635:, version 2021e, released on 2021-10-21) gives 6:24:47, citing a secondary source (Reed and Low, The Indian Year Book, 1936–37, pp. 27–28); to be sure, the maintainers of the database do state that "this file is by no means authoritative." The 6:24:47 figure of (Reed and Low) may have been a typographical error from the 6:24:37 time given in (Indian Railway Board 1906: 7) which states that "... in Burma 6 1/2 hours ahead of Greenwich and 5 minutes 23 seconds earlier than Rangoon time." The Railway Board's 6:24:37 is likely false as the Admiralty records from 1898 to 1922 all say the official Rangoon time (per Kinns 2020: 545) was 6:24:40.
361:
1490:
1500:
152:
47:
671:(Kinns 2020: 545): the UK Admiralty records show that the time ball at the Rangoon time signal station was dropped twice each day, once at GMT+17:30:00 for 00:00:00 BST (i.e. GMT+6:30:00) and also at GMT+17:35:20 for 00:00:00 RMT (i.e. GMT+6:24:40); it was only in 1930 that the time ball at Rangoon was dropped for the standard time (GMT+6:30:00).
421:
The standard time was reverted to GMT+6:30 after the war. It has remained ever since, even after the country's independence in 1948. The only change has been its name in
English; the official English name has been changed to Myanmar Standard Time presumably since 1989 when the country's name in
661:
An April 1927 dispatch by the US Naval
Intelligence (USNI 1928: 723) says that the whole country, except Rangoon, used the standard time, GMT+6:30, while the city of Rangoon still used Rangoon Mean Time, which was 5 minutes 20 seconds behind Burma Standard Time (or
392:
says RMT was introduced in 1880.) On 1 July 1905, a new standard time called Burma
Standard Time (BST) at GMT+6:30—set to the longitude 97° 30' E, and 5 minutes and 20 seconds ahead of RMT—was first adopted by the
401:
administrations. Although the rest of the country came to adopt BST, RMT continued to be used in the city of
Rangoon at least to 1927. By 1930, however, BST apparently had been adopted in Rangoon as well.
384:(Yangon) on 1 October 1893. However, the use of RMT as the common time, at least in some sectors, most probably started earlier. (The country's first rail service, between Rangoon and
1009:
Kinns, Roger (2021). "Time
Signals for Mariners in Southeast Asia: Time Balls, Discs, Bells, Guns and Lights". In Wayne Orchiston; Mayank N. Vahia (eds.).
572:
473:
First adopted by
Railways and Telegraph offices in 1905. The October 2021 IANA database says it was introduced in 1920 but does not provide a source.
459:
Standard time for
British Burma from at least 1892 to 30 June 1905. Continued to be used in Rangoon (Yangon) at least to 1927 perhaps until 1929.
616:
or 23 hours, 37 minutes and 28.08 seconds. The civil day comprises two halves, the first half beginning at sunrise and the second half at sunset.
972:
1455:
1404:
1078:
1024:
192:(နာရီ). Although the calendar consists of time units down to the millisecond level, the popular usage never extended beyond
1131:
625:
The time offset of 6:24:40 was the time used by the official time signal station in
Rangoon per (Kinns 2020: 545) and the
1465:
398:
17:
1012:
Exploring the
History of Southeast Asian Astronomy: A Review of Current Projects and Future Prospects and Possibilities
1379:
901:
Clancy, J.C. (January 1906). T. Lewis; H.P. Hollis (eds.). "The
Burmese Calendar: A Monthly Review of Astronomy".
1529:
1424:
964:
490:
410:
915:
626:
132:
1214:
940:
1524:
1460:
1146:
1124:
649:
644:(Kinns 2020: 544): The British apparently were using a local pagoda (later came to be known as the
1419:
1324:
517:
184:
rules: sunrise, noon, sunset and midnight. The day was divided into eight 3-hour segments called
652:; but "no supporting evidence of a Rangoon time signal has been found in notices prior to 1893."
422:
English was changed from Burma to Myanmar. The country does not observe a daylight saving time.
1429:
927:
629:(Admiralty 1895: 27); it was confirmed by the US Naval Intelligence report (USNI 1928: 723).
612:. The mean Burmese astronomical day is from midnight to midnight, and represents 1/30th of a
560:
173:
1374:
1339:
1294:
981:
140:
83:
8:
1444:
1264:
1259:
1154:
1117:
478:
406:
985:
1384:
1359:
1274:
1254:
1204:
1174:
1164:
997:
993:
608:(Clancy 1906: 57): The Burmese calendar recognizes two types of day: astronomical and
1499:
1470:
1349:
1344:
1224:
1074:
1020:
1016:
1001:
372:
in the late 19th century. The first confirmed mention of Rangoon Mean Time (RMT) at
1414:
1364:
1319:
1299:
1289:
1189:
989:
394:
181:
111:
102:
1389:
1304:
1284:
1169:
1159:
1100:
1089:
1068:
1057:
1046:
1035:
1010:
919:
891:
177:
90:
980:(3). Chiang Mai: National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand: 523–552.
