: 3934: 3932: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3494: 3465: 3397: 3395: 3355: 3301: 3161:Rhie, Marylin Martin (15 July 2019). 3047: 3026: 2819: 2574: 2335: 2056: 1959:Arkady Fiedler Museum, Bamyan Replica 1092:Reconstructed mural of Cave G, Bamyan 842: 705:from India, with influences from the 12234:Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius 10944:Republican insurgency in Afghanistan 4975:"Rivertrain: The Buddhas of Bamiyan" 4800:Graham-Harison, Emma (16 May 2012). 4548:Berlin: hendrik Bäßler verlag, 2010. 4406: 4170: 3972:"Taliban Explains Buddha Demolition" 3970:Crossette, Barbara (19 March 2001). 3963: 3939:Kassaimah, Sahar (12 January 2001). 3602: 3375:The Turks in the Early Islamic World 3256: 3219: 3181: 3160: 3110: 2924:. Sciencedaily.com. 25 February 2011 2665: 2583: 2473: 2361: 2341: 1811:made a 95-minute documentary titled 1413:sent a delegation led by Pakistan's 261: 12589:Persecution of Buddhists by Muslims 12574:World Heritage Sites in Afghanistan 12494:Archaeological sites in Afghanistan 11611: 11204:Disappeared statues in Tehran, 2010 7118:Hellenistic influence on Indian art 6931:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription 5536:Photo Feature Covering Bamiyan Site 5420:"Artist to recreate Afghan Buddhas" 4934: 4812: 4721:Geranpayeh, Sarvy (21 April 2023). 4591:Bobin, Frédéric (10 January 2015). 4075:. CNN. 3 March 2001. Archived from 3419: 3372:Bosworth, C. Edmund (15 May 2017). 2388:Nicholson, Oliver (19 April 2018). 2253: 2221:List of colossal sculptures in situ 1309:On 6 March 2001, British newspaper 253: 27:Destroyed sculptures in Afghanistan 24: 12564:Tourist attractions in Afghanistan 11139:Bangabandhu Memorial Museum attack 10552: 9535:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 7123:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 6926:Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription 5927:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 5530:Secrets of Bamiyan Buddhist murals 5295:"Afghani Ambassador Speaks At USC" 5261: 5250:A Traveller at the Gates of Wisdom 4003:"The Rediff Interview/Mullah Omar" 3941:"Afghani Ambassador Speaks at USC" 3929: 3855:: National Trust of Malta: 30–31. 3770: 3508:Highfield, Roger (22 April 2008). 3392: 3319:. University of California Press. 2977:"Bamiyan and Buddhist Afghanistan" 2695:"Bamiyan and Buddhism Afghanistan" 2611:"Bamiyan and Buddhism Afghanistan" 2584:Gall, Carlotta (6 December 2006). 2342:Gall, Carlotta (5 December 2006). 2236:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 2211:Index of Buddhism-related articles 2118:A Traveller at the Gates of Wisdom 1296:Site of the smaller statue in 2005 1280:Destruction by the Islamic Emirate 1008: 691: 25: 12620: 6337:Desert castles of ancient Khorezm 5450: 4822:Kakissis, Joanna (27 July 2011). 4280:"Bamiyan statues: World reaction" 4001:Mohammad Shehzad (3 March 2001). 3605:"Ancient Buddhas painted in oils" 2171:Destruction of art in Afghanistan 2116:The AD 507 chapter of 2020 novel 2027:Smaller Buddha, after destruction 1195:, directing cannon fire at them. 859:, and they may be related to the 580: 12418: 12417: 11682: 11339:Demolition of monuments to Lenin 11249:Destruction of Albanian heritage 11174:Looting of the Eastern Mausoleum 10950:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 10823: 10216: 10206: 10205: 9763:Thai temple art and architecture 9508:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 7748:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 7614: 7601: 7591: 7493:Post-Mauryan coinage of Gandhara 5472:Bamyan Afghanistan Laser Project 5241: 5224: 5203: 5188: 5166: 5146: 5118: 5066: 5044: 5018: 4992: 4966: 4923: 4901: 4848:Mary-Ann Russon (12 June 2015). 4444:"Rebuilding the Bamiyan Buddhas" 3874:Markos Moulitsas Zúniga (2010). 3786:Semple, Michael (2 March 2011). 3478:. Earthtimes.org. Archived from 3370:were incapable of such work" in 3002:"Xuan Zang and the Third Buddha" 2943:Yamada, Meiji (1 January 2002). 2640:. Kashgar.com.au. Archived from 2241:List of World Heritage in Danger 2148: 2134: 2044: 2032: 2020: 2015:Taller Buddha, after destruction 2008: 1898:. Researcher Erwin Emmerling of 1798:Mawlawi Mohammed Islam Mohammadi 1526: 1452:said he was "deeply concerned". 1345:American invasion of Afghanistan 1085: 1073: 1057: 1045: 988: 976: 964: 952: 903: 887: 875: 763: 749: 675: 663: 658:Smaller, 38 meter Buddha in 1977 651: 646:Photographed by Françoise Foliot 639: 621: 609: 436: 223: 216: 64: 52: 12260:, Easter Islands (1250–1500 CE) 11254:Destruction of Serbian heritage 7615: 7540:Silver Reliquary of Indravarman 6936:Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka 6206:Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi 5467:Photos of the Buddhas of Bamyan 5392:. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996 5313:. Massa Editore. Archived from 5210:Kumar, Anuj (26 October 2022). 5176:. Kunaicho.go.jp. 30 April 2019 4890: 4867: 4841: 4793: 4768: 4714: 4688: 4662: 4641: 4612: 4584: 4551: 4532: 4516:. 28 March 2006. Archived from 4500: 4488: 4470: 4450: 4415: 4388: 4363: 4349: 4325: 4300: 4286: 4272: 4243: 4225: 4164: 4144: 4122: 4091: 4065: 4056: 4021: 3994: 3903: 3837: 3815:"How the Buddha got his wounds" 3806: 3744: 3726: 3708:"Aid staff flee Taliban shells" 3700: 3674: 3662: 3652: 3630: 3565: 3442: 3413: 3333: 3154: 3083: 3027:Sauer, Eberhard (5 June 2017). 3020: 2969: 2914: 2893: 2870: 2838: 2767: 2603: 2524: 1875:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 1436:According to Taliban minister, 1368:Destruction of the site by the 1266:representative Michael Semple: 388:Muslim conquests of Afghanistan 12579:World Heritage Sites in Danger 12396:Genghis Khan Equestrian Statue 12309:Liberty Enlightening the World 11369:Churches in the City of London 11159:Monuments removed in 2020–2022 9753:Japanese Buddhist architecture 9555:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 8635:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 7826:Places where the Buddha stayed 6971:Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum) 6916:Aramaic Inscription of Laghman 5518:Secrets of the Bamiyan Buddhas 5073:Bamyani, Zafar (26 May 2015). 4973:Dritanje (23 September 2013). 4754:Technical University of Munich 4648:Nordland, Rod (18 June 2019). 4098:Bearak, Barry (4 March 2001). 3813:Harding, Luke (3 March 2001). 3351:. New York: Crown. p. 88. 2877:UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2490: 2437: 2411: 2231:Ancient history of Afghanistan 1881: 1873:that saw the overthrow of the 1778:, Switzerland, along with the 1492:A local civilian, speaking to 1210:Taliban incursions (1998–2001) 1121:in the United States, and the 320:. The larger statue was named 13: 1: 11830: 11465:Stolen and missing Moon rocks 11381:Public art formerly in London 10725:Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai 9768:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 7458:Aramaic Inscription of Taxila 5922:Silk Road transmission of art 5270:"The Paradox of Preservation" 3684:. Ipsnews.net. Archived from 3426:. p. 103. Archived from 3366:Bosworth also says that the " 2745:10.1080/00438243.1995.9980308 2307:Petzet, Michael, ed. (2009). 2246: 2165:Buddha Collapsed out of Shame 1501:Current status (2002–present) 1064:Buddha wearing a crown and a 1040:also have some works of art. 929: 726: 629: 555: 454: 120:Cultural: i, ii, iii, iv, vi. 12484:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) 12464:Central Asian Buddhist sites 12205:Winged Victory of Samothrace 11169:Destruction of the Four Olds 9525:Buddhism and the Roman world 9501:Decline of Buddhism in India 9496:History of Buddhism in India 7596: Topics in 7016: 6921:Kandahar Aramaic inscription 5509:A tourist pamphlet from 1967 5054:. The Atlantic. 