260:
176:, and in a device patented in 1856 by gas engineer R. W. Elsner. The Bunsen/Desaga design generated a hot, sootless, non-luminous flame by mixing the gas with air in a controlled fashion before combustion. Desaga created adjustable slits for air at the bottom of the cylindrical burner, with the flame issuing at the top. When the building opened early in 1855, Desaga had made 50 burners for Bunsen's students. Two years later Bunsen published a description, and many of his colleagues soon adopted the design. Bunsen burners are now used in laboratories around the world.
185:
29:
287:. The yellow flame is considered "dirty" because it leaves a layer of carbon on whatever it is heating. When the burner is regulated to produce a hot, blue flame, it can be nearly invisible against some backgrounds. The hottest part of the flame is the tip of the inner flame, while the coolest is the whole inner flame. Increasing the amount of fuel gas flow through the tube by opening the
329:– The lower part of its tube is conical, with a round screw nut below its base. The gap, set by the distance between the nut and the end of the tube, regulates the influx of the air in a way similar to the open slots of the Bunsen burner. The Teclu burner provides better mixing of air and fuel and can achieve higher flame temperatures than the Bunsen burner.
335:– The lower part of its tube has more openings with larger total cross-section, admitting more air and facilitating better mixing of air and gas. The tube is wider and its top is covered with a wire grid. The grid separates the flame into an array of smaller flames with a common external envelope, and also prevents
339:
to the bottom of the tube, which is a risk at high air-to-fuel ratios and limits the maximum rate of air intake in a conventional Bunsen burner. Flame temperatures of up to 1,100–1,200 °C (2,000–2,200 °F) are achievable if properly used. The flame also burns without noise, unlike the Bunsen
270:
If the collar at the bottom of the tube is adjusted so more air can mix with the gas before combustion, the flame will burn hotter, appearing blue as a result. If the holes are closed, the gas will only mix with ambient air at the point of combustion, that is, only after it has exited the tube at
164:
The designers of the building intended to use the gas not just for lighting, but also as fuel for burners for laboratory operations. For any burner lamp, it was desirable to maximize the temperature of its flame, and minimize its luminosity (which represented lost heating energy). Bunsen sought to
188:
Bunsen burner flames depend on air flow in the throat holes (on the burner side, not the needle valve for gas flow): 1. air hole closed (safety flame used for lighting or default), 2. air hole slightly open, 3. air hole half-open, 4. air hole fully open (roaring blue
33:
A Bunsen burner. The hose barb for the gas tube is on the right and the valve for gas flow adjustment is next to it. The air inlet on this particular model is adjusted by rotating the sleeve on the barrel, thus opening or closing holes in the
291:
will increase the size of the flame. However, unless the airflow is adjusted as well, the flame temperature will decrease because an increased amount of gas is now mixed with the same amount of air, starving the flame of oxygen.
225:, and steam nozzles. The gas then flows up through the base through a small hole at the bottom of the barrel and is directed upward. There are open slots in the side of the tube bottom to admit air into the stream using the
220:
The hose barb is connected to a gas nozzle on the laboratory bench with rubber tubing. Most laboratory benches are equipped with multiple gas nozzles connected to a central gas source, as well as vacuum,
346:– The base of the burner has a needle valve which allows the regulation of gas intake directly from the burner, rather than from the gas source. Maximum temperature of flame can reach 1560 °C.
762:
581:
248:
amount and thus a complete and hotter reaction. The air flow can be controlled by opening or closing the slot openings at the base of the barrel, similar in function to the
444:
424:
271:
the top. This reduced mixing produces an incomplete reaction, producing a cooler but brighter yellow, which is often called the "safety flame" or "
343:
818:
2047:
2026:
229:, and the gas burns at the top of the tube once ignited by a flame or spark. The most common methods of lighting the burner are using a
314:
laboratories to sterilise pieces of equipment and to produce an updraft that forces airborne contaminants away from the working area.
574:
2136:
168:
While the building was under construction in late 1854, Bunsen suggested certain design principles to the university's mechanic,
165:
improve existing laboratory burner lamps as regards economy, simplicity, and flame temperature, and adapt them to coal-gas fuel.
