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surviving to adulthood. If there are too few young, the resulting adult beetles will be large but the parents could have produced more of them. The most successful beetle parents will achieve a good balance between the size of offspring and the number produced. This method of brood size regulation might be the result of the eggs being laid before the female has been able to gauge the size of the carcass and hence how many larvae it can provision.
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attracting competition. The carcass is formed into a ball and the fur or feathers stripped away and used to line and reinforce the crypt, also known as a nursery, where the carcass will remain until the flesh has been completely consumed. The burial process can take around 8 hours. Several pairs of beetles may cooperate to bury large carcasses and then raise their broods communally.
706:
at an early stage, which is also known as culling their young. This is done to ensure that the supply of food provided by the carcass is sufficient to nourish all the larvae sufficiently. If there are too many young, they will all be underfed and will develop less quickly, reducing their chances of
633:
beetle. Nicrophorus nepalensis beetles prepare carcasses and care for the developing larvae in a joint fashion. After burying carcasses, Nicrophorus nepalensis mate and lay eggs near/on the carcass. Then, when the eggs hatch into larvae and begin feeding on the flesh of the carcass. This process
642:
The prospective parents begin to dig a hole below the carcass. While doing so, and after removing all hair from the carcass, the beetles cover the animal with antibacterial and antifungal oral and anal secretions, slowing the decay of the carcass and preventing the smell of rotting flesh from
670:
or burying beetles of either another or the same species. Throughout the entirety of the larva's development, the parents fight off these competitors all the while maintaining an ideal nursery inside the carcass for their offspring. The final-stage larvae migrate into the soil and pupate,
719:) was reclassified from the endangered category to threatened by the Fish and Wildlife Service. Burying beetles are important to the ecosystem and aid in nutrient recycling by burying dead animals. This allows for the nutrient-rich carcass to be recycled by the system.
646:
The female burying beetle lays eggs in the soil around the crypt. The larvae hatch after a few days and move into a pit in the carcass which the parents have created. Although the larvae are able to feed themselves, both parents also feed the larvae in response to
2162:
618:), beetles fight amongst themselves (males fighting males, females fighting females) until the winning pair (usually the largest) remains. If a lone beetle finds a carcass, it may continue alone and await a partner. Single males attract mates by releasing a
659:. This probably speeds up larval development. It is also thought the parent beetles can produce secretions from head glands that have anti-microbial activity, inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi on the vertebrate corpse.
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1498:"Federal Register :: Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Reclassification of the American Burying Beetle From Endangered to Threatened With a Section 4(d) Rule"
1224:
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2011:
Cai, Chen-Yang; Thayer, Margaret K.; Engel, Michael S.; Newton, Alfred F.; Ortega-Blanco, Jaime; Wang, Bo; Wang, Xiang-Dong; Huang, Di-Ying (30 September 2014).
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EGGERT, ANNE-KATRIN; REINKING, MARTINA; MÜLLER, JOSEF K (January 1998). "Parental care improves offspring survival and growth in burying beetles".
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Trumbo, S.T. 1994. Interspecific competition, brood parasitism, and the evolution of biparental cooperation in burying beetles. Oikos. 69:241–249.
2335:
2374:
2080:"To what extent do new fossil discoveries change our understanding of clade evolution? A cautionary tale from burying beetles (Coleoptera:
2154:
1648:"Nestmate recognition in burying beetles: the "breeder's badge" as a cue used by females to distinguish their mates from male intruders"
1968:
Kirby - new status as a resurrected name (Coleoptera: Silphidae: Nicrophorinae). Arthropod
Systematics & Phylogeny 74(3): 299-309
662:
The adult beetles continue to protect the larvae, which take several days to mature. Many competitors make this task difficult, e.g.
1757:"Evolutionary change in the construction of the nursery environment when parents are prevented from caring for their young directly"
2309:
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1541:"Biparental care is predominant and beneficial to parents in the burying beetle Nicrophorus orbicollis (Coleoptera: Silphidae)"
1832:
Trumbo, Stephen T.; Valletta, Richard C. (April 2007). "The Costs of
Confronting Infanticidal Intruders in a Burying Beetle".