10 June 2015 4874:Paula Mejia (15 June 2015). 4854:International Business Times 4780:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 4495:Focus on Terrorism, Volume 8 1983:and was inaugurated in 2006. 1178:In 1221, with the advent of 1119:Getty Conservation Institute 894:Probable King of Bamyan, in 539:is taller, but is sitting). 7: 10596: 8723:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 8463: 3882:. Polipoint Press. p. 2474:Shah, Amir (3 March 2001). 2127: 2073:In June 1971, the Japanese 1950: 1900:Technical University Munich 1770:after the Taliban war, the 402:, with influences from the 10: 12625: 11704:Ajar Valley Nature Reserve 9673:The unanswerable questions 5356:(Mille et Une Nuits, 2001) 4629:(in Japanese). 18 May 2014 4446:. Slate.com. 23 July 2004. 4205:Abdul Salam Zaeef (2011). 3449:Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2013). 3378:. Routledge. p. 145. 3345:Rowland, Benjamin (1975). 3269:Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). 2780:The Photogrammetric Record 2497:Morgan, Kenneth W (1956). 2226:List of destroyed heritage 2001: 1472:, the former Afghan King, 1324:, Afghan Foreign Minister 786: 453:and northern Afghanistan ( 421: 417: 347:Since the 2nd century CE, 291:UNESCO World Heritage Site 40:UNESCO World Heritage Site 12604:War crimes in Afghanistan 12413: 12168: 12097: 12011: 11980: 11934: 11838: 11770:Hajigak mining concession 11742: 11709:Band-e Amir National Park 11691: 11680: 11634: 11619: 11536: 11520: 11496:Works by Vincent van Gogh 11478: 11408: 11118: 11109: 10993:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan 10980: 10972:2021–2022 Afghan protests 10959: 10885: 10842: 10816: 10763: 10604: 10550: 10534: 10442: 10329:Grand Buddha at Ling Shan 10269: 10264:Colossal Buddhist statues 10201: 10153: 10068: 9983: 9758:Buddhist temples in Korea 9681: 9583: 9466: 9163: 9091: 8918: 8791: 8731: 8366: 8321:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 8232: 8224:Three planes of existence 8172: 8017: 7909: 7839: 7831:Buddha in world religions 7693: 7638: 7610: 7450: 7360: 7287: 7143: 7136: 7128:Art of Gandhara by museum 7100: 7024: 6836: 6804: 6601: 6508: 6450: 6422:Siypantosh Rock Paintings 6287: 6219: 6106: 6088: 5985: 5947: 5940: 5904: 5578: 5311:"Catalogo: Mediterraneum" 2958:: 109–122. Archived from 2520:– via Google Books. 2444:Morgan, Llewelyn (2012). 1337:Sayed Rahmatullah Hashemi 585:Chinese Buddhist pilgrim 484:, sharing the culture of 468:, which runs through the 363:, remaining so until the 211: 172: 164: 156: 146: 134: 124: 114: 106: 93: 46: 37: 11448:Museums destroyed by war 10389:Maligawila Buddha statue 10339:Great Buddha of Thailand 10334:Great Buddha (Bodh Gaya) 10279:Amaravathi Dhyana Buddha 9540:Persecution of Buddhists 8761:Four stages of awakening 8142:Three marks of existence 7728:Physical characteristics 7042:Greek conquests in India 6869:Mogao Christian painting 6442:Zarautsoy Rock Paintings 6156:Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen 6146:Merke Turkic Sanctuaries 5440:, Sunday, 19 March 2006. 5333:, "Telos", 1 March 2010. 5133:The Heart of Asia Herald 4208:My Life with the Taliban 4152:My Life with the Taliban 4132:. Un.org. 2 January 2013 3821:. London. Archived from 3516:. London. Archived from 2666:Jain, Meenakshi (2019). 2181:Buddhism in Central Asia 1835:World Heritage in Danger 995:Devotee in double-lapel 721:" (7th–9th century CE). 262:تندیس‌های بودا در بامیان 12569:Vandalized works of art 12509:Buddhism in Afghanistan 12454:Colossal Buddha statues 11881:Environmental sculpture 11846:Architectural sculpture 11299:Looting in World War II 10817:Human rights/violations 10452:Guanyin of Mount Xiqiao 10404:Buddha Park of Ravangla 8903:Ten principal disciples 7786:(aunt, adoptive mother) 7545:Hephthalite silver bowl 6966:Saksanokhur gold buckle 6854:Hephthalite silver bowl 6731:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa 5771:Second Turkic Khaganate 5572:History of Central Asia 5388:Wriggins, Sally Hovey. 5354:The Assassinated Memory 5236:Encyclopædia Britannica 5156:, p. 127. Leiden 1997. 3548:"Bibliotheca Augustana" 3348:The art of Central Asia 2176:Buddhism in Afghanistan 1442:Turkistan Islamic Party 1343:In 2004, following the 1206:rebellion in the area. 1133:such as vermilion (red 1105:Grotto painting in 2008 424:Buddhism in Afghanistan 289:ruled the region. As a 11541:Archaeological looting 11214:Archaeological looting 10778:Cabinet (2021–present) 10715:Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil 10558: 10472:Naritasan Kurume Bunin 10294:Buddha Dordenma statue 9613:Buddhism and democracy 9126:Tibetan Buddhist canon 9121:Chinese Buddhist canon 8353:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 8348:Early Buddhist schools 7488:Saptarishi Tila statue 7052:Greco-Bactrian kingdom 6946:Stamp seal (BM 119999) 6706:Alexandria Prophthasia 5731:First Turkic Khaganate 5666:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 5363:(Robert Laffont, 2001) 5306:World Heritage and War 5154:Eindtijd en Antichrist 3289:Cite journal requires 3167:. BRILL. p. 668. 2979:. Depts.washington.edu 2799:The Spread of Buddhism 2697:. Depts.washington.edu 2613:. Depts.washington.edu 2500:The Path of the Buddha 2447:The Buddhas of Bamiyan 1960: 1891: 1871:2021 Taliban offensive 1484:Process of destruction 1434: 1376:International reaction 1372: 1354: 1297: 1289: 1273: 1235: 1219: 1174:Attacks on the statues 1106: 1034:Yabghus of Tokharistan 928:Western Buddha (built 725:Eastern Buddha (built 715:country of Tokharistan 547: 461: 433: 355:religious site on the 12288:Kamagaya Great Buddha 12012:Traditional materials 11981:Elements in sculpture 11486:Art theft and looting 11294:Destruction of Warsaw 10632:Hibatullah Akhundzada 10556: 10409:Rongxian Giant Buddha 10394:Mengshan Giant Buddha 10349:Kamagaya Great Buddha 10284:Avukana Buddha statue 9623:Eight Consciousnesses 7733:Life of Buddha in art 6756:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum 6131:Karsakpay inscription 5586:Mal'ta–Buret' culture 5524:Bamiyan photo gallery 5506:The Valley of Bamiyan 4828:National Public Radio 4341:. 16 September 2001. 3617:10.1038/news.2008.770 3603:Ball, Philip (2008). 3407:huntingtonarchive.org 2945:"Buddhism of Bamiyan" 2802:. BRILL. p. 88. 2638:"Remembering Bamiyan" 2095:The 2022 Indian film 1958: 1889: 1846:World Monuments Watch 1570:Four Additional Sites 1426: 1367: 1349: 1326:Wakil Ahmad Mutawakel 1295: 1287: 1268: 1225: 1217: 1104: 545: 444: 431: 422:Further information: 12594:Stone Buddha statues 12534:Destroyed sculptures 12479:6th-century Buddhism 12373:The Motherland Calls 12222:(c. 200 BCE – 70 CE) 12219:Laocoön and His Sons 12208:(c. 2nd century BCE) 12176:Great Sphinx of Giza 10998:Guantanamo detainees 10524:World Heritage Sites 10419:Spring Temple Buddha 10354:Koh Samui Big Buddha 10314:Fo Guang Shan Buddha 10100:East Asian religions 9530:Buddhism in the West 9101:Early Buddhist texts 8716:Four Right Exertions 8182:Ten spiritual realms 7675:Noble Eightfold Path 6563:Kutlug Timur Minaret 6098:Noin-Ula burial site 5896:Chinese Central Asia 5268:Cloonan, Michele V. 4942:"Sun, sand and surf" 4909:"Buddha rises again" 4334:"Ahmad Shah Massoud" 4184:. pp. 554–555. 