Buffalo nickel - Knowledge

541:] he was warranted in doing". On February 3, Hobbs sent Roberts a lengthy list of changes that he wanted in the coin, and the sculptor was required to attend a conference with Hobbs and Reith. On the fifth, following the conference, which ended with no agreement, Fraser sent MacVeagh a ten-page letter, complaining that his time was being wasted by the Hobbs Company and appealing to the Secretary to bring the situation to a close. MacVeagh agreed to hold a meeting at his office in Washington on February 14. When the Hobbs Company requested permission to bring a lawyer, Fraser announced he would be doing the same. The Hobbs Company sought letters of support from the business community, with little success; Fraser's efforts to secure support from artists for his position were more fruitful. Barber prepared patterns showing what the nickel would look like if the changes demanded by Hobbs were made. MacVeagh conducted the meeting much like a legal hearing, and issued a letter the following day. 485:, but Fraser soon developed a design featuring a Native American on one side and a bison on the other. Andrew and Roberts recommended Fraser to MacVeagh, and in July 1911 the Secretary approved hiring Fraser to design a new nickel. Official approval was slow in coming; it was not until January 1912 that MacVeagh asked Roberts to inform Fraser that he had been commissioned. MacVeagh wrote, "Tell him that of the three sketches which he submitted we would like to use the sketch of the head of the Indian and the sketch of the buffalo." Roberts transmitted the news, then followed up with a long list of instructions to the sculptor, in which he noted, "The motto, 'In God We Trust', is not required upon this coin and I presume we are agreed that nothing should be upon it that is not required." Fraser completed the models by June 1912, and prepared coin-size 256: 200: 135: 964: 863: 637:

Liberty Head nickel. His department was straining to produce enough new dies to meet production. In addition, the date and denomination were the points on the coin most subject to wear, and Landis feared the value on the coin would be worn away. Barber made proposed revisions, which Fraser approved after being sent samples. These changes enlarged the legend "FIVE CENTS" and changed the ground on which the bison stands from a hill to flat ground. According to data compiled by numismatic historian David Lange from the

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sculptor told the Mint director that the firm wanted changes made, and Fraser agreed to meet with them further. Over the following two weeks, Fraser worked with George Reith, the Hobbs Company's mechanic who had invented the anti-slug device, in an attempt to satisfy the firm's concerns. On January 20, Fraser wired the Mint from his studio in New York, announcing that he was submitting a modified design, and explained that the delay was "caused by working with inventor until he was satisfied". The next day,

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repunched with the "D" and sent to Denver so they would not be wasted—no San Francisco Buffalo nickels were struck in 1938, but they were produced at Denver, and it was already known that a new design would be introduced. The 1938-D/S was the first repunched mintmark of any US coin to be discovered, causing great excitement among numismatists when the variety came to light in 1962.

582: 887:. Fraser later wrote that the model "was not a plains buffalo, but none other than Black Diamond, the contrariest animal in the Bronx Zoo. I stood for hours ... He refused point blank to permit me to get side views of him, and stubbornly showed his front face most of the time." However, Black Diamond was never at the Bronx Zoo, but instead lived at the 645:, wanted further changes in the coin, but Fraser had moved on to other projects and was uninterested in revisiting the nickel. The thickness of the numerals in the date was gradually increased, making them more durable; however the problem was never addressed with complete success, and even many later-date Buffalo nickels have the date worn away. 457: 669:), through the remainder of the 1910s. In 1921, a recession began, and no nickels at all were struck the following year. The low mintage for the series was the 1926-S, at 970,000 — the only date-mint combination with a mintage of less than 1 million. The second lowest mintage for the series came with the 1931 nickel struck at the 535:

pronounced himself satisfied. Hobbs Company agent C. U. Carpenter suggested that Reith had been intimidated by the preparations that had already gone into the issue of the modified nickel, "and, instead of pointing out clearly just what the situation demanded, agreed to adapt our device to the coin more readily that [

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the artist was reluctant to agree. When in December 1912, the Hobbs Company submitted a modified design for the nickel, MacVeagh strongly opposed it. On December 18, Roberts officially approved Fraser's design, and the sculptor was authorized to complete and perfect the design, after which he would be paid $ 2,500 (

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The Buffalo nickel saw minor changes to the design in 1916. The word "LIBERTY" was given more emphasis and moved slightly; however many Denver and San Francisco issues of the 1920s exhibit weak striking of the word, the Denver issue of 1926 especially; Bowers questions whether any change was made to

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On January 7, 1913, Fraser's approved design was used to strike experimental pieces; the sculptor later wrote that he remembered several of the workmen commenting that the new piece struck more easily than the old. Afterwards, Roberts asked Fraser if the Hobbs Company was content with the design. The

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From its inception, the coin was referred to as the "Buffalo nickel", reflecting the American colloquialism for the North American bison. As the piece is 75% copper and 25% nickel, prominent numismatist Stuart Mosher objected to the nomenclature in the 1940s, writing that he was "uncertain

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Another variety is the 1938-D/S, caused by dies bearing an "S" mintmark being repunched with a "D" and used to strike coins at Denver. While the actual course of events is uncertain, Bowers is convinced that the variety was created because Buffalo nickel dies intended for the San Francisco mint were

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requested further information. According to Hobbs, his firm was the manufacturer of a device which would detect counterfeit nickels inserted into vending machines with complete accuracy. Discussions continued for most of the rest of 1912, with Hobbs demanding various changes to the design, to which

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allowed criminals to gild the new nickels and pass them as five-dollar coins. An Act of Congress, passed into law on September 26, 1890, required that coin designs not be changed until they had been in use 25 years, unless Congress authorized the change. The act excepted the current five-cent

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Soon after the MacVeagh letter, Andrew announced that the Mint would be soliciting new designs for the nickel. Fraser, who had been an assistant to Saint-Gaudens, approached the Mint and rapidly produced concepts and designs. The new Mint director, George Roberts, who had replaced Andrew, initially

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in 2001 successfully sponsored a bill for the minting of 500,000 commemorative silver dollars reproducing Fraser's design. The entire mintage sold out in the span of just weeks and raised 5 million dollars to help in the building of The Smithsonian Museum of The American Indian in Washington, D.C.

