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4554:, but their backgrounds were checked by higher-ranked samurai. In many cases, taking a concubine was akin to a marriage. Kidnapping a concubine, although common in fiction, would have been shameful, if not criminal. If the concubine was a commoner, a messenger was sent with betrothal money or a note for exemption of tax to ask for her parents' acceptance. Even though the woman would not be a legal wife, a situation normally considered a demotion, many wealthy merchants believed that being the concubine of a samurai was superior to being the legal wife of a commoner. When a merchant's daughter married a samurai, her family's money erased the samurai's debts, and the samurai's social status improved the standing of the merchant family. If a samurai's commoner concubine gave birth to a son, the son could inherit his father's social status.
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3264:, it came to cover all of society, and although the shogunate sometimes invited monks as advisors, the nobility was excluded from the government. As a result, samurai began to assume all civilian roles, and from the Edo period onward, samurai shifted their activities from military to political administration. In addition, those who were newly promoted to the shogunate or domain in recognition of talents unrelated to martial arts, such as literature and scholarship, were also given the status of samurai. It can be said that the difference between a samurai and a military officer appears in such a place. In the Edo period, samurai equivalent to civil servants and administrative officers were called "officials". Samurai were given an honorific title and were called "Obuke-sama".
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4470:, much the largest and most famous in all Japan, and at a great distance from Meaco. Bandou is a large territory, ruled by six minor princes, one of whom is more powerful than the others and is obeyed by them, being himself subject to the King of Japan, who is called the Great King of Meaco. The things that are given out as to the greatness and celebrity of these universities and cities are so wonderful as to make us think of seeing them first with our own eyes and ascertaining the truth, and then when we have discovered and know how things really are, of writing an account of them to you. They say that there are several lesser academies besides those which we have mentioned.
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4754:, wife of Yamauchi Kazutoyo, has long been considered the ideal samurai wife. According to legend, she made her kimono out of a quilted patchwork of bits of old cloth and saved pennies to buy her husband a magnificent horse, on which he rode to many victories. The fact that Chiyo (though she is better known as "Wife of Yamauchi Kazutoyo") is held in such high esteem for her economic sense is illuminating in the light of the fact that she never produced an heir and the Yamauchi clan was succeeded by Kazutoyo's younger brother. The source of power for women may have been that samurai left their finances to their wives. Several women ascended the
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2845:, who founded the Tokugawa shogunate, were loyal followers of Nobunaga. Hideyoshi began as a peasant and became one of Nobunaga's top generals, and Ieyasu had shared his childhood with Nobunaga. Hideyoshi defeated Mitsuhide within a month and was regarded as the rightful successor of Nobunaga by avenging the treachery of Mitsuhide. These two were able to use Nobunaga's previous achievements on which build a unified Japan and there was a saying: "The reunification is a rice cake; Oda made it. Hashiba shaped it. In the end, only Ieyasu tastes it." (Hashiba is the family name that Toyotomi Hideyoshi used while he was a follower of Nobunaga.)
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4119:(India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled "Yajiro"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decision to go to Japan in part because this low-ranking samurai convinced him in Portuguese that the Japanese people were highly educated and eager to learn. They were hard workers and respectful of authority. In their laws and customs they were led by reason, and, should the Christian faith convince them of its truth, they would accept it en masse.
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2784:, where Hideyoshi lived after his retirement, was located in Momoyama. There are several theories as to when the Azuchi–Momoyama period began: 1568, when Oda Nobunaga entered Kyoto in support of Ashikaga Yoshiaki; 1573, when Oda Nobunaga expelled Ashikaga Yoshiaki from Kyoto; and 1576, when the construction of Azuchi Castle began. In any case, the beginning of the Azuchii–Momoyama period marked the complete end of the rule of the Ashikaga shogunate, which had been disrupted by the Onin War; in other words, it marked the end of the Muromachi period.
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1862:(1185–1333) saw the rise of the samurai under shogun rule as they were "entrusted with the security of the estates" and were symbols of the ideal warrior and citizen. Originally, the emperor and non-warrior nobility employed these warrior nobles. In time they amassed enough manpower, resources and political backing, in the form of alliances with one another, to establish the first samurai-dominated government. As the power of these regional clans grew, their chief was typically a distant relative of the emperor and a lesser member of either the
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1690:, the highest position of the aristocratic class, and the Taira clan monopolized important positions at the Imperial Court and wielded power. The victor, Taira no Kiyomori, became an imperial advisor and was the first warrior to attain such a position. He eventually seized control of the central government, establishing the first samurai-dominated government and relegating the emperor to figurehead status. The clan had its women marry emperors and exercise control through the emperor.
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chief colleges of students, and more than two hundred monasteries of bonzes, and of others who are like coenobites, called
Legioxi, as well as of women of the same kind, who are called Hamacutis. Besides this of Meaco, there are in Japan five other principal academies, at Coya, at Negu, at Fisso, and at Homia. These are situated round Meaco, with short distances between them, and each is frequented by about three thousand five hundred scholars. Besides these there is the Academy at
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3784:: "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than the Japanese, for they will not put up with a single insult or even a word spoken in anger." Xavier spent 1549 to 1551 converting Japanese to Christianity. He also observed: "The Japanese are much braver and more warlike than the people of China, Korea,
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5814:). Samurai were usually loyal to their immediate superiors, who in turn allied themselves with higher lords. These loyalties to the higher lords often shifted; for example, the high lords allied under Toyotomi Hideyoshi were served by loyal samurai, but the feudal lords under them could shift their support to Tokugawa, taking their samurai with them. There were, however, also notable instances where samurai would be disloyal to their lord (
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3913:(1428–1481) wrote: "In the fief of the Asakura, one should not determine hereditary chief retainers. A man should be assigned according to his ability and loyalty." Asakura also observed that the successes of his father were obtained by the kind treatment of the warriors and common people living in domain. By his civility, "all were willing to sacrifice their lives for him and become his allies".
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main events: the Hagi Daimyō Procession and the Hagi Jidai Parade. The Hagi Daimyō Procession begins in the morning at the Hagi Castle town area with a procession of samurai, servants, and palanquin bearers marching and performing traditional dances. In the afternoon, the Hagi Jidai Parade occurs, starting in the
Central Park and go around the town until they reach the Kanaya Tenmangu Shrine.
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parents or in-laws that may be living under her roof. Confucian law, which helped define personal relationships and the code of ethics of the warrior class, required that a woman show subservience to her husband, filial piety to her parents, and care to the children. Too much love and affection was also said to indulge and spoil the youngsters. Thus, a woman was also to exercise discipline.
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attractiveness. Though many of the texts written for women during the
Tokugawa period only pertained to how a woman could become a successful wife and household manager, there were those that undertook the challenge of learning to read, and also tackled philosophical and literary classics. Nearly all women of the samurai class were literate by the end of the Tokugawa period.
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could divorce for personal reasons, even if he simply did not like his wife, but this was generally avoided as it would embarrass the person who had arranged the marriage. A woman could also arrange a divorce, although it would generally take the form of the samurai divorcing her. After a divorce, samurai had to return the betrothal money, which often prevented divorces.
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wonderfully desirous of honour and rank. Honour with them is placed above everything else. There are a great many poor among them, but poverty is not a disgrace to any one. There is one thing among them of which I hardly know whether it is practised anywhere among
Christians. The nobles, however poor they may be, receive the same honour from the rest as if they were rich.
4393:. Recent studies have shown that literacy in kanji among other groups in society was somewhat higher than previously understood. For example, court documents, birth and death records and marriage records from the Kamakura period, submitted by farmers, were prepared in Kanji. Both the kanji literacy rate and skills in math improved toward the end of Kamakura period.
5445:(一 騎 討 ち) was developed, where great rivals on both sides faced each other. After these individual combats, the major combats were given way, usually sending infantry troops led by samurai on horseback. At the beginning of the samurai battles, it was an honor to be the first to enter battle. This changed in the Sengoku period with the introduction of the arquebus.
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not the heads of their household. This does not mean that women in the samurai class were always powerless. Powerful women both wisely and unwisely wielded power at various occasions. Throughout history, several women of the samurai class have acquired political power and influence, even though they have not received these privileges
4685:. These women married members of enemy clans of their families to form a diplomatic relationship. These alliances were stages for many intrigues, wars and tragedies throughout Japanese history. A woman could divorce her husband if he did not treat her well and also if he was a traitor to his wife's family. A famous case was that of
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surely meet death. When you leave the house determined not to see it again you will come home safely; when you have any thought of returning you will not return. You may not be in the wrong to think that the world is always subject to change, but the warrior must not entertain this way of thinking, for his fate is always determined.
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1597, Korean and Ming forces proved far more resilient and with the support of continued Korean naval superiority, managed to limit
Japanese gains to parts of southeastern Korea. The final death blow to the Japanese campaigns in Korea came with Hideyoshi's death in late 1598 and the recall of all Japanese forces in Korea by the
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3730:, the older ones represented an obsolete feudal institution that had a practical monopoly of military force, and to a large extent of education as well. A priority of the Meiji government was to gradually abolish the entire class of samurai and integrate them into the Japanese professional, military and business classes.
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invest in land and industry. A military force capable of contesting not just China but the imperial powers required a large conscript army that closely followed
Western standards. The notion of very strict obedience to chain of command was incompatible with the individual authority of the samurai. Samurai now became
2963:, harassed Japanese supply lines continuously throughout the wars, resulting in supply shortages on land), the commitment of sizable Ming forces to Korea, Korean guerrilla actions, wavering Japanese commitment to the campaigns as the wars dragged on, and the underestimation of resistance by Japanese commanders.
6024:. Samurai-like characters are not just restricted to historical settings, and a number of works set in the modern age, and even the future, include characters who live, train and fight like samurai. Some of these works have made their way to the west, where it has been increasing in popularity with America.
3608:'s massive U.S. Navy steamships in 1853. Perry used his superior firepower to force Japan to open its borders to trade. Prior to that only a few harbor towns, under strict control from the shogunate, were allowed to participate in Western trade, and even then, it was based largely on the idea of playing the
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This festival reenacts the entrance of Daimyō Horio
Yoshiharu and his troops into a newly built Matsue during the Edo Period. The event is held on the first Saturday of April. The event is made up of performers marching in a warrior parade at the Shirakata Tenmangu Shrine dressed in samurai armor and
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as a way for the people of Hagi to show their appreciation to the God of Kanaya
Tenmangu Shrine. The festival has over 200 people dress up in traditional samurai armor and the clothes of various people of the daimyō's court as they walk down the streets of the town. The festival is separated into two
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During
Toyotomi Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea, the number of severed heads of the enemies to be sent to Japan was such that for logistical reasons only the noses were sent. These were covered with salt and shipped in wooden barrels. These barrels were buried in a burial mound near the "Great Buddha"
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According to my experience, there is nothing more advantageous when it comes to crushing the enemy than a night attack . If we set fire to three of the sides and close the passage through the room, those who flee from the flames will be shot down by arrows, and those who seek to escape from them will
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Those who are reluctant to give up their lives and embrace death are not true warriors ... Go to the battlefield firmly confident of victory, and you will come home with no wounds whatever. Engage in combat fully determined to die and you will be alive; wish to survive in the battle and you will
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while his lord advanced to the east. Torii and
Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible. In an act of loyalty to his lord, Torii chose to remain behind, pledging that he and his men would fight to the finish. As was custom, Torii vowed that he would not be taken alive. In a dramatic last
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One who was born in the house of a warrior, regardless of his rank or class, first acquaints himself with a man of military feats and achievements in loyalty ... Everyone knows that if a man doesn't hold filial piety toward his own parents he would also neglect his duties toward his lord. Such a
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In matters both great and small, one should not turn his back on his master's commands ... One should not ask for gifts or enfiefments from the master ... No matter how unreasonably the master may treat a man, he should not feel disgruntled ... An underling does not pass judgments on a
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In the 1870s, samurai comprised five percent of the population, or 400,000 families with about 1.9 million members. They came under direct national jurisdiction in 1869, and of all the classes during the Meiji revolution they were the most affected. Although many lesser samurai had been active in the
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The distinction between samurai and non-samurai was so obscure that during the 16th century, most male adults in any social class (even small farmers) belonged to at least one military organization of their own and served in wars before and during Hideyoshi's rule. It can be said that an "all against
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ideas imported from China between the seventh and ninth centuries. These independent vassals who held land were subordinate to their superiors, who may be local lords or, in the Edo period, the shogun. A vassal or samurai could expect monetary benefits, including land or money, from lords in exchange
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were people who fought with weapons for a living. In the Heian period, on the other hand, the definition of samurai referred to officials who served the emperor, the imperial family, and the nobles of the imperial court, the upper echelons of society. They were responsible for assisting the nobles in
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As the Tokugawa period progressed more value became placed on education, and the education of females beginning at a young age became important to families and society as a whole. Marriage criteria began to weigh intelligence and education as desirable attributes in a wife, right along with physical
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The number of men who actually achieved the ideal and lived their lives by it was high. An early term for warrior, "uruwashii", was written with a kanji that combined the characters for literary study ("bun" 文) and military arts ("bu" 武), and is mentioned in the Heike Monogatari (late 12th century).
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wrote a letter of admonishment to his brother stressing the importance of duty to one's master. Imagawa was admired for his balance of military and administrative skills during his lifetime, and his writings became widespread. The letters became central to Tokugawa-era laws and became required study
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In the first place, the nation with which we have had to do here surpasses in goodness any of the nations lately discovered. I really think that among barbarous nations there can be none that has more natural goodness than the Japanese. They are of a kindly disposition, not at all given to cheating,
3733:
Their traditional guaranteed salaries were very expensive, and in 1873 the government started taxing the stipends and began to transform them into interest-bearing government bonds; the process was completed in 1879. The main goal was to provide enough financial liquidity to enable former samurai to
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Social mobility was high, as the ancient regime collapsed and emerging samurai needed to maintain a large military and administrative organizations in their areas of influence. Most of the samurai families that survived to the 19th century originated in this era, declaring themselves to be the blood
2055:
In 1281, a Yuan army of 140,000 men with 5,000 ships was mustered for another invasion of Japan. Northern Kyūshū was defended by a Japanese army of 40,000 men. The Mongol army was still on its ships preparing for the landing operation when a typhoon hit north Kyūshū island. The casualties and damage
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referred to anyone who served the emperor, the imperial family, or the imperial court nobility, even in a non-military capacity. It was not until the 17th century that the term gradually became a title for military servants of warrior families, so that, according to Michael Wert, "a warrior of elite
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era in 1926 at Kasugayama Shrine. The festival holds various events such as the Signal Fire, the Butei Ceremony, and the Shutsujin Parade. Additionally, the battle of Kawanakajima is reenacted as a part of this festival. Throughout the festival people in samurai armor participate in each event. One
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channel. The series was produced for American viewers which "embodies the trend... comparing hip-hop artists to samurai warriors, an image some rappers claim for themselves". The story line keeps in tone with the perception of a samurai finding vengeance against someone who has wronged him. Because
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A samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event. A wife's failure to produce a son was cause for divorce, but adoption of a male heir was considered an acceptable alternative to divorce. A samurai
4447:
The Nobles send their sons to monasteries to be educated as soon as they are 8 years old, and they remain there until they are 19 or 20, learning reading, writing and religion; as soon as they come out, they marry and apply themselves to politics. They are discreet, magnanimous and lovers of virtue
3996:
It is not the Way of the Warrior to be shamed and avoid death even under circumstances that are not particularly important. It goes without saying that to sacrifice one's life for the sake of his master is an unchanging principle. That I should be able to go ahead of all the other warriors of this
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during the invasion of Korea. In a handbook he addressed to "all samurai, regardless of rank", he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to "grasp the long and the short swords and to die". He also ordered his followers to put forth great effort in studying the military classics,
3753:
Younger samurai often became exchange students because they were ambitious, literate and well-educated. On return, some started private schools for higher education, while many samurai became reporters and writers and set up newspaper companies. Others entered governmental service. In the 1880s, 23
2818:
Oda Nobunaga made innovations in the fields of organization and war tactics, made heavy use of arquebuses, developed commerce and industry, and treasured innovation. Consecutive victories enabled him to realize the termination of the Ashikaga Bakufu and the disarmament of the military powers of the
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of the Kamakura shogun, responded by having the Mongolian diplomats brought to Kamakura and then beheading them. The graves of the five executed Mongol emissaries exist to this day in Kamakura at Tatsunokuchi. On 29 July 1279, five more emissaries were sent by the Mongol empire, and again beheaded,
1999:
in China sent a force of some 40,000 men and 900 ships to invade Japan in northern Kyūshū. Japan mustered a mere 10,000 samurai to meet this threat. The invading army was harassed by major thunderstorms throughout the invasion, which aided the defenders by inflicting heavy casualties. The Yuan army
1756:
expelled the Taira clan from Kyoto, and although initially welcomed by the hermit Emperor Go-Shirakawa, he became estranged and isolated due to the disorderly military discipline and lack of political power under his command. He staged a coup, overthrew the emperor's entourage, and became the first
1368:
who oversaw the province of Hitachi, and Fujiwara no Korechika demanded that Masakado hand over Fujiwara no Haruaki. Masakado refused, and war broke out between Masakado and Fujiwara no Korechika, with Masakado becoming an enemy of the imperial court. Masakado proclaimed that the Kanto region under
4712:
Though women of wealthier samurai families enjoyed perks of their elevated position in society, such as avoiding the physical labor that those of lower classes often engaged in, they were still viewed as far beneath men. Women were prohibited from engaging in any political affairs and were usually
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There are two kinds of writing in Japan, one used by men and the other by women; and for the most part both men and women, especially of the nobility and the commercial class, have a literary education. The bonzes, or bonzesses, in their monasteries teach letters to the girls and boys, though rich
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served as models for the educated warriors of later generations, and the ideals depicted by them were not assumed to be beyond reach. Rather, these ideals were vigorously pursued in the upper echelons of warrior society and recommended as the proper form of the Japanese man of arms. With the Heike
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In the first campaign of 1592, Korean defenses on land were caught unprepared, under-trained, and under-armed. They were rapidly overrun, with only a limited number of successfully resistant engagements against the more experienced and battle-hardened Japanese forces. During the second campaign in
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who became a grand minister in 1586, created a law that non-samurai were not allowed to carry weapons, which the samurai caste codified as permanent and hereditary, thereby ending the social mobility of Japan, which lasted until the dissolution of the Edo shogunate by the Meiji
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will return, and then with the good help of God we shall sail thither. The distance from Cagoxima is three hundred leagues. We hear wonderful stories about the size of Meaco: they say that it consists of more than ninety thousand dwellings. There is a very famous University there, as well as five
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The Taihō Code classified most of the Imperial bureaucrats into 12 ranks, each divided into two sub-ranks, 1st rank being the highest adviser to the emperor. Those of 6th rank and below were referred to as "samurai" and dealt with day-to-day affairs and were initially civilian public servants, in
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Traits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants as well), and caring for elderly
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Samurai had arranged marriages, which were arranged by a go-between of the same or higher rank. While for those samurai in the upper ranks this was a necessity (as most had few opportunities to meet women), this was a formality for lower-ranked samurai. Most samurai married women from a samurai
4001:
It is said that both men cried when they parted ways, because they knew they would never see each other again. Torii's father and grandfather had served the Tokugawa before him, and his own brother had already been killed in battle. Torii's actions changed the course of Japanese history. Ieyasu
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especially those related to loyalty and filial piety. He is best known for his quote: "If a man does not investigate into the matter of Bushido daily, it will be difficult for him to die a brave and manly death. Thus it is essential to engrave this business of the warrior into one's mind well."
3848:
It is a matter of regret to let the moment when one should die pass by ... First, a man whose profession is the use of arms should think and then act upon not only his own fame, but also that of his descendants. He should not scandalize his name forever by holding his one and only life too
4415:
There were to Lord Eirin's character many high points difficult to measure, but according to the elders the foremost of these was the way he governed the province by his civility. It goes without saying that he acted this way toward those in the samurai class, but he was also polite in writing
3878:
First of all, a samurai who dislikes battle and has not put his heart in the right place even though he has been born in the house of the warrior, should not be reckoned among one's retainers ... It is forbidden to forget the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors and
2526:
During this period, the traditional master-servant relationship between the lord and his vassals broke down, with the vassals eliminating the lord, internal clan and vassal conflicts over leadership of the lord's family, and frequent rebellion and puppetry by branch families against the lord's
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and rebirth led samurai to abandon torture and needless killing, while some samurai even gave up violence altogether and became Buddhist monks after coming to believe that their killings were fruitless. Some were killed as they came to terms with these conclusions in the battlefield. The most
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in 1615, the long war period ended. During the Tokugawa shogunate, samurai increasingly became courtiers, bureaucrats, and administrators rather than warriors. With no warfare since the early 17th century, samurai gradually lost their military function during the Tokugawa era (also called the
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and imbued with Japanese cultural values and stories. Other festivals in Japan are held where people celebrate historical heroes or commemorate historical events through parades with people dressed as samurai. Some examples of these festivals include the Hagi Jidai Festival, Matsue Warrior
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in 1276. Completed in 1277, this wall stretched for 20 kilometers around the border of the bay. It would later serve as a strong defensive point against the Mongols. The Mongols attempted to settle matters in a diplomatic way from 1275 to 1279, but every envoy sent to Japan was executed.
4102:
According to Robert Sharf, "The notion that Zen is somehow related to Japanese culture in general, and bushidō in particular, is familiar to Western students of Zen through the writings of D. T. Suzuki, no doubt the single most important figure in the spread of Zen in the West."
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In the middle of the contest, some samurai decided to get off the horse and seek to cut off the head of a worthy rival. This act was considered an honor. Through it they gained respect among the military class. After the battle, the high-ranking samurai normally celebrated with a
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Buddhist monks, which had inflamed futile struggles among the populace for centuries. Attacking from the "sanctuary" of Buddhist temples, they were constant headaches to any warlord and even the emperor who tried to control their actions. He died in 1582 when one of his generals,
4705:, who was Tokuhime's husband, because Nobuyasu was close to his mother Lady Tsukiyama. To assuage his ally Nobunaga, Ieyasu had Lady Tsukiyama executed in 1579 and that same year ordered his son to commit seppuku to prevent him from seeking revenge for the death of his mother.
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thereby make light of the virtues of loyalty and filial piety ... It is forbidden that one should ... attach little importance to his duties to his master ... There is a primary need to distinguish loyalty from disloyalty and to establish rewards and punishments.
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became common, in contrast to the division of succession designated by law before the 14th century. Invasions of neighboring samurai territories became common to avoid infighting, and bickering among samurai was a constant problem for the Kamakura and Ashikaga shogunates.