4150:Zaeef, Abdul Salam, 4028:Tarzi, Amin (2008). 3688:on 13 September 2011 3532:Theophilus Presbyter 3065:Pro.geo.univie.ac.at 2832:4 March 2016 at the 2532:"booklet web E.indd" 1850:World Monuments Fund 1398:United Arab Emirates 1166:Sutra translated by 1109:Scientists from the 918:, with single-lapel 474:Buddhist monasteries 464:Bamiyan lies on the 371:in 977 CE. In 1221, 307:Mullah Muhammad Omar 254:د باميانو بودايي پژۍ 12474:2001 in Afghanistan 12459:Arts in Afghanistan 12365:Christ the Redeemer 12357:Shrine of Democracy 12311:, Statue of Liberty 11935:Styles of sculpture 11426:Destroyed libraries 11319:Destroyed landmarks 10872:Badri 313 Battalion 10693:Abdul Hakim Haqqani 10688:Shahabuddin Delawar 10656:Abdul Ghani Baradar 10557:Flag of Afghanistan 10369:Leshan Giant Buddha 10223:Religion portal 9970:Temple of the Tooth 9849:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 8888:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 8381:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 8164:Two truths doctrine 7984:Mahapajapati Gotamī 7784:Mahapajapati Gotamī 6956:Siberian Ice Maiden 6746:Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan 6161:Petrovka settlement 5891:Soviet Central Asia 5816:Great Seljuq Empire 5479:(after destruction) 5336:Tarzi, Zemaryalai. 5317:on 31 December 2008 5304:Maniscalco, Fabio. 4674:The Express Tribune 4497:by Edward V. Linden 4429:. 11 February 2002. 4268:on 12 October 2017. 4239:. 27 February 2010. 4079:on 24 December 2007 3825:on 28 February 2006 3756:The Daily Telegraph 3420:Rowland, Benjamin. 2858:on 16 December 2013 2562:on 29 November 2021 2283:Monuments and Sites 1796:In September 2005, 1772:Japanese government 1537:The Four Main Sites 1519:Buddha's Holy Sites 1474:Mohammed Zahir Shah 1334:ambassador-at-large 1301:Decision to destroy 1252:fell in August 1998 1024:, such as those of 575:World Heritage Site 537:Leshan Giant Buddha 196:34.8320°N 67.8267°E 192: / 34: 12341:Jules Verne's tomb 12240:Buddhas of Bamiyan 12198:Colossus of Rhodes 12182:Abu Simbel temples 12178:(c. 2558–2532 BCE) 12169:Notable sculptures 11839:Types of sculpture 11491:Restitution claims 11453:Napoleonic looting 11416:Attacks on museums 11194:Bombing of Dresden 11129:Destruction of art 10901:War in Afghanistan 10829:Treatment of women 10748:Abdul Qayyum Zakir 10661:Sirajuddin Haqqani 10612:Leadership Council 10559: 10482:Tsz Shan Monastery 10457:Guanyin of Nanshan 10304:Buddhas of Bamiyan 10145:Western philosophy 9743:Dzong architecture 9565:Vipassana movement 9560:Buddhist modernism 8988:Emperor Wen of Sui 8756:Pratyekabuddhayāna 8689:Threefold Training 8491:Vipassana movement 8207:Hungry Ghost realm 8027:Avidyā (Ignorance) 7974:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 7723:Great Renunciation 7718:Eight Great Events 7600: 7513:Treasure of Begram 7478:Buddhas of Bamiyan 7468:Kanishka reliquary 7108:Greco-Buddhist art 7057:Indo-Greek kingdom 6906:Buddhas of Bamiyan 6859:Chilek silver bowl 6726:Buddhas of Bamiyan 6402:Obi-Rakhmat Grotto 6191:Talapty Settlement 5977:Filippovka kurgans 5866:Khanate of Bukhara 5826:Khwarazmian Empire 5751:Ikhshids of Sogdia 5596:Afanasievo culture 5483:Bamyan Development 5403:on 28 January 2007 5293:Kassaimah, Sahar. 5197:"An Afghan Winter" 5004:The Times of India 4756:. 25 February 2011 4702:. 24 November 2021 4655:The New York Times 4572:on 15 January 2015 4513:The Times of India 4466:. 10 January 2015. 4104:The New York Times 3976:The New York Times 3575:. Sciencedaily.com 3430:on 15 January 2023 3071:on 25 January 2021 3008:on 27 January 2013 2590:The New York Times 2486:on 6 January 2011. 2425:. 24 November 2021 2323:on 4 February 2023 2191:Aniconism in Islam 2156:Afghanistan portal 2057:In popular culture 1961: 1892: 1890:Caution Sign, 2017 1869:Shortly after the 1463:Ahmad Shah Massoud 1373: 1298: 1290: 1236: 1220: 1137:) and lead white ( 1107: 843:Hephthalite donors 548: 462: 449:Principalities of 434: 314:Greco-Buddhist art 246:Buddhas of Bamiyan 33:Buddhas of Bamiyan 32: 12436: 12435: 12326:The Golden Virgin 12318:The Gates of Hell 12252:Konark Sun Temple 12248:(c. 1194–1250 CE) 12246:Chartes Cathedral 11896:Kinetic sculpture 11798: 11797: 11780:Shahr-e Gholghola 11765:Buddhas of Bamyan 11760:Bamyan University 11579: 11578: 11516: 11515: 11103:cultural heritage 11056: 11055: 10862:55th Arab Brigade 10703:Amir Khan Muttaqi 10666:Obaidullah Akhund 10564: 10563: 10490: 10489: 10399:Phuket Big Buddha 10324:Gifu Great Buddha 10231: 10230: 9869:Om mani padme hum 9575:Women in Buddhism 9491:Buddhist councils 9361:Western countries 9149:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 8910:Shaolin Monastery 8487:Samatha-vipassanā 8097:Pratītyasamutpāda 7901:Metteyya/Maitreya 7819: 7811: 7803: 7795: 7787: 7779: 7771: 7648:Four Noble Truths 7558: 7557: 7508:Rukhuna reliquary 7446: 7445: 7381:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi 7332:Lalchak monastery 6984: 6983: 6961:Ai-Khanoum plaque 6832: 6831: 6636:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi 5912:Central Asian art 5886:Russian Turkestan 5881:Chinese Turkestan 5781:Abbasid Caliphate 5745:Anxi Protectorate 5691:Kushano-Sasanians 5656:Macedonian Empire 5651:Achaemenid Empire 5621:Andronovo culture 5601:Sintashta culture 5368:On the Silk Roads 5345:978-2-7200-0180-2 5288:978-81-87763-66-6 5199:. Kirkus Reviews. 4954:. 14 January 2018 4728:The Art Newspaper 4565:The Art Newspaper 4259:تركستان الإسلامية 4252:"الدبانا البوذية" 4218:978-1-84904-152-2 4041:978-0-674-03002-2 3951:on 8 October 2007 3893:978-1-936227-02-0 3385:978-1-351-88087-9 3326:978-0-520-03765-6 3249:978-0-520-03765-6 3212:978-3-642-30051-6 3174:978-90-04-39186-4 3147:978-3-642-30051-6 3103:978-3-642-30051-6 3040:978-1-4744-2068-6 2809:978-90-04-15830-6 2733:World Archaeology 2677:978-81-7305-619-2 2644:on 4 October 2013 2457:978-0-674-06538-3 2401:978-0-19-256246-3 1941:Afghan government 1864:Statue of Liberty 1814:The Giant Buddhas 1767: 1766: 1446:Islamic Turkistan 1438:Abdul Salam Zaeef 1415:interior minister 1382:Kōichirō Matsuura 1359:Abdul Salam Zaeef 1248:Northern Alliance 1200:Abdur Rahman Khan 1164:Pratītyasamutpāda 933: 591–644 CE 810:Corinthian helmet 743: 730: 544–595 CE 713:, as well as the 600:caves in China's 517:Ghaznavid dynasty 509:Abbasid Caliphate 458: 557-625 CE 410:, as well as the 242: 241: 18:Buddhas of Bamyan 16:(Redirected from 12616: 12549:Rock art in Asia 12469:2001 in religion 12421: 12420: 12381:Fallen Astronaut 12098:Modern materials 11962:Modern sculpture 11891:Installation art 11825: 11818: 11811: 11802: 11801: 11699:Populated places 11686: 11606: 11599: 11592: 11583: 11582: 11571:Vandalism of art 11116: 11115: 11083: 11076: 11069: 11060: 11059: 11013:Amir al-Mu'minin 10967:Taliban in Qatar 10938:Conflict with IS 10783:Religious police 10651:Mohammad Rabbani 10591: 10584: 10577: 10568: 10567: 10517: 10510: 10503: 10494: 10493: 10477:Sendai Daikannon 10384:Maitreya Project 10344:Hyderabad Buddha 10258: 10251: 10244: 10235: 10234: 10221: 10220: 10209: 10208: 10048:Sacred languages 9896:Maya Devi Temple 9859:Mahabodhi Temple 9663:Secular Buddhism 9628:Engaged Buddhism 8468: 8316:Tibetan Buddhism 8267:Vietnamese Thiền 7866:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 7817: 7809: 7801: 7793: 7785: 7777: 7769: 7618: 7617: 7605: 7595: 7585: 7578: 7571: 7562: 7561: 7141: 7140: 7092:Ghaznavid Empire 7032:Gandhara kingdom 7011: 7004: 6997: 6988: 6987: 6951:Seal of Khingila 6879:Penjikent murals 6500:Kalai Kafirnigan 6387:Koi Krylgan Kala 6196:Turkistan (city) 6181:Steppe Geoglyphs 5945: 5944: 5876:Khanate of Khiva 5836:Chagatai Khanate 5791:Saffarid dynasty 5776:Uyghur Khaganate 5565: 5558: 5551: 5542: 5541: 5496: 5426:, 9 August 2005. 