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When the Buffalo nickel had been in circulation for the minimum 25 years, it was replaced with little discussion or protest. The problems of die life and weak striking had never been solved, and Mint officials advocated its replacement. In January 1938, the Mint announced an open competition for a

696:, who in seeking to remove marks from a reverse die (caused by the dies making contact with each other), accidentally removed or greatly weakened one of the animal's legs. By the time Mint inspectors discovered and condemned the die, thousands of pieces had been struck and mixed with other coins. 677:

asked the San Francisco Mint to strike more so that the pieces would not be hoarded. Using materials on hand, including the melting down of worn-out nickels, San Francisco found enough metal to strike 1,000,000 more pieces. Large quantities were saved in the hope they would become valuable,

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in his reference work on United States coins states that Barber made the Indian's nose slightly longer. According to Breen, however, none of these modifications helped, with the coin rarely found well-struck and with the design subject to considerable wear throughout the remainder of its run. The

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It is of course true that only the most serious business considerations should stand in the way of the improvement of the coinage, and this particular coin has great claims of its own, because of its special quality. If we should stop new coinage—which is always allowed every twenty-five years—for

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In July 1912, word of the new design became publicly known, and coin-operated machine manufacturers sought information. Replying to the inquiries, MacVeagh wrote that there would be no change in the diameter, thickness, or weight of the nickel. This satisfied most firms. However, Clarence Hobbs of

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A little matter that seems to have been overlooked by all of you is the opportunity to beautify the design of the nickel or five cent piece during your administration, and it seems to me that it would be a permanent souvenir of a most attractive sort. As possibly you are aware, it is the only coin

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The identity of the Indians whom Fraser used as models is somewhat uncertain, as Fraser told various and not always consistent stories during the forty years he lived after designing the nickel. In December 1913, he wrote to Mint Director Roberts that "efore the nickel was made I had done several

613:. Forty nickels were sent by the Mint for the ceremony; most were distributed to the Native American chiefs who participated. Payment for Fraser's work was approved on March 3, 1913, the final full day of the Taft administration. In addition to the $ 2,500 agreed upon, Fraser received $ 666.15 ( 636:

With the coin now in production, Barber monitored the rate at which dies were expended, as it was the responsibility of his Engraver's Department to supply all three mints with working dies. On March 11, 1913, he wrote to Landis that the dies were being used up three times faster than with the

428:. The press found out about the pieces, and speculated that they would be in circulation by the end of the year. The Mint received orders from banks in anticipation of the "Washington nickel". However, the project was discontinued when Leach left office, on November 1, 1909, to be replaced by 358:

Despite attempts by the Mint to adjust the design, the coins proved to strike indistinctly, and to be subject to wear—the dates were easily worn away in circulation. In 1938, after the expiration of the minimum 25-year period during which the design could not be replaced without congressional

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until he was sold and slaughtered in 1915. Black Diamond's mounted head is still extant and has been exhibited at coin conventions. The placement of Black Diamond's horns differs considerably from that of the animal on the nickel, leading to doubts that Black Diamond was Fraser's model. One

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Despite the apparent agreement, the Hobbs Company continued to interpose objections. Engraver Barber was asked for his view; he stated that Reith, who had attended the trial striking, had been given all the time and facilities he had asked for in testing the new pieces, and the mechanic had

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any commercial obstacles less than imperative, we should have to abandon a worthy coinage altogether. This would be a most serious handicap to the art of the Nation, for scarcely any form of art is more influential than an artistic coin, where the coin is widely circulated.

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the design of which you can change during your administration, as I believe there is a law to the effect that the designs must not be changed oftener than every twenty-five years. I should think also it might be the coin of which the greatest numbers are in circulation.

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The Secretary noted that no other firm had complained, that the Hobbs mechanism had not been widely sold, and that the changes demanded—a clear space around the rim and the flattening of the Indian's cheekbone—would affect the artistic merit of the piece.

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Well, when I was asked to do a nickel, I felt I wanted to do something totally American—a coin that could not be mistaken for any other country's coin. It occurred to me that the buffalo, as part of our western background, was 100% American, and that our

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was a model for the nickel. Adams wrote in reply, "According to our records, the portrait is a composite. There have been many claimants for this honor, all of whom are undoubtedly sincere in the belief that theirs is the one that adorns the nickel."

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stated in an editorial that "The new 'nickel' is a striking example of what a coin intended for wide circulation should not be ... is not pleasing to look at when new and shiny, and will be an abomination when old and dull."

420:, and half eagle were designed by other artists and released into circulation by 1909. By that time, the Liberty Head nickel had been in circulation for more than 25 years and was eligible for redesign. In 1909, Mint Director 561:, which Hobbs claimed had enthusiastically received his device, was actually removing it from service as unsatisfactory. The Secretary's decision did not end the Hobbs Company efforts, as the firm appealed to President 654:

bison's horn and tail also posed striking problems, again with the Denver and San Francisco issues of the 1920s in general, and 1926-D in particular, showing the greatest propensity for these deficiencies.

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from the twenty-five-year rule and made them eligible for immediate redesign. However, the Mint continued to strike the Liberty Head nickel in large numbers through the first decade of the 20th century.

838:, claimed to be a model for Fraser's coin, and made many public appearances as the "nickel Indian" until his 1967 death at the age of 90 (though he sometimes alleged he was over 100 years of age). 692:

A well-known variety in the series is the 1937–D "three-legged" nickel, on which one of the buffalo's legs is missing. Breen relates that this variety was caused by a pressman, Mr. Young, at the

569:, "Certainly Hobbs got all the time and attention out of this administration that any administration could afford to give to one manufacturing corporation." Numismatic historian and coin dealer 443:. Although the change in the cent did not occur, according to numismatic historian Roger Burdette, "Fraser's enthusiasm eventually led to adoption of the Buffalo nickel in December 1912." 565:. With only two weeks remaining in his term, the President was not minded to stop the new nickel (production of which had started on February 18) and MacVeagh wrote to Taft's secretary, 842:

was identified as the model for the nickel in wire service reports about his death, and he had appeared in that capacity at the Texas Numismatic Association convention in 1966. After

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tribal chief, was capitalizing off his claim to be the model for the coin. To try to put an end to the claim, Fraser wrote that he had used three Indians for the piece, including "

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was announced as the winner. The last Buffalo nickels were struck in April 1938, at the Denver Mint, the only mint to strike them that year. On October 3, 1938, production of the

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Superintendent John Landis sent Roberts a sample striking of the revised design, stating, "the only change is in the border, which has been made round and true".

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to redesign all of them. Constrained by the 1890 act, the Mint hired Saint-Gaudens to redesign only the cent and the four gold pieces. Saint-Gaudens designed the

3967: 344:. The designs were approved in 1912, but were delayed several months because of objections from the Hobbs Manufacturing Company, which made mechanisms to detect 827:, a Cheyenne". Despite the sculptor's efforts, he (and the Mint) continued to receive inquiries about the identity of the Indian model until his 1953 death. 788:, and one or two others, and probably got characteristics from those men in the head on the coins, but my purpose was not to make a portrait but a type." 1214:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

815:, the best Indian head I can remember. The other one was Two Moons, the other I cannot recall." In 1938, Fraser stated that the three Indians had been " 2022: 1963: 620:

The coins were officially released to circulation on March 4, 1913, and quickly gained positive comments as depicting truly American themes. However,

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Mint Director George E. Roberts (shown on his Mint medal) did his best to bring the nickel to fruition despite the conflict between Fraser and Hobbs.

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The visage of the Indian which dominates Fraser's obverse design was a composite of several Native Americans. Breen noted (before the advent of the

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on January 27, 1913, Fraser was quoted as saying that the animal, which he did not name, was a "typical and shaggy specimen" which he found at the

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why it is called a 'Buffalo nickel' although the name is preferable to 'Bison copper'". The numismatic publication with the greatest circulation,

846:'s death, the Mint stated that he most likely was not one of the models for the nickel. There have been other claimants: in 1964, Montana Senator 4132: 3919: 2096: 387:. After the first coins were circulated, the design was modified to add the word "CENTS" to the reverse because the similarity in size with the 851: 4112: 641:, the changes to what are known as Type II nickels (with the originals Type I) actually decreased the die life. The new Treasury Secretary, 3873: 2002: 1249: 573:

describes the Hobbs matter as "much ado about nothing from a company whose devices did not work well even with the Liberty Head nickels".

