62:
35:
109:
20:
81:
245:. Seaworthiness requires not only that the ship be sound and properly crewed, but also that it be fully fuelled (or "bunkered") at the start of the voyage. If the ship operator wishes to bunker en route, this must be provided for in a written agreement, or the interruption of the voyage may be deemed to be
397:
460:
176:
is currently the largest bunkering port in the world. In 2023, Singapore recorded bunker fuel sales volume totaling 51,824,000 tonnes, setting a new industry standard.
146:), including the logistics of loading and distributing the fuel among available shipboard tanks. A person dealing in trade of bunker (fuel) is called a bunker trader.
331:
371:
191:
was noted as "one of the most important oil transit routes in the world," and in 2011, around eight vessels per day bunkered in
Maltese waters.
253:). If the vessel runs out of fuel in mid-ocean, this also constitutes serious breach, allowing the insurer to cancel a policy and allowing a
541:
265:
421:
226:
357:
375:
446:
304:
495:
165:, and bunkering to the practice and business of refueling ships. Bunkering operations take place at
577:
572:
531:
If the policy has a "held-covered" clause, the deviation will not allow immediate cancellation
507:
207:(SLB), which is the easiest method of transferring oil, but can be risky during bad weather.
188:
89:
8:
242:
250:
203:(STSB) in which one ship acts as a terminal whilst the other moors. The second type is
61:
34:
351:
173:
139:
98:
70:
66:
280:
276:
by ships. On 1 January 2020, the agency began enforcing the IMO 2020 regulation of
273:
230:
108:
246:
180:
269:
258:
184:
46:
566:
238:
216:
169:
and include the storage and provision of the bunker (ship fuels) to vessels.
157:
was stored in bunkers. Nowadays, the term bunker is generally applied to the
332:"Bunkering is Dangerous : Procedure for Bunkering Operation on a Ship"
277:
222:
162:
54:
50:
343:
85:
19:
484:
234:
254:
158:
150:
74:
80:
102:
374:. Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA). Archived from
121:
117:
199:
The two most common types of bunkering procedure at sea is
166:
154:
135:
131:
113:
461:"Bunker Fuel Solutions for Marine Vessels | Dan-Bunkering"
422:"Port of Singapore Achieves Historic Bunker Sales in 2023"
183:
is known to host bunkering, in six locations including
564:
283:to minimise bunkering's environmental impact.
257:to make a cargo claim. It may also lead to a
149:The term bunkering originated in the days of
210:
520:Greenock Steamship Co v Marine Insurance
302:
194:
107:
79:
60:
33:
18:
241:is required to ensure that the ship is
69:receiving fuel from a bunker vessel in
565:
298:
296:
227:contracts for carriage of goods by sea
329:
93:receiving fuel from bunkering tanker
221:In many maritime contracts, such as
439:
293:
266:International Maritime Organisation
13:
342:Site seems to require enabling of
303:Manaadiar, Hariesh (August 2011).
272:responsible for the prevention of
14:
589:
447:"Exposing underwater devastation"
534:
525:
513:
500:
16:Supply of fuel for use by ships
489:
477:
453:
414:
390:
364:
323:
305:"What is Bunker and Bunkering"
1:
309:Shipping and Freight Resource
286:
7:
10:
594:
356:: CS1 maint: postscript (
214:
496:Marine Insurance Act 1906
330:MOHIT (19 October 2010).
231:marine insurance policies
211:Bunkering in maritime law
112:Bunkering tanker on the
483:See the United States'
30:, two bunkering tankers
201:Ship to Ship Bunkering
195:Two types of Bunkering
124:
105:
77:
58:
31:
510:Articles II & III
398:"Page 143 - WOO 2014"
111:
83:
64:
37:
22:
268:is an agency of the
205:Stern Line Bunkering
189:Malta-Sicily Channel
130:is the supplying of
161:products stored in
251:breach of contract
142:is referred to as
125:
106:
78:
59:
32:
508:Hague–Visby Rules
465:dan-bunkering.com
378:on 7 January 2015
174:Port of Singapore
99:port of Zeebrugge
71:Fremantle Harbour
67:livestock carrier
44:Margarete Schulte
38:The bunker barge
585:
557:
556:
554:
552:
538:
532:
529:
523:
517:
511:
504:
498:
493:
487:
481:
475:
474:
472:
471:
457:
451:
450:
449:. 22 March 2015.