1662:
244:
reaction. Less air yields an incomplete and thus cooler reaction, while a gas stream well mixed with air provides oxygen in a
697:
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477:
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1991:
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Other burners based on the same principle exist. The most important alternatives to the Bunsen burner are:
51:
172:, and asked him to construct a prototype. Similar principles had been used in an earlier burner design by
142:
2165:
1771:
1740:
1652:
767:
1895:
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hired Bunsen and promised him a new laboratory building. The city of
Heidelberg had begun to install
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789:
154:
1730:
1647:
1111:
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779:
206:
130:
1333:
1081:
1050:
608:"Aseptic Laboratory Techniques: Volume Transfers with Serological Pipettes and Micropipettors"
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The amount of air mixed with the gas stream affects the completeness of the
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street lighting, and the university laid gas lines to the new laboratory.
2011:
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The device in use today safely burns a continuous stream of a flammable
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141:, or a mixture. Combustion temperature achieved depends in part on the
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509:
Kohn, Moritz (1950). "Remarks on the history of laboratory burners".
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or other container. The burner will often be placed on a suitable
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Laboratory device used to make fire from fuel and oxidizer gases
1425:
685:
214:
138:
2042:
2021:
230:
115:
575:"Spreading Liquid Cultures of Bacteria on Agar-Media Plates"
386:
Lockemann, G. (1956). "The
Centenary of the Bunsen Burner".
1596:
895:
496:
Chemical
Reactions – A compendium of experimental chemistry
280:
118:, and is used for heating, sterilization, and combustion.
194:
692:. Kolkata, India: New Central Book Agency. p. 46.
686:
Partha, Mandal Pratim & Mandal, B. (2002-01-01).
719:. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 38.
426:Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science
2147:
553:. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 233–236.
543:
812:
732:"The lab burner- Anatomy of a Tirrill burner"
295:Generally, the burner is placed underneath a
283:particles in the flame, which are heated to
1772:Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument
819:
805:
498:(8th ed.). Glasgow: R Griffin and Co.
27:
774:
627:
385:
307:to protect the laboratory bench surface.
2137:Instruments used in medical laboratories
1618:
826:
493:
258:
183:
1653:Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) device
605:
2148:
1701:Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
729:
439:
423:Rocke, A. J. (2002). "Bunsen Burner".
1978:
1797:
1617:
1277:
838:
800:
752:
650:
422:
712:
689:A Text Book of Homoeopathic Pharmacy
508:
550:The development of modern chemistry
13:
1696:Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
14:
2182:
746:
656:"Ein neuer Laboratoriums-Brenner"
612:Journal of Visualized Experiments
445:"The Origin of the Bunsen Burner"
263:A Bunsen burner situated below a
1741:Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)
1551:Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
310:A Bunsen burner is also used in
114:; it produces a single open gas
1798:
723:
706:
679:
587:from the original on 2022-10-09
780:"Robert Bunsen and his Burner"
644:
599:
567:
537:
502:
487:
433:
416:
379:
1:
1278:
511:Journal of Chemical Education
453:Journal of Chemical Education
389:Journal of Chemical Education
372:
785:The Periodic Table of Videos
763:Classic Kit, Chemistry World
179:
145:of the chosen fuel mixture.
7:
839:
350:
317:
143:adiabatic flame temperature
106:, is a kind of ambient air
10:
2187:
1979:
768:Royal Society of Chemistry
716:Domestic Science, Volume 2
148:
2134:
2085:
2035:
2002:
1989:
1985:
1974:
1945:
1914:
1896:Time-domain reflectometer
1858:
1810:
1806:
1793:
1749:
1709:
1686:
1663:Liquid chromatograph (LC)
1630:
1626:
1613:
1574:
1531:
1480:
1449:
1386:
1355:
1332:
1316:
1290:
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1273:
1156:
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1002:
927:
849:
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834:
713:Hale, Charles W. (1915).
606:Sanders, Erin R. (2012).
65:
39:
26:
790:University of Nottingham
673:10.1002/prac.18920450127
494:Griffith, J. J. (1838).
275:". The yellow flame is
217:, or a mixture of both.
155:University of Heidelberg
1731:Melting-point apparatus
1112:Cryogenic storage dewar
207:liquefied petroleum gas
131:liquefied petroleum gas
2161:Combustion engineering
1668:Mass spectrometer (MS)
1658:Gas chromatograph (GC)
580:. chemistry.ucla.edu.
267:
201:(which is principally
190:
2043:Acid-resistant gloves
1724:differential scanning
730:Cruzan, Jeff (2012).
262:
187:
2171:Laboratory equipment
1620:Analytical chemistry
1122:Laminar flow cabinet
828:Laboratory equipment
483:on November 9, 2006.
