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in the early 1970s. Lee and Tubby were experimenting with new production techniques which Lee described as "implements of sound." Working with equipment that today would be considered primitive and limiting, they produced tracks that consisted of mostly the rhythm parts mixed with distorted or
358:, partly out of necessity – unlike some of the other major producers Lee did not have his own studio and had to make the most of the studio time he paid for. The latter half of the 1970s saw Lee work with some of Jamaica's top new talent, including
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With all the bass and drum ting now, dem ting just start by accident, a man sing off key, an when you a reach a dat you drop out everything an leave the drum, an lick in the bass, an cause a confusion an people like
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Lee had one son, Errol Lee (born 1968), with singer
Marlene Webber. Errol was believed to be running a non-profit organisation, Caring Kids' Concerts, which mentors young people using music, as of October 2020.
520:, directed by Diggory Kenrick, telling the story of Lee's life from childhood to the present, featuring U Roy, Dennis Alcapone, Lee "Scratch" Perry, Sly and Robbie, Johnny Clarke, John Holt and others.
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In addition to dub sides and instrumentals, Lee would be one of the first producers to realise the potential of reusing the same rhythm tracks time and time again with different singers and
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was dedicated to Lee. Filmed in the control room of King Tubby's studio, it included a lengthy conversation with him and some of the musicians he has worked with over the years including
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In March 2020, Lee produced his last dub for the project "Sly & Robbie vs Roots Radics: 'The Dub Battle'". The song was "Dub My Mind" by Sly & Robbie feat. the Mighty
Diamonds.
220:, initially in an administrative role, before taking on engineering duties. Lee then moved into producing (i.e. financing) records himself, his first hit record coming with
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At the time of Lee's death, his wife was
Annette Wong-Lee, mother to four of his children: two sons, Edward Jr. and Kirk, and two daughters, Toni Ann and Bonnie Lee.
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Lee encouraged Tubby to mix increasingly wild dubs, sometimes including sound effects such as thunder claps and gunshots. In addition to King Tubby, dub mixers
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318:. This era also saw the emergence of the "flying cymbal" sound on Lee's productions, developed by drummer Carlton 'Santa' Davis, with Lee's session band,
260:, establishing him as one of Jamaica's top producers. Between 1969 and 1972 he produced classic hits including Slim Smith's "Everybody Needs Love",
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440:. In the early 1980s, Lee purchased Gibbs' studio in Duhaney Park, and continued producing, albeit on a less prolific basis than in the 1970s.
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In March 2015, a fire at Lee's Gorgon
Entertainment Studio destroyed equipment with a value estimated by Lee at JA$ 100 million.
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label, the first release being Lloyd
Jackson's "Listen to the Beat". He produced further hits during 1967–68 by
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became "the place to be", reducing Lee's prominence. However, during the late 1970s Lee produced almost every
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on 6 October 2020. He had been suffering from several health issues, including kidney problems relating to
1138:"Dub Echoes", a documentary about dub's influence on the birth of drum n bass, electronic music and hip hop
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also worked extensively on Lee's productions, with most of Lee's dubs from 1976 onwards mixed by Jammy.
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626:"Bunny Lee, producer who pioneered dub and dominated the 1970s reggae scene in Jamaica – obituary"
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Jamaican music producer Bunny 'Striker' Lee: Rewinding a career that never missed a beat
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Turner, Michael and
Schoenfeld, Robert, Eds. "Roots Knotty Roots". Nighthawk Records.
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660:"Bunny Lee, Legendary Reggae & Dub Producer Behind 'Cherry, Oh Baby,' Dies at 79"
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Barrow, Steve and Dalton, Peter:"Reggae: The Rough Guide", 1997, Rough Guides,
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968:"On Screen: I Am The Gorgon – Bunny 'Striker' Lee and the Roots of Reggae"
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Larkin, Colin:"The Virgin
Encyclopedia of Reggae", 1998, Virgin Books,
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945:"REGGAE NASHVILLE – Deep Roots Music 2 – Bunny Lee Story – Black Ark"
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https://dubblog.de/en/sly-robbie-vs-roots-radics-the-dub-battle/
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707:"The Music Diaries | Bunny Lee, a top striker in scoring hits"
681:"The Music Diaries | Bunny Lee, a top striker in scoring hits"
567:"Bunny 'Striker' Lee, Jamaican reggae producer, dies aged 79"
518:
I Am The Gorgon – Bunny 'Striker' Lee and the Roots of Reggae
398:
394:
425:. Most of these were quick productions, usually to classic
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The mid-1970s saw Lee work with his most successful singer,
877:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 356–.
847:"King Tubby & the Aggrovators: Dubbing in the Backyard"
225:
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market, licensing his productions to the Palmer
Brothers (
152:(23 August 1941 – 6 October 2020), better known as
990:"Bunny Lee dead: Legendary record producer dies aged 79"
498:
mixes. The program was released on DVD in
January 2008.