5411: 5409: 5408: 5399:. Archived from 5384: 5366:Weber, Olivier, 5359:Weber, Olivier, 5326: 5324: 5322: 5301:, 12 March 2001. 5255: 5254: 5245: 5239: 5228: 5222: 5221: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5170: 5164: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5130: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5022: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5011: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4938: 4932: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4911:. 5 October 2001 4905: 4899: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4819: 4810: 4809: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4645: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4568:. 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Archived from 3936: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3881: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3845:Domingo, Plácido 3841: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3783: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3714:. 13 August 1998 3704: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3600: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3554:on 11 April 2008 3550:. 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12618: 12617: 12615: 12614: 12613: 12584:Removed statues 12499:Bamyan Province 12439: 12438: 12437: 12432: 12409: 12403:Statue of Unity 12355:Mount Rushmore 12348:Abraham Lincoln 12301:Lion of Belfort 12294:Nelson's Column 12212:Terracotta Army 12164: 12093: 12007: 11976: 11930: 11834: 11829: 11799: 11794: 11738: 11687: 11678: 11630: 11615: 11613:Bamyan Province 11610: 11580: 11575: 11546:Art destruction 11532: 11512: 11474: 11404: 11350:United Kingdom 11111: 11105: 11087: 11057: 11052: 10988:Haqqani network 10976: 10955: 10881: 10838: 10812: 10759: 10753:Zain-Ul-Abideen 10720:Qari Ahmadullah 10617:Supreme leaders 10600: 10595: 10565: 10560: 10548: 10530: 10521: 10491: 10486: 10467:Hokkaido Kannon 10462:Guishan Guanyin 10438: 10434:Ushiku Daibutsu 10424:Tian Tan Buddha 10359:Kamakura Buddha 10289:Bingling Temple 10265: 10262: 10232: 10227: 10215: 10197: 10149: 10064: 9979: 9716:Ordination hall 9677: 9579: 9550:Buddhist crisis 9462: 9159: 9111:Mahayana sutras 9087: 9083:Thích Nhất Hạnh 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5097: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5071: 5067: 5057: 5055: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5035: 5033: 5031:Telegraph India 5023: 5019: 5009: 5007: 5006:. 16 March 2011 4998: 4997: 4993: 4983: 4981: 4971: 4967: 4957: 4955: 4947:Sunday Observer 4940: 4939: 4935: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4895: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4872: 4868: 4858: 4856: 4846: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4820: 4813: 4798: 4794: 4784: 4782: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4759: 4757: 4748: 4747: 4743: 4733: 4731: 4719: 4715: 4705: 4703: 4694: 4693: 4689: 4679: 4677: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4646: 4642: 4632: 4630: 4618: 4617: 4613: 4603: 4601: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4556: 4552: 4543: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4523: 4521: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4493: 4489: 4484:. 9 April 2002. 4476: 4475: 4471: 4463:TheGuardian.com 4456: 4455: 4451: 4442: 4441: 4434: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4411: 4407: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4380: 4378: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4287: 4282:. 5 March 2001. 4278: 4277: 4273: 4265: 4254: 4248: 4244: 4231: 4230: 4226: 4219: 4203: 4199: 4192: 4169: 4165: 4149: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4110:on 2 March 2014 4096: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4042: 4026: 4022: 4012: 4010: 3999: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3968: 3964: 3954: 3952: 3937: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3917:. 12 March 2001 3909: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3872: 3868: 3853:Din l-Art Ħelwa 3842: 3838: 3828: 3826: 3811: 3807: 3797: 3795: 3784: 3771: 3761: 3759: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3732: 3731: 3727: 3717: 3715: 3712:The Independent 3706: 3705: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3653: 3643: 3641: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3601: 3588: 3578: 3576: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3557: 3555: 3546: 3523: 3521: 3506: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3474: 3473: 3466: 3461:: 106, note 42. 3447: 3443: 3433: 3431: 3418: 3414: 3401: 3400: 3393: 3386: 3365: 3356: 3338: 3334: 3327: 3311: 3302: 3290: 3288: 3279: 3278: 3273: 3266: 3257: 3250: 3229: 3220: 3213: 3197: 3182: 3175: 3159: 3155: 3148: 3132: 3111: 3104: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3057: 3048: 3041: 3025: 3021: 3011: 3009: 3000: 2999: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2965:on 7 July 2010. 2962: 2947: 2941: 2937: 2927: 2925: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2884: 2882: 2875: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2834:Wayback Machine 2824: 2820: 2810: 2794: 2787: 2772: 2768: 2725: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2693: 2692: 2685: 2678: 2664: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2636: 2635: 2626: 2616: 2614: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2594: 2592: 2582: 2575: 2565: 2563: 2556:"Visit Bamiyan" 2554: 2553: 2549: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2495: 2491: 2480:The Independent 2472: 2465: 2458: 2442: 2438: 2428: 2426: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2402: 2386: 2377: 2371: 2362: 2352: 2350: 2340: 2336: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2313: 2305: 2294: 2275: 2254: 2249: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2142:Religion portal 2140: 2133: 2130: 2105:and a colossal 2075:Empress Michiko 2059: 2052: 2049: 2040: 2037: 2028: 2025: 2016: 2013: 2004: 1986:In Poland, the 1953: 1925: 1884: 1819:Osama bin Laden 1763: 1734: 1733: 1699:Ramagrama stupa 1604: 1596: 1595: 1571: 1563: 1562: 1538: 1518: 1509: 1503: 1486: 1378: 1303: 1282: 1212: 1176: 1135:mercury sulfide 1117:in France, the 1093: 1090: 1081: 1078: 1069: 1062: 1053: 1050: 1011: 1009:Adjoining caves 1004: 993: 984: 981: 972: 969: 960: 957: 937: 932: 923: 908: 899: 892: 883: 880: 845: 789: 780: 779: 778: 777: 773: 772: 771: 768: 759: 758: 757: 754: 745: 744: 740: 734: 729: 707:Sasanian Empire 694: 692:Mural paintings 687: 684:Postes Afghanes 680: 671: 668: 659: 656: 647: 644: 635: 632: 626: 617: 614: 598:Bingling Temple 592:Da Tang Xiyu Ji 583: 563:Art of Gandhara 558: 457: 439: 426: 420: 412:Tokhara Yabghus 404:Sasanian Empire 295:Afghan Buddhism 238: 237: 236: 235: 234: 230: 229: 228: 200: 198: 194: 191: 186: 183: 181: 179: 178: 89: 88: 87: 86: 81:in March 2001. 