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all" situation continued for a century. The authorized samurai families after the 17th century were those that chose to follow Nobunaga, Hideyoshi and Ieyasu. Large battles occurred during the change between regimes, and a number of defeated samurai were destroyed, went
3058:, reached the age of 16. However, having only the young Hideyori as Hideyoshi's successor weakened the Toyotomi regime. Today, the loss of all of Hideyoshi's adult heirs is considered the main reason for the downfall of the Toyotomi clan. Hideyoshi's younger brother,
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4678:(lit. the skill of the knife), which they could use to protect their household, family, and honor if the need arose. There were women who actively engaged in battles alongside male samurai in Japan, although most of these female warriors were not formal samurai.
4126:
from China during the 7th to 9th centuries and in response to their perceived need to deal with the imperial court, who had a monopoly on culture and literacy for most of the Heian period. As a result, they aspired to the more cultured abilities of the nobility.
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who fought alongside Kato Kiyomasa in Korea. He stated that it was shameful for any man to have not risked his life at least once in the line of duty, regardless of his rank. Nabeshima's sayings were passed down to his son and grandson and became the basis for
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various clothing of the Edo period. Visitors are also have the opportunity to rent costumes and march in the parade, or to take pictures with the performers in the parade. Other events also take place throughout the day to celebrate the founding of the city.
4461:. We put into that port because the wind was adverse to our sailing to Meaco, which is the largest city in Japan, and most famous as the residence of the King and the Princes. It is said that after four months are passed the favourable season for a voyage to
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In spite of the superiority of Japanese land forces, the two expeditions ultimately failed after Hideyoshi's death, though the invasions did devastate the Korean peninsula. The causes of the failure included Korean naval superiority (which, led by Admiral
3541:. In the town of Coria del Rio in Spain, where the diplomatic mission stopped, there are 600 people with the surnames Japon or Xapon as of 2021, and they have passed on the folk tale that they are the descendants of the samurai who remained in the town.
1298:. To amass wealth and repay their debts, magistrates often imposed heavy taxes, resulting in many farmers becoming landless. Through protective agreements and political marriages, the aristocrats accumulated political power, eventually surpassing the
1305:
Some clans were originally formed by farmers who had taken up arms to protect themselves from the imperial magistrates sent to govern their lands and collect taxes. These clans formed alliances to protect themselves against more powerful clans.
4400:, or "warrior library", a personal library that held texts on strategy, the science of warfare, and other documents that would have proved useful during the warring era of feudal Japan. One such library held 20,000 volumes. The upper class had
4452:
In a letter dated 11 November 1549, Xavier described a multi-tiered educational system in Japan consisting of "universities", "colleges", "academies" and hundreds of monasteries that served as a principal center for learning by the populace:
3239:, which were required reading for the educated samurai class. The leading figures who introduced Confucianism in Japan in the early Tokugawa period were Fujiwara Seika (1561–1619), Hayashi Razan (1583–1657), and Matsunaga Sekigo (1592–1657).
1828:, and was allowed to organize soldiers and police, and to collect a certain amount of tax. Initially, their responsibility was restricted to arresting rebels and collecting needed army provisions and they were forbidden from interfering with
4660:(meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, care for the children, and perhaps even defend the home forcibly. For this reason, many women of the samurai class were trained in wielding a polearm called a
1293:
Ultimately, Emperor Kanmu disbanded his army. From this time, the emperor's power gradually declined. While the emperor was still the ruler, powerful clans around Kyoto assumed positions as ministers, and their relatives bought positions as
258:
In the 1870s, samurai families comprised 5% of the population. As modern militaries emerged in the 19th century, the samurai were rendered increasingly obsolete and very expensive to maintain compared to the average conscript soldier. The
4830:
5699:. It was used to neutralize the "crane wings" and "arrowhead" attack and its purpose was for the vanguard to absorb the first attack and allow time for the enemy to reveal his next move to which the second company could react in time.
2601:, which is believed to be the place where it was first introduced to Japan. By the end of the Sengoku Period, there were hundreds of thousands of arquebuses in Japan and a large army of nearly 100,000 men clashing with each other.
3849:
dear ... One's main purpose in throwing away his life is to do so either for the sake of the Emperor or in some great undertaking of a military general. It is that exactly that will be the great fame of one's descendants.
2734:
By the end of the Sengoku period, allegiances between warrior vassals, also known as military retainers, and lords were solidified. Vassals would serve lords in exchange for material and intangible advantages, in keeping with
1711:
5782:, which allowed a disgraced samurai to regain his honor by passing into death, where samurai were still beholden to social rules. While there are many romanticized characterizations of samurai behavior such as the writing of
1940:
4655:
Maintaining the household was the main duty of women of the samurai class. This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles. The wife, or
2280:(bows) from horseback, and close combat was a secondary battle. From the Nanboku-chō period to the Muromachi period, large groups of infantrymen became more active in battle, close combat became more important, and the
5994:, are popular among readers for their epic narratives and rich realism in depicting samurai and warrior culture. The samurai have also appeared frequently in Japanese comics (manga) and animation (anime). Examples are
2387:(feudal lords) from different regions fought each other. This period corresponds to the late Muromachi period. There are about nine theories about the end of the Sengoku Period, the earliest being the year 1568, when
5138:
were produced on a large scale by Japanese gunsmiths, enabling warlords to raise and train armies from masses of peasants. The new weapons were highly effective; their ease of use and deadly effectiveness led to the
1286:, it was a temporary title and was not imbued with political power until the 13th century. At this time (the 7th to 9th centuries), officials considered them to be merely a military section under the control of the
6027:
In the 21st century, samurai have become more popular in America. Through various media, producers and writers have been capitalizing on the notion that Americans admire the samurai lifestyle. The animated series,
2131:. As a result, the southern court, descended from Emperor Godaigo, and the northern court, descended from Emperor Kogon, were established side by side. This period of coexistence of the two dynasties is called the
2062:
4032:(1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the "way of the warrior as death". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as:
381:
their daily duties, guarding the nobles, guarding the court, arresting bandits, and suppressing civil wars, much like secretaries, butlers, and police officers today. Samurai in this period referred to the Fifth
4138:) demonstrate that warriors idealized the arts and aspired to become skilled in them. Tadanori was famous for his skill with the pen and the sword or the "bun and the bu", the harmony of fighting and learning.
3383:
5448:
At the beginning of the use of firearms, the combat methodology was as follows: at the beginning an exchange of arquebus shots was made at a distance of approximately 100 meters; when the time was right, the
4363:(1304–1358). Musō, as well as other monks, served as a political and cultural diplomat between Japan and China. Musō was particularly well known for his garden design. Another Ashikaga patron of the arts was
201:
1185 to 1333. They became the ruling political class, with significant power but also significant responsibility. During the 13th century, the samurai proved themselves as adept warriors against the invading
7956:
After protracted and unsuccessful peace talks, Hideyoshi launched a second, much less successful invasion in 1597 CE, and when the warlord died the next year, the Japanese forces withdrew from the peninsula.
3423:
In the late 1500s, trade between Japan and Southeast Asia accelerated and increased exponentially when the Tokugawa shogunate was established in the early 1600s. The destinations of the trading ships, the
1104:, was quite wide. During the Edo Period, samurai represented a hereditary social class defined by the right to bear arms and to hold public office, as well as high social status. From the mid-Edo period,
3992:
stand, the garrison of 2,000 men held out against overwhelming odds for ten days against the massive army of Ishida Mitsunari's 40,000 warriors. In a moving last statement to his son Tadamasa, he wrote:
3536:
in Rome. He returned to Japan in 1620, but news of the Tokugawa shogunate's suppression of Christianity had already reached Europe, and trade did not take place due to the Tokugawa shogunate's policy of
5219:
became a common part of the samurai's armory by the 1570s. They often were mounted in castles or on ships, being used more as anti-personnel weapons than against castle walls or the like, though in the
4416:
letters to the farmers and townspeople, and even in addressing these letters he was gracious beyond normal practice. In this way, all were willing to sacrifice their lives for him and become his allies.
6180:. There are more than 100,000 visitors per festival. Usually a famous Japanese celebrity plays the part of Takeda Shingen. Ordinary people can participate too after applying. It is one of the biggest
5670:
Recurrent formation with the purpose of surrounding the enemy. The archers and arcabuceros diminished the enemy troops before the melee attack of the samurai while the second company surrounded them.
3260:
The conduct of samurai served as role model behavior for the other social classes. With time on their hands, samurai spent more time in pursuit of other interests such as becoming scholars. After the
10491:
2585:, who were mobilized from the peasantry, were mobilized in even greater numbers than before, and the importance of the infantry, which had begun in the Nanboku-chō period, increased even more. When
5529:. The reason for blackening the teeth was that white teeth was a sign of distinction, so applying a dye to darken them was a desecration. The heads were carefully arranged on a table for exposure.
3444:. He was originally a palanquin bearer who belonged to the lowest end of the samurai class, but he rose to prominence in the Ayutthaya Kingdom, now in southern Thailand, and became governor of the
3249:
missionaries also hindered attempts to convert Japan's governing elite to Christianity. Pederasty had become deeply institutionalized among the daimyo and samurai, prompting comparisons to ancient
1184:
introduced a law whereby 1 in 3–4 adult males were drafted into the national military. These soldiers were required to supply their own weapons, and in return were exempted from duties and taxes.
5603:
A very flexible formation that allowed the troops to adapt depending on the movements of the opponent. The commander was located at the rear, but near the center to avoid communication problems.
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Hideyoshi needed passage through Korea to get to China. But with Korea refusing his demands, he led a large army of about 160,000 men, landing at the tip of the peninsula then moving northwards.
4845:
5624:
An aggressive formation in which the samurai took advantage of the casualties caused by the shooting of the ashigaru. The signaling elements were close to the major generals of the commander.
5741:
Used when the army was not yet defeated but an orderly withdrawal to the castle was needed. While the rearguard receded, the vanguard could still be organized according to the circumstances.
4349:
was also used as a place for political meetings, as it was suitable for secret talks, and the tea ceremony sometimes brought together samurai and townspeople who did not normally interact.
2811:) and an exceptional example of a samurai of the Sengoku period. He came within a few years of, and laid down the path for his successors to follow, the reunification of Japan under a new
5556:
stalk on his back and would mark the heads of his defeated enemies by putting bamboo leaves in their cut necks or mouths, since he could not carry every head. Thus he gained the nickname
319:: "In Chinese, the character 侍 was originally a verb meaning 'to wait upon', 'accompany persons' in the upper ranks of society, and this is also true of the original term in Japanese,
4701:), she was able to get Lady Tsukiyama arrested on suspicion of communicating with the Takeda clan (then a great enemy of Nobunaga and the Oda clan). Ieyasu also arrested his own son,
4017:, observed examples of warrior emphasis on death in clans other than Yamamoto's: "he (Takeda Shingen) was a strict disciplinarian as a warrior, and there is an exemplary story in the
9610:
5577:
During the Azuchi-Momoyama period and thanks to the introduction of firearms, combat tactics changed dramatically. The military formations adopted had poetic names, among which are:
4070:
defining role that Confucianism played in samurai philosophy was to stress the importance of the lord-retainer relationship—the loyalty that a samurai was required to show his lord.
1855:, near his base of power. "Bakufu" means "tent government", taken from the encampments the soldiers would live in, in accordance with the Bakufu's status as a military government.
1037:
class, or samurai class. Samurai were entitled to an audience with their lord, were allowed to ride horses, and received rice from the land and peasants under their control, while
3746:; this status was abolished in 1947). The right to wear a katana in public was abolished, along with the right to execute commoners who paid them disrespect. In 1877, there was a
1988:
spread among the samurai in the 13th century and helped to shape their standards of conduct, particularly overcoming the fear of death and killing, but among the general populace
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8490:
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spearmen were ordered to advance and finally the samurai would attack, either on foot or on horseback. The army chief would sit in a scissor chair inside a semi-open tent called
4145:, literary arts, military arts, both ways) or "The pen and the sword in accord". By the time of the Edo period, Japan had a higher literacy comparable to that in central Europe.
5106:). A charge, mounted or dismounted, was also more effective when using a spear rather than a sword, as it offered better than even odds against a samurai using a sword. In the
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wrote: "When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master."
2099:
The thunderstorms of 1274 and the typhoon of 1281 helped the samurai defenders of Japan repel the Mongol invaders despite being vastly outnumbered. These winds became known as
10484:
5484:
Most of the battles were not resolved in the ideal manner mentioned above. Most wars were won through surprise attacks, such as night raids, fires, etc. The renowned samurai
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style of armor, which improved the productivity and durability of armor. In the history of Japanese armor, this was the most significant change since the introduction of the
2139:. The Northern Court, supported by the Ashikaga Shogunate, had six emperors, and in 1392 the Imperial Court was reunited by absorbing the Southern Court, although the modern
7002:
3205:
becoming more of a symbolic emblem of power rather than a weapon used in daily life. They still had the legal right to cut down any commoner who did not show proper respect
1920:
was introduced, the simplest style of armor that protected only the front of the torso and the sides of the abdomen. In the late Kamakura period, a new type of armor called
406:
5159:
peasant foot troops—were responsible for a change in military tactics that eventually led to establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate and an end to civil war. Production of
2554:
This period was marked by the loosening of samurai culture, with people born into other social strata sometimes making a name for themselves as warriors and thus becoming
3771:
at Rome, drawn from the statements of Anger (Han-Siro's western name), Xavier describes the importance of honor to the Japanese (Letter preserved at College of Coimbra):
2924:
in the area, whose castles his forces had raided. Shimazu Yoshihiro led some 7,000 samurai into battle, and despite being heavily outnumbered, defeated a host of allied
1662:, or overseers of various regions, and accumulated wealth by taking samurai from various regions as their retainers. In the struggle for the succession of Emperor Toba,
8556:
2000:
was eventually recalled, and the invasion was called off. The Mongol invaders used small bombs, which was likely the first appearance of bombs and gunpowder in Japan.
1180:, the population was required to report regularly for the census, a precursor for national conscription. With an understanding of how the population was distributed,
607:, the traditional master-servant relationship in Japanese society collapsed, and the traditional definition of samurai changed dramatically, becoming synonymous with
10477:
5976:
Most common are historical works where the protagonist is either a samurai or former samurai (or another rank or position) who possesses considerable martial skill.
3454:) was established in 1639, trade between Japan and Southeast Asia ceased, and records of Japanese activities in Southeast Asia were lost for many years after 1688.
7596:
4501:
4497:
7379:
3795:, a term used in the fifteenth century during widespread rebellion, involved provincial lords defying the shogun, who in turn disregarded the emperor's commands.
1478:
The shoguns of Heian period had no real political power, and the imperial court was in charge of politics. From the mid-9th century to the mid-11th century, the
7338:
4041:
Families such as the Imagawa were influential in the development of warrior ethics and were widely quoted by other lords during their lifetime. The writings of
3627:
in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral
8319:
8068:
7128:
3841:
in their natural element, war, eulogizing such virtues as reckless bravery, fierce family pride, and selfless, at times senseless devotion of master and man".
224:
estates, roles they had also filled in the past. During the Edo period, they came to represent a hereditary class. On the other hand, from the mid-Edo period,
3844:
Feudal lords such as Shiba Yoshimasa (1350–1410) stated that a warrior looked forward to a glorious death in the service of a military leader or the emperor:
3066:, who was Hideyoshi's only adult successor, was forced to commit seppuku in 1595 along with many other vassals on Hideyoshi's orders for suspected rebellion.
11970:
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unique event in particular is the reenactment of the battle of Kawanakajima where performers in the samurai armor portray the events with swords and spears.
3514:. The mission returned to Japan in 1590, but were forced to renounce, be exiled, or be executed due to the Tokugawa shogunate's suppression of Christianity.
6845:
4411:(1474–1555 AD) noted the great loyalty given to his father, due to his polite letters, not just to fellow samurai, but also to the farmers and townspeople:
11609:
9833:
7051:
3253:. The Jesuits' strong condemnation of the practice alienated many of Japan's ruling class, creating further barriers to their acceptance of Christianity.
9626:
Denison, Rayna (27 May 2011). "Transcultural creativity in anime: Hybrid identities in the production, distribution, texts and fandom of Japanese anime".
3556:
policy was abolished, six diplomatic missions were sent to the United States and European countries for diplomatic negotiations. The most famous were the
5424:
During the existence of the samurai, two opposite types of organization reigned. The first type were recruits-based armies: at the beginning, during the
5317:
9757:
5944:. Along with film, literature containing samurai influences are seen as well. As well as influence from American Westerns, Kurosawa also adapted two of
5287:
4065:, influenced the samurai culture. Zen meditation became an important teaching because it offered a process to calm one's mind. The Buddhist concept of
3616:
against one another (in exchange for the crucial arquebus technology, which in turn was a major contributor to the downfall of the classical samurai).
3428:, were Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, etc. Many Japanese moved to Southeast Asia and established Japanese towns there. Many samurai, or
1202:
6481:
7159:
2692:, which had become inconvenient for use on the battlefield, was transformed into a symbol of authority carried by high-ranking samurai. Although the
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186:
and imperial court in the late 12th century, they eventually came to play a major political role until their abolition in the late 1870s during the
5519:
Cutting off the head of a worthy rival on the battlefield was a source of great pride and recognition. There was a detailed ritual to beautify the
5329:
4179:
A number of warrior writings document this ideal from the 13th century onward. Most warriors aspired to or followed this ideal to varying degrees.
3390:
10066:
8409:
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5435:
At the beginning of the contest, a series of bulbous-headed arrows were shot, which buzzed in the air. The purpose of these shots was to call the
4776:
4431:
Most of them can read, and this is a great help to them for the easy understanding of our usual prayers and the chief points of our holy religion.
1041:
were not entitled to an audience with their lord, guarded their lord on foot, and received rice from the stores of the shogunate and each domain.
10226:
Benesch, Oleg. "Comparing Warrior Traditions: How the Janissaries and Samurai Maintained Their Status and Privileges During Centuries of Peace."
5167:
were stored away and used mainly for hunting and target practice. Foreign intervention in the 19th century renewed interest in firearms, but the
3997:
country and lay down my life for the sake of my master's benevolence is an honor to my family and has been my most fervent desire for many years.
2589:
were introduced from Portugal in 1543, Japanese swordsmiths immediately began to improve and mass-produce them. The Japanese matchlock was named
1327:, who rose to prominence in the early 10th century, was the first of the local warrior class to revolt against the imperial court. He had served
7971:
2251:
3572:, who participated in these missions, is most famous as a leading figure in the modernization of Japan, and his portrait was selected for the
12923:
5803:
when not used to describe an individual samurai's usage of the word because of how broad and changed the meaning of it has become over time.
5175:
5060:
could also be used from horseback because of its asymmetric shape. The practice of shooting from horseback became a Shinto ceremony known as
3432:, who had lost their masters after the Battle of Sekigahara, lived in the Japanese towns. The Spaniards in the Philippines, the Dutch of the
2235:
1482:
controlled political power. They excluded other clans from the political center and monopolized the highest positions in the court, such as
9618:
5100:
from the battlefield as personal bravery became less of a factor and battles became more organized around massed, inexpensive foot troops (
2889:
In 1592 and again in 1597, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, aiming to invade China through Korea, mobilized an army of 160,000 peasants and samurai and
10067:"[2020 reduction holding] Prince the 95th Kenshin festival | National must-see-japan (Japanese sightseeing promotion association)"
5404:
4496:), in which "Oda" is a clan or family name, "Kazusanosuke" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, "Saburo" is a formal nickname (
1960:
210:, the term was vague and some samurai owned land, and others were retainers or mercenaries. Many served as retainers to lords (including
12698:
12573:
7508:
6913:
6881:
6446:
5224:(1575) a cannon was used to good effect against an enemy siege tower. The first popular cannon in Japan were swivel-breech loaders named
2890:
2882:
2868:
1309:
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in the late Kamakura period allowed them to produce Japanese swords with tougher blades than before, and during the Nanboku-chō period,
12583:
9880:
8487:
8006:
6995:"Aristocratic Control, The Heian Aristocracy, History, Japan, Asia – Taika reforms, clan chieftain, sesshu, shoen, land redistribution"
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to witness the displays of courage that were about to unfold. After a brief exchange of arrows between the two sides, a contest called
4334:
plays was something the samurai of the time could relate to. Owning tea utensils used in the tea ceremony was a matter of prestige for
3690:
provinces defeated the shogunate forces in favor of the rule of the emperor in the Boshin War. The two provinces were the lands of the
12841:
5759:
Most samurai were bound by a code of honor and were expected to set an example for those below them. A notable part of their code is
682:"marks social function and not class", and "all sorts of soldiers, including pikemen, bowmen, musketeers and horsemen were samurai".
10122:
6032:, became well-liked in American popular culture because of its blend of hack-and-slash animation and gritty urban music. Created by
4523:
Samurai were given the privilege of carrying two swords and using 'samurai surnames' to identify themselves from the common people.
4326:
and the practice of tea ceremonies were valued for socializing and exchanging information, and were essential cultural pursuits for
2056:
inflicted by the typhoon, followed by the Japanese defense of the Hakata Bay barrier, resulted in the Mongols again being defeated.
12928:
11739:
7363:
5044:, had an effective range of 50 or 100 meters (160 or 330 feet) if accuracy was not an issue. On foot, it was usually used behind a
3565:
3340:
and held important positions in the shogunate. Some of the peasants' children were promoted to the samurai class by serving in the
2069:
2016:
6994:
5876:) has always been a staple program on Japanese movies and television. The programs typically feature a samurai. Samurai films and
4382:, a samurai, physician and rangaku scholar in late Edo period Japan, noted for establishing an academy which later developed into
12690:
12628:
5232:
weighed 264 lb (120 kg) and used 40 lb (18 kg) chambers, firing a small shot of 10 oz (280 g). The
3654:
3561:
3085:
who had been second in power to Hideyoshi but had not participated in the war, rose to power, and Ieyasu came into conflict with
2143:
considers the Southern Court to be the legitimate emperor. The de facto rule of Japan by the Ashikaga Shogunate lasted until the
5275:
4176:
Wilson then translates the writings of several warriors who mention the Heike Monogatari as an example for their men to follow.
325:. In both countries the terms were nominalized to mean 'those who serve in close attendance to the nobility', the Japanese term
12670:
12001:
11647:
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share a number of similarities, and the two have influenced each other over the years. One of Japan's most renowned directors,
5195:
3062:, who had supported Hideyoshi's rise to power as a leader and strategist, had already died of illness in 1591, and his nephew,
2731:
in the Heian period. In this style, the number of parts was reduced, and instead armor with eccentric designs became popular.
913:, which referred to direct vassals of the shogun, but from the second half of the 17th century a distinction was made between
216:). There was a great increase of the number of men styling themselves samurai, by virtue of bearing arms. During the peaceful
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10195:
Anderson, Patricia E. "Roles of Samurai Women: Social Norms and Inner Conflicts During Japan's Tokugawa Period, 1603–1868".
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Frequently used to deal with much more numerous armies. Its purpose was to attack a single sector to break the enemy ranks.