203:
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for their larvae; this makes them carnivorous. They are unusual among insects in that both the male and female parents take
61:
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dating around 10,500 years was reported in 1962 by
Pearson. An extinct unnamed member of the genus is known from the
622:
from the tip of their abdomens. Females can raise a brood alone, fertilizing her eggs using sperm stored from previous
1923:"This Beetle Lays its Eggs in Dead Mice Carcasses and then Covers Them With Mucus – But it's Endangered and Important"
629:
An example of a species of
Nicrophorus beetle that displays this form of bi-parental care and burying activity is the
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Duarte, Ana; Rebar, Darren; Hallett, Allysa C.; Jarrett, Benjamin J. M.; Kilner, Rebecca M. (24 November 2021).
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capable of detecting a dead animal from a long distance. After finding a carcass (most usually that of a small
46:
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626:. The carcass is usually buried by the beetle(s) to hide it from potential competitors, which are numerous.
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57:
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546:(forewings). Burying beetles are true to their name—they bury the carcasses of small vertebrates such as
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species list since 1989. This species was native to 35 U.S. states but now is only known to exist in 9.
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1597:"Behavioral dynamics between caring males and females in a beetle with facultative biparental care"
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1947:
1294:
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690:). Burying beetles are exceptional in exhibiting this trait, and thus fall under the category of
35:
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1447:
Trumbo, Stephen T. (1990). "Reproductive
Benefits of Infanticide in a Biparental Burying Beetle
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1689:"American burying beetle (Nicrophorus americanus): COSEWIC assessment and status report 2011"
1513:"American burying beetle (Nicrophorus americanus): COSEWIC assessment and status report 2011"
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Sikes D, Trumbo ST, Peck SB (2016) Cryptic diversity in the New World burying beetle fauna:
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1948:"A Bit of Good Luck: A New Species of Burying Beetle from the Solomon Islands Archipelago"
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Scott, Michelle
Pellissier (January 1998). "The Ecology and Behavior of Burying Beetles".
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Sikes, Derek S.; Madge, Ronald B. & Newton, Alfred F. (29 August 2002).
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Bartlett, J. (September 1987). "Filial cannibalism in burying beetles".
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although a few undescribed species and synonyms remain to be worked up.
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1980:"A catalog of the Nicrophorinae (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of the world"
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Parental care (and particularly biparental care) is quite rare among
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As of 2006 there are over 60 valid, extant species in the genus
577:(1789) of Fabricius's original name, and is not valid under the
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249:
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Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A.; Condamine, Fabien L. (April 2016).
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2013:"Early origin of parental care in Mesozoic carrion beetles"
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1687:
Canada, Environment and
Climate Change (10 October 2012).
1511:
Canada, Environment and
Climate Change (10 October 2012).
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transforming from larvae to fully formed adult beetles.
534:, are the best-known members of the family Silphidae (
2010:
1711:
1539:
Benowitz, Kyle M.; Moore, Allen J. (December 2016).
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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655:liquid food for the larvae to feed on, a form of
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1977:
2017:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1761:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1831:
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634:continues until the larvae begin to pupate.
1385:Fabricius, 1775 (retrieved 13 January 2020)
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2088:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
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1995:
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1790:
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1622:
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1545:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1364:of Myanmar, around 99 million years old.
715:As of 2020, the American burying beetle (
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1886:
569:in older texts: this was an unjustified
2449:Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius
1594:
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602:Burying beetles have large club-like
2302:e607e973-0e4b-4a3c-97b4-d4923081a17b
1442:
1440:
702:Burying beetles are known to commit
565:The genus name is sometimes spelled
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1889:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1453:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
542:are black with red markings on the
13:
2163:Sexual behavior of burying beetles
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1854:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01326.x
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34:needs additional citations for
2119:Key to the British species of
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1:
1415:10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.595
1367:
584:The American burying beetle (
1646:Muller, J. K. (March 2003).
1595:Smiseth, P. T. (July 2004).