74: 73: 72: 69: 61: 60: 57: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12622: 12612: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12596: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12546: 12541: 12536: 12531: 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11888: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11848: 11842: 11840: 11836: 11835: 11828: 11827: 11820: 11813: 11805: 11796: 11795: 11793: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11775:Panjab Airport 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11755:Bamyan Airport 11752: 11746: 11744: 11740: 11739: 11737: 11736: 11731: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11695: 11693: 11689: 11688: 11681: 11679: 11677: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11640: 11638: 11632: 11631: 11620: 11617: 11616: 11609: 11608: 11601: 11594: 11586: 11577: 11576: 11574: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11537: 11534: 11533: 11531: 11530: 11524: 11522: 11518: 11517: 11514: 11513: 11511: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11499: 11498: 11493: 11482: 11480: 11476: 11475: 11473: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11461: 11460: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11439: 11438: 11436:Body snatching 11428: 11423: 11418: 11412: 11410: 11406: 11405: 11403: 11402: 11401: 11400: 11395: 11385: 11384: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11372: 11371: 11361: 11359:Baedeker Blitz 11356: 11348: 11347: 11346: 11341: 11333: 11332: 11331: 11323: 11322: 11321: 11313: 11312: 11311: 11303: 11302: 11301: 11296: 11288: 11287: 11286: 11278: 11277: 11276: 11268: 11267: 11266: 11258: 11257: 11256: 11251: 11243: 11242: 11241: 11233: 11232: 11231: 11223: 11222: 11221: 11216: 11208: 11207: 11206: 11198: 11197: 11196: 11188: 11187: 11186: 11178: 11177: 11176: 11171: 11163: 11162: 11161: 11153: 11152: 11151: 11143: 11142: 11141: 11133: 11132: 11131: 11122: 11120: 11113: 11107: 11106: 11086: 11085: 11078: 11071: 11063: 11054: 11053: 11051: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11038:Talibanization 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10984: 10982: 10981:Related topics 10978: 10977: 10975: 10974: 10969: 10963: 10961: 10957: 10956: 10954: 10953: 10952:(2004–present) 10947: 10946:(2021–present) 10941: 10940:(2015–present) 10935: 10934: 10933: 10932: 10931: 10930: 10929: 10922:2021 offensive 10919: 10917:2006 offensive 10914: 10898: 10891: 10889: 10883: 10882: 10880: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10848: 10846: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10820: 10818: 10814: 10813: 10811: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10769: 10767: 10761: 10760: 10758: 10757: 10756: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10732: 10730:Khalil Haqqani 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10711: 10710: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10674: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10646:Deputy leaders 10643: 10642: 10641: 10640: 10639: 10629: 10627:Akhtar Mansour 10624: 10614: 10608: 10606: 10602: 10601: 10594: 10593: 10586: 10579: 10571: 10562: 10561: 10551: 10549: 10547: 10546: 10541: 10535: 10532: 10531: 10520: 10519: 10512: 10505: 10497: 10488: 10487: 10485: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10448: 10446: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10364:Laykyun Sekkya 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10275: 10273: 10267: 10266: 10261: 10260: 10253: 10246: 10238: 10229: 10228: 10226: 10225: 10213: 10202: 10199: 10198: 10196: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10159: 10157: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10096: 10095: 10090: 10080: 10074: 10072: 10066: 10065: 10063: 10062: 10061: 10060: 10055: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9995: 9989: 9987: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9966: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9914: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9872: 9871: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9845: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9783: 9782: 9780:Greco-Buddhist 9772: 9771: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9734: 9733: 9731:Burmese pagoda 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9687: 9685: 9679: 9678: 9676: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9589: 9587: 9581: 9580: 9578: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9521: 9520: 9513:Greco-Buddhism 9510: 9505: 9504: 9503: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9472: 9470: 9464: 9463: 9461: 9460: 9459: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9446:United Kingdom 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9391:Czech Republic 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9358: 9357: 9356: 9351: 9341: 9340: 9339: 9329: 9328: 9327: 9322: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9281: 9280: 9270: 9265: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9169: 9167: 9161: 9160: 9158: 9157: 9155:Abhidharmadīpa 9152: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9097: 9095: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9073:B. R. Ambedkar 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8993:Songtsen Gampo 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8924: 8922: 8916: 8915: 8913: 8912: 8907: 8906: 8905: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8869: 8868: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8797: 8795: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8785: 8784: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8737: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8726: 8725: 8720: 8719: 8718: 8708: 8707: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8686: 8685: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8672:Eight precepts 8669: 8659: 8658: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8632: 8631: 8630: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8609: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8567: 8566: 8561: 8551: 8546: 8545: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8460: 8450: 8445: 8443:Five Strengths 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8409: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8383: 8378: 8372: 8370: 8364: 8363: 8361: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8334: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8308: 8307: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8270: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8238: 8236: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8226: 8221: 8220: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8184: 8178: 8176: 8170: 8169: 8167: 8166: 8161: 8160: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8082:Mental factors 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8023: 8021: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7934:Mahamoggallāna 7931: 7926: 7921: 7915: 7913: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7857: 7856: 7849:Avalokiteśvara 7845: 7843: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7822: 7821: 7813: 7805: 7797: 7789: 7781: 7773: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7699: 7697: 7691: 7690: 7688: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7671: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7650: 7644: 7642: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7588: 7587: 7580: 7573: 7565: 7556: 7555: 7553: 7552: 7550:Gardez Ganesha 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7503:Shinkot casket 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7473:Stone palettes 7470: 7465: 7463:Bimaran Casket 7460: 7454: 7452: 7448: 7447: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7389: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7367: 