489:. He brought the models and electrotypes to Washington on July 10, where they met with the enthusiastic agreement of Secretary MacVeagh. 3833: 3786: 2089: 673:. The 1931-S was minted in a quantity of 194,000 early in the year. There was no need for more to be struck, but Acting Mint Director 4032: 3473: 2112: 460:

Franklin MacVeagh, Secretary of the Treasury under Taft. A letter to him by his son may have been the genesis of the Buffalo nickel.

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As part of a drive to beautify the coinage, five denominations of US coins had received new designs between 1907 and 1909. In 1911,

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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

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The first coins to be distributed were given out on February 22, 1913, when Taft presided at groundbreaking ceremonies for the

2541: 1758: 3998: 3821: 3449: 2064: 1945: 1926: 1907: 1888: 1866: 2828: 2667: 2624: 2571: 2470: 991: 3774: 3896: 915: 926:. Photographer Mitchell Simon, inspired by an encounter with a buffalo, launched a post card campaign. Colorado Senator 348:

in nickel-operated machines. The company was not satisfied by changes made in the coin by Fraser, and in February 1913,

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recorded in 1965, he stated that he "made" and "designed the buffalo" for the coin, when he was Fraser's apprentice.

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candidate cited by Bowers is Bronx, a bison who was for many years the herd leader of the bison at the Bronx Zoo.

760:) that Fraser's design was the second and last US coin design to feature a realistic portrait of an Indian, after 3639: 1759:"Oral history interview with Beniamino Bufano, 1965 October 4, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution" 638: 4072: 3543: 3524: 2728: 2349: 2170: 2120: 923: 796: 3882: 3827: 2026: 440: 318: 271: 226: 165: 439:, which was new, and considered seeking congressional authorization to replace it with a design by sculptor 3991: 3983: 3496: 2637: 1241: 1221: 424:

instructed Barber to make pattern coins for new nickels. Most of these coins featured the first president,

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for the nickel, and commissioned Fraser to do the work. They were impressed by Fraser's designs showing a

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A dateless coin, showing the effects of circulation on the Buffalo nickel. This is a Type II reverse.

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expressed his dissatisfaction with the artistic state of American coins, and hoped to hire sculptor

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Clarence W. Hobbs. Objections by his firm delayed the Buffalo nickel for months.

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20,536 with inflation) for extra work and expenses through February 14.

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You will please, therefore, proceed with the coinage of the new nickel.

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gold bullion pieces, using a modification of Fraser's Type I design.

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and the coin is not particularly rare today despite the low mintage.

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Reverse of the American Buffalo gold coins, struck beginning in 2006

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According to Fraser, the animal that appears on the reverse is the

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The piece was struck by the tens of millions, at all three mints (

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Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins

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began, and they were released into circulation on November 15.

86: 80: 1989:. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office 791: 2111: 1714: 1712: 1071:, pp. 806–807, 26 Stat L. 484, amendment to R.S. §3510. 1473: 1410: 1383: 1299: 1275: 1263: 1185: 1103: 1101: 1729: 1727: 2057:

Fascinating Facts, Mysteries & Myths About U.S. Coins

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In a 1947 radio interview, Fraser discussed his design:

605:, was never built, and today the site is occupied by an 557:

After he issued his decision, MacVeagh learned that the

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Supplement to the revised statutes of the United States

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During an "oral history" interview with the sculptor

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Van Ryzin, Robert R. "Which Indian Really Modeled?"