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2003:
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officials, but their responsibility gradually expanded. Thus, the samurai class became the political ruling power in Japan.
1388:
to kill Masakado. As a result, Masakado was killed in battle in February 940. He is still revered as one of the three great
1049:, were financially impoverished and supported themselves by making bamboo handicrafts and umbrellas and selling plants. The
674:. According to Stephen Morillo, during this period the term refers to "a retainer of a lord - usually ... the retainer of a
12675:
11614:
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4404:, or "family libraries", that held classics, Buddhist sacred texts, and family histories, as well as genealogical records.
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2052:. This continued defiance of the Mongol emperor set the stage for one of the most famous engagements in Japanese history.
1778:
to defeat Yoshinaka, who was killed within a year of becoming shogun. In 1185, the Taira clan was finally defeated in the
12708:
7755:
6851:
5511:
5010:(lit. the skill of the bow) was a major weapon of the Japanese military. Its usage declined with the introduction of the
3961:. He is best known for his saying, "The way of the samurai is in desperateness. Ten men or more cannot kill such a man."
1278:), these clan warriors became the emperor's preferred tool for putting down rebellions; the most well-known of which was
10200:
8988:
8435:
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percent of prominent Japanese businessmen were from the samurai class; by the 1920s the number had grown to 35 percent.
267:. This allowed them to move into professional and entrepreneurial roles. Their memory and weaponry remain prominent in
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8170:
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The Heike Monogatari makes reference to the educated poet-swordsman ideal in its mention of Taira no Tadanori's death:
2103:, which literally translates as "wind of the gods". This is often given a simplified translation as "divine wind". The
9709:
9534:, "The Dawn of the Samurai: Warrior Legends in Japanese History", Asian Pacific Quarterly, Vol 26, No 2 (1994): 38-47.
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Although they had predecessors in earlier military and administrative officers, the samurai truly emerged during the
126:
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6067:. Not only has the samurai culture been adopted into animation and video games, it can also be seen in comic books.
4607:
4424:
observed the ease of which the Japanese understood prayers due to the high level of literacy in Japan at that time:
4021:
relating his execution of two brawlers, not because they had fought, but because they had not fought to the death".
2272:
Until the Mongol invasion in the late Kamakura period, the main battle was fought by small groups of warriors using
1877:
From the Kamakura period onwards, emphasis was put on training samurai from childhood in using "the bow and sword".
1160:
and the victory against the Soga clan, Japan underwent widespread reform. One of the most important was that of the
79:
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together with a smaller sword became the symbol of the samurai, and this combination of swords is referred to as a
3286:
to be adopted into a samurai family and inherit the samurai's position and stipend. The amount of money given to a
2901:, Japanese samurai armies made major gains in most of Korea. A few of the famous samurai generals of this war were
1194:, a verb meaning 'to serve'. Military men, however, would not be referred to as "samurai" for many more centuries.
6803:
4338:
and samurai, and in some cases tea utensils were given in exchange for land as a reward for military service. The
2403:, depending on the theory. In any case, the Sengoku period was a time of large-scale civil wars throughout Japan.
141:
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5432:. The second type of organization was that of a samurai on horseback who fought individually or in small groups.
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1816:
established the superiority of the samurai over the aristocracy. In 1185, Yoritomo obtained the right to appoint
576:
17:
7057:
6096:
There are a variety of festivals held in Japan. Some festivals are seasonal celebrations that were adopted from
4516:
was a private name that could be used by only a very few, including the emperor. Samurai could choose their own
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As aristocrats for centuries, samurai developed their own cultures that influenced Japanese culture as a whole.
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From 1346 to 1358 during the Nanboku-cho period, the Ashikaga shogunate gradually expanded the authority of the
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5523:: first they were washed and combed, and once this was done, the teeth were blackened by applying a dye called
5481:, and the victorious general reviewed the heads of the most important members of the enemy which had been cut.
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from his father or grandfather and one new kanji. Samurai normally used only a small part of their total name.
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permeated the culture of samurai in the early seventeenth century. The relentless condemnation of pederasty by
1582:
86:
64:
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Ansart, Olivier. "Lust, Commerce and Corruption: An Account of What I Have Seen and Heard by an Edo Samurai".
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12851:
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5428:, samurai armies relied on armies of Chinese-type recruits and towards the end in infantry units composed of
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lent credence to the Japanese belief that their lands were indeed divine and under supernatural protection.
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saw the value of these samurai as mercenaries and recruited them. The most famous of these mercenaries was
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Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai The Story of Japan's Great Warriors. London. Prc Publishing Ltd., 2004. p. 231.
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in one of the largest military endeavors in Eastern Asia until the late 19th century. Taking advantage of
513:, they acquired a status equivalent to that of a samurai. In other words, a high-ranking person among the
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Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai The Story of Japan's Great Warriors. London. Prc Publishing Ltd, 2004. p. 198.
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Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai The Story of Japan's Great Warriors. London. Prc Publishing Ltd, 2004. p. 209.
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Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai The Story of Japan's Great Warriors. London. Prc Publishing Ltd, 2004. p. 207.
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Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai The Story of Japan's Great Warriors. London. Prc Publishing Ltd, 2004. p. 208.
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Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai The Story of Japan's Great Warriors. London. Prc Publishing Ltd, 2004. p. 196.
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was outdated by then, and various samurai factions purchased more modern firearms from European sources.
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neglect means a disloyalty toward humanity. Therefore such a man doesn't deserve to be called 'samurai'.
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Milites, Knights and Samurai: Military Terminology, Comparative History, and the Problem of Translation
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Despite the rampant romanticism of the 20th century, samurai could be disloyal and treacherous (e.g.,
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shared their newfound wealth with the local samurai, creating a hierarchical relationship between the
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James H. Buck, "The Satsuma Rebellion of 1877. From Kagoshima Through the Siege of Kumamoto Castle."
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By the 12th century, upper-class samurai were highly literate because of the general introduction of
3201:). However, by the end of the Tokugawa era, samurai were aristocratic bureaucrats for the with their
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The three unifiers of Japan: from left to right: Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu
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These changes in the aspect of the battlefield during the Sengoku period led to the emergence of the
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1975:
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Mark Ravina, The Last Samurai – The Life and Battles of Saigō Takamori, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
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was adopted into a full feature animated film and also became titles on gaming consoles such as the
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is one of the most famous Japanese historical novelists. His retellings of popular works, including
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family, but for lower-ranked samurai, marriages with commoners were permitted. In these marriages a
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The Japanese defenders recognized the possibility of a renewed invasion and began construction of a
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5147:. By the end of the 16th century, there were more firearms in Japan than in many European nations.
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3231:) increased from the Genpei era to the Edo era. They were strongly emphasized by the teachings of
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enacted by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1591. This law regulated the transfer of status classes:samurai (
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9775:"Celebration of seasonally based holidays and festivals in Japan: a study in cultural adaptation"
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One of the largest military operations ever undertaken in East Asia prior to the 20th century CE
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Samurai were expected to be cultured and literate and admired the ancient saying "bunbu-ryōdō" (
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Following the passing of a law in 1629, samurai on official duty were required to practice wear
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lost their real political authority and became nominal, effectively ending the Fujiwara regime.
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Literacy was generally high among the warriors and the common classes as well. The feudal lord
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Before his death, Hideyoshi ordered that Japan be ruled by a council of the five most powerful
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were not considered samurai. Of course, those who did not serve a particular lord, such as the
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Harry D. Harootunian, "The Economic Rehabilitation of the Samurai in the Early Meiji Period."
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6172:. The festival is 3 days long. It is held annually on the first or second weekend of April in
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takes the core story of a rescued princess being transported to a secret base from Kurosawa's
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declined sharply as there was no need for massive amounts of firearms. During the Edo period,
4508:, the coming of age ceremony. A man was addressed by his family name and his title, or by his
4367:. Previously, tea had been used primarily for Buddhist monks to stay awake during meditation.
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were highly respected and sought out by Tokugawa Ieyasu as the source of Japanese feudal law.
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was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku period. He commanded most of
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Samurai Museum in Shinjuku, Tokyo – about the history of the samurai with armor, weapons etc.
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3983:(1539–1600) was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the eve of the battle of
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continued to send emissaries to Japan, with five diplomats sent in September 1275 to Kyūshū.
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stature in pre-seventeenth-century Japan would have been insulted to be called a 'samurai'".
10214:
Inventing the Way of the Samurai: Nationalism, Internationalism, and Bushido in Modern Japan
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6331:
Samurai: The Story of a Warrior Tradition, Harry Cook, Blandford Press 1993, ISBN 0713724323
3927:
2247:
2167:, the local military and police officials established by the Kamakura shogunate, giving the
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1485:
645:, who owned farmland and held leadership positions in their villages, and became vassals of
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10279:(North Atlantic Books, 2016) 17th century Samurai textbook on combat; heavily illustrated.
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Procession, Kenshin Festival, Sendai Aoba Festival, Battle of Sekigahara Festival, and the
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indicate that the samurai were as practical on the battlefield as were any other warriors.
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and farmers could join the samurai class by giving a large sum of money to an impoverished
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8:
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11919:
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Howland, Douglas R. "Samurai status, class, and bureaucracy: A historiographical essay".
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certified it as the "largest gathering of samurai" in the world with 1,061 participants.
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dared to organize assault and kinsmen units composed entirely of large men equipped with
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being the nominal form of the verb." According to Wilson, an early reference to the word
10751:
9793:
7339:"Formative Memory: The Thirteenth-Century Mongolian Invasions and Their Impact on Japan"
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6209:
5649:, since two rows of arcabuceros and two archers were in position to receive the attack.
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was also used in the fourteenth century, though primarily used by samurai on the ground.
3220:, but to what extent this right was used is unknown. When the central government forced
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and brought down the power of the Ashikaga Shogunate. This plunged the country into the
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The regency political system by Fujiwara clan and cloistered rule by cloistered emperors
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4983:(literally "big and small"). During the Edo period only samurai were allowed to wear a
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1989:
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offices, and low-ranking samurai could be transferred to lower social classes, such as
194:
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James L. Huffman, "The Meiji Roots and Contemporary Practices of the Japanese Press,"
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Samurai figures have been the subject for legends, folk tales, dramatic stories (i.e.
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made of iron or wood, of all shapes and sizes were used by the samurai. Some like the
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4172:
Monogatari, the image of the Japanese warrior in literature came to its full maturity.
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were in power. The name "Azuchi-Momoyama" comes from the fact that Nobunaga's castle,
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10162:. "Shingen-ko Festival" Executive Planning Committee. 1 February 2019. Archived from
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and Nagasaki. By the end of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1867, the Japanese navy of the
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3498:, sent a group of boys who were their own blood relatives and retainers to Europe as
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1966:
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9028:(in Japanese). The Nohgaku Performers' Association. 16 February 2018. Archived from
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Japan: Its History, Traditions, and Religions: With the Narrative of a Visit in 1879
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3780:
Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader
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political structure, bureaucracy, culture, religion, and philosophy. As part of the
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8965:(in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from
8510:
7056:(in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from
6855:
6641:
6609:(in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from
6568:(in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from
6407:
6203:
5996:
5985:
5896:
5834:
5807:
4759:
4408:
4383:
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The relative peace of the Tokugawa era was shattered with the arrival of Commodore
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2008:
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or peasants became stricter, the boundaries between the definitions of samurai and
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Relationship of Japan and the Netherlands in Asia Market in 17th Century and Today
8043:
7203:
6206:– the second floor features a collection of feudal guns, armor, and other weapons.
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3532:, presenting him with a letter requesting trade, and he also had an audience with
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The Satsuma Students in Britain: Japan's Early Search for the essence of the West
8494:
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8160:
7914:"What is the Imjin War (1592-1598)? - Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute"
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3613:
3573:
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2674:, which appeared in the Nanboku-cho period and gradually became more common. The
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However, when Taira no Kiyomori used his power to have the child of his daughter
1702:
1683:
1565:
413:
146:
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8466:
Harry D. Harootunian, "The progress of Japan and the Samurai class, 1868–1882."
7658:
6245:
4789:
3932:
1519:
833:, like samurai, had different definitions in different periods, meaning a young
524:, as in the Kamakura period, the definition of samurai referred to high-ranking
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11975:
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11724:
11168:
10956:
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10303:
Ogata, Ken. "End of the Samurai: A Study of Deinstitutionalization Processes".
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was defeated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, seven samurai who came to be known as the "
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In general, samurai, aristocrats, and priests had a very high literacy rate in
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4282:
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2917:) bordering Korea to the northeast and crossed the border into northern China.
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was able to rule the region on his own, without being appointed by the shogun.
2378:
2076:
defending against the Second Mongolian Invasion. Moko Shurai Ekotoba, (蒙古襲来絵詞)
2012:
1737:
1663:
1409:
1271:
1177:
604:
207:
10854:
10691:
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9663:
King, Kevin (1 December 2008). "Afro Samurai". Youth Graphic Novels in Brief.
8145:
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4352:
2792:
2564:, a well-known figure who rose from a peasant background to become a samurai,
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9873:"Hagi Jidai Festival in Yamaguchi – Experience as if You Were in Edo Period"
9848:"Experience the samurai world through historic festivals across Japan – ANA"
7601:(in Japanese). The Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from
7486:
7482:
7384:(in Japanese). The Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from
6832:, ed. Richard Abels and Bernard Bachrach, 167–84. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2001.
5745:
5533:
4925:
1890s photo showing a variety of armor and weapons typically used by samurai
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was brought by the woman and was used to set up the couple's new household.
4429:
and noble persons entrust the education of their children to private tutors.
4379:
4163:
In his book "Ideals of the Samurai" translator William Scott Wilson states:
3976:. It began on 21 October 1600 with a total of 160,000 men facing each other.
2748:
2087:
1947:
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on his side. Later, Taira no Kiyomori defeated Minamoto no Yoshitomo in the
1173:
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9933:"VISIT MATSUE – Events|April|Matsue Musha Gyoretsu Warrior Parade – 松江武者行列"
9723:"Fantasies of Valor: Legends of the Samurai in Japan and the United States"
9713:
9029:
8966:
8674:"Excerpts from Articles of Admonition by Imagawa Ryoshun to his son Nakaai"
6050:. In 2007, the animated series debuted on American cable television on the
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5207:
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to cut the size of their armies, unemployed rōnin became a social problem.
2925:
2800:
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2453:(gun), changing battlefield tactics and the equipment of the samurai class.
2425:
2388:
1996:
1985:
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The Rise of Modern Business in Great Britain, the United States, and Japan
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6216:– large collection of ancient samurai weaponry, armor and shrine statuary.
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5607:
2920:
Kiyomasa withdrew back to Korea after retaliatory counterattacks from the
2650:, which was difficult to maneuver in close formation, and the long, heavy
1686:
and became the first samurai-born aristocratic class, eventually becoming
987:
became blurred. Since then, the term "samurai" has been used to refer to "
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12432:
12422:
12372:
12354:
12265:
12226:
12020:
11931:
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11494:
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10291:
Samurai to Soldier: Remaking Military Service in Nineteenth-Century Japan
9165:
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5545:
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4783:
4731:
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3639:
already possessed eight western-style steam warships around the flagship
3533:
3181:
After the Battle of Sekigahara, when the Tokugawa shogunate defeated the
2598:
2527:
family. These events sometimes led to the rise of samurai to the rank of
2460:
who became more powerful as the shogunate's control weakened were called
2036:
2024:
1951:
1108:
and farmers could be promoted to the samurai class by being adopted into
600:, who were temporarily hired foot soldiers, were not considered samurai.
235:
and farmers could be promoted to the samurai class by being adopted into
10811:
10526:
9688:
9545:
6887:
6772:
6452:
6042:
5006:
3813:
3668:
A studio photograph of a samurai, taken by Italian–British photographer
3040:
1892:
were no longer respected. Until then, the body was the only part of the
1880:
In the late Kamakura period, even the most senior samurai began to wear
1275:
12447:
11787:
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11154:
10941:
10744:
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The Samurai Warrior: The Golden Age of Japan's Elite Warriors 1560–1615
10130:(in Japanese), Yamanashi Tourism Promotion Organization, archived from
8517:
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7025:
6768:
6728:
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6692:
6688:
6427:
6260:
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of Kyushu used cannon like this at the Battle of Okinawate against the
5233:
5201:
4855:
4674:
4567:
4003:
3984:
3969:
3862:
3682:
The last showing of the original samurai was in 1867 when samurai from
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2400:
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862:
373:
217:
11413:
11360:
10910:
10861:
10758:
10561:
10519:
9687:. Japan Railway & Transport Review. pp. 46–47. Archived from
8629:
The rising sun; the decline and fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936-1945
8561:(3rd ed.). U of North Carolina Press. p. 122. Archived from
7103:
5910:, and in turn Kurosawa's works have been remade into westerns such as
5854:, video games, and in various musical pieces in genre that range from
4937:
4746:
master of Osaka castle and the Toyotomi clan after Hideyoshi's death.
4187:
3861:
after losing a battle for his master in 1582. He had just written his
2936:("Shimazu ogre") and his nickname spread across Korea and into China.
2015:(right) assaults the Mongolian and Korean invasion army (left) at the
1796:
1614:
1439:
1431:
1369:
his rule was independent of the Imperial Court and called himself the
1141:
341:, the first imperial anthology of poems, completed in the early 900s.
220:, 1603 to 1868, they were mainly the stewards and chamberlains of the
167:
12493:
12488:
12455:
12427:
12315:
12310:
12246:
12221:
12168:
12082:
11797:
11729:
11580:
11487:
11406:
11297:
11175:
11140:
11006:
10903:
10723:
10716:
10603:
9739:
7238:(1st ed.). Tokyo; New York: Kodansha International. p. 42.
5969:
5936:
5907:
5894:
series incorporated many stylistic traits pioneered by Kurosawa, and
5890:
5868:
5548:, he took the heads of 17 enemy soldiers, and was greatly praised by
5309:
5199:, various weapons using chains were used during the samurai era, the
4959:
4739:
4551:
4458:
4341:
4194:
3714:
3664:
3631:. French naval engineers were hired to build naval arsenals, such as
3242:
3232:
2914:
2736:
2586:
2418:
2348:
2307:
During the Nanboku-chō period, many lower-class foot soldiers called
1207:
614:
187:
11207:
11073:
10568:
10406:
8514:
7801:
6411:
6166:
5187:
4988:
4979:
4577:
4095:, both written in the Edo period, contributed to the development of
3821:. After a battle, the heads of enemies were presented to the daimyo.
3596:
3397:
print. Five albumen prints joined to form a panorama. Photographer:
3270:
3198:
3170:
2264:
2241:
1839:
1266:
1243:
868:
770:
227:
42:
12502:
12474:
12460:
12327:
12293:
12251:
12236:
12196:
11941:
11573:
11524:
11512:
11427:
11311:
11087:
10999:
10737:
10730:
10626:
10554:
10328:
10311:
Sharf, Robert H. (August 1993). "The Zen of Japanese Nationalism".
10298:
Self-Made Man in Meiji Japanese Thought: From Samurai to Salary Man
8098:"Common Myths and Misconceptions About Traditional Japanese Daishō"
7542:
6761:
6717:
6396:"Samurai Status, Class, and Bureaucracy: A Historiographical Essay"
6051:
6002:
5565:
5392:
5102:
5088:
5062:
4662:
4356:
4079:
4054:
3957:
3792:
3702:
3632:
3462:
3326:
3161:
3132:
2985:
2894:
2877:
Korean and Chinese soldiers assault the Japanese-built fortress at
2661:
2580:
2556:
2482:
2432:
2370:
2310:
2283:
2269:(large/great sword) were at their peak as weapons for the samurai.
2144:
1867:
1423:
895:
586:
368:
The definition of "samurai" varies from period to period. From the
11566:
11545:
11260:
11246:
10790:
10589:
10533:
10435:
9423:
9421:
9339:
9337:
9327:
9325:
6270:
6046:, or manga series, which was then made into an animated series by
4965:
4935:
are the weapons that have come to be synonymous with the samurai.
4375:
3429:
3227:
Theoretical obligations between a samurai and his lord (usually a
2855:
2296:, which had been used since the Heian period, were used more. The
1954:'s Mongolian army during the first Mongol Invasion of Japan, 1274.
1790:
1391:
552:
12498:
12483:
12479:
12191:
12183:
12173:
12077:
12065:
11924:
11820:
11814:
11459:
11353:
11267:
11147:
11041:
11027:
10804:
10709:
10547:
8911:
6285:
6280:
5956:
5760:
5525:
5041:
4715:
4520:
and frequently changed their names to reflect their allegiances.
4505:
4246:
4112:
3936:
3858:
3804:
3785:
3736:
3694:
that submitted to Ieyasu after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600.
3281:
3236:
3147:. In most cases, however, it is difficult to prove these claims.
2192:
to receive half of all taxes from the areas they controlled. The
2174:
2044:
1214:
1168:
in 645. This edict allowed the Japanese aristocracy to adopt the
419:
363:
264:
238:
203:
10847:
9050:
6173:
4750:
was chosen to lead the Tachibana clan after her father's death.
4730:
of the Muromachi shogunate, lost interest in politics, his wife
1824:
1744:, no longer able to assume the imperial throne, called upon the
817:
were fighters, while the rest were porters. Generally, samurai (
12470:
12283:
12216:
12156:
12151:
11958:
11625:
11480:
11473:
11392:
11290:
11214:
11122:
11048:
11020:
11013:
10875:
10797:
10783:
10540:
10424:
9418:
9334:
9322:
9207:
8761:
7831:
Heroes of the Grand Pacification: Kuniyoshi's Taiheiki eiyū den
7029:
6945:
Heavenly Warriors – The Evolution of Japan's Military, 500–1300
6255:
6121:
5839:
5553:
5465:
5266:
5037:
5029:
4953:
4310:
4231:
4062:
3658:
3590:
3450:
3343:
3297:
3246:
2939:
2804:
2669:
2395:
in 1638. Thus, the Sengoku Period overlaps with the Muromachi,
2383:
2203:
1907:
1625:
1556:
by presiding over politics himself, and when the next emperor,
1331:
as a young man, but eventually won a power struggle within the
1247:
1115:
648:
535:
438:
246:
212:
10464:
Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan
10124:
Shingen-Ko Festival – Celebrating the Legacy of Takeda Shingen
7808:
Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan
5563:
of Hideyoshi, where they remain today under the wrong name of
4638:
4202:
was a place of politics and socializing for lords and samurai.
2391:
marched on Kyoto, and the latest being the suppression of the
1785:
1274:
to conquer the Emishi. Skilled in mounted combat and archery (
921:
or less who were entitled to an audience with the shogun, and
263:
formally abolished the status, and most former samurai became
12278:
12206:
11757:
11531:
11420:
11304:
11200:
10684:
10582:
10440:
6250:
6097:
5981:
5873:
5861:
5851:
5847:
5294:
5181:
4947:
4837:
4544:
4480:
4462:
4390:
4154:
Friends and foes alike wet their sleeves with tears and said,
3257:, the third shogun, was known for his interest in pederasty.