7365: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7293: 7291: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7199:Sikri Yusufzai 7196: 7191: 7186: 7184:Loriyan Tangai 7181: 7179:Kanishka stupa 7176: 7174:Shaji-ki-Dheri 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7150: 7148: 7138: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7113:Greco-Buddhism 7110: 7104: 7102: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7067:Indo-Parthians 7064: 7062:Indo-Scythians 7059: 7054: 7049: 7047:Mauryan Empire 7044: 7039: 7034: 7028: 7026: 7022: 7021: 7014: 7013: 7006: 6999: 6991: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6901:Bimaran Casket 6898: 6893: 6890:Sogdian Daēnās 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6864:Gardez Ganesha 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6840: 6838: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6810: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6686:Takht-e Rostam 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6621:Dilberjin Tepe 6618: 6613: 6607: 6605: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6514: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6495:Takht-i Sangin 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6456: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6347:Guldursun-Kala 6344: 6339: 6334: 6332:Dalverzin Tepe 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6302:Akchakhan-Kala 6299: 6293: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6225: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6112: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6100: 6094: 6092: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6060:Dunhuang Caves 6057: 6055:Bezeklik Caves 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6020:Subashi Temple 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5991: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5953: 5951: 5942: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5871:Durrani Empire 5868: 5863: 5861:Timurid Empire 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5606:Vakhsh culture 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5582: 5580: 5576: 5575: 5568: 5567: 5560: 5553: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5533: 5527: 5521: 5515: 5510: 5502: 5491: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5452: 5451:External links 5449: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5432: 5427: 5417: 5412: 5393: 5386: 5364: 5357: 5350:Weber, Olivier 5347: 5334: 5329:Noyes, James. 5327: 5302: 5291: 5277: 5276:, Summer 2007. 5274:Library Trends 5265: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5253:. 3 June 2021. 5240: 5223: 5202: 5187: 5165: 5145: 5117: 5091: 5065: 5043: 5017: 4991: 4965: 4933: 4922: 4900: 4889: 4866: 4840: 4811: 4792: 4767: 4741: 4713: 4687: 4676:. 13 June 2015 4661: 4640: 4626:Sankei Shimbun 4611: 4583: 4550: 4531: 4499: 4487: 4469: 4449: 4432: 4414: 4405: 4400:Slate Magazine 4387: 4362: 4348: 4324: 4299: 4285: 4271: 4242: 4224: 4217: 4197: 4190: 4163: 4143: 4121: 4090: 4064: 4055: 4040: 4020: 3993: 3962: 3928: 3902: 3892: 3866: 3836: 3805: 3769: 3758:. 3 March 2001 3743: 3725: 3699: 3673: 3661: 3651: 3629: 3611:. nature.com. 3586: 3564: 3493: 3482:on 6 July 2008 3464: 3441: 3412: 3391: 3384: 3354: 3332: 3325: 3300: 3291:|journal= 3255: 3248: 3218: 3211: 3180: 3173: 3153: 3146: 3109: 3102: 3082: 3046: 3039: 3019: 2990: 2968: 2935: 2913: 2892: 2869: 2837: 2818: 2808: 2785: 2766: 2708: 2683: 2676: 2655: 2624: 2602: 2573: 2547: 2523: 2510:978-8120800304 2509: 2489: 2463: 2456: 2436: 2410: 2400: 2375: 2360: 2334: 2292: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2206:Greco-Buddhism 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2160: 2159: 2145: 2129: 2126: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2053: 2050: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2007: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1991: 1988:Arkady Fiedler 1984: 1972: 1952: 1949: 1924: 1921: 1883: 1880: 1809:Christian Frei 1765: 1764: 1762: 1761: 1754: 1747: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1523: 1522: 1514: 1513: 1502: 1499: 1485: 1482: 1377: 1374: 1302: 1299: 1281: 1278: 1264:United Nations 1211: 1208: 1175: 1172: 1154:chromatography 1139:lead carbonate 1113:in Japan, the 1095: 1094: 1091: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1072: 1070: 1063: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1044: 1036:). The nearby 1010: 1007: 1006: 1005: 994: 987: 985: 982: 975: 973: 970: 963: 961: 958: 951: 936: 926: 925: 924: 909: 902: 900: 893: 886: 884: 881: 874: 844: 841: 788: 785: 775: 774: 769: 762: 761: 760: 755: 748: 747: 746: 738: 737: 736: 735: 733: 723: 693: 690: 689: 688: 681: 674: 672: 669: 662: 660: 657: 650: 648: 645: 638: 636: 627: 620: 618: 615: 608: 582: 581:Pre-modern era 579: 438: 435: 419: 416: 369:Ghaznavid rule 293:of historical 270:Bamiyan Valley 240: 239: 232: 231: 222: 221: 215: 214: 213: 212: 209: 208: 176: 170: 169: 166: 162: 161: 158: 154: 153: 150: 144: 143: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 118: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 97: 91: 90: 76: 75: 70: 63: 62: 58: 51: 50: 49: 48: 47: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12621: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12489:Anti-Buddhism 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12446: 12444: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12416: 12415: 12412: 12405: 12404: 12400: 12397: 12394: 12391: 12390: 12386: 12383: 12382: 12378: 12375: 12374: 12370: 12367: 12366: 12362: 12359: 12358: 12353: 12350: 12349: 12345: 12342: 12339: 12336: 12335: 12331: 12328: 12327: 12323: 12320: 12319: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12306: 12303: 12302: 12298: 12295: 12292: 12289: 12286: 12283: 12282: 12281:Veiled Christ 12278: 12275: 12274: 12270: 12267: 12266: 12262: 12259: 12256: 12253: 12250: 12247: 12244: 12241: 12238: 12235: 12232: 12230:(130–100 BCE) 12229: 12228: 12227:Venus de Milo 12224: 12221: 12220: 12216: 12214:(246–210 BCE) 12213: 12210: 12207: 12206: 12202: 12199: 12196: 12193: 12189: 12188:Elgin Marbles 12186: 12184:(c. 1264 BCE) 12183: 12180: 12177: 12174: 12173: 12171: 12167: 12161: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12102: 12100: 12096: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12010: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11985: 11983: 11979: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11939: 11937: 11933: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11871:Gas sculpture 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11843: 11841: 11837: 11833: 11826: 11821: 11819: 11814: 11812: 11807: 11806: 11803: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11747: 11745: 11741: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11719:Kakrak Valley 11717: 11715: 11714:Foladi Valley 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11696: 11694: 11690: 11685: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11641: 11639: 11637: 11633: 11629: 11625: 11624: 11618: 11614: 11607: 11602: 11600: 11595: 11593: 11588: 11587: 11584: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11561:Lost artworks 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11538: 11535: 11529: 11526: 11525: 11523: 11519: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11488: 11487: 11484: 11483: 11481: 11477: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11459: 