1739: 1680: 1656: 1572: 1557: 1545: 1509: 1485: 1434: 1395: 1323: 1050: 945: 2987:(1921–1935; 2021–present; patterns struck in 1964) 2025:. United States Mint. June 20, 2006. Archived from 1125: 1086: 1074: 355:decided to issue the coins despite the objections. 1818:US Mint, 2001 American Buffalo Commemorative Coins 919:refers to it as an "Indian Head or Buffalo type". 481:favored a design featuring assassinated President 2003:"The United States Mint Historical Image Library" 1919:History of the United States Mint and its Coinage 1829:Congressional Record - U.S. Senate S6913, 5-18-95 1016:, artistically carved nickels created during the 4099: 3464: 114:. Centered under "FIVE CENTS" on the reverse. 1202: 1200: 383:was issued, featuring designs by Mint Engraver 704:new nickel design, to feature early President 3867: 3450: 2097: 1859:A Guide Book of Buffalo and Jefferson Nickels 922:In 2001, the design was adopted for use on a 150:Right profile of a Native American, based on 16:US 5-cent copper–nickel coin minted 1913–1938 1197: 1961: 1718: 3874: 3860: 3787:America the Beautiful silver bullion coins 3457: 3443: 2737:Washington (crossing the Delaware reverse) 2302:(1856–1858, patterns struck in 1854–1855) 2104: 2090: 1982: 1900:Renaissance of American Coinage, 1909–1915 1839:US Mint Strikes First Pure Gold U.S. Coins 1068: 4033:World War I Victory Medal (United States) 2077:NGC Coin Encyclopedia for Buffalo Nickels 576: 2900:Continental Currency (Fugio or Franklin) 2113:Circulating coinage of the United States 1962:Porterfield, Walden R. (March 3, 1970). 1897: 1733: 1703: 1650: 1539: 1527: 1503: 1479: 1455: 1428: 1416: 1389: 1377: 1365: 1353: 1341: 1317: 1305: 1293: 1281: 1269: 1227: 1207: 1191: 1179: 1167: 1155: 1119: 1107: 909:, calls it an Indian head nickel, while 861: 790: 727: 680: 580: 525: 496: 455: 3968:Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt 1983:Richardson, William Allen, ed. (1891). 1902:. Great Falls, Va.: Seneca Mill Press. 1250:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 559:Hudson & Manhattan Railroad Company 464:On May 4, 1911, Eames MacVeagh, son of 4133:Works by James Earle Fraser (sculptor) 4100: 3881: 3793:American Liberty high relief gold coin 3425:) Planned but production not commenced 3416:Currently produced for collectors only 2721:Washington (D.C. and U.S. Territories) 1853: 1805: 1745: 1691: 1674: 1638: 1626: 1614: 1602: 1590: 1578: 1551: 1515: 1467: 1404: 1056: 708:on the obverse, and Jefferson's home, 359:authorization, it was replaced by the 314:from 1913 to 1938. It was designed by 3855: 3438: 2353:(1864–1873, patterns struck in 1863) 2312:(1859–1909, patterns struck in 1858) 2085: 1935: 1916: 1875: 1662: 1566: 1491: 1443: 1329: 1248:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 1143: 1131: 1092: 1080: 1044: 515:78,900 with inflation) for his work. 4113:Five-cent coins of the United States 3298:(1850–1907, pattern struck in 1849) 2005:. United States Mint. Archived from 1921:. Atlanta, Ga.: Whitman Publishing. 1861:. Atlanta, Ga.: Whitman Publishing. 992:United States nickel mintage figures 724:Design, models, and name controversy 506:the Hobbs Manufacturing Company, of 3897:Benjamin Franklin National Memorial 877:. In an interview published in the 854:, enquiring if Sam Resurrection, a 752:fitted into the picture perfectly. 649:the portrait of the Indian, though 13: 2729:Washington (America the Beautiful) 2042: 795:Fraser's design was adapted for a 14: 4144: 4051:Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar 2070: 1023:Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar 934:In 2006, the Mint began striking 780:portraits of Indians, among them 591:National American Indian Memorial 435:Andrew was dissatisfied with the 3344:Two and a half cent piece (2.5¢) 2977:(1878–1904; 1921; 2021–present) 976: 962: 948: 830:Nevertheless, a similarly named 797:2001 commemorative silver dollar 254: 198: 133: 3928:John Ericsson National Memorial 2756:Washington (Semiquincentennial) 1823: 1773: 1751: 492: 4073:American Buffalo silver dollar 60:21.21 mm (0.8350 in) 1: 4108:Currencies introduced in 1913 3992:General George S. Patton, Jr. 2292:(1850–1851, 1853, 1884–1885) 1883:. New York, N.Y.: Doubleday. 1032: 451: 374: 328:officials decided to replace 3984:Harvey S. Firestone Memorial 3466:Coinage of the United States 1964:"The Billion Dollar Profile" 1242:American Antiquarian Society 1222:American Antiquarian Society 688:made from the Buffalo nickel 446: 7: 2746:Washington (American Women) 1898:Burdette, Roger W. (2007). 941: 924:commemorative silver dollar 712:on the reverse. In April, 10: 4149: 4085:National Sculpture Society 4068:Laura Gardin Fraser (wife) 2697:Washington (eagle reverse) 1006:University of North Dakota 4118:Native Americans on coins 4060: 4019: 4008:Aspiration and Literature 3889: 3802: 3741: 3663: 3602: 3515: 3472: 3413:) Currently in production 3395: 3330: 3283: 3240: 3177: 3156: 3093: 3060: 3051: 3004:Eisenhower (bicentennial) 2888: 2777: 2766:Washington (youth sports) 2705:Washington (bicentennial) 2636: 2613: 2522: 2404: 2361: 2330: 2182: 2119: 1938:The U.S. Mint and Coinage 1787:. Colby Library Quarterly 285: 277: 267: 248: 240: 232: 222: 211: 192: 187: 179: 171: 161: 146: 127: 122: 118:specimens lack mint mark. 103: 95: 72: 64: 56: 45: 33: 24: 3960:Second Division Memorial 1917:Lange, David W. (2006). 1002:North Dakota State Bison 611:Verrazano-Narrows Bridge 508:Worcester, Massachusetts 3904:Frederick Keep Monument 2444:(1796–1797, 1800–1805) 928:Ben Nighthorse Campbell 850:wrote to Mint Director 599:Staten Island, New York 471:, wrote to his father: 310:that was struck by the 3354:Two dollar piece ($ 2) 3095:Quarter eagle ($ 2.50) 2878:Kennedy (bicentennial) 2059:, Krause Publications 867: 800: 754: 740: 689: 675:Mary Margaret O'Reilly 586: 577:Release and production 555: 531: 502: 478: 461: 406:Augustus Saint-Gaudens 4079:American Buffalo coin 2713:Washington (50 State) 2501:Buffalo (Indian Head) 2393:Nickel (Liberty Head) 2383:Bronze (Coronet Head) 2055:Van Ryzin, Robert R. 1968:The Milwaukee Journal 865: 794: 750:North American Indian 745: 731: 684: 584: 547: 529: 500: 473: 459: 4045:Norse-American medal 3836:(1976, 1992–present) 1936:Taxay, Don (1983) . 984:United States portal 3775:First Spouse (gold) 3285:Double eagle ($ 20) 3157:Three dollars ($ 3) 3040:American Innovation 1641:, pp. 141–142. 