3136:
3127:
led by Mitsunari, and Ieyasu nearly gained control of Japan.
2653:
2374:
2291:
2153:
1871:
1818:
1415:
1254:-based imperial court. Emperor Kanmu introduced the title of
1251:
1222:
179:
11253:
11239:
10015:
Calendar, Japanese Traditional Festival (30 November 2020).
9986:
Calendar, Japanese Traditional Festival (30 November 2020).
9472:(Juan Antonio Cebrián, trad.). London. Nowtilus S.L., 2004.
9407:(Juan Antonio Cebrián, trad.). London. Nowtilus S.L., 2004.
9374:(Juan Antonio Cebrián, trad.). London. Nowtilus S.L., 2004.
8735:
Stacey B. Day; Kiyoshi Inokuchi; Hagakure Kenkyūkai (1994).
7857:"The Imjin War | KCP International Japanese Language School"
7660:
Giving up the gun: Japan's reversion to the sword, 1543-1879
5020:, but the skill was still practiced at least for sport. The
3619:
From 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A
2913:. Katō Kiyomasa advanced to Orangkai territory (present-day
2373:, which began in 1467 and lasted about 10 years, devastated
1912:(helmet) and shoulder guards. For lower-ranked samurai, the
1597:
1092:, and the status gap between samurai, who were high-ranking
279:
In Japanese, historical warriors are usually referred to as
12288:
11830:
11325:
11034:
10765:
9907:
8073:(in Japanese). Yahoo News. 1 September 2023. Archived from
7772:
7770:
7768:
7766:
7764:
6064:
5856:
5818:), when loyalty to the emperor was seen to have supremacy.
5696:
5692:
5437:
5411:
5352:
5134:
were introduced to Japan in 1543 through Portuguese trade.
5082:
5033:
4999:
4443:, Xavier further noted the education of the upper classes:
4440:
4355:(1275–1351) was a Zen monk who was advisor to both Emperor
4254:
were some of the cultural pursuits enjoyed by the samurai.
3874:
material for traditional Japanese until World War II:
3361:
could change jobs and move into the lower classes, such as
2633:
2613:
2440:
2299:
2275:
1619:
1533:, reaching their peak at the end of the 10th century under
1447:
1384:. In response, the imperial court sent a large army led by
1299:
888:
or more called themselves samurai. At the beginning of the
884:
183:
10499:
10466:, Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
8902:
Matsura, Yoshinori Fukuiken-shi 2 (Tokyo: Sanshusha, 1921)
5799:
Some writers take issue with the very mention of the term
995:
were called samurai and the low-ranking bushi were called
441:. However, there were some samurai of exceptional status,
10114:
8738:
The wisdom of Hagakure: way of the Samurai of Saga domain
7168:
7133:(in Japanese). Yahoo News. 4 January 2024. Archived from
5843:
4220:
4116:
4058:
3717:
soldiers who committed suicide on Iimori Hill during the
3645:, which were used against pro-imperial forces during the
3528:, led a diplomatic mission and had an audience with King
2321:
increased. During the Nanboku-chō and Muromachi periods,
1934:
were extended to the back to provide greater protection.
7761:
7263:. Versailles, Kentucky: Sheridan Kentucky. p. 296.
3713:. He was the sole survivor of the famous group of young
2680:
was often cut off from the hilt and shortened to make a
2406:
1898:
that was protected, but for higher-ranking samurai, the
1080:
who served them, but it was more difficult to rise from
708:, as exemplified by the provisions of the temporary law
666:(samurai). On the other hand, it also referred to local
9750:"American, Japanese pop culture meld in 'Afro Samurai'"
8320:"Japanese Mercenaries and the Dutch East India Company"
8296:
Japan in the Days of the Samurai (Cultures of the Past)
8042:(in Japanese). Toyo Keizai. 22 May 2016. Archived from
7259:
Pearson, Patricia O'Connell; Holdren, John (May 2021).
7202:(in Japanese). Toyo keizai. 9 June 2016. Archived from
6970:, Vol. 3 and 4, George Samson, Tuttle Publishing, 2000.
2551:
by weakening and eliminating the power of their lords.
2333:
became the norm, and senior samurai also began to wear
2315:
began to participate in battles, and the popularity of
1188:
keeping with the original derivation of this word from
9399:
9397:
9171:
Samurai, warfare and the state in early medieval Japan
8851:
8820:
7102:(in Japanese). Tomonokai. 19 July 2015. Archived from
6640:(1 ed.), Oxford University Press, pp. 4–11,
5414:(Kagi yari, omi yari, and su yari) mounted in koshirae
3788:
and all of the other nations around the Philippines."
2726:
2720:
2712:
2703:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2611:
2605:
2590:
2578:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2410:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2308:
2297:
2289:
2281:
2273:
2262:
2239:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1670:, each with his samurai class on his side, fought the
1465:
1459:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1242:
sought to consolidate and expand his rule in northern
1189:
1124:
could be transferred to lower social classes, such as
10364:
9611:"Villains of The Wolverine: Silver Samurai and Viper"
9234:
7802:
Nagano Prefectural Museum of History (1 March 2005).
7779:
Handbook to Life in Medieval & early Modern Japan
7573:(in Japanese). Kodansha. 18 June 2021. Archived from
7236:
The Yasukuni Swords: Rare Weapons of Japan, 1933–1945
4330:
and samurai. The view of life and death expressed in
2764:
The Azuchi-Momoyama period refers to the period when
1980:
Various samurai clans struggled for power during the
315:, meaning 'military family'. According to translator
10371:
Ideals of the Samurai: Writings of Japanese Warriors
8872:
6521:
Ideals of the Samurai: Writings of Japanese Warriors
6308:
Samurai An Encyclopedia of Japan's Cultured Warriors
5281:
Samurai with various armor and weapons, c. 1802–1814
3833:
notes that 13th- and 14th-century warrior writings (
3748:
localized samurai rebellion that was quickly crushed
3657:
was established to help modernize the armies of the
3457:
1444:
styles of armor. High-ranking samurai equipped with
1213:, the 10th-century blacksmith Munechika, aided by a
1033:, a status that can be translated as warrior class,
9782:
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
9394:
6108:The Hagi Jidai Festival takes place in the fall in
5253:
Cross sections of Japanese sword lamination methods
4457:But now we must give you an account of our stay at
2644:became the primary weapons on the battlefield. The
2304:(spear) was not yet a major weapon in this period.
2110:
1748:to raise an army to defeat the Taira clan, and the
1408:The Heian period saw the appearance of distinctive
689:(late Sengoku period), "samurai" often referred to
416:, the definition of samurai became synonymous with
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
10251:
8594:
7657:
4957:. Smaller commonly known companion swords are the
4158:pre-eminent in the arts of both sword and poetry.
3767:In a 16th-century account of Japan sent to Father
2897:mastery and extensive wartime experience from the
2666:, which could be held short, and the short, light
1282:. Though this is the first known use of the title
9241:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 117.
9117:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 38.
8273:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 46.
8246:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 37.
8219:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 37.
8192:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 37.
8165:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 46.
7465:Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World.
7286:Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World.
5906:. Kurosawa was inspired by the works of director
4693:); irritated by the antics of her mother-in-law,
1674:, which was won by Emperor Go-Shirakawa, who had
1347:, fled to Masakado. He was wanted for tyranny by
925:, those without such rights. Samurai referred to
498:were given a territory and a family name, and as
12910:
10148:
9832:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
9747:
9274:
8095:
7419:
7417:
7415:
7014:
7012:
5092:(glaive) were commonly used by the samurai. The
4002:Tokugawa successfully raised an army and won at
3987:, he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed
3093:and others. This conflict eventually led to the
2437:(foot soldiers) in close formation began to use
975:of each domains, and as the distinction between
182:. Originally provincial warriors who served the
9912:HAGI – Sightseeing Guide|Hagi, Yamaguchi, Japan
8554:
8293:
7776:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6523:. United States: Black Belt Books. p. 17.
6200:– dedicated to the art of Japanese swordmaking.
6156:
6120:The Matsue Warrior Procession is a festival in
5934:. There is also a 26-episode anime adaptation (
5771:
4339:
4308:
4261:
4244:
4229:
4218:
4207:
4192:
3341:
3324:
3307:
3295:
3279:
3268:
3113:
3098:
3038:
3019:
3002:
2497:
2480:
2461:
2218:
2201:
2172:
2151:
1758:
1646:
1517:
1500:
1483:
1389:
1370:
1352:
1238:, during the late 8th and early 9th centuries,
1113:
1058:
1017:
996:
951:
930:
893:
866:
838:
789:
768:
747:
732:
717:
690:
646:
629:
612:
584:
567:
550:
533:
499:
480:
463:
442:
417:
396:
384:
244:
236:
225:
10190:Samurai Armour: Volume I: The Japanese Cuirass
9908:"Seasonal Features – HAGI – Sightseeing Guide"
9710:"The "Badass" Samurai in Japanese Pop Culture"
9305:Samurai Armour: Volume I: The Japanese Cuirass
9164:
8592:
8011:(in Japanese). Japan Knowledge. Archived from
7513:(in Japanese). Japan Knowledge. Archived from
7258:
7233:
6754:
6710:
6680:
6558:
6556:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6305:Vaporis, Constantine Nomikos (14 March 2019).
6150:
5765:
5119:
5067:
5051:
4491:
4268:
3741:
3350:
3333:
3314:
3213:
3120:
3105:
3047:
3026:
2996:
2787:
2504:
2489:
2468:
2356:Issues of inheritance caused family strife as
2225:
2210:
2181:
2160:
1655:
1526:
1509:
1492:
1398:
1377:
1361:
1259:
1065:
1024:
1003:
960:
937:
902:
875:
845:
796:
777:
754:
739:
724:
697:
655:
636:
621:
593:
574:
559:
542:
506:
487:
470:
449:
426:
308:
287:
165:
11641:
10485:
8654:, PhD Thesis, University of Copenhagen (1979)
8410:"Faithful legacy of the 'samurai ambassador'"
8032:
8030:
7966:
7964:
7412:
7009:
5185:were one-handed weapons, and others like the
4479:A samurai was usually named by combining one
4448:and letters, honouring learned men very much.
2535:was the first samurai to rise to the rank of
2095:, killing the Mongolian soldiers aboard, 1281
2035:Leading up to the second Mongolian invasion,
1757:of the Minamoto clan to assume the office of
12545:
12325:
10010:
10008:
9814:. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018
9265:. London. Prc Publishing Ltd, 2004. p. 174.
9085:; Chicago : ALA Editions, 2009. p. 113
8912:Philip J. Adler; Randall L. Pouwels (2007).
7827:
7781:. Facts On File, Incorporated. p. 136.
7474:
7154:
7152:
7092:
7090:
6584:
6365:
5515:Kamakura samurai beheading (head collection)
4945:, featured a straight blade. By 900, curved
3900:(1521–1573) also made similar observations:
3406:
2859:or were absorbed into the general populace.
2708:to demonstrate the bravery of their armies.
2135:, which corresponds to the beginning of the
1837:In 1190 he visited Kyoto and in 1192 became
1458:, while lower-ranking samurai equipped with
917:, direct vassals with territories of 10,000
458:, who did not serve the shogun. Subordinate
178:(武士, ) were members of the warrior class in
9608:
9308:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 210–211.
9263:Samurai The Story of Japan's Great Warriors
9196:Samurai The Story of Japan's Great Warriors
9051:R. H. P. Mason; John Godwin Caiger (1997).
9018:
9016:
8898:
8896:
8625:
8063:
8061:
8001:
7999:
7941:"The Japanese Invasion of Korea, 1592-8 CE"
7886:"The Japanese Invasion of Korea, 1592-8 CE"
7655:
7626:豊臣秀吉はなぜ「征夷大将軍」ではなく「関白」になったのか——秀吉をめぐる「三つのなぜ」
7374:
7372:
7123:
7121:
6545:
6128:The Kenshin Festival is a festival held in
5810:), cowardly, brave, or overly loyal (e.g.,
4893:It has been suggested that this section be
4606:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3857:General Akashi Gidayu preparing to perform
3323:Some of their descendants were promoted to
1786:Kamakura shogunate and the Mongol invasions
11648:
11634:
10492:
10478:
10436:The Samurai Archives Japanese History page
10258:the Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier
9208:Kathleen Haywood; Catherine Lewis (2006).
8858:. Princeton University Press. p. 78.
8762:Brooke Noel Moore; Kenneth Bruder (2001).
8027:
7961:
7706:Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum, Touken World
7694:Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum, Touken World
7685:
7190:
7077:
7075:
6441:
6439:
6437:
5884:, greatly influenced western film-making.
5744:
5723:
5702:
5673:
5652:
5627:
5606:
5056:), a large, mobile wooden shield, but the
4156:What a pity! Tadanori was a great general,
3500:Japan's first diplomatic mission to Europe
2658:fell into disuse and were replaced by the
1843:, establishing the Kamakura shogunate, or
1720:illustration samurai raiding the house of
462:in the service of the samurai were called
10120:
10005:
9801:
9738:
9667:. Vol. 105, no. 7. p. 44.
9439:
9437:
9435:
9433:
9079:The library : an illustrated history
7697:
7692:Basic knowledge of naginata and nagamaki.
7589:
7149:
7087:
6906:
6840:
6838:
6080:) is inspired by the way of the samurai.
4681:A samurai's daughter's greatest duty was
4626:Learn how and when to remove this message
4512:if he did not have a title. However, the
3448:. When the policy of national isolation (
3054:, until his only heir, the five-year-old
2743:
2610:began to fight in close formation, using
1598:Late Heian period and the rise of samurai
1136:
991:". Officially, however, the high-ranking
892:, there was no clear distinction between
837:in the Muromachi period and a rank below
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
12533:
10014:
9985:
9137:
9013:
8893:
8058:
7996:
7501:
7468:
7369:
7296:Reed, Sir Edward James (17 April 1880).
7118:
6830:The Normans and Their Adversaries at War
6087:
5645:Considered the best defense against the
5510:
4920:
4637:
4530:
4490:was "Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga" (
4374:
4186:
3963:
3926:
3852:
3812:
3701:
3663:
3589:
3469:portrayed during his mission in Rome by
3461:
3410:
3290:varied according to his position: 1,000
3160:
3131:of one of the four ancient noble clans:
3069:In this politically unstable situation,
2984:
2938:
2872:
2825:
2791:
2747:
2424:
2405:
2234:
2171:jurisdiction over land disputes between
2086:
2002:
1789:
1601:
1452:(bows) and who fought on horseback wore
1428:(halberd) used in close combat, and the
1308:
1246:and made military campaigns against the
1201:
1140:
140:
9772:
9625:
9301:
8937:
8935:
8601:. University of Hawaii Press. pp.
8354:/J Stage. p. 61-67. Archived from
8322:. World History Commons. Archived from
7729:
7709:
7704:Arms for battle – spears, swords, bows.
7478:最長で200年説も!戦国時代とはいつからいつまでを指すのか?諸説をまとめました
7456:
7400:
7072:
6918:(in Japanese). Shūeisha. Archived from
6434:
6393:
6340:
6304:
6092:Samurai lord and a palanquin (norimono)
5143:becoming the weapon of choice over the
5124:) played a crucial role in the victory.
4048:
3655:French Military Mission to Japan (1867)
2974:
2869:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
1928:appeared, in which the two ends of the
1782:, and the Minamoto clan came to power.
1752:began. In the midst of the Genpei War,
14:
12911:
10500:Japanese weapons, armour and equipment
9955:
9953:
9902:
9900:
9898:
9720:
9679:
9430:
8266:
8239:
8212:
8185:
8158:
7938:
7883:
7854:
7749:
7005:from the original on 12 February 2017.
6961:
6835:
6786:
6646:10.1093/actrade/9780190685072.003.0002
6518:
6476:
6474:
5846:, in literature, movies, animated and
5572:
2577:From this time on, infantrymen called
1412:and weapons. Typical examples are the
821:) could take family names, while some
12532:
11889:
11629:
10473:
10310:
9760:from the original on 18 January 2015.
9443:
9198:. London. Prc Publishing Ltd., 2004.
8878:
7234:Kishida, Tom; Mishina, Kenji (2004).
6939:
6937:
5948:plays as sources for samurai movies:
5821:
3150:
2862:
2200:and the samurai, and the first early
1497:, Imperial Regent for Minor Emperors)
1250:, who resisted the governance of the
662:. Their status was half farmer, half
293:
269:contemporary Japanese popular culture
12924:12th-century establishments in Japan
10275:Cummins, Antony, and Mieko Koizumi.
10071:en.nks.iamdn.com.e.wp.hp.transer.com
9748:Solomon, Charles (2 February 2009).
9707:
9543:
9302:Absolon, Trevor (30 November 2017).
9278:The Samurai Swordsman: Master of War
9174:. Psychology Press. pp. 78–80.
9112:
8932:
8632:. New York, Random House. p. 5.
8121:
7918:bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com
7570:意外と知らない「下剋上」とは一体何か?戦国時代の「主殺し」の実像 4/4
7538:意外と知らない「下剋上」とは一体何か?戦国時代の「主殺し」の実像 3/4
7436:
7295:
6973:
6631:
6389:
6387:
5493:not be able to flee from the flames.
5419:
5351:Japanese arrow stand with a pair of
4879:
4604:adding citations to reliable sources
4571:
4500:), and "Nobunaga" is an adult name (
2993:, known as "Japan's decisive battle"
2698:had become even more obsolete, some
2381:("warring states period"), in which
1514:, Imperial Regent fo Adult Emperors)
1335:and became a powerful figure in the
1316:attacking an opponent on horseback (
1270:, and began to rely on the powerful
364:The changing definition of "samurai"
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
10460:– Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire
10097:"Niigata Travel | Kenshin Festival"
9950:
9895:
9773:Renshaw, Steven L. (January 2011).
8115:
8070:どうして豊臣政権は短命だったのか?存続のカギは弟・豊臣秀長が握っていた
7737:Encyclopedia of the Japanese Swords
7717:Encyclopedia of the Japanese Swords
7633:. 24 September 2023. Archived from
7444:Encyclopedia of the Japanese Swords
7021:平将門の乱は何が原因? 平将門の生涯や、事件の背景、その後の影響を解説
6685:(Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition)
6471:
5754:
4420:In a letter dated 29 January 1552,
3946:(1538–1618 AD) was another Sengoku
1847:. Instead of ruling from Kyoto, he
1740:, there was widespread opposition.
1057:was clearly distinguished from the
583:, who were armed peasants, and the
437:who owned territory and served the
24:
11891:
11890:
10441:Samurai Swords and Samurai Culture
10042:"Lord Kenshin Festival – 上越観光Navi"
9712:. Samurai-Archives. Archived from
9057:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 152.
8997:. 16 February 2018. Archived from
8270:Japan and the Shackles of the Past
8243:Japan and the Shackles of the Past
8216:Japan and the Shackles of the Past
8189:Japan and the Shackles of the Past
8162:Japan and the Shackles of the Past
8124:Samurai: A Very Short Introduction
7664:. David R Godine. pp. 17–28.
7130:摂関政治で最盛期を築き上げた藤原氏とは、いかなる由緒を持つ氏族なのか
6934:
6818:
6638:Samurai: A Very Short Introduction
6191:
6136:. The festival started during the
5544:'s army. In the outpost battle of
5506:
4053:The philosophies of Confucianism,
3037:, and Hideyoshi's five retainers,
2760:to give it its present appearance.
1149:helmet, gilt copper, 5th century,
25:
12975:
10417:
10389:
10305:Academy of Management Proceedings
10121:Kofu City, ed. (1 January 2009),
9281:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 65.
8918:. Cengage Learning. p. 369.
8122:Wert, Michael (1 February 2021).
7475:Akio Tsunoda (19 November 2020).
7028:. 8 November 2022. Archived from
6384:
5457:, which exhibited its respective
4111:In December 1547, Francis was in
3458:Samurai as diplomatic ambassadors
3267:From the mid-Edo period, wealthy
2932:in 1598. Yoshihiro was feared as
2823:, turned upon him with his army.
2364:
971:came to serve the shogun and the
929:in the Tokugawa shogunate and to
829:) were considered samurai class.
12893:
12892:
11655:
10423:
10228:Comparative Civilizations Review
10089:
10059:
10034:
9979:
9925:
9865:
9840:
9766:
9700:
9601:
9585:
9572:
9563:
9546:"Bushido: Way of Total Bullshit"
9537:
9525:
9504:
9483:
9462:
9385:
9364:
9355:
9346:
9295:
9268:
9255:
9238:Samurai: The Code of the Warrior
9235:Thomas Louis; Tommy Ito (2008).
9228:
9201:
9188:
9158:
9131:
9106:
9097:
9088:
9071:
9044:
8981:
8953:
8944:
8905:
8884:
8845:
8814:
8805:
8796:
8782:
8741:. Hagakure Society. p. 61.
6394:Howland, Douglas R. (May 2001).
5403:
5384:
5379:The arrow of the Kamakura period
5372:
5360:
5344:
5328:
5316:
5301:
5286:
5274:
5258:
5246:
5016:(Japanese matchlock) during the
4884:
4863:
4844:
4829:
4804:
4775:
4576:
4115:(Malaysia) waiting to return to
3579:
3382:
2246:forged by Sadaie, 14th century,
2111:Nanboku-chō and Muromachi period
2061:
1959:
1939:
1710:
1695:
1581:
1544:Later, in the mid-11th century,
670:who did not serve the shogun or
41:
27:Warriors in pre-industrial Japan
12929:1879 disestablishments in Japan
11278:Projectile and throwing weapons
10359:Samurai: an illustrated history
10352:The Samurai: A Military History
10181:
9721:Ravina, Mark (1 October 2010).
9468:Gaskin, Carol; Hawkins, Vince.
9403:Gaskin, Carol; Hawkins, Vince.
9370:Gaskin, Carol; Hawkins, Vince.
8915:World Civilizations: Since 1500
8852:Daisetz Teitarō Suzuki (1938).
8821:Daisetz Teitarō Suzuki (1938).
8755:
8728:
8719:
8710:
8701:
8692:
8683:
8666:
8657:
8645:
8636:
8619:
8586:
8577:
8548:
8535:
8522:
8499:
8476:
8460:
8428:
8412:. 16 March 2021. Archived from
8402:
8370:
8338:
8312:
8298:. Benchmark Books. p. 59.
8287:
8260:
8233:
8206:
8179:
8152:
8089:
7932:
7906:
7877:
7848:
7821:
7795:
7649:
7617:
7561:
7529:
7357:
7331:
7313:
7289:
7277:
7252:
7227:
7218:
7044:
6987:
6874:
6767:, Third Edition (in Japanese),
6742:
6698:
6668:
6625:
6132:celebrating the life of Daimyō
5004:(bow), reflected in the art of
3649:, under the command of Admiral
3502:. They had audiences with King
2803:was the well-known lord of the
2093:Second Mongolian invasion fleet
1197:
788:and fell under the category of
356:is often used as a synonym for
52:needs additional citations for
12534:
10239:A Brief History of the Samurai
10192:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017).