11456: 11455: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11437: 11434: 11433: 11432: 11431:Grave robbery 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11407: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11390: 11389: 11388:United States 11386: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11370: 11367: 11366: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11351: 11349: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11336: 11334: 11330: 11327: 11326: 11324: 11320: 11317: 11316: 11314: 11310: 11307: 11306: 11305:Saudi Arabia 11304: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11291: 11289: 11285: 11282: 11281: 11279: 11275: 11274:Benin Bronzes 11272: 11271: 11269: 11265: 11262: 11261: 11259: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11246: 11244: 11240: 11237: 11236: 11234: 11230: 11227: 11226: 11224: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11211: 11209: 11205: 11202: 11201: 11199: 11195: 11192: 11191: 11189: 11185: 11182: 11181: 11179: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11166: 11164: 11160: 11157: 11156: 11154: 11150: 11147: 11146: 11144: 11140: 11137: 11136: 11134: 11130: 11127: 11126: 11124: 11123: 11121: 11117: 11114: 11108: 11104: 11100: 11096: 11092: 11084: 11079: 11077: 11072: 11070: 11065: 11064: 11061: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11003:Islamic state 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10985: 10983: 10979: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10964: 10962: 10958: 10951: 10948: 10945: 10942: 10939: 10936: 10928: 10927:Fall of Kabul 10925: 10924: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10909: 10908: 10905: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10896: 10893: 10892: 10890: 10888: 10884: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10849: 10847: 10845: 10841: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10815: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10762: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10735: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10709: 10706: 10705: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10672: 10671:Mullah Yaqoob 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10648: 10647: 10644: 10638: 10635: 10634: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10619: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10609: 10607: 10603: 10599: 10592: 10587: 10585: 10580: 10578: 10573: 10572: 10569: 10555: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10536: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10518: 10513: 10511: 10506: 10504: 10499: 10498: 10495: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10449: 10447: 10445: 10441: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10276: 10274: 10272: 10268: 10259: 10254: 10252: 10247: 10245: 10240: 10239: 10236: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10212: 10204: 10203: 10200: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10152: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10085: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10075: 10073: 10071: 10067: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10050: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9990: 9988: 9986: 9985:Miscellaneous 9982: 9976: 9975:Vegetarianism 9973: 9971: 9968: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9940: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9888: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9870: 9867: 9866: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9819: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9797:Buddha in art 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9781: 9778: 9777: 9776: 9773: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9732: 9729: 9728: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9693: 9692: 9689: 9688: 9686: 9684: 9680: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9590: 9588: 9586: 9582: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9519: 9516: 9515: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9502: 9499: 9498: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9469: 9465: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9451:United States 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9363: 9362: 9359: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9346: 9345: 9342: 9338: 9335: 9334: 9333: 9330: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9317: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9278: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9260: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9166: 9162: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9150: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9133: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9094: 9090: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9008:Padmasambhava 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8921: 8920:Major figures 8917: 8911: 8908: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8867: 8866:Western tulku 8864: 8863: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8798: 8796: 8794: 8790: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8763: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8738: 8736: 8734: 8730: 8724: 8721: 8717: 8714: 8713: 8712: 8709: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8691: 8690: 8687: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8667:Five precepts 8665: 8664: 8663: 8660: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8645:Dhamma vicaya 8643: 8641: 8638: 8637: 8636: 8633: 8629: 8626: 8625: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8556: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8492: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8467: 8466: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8455: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8413:Buddhābhiṣeka 8411: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8388: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8365: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8313: 8312: 8309: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8249: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8243: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8235: 8231: 8225: 8222: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8189: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8171: 8165: 8162: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8057:Enlightenment 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8047:Dhamma theory 8045: 8043: 8042:Buddha-nature 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8016: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7912: 7908: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7881:Samantabhadra 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7855: 7852: 7851: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7838: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7820: 7814: 7812: 7806: 7804: 7798: 7796: 7790: 7788: 7782: 7780: 7774: 7772: 7766: 7765: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7692: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7637: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7613: 7612: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7586: 7581: 7579: 7574: 7572: 7567: 7566: 7563: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7535:Bajaur casket 7533: 7531: 7530: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7483:Buner