1617:, pp. 127–128. 1605:, pp. 125–126. 1482:, pp. 252–253. 1419:, pp. 211–213. 1392:, pp. 208–209. 1308:, pp. 200–201. 1284:, pp. 194–196. 1272:, pp. 193–194. 1194:, pp. 181–183. 1146:, pp. 340–342. 1047:, pp. 252–253. 1027:Laura Gardin Fraser 805:Two Guns White Calf 400:In 1904, President 381:Liberty Head nickel 334:Liberty Head design 326:Taft administration 286:Design discontinued 241:Design discontinued 180:Design discontinued 21: 3936:Lincoln the Mystic 3920:Alexander Hamilton 3883:James Earle Fraser 3033:(2007–2016; 2020) 3015:(1979–1981; 1999) 2615:Twenty cents (20¢) 2464:(1866; 1909–1910) 2282:(1839–1857, 1868) 2009:on August 16, 2011 970:Numismatics portal 868: 807:, son of the last 801: 741: 690: 671:San Francisco Mint 623:The New York Times 587: 532: 503: 466:Treasury Secretary 462: 441:James Earle Fraser 402:Theodore Roosevelt 350:Treasury Secretary 319:James Earle Fraser 312:United States Mint 301:Indian Head nickel 272:James Earle Fraser 227:James Earle Fraser 166:James Earle Fraser 19: 4093: 4092: 4004:Music and Harvest 4000:The Arts of Peace 3849: 3848: 3777:(2007–2016; 2020) 3432: 3431: 3374:Half union ($ 50) 3326: 3325: 3062:Gold dollar ($ 1) 2910:Nova Constellatio 2789:Nova Constellatio 2779:Half dollar (50¢) 2533:Nova Constellatio 2131:Nova Constellatio 2065:978-1-4402-0650-4 1947:978-0-915262-68-7 1928:978-0-7948-1972-9 1909:978-0-9768986-2-7 1890:978-0-385-14207-6 1868:978-0-7948-2008-4 1808:, pp. 41–42. 1677:, pp. 38–39. 1470:, pp. 46–47. 1110:, pp. 93–97. 643:William G. McAdoo 639:National Archives 567:Charles D. Hilles 521:Philadelphia Mint 469:Franklin MacVeagh 426:George Washington 385:Charles E. Barber 353:Franklin MacVeagh 330:Charles E. Barber 293: 292: 116:Philadelphia Mint 37:5 US cents (0.05 4140: 4020:Coins and medals 3912:End of the Trail 3876: 3869: 3862: 3853: 3852: 3834:Silver Proof Set 3822:Special Mint Set 3629: 3628: 3624: 3621: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3459: 3452: 3445: 3436: 3435: 3422:bold and italics 3388: 3378: 3368: 3358: 3348: 3319: 3309: 3305:Quintuple Stella 3299: 3276: 3266: 3256: 3233: 3223: 3213: 3203: 3193: 3179:Half eagle ($ 5) 3170: 3149: 3139: 3129: 3119: 3109: 3086: 3076: 3058: 3057: 3044: 3034: 3026: 3016: 3013:Susan B. Anthony 3008: 2998: 2988: 2978: 2968: 2958: 2948: 2938: 2924: 2914: 2904: 2881: 2873: 2863: 2853: 2843: 2833: 2823: 2813: 2803: 2793: 2770: 2760: 2750: 2740: 2732: 2724: 2716: 2708: 2700: 2692: 2688:Standing Liberty 2682: 2672: 2662: 2652: 2629: 2606: 2596: 2586: 2576: 2566: 2556: 2546: 2515: 2505: 2495: 2485: 2475: 2465: 2455: 2445: 2435: 2425: 2397: 2387: 2377: 2363:Three cents (3¢) 2354: 2344: 2323: 2313: 2303: 2293: 2283: 2273: 2263: 2253: 2243: 2233: 2223: 2213: 2203: 2199:Fugio (Franklin) 2175: 2165: 2155: 2145: 2135: 2106: 2099: 2092: 2083: 2082: 2052:February 6, 1990 2038: 2036: 2034: 2018: 2016: 2014: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1951: 1932: 1913: 1894: 1872: 1855:Bowers, Q. David 1842: 1836: 1830: 1827: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1797: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1783:Benjamino Bufano 1781:"Bowden, Harry. 1777: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1731: 1722: 1719:Porterfield 1970 1716: 1707: 1701: 1695: 1689: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1636: 1630: 1624: 1618: 1612: 1606: 1600: 1594: 1588: 1582: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1537: 1531: 1525: 1519: 1513: 1507: 1501: 1495: 1489: 1483: 1477: 1471: 1465: 1459: 1453: 1447: 1441: 1432: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1408: 1402: 1393: 1387: 1381: 1375: 1369: 1363: 1357: 1351: 1345: 1339: 1333: 1327: 1321: 1315: 1309: 1303: 1297: 1291: 1285: 1279: 1273: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1245: 1239: 1225: 1219: 1204: 1195: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1171: 1165: 1159: 1153: 1147: 1141: 1135: 1129: 1123: 1117: 1111: 1105: 1096: 1090: 1084: 1078: 1072: 1066: 1060: 1054: 1048: 1042: 1018:Great Depression 986: 981: 980: 979: 972: 967: 966: 965: 958: 953: 952: 951: 936:American Buffalo 897:Beniamino Bufano 889:Central Park Zoo 758:Sacagawea dollar 718:Jefferson nickel 706:Thomas Jefferson 603:Rodman Wanamaker 369:American Buffalo 361:Jefferson nickel 258: 202: 137: 96:Years of minting 22: 18: 4148: 4147: 4143: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4137: 4098: 4097: 4094: 4089: 4056: 4015: 3976:Albert Gallatin 3885: 3880: 3850: 3845: 3798: 3781:Palladium Eagle 3737: 3659: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3598: 3539:1¢ (large size) 3530: 3526: 3525: 3511: 3468: 3463: 3433: 3428: 3391: 3381: 3371: 3361: 3351: 3341: 3333: 3322: 3312: 3302: 3292: 3279: 3269: 3259: 3249: 3236: 3226: 3216: 3206: 3196: 3186: 3173: 3166:Indian Princess 3163: 3152: 3142: 3132: 3122: 3112: 3102: 3089: 3082:Indian Princess 3079: 3069: 3047: 3037: 3029: 3025:(2000–present) 3019: 3011: 3001: 2991: 2981: 2971: 2961: 2951: 2941: 2927: 2917: 2907: 2897: 2884: 2876: 2872:(1964–present) 2866: 2856: 2849:Walking Liberty 2846: 2836: 2826: 2816: 2806: 2796: 2786: 2773: 2763: 2753: 2743: 2735: 2727: 2719: 2711: 2703: 2695: 2685: 2675: 2665: 2655: 2645: 2632: 2622: 2609: 2605:(1946–present) 2599: 2589: 2579: 2569: 2559: 2549: 2539: 2518: 2514:(1938–present) 2508: 2498: 2488: 2478: 2468: 2458: 2448: 2438: 2428: 2418: 2409: 2400: 2390: 2380: 2370: 2357: 2347: 2337: 2326: 2322:(1909–present) 2316: 2306: 2296: 2286: 2276: 2266: 2256: 2246: 2236: 2226: 2216: 2206: 2196: 2187: 2178: 2168: 2158: 2148: 2138: 2128: 2115: 2110: 2073: 2050:Numismatic News 2045: 2043:Further reading 2032: 2030: 2029:on May 30, 2013 2012: 2010: 1992: 1990: 1973: 1971: 1948: 1929: 1910: 1891: 1869: 1845: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1816: 1812: 1804: 1800: 1790: 1788: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1764: 1762: 1757: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1740: 1732: 1725: 1717: 1710: 1702: 1698: 1690: 1681: 1673: 1669: 1661: 1657: 1649: 1645: 1637: 1633: 1625: 1621: 1613: 1609: 1601: 1597: 1589: 1585: 1577: 1573: 1565: 1558: 1550: 1546: 1538: 1534: 1526: 1522: 1514: 1510: 1502: 1498: 1490: 1486: 1478: 1474: 1466: 1462: 1454: 1450: 1442: 1435: 1427: 1423: 1415: 1411: 1403: 1396: 1388: 