173:, a Geneva, Switzerland-based security testing company issued a press release saying Yahoo! offered $ 12.50 in credit per vulnerability, which could be used toward Yahoo-branded items such as T-shirts, cups and pens from its store. Ramses Martinez, director of Yahoo's security team claimed later in a blog post that he was behind the voucher reward program, and that he basically had been paying for them out of his own pocket. Eventually, Yahoo! launched its new bug bounty program on October 31 of the same year, that allows security researchers to submit bugs and receive rewards between $ 250 and $ 15,000, depending on the severity of the bug discovered.
135:
159:
that the data had been destroyed before paying the $ 100,000. Mr. Flynn expressed regret that Uber did not disclose the incident in 2016. As part of their response to this incident, Uber worked with partner HackerOne to update their bug bounty program policies to, among other things, more thoroughly explain good faith vulnerability research and disclosure.
217:
are the top countries from which researchers submit bugs. India, which has either the first or second largest number of bug hunters in the world, depending on which report one cites, topped the
Facebook Bug Bounty Program with the largest number of valid bugs. In 2017, India had the highest number of
158:
experienced a security incident when an individual accessed the personal information of 57 million Uber users worldwide. The individual supposedly demanded a ransom of $ 100,000 in order to destroy rather than publish the data. In
Congressional testimony, Uber CISO indicated that the company verified
126:
computer science student reported a vulnerability that allowed anyone to post a video on an arbitrary
Facebook account. According to the email communication between the student and Facebook, he attempted to report the vulnerability using Facebook's bug bounty program but the student was misunderstood
145:
started paying researchers who find and report security bugs by issuing them custom branded "White Hat" debit cards that can be reloaded with funds each time the researchers discover new flaws. "Researchers who find bugs and security improvements are rare, and we value them and have to find ways to
251:
functionality. Submissions that Google found adherent to the guidelines would be eligible for rewards ranging from $ 500 to $ 3,133.70. In 2017, Google expanded their program to cover vulnerabilities found in applications developed by third parties and made available through the Google Play Store.
184:
in 2013, they were criticized for offering store credits instead of cash which does not incentivize security researchers. Ecava explained that the program was intended to be initially restrictive and focused on the human safety perspective for the users of
43:
These programs allow the developers to discover and resolve bugs before the general public is aware of them, preventing incidents of widespread abuse and data breaches. Bug bounty programs have been implemented by a large number of organizations, including
150:
in an interview. "Having this exclusive black card is another way to recognize them. They can show up at a conference and show this card and say 'I did special work for
Facebook.'" In 2014, Facebook stopped issuing debit cards to researchers.
234:
announced a major change to its
Vulnerability Reward Program. Previously, it had been a bug bounty program covering many Google products. With the shift, however, the program was broadened to include a selection of high-risk
192:
Some bug bounties programs have been criticized as tools to prevent security researcher from publicly disclosing vulnerabilities, by conditioning the participation to bug bounty programs, or even the granting of
325:
announced the US federal government's first bug bounty program, the "Hack the
Pentagon" program. The program ran from April 18 to May 12 and over 1,400 people submitted 138 unique valid reports through
373:
is a crowd security bug bounty program established in 2014 that allows individuals to post website and web application security vulnerabilities in the hope of a reward from affected website operators.
995:
270:
sponsored the initiative, which is managed by volunteers including from Uber, Microsoft, Adobe, HackerOne, GitHub, NCC Group, and Signal
Sciences. The software covered by the IBB includes
165:
was severely criticized for sending out Yahoo! T-shirts as reward to the
Security Researchers for finding and reporting security vulnerabilities in Yahoo!, sparking what came to be called
79:, have started using bug bounty programs. The Pentagon's use of bug bounty programs is part of a posture shift that has seen several US Government Agencies reverse course from threatening
262:
partnered in
November 2013 to sponsor The Internet Bug Bounty, a program to offer rewards for reporting hacks and exploits for a broad range of Internet-related software. In 2017,
1541:
1447:
252:
Google's
Vulnerability Rewards Program now includes vulnerabilities found in Google, Google Cloud, Android, and Chrome products, and rewards up to $ 31,337.
1208:
365:. The project was co-facilitated by European bug bounty platform Intigriti and HackerOne and resulted in a total of 195 unique and valid vulnerabilities.