9470:Breve historia de los samuráis
9405:Breve historia de los samuráis
9372:Breve historia de los samuráis
9214:. Human Kinetics. p. 10.
8765:Philosophy: the power of ideas
7545:. 18 June 2021. Archived from
7306:– via Internet Archive.
7261:World History: Our Human Story
6632:Wert, Michael (1 April 2021),
6519:Wilson, William Scott (1985).
6512:
6359:
6334:
6325:
6298:
5367:The bow of the Kamakura period
5191:were large two-handed weapons.
4987:. A longer blade known as the
4666:or a special knife called the
4486:For example, the full name of
4134:(a samurai who appears in the
4091:("Book of the Five Rings") by
3697:
3552:came to Japan in 1853 and the
3544:At the end of the Edo period (
2091:Samurai boarding ships of the
2072:Samurai and defensive wall at
528:in the service of the shogun.
274:
13:
1:
9680:Manion, Annie (August 2006).
8386:(in Japanese). Archived from
7099:【藤原道長はなぜ躍進?】摂関政治をわかりやすく説明する方法
6858:. p. 126. Archived from
6366:Kleinschmidt, Harald (2017).
6292:
6112:This festival started in the
4951:appeared, and ultimately the
4836:Japanese woman preparing for
4819:
4793:
4646:
4538:with his wives and concubines
4073:Literature on the subject of
3757:
3673:
2740:for their military services.
2560:samurai. One such example is
2077:
1016:were represented by the word
784:and peasants employed by the
763:. These four classes and the
198:
11378:Improvised and other weapons
10398:The Journal of Asian Studies
9609:Marc Buxton (26 July 2013).
8768:. McGraw-Hill. p. 494.
7828:Varshavskaya, Elena (2021).
6483:近世後期の江戸における武家の養子と身分 滝沢馬琴を事例に
6400:The Journal of Asian Studies
6083:
4742:, his concubine, became the
4734:largely ruled in his place.
4370:
3791:However, insubordination or
3709:, a Japanese samurai of the
3594:Kamei Koremi, a samurai and
2353:(face armor), and gauntlet.
1995:In 1274, the Mongol-founded
1464:and who fought on foot wore
809:. In times of war, samurai (
7:
11615:Military equipment of Japan
10321:University of Chicago Press
10160:【公式】富士の国やまなし観光ネット 山梨県公式観光情報
9988:"Matsue Warrior Procession"
9628:Creative Industries Journal
6634:"Becoming those who served"
6228:
6157:
6122:Matsue, Shimane Prefecture.
6110:Hagi, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
5772:
5116:Seven Spears of Shizugatake
4526:
4340:
4309:
4262:
4252:(Japanese flower arranging)
4245:
4230:
4219:
4208:
4193:
3883:Similarly, the feudal lord
3798:
3446:Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom
3342:
3325:
3308:
3296:
3280:
3269:
3114:
3112:led by Ieyasu defeated the
3099:
3039:
3020:
3003:
2883:Japanese invasions of Korea
2788:Oda, Toyotomi, and Tokugawa
2727:
2721:
2713:
2704:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2591:
2579:
2498:
2481:
2475:, and they often came from
2462:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2411:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2309:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2263:
2240:
2219:
2202:
2173:
2152:
2147:, which broke out in 1467.
1930:
1922:
1914:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1886:, as the heavy and elegant
1882:
1759:
1647:
1518:
1501:
1484:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1390:
1371:
1353:
1343:, a powerful figure in the
1190:
1114:
1112:families, or by serving in
1059:
1018:
997:
967:. During this period, most
952:
931:
894:
882:with territories of 10,000
867:
839:
790:
769:
748:
733:
718:
691:
647:
630:
613:
585:
568:
551:
534:
500:
481:
464:
443:
418:
397:
385:
245:
237:
226:
10:
12980:
11740:Weberian (three-component)
9510:Turnbull, Stephen (1979).
9489:Turnbull, Stephen (1979).
9138:Turnbull, Stephen (2012).
9115:Samurai: A Concise History
8829:Princeton University Press
7978:National Archives of Japan
7945:World History Encyclopedia
7890:World History Encyclopedia
7426:September 2020. pp.40–41.
6130:Jōetsu, Niigata Prefecture
5838:), theatre productions in
5825:
5785:Bushido: The Soul of Japan
5323:Antique Japanese wakizashi
5228:or "province destroyers".
4875:
4565:
4182:
3802:
3583:
3185:at summer campaign of the
3154:
2978:
2866:
1973:
1548:weakened the power of the
1531:, Chancellor of the Realm)
1366:, imperial court official)
1131:
566:, who were vagabonds, the
243:families or by serving in
29:
12944:Japanese historical terms
12888:
12829:
12721:
12689:
12656:
12582:
12554:
12541:
12528:
12446:
12403:
12363:
12345:
12264:
12182:
12142:
12051:
12044:
11999:
11902:
11898:
11885:
11748:
11702:
11698:
11669:
11590:
11504:
11437:
11377:
11335:
11277:
11231:
11185:
11132:
11058:
10989:
10934:
10837:
10828:
10775:
10701:
10662:
10613:
10514:
10505:
9967:(in French). 19 June 2014
9803:10.1017/s1743921311012749
9512:Samurai Armies, 1550–1615
9491:Samurai Armies, 1550–1615
9275:Stephen Turnbull (2008).
9211:Archery: steps to success
9144:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
8509:28#4 (1973), pp. 427–446
8468:Pacific Historical Review
7366:Imperial Household Agency
7325:www.kamakura-burabura.com
6755:
6711:
6681:
6341:Cummins, Anthony (2012).
6311:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
6165:celebrates the legacy of
6151:
6078:Samurai Sentai Shinkenger
6015:Muramasa: The Demon Blade
6009:Requiem from the Darkness
5850:films, television shows,
5766:
5339:at Himeji Castle Festival
5222:siege of Nagashino Castle
5120:
5068:
5052:
4492:
4307:and became popular among
4269:
4061:, and to a lesser extent
3742:
3562:European missions in 1862
3407:Samurai in Southeast Asia
3351:
3334:
3315:
3214:
3121:
3106:
3048:
3027:
2997:
2928:and Korean forces at the
2505:
2490:
2469:
2226:
2211:
2182:
2161:
2141:Imperial Household Agency
1976:Mongol invasions of Japan
1950:gather to defend against
1656:
1560:, abdicated and became a
1527:
1510:
1493:
1399:
1378:
1362:
1260:
1066:
1025:
1004:
961:
938:
903:
876:
846:
825:could, and only samurai (
797:
778:
755:
740:
725:
698:
656:
637:
622:
594:
575:
560:
543:
507:
488:
471:
450:
427:
309:
288:
166:
12862:Pre-industrial East Asia
11610:National Treasure swords
10401:. 60.2 (2001): 353–380.
10347:(Oldcastle Books, 2010).
9582:(Oldcastle Books, 2010).
9544:Rich (8 December 2014).
9024:
8989:
8961:
8855:Zen and Japanese culture
8824:Zen and Japanese culture
8493:18 November 2017 at the
8484:Journal of Asian Studies
8436:
8378:
8346:
8294:Virginia Schomp (1998).
8267:Murphy, Taggart (2014).
8240:Murphy, Taggart (2014).
8213:Murphy, Taggart (2014).
8186:Murphy, Taggart (2014).
8159:Murphy, Taggart (2014).
8069:
8038:
8007:
7972:
7777:William E. Deal (2006).
7625:
7597:
7569:
7537:
7509:
7477:
7380:
7198:
7160:
7129:
7098:
7052:
7020:
6981:Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten
6949:Harvard University Press
6914:
6882:
6846:
6794:
6605:
6564:
6482:
6447:
6370:. Taylor & Francis.
6236:List of Japanese battles
4561:
4474:
4318:and samurai. During the
4260:poems were also used as
4237:(Japanese football game)
4083:("Hidden in Leaves") by
3762:
3434:Dutch East India Company
501:samuraihon or saburaibon
300:, meaning 'warrior', or
32:Samurai (disambiguation)
11910:Administrative detainee
10277:The Lost Samurai School
9961:"April/May/June Events"
9448:. PHP研究所. p. 375.
9141:Samurai Women 1184–1877
8593:H. Paul Varley (2000).
8532:(Spring 1977): 448–466.
8128:Oxford University Press
7855:Yasuka (24 July 2017).
7735:Kazuhiko Inada (2020),
7715:Kazuhiko Inada (2020),
7442:Kazuhiko Inada (2020),
6182:historical reenactments
5469:, "government from the
4969:. Wearing a long sword
4106:
3600:in the bakumatsu period
3586:Late Tokugawa shogunate
3436:, and the Thais of the
3077:, died of illness, and
3004:Tenka wakeme no tatakai
2752:Between 1601 and 1609,
1617:armor, carrying a bow (
1300:traditional aristocracy
1156:Following the death of
1100:, who were low-ranking
628:came from the powerful
151:Hand-colored photograph
12326:
11133:Chain and rope weapons
10458:The Way of the Samurai
10453:History of the Samurai
10253:Coleridge, Henry James
10241:(Running Press, 2010)
10230:55.55 (2006): 6:37–55
9113:Wert, Michael (2019).
8486:19.4 (1960): 433–444.
8470:(1959) 28#3: 255–266.
8096:MartialArtSwords.com.
6999:www.countriesquest.com
6943:William Wayne Farris,
6847:天正拾九年六月廿三日付 豊臣秀次条目について
6343:In Search of the Ninja
6186:Guinness World Records
6093:
6070:The television series
5872:(literally historical
5516:
5504:
4926:
4652:
4539:
4472:
4450:
4437:Father Ignatius Loyola
4433:
4418:
4386:
4322:, the appreciation of
4226:(Japanese dance-drama)
4203:
4174:
4161:
4039:
3999:
3977:
3940:
3907:
3894:
3881:
3866:
3851:
3822:
3778:
3722:
3679:
3601:
3474:
3420:
3178:
3033:Council of Five Elders
3011:
2969:Council of Five Elders
2955:
2891:deployed them to Korea
2886:
2835:
2797:
2761:
2756:extensively renovated
2744:Azuchi–Momoyama period
2454:
2422:
2254:
2096:
2020:
2017:Battle of Torikai-Gata
1809:
1776:Minamoto no Yoshitsune
1722:Minamoto no Yoshitsune
1630:
1613:on horseback, wearing
1321:
1280:Sakanoue no Tamuramaro
1231:
1176:of 702, and the later
1153:
1137:Asuka and Nara periods
1053:status of samurai and
687:Azuchi–Momoyama period
517:was called a samurai.
157:
12939:Japanese caste system
12867:Pre-industrial Europe
11059:Samurai accoutrements
10972:Mail and plate armour
10446:28 April 2019 at the
10366:Wilson, William Scott
10289:Jaundrill, D. Colin.
10209:39.3 (2015): 529–530.
10156:"Shingen-ko Festival"
9694:on 11 September 2010.
9640:10.1386/cij.3.3.221_1
9514:. Osprey Publishing.
9493:. Osprey Publishing.
8995:Kokugakuin University
8555:Mansel G. Blackford.
8530:The Japan Interpreter
8442:National Diet Library
8039:新説!豊臣家を滅ぼした「組織運営」の大失敗
7834:. Brill. p. 26.
7302:. J. Murray. p.
6984:, fifth edition, 1997
6800:National Diet Library
6795:戦国時代に帰農した武士はいたか、知りたい。
6491:Ochanomizu University
6220:Samurai Museum Berlin
6198:Japanese Sword Museum
6091:
6073:Power Rangers Samurai
5991:The Tale of the Heike
5919:The Magnificent Seven
5897:Star Wars: A New Hope
5826:Further information:
5691:Owes its name to the
5540:as the forerunner of
5514:
5490:
5108:Battle of Shizugatake
4924:
4899:Japanese martial arts
4870:A samurai class woman
4760:female imperial ruler
4645:by Shitomi Kangetsu,
4641:
4550:A samurai could take
4534:
4455:
4445:
4426:
4413:
4378:
4303:were promoted by the
4289:are famous for their
4190:
4165:
4151:
4034:
3994:
3972:screen depicting the
3967:
3930:
3902:
3889:
3876:
3856:
3846:
3825:In the 13th century,
3816:
3773:
3705:
3667:
3621:naval training school
3593:
3465:
3414:
3164:
3052:, Five Commissioners)
2988:
2942:
2876:
2829:
2795:
2751:
2428:
2409:
2238:
2090:
2006:
1806:Tokyo National Museum
1793:
1754:Minamoto no Yoshinaka
1680:Minamoto no Yoshitomo
1633:During the reigns of
1611:Minamoto no Yoshihira
1605:
1539:Fujiwara no Yorimichi
1535:Fujiwara no Michinaga
1349:Fujiwara no Korechika
1312:
1205:
1144:
1084:to samurai than from
704:, the lowest-ranking
344:Originally, the word
144:
12964:Obsolete occupations
12724: or countries
12535:By country or region
11773:Class discrimination
11186:Clubs and truncheons
10432:at Wikimedia Commons
10313:History of Religions
10286:(Amber Books, 2015).
10237:Clements, Jonathan.
10207:Asian Studies Review
10137:on 29 September 2018
9937:www.visit-matsue.com
9727:ASIANetwork Exchange
8626:Toland John (1970).
8102:MartialArtSwords.com
7656:Noel Perrin (1979).
6613:on 20 September 2020
6178:Yamanashi Prefecture
5931:A Fistful of Dollars
5788:in 1899, studies of
5538:Battle of Sekigahara
5536:participated in the
5499:Minamoto no Tametomo
5486:Minamoto no Tametomo
5463:and represented the
5176:Clubs and truncheons
4756:Chrysanthemum Throne
4600:improve this section
4167:The warriors in the
4099:and Zen philosophy.
4049:Religious influences
4015:William Scott Wilson
3974:Battle of Sekigahara
3896:Nobushige's brother
3817:A samurai holding a
3095:Battle of Sekigahara
2991:Battle of Sekigahara
2981:Battle of Sekigahara
2975:Battle of Sekigahara
2604:On the battlefield,
2539:during this period.
2369:The outbreak of the
1849:set up the shogunate
1814:Minamoto no Yoritomo
1780:Battle of Dan-no-ura
1772:Minamoto no Noriyori
1768:Minamoto no Yoritomo
1668:Emperor Go-Shirakawa
1329:Fujiwara no Tadahira
1128:, by changing jobs.
317:William Scott Wilson
255:, by changing jobs.
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
12256:Vanniar (Chieftain)
10702:Polearms and spears
10350:Turnbull, Stephen.
10293:(Cornell UP, 2016).
10261:. Forgotten Books.
10216:(Oxford UP, 2014).
10197:New Views on Gender
9965:Matsue Travel Guide
9794:2011IAUS..278..308R
9593:"Way of the sword"
9532:David "Race" Bannon
9261:Turnbull, Stephen.
9194:Turnbull, Stephen.
9077:Murray, S. (2009).
8507:Monumenta Nipponica
8448:on 23 February 2023
8416:on 28 November 2023
8358:on 14 February 2024
8130:. pp. 35, 84.
7637:on 29 February 2024
7199:鎌倉幕府は何年に成立?正解を言えますか
6824:Morillo, Stephen. “
6146:Shingen-ko Festival
6103:Shingen-ko Festival
6055:of its popularity,
5903:The Hidden Fortress
5573:Military formations
5552:. He fought with a
4703:Matsudaira Nobuyasu
4650: 18th century
3921:Japan's major clans
3887:(1525–1561) stated:
3623:was established in
3530:Philip III of Spain
3393:Edo, 1865 or 1866.
2952:Tsukioka Yoshitoshi
2832:Battle of Nagashino
2574:(Imperial Regent).
2499:kokujin or kunibito
2393:Shimabara Rebellion
2257:The innovations of
2025:great stone barrier
1623:) and arrows in an
1592:in the 11th century
1403:, vengeful spirits)
1341:Fujiwara no Haruaki
858:in the Edo period.
12934:Combat occupations
12837:18th-century Spain
12691:Standard of living
12395:Upper middle class
12390:Lower middle class
11981:Political prisoner
11763:Chattering classes
11735:Spoon class theory
10663:Knives and daggers
10296:Kinmonth, Earl H.
10199:15 (2015): 30–37.
10046:joetsukankonavi.jp
10017:"Kenshin Festival"
9621:on 9 January 2015.
9054:A history of Japan
9001:on 5 December 2022
8384:The Hiroshima Bank
8326:on 8 February 2023
7939:Cartwright, Mark.
7920:. 16 December 2020
7884:Cartwright, Mark.
7517:on 6 December 2022
7489:on 31 January 2023
6968:A History of Japan
6915:若党(わかとう)/中間(ちゅうげん)
6184:in Japan. In 2012
6158:Shingen-ko Matsuri
6094:
5822:In popular culture
5812:Kusunoki Masashige
5600:(birds in flight)
5542:Fukushima Masanori
5517:
4941:, swords from the
4927:
4748:Tachibana Ginchiyo
4724:Ashikaga Yoshimasa
4683:political marriage
4653:
4540:
4536:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
4387:
4365:Ashikaga Yoshimasa
4305:Ashikaga shogunate
4204:
4085:Yamamoto Tsunetomo
4009:The translator of
3978:
3953:Tsunetomo Yamamoto
3944:Nabeshima Naoshige
3941:
3867:
3823:
3782:St. Francis Xavier
3723:
3680:
3602:
3558:US mission in 1860
3521:, a vassal of the
3519:Hasekura Tsunenaga
3504:Philip II of Spain
3475:
3467:Hasekura Tsunenaga
3421:
3179:
3176:Tokugawa shogunate
3151:Tokugawa shogunate
3064:Toyotomi Hidetsugu
3012:
2956:
2944:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
2887:
2863:Invasions of Korea
2839:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
2836:
2807:area (once called
2798:
2770:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
2762:
2599:Tanegashima island
2562:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
2511:. In other words,
2455:
2423:
2255:
2248:Nanboku-chō period
2133:Nanboku-chō period
2125:Ashikaga Shogunate
2123:, established the
2097:
2021:
1990:Pure Land Buddhism
1810:
1631:
1607:Taira no Shigemori
1562:cloistered emperor
1322:
1232:
1154:
890:Tokugawa shogunate
803:, servants of the
678:and that the term
433:, which refers to
195:Kamakura shogunate
158:
12954:Japanese warriors
12949:Japanese nobility
12906:
12905:
12884:
12883:
12880:
12879:
12717:
12716:
12524:
12523:
12520:
12519:
12516:
12515:
12418:Lumpenproletariat
11920:illegal immigrant
11881:
11880:
11793:Classless society
11623:
11622:
11519:Edo period police
10985:
10984:
10842:Auxiliary armours
10658:
10657:
10428:Media related to
10307:Vol. 2015. No. 1.
10268:978-1-4510-0048-1
10222:978-0-19-870662-5
10188:Absolon, Trevor.
9788:(S278): 308–314.
9754:Los Angeles Times
9716:on 19 March 2014.
9595:Los Angeles Times
9591:Charles Solomon,
9315:978-1-4728-2224-6
9288:978-4-8053-0956-8
9248:978-1-4027-6312-0
9221:978-0-7360-5542-0
9181:978-0-415-32963-7
9151:978-1-78096-333-4
9124:978-0-19-093294-7
9103:Coleridge, p. 345
9064:978-0-8048-2097-4
9032:on 4 October 2023
8925:978-0-495-50262-3
8890:Coleridge, p. 100
8865:978-0-691-01770-9
8838:978-0-691-01770-9
8775:978-0-7674-2011-2
8748:978-4-87378-389-5
8612:978-0-8248-2152-4
8583:Coleridge, p. 237
8390:on 24 August 2022
8137:978-0-19-068510-2
7984:on 8 January 2023
7861:KCP International
7841:978-90-04-48918-9
7745:978-4-651-20040-8
7725:978-4-651-20040-8
7671:978-0-87923-773-8
7631:The Asahi Shimbun
7463:甲冑の歴史(南北朝時代~室町時代)
7452:978-4-651-20040-8
7270:978-1-60153-123-0
6655:978-0-19-068507-2
6530:978-0-89750-081-4
6345:. History Press.
5752:
5751:
5420:Combat techniques
5308:Antique Japanese
5293:Antique Japanese
4919:
4918:
4784:Kasuga no Tsubone
4672:in an art called
4636:
4635:
4628:
4422:St Francis Xavier
4396:Some samurai had
4287:Takasugi Shinsaku
4215:(Japanese poetry)
4130:Examples such as
3911:Asakura Yoshikage
3837:) "portrayed the
3728:Meiji restoration
3508:Pope Gregory XIII
3438:Ayutthaya Kingdom
3251:Athens and Sparta
3060:Toyotomi Hidenaga
3056:Toyotomi Hideyori
2930:Battle of Sacheon
2911:Shimazu Yoshihiro
2849:revolutionaries.
2776:, was located in
2429:Large numbers of
2259:Sōshū swordsmiths
2188:and allowing the
1967:Battle of Yashima
1904:also came with a
1676:Taira no Kiyomori
1635:Emperor Shirakawa
1420:(long sword) and
1386:Taira no Sadamori
1325:Taira no Masakado
1314:Taira no Masakado
946:or higher status
352:In modern usage,
261:Meiji Restoration
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
12971:
12896:
12895:
12723:
12624:Mexican-American
12552:
12551:
12543:
12542:
12530:
12529:
12331:
12274:Business magnate
12164:Knowledge worker
12049:
12048:
11937:dual or multiple
11900:
11899:
11887:
11886:
11841:Social exclusion
11836:Social cleansing
11750:
11700:
11699:
11689:Economic classes
11650:
11643:
11636:
11627:
11626:
11600:Weapons of Japan
10835:
10834:
10776:Practice weapons
10752:Torimono sandōgu
10512:
10511:
10494:
10487:
10480:
10471:
10470:
10427:
10385:
10343:Thorne, Roland.
10340:
10272:
10176:
10175:
10173:
10171:
10166:on 31 March 2019
10152:
10146:
10145:
10144:
10142:
10136:
10129:
10118:
10112:
10111:
10109:
10107:
10093:
10087:
10086:
10084:
10082:
10077:on 15 April 2021
10073:. Archived from
10063:
10057:
10056:
10054:
10052:
10038:
10032:
10031:
10029:
10027:
10012:
10003:
10002:
10000:
9998:
9983:
9977:
9976:
9974:
9972:
9957:
9948:
9947:
9945:
9943:
9929:
9923:
9922:
9920:
9918:
9904:
9893:
9892:
9890:
9888:
9883:on 15 April 2021
9879:. Archived from
9869:
9863:
9862:
9860:
9858:
9844:
9838:
9837:
9831:
9823:
9821:
9819:
9805:
9779:
9770:
9764:
9761:
9744:
9742:
9740:10.16995/ane.200
9717:
9708:Moscardi, Nino.