1384: 1376: 1372: 1364: 1360: 1352: 1348: 1340: 1336: 1328: 1324: 1316: 1312: 1304: 1300: 1292: 1288: 1280: 1276: 1268: 1264: 1254: 1252: 1237: 1229:McCusker, J. J. 1217: 1209:McCusker, J. J. 1205: 1198: 1190: 1186: 1178: 1174: 1166: 1162: 1154: 1150: 1142: 1138: 1130: 1126: 1118: 1114: 1106: 1099: 1091: 1087: 1079: 1075: 1069:Richardson 1891 1067: 1063: 1055: 1051: 1043: 1039: 1035: 982: 977: 975: 968: 963: 961: 954: 949: 947: 944: 880:New York Herald 823:, a Kiowa; and 733:Chief Iron Tail 726: 630:The Numismatist 579: 571:Q. David Bowers 495: 483:Abraham Lincoln 454: 449: 377: 338:Native American 308:five-cent piece 263: 262: 261: 260: 259: 207: 206: 205: 204: 203: 142: 141: 140: 139: 138: 91: 29: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4146: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4128:Bison on coins 4125: 4123:American bison 4120: 4115: 4110: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4027:Buffalo nickel 4023: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4013: 3996: 3988: 3980: 3972: 3964: 3956: 3948: 3940: 3932: 3924: 3916: 3908: 3900: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3886: 3879: 3878: 3871: 3864: 3856: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3818:(1947–present) 3813: 3812:(1936–present) 3806: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3796: 3795:(2015–present) 3790: 3784: 3783:(2017–present) 3778: 3772: 3771:(2006–present) 3766: 3765:(1997–present) 3763:Platinum Eagle 3760: 3759:(1986–present) 3754: 3753:(1986–present) 3747: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3669: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3614: 3608: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3521: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3478: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3462: 3461: 3454: 3447: 3439: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3426: 3417: 3414: 3407: 3404: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3389: 3379: 3369: 3359: 3349: 3338: 3336: 3332:Other canceled 3328: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3310: 3300: 3289: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3277: 3267: 3257: 3246: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3224: 3214: 3204: 3194: 3183: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3171: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3140: 3130: 3120: 3110: 3099: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3087: 3077: 3066: 3064: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3045: 3035: 3027: 3017: 3009: 2999: 2989: 2979: 2969: 2959: 2954:Seated Liberty 2949: 2939: 2925: 2915: 2905: 2894: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2882: 2874: 2864: 2854: 2844: 2834: 2829:Seated Liberty 2824: 2814: 2804: 2794: 2783: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2771: 2761: 2751: 2741: 2733: 2725: 2717: 2709: 2701: 2693: 2683: 2673: 2668:Seated Liberty 2663: 2653: 2642: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2630: 2625:Seated Liberty 2619: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2607: 2597: 2587: 2577: 2572:Seated Liberty 2567: 2557: 2547: 2537: 2528: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2516: 2506: 2496: 2486: 2476: 2471:Seated Liberty 2466: 2456: 2446: 2436: 2426: 2415: 2413: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2398: 2388: 2378: 2367: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2355: 2345: 2334: 2332: 2331:Two cents (2¢) 2328: 2327: 2325: 2324: 2314: 2304: 2294: 2284: 2274: 2264: 2254: 2244: 2234: 2224: 2214: 2204: 2193: 2191: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2176: 2166: 2156: 2146: 2136: 2125: 2123: 2121:Half cent (5₥) 2117: 2116: 2109: 2108: 2101: 2094: 2086: 2080: 2079: 2072: 2071:External links 2069: 2068: 2067: 2053: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2019: 1999: 1980: 1953: 1952: 1946: 1933: 1927: 1914: 1908: 1895: 1889: 1873: 1867: 1844: 1843: 1831: 1822: 1810: 1798: 1772: 1750: 1738: 1736:, p. 223. 1723: 1708: 1706:, p. 219. 1696: 1679: 1667: 1665:, p. 256. 1655: 1653:, p. 224. 1643: 1631: 1629:, p. 129. 1619: 1607: 1595: 1593:, p. 115. 1583: 1571: 1569:, p. 257. 1556: 1544: 1542:, p. 287. 1532: 1530:, p. 255. 1520: 1508: 1506:, p. 253. 1496: 1494:, p. 346. 1484: 1472: 1460: 1458:, p. 214. 1448: 1446:, p. 149. 1433: 1431:, p. 210. 1421: 1409: 1394: 1382: 1380:, p. 207. 1370: 1368:, p. 206. 1358: 1356:, p. 205. 1346: 1344:, p. 204. 1334: 1332:, p. 345. 1322: 1320:, p. 201. 1310: 1298: 1296:, p. 196. 1286: 1274: 1262: 1246:1800–present: 1196: 1184: 1182:, p. 174. 1172: 1170:, p. 173. 1160: 1158:, p. 172. 1148: 1136: 1134:, p. 340. 1124: 1112: 1097: 1095:, p. 573. 1085: 1083:, p. 255. 1073: 1061: 1059:, p. 149. 1049: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1020: 1011: 1009:Fighting Sioux 994: 988: 987: 973: 959: 943: 940: 872:American bison 848:Mike Mansfield 739:, June 6, 1913 725: 722: 595:Fort Wadsworth 578: 575: 494: 491: 453: 450: 448: 445: 376: 373: 363:, designed by 342:American bison 297:Buffalo nickel 291: 290: 287: 283: 282: 279: 275: 274: 269: 265: 264: 253: 252: 251: 250: 249: 246: 245: 242: 238: 237: 234: 230: 229: 224: 220: 219: 217:American bison 213: 209: 208: 197: 196: 195: 194: 193: 190: 189: 185: 184: 181: 177: 176: 173: 169: 168: 163: 159: 158: 148: 144: 143: 132: 131: 130: 129: 128: 125: 124: 120: 119: 105: 101: 100: 97: 93: 92: 90: 89: 83: 76: 74: 70: 69: 66: 62: 61: 58: 54: 53: 47: 43: 42: 35: 31: 30: 25: 20:Buffalo nickel 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4145: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4096: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4059: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3914: 3913: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3877: 3872: 3870: 3865: 3863: 3858: 3857: 3854: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3665:Commemorative 3662: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3460: 3455: 3453: 3448: 3446: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3398: 3397: 3394: 3387:(not minted) 3386: 3385: 3384:Union ($ 100) 3380: 3376: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3357:(not minted) 3356: 3355: 3350: 3347:(not minted) 3346: 3345: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3334:denominations 3329: 