112:laboratory equipment
1992:Personal protective
901:Meker–Fisher burner
523:1950JChEd..27..514K
466:2005JChEd..82..518J
402:1956JChEd..33...20L
367:Meker-Fisher burner
299:, which supports a
83:Meker-Fisher burner
23:
1835:Function generator
1818:Bench power supply
1757:Analytical balance
1518:Ostwald viscometer
1513:Graduated cylinder
1252:Inoculation needle
441:Jensen, William B.
268:
191:
21:
2166:German inventions
2143:
2142:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2103:Fire extinguisher
2093:Biosafety cabinet
2081:
2080:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1901:Transistor tester
1891:Spectrum analyzer
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1481:Measuring devices
1303:Soxhlet extractor
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1217:Spectrophotometer
1212:Pipeclay triangle
964:Mortar and pestle
776:Poliakoff, Martyn
758:"Bunsen's Burner"
699:978-81-7381-009-1
560:978-0-486-64235-2
531:10.1021/ed027p514
474:10.1021/ed082p518
340:or Teclu burners.
297:laboratory tripod
125:(which is mainly
96:
95:
2178:
2000:
1999:
1987:
1986:
1976:
1975:
1881:Network analyzer
1808:
1807:
1795:
1794:
1628:
1627:
1615:
1614:
1288:
1287:
1275:
1274:
1257:Inoculation loop
1127:Microtiter plate
1067:Test tube holder
959:Magnetic stirrer
847:
846:
836:
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821:
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545:Ihde, Aaron John
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476:. Archived from
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2122:
2118:Solvent cabinet
2077:
2048:Eyewash station
2031:
1996:
1994:equipment (PPE)
1993:
1981:
1962:
1941:
1910:
1854:
1845:Pulse generator
1811:Control devices
1802:
1781:
1745:
1711:Thermochemistry
1705:
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1622:
1601:
1570:
1527:
1493:Conical measure
1476:
1445:
1382:
1351:
1328:
1312:
1282:
1261:
1242:Test tube brush
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1137:Picotiter plate
1100:
1086:
1082:Lab drying rack
1041:Extension clamp
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859:
841:
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749:
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661:J. Prakt. Chem.
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174:Michael Faraday
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121:The gas can be
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2128:
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2113:Safety cabinet
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2073:Safety goggles
2070:
2068:Safety glasses
2065:
2063:Nitrile gloves
2060:
2058:Medical gloves
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
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2019:
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2003:
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1955:
1953:Alligator clip
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1927:Soldering iron
1924:
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1912:
1911:
1909:
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1871:Logic analyzer
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1401:Vacuum (Dewar)
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1072:Test tube rack
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1053:
1048:
1047:Funnel support
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1029:
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954:Liquid whistle
951:
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932:
928:
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921:
919:Vacuum dry box
916:
911:
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903:
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881:Heating mantle
878:
873:
868:
866:Alcohol burner
862:
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748:
747:External links
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678:
667:(1): 281–286.
652:Teclu, Nicolae
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486:
432:
429:. p. 114.
415:
377:
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364:
362:Heating mantle
359:
357:Alcohol burner
352:
349:
348:
347:
344:Tirrill burner
341:
330:
319:
316:
273:luminous flame
246:stoichiometric
227:Venturi effect
181:
178:
150:
147:
102:, named after
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78:Heating mantle
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2027:Safety shower
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1998:
1995:
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1937:Wire stripper
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1767:Spiral plater
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1173:Balance brush
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1149:Weighing dish
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1146:Weighing boat
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1037:Burette clamp
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871:Bunsen burner
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305:heatproof mat
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285:incandescence
282:
279:due to small
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153:In 1852, the
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119:
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109:
105:
104:Robert Bunsen
101:
100:Bunsen burner
89:
86:
84:
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71:
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68:
66:Related items
64:
58:
55:
53:
52:Sterilization
50:
48:
45:
44:
42:
38:
30:
25:
22:Bunsen burner
19:
2098:Fire blanket
2036:Eye and hand
2022:Rubber apron
1886:Oscilloscope
1850:Potentiostat
1777:Plate reader
1673:pH indicator
1643:CHN analyzer
1638:AutoAnalyzer
1431:Round-bottom
1324:Boston round
1187:Filter paper
1142:Refrigerator
1059:Retort stand
1027:Clamp holder
1023:Beaker clamp
989:Vortex mixer
984:Stirring rod
979:Static mixer
909:Teclu burner
870:
783:
761:
735:
725:
715:
708:
688:
681:
664:
659:
646:
620:10.3791/2754
614:(63): 2754.