1434:
1369:
1334:
1269:
1249:
1239:
1199:
1184:
1179:
645:
156:
1518:
1493:
1475:
1394:
1354:
1329:
1309:
1244:
1219:
1209:
1194:
882:
613:
369:
360:
204:
while a drum (စည်) and a large bell (ခေါင်းလောင်း) were struck to mark every
124:
1314:
1279:
1234:
1229:
582:
537:
1098:
1055:
896:. Translated by Arthur Baring Brabant. London: A. Constable & Company.
1503:
1037:
Administration Report on the Railways in India for the Calendar Year 1905
577:
542:
525:
389:
1044:
648:) in Rangoon for signaling at least since 1855, three years after their
587:
555:
1066:
609:
547:
521:
377:
376:+6:24:40 being in use was in 1892, a year before the country's first
160:
136:
135:. Myanmar Standard Time (MMT) is calculated on the basis of 97°30′E
62:
38:
364:
Burma at 6:30 ahead of the GMT on this 1928 world map of time zones
949:
632:
715:
567:
529:
151:
128:
1094:. Vol. IV. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
1109:
1087:
381:
913:
163:
attached to the top of the pagoda by the British is visible.
385:
1033:
139:. MMT is used all year round, as Myanmar does not observe
440:
373:
46:
947:
388:(Pyay), began on 2 May 1877, and the non-authoritative
965:"Time Signals for Mariners in India, Burma and Ceylon"
1067:
United States Nautical Almanac Office (17 May 2013).
1099:United States Office of Naval Intelligence (1928).
1091:
Publications of the United States Naval Observatory
1062:. Washington: United States Department of Commerce.
1056:United States National Bureau of Standards (1935).
1045:Union of Myanmar Ministry of Information (2002).
1516:
883:"Who, What, Why: Should it be Burma or Myanmar?"
172:Myanmar did not have a standard time before the
738:
1125:
1102:Port Directory of the Principal Foreign Ports
889:
342:
327:
312:
297:
279:
264:
249:
234:
1051:. Ministry of Information, Union of Myanmar.
973:Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage
413:of the country (1942–1945) in World War II.
1073:. Government Printing Office. p. 262.
852:
756:
702:
700:
425:
188:(ဗဟို), or sixty 24-minute segments called
1132:
1118:
720:
511:
811:
809:
790:
788:
786:
1088:United States Naval Observatory (1906).
880:
843:
697:
359:
150:
797:
14:
1517:
1070:The Nautical Almanac for the Year 2014
948:IANA Time Zone Database (2021-10-21).
900:
806:
783:
765:
747:
200:measurements; a gong was struck every
167:
1113:
1008:
962:
827:
825:
823:
821:
729:
690:
688:
416:
110:
815:USNO 1906: Volume IV, Appendix II, v
774:
334:midway between midnight and sunrise
1034:The Railway Board of India (1906).
834:
780:IANA TZ October 2021: Burma/Myanmar
304:midway between sunset and midnight
24:
1105:. Washington: US Naval Department.
1059:Standard Time Throughout the World
818:
685:
368:The use of a common time began in
355:
241:midway between sunrise and midday
25:
1541:
1040:. Simla: Manager of Publications.
994:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2020.03.05
405:The standard time was changed to
1498:
1489:
1488:
1139:
831:IANA October 2021: Burma/Myanmar
45:
874:
861:
665:
655:
633:https://www.iana.org/time-zones
271:midway between noon and sunset
159:in Rangoon/Yangon in 1855. The
1456:British Indian Ocean Territory
893:The Colonisation of Indo-China
890:Chailley-Bert, Joseph (1894).
709:
638:
619:
602:
13:
1:
678:
429:
881:BBC News (2 December 2011).
112:[mjəmàsàɰ̃dɔ̀dʑèiɰ̃]
7:
950:"Time Zone Database, 2021e"
497:Burma/Myanmar Standard Time
467:1 July 1905 – 30 April 1942
176:. Each region kept its own
10:
1546:
1048:Myanmar: Facts and Figures
453:2 May 1877? – 30 June 1905
380:observatory was opened in
146:
1484:
1443:
1403:
1145:
650:annexation of Lower Burma
489:Standard time during the
343:
328:
313:
298:
290:
280:
265:
250:
235:
227:
222:
219:
216:
213:
106:
89:
81:
74:21:05, 27 September 2024
73:
68:
58:
53:
44:
37:
32:
1205:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
840:BBC News 2 December 2011
595:
426:Timeline of common times
1466:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
771:Chailley-Bert 1894: 336
518:IANA time zone database
512:IANA time zone database
483:1 May 1942 – 2 May 1945
390:IANA time zone database
174:British colonial period
157:Alanpya "Signal" Pagoda
1530:Time in Southeast Asia
935:Cite journal requires
365:
164:
963:Kinns, Roger (2020).