3317: 3316: 3315:Saint-Gaudens 3311: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3274: 3273: 3268: 3264: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3230: 3225: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3205: 3201: 3200: 3195: 3191: 3190: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3176: 3168: 3167: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3147: 3146: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3107: 3106: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3083: 3078: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3042: 3041: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2985: 2980: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2820: 2815: 2811: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2790: 2785: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2752: 2748: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2638:Quarter (25¢) 2635: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2512: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2407: 2403: 2395: 2394: 2389: 2385: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2341: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2295: 2291: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2230: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2209:Silver center 2205: 2201: 2200: 2195: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2185: 2181: 2173: 2172: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2107: 2102: 2100: 2095: 2093: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1988: 1987: 1981: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1956:Other sources 1949: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1892: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1877:Breen, Walter 1874: 1870: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1840: 1835: 1826: 1819: 1814: 1807: 1802: 1786: 1784: 1776: 1761:. Smithsonian 1760: 1754: 1748:, p. 38. 1747: 1742: 1735: 1734:Burdette 2007 1730: 1728: 1721:, p. 16. 1720: 1715: 1713: 1705: 1704:Burdette 2007 1700: 1694:, p. 39. 1693: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1676: 1671: 1664: 1659: 1652: 1651:Burdette 2007 1647: 1640: 1635: 1628: 1623: 1616: 1611: 1604: 1599: 1592: 1587: 1581:, p. 49. 1580: 1575: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1554:, p. 46. 1553: 1548: 1541: 1540:Burdette 2007 1536: 1529: 1528:Burdette 2007 1524: 1518:, p. 45. 1517: 1512: 1505: 1504:Burdette 2007 1500: 1493: 1488: 1481: 1480:Burdette 2007 1476: 1469: 1464: 1457: 1456:Burdette 2007 1452: 1445: 1440: 1438: 1430: 1429:Burdette 2007 1425: 1418: 1417:Burdette 2007 1413: 1407:, p. 37. 1406: 1401: 1399: 1391: 1390:Burdette 2007 1386: 1379: 1378:Burdette 2007 1374: 1367: 1366:Burdette 2007 1362: 1355: 1354:Burdette 2007 1350: 1343: 1342:Burdette 2007 1338: 1331: 1326: 1319: 1318:Burdette 2007 1314: 1307: 1306:Burdette 2007 1302: 1295: 1294:Burdette 2007 1290: 1283: 1282:Burdette 2007 1278: 1271: 1270:Burdette 2007 1266: 1251: 1243: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1223: 1216: 1215: 1210: 1203: 1201: 1193: 1192:Burdette 2007 1188: 1181: 1180:Burdette 2007 1176: 1169: 1168:Burdette 2007 1164: 1157: 1156:Burdette 2007 1152: 1145: 1140: 1133: 1128: 1122:, p. 98. 1121: 1120:Burdette 2007 1116: 1109: 1108:Burdette 2007 1104: 1102: 1094: 1089: 1082: 1077: 1070: 1065: 1058: 1053: 1046: 1041: 1037: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1003: 999: 998:Nickel Trophy 995: 993: 990: 989: 985: 974: 971: 960: 957: 946: 939: 937: 932: 929: 925: 920: 918: 917: 912: 908: 907: 900: 898: 893: 890: 886: 882: 881: 876: 875:Black Diamond 873: 864: 860: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 836:John Big Tree 833: 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 798: 793: 789: 787: 783: 777: 775: 774:quarter eagle 771: 767: 763: 759: 753: 751: 744: 738: 737:Oglala Lakota 734: 730: 721: 719: 715: 711: 707: 701: 697: 695: 687: 683: 679: 676: 672: 668: 667:San Francisco 664: 660: 655: 652: 646: 644: 640: 634: 632: 631: 625: 624: 618: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 583: 574: 572: 568: 564: 560: 554: 551: 546: 542: 540: 539: 528: 524: 522: 516: 514: 509: 499: 490: 488: 484: 477: 472: 470: 467: 458: 444: 442: 438: 433: 431: 427: 423: 419: 418:quarter eagle 415: 411: 407: 403: 398: 395: 394:silver dollar 390: 386: 382: 379:In 1883, the 372: 370: 366: 362: 356: 354: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 322: 320: 317: 313: 309: 306: 305:copper–nickel 302: 298: 288: 284: 280: 276: 273: 270: 266: 257: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 228: 225: 221: 218: 214: 210: 201: 191: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 167: 164: 160: 157: 153: 149: 145: 136: 126: 121: 117: 113: 109: 106: 102: 98: 94: 88: 84: 82: 78: 77: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 48: 44: 40: 36: 32: 28: 27:United States 23: 4095: 4026: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3990: 3982: 3974: 3966: 3958: 3950: 3944:Guardianship 3942: 3934: 3926: 3918: 3910: 3902: 3840:Prestige Set 3828:Souvenir Set 3803:Special sets 3769:Gold Buffalo 3751:Silver Eagle 3421: 3420: 3410: 3400: 3382: 3372: 3367:(1879–1880) 3364:Stella ($ 4) 3362: 3352: 3342: 3318:(1907–1933) 3313: 3303: 3295:Liberty Head 3293: 3275:(1907–1933) 3270: 3265:(1838–1907) 3262:Liberty Head 3260: 3255:(1795–1804) 3250: 3242:Eagle ($ 10) 3232:(1908–1929) 3227: 3222:(1839–1908) 3219:Liberty Head 3217: 3212:(1834–1838) 3209:Classic Head 3207: 3202:(1808–1834) 3197: 3192:(1795–1807) 3187: 3169:(1854–1889) 3164: 3148:(1908–1929) 3143: 3138:(1840–1907) 3135:Liberty Head 3133: 3128:(1834–1839) 3125:Classic Head 3123: 3118:(1808–1834) 3113: 3108:(1796–1807) 3103: 3085:(1854–1889) 3080: 3075:(1849–1854) 3072:Liberty Head 3070: 3043:(2018–2032) 3038: 3031:Presidential 3020: 3007:(1975–1976) 3002: 2997:(1971–1978) 2992: 2982: 2972: 2967:(1873–1885) 2962: 2957:(1840–1873) 2952: 2947:(1836–1839) 2942: 2928: 2923:(1794–1795) 2920:Flowing Hair 2918: 2908: 2898: 2890:Dollar ($ 1) 2880:(1975–1976) 2867: 2862:(1948–1963) 2857: 2852:(1916–1947) 2847: 2842:(1892–1915) 2837: 2832:(1839–1891) 2827: 2822:(1807–1839) 2817: 2812:(1796–1807) 2807: 2802:(1794–1795) 2799:Flowing Hair 2797: 2787: 2769:(2027–2030) 2765: 2764: 2755: 2754: 2749:(2022–2025) 2744: 2731:(2010–2021) 