25:
is a deal offered by many websites, organizations, and software developers by which individuals can receive recognition and compensation for reporting
1310:
1426:
1287:
1355:
1491:
209:
Though submissions for bug bounties come from many countries, a handful of countries tend to submit more bugs and receive more bounties. The
1137:
1062:
727:
928:
875:
83:
hackers with legal recourse to inviting them to participate as part of a comprehensive vulnerability disclosure framework or policy.
1399:
1258:
834:. Cybersecurity Unit, Computer Crime & Intellectual Property Section Criminal Division U.S. Department of Justice. July 2017
1559:
491:
1604:
1333:
958:
1085:
936:
331:
76:
1043:
517:"Don't shoot the messenger! A criminological and computer science perspective on coordinated vulnerability disclosure"
435:
1233:
1111:
1160:
981:
901:
1448:"Facebook, GitHub, and the Ford Foundation donate $ 300,000 to bug bounty program for internet infrastructure"
111:
1020:
411:
275:
92:
80:
314:. In addition, the program offered rewards for broader exploits affecting widely used operating systems and
401:
322:
1422:
1356:"Google launched a new bug bounty program to root out vulnerabilities in third-party apps on Google Play"
279:
33:
134:
1589:
75:
Companies outside the technology industry, including traditionally conservative organizations like the
181:
37:
831:
805:
198:
590:
853:
1182:
758:
287:
1599:
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A Facebook "White Hat" debit card, which was given to researchers who reported security bugs
127:
by Facebook's engineers. Later he exploited the vulnerability using the Facebook profile of
1377:
879:
659:
466:
Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Telecommunications and Remote Sensing
8:
390:
338:
244:
240:
219:
759:"Microsoft Announces Windows Bug Bounty Program and Extension of Hyper-V Bounty Program"
1262:
546:
497:
469:
406:
395:
307:
146:
reward them", Ryan McGeehan, former manager of Facebook's security response team, told
515:
Weulen Kranenbarg, Marleen; Holt, Thomas J.; van der Ham, Jeroen (November 19, 2018).
461:
996:"Testimony of John Flynn, Chief Information Security Officer, Uber Technologies, Inc"
564:
538:
501:
487:
194:
96:
550:
218:
valid submissions to Facebook's Whitehat program, followed by the United States and
528:
479:
354:
248:
186:
170:
436:"The Hacker-Powered Security Report - Who are Hackers and Why Do They Hack p. 23"
369:
267:
128:
876:"Netscape announces Netscape Bugs Bounty with release of netscape navigator 2.0"
784:
91:
Hunter and Ready initiated the first known bug bounty program in 1981 for their
762:
1209:"Bug bounty platforms buy researcher silence, violate labor laws, critics say"
533:
516:
1583:
1311:"Google offers "leet" cash prizes for updates to Linux and other OS software"
542:
385:
350:
291:
236:
210:
483:
123:
65:
30:
26:
342:
315:
311:
271:
1516:
1259:"Bug hunters aplenty but respect scarce for white hat hackers in India"
832:"A Framework for a Vulnerability Disclosure Program for Online Systems"
735:
95:
operating system. Anyone who found and reported a bug would receive a
638:
327:
255:
69:
1288:"Facebook Bug Bounty 2017 Highlights: $ 880,000 Paid to Researchers"
1183:"How Zoom handled vulnerability shows the dark side of bug bounty's"
474:
416:
259:
142:
107:
49:
680:
460:
Ding, Aaron Yi; De Jesus, Gianluca Limon; Janssen, Marijn (2019).
806:"The Pentagon Opened up to Hackers - And Fixed Thousands of Bugs"
362:
299:
45:
612:
514:
705:
684:
346:
263:
231:
162:
61:
57:
53:
1560:"Open Bug Bounty: 100,000 fixed vulnerabilities and ISO 29147"
634:
117:
1047:
358:
303:
214:
177:
1469:
1138:"SCADA vendor faces public backlash over bug bounty program"
462:"Ethical hacking for boosting IoT vulnerability management"
341:
announced the EU-FOSSA 2 bug bounty initiative for popular
295:
155:
147:
1044:"Yahoo changes bug bounty policy following 't-shirt gate'"
959:"Zuckerberg's Facebook page hacked to prove security flaw"
1400:"Now there's a bug bounty program for the whole Internet"
283:
1161:"SCADA Vendor Bashed Over 'Pathetic' Bug Bounty Program"
1063:"So I'm the guy who sent the t-shirt out as a thank you"
468:. Ictrs '19. Rhodes, Greece: ACM Press. pp. 49–55.