651:: they digest the flesh and
7:
1403:Annual Review of Entomology
1183:Nicrophorus quadripunctatus
1176:Nicrophorus quadrimaculatus
954:(Weigel, 1808) – unverified
841:– (American burying beetle)
507:Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy, 1933
495:Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy, 1933
489:Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy, 1933
471:Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy, 1933
465:Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy, 1933
447:Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy, 1933
441:Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy, 1933
423:Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy, 1933
399:Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy, 1933
10:
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1330:
1169:Nicrophorus quadraticollis
722:
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638:Burying beetle life cycle
367:
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341:
334:
223:Scientific classification
221:
211:American burying beetle (
210:
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125:
1341:Nicrophorus pliozaenicus
1316:Nicrophorus vespilloides
1246:Nicrophorus sepulchralis
1029:Nicrophorus investigator
657:progressive provisioning
2434:Staphyliniformia genera
2038:10.1073/pnas.1412280111
1997:10.11646/zootaxa.65.1.1
1782:10.1073/pnas.2102450118
1665:10.1093/beheco/14.2.212
1295:Nicrophorus ussuriensis
1225:Nicrophorus schawalleri
1197:Nicrophorus reticulatus
1155:Nicrophorus przewalskii
1106:Nicrophorus nigricornis
1057:Nicrophorus maculifrons
1022:Nicrophorus interruptus
590:) has been on the U.S.
1726:10.1006/anbe.1997.0588
1449:Nicrophorus orbicollis
1323:Nicrophorus vestigator
1281:Nicrophorus tomentosus
1190:Nicrophorus reichardti
1162:Nicrophorus pustulatus
1148:Nicrophorus podagricus
1141:Nicrophorus orbicollis
1099:Nicrophorus nepalensis
1085:Nicrophorus montivagus
1078:Nicrophorus mongolicus
1064:Nicrophorus marginatus
987:Nicrophorus hispaniola
959:Nicrophorus germanicus
951:Nicrophorus funerarius
930:Nicrophorus distinctus
846:Nicrophorus antennatus
838:Nicrophorus americanus
631:Nicrophorus nepalensis
587:Nicrophorus americanus
214:Nicrophorus americanus
2401:Paleobiology Database
1624:10.1093/beheco/arh053
1614:10.1093/beheco/arh053
1232:Nicrophorus scrutator
1120:Nicrophorus oberthuri
1071:Nicrophorus mexicanus
1036:Nicrophorus japonicus
1015:Nicrophorus insularis
944:Nicrophorus encaustus
916:Nicrophorus defodiens
888:Nicrophorus chilensis
2297:Fauna Europaea (new)
2151:at Wikimedia Commons
1309:Nicrophorus vespillo
1274:Nicrophorus tenuipes
1267:Nicrophorus smefarka
1260:Nicrophorus sinensis
1253:Nicrophorus sepultor
1239:Nicrophorus semenowi
1127:Nicrophorus obscurus
1043:Nicrophorus kieticus
1008:Nicrophorus insignis
1001:Nicrophorus hybridus
937:Nicrophorus efferens
909:Nicrophorus dauricus
902:Nicrophorus confusus
895:Nicrophorus concolor
874:Nicrophorus carolina
43:improve this article
2029:2014PNAS..11114170C
2023:(39): 14170–14174.
1846:2007Ethol.113..386T
1773:2021PNAS..11802450D
1302:Nicrophorus validus
1288:Nicrophorus trumboi
1204:Nicrophorus satanas
1113:Nicrophorus nigrita
1050:Nicrophorus lunatus
994:Nicrophorus humator
966:Nicrophorus guttula
923:Nicrophorus didymus
867:Nicrophorus basalis
860:Nicrophorus argutor
575:Carl Peter Thunberg
1929:. 5 September 2018
1901:10.1007/bf00303208
1652:Behavioral Ecology
1601:Behavioral Ecology
1500:. 15 October 2020.
1465:10.1007/BF00164899
1211:Nicrophorus sausai
1134:Nicrophorus olidus
980:Nicrophorus heurni
881:Nicrophorus charon
2416:
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2388:Open Tree of Life
2175:Taxon identifiers
2145:Media related to
2101:10.1111/bij.12710
1966:Nicrophorus hebes
1558:10.1111/bij.12830
1092:Nicrophorus morio
973:Nicrophorus hebes
560:care of the brood
538:). Most of these
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132:Cenomanian–Recent
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1551:(4): 1082–1088.