9704:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9686:
9682:"Global Samurai"
9676:
9659:
9622:
9617:. Archived from
9605:
9599:
9589:
9583:
9576:
9570:
9567:
9561:
9560:
9558:
9556:
9541:
9535:
9529:
9523:
9508:
9502:
9487:
9481:
9466:
9460:
9459:
9441:
9428:
9425:
9416:
9401:
9392:
9389:
9383:
9368:
9362:
9359:
9353:
9350:
9344:
9341:
9332:
9329:
9320:
9319:
9299:
9293:
9292:
9272:
9266:
9259:
9253:
9252:
9232:
9226:
9225:
9205:
9199:
9192:
9186:
9185:
9162:
9156:
9155:
9135:
9129:
9128:
9110:
9104:
9101:
9095:
9092:
9086:
9075:
9069:
9068:
9048:
9042:
9041:
9039:
9037:
9020:
9011:
9010:
9008:
9006:
8985:
8979:
8978:
8976:
8974:
8969:on 27 April 2024
8957:
8951:
8948:
8942:
8939:
8930:
8929:
8909:
8903:
8900:
8891:
8888:
8882:
8876:
8870:
8869:
8849:
8843:
8842:
8818:
8812:
8809:
8803:
8800:
8794:
8793:
8790:"Last Statement"
8786:
8780:
8779:
8759:
8753:
8752:
8732:
8726:
8723:
8717:
8714:
8708:
8705:
8699:
8696:
8690:
8687:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8670:
8664:
8661:
8655:
8649:
8643:
8640:
8634:
8633:
8623:
8617:
8616:
8600:
8597:Japanese culture
8590:
8584:
8581:
8575:
8574:
8572:
8570:
8565:on 7 August 2020
8552:
8546:
8541:Andrew Cobbing,
8539:
8533:
8526:
8520:
8503:
8497:
8480:
8474:
8464:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8453:
8444:. Archived from
8432:
8426:
8425:
8423:
8421:
8406:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8395:
8374:
8368:
8367:
8365:
8363:
8342:
8336:
8335:
8333:
8331:
8316:
8310:
8309:
8291:
8285:
8284:
8264:
8258:
8257:
8237:
8231:
8230:
8210:
8204:
8203:
8183:
8177:
8176:
8156:
8150:
8149:
8119:
8113:
8112:
8110:
8108:
8093:
8087:
8086:
8084:
8082:
8077:on 10 March 2024
8065:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8051:
8046:on 21 April 2021
8034:
8025:
8024:
8022:
8020:
8015:on 27 March 2023
8003:
7994:
7993:
7991:
7989:
7980:. Archived from
7968:
7959:
7958:
7953:
7951:
7936:
7930:
7929:
7927:
7925:
7910:
7904:
7903:
7898:
7896:
7881:
7875:
7874:
7869:
7867:
7852:
7846:
7845:
7825:
7819:
7818:
7816:
7814:
7799:
7793:
7792:
7774:
7759:
7753:
7747:
7733:
7727:
7713:
7707:
7701:
7695:
7689:
7683:
7682:
7680:
7678:
7663:
7653:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7642:
7621:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7610:
7605:on 17 March 2024
7593:
7587:
7586:
7584:
7582:
7565:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7554:
7533:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7505:
7499:
7498:
7496:
7494:
7485:. Archived from
7472:
7466:
7460:
7454:
7440:
7434:
7421:
7410:
7404:
7398:
7397:
7395:
7393:
7388:on 17 March 2024
7376:
7367:
7361:
7355:
7354:
7352:
7350:
7335:
7329:
7328:
7317:
7311:
7310:
7308:tokimune behead.
7293:
7287:
7281:
7275:
7274:
7256:
7250:
7249:
7231:
7225:
7222:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7211:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7183:
7178:on 14 March 2024
7177:
7171:. Archived from
7166:
7156:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7142:
7137:on 12 March 2024
7125:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7111:
7094:
7085:
7079:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7065:
7060:on 14 March 2024
7048:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7032:on 13 March 2024
7016:
7007:
7006:
6991:
6985:
6977:
6971:
6965:
6959:
6941:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6927:
6910:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6899:
6890:. Archived from
6878:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6856:Aichi Prefecture
6842:
6833:
6822:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6811:
6802:. Archived from
6790:
6784:
6783:
6766:
6758:
6757:
6746:
6740:
6739:
6722:
6714:
6713:
6702:
6696:
6695:
6686:
6684:
6683:
6672:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6629:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6601:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6560:
6543:
6542:
6516:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6505:
6499:
6493:. Archived from
6488:
6478:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6455:. Archived from
6443:
6432:
6431:
6391:
6382:
6381:
6368:Warfare in Japan
6363:
6357:
6356:
6338:
6332:
6329:
6323:
6322:
6302:
6210:Ōyamazumi Shrine
6204:Matsumoto Castle
6164:
6163:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6040:was initially a
5997:Samurai Champloo
5835:gunki monogatari
5808:Akechi Mitsuhide
5792:and traditional
5777:
5775:
5769:
5768:
5755:Myth and reality
5748:
5727:
5706:
5677:
5656:
5631:
5610:
5580:
5579:
5569:or "ear mound".
5502:
5407:
5388:
5376:
5364:
5348:
5335:Reenactors with
5332:
5320:
5305:
5290:
5278:
5262:
5250:
5123:
5122:
5071:
5070:
5055:
5054:
5024:, an asymmetric
4914:
4911:
4888:
4887:
4880:
4867:
4848:
4833:
4824:
4821:
4808:
4798:
4795:
4786:fighting robbers
4779:
4651:
4648:
4631:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4611:
4580:
4572:
4495:
4494:
4409:Asakura Norikage
4384:Osaka University
4361:Ashikaga Takauji
4348:
4347:(small tea room)
4345:
4317:
4314:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4265:
4253:
4250:
4238:
4235:
4227:
4224:
4216:
4213:
4201:
4200:(small tea room)
4198:
4169:Heike Monogatari
4136:Heike Monogatari
4093:Miyamoto Musashi
4028:(1521–1573) was
3909:The feudal lord
3885:Takeda Nobushige
3745:
3744:
3707:Iinuma Sadakichi
3678:
3675:
3570:Fukuzawa Yukichi
3550:Matthew C. Perry
3386:
3375:Tsutaya Jūzaburō
3356:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3330:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3311:
3301:
3285:
3277:
3274:
3255:Tokugawa Iemitsu
3219:
3217:
3216:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3102:
3087:Ishida Mitsunari
3053:
3051:
3050:
3044:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3023:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2907:Konishi Yukinaga
2821:Akechi Mitsuhide
2730:
2724:
2718:
2707:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2665:
2657:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2609:
2596:
2584:
2543:was examples of
2510:
2509:, local masters)
2508:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2416:
2352:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2303:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2268:
2245:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2207:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2137:Muromachi period
2117:Ashikaga Takauji
2082:
2079:
2065:
2009:Takezaki Suenaga
1963:
1943:
1933:
1927:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1765:
1762:
1742:Prince Mochihito
1734:Emperor Takakura
1714:
1699:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1585:
1546:Emperor Go-Sanjo
1532:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1489:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1427:
1419:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1345:Hitachi province
1263:
1262:
1226:(samurai sword)
1193:
1119:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1045:, the status of
1032:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1000:
966:
964:
963:
957:
945:
943:
942:
934:
908:
906:
905:
899:
881:
879:
878:
872:
853:
851:
850:
842:
808:
802:
801:
793:
783:
781:
780:
774:
762:
760:
759:
751:
745:
743:
742:
736:
730:
728:
727:
721:
710:Separation Edict
703:
701:
700:
694:
661:
659:
658:
652:
644:
642:
641:
633:
627:
625:
624:
618:
599:
597:
596:
590:
582:
580:
579:
571:
565:
563:
562:
556:
548:
546:
545:
539:
522:Muromachi period
512:
510:
509:
503:
493:
491:
490:
484:
478:
476:
475:
467:
457:
455:
454:
446:
432:
430:
429:
423:
404:
403:
400:
392:
391:
388:
314:
312:
311:
299:
297:
291:
290:
250:
242:
234:
231:
200:
173:
171:
170:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
12979:
12978:
12974:
12973:
12972:
12970:
12969:
12968:
12909:
12908:
12907:
12902:
12876:
12825:
12713:
12685:
12652:
12636:Underprivileged
12578:
12537:
12536:
12512:
12442:
12399:
12359:
12341:
12260:
12178:
12138:
12040:
11995:
11894:
11893:
11877:
11856:Social position
11846:Social mobility
11744:
11694:
11665:
11664:
11654:
11624:
11619:
11605:Japanese swords
11595:Japanese armour
11586:
11500:
11433:
11373:
11331:
11273:
11227:
11181:
11128:
11054:
10981:
10930:
10824:
10771:
10697:
10654:
10638:Sword polishing
10633:Sword mountings
10609:
10501:
10498:
10448:Wayback Machine
10420:
10415:
10407:10.2307/2659697
10392:
10382:
10269:
10212:Benesch, Oleg.
10184:
10179:
10169:
10167:
10154:
10153:
10149:
10140:
10138:
10134:
10127:
10119:
10115:
10105:
10103:
10095:
10094:
10090:
10080:
10078:
10065:
10064:
10060:
10050:
10048:
10040:
10039:
10035:
10025:
10023:
10013:
10006:
9996:
9994:
9984:
9980:
9970:
9968:
9959:
9958:
9951:
9941:
9939:
9931:
9930:
9926:
9916:
9914:
9906:
9905:
9896:
9886:
9884:
9871:
9870:
9866:
9856:
9854:
9846:
9845:
9841:
9825:
9824:
9817:
9815:
9777:
9771:
9767:
9705:
9701:
9691:
9684:
9662:
9606:
9602:
9590:
9586:
9578:Roland Thorne,
9577:
9573:
9568:
9564:
9554:
9552:
9542:
9538:
9530:
9526:
9509:
9505:
9488:
9484:
9467:
9463:
9456:
9446:戦国武将名言録 (PHP文庫)
9442:
9431:
9426:
9419:
9402:
9395:
9390:
9386:
9369:
9365:
9360:
9356:
9351:
9347:
9342:
9335:
9330:
9323:
9316:
9300:
9296:
9289:
9273:
9269:
9260:
9256:
9249:
9233:
9229:
9222:
9206:
9202:
9193:
9189:
9182:
9163:
9159:
9152:
9136:
9132:
9125:
9111:
9107:
9102:
9098:
9093:
9089:
9076:
9072:
9065:
9049:
9045:
9035:
9033:
9026:
9022:
9021:
9014:
9004:
9002:
8993:(in Japanese).
8991:
8987:
8986:
8982:
8972:
8970:
8963:
8959:
8958:
8954:
8949:
8945:
8940:
8933:
8926:
8910:
8906:
8901:
8894:
8889:
8885:
8877:
8873:
8866:
8850:
8846:
8839:
8819:
8815:
8810:
8806:
8801:
8797:
8788:
8787:
8783:
8776:
8760:
8756:
8749:
8733:
8729:
8724:
8720:
8715:
8711:
8706:
8702:
8697:
8693:
8688:
8684:
8676:
8672:
8671:
8667:
8662:
8658:
8652:Carl Steenstrup
8650:
8646:
8641:
8637:
8624:
8620:
8613:
8591:
8587:
8582:
8578:
8568:
8566:
8553:
8549:
8540:
8536:
8527:
8523:
8515:10.2307/2383560
8504:
8500:
8495:Wayback Machine
8481:
8477:
8465:
8461:
8451:
8449:
8440:(in Japanese).
8438:
8434:
8433:
8429:
8419:
8417:
8408:
8407:
8403:
8393:
8391:
8380:
8379:「異国で王になった男」山田長政
8376:
8375:
8371:
8361:
8359:
8352:Wako University
8350:(in Japanese).
8348:
8344:
8343:
8339:
8329:
8327:
8318:
8317:
8313:
8306:
8292:
8288:
8281:
8265:
8261:
8254:
8238:
8234:
8227:
8211:
8207:
8200:
8184:
8180:
8173:
8157:
8153:
8138:
8120:
8116:
8106:
8104:
8094:
8090:
8080:
8078:
8071:
8067:
8066:
8059:
8049:
8047:
8040:
8036:
8035:
8028:
8018:
8016:
8009:
8005:
8004:
7997:
7987:
7985:
7976:(in Japanese).
7974:
7970:
7969:
7962:
7949:
7947:
7937:
7933:
7923:
7921:
7912:
7911:
7907:
7894:
7892:
7882:
7878:
7865:
7863:
7853:
7849:
7842:
7826:
7822:
7812:
7810:
7800:
7796:
7789:
7775:
7762:
7754:
7750:
7734:
7730:
7714:
7710:
7702:
7698:
7690:
7686:
7676:
7674:
7672:
7654:
7650:
7640:
7638:
7629:(in Japanese).
7627:
7623:
7622:
7618:
7608:
7606:
7599:
7595:
7594:
7590:
7580:
7578:
7577:on 7 March 2024
7571:
7567:
7566:
7562:
7552:
7550:
7549:on 7 March 2024
7541:(in Japanese).
7539:
7535:
7534:
7530:
7520:
7518:
7511:
7507:
7506:
7502:
7492:
7490:
7481:(in Japanese).
7479:
7473:
7469:
7461:
7457:
7441:
7437:
7422:
7413:
7405:
7401:
7391:
7389:
7382:
7378:
7377:
7370:
7362:
7358:
7348:
7346:
7345:. 26 April 2017
7337:
7336:
7332:
7319:
7318:
7314:
7294:
7290:
7282:
7278:
7271:
7257:
7253:
7246:
7232:
7228:
7223:
7219:
7209:
7207:
7200:
7196:
7195:
7191:
7181:
7179:
7175:
7167:(in Japanese).
7164:
7162:
7158:
7157:
7150:
7140:
7138:
7131:
7127:
7126:
7119:
7109:
7107:
7100:
7096:
7095:
7088:
7080:
7073:
7063:
7061:
7054:
7050:
7049:
7045:
7035:
7033:
7024:(in Japanese).
7022:
7018:
7017:
7010:
6993:
6992:
6988:
6978:
6974:
6966:
6962:
6942:
6935:
6925:
6923:
6922:on 19 July 2024
6916:
6912:
6911:
6907:
6897:
6895:
6894:on 19 July 2024
6886:(in Japanese).
6884:
6880:
6879:
6875:
6865:
6863:
6862:on 19 July 2024
6850:(in Japanese).
6848:
6844:
6843:
6836:
6823:
6819:
6809:
6807:
6806:on 28 July 2024
6798:(in Japanese).
6796:
6792:
6791:
6787:
6753:
6748:
6747:
6743:
6723:(in Japanese),
6709:
6704:
6703:
6699:
6687:(in Japanese),
6679:
6674:
6673:
6669:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6630:
6626:
6616:
6614:
6607:
6603:
6602:
6585:
6575:
6573:
6566:
6562:
6561:
6546:
6531:
6517:
6513:
6503:
6501:
6500:on 16 July 2024
6497:
6489:(in Japanese).
6486:
6484:
6480:
6479:
6472:
6462:
6460:
6459:on 19 July 2024
6451:(in Japanese).
6449:
6445:
6444:
6435:
6412:10.2307/2659697
6392:
6385:
6378:
6364:
6360:
6353:
6339:
6335:
6330:
6326:
6319:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6290:
6241:List of samurai
6231:
6214:Ōmishima Island
6194:
6192:Samurai museums
6161:
6148:
6086:
6034:Takashi Okazaki
5951:Throne of Blood
5830:
5824:
5763:
5757:
5737:
5716:
5687:
5666:
5641:
5620:
5599:
5575:
5550:Tokugawa Ieyasu
5509:
5507:Head collection
5503:
5497:
5422:
5415:
5408:
5399:
5397:Kamakura period
5389:
5380:
5377:
5368:
5365:
5356:
5349:
5340:
5333:
5324:
5321:
5312:
5306:
5297:
5291:
5282:
5279:
5270:
5265:Diagram of the
5263:
5254:
5251:
5112:Shibata Katsuie
4932:Japanese swords
4915:
4909:
4906:
4889:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4868:
4859:
4849:
4840:
4834:
4825:
4822:
4809:
4800:
4796:
4780:
4699:Tokugawa Ieyasu
4649:
4632:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4597:
4581:
4570:
4564:
4529:
4477:
4435:In a letter to
4430:
4373:
4346:
4315:
4279:Hosokawa Gracia
4266:
4251:
4236:
4225:
4214:
4199:
4185:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4109:
4051:
3831:Carl Steenstrup
3811:
3809:Kiri-sute gomen
3801:
3769:Ignatius Loyola
3765:
3760:
3700:
3676:
3651:Enomoto Takeaki
3588:
3582:
3574:10,000 yen note
3477:In 1582, three
3460:
3442:Yamada Nagamasa
3417:Yamada Nagamasa
3409:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3392:
3387:
3373:by working for
3365:. For example,
3348:
3331:
3312:
3275:
3211:
3208:kiri-sute gomen
3166:Tokugawa Ieyasu
3159:
3153:
3125:, Western Army)
3118:
3110:, Eastern Army)
3103:
3097:, in which the
3079:Tokugawa Ieyasu
3045:
3024:
3007:
2994:
2983:
2977:
2871:
2865:
2843:Tokugawa Ieyasu
2790:
2746:
2624:. As a result,
2531:. For example,
2502:
2494:, deputy Shugo)
2487:
2466:
2397:Azuchi–Momoyama
2367:
2252:Important Sword
2223:
2215:, feudal lords)
2208:
2179:
2158:
2121:Emperor Godaigo
2113:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2071:
2066:
1978:
1970:
1969:folding screens
1964:
1955:
1946:Samurai of the
1944:
1860:Kamakura period
1845:Kamakura bakufu
1840:Sei'i Taishōgun
1812:The victorious
1802:Kamakura period
1788:
1766:. In response,
1763:
1760:Sei-i Taishōgun
1730:Taira no Tokuko
1724:
1715:
1706:
1703:Heiji rebellion
1700:
1684:Heiji rebellion
1672:Hōgen rebellion
1653:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1566:cloistered rule
1524:
1507:
1490:
1476:
1396:
1375:
1359:
1256:sei'i-taishōgun
1228:Ko-Gitsune Maru
1200:
1139:
1134:
1063:
1022:
1001:
958:
935:
900:
880:, feudal lords)
873:
843:
794:
775:
752:
737:
722:
695:
653:
634:
619:
591:
572:
557:
547:, feudal lords)
540:
504:
485:
468:
447:
424:
414:Kamakura period
401:
394:
393:and Sixth Ranks
389:
382:
366:
335:appears in the
306:
295:[bɯ.ɕi]
285:
277:
232:
163:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Bushi (warrior)
15:
12:
11:
5:
12977:
12967:
12966:
12961:
12956:
12951:
12946:
12941:
12936:
12931:
12926:
12921:
12904:
12903:
12901:
12900:
12889:
12886:
12885:
12882:
12881:
12878:
12877:
12875:
12874:
12869:
12864:
12859:
12857:Ottoman Empire
12854:
12849:
12844:
12842:Ancient Greece
12839:
12833:
12831:
12827:
12826:
12824:
12823:
12818:
12816:United Kingdom
12813:
12808:
12803:
12798:
12793:
12788:
12783:
12778:
12773:
12768:
12763:
12758:
12753:
12748:
12743:
12738:
12733:
12727:
12725:
12719:
12718:
12715:
12714:
12712:
12711:
12709:Home-ownership
12706:
12701:
12695:
12693:
12687:
12686:
12684:
12683:
12678:
12673:
12668:
12662:
12660:
12654:
12653:
12651:
12650:
12649:
12648:
12643:
12633:
12632:
12631:
12626:
12621:
12611:
12610:
12609:
12604:
12599:
12588:
12586:
12580:
12579:
12577:
12576:
12571:
12566:
12564:American Dream
12561:
12555:
12549:
12539:
12538:
12526:
12525:
12522:
12521:
12518:
12517:
12514:
12513:
12511:
12510:
12505:
12496:
12491:
12486:
12477:
12468:
12463:
12458:
12452:
12450:
12444:
12443:
12441:
12440:
12435:
12430:
12425:
12420:
12415:
12409:
12407:
12401:
12400:
12398:
12397:
12392:
12387:
12382:
12381:
12380:
12369:
12367:
12361:
12360:
12358:
12357:
12351:
12349:
12343:
12342:
12340:
12339:
12332:
12323:
12318:
12313:
12308:
12307:
12306:
12301:
12291:
12286:
12281:
12276:
12270:
12268:
12262:
12261:
12259:
12258:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12229:
12224:
12219:
12214:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12188:
12186:
12180:
12179:
12177:
12176:
12171:
12166:
12161:
12160:
12159:
12148:
12146:
12140:
12139:
12137:
12136:
12131:
12130:
12129:
12124:
12123:
12122:
12107:
12106:
12105:
12100:
12092:
12091:
12090:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12069:
12068:
12057:
12055:
12046:
12042:
12041:
12039:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12023:
12018:
12013:
12007:
12005:
11997:
11996:
11994:
11993:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11976:Migrant worker
11973:
11968:
11967:
11966:
11956:
11955:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11929:
11928:
11927:
11922:
11912:
11906:
11904:
11896:
11895:
11892:By demographic
11883:
11882:
11879:
11878:
11876:
11875:
11872:Status Anxiety
11868:
11863:
11858:
11853:
11848:
11843:
11838:
11833:
11828:
11826:Ranked society
11823:
11818:
11805:
11800:
11795:
11790:
11785:
11780:
11775:
11770:
11768:Class conflict
11765:
11760:
11754:
11752:
11751: topics
11746:
11745:
11743:
11742:
11737:
11732:
11727:
11725:Mudsill theory
11722:
11717:
11712:
11706:
11704:
11696:
11695:
11693:
11692:
11685:
11678:
11670:
11667:
11666:
11663:
11662:
11656:
11653:
11652:
11645:
11638:
11630:
11621:
11620:
11618:
11617:
11612:
11607:
11602:
11597:
11591:
11588:
11587:
11585:
11584:
11577:
11570:
11563:
11556:
11549:
11542:
11535:
11528:
11521:
11516:
11508:
11506:
11502:
11501:
11499:
11498:
11491:
11484:
11477:
11470:
11463:
11456:
11449:
11441:
11439:
11438:Signal devices
11435:
11434:
11432:
11431:
11424:
11417:
11410:
11403:
11396:
11389:
11381:
11379:
11375:
11374:
11372:
11371:
11364:
11357:
11350:
11342:
11340:
11333:
11332:
11330:
11329:
11322:
11315:
11308:
11301:
11294:
11287:
11281:
11279:
11275:
11274:
11272:
11271:
11264:
11257:
11250:
11243:
11235:
11233:
11229:
11228:
11226:
11225:
11218:
11211:
11204:
11197:
11189:
11187:
11183:
11182:
11180:
11179:
11172:
11169:Kyoketsu-shoge
11165:
11158:
11151:
11144:
11136:
11134:
11130:
11129:
11127:
11126:
11119:
11112:
11105:
11098:
11091:
11084:
11077:
11070:
11062:
11060:
11056:
11055:
11053:
11052:
11045:
11038:
11031:
11024:
11017:
11010:
11003:
10995:
10993:
10987:
10986:
10983:
10982:
10980:
10979:
10974:
10969:
10964:
10959:
10954:
10949:
10944:
10938:
10936:
10932:
10931:
10929:
10928:
10921:
10914:
10907:
10900:
10893:
10886:
10879:
10872:
10865:
10858:
10851:
10844:
10838:
10832:
10826:
10825:
10823:
10822:
10815:
10808:
10801:
10794:
10787:
10779:
10777:
10773:
10772:
10770:
10769:
10762:
10755:
10748:
10741:
10734:
10727:
10720:
10713:
10705:
10703:
10699:
10698:
10696:
10695:
10688:
10681:
10674:
10666:
10664:
10660:
10659:
10656:
10655:
10653:
10652:
10645:
10640:
10635:
10630:
10623:
10617:
10615:
10611:
10610:
10608:
10607:
10600:
10593:
10586:
10579:
10572:
10565:
10558:
10551:
10544:
10537:
10530:
10523:
10515:
10509:
10503:
10502:
10497:
10496:
10489:
10482:
10474:
10468:
10467:
10461:
10455:
10450:
10438:
10433:
10419:
10418:External links
10416:
10414:
10413:
10391:
10390:Historiography
10388:
10387:
10386:
10380:
10362:
10357:Kure, Mitsuo.