920:"Bay of Bengal Pilot"
914:Hydrographic Office,
753:Hydrographic 1895: 27
363:
154:
131:, 6.5 hours ahead of
99:Myanmar Standard Time
1380:United Arab Emirates
500:3 May 1945 – present
141:daylight saving time
1407:limited recognition
986:2020JAHH...23..523K
744:Kinns 2020: 544–545
631:The IANA database (
491:Japanese occupation
479:Japan Standard Time
464:Burma Standard Time
411:Japanese occupation
407:Japan Standard Time
180:, according to the
168:Pre-colonial period
117:Burma Standard Time
18:Burma Standard Time
417:After independence
366:
165:
107:မြန်မာ စံတော်ချိန်
1512:
1511:
1449:other territories
1080:978-0-16-091756-1
1026:978-3-030-62776-8
1017:Cham, Switzerland
593:
592:
573:16.79543 96.15051
509:
508:
450:Rangoon Mean Time
409:(JST) during the
353:
352:
96:
95:
16:(Redirected from
1537:
1502:
1492:
1491:
1461:Christmas Island
1147:Sovereign states
1134:
1127:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1095:
1084:
1063:
1052:
1041:
1030:
1005:
969:
959:
957:
956:
944:
938:
933:
931:
923:
910:
897:
886:
868:
865:
859:
856:
850:
847:
841:
838:
832:
829:
816:
813:
804:
801:
795:
792:
781:
778:
772:
769:
763:
760:
754:
751:
745:
742:
736:
733:
727:
724:
718:
713:
707:
704:
695:
692:
672:
669:
663:
659:
653:
642:
636:
623:
617:
606:
534:
533:
430:
346:
345:
344:နံနက် လေးချက်တီး
331:
330:
316:
315:
301:
300:
283:
282:
268:
267:
253:
252:
238:
237:
236:နံနက် တစ်ချက်တီး
211:
210:
182:Burmese calendar
114:
108:
49:
30:
29:
21:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1525:Time in Myanmar
1515:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1480:
1448:
1439:
1420:Northern Cyprus
1406:
1399:
1141:
1138:
1081:
1027:
967:
954:
952:
936:
934:
925:
924:
903:The Observatory
877:
872:
871:
866:
862:
858:Kinns 2020: 545
857:
853:
848:
844:
839:
835:
830:
819:
814:
807:
802:
798:
793:
784:
779:
775:
770:
766:
762:Kinns 2021: 445
761:
757:
752:
748:
743:
739:
735:Clancy 1906: 57
734:
730:
726:Kinns 2020: 544
725:
721:
714:
710:
706:USNAO 2013: 262
705:
698:
693:
686:
681:
676:
675:
670:
666:
660:
656:
643:
639:
630:
624:
620:
607:
603:
598:
514:
428:
419:
358:
356:Colonial period
266:နေ့ သုံးချက်တီး
251:နေ့ နှစ်ချက်တီး
178:local mean time
170:
149:
91:Date-time group
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1543:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1096:
1085:
1079:
1064:
1053:
1042:
1031:
1025:
1006:
960:
945:
937:|journal=
911:
898:
887:
876:
873:
870:
869:
860:
851:
849:USNI 1928: 723
842:
833:
817:
805:
796:
782:
773:
764:
755:
746:
737:
728:
719:
708:
696:
683:
682:
680:
677:
674:
673:
664:
654:
637:
618:
600:
599:
597:
594:
591:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
564:
563:
561:UTC DST offset
558:
553:
550:
545:
540:
513:
510:
507:
506:
504:
501:
498:
494:
493:
487:
484:
481:
475:
474:
471:
468:
465:
461:
460:
457:
454:
451:
447:
446:
443:
437:
434:
427:
424:
418:
415:
357:
354:
351:
350:
347:
340:
336:
335:
332:
325:
321:
320:
317:
310:
306:
305:
302:
295:
292:
288:
287:
284:
281:နေ့ လေးချက်တီး
277:
273:
272:
269:
262:
258:
257:
256:noon (midday)
254:
247:
243:
242:
239:
232:
229:
225:
224:
221:
218:
215:
169:
166:
148:
145:
94:
93:
87:
86:
79:
78:
71:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1542:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:South Ossetia
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
974:
966:
961:
951:
946:
942:
929:
921:
917:
912:
908:
904:
899:
895:
894:
888:
884:
879:
878:
864:
855:
846:
837:
828:
826:
824:
822:
812:
810:
800:
791:
789:
787:
777:
768:
759:
750:
741:
732:
723:
717:
712:
703:
701:
691:
689:
684:
668:
662:GMT+6:24:40).