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1218:Nicrophorus sayi
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58:"Burying beetle"
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16:Genus of beetles
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1355:Late Cretaceous
1333:
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853:Nicrophorus apo
825:
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803:N. vespilloides
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536:carrion beetles
519:Burying beetles
512:
505:Stictonecropter
501:Fabricius, 1787
487:Nesonecrophorus
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2137:at Wikispecies
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2113:External links
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608:chemoreceptors
606:equipped with
599:
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523:sexton beetles
514:
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511:
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508:
502:
496:
490:
484:
481:Neonicrophorus
478:
477:Berthold, 1827
472:
466:
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459:Thunberg, 1789
454:
448:
445:Necrophoriscus
442:
439:Necrophorindus
436:
430:
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418:
417:Portevin, 1923
412:
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99:September 2011
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2018:
2014:
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1998:
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1727:
1723:
1720:(1): 97–107.
1719:
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1694:
1693:www.canada.ca
1690:
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1517:www.canada.ca
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1397:
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1362:Burmese amber
1359:
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984:
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948:
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869:
868:
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861:
857:
855:
854:
850:
848:
847:
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839:
835:
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832:
830:
820:
819:N. vestigator
814:
804:
798:
788:
782:
772:
766:
756:
750:
740:
739:N. germanicus
734:
720:
718:
717:N. americanus
708:
705:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
678:that are not
677:
672:
669:
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621:
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568:
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553:
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545:
541:
537:
533:
532:
528:
524:
520:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
493:Nesonecropter
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
453:Illiger, 1798
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
397:Eunecrophorus
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
379:Acanthopsilus
377:
376:
375:
374:
366:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
345:
340:
337:
333:
328:
323:
322:
318:
315:
314:
311:
308:
305:
304:
301:
300:Nicrophorinae
298:
295:
294:
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285:
284:
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268:
265:
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209:
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193:
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163:
158:
153:
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138:
124:
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113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2439:Detritivores
2182:
2155:
2147:
2133:
2120:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2073:
2020:
2016:
2006:
1990:(1): 1–304.
1987:
1983:
1973:
1965:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1931:. Retrieved
1927:The Equation
1926:
1917:
1892:
1888:
1870:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1792:10871/128609
1764:
1760:
1750:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1696:. Retrieved
1692:
1682:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1604:
1600:
1548:
1544:
1520:. Retrieved
1516:
1506:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1406:
1402:
1382:
1376:
1348:
1347:A fossil of
1346:
1339:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
844:
836:
828:
826:
818:
802:
786:
770:
754:
738:
716:
714:
711:Conservation
701:
673:
661:
645:
641:
637:
636:
628:
601:
598:Reproduction
585:
583:
566:
564:
530:
529:
522:
518:
517:
504:
498:
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
462:
456:
450:
444:
438:
432:
426:
421:Necrocleptes
420:
414:
411:Weigel, 1806
408:
403:Nechrocharis
402:
396:
390:
385:Canthopsilus
384:
378:
342:
336:Type species
320:
319:
310:Nicrophorini
212:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2323:iNaturalist
2213:Nicrophorus
2207:Wikispecies
2183:Nicrophorus
2156:Nicrophorus
2148:Nicrophorus
2134:Nicrophorus
2121:Nicrophorus
2082:Nicrophorus
1383:Nicrophorus
829:Nicrophorus
787:N. vespillo
704:infanticide
698:Infanticide
664:bluebottles
653:regurgitate
624:copulations
567:Necrophorus
556:food source
531:Nicrophorus
499:Nigrophorus
483:Hatch, 1946
475:Neirophorus
457:Necrophorus
451:Necrophorus
435:Poole, 1996
433:Necrophagus
429:Leach, 1815
427:Necrophagas
415:Necrocharis
405:Poole, 1996
391:Cyrtoscelis
381:Poole, 1996
321:Nicrophorus
296:Subfamily:
2444:Scavengers
2423:Categories
1933:2023-04-26
1698:2023-04-25
1522:2023-04-25
1368:References
1358:Cenomanian
1350:N. humator
755:N. humator
688:honey bees
592:endangered
571:emendation
469:Necroxenus
409:Necroborus
393:Hope, 1840
280:Coleoptera
260:Arthropoda
69:newspapers
2429:Silphidae
2047:0027-8424
1909:0340-5443
1862:0179-1613
1801:0027-8424
1734:0003-3472
1674:1465-7279
1633:1465-7279
1473:0340-5443
1423:0066-4170
694:insects.