611:
601:
589:. Retrieved
569:
549:
539:
514:
510:
504:
495:
489:
478:the original
457:
451:
435:
425:
418:
396:(1): 20–21.
393:
387:
381:
333:Meker burner
327:Teclu burner
321:
312:microbiology
309:
294:
289:needle valve
269:
239:
219:
192:
170:Peter Desaga
167:
163:
152:
120:
99:
97:
88:Teclu burner
18:
2086:Other items
2012:Face shield
1859:Measurement
1840:Galvanostat
1800:Electronics
1750:Other items
1736:Thermometer
1719:Calorimeter
1648:Colorimeter
1592:Gas syringe
1575:Other items
1503:Eye dropper
1378:Watch glass
1363:Evaporating
1342:Cold finger
1157:Other items
1063:Screw clamp
1055:Pinch clamp
1044:Flask clamp
994:Wash bottle
949:Homogenizer
254:carburettor
199:natural gas
123:natural gas
2150:Categories
2017:Respirator
1958:Test probe
1876:Multimeter
1688:Microscopy
1508:Eudiometer
1472:Separatory
1441:Volumetric
1406:Erlenmeyer
1334:Condensers
1298:Dean–Stark
1247:Wire brush
1207:Microscope
1202:Centrifuge
1177:Cork borer
1132:Petri dish
1107:Agar plate
1094:Containers
1077:Wire gauze
914:Water bath
876:Desiccator
736:xaktly.com
591:4 November
517:(9): 514.
460:(4): 518.
373:References
242:combustion
133:, such as
108:gas burner
57:Combustion
2108:Fume hood
2053:Glove box
1906:Voltmeter
1291:Apparatus
1280:Glassware
1169:Autoclave
1164:Aspirator
1117:Incubator
1051:Iron ring
974:Sonicator
944:Chemostat
886:Hot plate
337:flashback
180:Operation
73:Hot plate
2007:Lab coat
1932:Tweezers
1922:Heat gun
1678:pH meter
1587:Bell jar
1467:Dropping
1421:Florence
1411:Fernbach
1373:Syracuse
1232:Scoopula
1182:Crucible
891:Lab oven
778:(2011).
756:(2007).
654:(1892).
638:22688118
582:Archived
547:(1984).
443:(2005).
351:See also
318:Variants
277:luminous
223:nitrogen
209:such as
197:such as
159:coal-gas
110:used as
2156:Burners
1946:General
1866:Ammeter
1566:Thistle
1523:Pipette
1498:Cuvette
1488:Burette
1457:BĂĽchner
1450:Funnels
1436:Schlenk
1416:Fleaker
1396:BĂĽchner
1317:Bottles
1237:Spatula
1227:Stopper
1197:Forceps
1097:Storage
1014:Holders
934:Shakers
905:Striker
853:Heaters
840:General
629:3941987
519:Bibcode
462:Bibcode
398:Bibcode
211:propane
205:) or a
203:methane
189:flame).
149:History
135:propane
129:) or a
127:methane
47:Heating
1980:Safety
1582:Beaker
1561:Thiele
1546:Cragie
1541:Drying
1462:Hirsch
1426:Retort
1388:Flasks
1356:Dishes
1347:Liebig
1308:Kipp's
1222:Splint
1032:Tripod
1010:Clamps
1006:Stands
969:Shaker
931:Mixers
856:Dryers
696:
636:
626:
557:
301:beaker
265:tripod
215:butane
139:butane
1915:Tools
1533:Tubes
1368:Petri
585:(PDF)
578:(PDF)
481:(PDF)
448:(PDF)
252:in a
250:choke
233:or a
231:match
116:flame
34:tube.
1597:Vial
1556:Test
1192:File
896:Kiln
694:ISBN
634:PMID
593:2018
555:ISBN
281:soot
40:Uses
669:doi
624:PMC
616:doi
527:doi
470:doi
406:doi
195:gas
2152::
788:.
782:.
766:.
760:.
734:.
665:45
658:.
632:.
622:.
610:.
525:.
515:27
513:.
468:.
458:82
456:.
450:.
404:.
394:33
392:.
256:.
237:.
213:,
137:,
98:A
820:e
813:t
806:v
792:.
770:.
738:.
702:.
675:.
671::
640:.
618::
595:.
563:.
533:.
529::
521::
472::
464::
412:.
408::
400::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