658:
651:
647:
646:Signal Pagoda
641:
634:
628:
622:
615:
614:synodic month
611:
605:
601:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
562:
559:
557:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:
527:
523:
520:contains one
519:
505:
502:
499:
496:
495:
492:
488:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
472:
469:
466:
463:
462:
458:
455:
452:
449:
448:
444:
442:
438:
435:
432:
431:
423:
414:
412:
408:
403:
400:
396:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:British Burma
362:
348:
341:
338:
337:
333:
329:ည သုံးချက်တီး
326:
323:
322:
318:
314:ည နှစ်ချက်တီး
311:
308:
307:
303:
296:
293:
289:
285:
278:
275:
274:
270:
263:
260:
259:
255:
248:
245:
244:
240:
233:
230:
226:
220:Burmese name
212:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
162:
158:
153:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
125:standard time
122:
118:
113:
104:
100:
92:
88:
85:
80:
77:
72:
67:
64:
61:
57:
52:
48:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
1445:Dependencies
1375:Turkmenistan
1340:Saudi Arabia
1140:Time in Asia
1101:
1090:
1069:
1058:
1047:
1036:
1019:: Springer.
1011:
977:
971:
953:. Retrieved
928:cite journal
906:
902:
892:
875:Bibliography
863:
854:
845:
836:
803:USBS 1935: 3
799:
794:RE 1906: 346
776:
767:
758:
749:
740:
731:
722:
711:
667:
657:
640:
621:
604:
583:Asia/Rangoon
538:Country Code
515:
503:UTC+06:30:00
486:UTC+09:00:00
439:Offset from
420:
404:
367:
299:ည တစ်ချက်တီး
223:Description
205:
201:
197:
196:and at most
193:
189:
185:
171:
120:
116:
115:), formerly
98:
97:
75:
69:Current time
1504:Asia portal
1405:States with
1325:Philippines
1265:South Korea
1260:North Korea
1155:Afghanistan
885:. BBC News.
694:MFF 2002: 1
578:Asia/Yangon
543:Coordinates
526:Asia/Yangon
470:UTC+6:30:00
456:UTC+6:24:40
1519:Categories
1385:Uzbekistan
1360:Tajikistan
1275:Kyrgyzstan
1255:Kazakhstan
1175:Bangladesh
1165:Azerbaijan
955:2022-01-01
679:References
556:UTC offset
123:), is the
54:UTC offset
1471:Hong Kong
1425:Palestine
1350:Sri Lanka
1345:Singapore
1225:Indonesia
1002:256563687
922:. London.
916:Admiralty
627:Admiralty
552:Comments
548:Time Zone
522:time zone
399:Telegraph
378:time ball
339:4 o'clock
324:3 o'clock
319:midnight
309:2 o'clock
294:1 o'clock
276:4 o'clock
261:3 o'clock
246:2 o'clock
231:1 o'clock
161:time ball
137:longitude
39:Time zone
33:UTC+06:30
27:Time zone
1494:Category
1415:Abkhazia
1365:Thailand
1320:Pakistan
1300:Mongolia
1295:Maldives
1290:Malaysia
1190:Cambodia
918:(1895).
395:Railways
349:sunrise
84:meridian
82:Central
63:UTC+6:30
1390:Vietnam
1305:Myanmar
1285:Lebanon
1215:Georgia
1170:Bahrain
1160:Armenia
982:Bibcode
716:Myanmar
530:Myanmar
436:Period
382:Rangoon
286:sunset
147:History
129:Myanmar
103:Burmese
1435:Taiwan
1370:Turkey
1335:Russia
1270:Kuwait
1250:Jordan
1240:Israel
1200:Cyprus
1185:Brunei
1180:Bhutan
1077:
1023:
1000:
909:(366).
867:Yangon
588:+06:30
524:named
445:Notes
1476:Macau
1395:Yemen
1355:Syria
1330:Qatar
1310:Nepal
1245:Japan
1220:India
1210:Egypt
1195:China
998:S2CID
968:(PDF)
610:civil
596:Notes
433:Name
386:Prome
291:Night
217:Time
214:Type
1315:Oman
1280:Laos
1235:Iraq
1230:Iran
1075:ISBN
1021:ISBN
941:help
907:XXIX
528:for
516:The
397:and
206:baho
202:nayi
198:nayi
194:baho
190:nayi
186:baho
155:The
1447:and
990:doi
441:UTC
374:GMT
228:Day
133:UTC
127:in
121:BST
76:MMT
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