1492:"DoD Invites Vetted Specialists to 'Hack' the Pentagon"
1282:
1280:
131:, resulting in Facebook refusing to pay him a bounty.
1277:
459:
1581:
1517:"Vulnerability disclosure for Hack the Pentagon"
1261:. Factor Daily. February 8, 2018. Archived from
785:"Bug Bounties - Open Source Bug Bounty Programs"
180:released the first known bug bounty program for
114:version of its Netscape Navigator 2.0 browser.
1105:
1103:
926:
1100:
1021:"Uber Tightens Bug Bounty Extortion Policy"
118:Vulnerability Disclosure Policy controversy
1420:
1378:"Vulnerability Assessment Reward Program"
1112:"More on IntegraXor's Bug Bounty Program"
756:
750:
660:"Vulnerability Assessment Reward Program"
532:
473:
110:launched a "Bugs Bounty" program for the
16:Deals offered for reporting software bugs
1414:
1331:
1001:. United States Senate. February 6, 2018
133:
1152:
1109:
1582:
1397:
1308:
1131:
1129:
927:Friis-Jensen, Esben (April 11, 2014).
588:
582:
318:, as well as the Internet as a whole.
1557:
1206:
1158:
1135:
782:
734:. Security TechCenter. Archived from
565:"Mozilla Security Bug Bounty Program"
100:
1334:"Going beyond vulnerability rewards"
1332:Zalewski, Michal (October 9, 2013).
1086:"The Bug Bounty Program is Now Live"
1083:
1060:
929:"The History of Bug Bounty Programs"
591:"Mozilla Revamps Bug Bounty Program"
1542:"EU-FOSSA 2 - Bug Bounties Summary"
1421:Abdulridha, Alaa (March 18, 2021).
1159:Rashi, Fahmida Y. (July 16, 2013).
1126:
1041:
757:Zimmerman, Steven (July 26, 2017).
225:
108:Netscape Communications Corporation
77:United States Department of Defense
13:
1558:Dutta, Payel (February 19, 2018).
1110:Toecker, Michael (July 23, 2013).
878:. Internet Archive. Archived from
14:
1616:
1423:"How I hacked Facebook: Part Two"
979:
29:, especially those pertaining to
1398:Goodin, Dan (November 6, 2013).
854:"The first "bug" bounty program"
613:"Meta Bug Bounty programme info"
1551:
1534:
1509:
1484:
1462:
1440:
1391:
1370:
1348:
1325:
1309:Goodin, Dan (October 9, 2013).
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846:
824:
798:
776:
720:
698:
589:Kovacs, Eduard (May 12, 2017).
243:, primarily those designed for
72:, and the Internet bug bounty.
1207:Porup, J. M. (April 2, 2020).
1136:Ragan, Steve (July 18, 2013).
982:"Facebook whitehat Debit card"
673:
652:
627:
605:
557:
508:
453:
428:
1:
1358:. The Verge. October 22, 2017
1336:. Google Online Security Blog
1023:. Threat Post. April 27, 2018
902:"Bounty attracts bug busters"
422:
412:White hat (computer security)
93:Versatile Real-Time Executive
1450:. VentureBeat. July 21, 2017
1290:. Facebook. January 11, 2018
402:Market for zero-day exploits
204:
7:
1605:Hacking (computer security)
728:"Microsoft Bounty Programs"
706:"Square bug bounty program"
635:"Yahoo! Bug Bounty Program"
379:
10:
1621:
1496:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
86:
1470:"The Internet Bug Bounty"
1088:. Yahoo Developer Network
1065:. Yahoo Developer Network
732:Microsoft Bounty Programs
534:10.1186/s40163-018-0090-8
199:non-disclosure agreements
1234:"The 2019 Hacker Report"
856:. Twitter. July 8, 2017
484:10.1145/3357767.3357774
961:. CNN. August 20, 2013
189:, their ICS software.
139:
332:Department of Defense
137:
106:On October 10, 1995,
738:on November 21, 2013
345:projects, including
1265:on October 22, 2019
812:. November 10, 2017
681:"Reddit - whitehat"
391:Cyber-arms industry
339:European Commission
334:paid out $ 71,200.
330:. In total, the US
220:Trinidad and Tobago
1084:Martinez, Ramses.
1061:Martinez, Ramses.
1042:Osborne, Charlie.