2715:(1999–2008) 2707:(1975–1976) 2699:(1932–1998) 2691:(1916–1930) 2686: 2681:(1892–1916) 2676: 2671:(1838–1891) 2666: 2661:(1815–1838) 2656: 2651:(1796–1807) 2646: 2628:(1875–1878) 2623: 2600: 2595:(1916–1945) 2590: 2585:(1892–1916) 2580: 2575:(1837–1891) 2570: 2565:(1809–1837) 2560: 2555:(1796–1807) 2550: 2540: 2531: 2509: 2504:(1913–1938) 2500: 2499: 2494:(1883–1913) 2491:Liberty Head 2489: 2484:(1866–1883) 2479: 2474:(1837–1873) 2469: 2459: 2454:(1829–1837) 2449: 2439: 2434:(1794–1795) 2431:Flowing Hair 2429: 2419: 2396:(1865–1889) 2391: 2381: 2376:(1851–1873) 2371: 2348: 2338: 2317: 2307: 2299:Flying Eagle 2297: 2287: 2279:Braided Hair 2277: 2272:(1816–1839) 2267: 2262:(1808–1814) 2259:Classic Head 2257: 2252:(1796–1807) 2247: 2242:(1793–1796) 2237: 2227: 2217: 2207: 2197: 2174:(1840–1857) 2171:Braided Hair 2169: 2161:Classic Head 2159: 2149: 2139: 2129: 2056: 2049: 2033:November 21, 2031:. Retrieved 2027:the original 2013:November 21, 2011:. Retrieved 2007:the original 1993:February 13, 1991:. Retrieved 1985: 1974:November 21, 1972:. Retrieved 1970:. p. 16 1967: 1955: 1954: 1937: 1918: 1899: 1880: 1858: 1848:Bibliography 1847: 1846: 1834: 1825: 1813: 1801: 1789:. Retrieved 1782: 1775: 1763:. Retrieved 1753: 1741: 1699: 1670: 1658: 1646: 1634: 1622: 1610: 1598: 1586: 1574: 1547: 1535: 1523: 1511: 1499: 1487: 1475: 1463: 1451: 1424: 1412: 1385: 1373: 1361: 1349: 1337: 1325: 1313: 1301: 1289: 1277: 1265: 1255:February 29, 1253:. Retrieved 1233: 1213: 1187: 1175: 1163: 1151: 1139: 1127: 1115: 1088: 1076: 1064: 1052: 1040: 956:Money portal 933: 921: 914: 904: 901: 894: 878: 869: 852:Eva B. Adams 829: 802: 778: 755: 746: 742: 714:Felix Schlag 702: 698: 691: 686:Hobo nickels 659:Philadelphia 656: 651:Walter Breen 647: 635: 628: 621: 619: 588: 556: 552: 548: 543: 536: 533: 517: 504: 493:Hobbs affair 487:electrotypes 479: 474: 463: 437:Lincoln cent 434: 430:Abram Andrew 414:double eagle 399: 378: 365:Felix Schlag 357: 323: 300: 296: 294: 3899:(1906–1911) 3842:(1983–1997) 3830:(1972–1998) 3824:(1964–1967) 3789:(2010–2021) 3635:3¢ (bronze) 3612:2¢ (billon) 3559:5¢ (silver) 3554:3¢ (nickel) 3549:3¢ (silver) 3474:Circulating 3272:Indian Head 3252:Capped Bust 3229:Indian Head 3199:Capped Bust 3189:Draped Bust 3145:Indian Head 3115:Capped Bust 3105:Draped Bust 2930:Draped Bust 2819:Capped Bust 2809:Draped Bust 2658:Capped Bust 2648:Draped Bust 2562:Capped Bust 2552:Draped Bust 2451:Capped Bust 2441:Draped Bust 2411:nickel (5¢) 2309:Indian Head 2269:Matron Head 2249:Draped Bust 2239:Liberty Cap 2164:(1809–1836) 2154:(1800–1808) 2151:Draped Bust 2144:(1793–1797) 2141:Liberty Cap 1806:Bowers 2007 1746:Bowers 2007 1692:Bowers 2007 1675:Bowers 2007 1639:Bowers 2007 1627:Bowers 2007 1615:Bowers 2007 1603:Bowers 2007 1591:Bowers 2007 1579:Bowers 2007 1552:Bowers 2007 1516:Bowers 2007 1468:Bowers 2007 1405:Bowers 2007 1226:1700–1799: 1206:1634–1699: 1057:Bowers 2007 1014:Hobo nickel 911:R.S. Yeoman 819:, a Sioux; 766:1908 design 694:Denver Mint 422:Frank Leach 278:Design date 233:Design date 172:Design date 73:Composition 4102:Categories 4039:Navy Cross 3890:Sculptures 3757:Gold Eagle 3569:$ 1 (gold) 3403:) Obsolete 2994:Eisenhower 2524:Dime (10¢) 2461:Washington 2421:Half disme 2189:penny (1¢) 2184:Large cent 1663:Breen 1988 1567:Breen 1988 1492:Taxay 1983 1444:Lange 2006 1330:Taxay 1983 1144:Taxay 1983 1132:Taxay 1983 1093:Breen 1988 1081:Breen 1988 1045:Breen 1988 1033:References 906:Coin World 770:half eagle 762:Bela Pratt 710:Monticello 452:New design 392:piece and 389:half eagle 375:Background 104:Mint marks 39:US dollars 3810:Proof Set 3022:Sacagawea 2602:Roosevelt 2511:Jefferson 2406:Half dime 1791:9 October 1765:9 October 885:Bronx Zoo 825:Two Moons 817:Iron Tail 813:Iron Tail 809:Blackfoot 803:By 1931, 786:Two Moons 782:Iron Tail 447:Inception 156:Two Moons 152:Iron Tail 99:1913–1938 3952:Heritage 3816:Mint Set 3604:Canceled 3517:Obsolete 3406:Canceled 2944:Gobrecht 2859:Franklin 1879:(1988). 1857:(2007). 1231:(1992). 1211:(1997). 1004:and the 942:See also 916:Red Book 844:Big Tree 840:Big Tree 821:Big Tree 768:for the 609:for the 607:abutment 371:series. 316:sculptor 268:Designer 223:Designer 162:Designer 57:Diameter 4061:Related 3743:Bullion 3625:⁄ 3529:⁄ 3401:italics 3377:(1877) 3308:(1879) 2913:(1783) 2903:(1776) 2869:Kennedy 2792:(1783) 2759:(2026) 2739:(2021) 2723:(2009) 2592:Mercury 2545:(1792) 2424:(1792) 2386:(1863) 2343:(1836) 2319:Lincoln 2232:(1793) 2222:(1793) 2212:(1792) 2202:(1787) 1785:(1954)" 856:Choctaw 340:and an 188:Reverse 123:Obverse 52: g 4081:(2006) 4075:(2001) 4053:(1926) 4047:(1925) 4041:(1919) 4035:(1919) 4029:(1913) 4012:(1951) 3995:(1951) 3987:(1950) 3979:(1947) 3971:(1939) 3963:(1936) 3955:(1935) 3947:(1935) 3939:(1930) 3931:(1926) 3923:(1923) 3915:(1915) 3907:(1911) 2974:Morgan 2933:(1795– 2839:Barber 2678:Barber 2582:Barber 2536:(1783) 2481:Shield 2373:Silver 2350:Bronze 2340:Billon 2229:Wreath 2134:(1783) 2063: 1944: 1925: 1906: 1887: 1865: 832:Seneca 663:Denver 212:Design 147:Design 87:nickel 81:copper 3733:2020s 3728:2010s 3723:2000s 3718:1990s 3713:1980s 3708:1970s 3703:1950s 3698:1940s 3693:1930s 3688:1920s 3683:1910s 3678:1900s 3673:1800s 3655:$ 100 3574:$ 2.5 2984:Peace 2964:Trade 2542:Disme 2219:Chain 1238:(PDF) 1218:(PDF) 834:man, 410:eagle 346:slugs 303:is a 68:Plain 50:5.000 34:Value 3650:$ 50 3594:$ 20 3589:$ 10 3411:bold 3053:Gold 2935:1804 2289:Ring 2061:ISBN 2035:2010 2015:2010 1995:2012 1976:2010 1942:ISBN 1923:ISBN 1904:ISBN 1885:ISBN 1863:ISBN 1793:2022 1767:2022 1257:2024 996:The 913:'s 772:and 665:and 615:US$ 563:Taft 513:US$ 412:and 295:The 289:1938 281:1913 244:1913 236:1913 183:1938 175:1913 154:and 85:25% 79:75% 65:Edge 46:Mass 3645:$ 4 3640:$ 2 3584:$ 5 3579:$ 3 3564:20¢ 3507:$ 1 3502:50¢ 3497:25¢ 3492:10¢ 2408:and 2186:and 764:'s 593:at 538:sic 332:'s 299:or 215:An 4104:: 4006:, 3544:2¢ 3487:5¢ 3482:1¢ 2937:) 1966:. 1726:^ 1711:^ 1682:^ 1559:^ 1436:^ 1397:^ 1240:. 1220:. 1199:^ 1100:^ 784:, 776:. 735:, 661:, 597:, 432:. 321:. 110:, 4010:) 4002:( 3875:e 3868:t 3861:v 3630:¢ 3627:2 3623:1 3620:+ 3618:2 3534:¢ 3531:2 3527:1 3458:e 3451:t 3444:v 3419:( 3409:( 3399:( 2105:e 2098:t 2091:v 2037:. 2017:. 1997:. 1978:. 1950:. 1931:. 1912:. 1893:. 1871:. 1841:. 1820:. 1795:. 1769:. 1259:. 1244:. 1224:. 112:S 108:D 41:)

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