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In 1956, Bruce Glick showed that removal of the bursa in newly hatched chicks severely impaired the ability of the adult birds to produce antibodies. In contrast, removal of the bursa in adult chickens has little effect on the immune system. This was a serendipitous discovery that came about when a
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bacteria, the two students realized that the bursa is necessary for antibody production. Their initial attempts to publish their findings were thwarted by an editor who commented that "further elucidation of the mechanism ... should be attempted before publication.”
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fellow graduate, Timothy S. Chang, who was teaching a course on antibody production obtained chickens from Glick that had been bursectomised (removal of the bursa). When these chickens failed to produce antibody in response to an immunization with
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responses, was drastically reduced. By the mid-1960s, immunologists were convinced that there were indeed two separate arms of the immune system: one dealing exclusively with the production of circulating antibodies
110:(interior) surface of the bursa is plicated with as many as 15 primary and 7 secondary plicae or folds. These plicae have hundreds of bursal follicles containing follicle-associated epithelial cells,
122:. In the bursa, these stem cells acquire the characteristics of mature, immunocompetent B cells. The bursa is active in young birds. It atrophies after about six months.
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in the immune response was also identified shortly after the discovery of bursa's role in antibody responses. In thymectomized animals, the ability to reject
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190:"The contribution of Bruce Glick to the definition of the role played by the bursa of Fabricius in the development of the B cell lineage"
171:(IBD) is a viral disease in poultry. Typically, the virus attacks the bursa of young birds, preventing development of the immune system.
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Glick, Bruce (1983). "Bursa of
Fabricius". In Farner, Donald S.; King, James R.; Parkes, Kenneth C. (eds.).
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is often the site of both hematopoiesis and B cell development. The bursa is present in the
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Sternberg, SS (Nov 2003). "Bottoms up to a Nobel-worthy chicken's bottom".
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Cooper, MD; Raymond, DA; Peterson, RD; South, MA; Good, RA (Jan 1, 1966).
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organ that is found only in birds. The bursa develops as a
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254:"The Bursa of Fabricius and Antibody Production"
252:Glick, B; Chang, TS; Jaap, RG (1 January 1956).
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418:Photo of diseased organ
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