407:Open-source bounty
396:Knuth reward check
308:Apache HTTP Server
140:
122:In August 2013, a
23:bug bounty program
1590:Internet security
939:on March 16, 2020
493:978-1-4503-7669-3
441:. HackerOne. 2017
398:(Program in 1980)
247:or for low-level
239:applications and
230:In October 2013,
97:Volkswagen Beetle
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249:operating system
226:Notable programs
187:IntegraXor SCADA
176:Similarly, when
171:High-Tech Bridge
103:Bug) in return.
102:
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1163:. Security Week
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980:Mills, Elinor.
978:
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908:. June 13, 1997
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615:. Facebook. n.d
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425:
382:
376:
370:Open Bug Bounty
321:In March 2016,
268:Ford Foundation
228:
207:
129:Mark Zuckerberg
120:
89:
38:vulnerabilities
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1402:. Ars Technica
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1313:. Ars Technica
1301:
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1225:
1199:
1187:ProPrivacy.com
1174:
1151:
1125:
1114:. Digital Bond
1099:
1076:
1053:
1034:
1012:
987:
972:
950:
919:
893:
882:on May 1, 1997
867:
845:
823:
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775:
763:XDA Developers
749:
719:
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672:
651:
626:
604:
593:. SecurityWeek
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521:Crime Science
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386:Bounty hunter
384:
383:
377:
374:
372:
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366:
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352:
351:Apache Tomcat
348:
344:
340:
337:In 2019, The
335:
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292:Ruby on Rails
289:
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237:free software
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28:
24:
19:
1600:Competitions
1595:Cyberwarfare
1567:. Retrieved
1563:
1553:
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1442:
1430:. Retrieved
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1327:
1315:. Retrieved
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1267:. Retrieved
1263:the original
1253:
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1472:. HackerOne
1239:. HackerOne
1092:October 31,
943:October 17,
912:October 17,
886:January 21,
783:HackerOne.
708:. HackerOne
619:October 17,
343:open source
312:Phabricator
272:Adobe Flash
195:safe-harbor
124:Palestinian
1584:Categories
1213:CSO Online
1069:October 2,
475:1909.11166
423:References
323:Peter Cook
245:networking
1569:April 10,
1521:HackerOne
1476:March 11,
1432:March 18,
1406:March 11,
1383:March 23,
1340:March 11,
1317:March 11,
1243:March 23,
933:Cobalt.io
790:March 23,
768:August 3,
712:August 6,
665:March 11,
644:March 11,
639:HackerOne
597:August 3,
543:2193-7680
527:(1): 16.
502:202676146
328:HackerOne
256:Microsoft
241:libraries
205:Geography
154:In 2016,
81:white hat
70:Microsoft
1564:TechWorm
1526:June 21,
1501:June 21,
551:54080134
417:Zerodium
380:See also
266:and The
260:Facebook
143:Facebook
50:Facebook
34:exploits
31:security
1454:June 4,
1362:June 4,
1294:June 4,
1269:June 4,
1218:May 17,
1192:May 17,
1167:May 21,
1144:May 21,
1118:May 21,
1027:June 4,
1005:June 4,
984:. CNET.
860:June 5,
838:May 25,
816:May 25,
690:May 30,
574:July 9,
569:Mozilla
445:June 5,
363:KeePass
300:OpenSSL
87:History
46:Mozilla
685:Reddit
549:
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500:
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347:Drupal
310:, and
288:Django
276:Python
264:GitHub
232:Google
163:Yahoo!
101:a.k.a.
66:Square
62:Reddit
58:Google
54:Yahoo!
1545:(PDF)
1237:(PDF)
1140:. CSO
1048:ZDNet
999:(PDF)
810:Wired
547:S2CID
498:S2CID
470:arXiv
439:(PDF)
359:7-zip
304:Nginx
215:India
178:Ecava
1571:2023
1528:2016
1503:2016
1478:2014
1456:2018
1434:2021
1408:2014
1385:2020
1364:2018
1342:2014
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1296:2018
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1245:2020
1220:2023
1194:2023
1169:2019
1146:2019
1120:2019
1094:2013
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1029:2018
1007:2018
967:2019
945:2023
914:2023
906:CNET
888:2015
862:2018
840:2018
818:2018
792:2020
770:2017
744:2016
714:2014
692:2015
667:2014
646:2014
621:2023
599:2017
576:2017
539:ISSN
488:ISBN
447:2018
361:and
296:Perl
280:Ruby
258:and
213:and
156:Uber
148:CNET
112:beta
36:and
27:bugs
529:doi
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355:VLC
284:PHP
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