10355:
10348:
10341:
10329:10.1086/463354
10308:
10301:
10294:
10287:
10282:Hubbard, Ben.
10280:
10273:
10267:
10249:
10235:
10224:
10210:
10203:
10193:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10177:
10147:
10113:
10088:
10058:
10033:
10004:
9978:
9949:
9924:
9894:
9864:
9839:
9765:
9763:
9762:
9745:
9699:
9697:
9696:
9677:
9660:
9634:(3): 221–235.
9600:
9584:
9571:
9562:
9536:
9524:
9503:
9482:
9461:
9454:
9444:楠戸 義昭 (2006).
9429:
9417:
9393:
9384:
9363:
9354:
9345:
9333:
9321:
9314:
9294:
9287:
9267:
9254:
9247:
9227:
9220:
9200:
9187:
9180:
9166:Karl F. Friday
9157:
9150:
9130:
9123:
9105:
9096:
9087:
9070:
9063:
9043:
9012:
8980:
8952:
8943:
8931:
8924:
8904:
8892:
8883:
8871:
8864:
8844:
8837:
8813:
8804:
8802:Wilson, p. 122
8795:
8781:
8774:
8754:
8747:
8727:
8725:Wilson, p, 131
8718:
8709:
8700:
8698:Wilson, p. 103
8691:
8682:
8665:
8656:
8644:
8635:
8618:
8611:
8585:
8576:
8547:
8545:(1998), ch. 4.
8534:
8521:
8498:
8475:
8459:
8427:
8401:
8369:
8337:
8311:
8304:
8286:
8280:978-0190619589
8279:
8259:
8253:978-0190619589
8252:
8232:
8226:978-0190619589
8225:
8205:
8199:978-0190619589
8198:
8178:
8172:978-0190619589
8171:
8151:
8136:
8114:
8088:
8057:
8026:
7995:
7960:
7931:
7905:
7876:
7847:
7840:
7820:
7794:
7787:
7760:
7758:Costume Museum
7748:
7728:
7708:
7696:
7684:
7670:
7648:
7616:
7588:
7560:
7528:
7500:
7467:
7455:
7435:
7411:
7399:
7368:
7356:
7330:
7312:
7288:
7276:
7269:
7251:
7244:
7226:
7217:
7189:
7148:
7117:
7106:on 11 May 2022
7086:
7084:Costume Museum
7071:
7043:
7008:
6986:
6972:
6960:
6933:
6905:
6883:武士(ぶし)/侍(さむらい)
6873:
6834:
6817:
6785:
6741:
6697:
6667:
6654:
6624:
6583:
6572:on 17 May 2024
6544:
6529:
6511:
6470:
6448:武士(ぶし)/侍(さむらい)
6433:
6406:(2): 353–380.
6383:
6376:
6358:
6351:
6333:
6324:
6317:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6217:
6207:
6201:
6193:
6190:
6170:Takeda Shingen
6134:Uesugi Kenshin
6085:
6082:
6076:(adapted from
5978:Eiji Yoshikawa
5882:Akira Kurosawa
5828:Samurai cinema
5823:
5820:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5742:
5739:
5729:
5728:
5721:
5718:
5717:(fish scales)
5708:
5707:
5700:
5689:
5679:
5678:
5671:
5668:
5667:(crane wings)
5658:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5633:
5632:
5625:
5622:
5612:
5611:
5604:
5601:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5574:
5571:
5508:
5505:
5495:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5400:
5390:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5359:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5341:
5334:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5315:
5313:
5307:
5300:
5298:
5292:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5273:
5271:
5264:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5212:
5192:
5172:
5125:
5096:displaced the
5080:including the
5073:
5018:Sengoku period
4994:
4917:
4916:
4892:
4890:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4862:
4860:
4858:. 18th century
4850:
4843:
4841:
4838:ritual suicide
4835:
4828:
4826:
4810:
4803:
4801:
4781:
4774:
4752:Yamauchi Chiyo
4695:Lady Tsukiyama
4634:
4633:
4584:
4582:
4575:
4566:Main article:
4563:
4560:
4528:
4525:
4476:
4473:
4372:
4369:
4320:Sengoku period
4316:(feudal lords)
4283:Asano Naganori
4275:, death poems)
4184:
4181:
4152:
4132:Taira Tadanori
4108:
4105:
4050:
4047:
4043:Imagawa Sadayo
4030:Uesugi Kenshin
4026:Takeda Shingen
3989:Fushimi Castle
3981:Torii Mototada
3931:A painting of
3898:Takeda Shingen
3871:Imagawa Sadayo
3827:Hōjō Shigetoki
3800:
3797:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3719:Battle of Aizu
3699:
3696:
3584:Main article:
3581:
3578:
3496:Arima Harunobu
3492:Ōmura Sumitada
3459:
3456:
3426:red seal ships
3408:
3405:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3367:Takizawa Bakin
3187:siege of Osaka
3152:
3149:
3016:sengoku daimyo
2976:
2973:
2899:Sengoku period
2864:
2861:
2809:Owari Province
2789:
2786:
2782:Fushimi Castle
2754:Ikeda Terumasa
2745:
2742:
2700:sengoku daimyo
2566:sengoku daimyo
2549:sengoku daimyo
2541:Uesugi Kenshin
2537:sengoku daimyo
2529:sengoku daimyo
2521:sengoku daimyo
2515:differed from
2513:sengoku daimyo
2463:sengoku daimyo
2379:Sengoku Period
2366:
2365:Sengoku period
2363:
2119:, who opposed
2112:
2109:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2059:
2058:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1958:
1956:
1945:
1938:
1787:
1784:
1738:Emperor Antoku
1726:
1725:
1716:
1709:
1707:
1701:
1694:
1664:Emperor Sutoku
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1475:
1472:
1410:Japanese armor
1382:, New Emperor)
1288:Imperial Court
1272:regional clans
1199:
1196:
1166:Emperor Kōtoku
1158:Prince Shōtoku
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1072:status of the
1012:. Samurai and
782:, townspeople)
649:sengoku daimyō
605:Sengoku period
494:. Some of the
365:
362:
276:
273:
208:Sengoku Period
197:, ruling from
149:in the 1860s.
135:
134:
117:September 2021
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12976:
12965:
12962:
12960:
12957:
12955:
12952:
12950:
12947:
12945:
12942:
12940:
12937:
12935:
12932:
12930:
12927:
12925:
12922:
12920:
12917:
12916:
12914:
12899:
12891:
12890:
12887:
12873:
12870:
12868:
12865:
12863:
12860:
12858:
12855:
12853:
12850:
12848:
12845:
12843:
12840:
12838:
12835:
12834:
12832:
12828:
12822:
12821:United States
12819:
12817:
12814:
12812:
12809:
12807:
12804:
12802:
12799:
12797:
12794:
12792:
12789:
12787:
12784:
12782:
12779:
12777:
12774:
12772:
12769:
12767:
12764:
12762:
12759:
12757:
12754:
12752:
12749:
12747:
12744:
12742:
12739:
12737:
12734:
12732:
12729:
12728:
12726:
12722:Other regions
12720:
12710:
12707:
12705:
12702:
12700:
12697:
12696:
12694:
12692:
12688:
12682:
12679:
12677:
12674:
12672:
12669:
12667:
12664:
12663:
12661:
12659:
12655:
12647:
12644:
12642:
12639:
12638:
12637:
12634:
12630:
12627:
12625:
12622:
12620:
12617:
12616:
12615:
12612:
12608:
12605:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12594:
12593:
12590:
12589:
12587:
12585:
12581:
12575:
12572:
12570:
12567:
12565:
12562:
12560:
12557:
12556:
12553:
12550:
12548:
12547:United States
12544:
12540:
12531:
12527:
12509:
12506:
12504:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12490:
12487:
12485:
12481:
12478:
12476:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12454:
12453:
12451:
12449:
12445:
12439:
12436:
12434:
12431:
12429:
12426:
12424:
12421:
12419:
12416:
12414:
12411:
12410:
12408:
12406:
12402:
12396:
12393:
12391:
12388:
12386:
12383:
12379:
12376:
12375:
12374:
12371:
12370:
12368:
12366:
12362:
12356:
12353:
12352:
12350:
12348:
12344:
12338:
12337:
12333:
12330:
12329:
12324:
12322:
12319:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12305:
12302:
12300:
12297:
12296:
12295:
12292:
12290:
12287:
12285:
12282:
12280:
12277:
12275:
12272:
12271:
12269:
12267:
12263:
12257:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12228:
12225:
12223:
12220:
12218:
12215:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12189:
12187:
12185:
12181:
12175:
12172:
12170:
12167:
12165:
12162:
12158:
12155:
12154:
12153:
12150:
12149:
12147:
12145:
12141:
12135:
12132:
12128:
12125:
12121:
12118:
12117:
12116:
12113:
12112:
12111:
12108:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12095:
12093:
12089:
12086:
12085:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12067:
12064:
12063:
12062:
12059:
12058:
12056:
12054:
12050:
12047:
12043:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12012:
12009:
12008:
12006:
12003:
11998:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11986:Socioeconomic
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11969:
11965:
11962:
11961:
11960:
11957:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11935:
11934:
11933:
11930:
11926:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11917:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11908:
11907:
11905:
11901:
11897:
11888:
11884:
11874:
11873:
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11861:Social stigma
11859:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11851:Social orphan
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11827:
11824:
11822:
11819:
11817:
11816:
11811:
11810:
11809:Nouveau riche
11806:
11804:
11801:
11799:
11796:
11794:
11791:
11789:
11786:
11784:
11783:Class traitor
11781:
11779:
11778:Class society
11776:
11774:
11771:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11761:
11759:
11756:
11755:
11753:
11747:
11741:
11738:
11736:
11733:
11731:
11728:
11726:
11723:
11721:
11718:
11716:
11715:Gilbert model
11713:
11711:
11708:
11707:
11705:
11701:
11697:
11691:
11690:
11686:
11684:
11683:
11679:
11677:
11676:
11672:
11671:
11668:
11661:
11658:
11657:
11651:
11646:
11644:
11639:
11637:
11632:
11631:
11628:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11608:
11606:
11603:
11601:
11598:
11596:
11593:
11592:
11589:
11583:
11582:
11578:
11576:
11575:
11571:
11569:
11568:
11564:
11562:
11561:
11557:
11555:
11554:
11550:
11548:
11547:
11543:
11541:
11540:
11536:
11534:
11533:
11529:
11527:
11526:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11514:
11510:
11509:
11507:
11503:
11497:
11496:
11492:
11490:
11489:
11485:
11483:
11482:
11478:
11476:
11475:
11471:
11469:
11468:
11464:
11462:
11461:
11457:
11455:
11454:
11450:
11448:
11447:
11443:
11442:
11440:
11436:
11430:
11429:
11425:
11423:
11422:
11418:
11416:
11415:
11411:
11409:
11408:
11404:
11402:
11401:
11397:
11395:
11394:
11390:
11388:
11387:
11383:
11382:
11380:
11376:
11370:
11369:
11365:
11363:
11362:
11358:
11356:
11355:
11351:
11349:
11348:
11344:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11334:
11328:
11327:
11323:
11321:
11320:
11316:
11314:
11313:
11309:
11307:
11306:
11302:
11300:
11299:
11295:
11293:
11292:
11288:
11286:
11283:
11282:
11280:
11276:
11270:
11269:
11265:
11263:
11262:
11258:
11256:
11255:
11251:
11249:
11248:
11244:
11242:
11241:
11237:
11236:
11234:
11232:Staff weapons
11230:
11224:
11223:
11219:
11217:
11216:
11212:
11210:
11209:
11205:
11203:
11202:
11198:
11196:
11195:
11191:
11190:
11188:
11184:
11178:
11177:
11173:
11171:
11170:
11166:
11164:
11163:
11159:
11157:
11156:
11152:
11150:
11149:
11145:
11143:
11142:
11138:
11137:
11135:
11131:
11125:
11124:
11120:
11118:
11117:
11113:
11111:
11110:
11106:
11104:
11103:
11099:
11097:
11096:
11092:
11090:
11089:
11085:
11083:
11082:
11078:
11076:
11075:
11071:
11069:
11068:
11064:
11063:
11061:
11057:
11051:
11050:
11046:
11044:
11043:
11039:
11037:
11036:
11032:
11030:
11029:
11025:
11023:
11022:
11018:
11016:
11015:
11011:
11009:
11008:
11004:
11002:
11001:
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10675:
10673:
10672:
10668:
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10661:
10651:
10650:
10646:
10644:
10643:Swordsmithing
10641:
10639:
10636:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10628:
10624:
10622:
10619:
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10616:
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10481:
10476:
10475:
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10465:
10462:
10459:
10456:
10454:
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10449:
10445:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10431:
10426:
10422:
10421:
10411:
10408:
10404:
10400:
10399:
10394:
10393:
10383:
10381:0-89750-081-4
10377:
10373:
10372:
10367:
10363:
10360:
10356:
10353:
10349:
10346:
10345:Samurai films
10342:
10338:
10334:
10330:
10326:
10322:
10318:
10314:
10309:
10306:
10302:
10300:(1981) 385pp.
10299:
10295:
10292:
10288:
10285:
10281:
10278:
10274:
10270:
10264:
10260:
10259:
10254:
10250:
10248:
10247:0-7624-3850-9
10244:
10240:
10236:
10233:
10229:
10225:
10223:
10219:
10215:
10211:
10208:
10204:
10202:
10198:
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10187:
10186:
10165:
10161:
10157:
10151:
10133:
10126:
10125:
10117:
10102:
10098:
10092:
10076:
10072:
10068:
10062:
10047:
10043:
10037:
10022:
10021:ohmatsuri.com
10018:
10011:
10009:
9993:
9992:ohmatsuri.com
9989:
9982:
9966:
9962:
9956:
9954:
9938:
9934:
9928:
9913:
9909:
9903:
9901:
9899:
9882:
9878:
9874:
9868:
9853:
9852:www.ana.co.jp
9849:
9843:
9835:
9829:
9813:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9795:
9791:
9787:
9783:
9776:
9769:
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9755:
9751:
9746:
9741:
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9728:
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9718:
9715:
9711:
9703:
9690:
9683:
9678:
9674:
9670:
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9661:
9657:
9653:
9649:
9645:
9641:
9637:
9633:
9629:
9624:
9623:
9620:
9616:
9612:
9604:
9598:
9596:
9588:
9581:
9580:Samurai films
9575:
9566:
9551:
9547:
9540:
9533:
9528:
9521:
9520:0-85045-302-X
9517:
9513:
9507:
9500:
9499:0-85045-302-X
9496:
9492:
9486:
9479:
9478:84-9763-140-4
9475:
9471:
9465:
9457:
9455:4-569-66651-5
9451:
9447:
9440:
9438:
9436:
9434:
9424:
9422:
9414:
9413:84-9763-140-4
9410:
9406:
9400:
9398:
9388:
9381:
9380:84-9763-140-4
9377:
9373:
9367:
9358:
9349:
9340:
9338:
9328:
9326:
9317:
9311:
9307:
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9290:
9284:
9280:
9279:
9271:
9264:
9258:
9250:
9244:
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9239:
9231:
9223:
9217:
9213:
9212:
9204:
9197:
9191:
9183:
9177:
9173:
9172:
9167:
9161:
9153:
9147:
9143:
9142:
9134:
9126:
9120:
9116:
9109:
9100:
9094:Wilson, p. 85
9091:
9084:
9083:Skyhorse Pub.
9080:
9074:
9066:
9060:
9056:
9055:
9047:
9031:
9027:
9019:
9017:
9000:
8996:
8992:
8990:神社と深くつながる「蹴鞠」
8984:
8968:
8964:
8956:
8947:
8941:Wilson, p. 26
8938:
8936:
8927:
8921:
8917:
8916:
8908:
8899:
8897:
8887:
8881:, p. 12.
8880:
8875:
8867:
8861:
8857:
8856:
8848:
8840:
8834:
8830:
8826:
8825:
8817:
8811:Wilson, p. 91
8808:
8799:
8791:
8785:
8777:
8771:
8767:
8766:
8758:
8750:
8744:
8740:
8739:
8731:
8722:
8716:Wilson, p. 67
8713:
8707:Wilson, p. 95
8704:
8695:
8689:Wilson, p. 62
8686:
8675:
8669:
8663:Wilson, p. 47
8660:
8653:
8648:
8642:Wilson, p. 38
8639:
8631:
8630:
8622:
8614:
8608:
8604:
8599:
8598:
8589:
8580:
8564:
8560:
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8544:
8538:
8531:
8525:
8519:
8516:
8512:
8508:
8502:
8496:
8492:
8489:
8485:
8479:
8473:
8469:
8463:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8431:
8415:
8411:
8405:
8389:
8385:
8381:
8373:
8357:
8353:
8349:
8341:
8325:
8321:
8315:
8307:
8305:0-7614-0304-3
8301:
8297:
8290:
8282:
8276:
8272:
8271:
8263:
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8218:
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8033:
8031:
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8002:
8000:
7983:
7979:
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7967:
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7957:
7946:
7942:
7935:
7919:
7915:
7909:
7902:
7891:
7887:
7880:
7873:
7862:
7858:
7851:
7843:
7837:
7833:
7832:
7824:
7809:
7805:
7798:
7790:
7788:0-8160-5622-6
7784:
7780:
7773:
7771:
7769:
7767:
7765:
7757:
7752:
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7464:
7459:
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7449:
7445:
7439:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7420:
7418:
7416:
7408:
7403:
7387:
7383:
7375:
7373:
7365:
7360:
7344:
7343:Kyoto Journal
7340:
7334:
7326:
7322:
7316:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7300:
7292:
7285:
7280:
7272:
7266:
7262:
7255:
7247:
7245:4-7700-2754-0
7241:
7237:
7230:
7224:Wilson, p. 15
7221:
7206:on 9 May 2022
7205:
7201:
7193:
7174:
7170:
7163:
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7136:
7132:
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7122:
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7101:
7093:
7091:
7083:
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7076:
7059:
7055:
7047:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7015:
7013:
7004:
7000:
6996:
6990:
6983:
6982:
6976:
6969:
6964:
6958:
6957:0-674-38704-X
6954:
6950:
6946:
6940:
6938:
6921:
6917:
6909:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6877:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6841:
6839:
6831:
6827:
6821:
6805:
6801:
6797:
6789:
6782:
6781:4-385-13905-9
6778:
6774:
6770:
6764:
6763:
6751:
6745:
6738:
6737:4-09-501211-0
6734:
6730:
6726:
6720:
6719:
6707:
6701:
6694:
6690:
6677:
6671:
6657:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6628:
6612:
6608:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6588:
6571:
6567:
6565:武士と侍(サムライ)の違い
6559:
6557:
6555:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6526:
6522:
6515:
6496:
6492:
6485:
6477:
6475:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6390:
6388:
6379:
6377:9781351873703
6373:
6369:
6362:
6354:
6352:9780752483559
6348:
6344:
6337:
6328:
6320:
6318:9798216141518
6314:
6310:
6309:
6301:
6297:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6189:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6159:
6147:
6142:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6126:
6123:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6106:
6104:
6099:
6090:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6074:
6068:
6066:
6062:
6061:PlayStation 3
6058:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6010:
6005:
6004:
5999:
5998:
5993:
5992:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5967:was based on
5966:
5965:
5960:
5958:
5954:was based on
5953:
5952:
5947:
5946:Shakespeare's
5943:
5942:Seven Samurai
5939:
5938:
5933:
5932:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5920:
5915:
5914:
5913:Seven Samurai
5909:
5905:
5904:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5870:
5865:
5863:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5836:
5829:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5804:
5802:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5774:
5762:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5736:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5710:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5685:
5681:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5669:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5560:
5559:
5558:Bamboo Saizo.
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5522:
5521:severed heads
5513:
5500:
5494:
5489:
5487:
5482:
5480:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5439:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5413:
5406:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5387:
5382:
5375:
5370:
5363:
5358:
5354:
5347:
5342:
5338:
5331:
5326:
5319:
5314:
5311:
5304:
5299:
5296:
5289:
5284:
5277:
5272:
5268:
5261:
5256:
5249:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5211:are examples.
5210:
5209:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5196:Chain weapons
5193:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5155:, largely by
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5026:composite bow
5023:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5008:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4913:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4891:
4882:
4881:
4866:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4847:
4842:
4839:
4832:
4827:
4817:
4813:
4812:Hangaku Gozen
4807:
4802:
4791:
4787:
4785:
4778:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4710:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4697:(the wife of
4696:
4692:
4689:(daughter of
4688:
4684:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4644:
4640:
4630:
4627:
4619:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4585:This section
4583:
4579:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4559:
4555:
4553:
4548:
4546:
4537:
4533:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4489:
4484:
4482:
4471:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4425:
4423:
4417:
4412:
4410:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4394:
4392:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4313:
4312:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4242:
4234:
4233:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4211:
4197:
4196:
4189:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4164:
4159:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4125:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4104:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4068:
4067:reincarnation
4064:
4060:
4056:
4046:
4044:
4038:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4024:The rival of
4022:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4005:
3998:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3975:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3945:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3917:Katō Kiyomasa
3914:
3912:
3906:
3901:
3899:
3893:
3888:
3886:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3864:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3796:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3772:
3770:
3755:
3751:
3749:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3729:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3671:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3606:Matthew Perry
3599:
3598:
3592:
3587:
3580:Modernization
3577:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3546:Bakumatsu era
3542:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3526:Date Masamune
3524:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3512:Pope Sixtus V
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3472:
3471:Archita Ricci
3468:
3464:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3418:
3413:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3346:
3345:
3329:
3328:
3318:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3183:Toyotomi clan
3177:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3116:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3089:, one of the
3088:
3084:
3081:, one of the
3080:
3076:
3073:, one of the
3072:
3071:Maeda Toshiie
3067:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3043:
3042:
3034:
3022:
3017:
3005:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2903:Katō Kiyomasa
2900:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2815:(shogunate).