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Bunny Lee was born on 23 August 1941 and grew up in the
1084:"Legendary reggae producer Bunny Lee has died aged 79"
450:
The
Invincible Beany Man - The 10 Year Old D.J. Wonder
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In 1983, Lee produced the first album by future star
601:"Bunny Lee, Influential Reggae Producer, Dead at 79"
1024:"Reggae Producer Bunny Striker Lee Dead At Age 79"
871:Christoph Cox; Daniel Warner (1 September 2004).
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748:, 11 November 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2014
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494:. It then shows Lee producing a dub while
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516:In 2013 a documentary film was released,
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325:Lee was instrumental in producing early
279:Lee was a pioneer of the United Kingdom
127:Jackpot, Third World, Lee's, Striker Lee
874:Audio Culture: Readings in Modern Music
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565:Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (7 October 2020).
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509:in recognition of his contribution to
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168:market, licensing his productions to
1178:Officers of the Order of Distinction
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196:, where his father was a shoemaker.
16:Jamaican record producer (1941–2020)
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204:Lee began his career working as a
14:
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658:Aniftos, Rania (7 October 2020).
228:in 1967. Lee then set up his own
1163:Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
1022:Mills, Claude (7 October 2020).
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599:Kreps, Daniel (7 October 2020).
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216:. He then moved on to work with
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1048:Katz, David (9 October 2020).
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816:Reggae & Caribbean Music
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917:Morgan, Simone (2015) "
904:"Replicant: On Dub" by
268:'s "Better Must Come",
814:Thompson, Dave (2002)
341:
50:Background information
738:Burrell, Ian (2014) "
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252:("My Conversation"),
147:Edward O'Sullivan Lee
60:Edward O'Sullivan Lee
1050:"Bunny Lee obituary"
503:Order of Distinction
291:in the early 1970s.
224:'s "Music Field" on
1000:on 26 November 2020
711:jamaica-gleaner.com
685:jamaica-gleaner.com
632:. 26 October 2020.
507:Jamaican Government
474:documentary series
379:Channel One Studios
308:Lee "Scratch" Perry
174:Lee "Scratch" Perry
994:My Herald Magazine
970:. iamthegorgon.com
818:, Backbeat Books,
276:'s "Stick By Me".
884:978-0-8264-1615-5
548:, for some time.
306:, and along with
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1065:. Retrieved
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1031:. Retrieved
1028:DancehallMag
1027:
1002:. Retrieved
998:the original
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972:. Retrieved
966:Jason Wood.
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951:30 September
949:. Retrieved
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95:(2020-10-06)
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1158:2020 deaths
1153:1941 births
466:Recognition
368:Barry Brown
364:Leroy Smart
250:The Uniques
222:Roy Shirley
214:Leslie Kong
132:Formerly of
70:Striker Lee
1147:Categories
974:4 November
906:David Toop
552:References
476:Deep Roots
445:Beenie Man
427:Studio One
415:Jah Stitch
389:, notably
331:King Tubby
246:Slim Smith
184:Early life
178:King Tubby
116:Occupation
110:rocksteady
81:1941-08-23
56:Birth name
1129:Bunny Lee
1120:Bunny Lee
1111:CD Times
1062:0261-3077
1033:7 October
1004:7 October
851:Pitchfork
638:0307-1235
579:0261-3077
472:Channel 4
447:, titled
381:with the
375:Joe Gibbs
327:dub music
316:Duke Reid
300:Owen Gray
274:John Holt
262:Max Romeo
254:Pat Kelly
210:Duke Reid
25:Bunny Lee
922:Archived
890:28 April
826:, p. 313
546:diabetes
438:Kingston
373:By 1977
218:Ken Lack
194:Kingston
192:area of
1124:Discogs
505:by the
434:riddims
419:Trinity
407:U Brown
356:deejays
158:Striker
1093:30 May
1067:30 May
1060:
881:
856:30 May
822:
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717:13 May
691:30 May
665:29 May
643:29 May
636:
610:29 May
584:29 May
577:
421:, and
387:deejay
366:, and
287:) and
281:reggae
256:, and
200:Career
166:reggae
124:Labels
106:Reggae
102:Genres
536:Death
399:I-Roy
395:U-Roy
339:it...
230:Lee's
154:Bunny
1133:IMDb
1095:2024
1069:2024
1058:ISSN
1035:2020
1006:2020
976:2014
953:2010
892:2013
879:ISBN
858:2024
820:ISBN
795:ISBN
768:ISBN
719:2017
693:2024
667:2023
645:2023
634:ISSN
612:2023
586:2023
575:ISSN
490:and
377:and
347:and
314:and
302:and
285:Pama
248:and
236:and
226:WIRL
208:for
176:and
90:Died
75:Born
1131:at
1088:NME
928:",
742:",
429:or
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162:Lee
1149::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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