692:subsocial
620:pheromone
463:Necropter
327:Fabricius
290:Silphidae
246:Kingdom:
240:Eukaryota
2245:BugGuide
2221:BioLib:
2192:Wikidata
2065:25225362
1834:Ethology
1819:34819363
1577:28025585
1431:15012399
680:eusocial
604:antennae
362:Synonyms
350:Linnaeus
286:Family:
256:Phylum:
250:Animalia
236:Domain:
2341:1018288
2315:1038957
2198:Q589455
2158:Central
2056:4191754
2025:Bibcode
1984:Zootaxa
1842:Bibcode
1810:8640939
1769:Bibcode
1742:9480676
1568:5181846
1481:4600477
1331:Fossils
723:Species
676:insects
649:begging
552:rodents
540:beetles
316:Genus:
306:Tribe:
276:Order:
270:Insecta
266:Class:
83:scholar
2406:292515
2393:533749
2354:113821
2289:186318
2063:
2053:
2045:
1907:
1860:
1817:
1807:
1799:
1767:(48).
1740:
1732:
1672:
1631:
1575:
1565:
1479:
1471:
1429:
1421:
1381:GBIF:
682:(e.g.
544:elytra
329:, 1775
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2380:57515
2336:IRMNG
2328:53850
2276:92217
2263:8VRWH
2237:75096
1477:JSTOR
1360:aged
616:mouse
614:or a
554:as a
548:birds
527:genus
90:JSTOR
76:books
2375:NCBI
2349:ITIS
2310:GBIF
2250:4954
2232:BOLD
2224:5352
2061:PMID
2043:ISSN
1905:ISSN
1858:ISSN
1815:PMID
1797:ISSN
1738:PMID
1730:ISSN
1670:ISSN
1629:ISSN
1573:PMID
1469:ISSN
1427:PMID
1419:ISSN
686:and
684:ants
668:ants
666:and
612:bird
579:ICZN
550:and
371:List
354:1758
137:PreꞒ
62:news
2362:NBN
2271:EoL
2258:CoL
2096:doi
2092:117
2051:PMC
2033:doi
2021:111
1992:doi
1897:doi
1850:doi
1838:113
1805:PMC
1787:hdl
1777:doi
1765:118
1722:doi
1660:doi
1619:hdl
1609:doi
1563:PMC
1553:doi
1549:119
1461:doi
1451:".
1411:doi
573:by
521:or
45:by
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2041:.
2031:.
2019:.
2015:.
1988:65
1986:.
1982:.
1950:.
1925:.
1903:.
1893:21
1891:.
1879:^
1856:.
1848:.
1836:.
1813:.
1803:.
1795:.
1785:.
1775:.
1763:.
1759:.
1736:.
1728:.
1718:55
1716:.
1691:.
1668:.
1656:14
1654:.
1650:.
1627:.
1617:.
1605:15
1603:.
1599:.
1585:^
1571:.
1561:.
1547:.
1543:.
1531:^
1515:.
1489:^
1475:.
1467:.
1457:27
1455:.
1439:^
1425:.
1417:.
1407:43
1405:.
1391:^
581:.
562:.
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187:Pg
2104:.
2098::
2067:.
2035::
2027::
2000:.
1994::
1936:.
1911:.
1899::
1864:.
1852::
1844::
1821:.
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1676:.
1662::
1635:.
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1611::
1579:.
1555::
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1483:.
1463::
1433:.
1413::
1337:†
192:N
182:K
177:J
172:T
167:P
162:C
157:D
152:S
147:O
142:Ꞓ
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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