reliefs 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7449: 7439: 7438:Tepe Maranjan 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7359: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7286: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7204:Butkara Stupa 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7159:Sahr-i-Bahlol 7157: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7142: 7139: 7135: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7099: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7072:Kushan Empire 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7012: 7007: 7005: 7000: 6998: 6993: 6992: 6989: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6896:Oxus Treasure 6894: 6892: 6891: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6849:Orlat plaques 6847: 6845: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6835: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6803: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6741:Dasht-e Nawar 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6573:Monjukli Depe 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6558:Konye-Urgench 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6507: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6490:Takht-i Kuwad 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6449: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6286: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6249:Koshoy Korgon 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6105: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6015:Kumtura Caves 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5987:Western China 5984: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5972:Salbyk kurgan 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5962:Arzhan kurgan 5960: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5946: 5943: 5939: 5933: 5932:Serindian art 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5831:Mongol Empire 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5821:Ghurid Empire 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5736:Western Turks 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5686:Kushan Empire 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5671:Guiyi Circuit 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5646:Median Empire 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5626:Tagar culture 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5566: 5561: 5559: 5554: 5552: 5547: 5546: 5543: 5537: 5534: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5503: 5501: 5497: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5425: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5391: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5362: 5358: 5355: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5328: 5316: 5312: 5307: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5280:Braj Basi Lal 5278: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5252: 5251: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5219: 5218: 5213: 5206: 5198: 5191: 5175: 5169: 5163: 5162:90-73782-89-9 5159: 5155: 5149: 5134: 5127: 5121: 5105: 5101: 5095: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5053: 5047: 5032: 5028: 5021: 5005: 5001: 4995: 4980: 4976: 4969: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4943: 4937: 4931: 4926: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4893: 4877: 4870: 4855: 4851: 4844: 4829: 4825: 4818: 4816: 4807: 4803: 4796: 4781: 4777: 4771: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4730: 4729: 4724: 4717: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4657: 4656: 4651: 4644: 4628: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4587: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4554: 4542: 4535: 4520:on 6 May 2008 4519: 4515: 4514: 4509: 4503: 4496: 4491: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4453: 4445: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4409: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4359:. March 2015. 4358: 4352: 4344: 4340: 4339:The Telegraph 4335: 4328: 4313: 4309: 4303: 4295: 4289: 4281: 4275: 4264: 4260: 4253: 4246: 4238: 4234: 4228: 4220: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4201: 4193: 4191:9781594200076 4187: 4183: 4182:Penguin Group 4179: 4178: 4173: 4167: 4161: 4160:1-84904-026-5 4157: 4153: 4147: 4131: 4125: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4094: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4059: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4033: 4032: 4024: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3982:on 3 May 2009 3981: 3977: 3973: 3966: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3933: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3879: 3870: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3840: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3809: 3793: 3789: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3757: 3753: 3747: 3739: 3735: 3729: 3713: 3709: 3703: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3670: 3665: 3655: 3639: 3633: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3574: 3568: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3541: 3540:0-486-21597-0 3537: 3533: 3519: 3515: 3514:The Telegraph 3511: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3469: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3445: 3429: 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9923:Prayer beads 9691:Architecture 9570:969 Movement 9354:Saudi Arabia 9332:Central Asia 9325:South Africa 9147: 9130: 9063:Panchen Lama 8968:Buddhapālita 8564:Satipatthana 8559:Mindful Yoga 8472:Recollection 8386:Brahmavihara 8257:Japanese Zen 8252:Chinese Chan 8212:Animal realm 8019:Key concepts 7841:Bodhisattvas 7653:Three Jewels 7527: 7477: 7423:Sphola Stupa 7418:Khair Khaneh 7327:Kunala Stupa 7317:Mohra Muradu 7302:Dharmarajika 7264:Pushkalavati 7244:Saidu Sharif 7154:Takht-i-Bahi 7087:Hindu Shahis 6905: 6888: 6819:Mount Khajeh 6786:Qala-i-Jangi 6766:Khair Khaneh 6725: 6671:Khair Khaneh 6578:Namazga-Tepe 6533:Anau culture 6510:Turkmenistan 6427:Tavka Kurgan 6322:Balalyk Tepe 6239:Burana Tower 6229:Aigyr-Zhal 2 6121:Issyk kurgan 5856:Kart dynasty 5851:Sufi dynasty 5841:Golden Horde 5766:Oghuz Yabgus 5741:Tang dynasty 5706:Hephthalites 5631:Uyuk culture 5505: 5437: 5405:. 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6327:Burchmulla 6289:Uzbekistan 6279:Tash Rabat 6254:Manas Ordo 6221:Kyrgyzstan 6108:Kazakhstan 5811:Ghaznavids 5716:Ustrushana 5711:Tocharians 5641:Massagetae 5407:2007-01-26 5321:6 December 4979:Rivertrain 4958:6 November 4381:2007-03-13 4013:27 October 4007:The Rediff 3558:2008-04-29 2739:(2): 299. 2289:: 231–236. 2247:References 2196:Iconoclasm 2122:John Boyne 2103:Raja Dahir 1979:Temple of 1915:(ICOMOS). 1780:ETH Zurich 1719:Tilaurakot 1694:Pushpagiri 1548:Kushinagar 1450:Dalai Lama 1422:Steve Coll 1396:, and the 1232:Hepthalite 1125:(ESRF) in 914:rulers of 912:Hepthalite 604:province. 470:Hindu Kush 359:under the 187:67°49′36″E 184:34°49′55″N 148:Endangered 12554:Silk Road 12539:Hazarajat 12254:(1250 CE) 12194:(438 BCE) 12192:Parthenon 12190:from the 12145:Aluminium 12115:Jesmonite 12089:Soapstone 12029:Limestone 11947:Classical 11876:Earth art 11832:Sculpture 11785:Yakawlang 11750:Governors 11729:Shebartoo 11692:Landforms 11674:Yakawlang 11636:Districts 11503:Libraries 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