443:
437:
436:
434:
433:
418:
412:
411:
409:
408:
394:
388:
387:
385:
383:
368:
362:
361:
355:
347:
341:
339:
334:. Marine Insight
327:
321:
320:
318:
316:
300:
274:marine pollution
593:
592:
588:
587:
586:
584:
583:
582:
578:Fuel containers
563:
562:
561:
560:
550:
548:
542:"Air Pollution"
540:
539:
535:
530:
526:
518:
514:
505:
501:
494:
490:
482:
478:
469:
467:
459:
458:
454:
445:
444:
440:
431:
429:
420:
419:
415:
406:
404:
396:
395:
391:
381:
379:
370:
369:
365:
349:
348:
337:
335:
328:
324:
314:
312:
301:
294:
289:
223:charter parties
219:
213:
197:
181:Island of Malta
17:
12:
11:
5:
591:
581:
580:
575:
559:
558:
533:
524:
512:
499:
488:
476:
452:
438:
413:
389:
363:
322:
311:. Puthan House
291:
290:
288:
285:
270:United Nations
215:Main article:
212:
209:
196:
193:
187:. In 2015 the
47:container ship
40:Double Skin 30
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
590:
579:
576:
574:
573:Storage tanks
571:
570:
568:
547:
543:
537:
528:
521:
516:
509:
503:
497:
492:
486:
480:
466:
462:
456:
448:
442:
427:
426:Bunker Market
423:
417:
403:
399:
393:
377:
373:
367:
359:
353:
345:
333:
326:
310:
306:
299:
297:
292:
284:
282:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:ship operator
236:
232:
228:
224:
218:
217:Admiralty law
208:
206:
202:
192:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
123:
119:
115:
110:
104:
100:
96:
92:
91:
87:
82:
76:
72:
68:
63:
56:
52:
48:
45:
41:
36:
29:
25:
21:
549:. Retrieved
545:
536:
527:
519:
515:
502:
491:
479:
468:. Retrieved
464:
455:
441:
430:. Retrieved
428:. 2024-01-15
425:
416:
405:. Retrieved
402:www.opec.org
401:
392:
380:. Retrieved
376:the original
366:
336:. Retrieved
325:
313:. Retrieved
308:
263:
220:
204:
200:
198:
178:
171:
148:
143:
127:
126:
94:
88:
55:Pennsylvania
51:Philadelphia
43:
42:refuels the
39:
27:
23:
551:October 14,
546:www.imo.org
372:"Bunkering"
261:operation.
249:(a serious
185:Hurd's bank
134:for use by
86:cruise ship
567:Categories
522:2 K.B. 657
485:Harter Act
470:2023-06-28
432:2024-03-17
407:2020-11-24
382:16 January
338:16 January
287:References
235:ship-owner
151:steamships
90:Prinsendam
28:Florence B
255:consignee
247:deviation
243:seaworthy
159:petroleum
140:such fuel
128:Bunkering
75:Australia
24:Tatiana B
352:cite web
281:Annex VI
167:seaports
344:cookies
315:27 June
259:salvage
153:, when
103:Belgium
97:in the
278:MARPOL
233:, the
229:, and
144:bunker
95:Mozart
84:Dutch
163:tanks
136:ships
122:Egypt
118:Luxor
116:near
553:2020
506:The
384:2015
358:link
340:2015
317:2016
264:The
179:The
172:The
155:coal
132:fuel
114:Nile
26:and
237:or
49:in
569::
544:.
463:.
424:.
400:.
354:}}
350:{{
307:.
295:^
225:,
120:,
101:,
73:,
65:A
53:,
555:.
473:.
435:.
410:.
386:.
360:)
346:.
319:.
138:(
57:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.JPG)