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2778:Azuchi, Shiga
2775:
2774:Azuchi Castle
2771:
2767:
2759:
2758:Himeji Castle
2755:
2750:
2741:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2709:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2500:
2485:
2484:
2478:
2464:
2459:
2451:
2450:
2445:(spears) and
2443:
2442:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2359:
2358:primogeniture
2354:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2221:
2206:
2205:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2129:Emperor Kōgon
2126:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2094:
2089:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2048:this time in
2046:
2042:
2041:Hōjō Tokimune
2038:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1993:
1992:was favored.
1991:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1968:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:Minamoto clan
1743:
1739:
1736:installed as
1735:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1591:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1522:
1521:
1505:
1504:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1480:Fujiwara clan
1471:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1406:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1373:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:Emperor Kanmu
1237:
1234:In the early
1229:
1225:
1224:
1220:, forges the
1219:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1195:
1192:
1185:
1183:
1182:Emperor Monmu
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1120:offices, and
1118:
1117:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1007:
999:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
956:
955:
949:
941:
933:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
898:
897:
891:
887:
886:
871:
870:
864:
861:In the early
859:
857:
849:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
806:
800:
792:
787:
773:
772:
766:
758:
750:
735:
720:
715:
711:
707:
693:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
651:
650:
640:
632:
617:
616:
610:
606:
601:
589:
588:
578:
570:
555:
554:
538:
537:
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
502:
497:
483:
474:
466:
461:
453:
445:
440:
436:
422:
421:
415:
410:
408:
399:
387:
379:
375:
371:
361:
359:
355:
350:
347:
342:
340:
339:
338:Kokin Wakashū
334:
330:
329:
324:
323:
318:
305:
304:
296:
284:
283:
272:
270:
266:
262:
256:
254:
249:
248:
241:
240:
230:
229:
223:
219:
215:
214:
209:
206:. During the
205:
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
169:
162:
156:
152:
148:
145:A samurai in
143:
139:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
12959:Noble titles
12872:Soviet Union
12847:Ancient Rome
12704:Homelessness
12629:Upper Middle
12501: /
12482: /
12473: /
12438:Working poor
12334:
12321:Robber baron
12241:
12144:Intellectual
12134:Royal family
12098:Ancient Rome
11952:second-class
11870:
11813:
11812: /
11807:
11803:High society
11710:Elite theory
11687:
11680:
11673:
11660:Social class
11579:
11572:
11565:
11558:
11552:
11551:
11544:
11537:
11530:
11523:
11511:
11493:
11486:
11479:
11472:
11465:
11458:
11453:Hata-jirushi
11451:
11444:
11426:
11419:
11412:
11405:
11398:
11391:
11384:
11366:
11359:
11352:
11345:
11324:
11317:
11310:
11303:
11296:
11289:
11266:
11259:
11252:
11245:
11238:
11220:
11213:
11206:
11199:
11192:
11174:
11167:
11162:Kusari-fundo
11160:
11153:
11146:
11139:
11121:
11114:
11107:
11100:
11093:
11086:
11079:
11072:
11065:
11047:
11040:
11033:
11026:
11019:
11012:
11005:
10998:
10923:
10916:
10909:
10902:
10895:
10888:
10881:
10874:
10867:
10860:
10853:
10846:
10817:
10810:
10803:
10796:
10789:
10782:
10764:
10757:
10750:
10743:
10736:
10729:
10722:
10715:
10708:
10690:
10683:
10676:
10669:
10647:
10625:
10614:Construction
10602:
10595:
10588:
10581:
10574:
10567:
10560:
10553:
10546:
10539:
10532:
10525:
10518:
10396:
10374:. Kodansha.
10370:
10358:
10351:
10344:
10316:
10312:
10304:
10297:
10290:
10283:
10276:
10257:
10238:
10227:
10213:
10206:
10196:
10189:
10182:Bibliography
10168:. Retrieved
10164:the original
10159:
10150:
10139:, retrieved
10132:the original
10123:
10116:
10104:. Retrieved
10100:
10091:
10079:. Retrieved
10075:the original
10070:
10061:
10049:. Retrieved
10045:
10036:
10024:. Retrieved
10020:
9995:. Retrieved
9991:
9981:
9969:. Retrieved
9964:
9940:. Retrieved
9936:
9927:
9915:. Retrieved
9911:
9885:. Retrieved
9881:the original
9876:
9867:
9855:. Retrieved
9851:
9842:
9828:cite journal
9816:. Retrieved
9785:
9781:
9768:
9753:
9733:(1): 80–99.
9730:
9726:
9714:the original
9702:
9689:the original
9664:
9631:
9627:
9619:the original
9614:
9603:
9594:
9587:
9579:
9574:
9565:
9553:. Retrieved
9549:
9539:
9527:
9511:
9506:
9490:
9485:
9469:
9464:
9445:
9404:
9387:
9371:
9366:
9357:
9348:
9304:
9297:
9277:
9270:
9262:
9257:
9237:
9230:
9210:
9203:
9195:
9190:
9170:
9160:
9140:
9133:
9114:
9108:
9099:
9090:
9081:. New York:
9078:
9073:
9053:
9046:
9034:. Retrieved
9030:the original
9003:. Retrieved
8999:the original
8983:
8971:. Retrieved
8967:the original
8955:
8946:
8914:
8907:
8886:
8874:
8854:
8847:
8823:
8816:
8807:
8798:
8784:
8764:
8757:
8737:
8730:
8721:
8712:
8703:
8694:
8685:
8668:
8659:
8647:
8638:
8628:
8621:
8596:
8588:
8579:
8567:. Retrieved
8563:the original
8557:
8550:
8542:
8537:
8529:
8524:
8506:
8501:
8483:
8478:
8467:
8462:
8450:. Retrieved
8446:the original
8430:
8418:. Retrieved
8414:the original
8404:
8392:. Retrieved
8388:the original
8383:
8372:
8360:. Retrieved
8356:the original
8340:
8328:. Retrieved
8324:the original
8314:
8295:
8289:
8269:
8262:
8242:
8235:
8215:
8208:
8188:
8181:
8161:
8154:
8126:. New York:
8123:
8117:
8105:. Retrieved
8101:
8091:
8079:. Retrieved
8075:the original
8048:. Retrieved
8044:the original
8017:. Retrieved
8013:the original
7986:. Retrieved
7982:the original
7955:
7948:. Retrieved
7944:
7934:
7922:. Retrieved
7917:
7908:
7900:
7893:. Retrieved
7889:
7879:
7871:
7864:. Retrieved
7860:
7850:
7830:
7823:
7811:. Retrieved
7807:
7797:
7778:
7751:
7736:
7731:
7716:
7711:
7699:
7687:
7677:22 September
7675:. Retrieved
7659:
7651:
7639:. Retrieved
7635:the original
7619:
7607:. Retrieved
7603:the original
7598:守護大名と戦国武将の違い
7591:
7579:. Retrieved
7575:the original
7563:
7551:. Retrieved
7547:the original
7531:
7519:. Retrieved
7515:the original
7503:
7491:. Retrieved
7487:the original
7470:
7458:
7443:
7438:
7423:
7409:Touken world
7407:日本刀の歴史 南北朝時代
7402:
7390:. Retrieved
7386:the original
7359:
7347:. Retrieved
7342:
7333:
7324:
7315:
7307:
7298:
7291:
7279:
7260:
7254:
7235:
7229:
7220:
7208:. Retrieved
7204:the original
7192:
7180:. Retrieved
7173:the original
7139:. Retrieved
7135:the original
7108:. Retrieved
7104:the original
7062:. Retrieved
7058:the original
7046:
7034:. Retrieved
7030:the original
6998:
6989:
6979:
6975:
6967:
6963:
6944:
6924:. Retrieved
6920:the original
6908:
6896:. Retrieved
6892:the original
6876:
6864:. Retrieved
6860:the original
6829:
6820:
6808:. Retrieved
6804:the original
6788:
6760:
6749:
6744:
6716:
6705:
6700:
6675:
6670:
6659:, retrieved
6637:
6627:
6615:. Retrieved
6611:the original
6574:. Retrieved
6570:the original
6520:
6514:
6502:. Retrieved
6495:the original
6461:. Retrieved
6457:the original
6403:
6399:
6367:
6361:
6342:
6336:
6327:
6307:
6300:
6246:Musha shugyō
6143:
6127:
6119:
6107:
6095:
6077:
6071:
6069:
6057:Afro Samurai
6056:
6048:Studio Gonzo
6041:
6038:Afro Samurai
6037:
6030:Afro Samurai
6029:
6026:
6021:Afro Samurai
6019:
6013:
6007:
6001:
5995:
5989:
5975:
5968:
5962:
5955:
5949:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5923:
5917:
5911:
5901:
5895:
5889:
5886:George Lucas
5867:
5866:
5855:
5833:
5831:
5815:
5805:
5800:
5798:
5793:
5789:
5783:
5779:
5758:
5738:(half moon)
5733:
5732:
5712:
5711:
5683:
5682:
5662:
5661:
5646:
5637:
5636:
5621:(arrowhead)
5616:
5615:
5595:
5594:
5586:Description
5576:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5531:
5524:
5518:
5491:
5483:
5479:tea ceremony
5475:
5470:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5442:
5436:
5434:
5429:
5423:
5238:Ryūzōji clan
5229:
5225:
5214:
5208:kusari-fundo
5206:
5200:
5194:
5186:
5180:
5174:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5086:(spear) and
5081:
5077:Pole weapons
5075:
5061:
5057:
5046:
5021:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4997:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4958:
4952:
4946:
4936:
4930:
4907:
4852:Yuki no Kata
4790:Adachi Ginko
4782:
4768:
4743:
4727:
4721:
4714:
4711:
4707:
4691:Oda Nobunaga
4687:Oda Tokuhime
4680:
4673:
4667:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4622:
4613:
4598:Please help
4586:
4556:
4549:
4541:
4522:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4488:Oda Nobunaga
4485:
4478:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4434:
4427:
4419:
4414:
4406:
4401:
4397:
4395:
4388:
4359:and General
4351:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4257:
4256:
4241:tea ceremony
4205:
4178:
4175:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4153:
4147:
4140:
4135:
4129:
4124:Confucianism
4121:
4110:
4101:
4096:
4089:Gorin no Sho
4088:
4078:
4074:
4072:
4052:
4040:
4035:
4023:
4018:
4010:
4008:
4000:
3995:
3979:
3956:
3947:
3942:
3933:Ōishi Yoshio
3915:
3908:
3903:
3895:
3890:
3882:
3877:
3868:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3819:severed head
3790:
3779:
3774:
3766:
3752:
3735:
3732:
3724:
3691:
3681:
3670:Felice Beato
3641:
3636:
3618:
3603:
3595:
3553:
3543:
3538:
3522:
3516:
3483:
3478:
3476:
3449:
3422:
3419:, circa 1630
3415:Portrait of
3399:Felice Beato
3370:
3362:
3358:
3303:
3291:
3287:
3266:
3259:
3241:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3180:
3169:
3129:
3090:
3082:
3074:
3068:
3015:
3013:
2965:
2957:
2933:
2919:
2888:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2817:
2812:
2801:Oda Nobunaga
2799:
2766:Oda Nobunaga
2763:
2733:
2715:tosei-gusoku
2710:
2699:
2618:(spear) and
2603:
2576:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2517:shugo daimyo
2516:
2512:
2477:shugo daimyo
2476:
2457:
2456:
2389:Oda Nobunaga
2382:
2368:
2355:
2306:
2271:
2256:
2232:, appeared.
2220:shugo daimyo
2197:
2193:
2189:
2168:
2149:
2114:
2105:kami-no-Kaze
2104:
2101:kami-no-Kaze
2100:
2098:
2054:
2034:
2022:
1997:Yuan dynasty
1994:
1986:Zen Buddhism
1979:
1879:
1876:
1857:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1795:
1727:
1718:16th century
1688:Daijō-daijin
1687:
1639:Emperor Toba
1632:
1624:
1618:
1590:Gosannen War
1573:
1569:
1564:and began a
1553:
1549:
1543:
1520:Daijō-daijin
1477:
1407:
1337:Kanto region
1323:
1304:
1292:
1283:
1265:
1255:
1236:Heian period
1233:
1227:
1221:
1218:(fox spirit)
1215:
1211:Sanjō Kokaji
1210:
1198:Heian period
1186:
1170:Tang dynasty
1164:, issued by
1162:Taika Reform
1155:
1151:Ise Province
1147:Kofun period
1125:
1121:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1013:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
947:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
883:
865:, even some
860:
855:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
804:
791:buke hōkōnin
785:
764:
713:
705:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
608:
602:
536:shugo daimyo
529:
525:
519:
514:
495:
459:
434:
411:
377:
370:Heian period
367:
357:
353:
351:
345:
343:
336:
332:
326:
320:
302:
301:
281:
280:
278:
257:
252:
221:
211:
192:
175:
160:
159:
155:Felice Beato
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
12791:New Zealand
12508:Untouchable
12433:Proletariat
12423:Pea-pickers
12373:Bourgeoisie
12061:Aristocracy
11947:naturalized
11942:native-born
11560:Shinsengumi
11495:Uma-jirushi
11368:Tanegashima
11116:Uchi-bukuro
11102:Kubi bukuro
11095:Kate-bukuro
10692:Yoroi-dōshi
10649:Tameshigiri
10106:30 November
10101:WOW U Japan
10081:30 November
10051:30 November
10026:30 November
9997:30 November
9971:30 November
9942:30 November
9917:30 November
9887:30 November
9857:30 November
9615:Den of Geek
9597:Feb 2, 2009
8569:18 November
8452:15 February
8420:15 February
8394:14 February
8362:14 February
8330:14 February
7813:2 September
7641:29 February
6606:武士の上位階級 侍とは
6266:Seiwa Genji
5546:Gifu Castle
5426:Nara period
5337:Tanegashima
5230:Kunikuzushi
5226:kunikuzushi
5169:tanegashima
5165:tanegashima
5161:tanegashima
5149:Tanegashima
5141:tanegashima
5136:Tanegashima
5130:Tanegashima
5013:tanegashima
4943:Nara period
4910:August 2024
4823: 1885
4797: 1880
4764:josei tennō
4732:Hino Tomiko
4658:okugatasama
4643:Tomoe Gozen
4504:) given at
4353:Musō Soseki
4291:jisei no ku
4263:jisei no ku
3935:performing
3711:Aizu domain
3698:Dissolution
3677: 1860
3610:Franciscans
3534:Pope Paul V
3488:Ōtomo Sōrin
2950:. Print by
2948:Mount Inaba
2934:Oni-Shimazu
2881:during the
2641:tanegashima
2638:(bow), and
2621:tanegashima
2593:tanegashima
2547:who became
2449:tanegashima
2413:Tanegashima
2401:Edo periods
2081: 1293
2037:Kublai Khan
1952:Kublai Khan
1296:magistrates
685:During the
603:During the
520:During the
412:During the
407:court ranks
275:Terminology
12913:Categories
12781:Luxembourg
12671:Inequality
12336:Superclass
12127:Hereditary
12103:Post-Roman
12094:Patrician
11964:adolescent
11788:Classicide
11539:Onna-musha
11400:Metsubushi
11347:Bajō-zutsu
11155:Kusarigama
10942:Brigandine
10745:Sodegarami
10671:Kabutowari
10576:Shikomizue
9877:FestivalGo
8879:Sharf 1993
8437:世界を見たサムライ達
8146:1202732830
7521:29 January
7493:31 January
7483:Shōgakukan
7432:B08DGRWN98
7349:25 October
7026:Shogakukan
6729:Shogakukan
6693:Shogakukan
6682:国語大辞典(新装版)
6293:References
6261:Kabukimono
6114:Edo period
5534:Kani Saizō
5234:Arima clan
5202:kusarigama
5151:—employed
5028:made from
4856:Tsu Castle
4854:defending
4816:Yoshitoshi
4675:tantojutsu
4568:Onna-musha
4552:concubines
4502:''nanori''
4498:''yobina''
4402:Kuge bunko
4398:buke bunko
4380:Kōan Ogata
4004:Sekigahara
3985:Sekigahara
3970:Edo-period
3863:death poem
3803:See also:
3758:Philosophy
3647:Boshin War
3642:Kaiyō Maru
3614:Dominicans
3480:Kirishitan
3395:Photochrom
3276:(townsman)
3262:Edo period
3199:two swords
3192:Edo period
3157:Edo period
3155:See also:
2979:See also:
2961:Yi Sun-sin
2867:See also:
2597:after the
2587:matchlocks
2345:(helmet),
2339:by adding
2029:Hakata Bay
1974:See also:
1948:Shōni clan
1750:Genpei War
1643:Taira clan
1405:of Japan.
1339:. In 939,
1333:Taira clan
1318:Yoshitoshi
1174:Taihō Code
965:, domains)
863:Edo period
854:and above
465:rōtō, rōdō
444:hi-gokenin
374:Edo period
233:(townsman)
218:Edo period
147:his armour
87:newspapers
12806:Sri Lanka
12699:Education
12666:Household
12559:Affluence
12494:Rat tribe
12456:Ant tribe
12428:Precariat
12413:Lazzaroni
12355:Bohemians
12316:Overclass
12311:Old money
12247:Spartiate
12222:Kshatriya
12212:Hashashin
12169:Professor
12110:Political
12083:Oligarchy
12073:Hanseaten
11991:Stateless
11971:Convicted
11903:By status
11866:Subaltern
11798:Euthenics
11730:New class
11581:Yamabushi
11488:Sashimono
11467:Kabura-ya
11298:Makibishi
11285:Artillery
11194:Hachiwari
11141:Chigiriki
11007:Hachimaki
10904:Men-yoroi
10819:Tanren bō
10724:Kama-yari
10717:Hoko yari
10604:Wakizashi
10337:161535877
9812:1743-9213
9673:235647197
9656:143210545
9648:1751-0694
9480:. p. 114.
9025:能楽と歴史について
7804:"たたかう人びと"
7381:守護大名と戦国武将
7284:胴丸・腹当・腹巻.
6539:634240939
6420:0021-9118
6084:Festivals
5970:King Lear
5937:Samurai 7
5908:John Ford
5891:Star Wars
5869:Jidaigeki
5780:hara kiri
5695:used for
5532:In 1600,
5395:from the
5310:wakizashi
4960:wakizashi
4740:Yodo-dono
4616:June 2023
4587:does not
4493:織田上総介三郎信長
4371:Education
4342:chashitsu
4195:chashitsu
3892:superior.
3869:In 1412,
3715:Byakkotai
3517:In 1612,
3369:became a
3243:Pederasty
3233:Confucius
3145:Tachibana
2915:Manchuria
2737:Confucian
2533:Hōjō Sōun
2419:Matchlock
2349:men-yoroi
2217:, called
2115:In 1336,
2013:Hōjō clan
1558:Shirakawa
1208:noh drama
1178:Yōrō Code
615:Jizamurai
188:Meiji era
76:"Samurai"
12898:Category
12830:Historic
12751:Colombia
12741:Cambodia
12676:Personal
12574:Mobility
12503:Freedman
12489:Plebeian
12475:Prisoner
12461:Commoner
12347:Creative
12328:Seigneur
12294:Nobility
12252:Vanniyar
12237:Pendekar
12197:Cossacks
11831:Snobbery
11703:Theories
11574:Yabusame
11525:Kunoichi
11513:Ashigaru
11428:Suntetsu
11339:and guns
11337:Firearms
11312:Shuriken
11088:Kaginawa
11000:Fundoshi
10991:Clothing
10952:Lamellar
10869:Haramaki
10812:Suburitō
10738:Sasumata
10731:Naginata
10627:Horimono
10621:Glossary
10555:Nagamaki
10527:Dōtanuki
10444:Archived
10368:(1982).
10323:: 1–43.
9818:29 March
9758:Archived
9669:ProQuest
9665:Booklist
9415:. p. 56.
9382:. p. 57.
9168:(2004).
9036:27 April
9005:27 April
8973:27 April
8491:Archived
8081:10 March
8050:10 March
8019:10 March
7609:17 March
7543:Kodansha
7392:17 March
7182:14 March
7141:12 March
7110:11 March
7064:14 March
7036:14 March
7003:Archived
6951:, 1995.
6888:Shūeisha
6773:Sanseidō
6762:Daijirin
6718:Daijisen
6453:Shūeisha
6229:See also
6052:Spike TV
6043:dōjinshi
6003:Shigurui
5878:westerns
5663:Kakuyoku
5566:mimizuka
5496:—
5451:ashigaru
5443:ikkiuchi
5430:ashigaru
5393:naginata
5157:ashigaru
5153:en masse
5103:ashigaru
5098:naginata
5089:naginata
5063:yabusame
5007:kyūjutsu
4963:and the
4744:de facto
4663:naginata
4527:Marriage
4459:Cagoxima
4357:Go-Daigo
4080:Hagakure
4077:such as
4055:Buddhism
4019:Hagakure
4011:Hagakure
3958:Hagakure
3799:Doctrine
3793:gekokujo
3633:Yokosuka
3625:Nagasaki
3560:and the
3548:), when
3357:office.
3327:hatamoto
3302:and 500
3168:, first
3141:Fujiwara
3133:Minamoto
3091:Go-Bukyō
3083:Gotairō'
3041:Go-Bugyō
3021:Go-Tairō
2998:天下分け目の戦い
2922:Jurchens
2895:arquebus
2662:nagamaki
2647:naginata
2607:ashigaru
2581:ashigaru
2557:de facto
2545:Shugodai
2519:in that
2483:Shugodai
2433:ashigaru
2371:Onin War
2336:haramaki
2330:haramaki
2318:haramaki
2311:ashigaru
2284:naginata
2145:Onin War
2007:Samurai
1982:Kamakura
1924:haramaki
1868:Minamoto
1864:Fujiwara
1853:Kamakura
1794:Samurai
1764:(shogun)
1461:naginata
1424:naginata
1276:kyūjutsu
1086:ashigaru
1074:ashigaru
950:in each
932:chūkoshō
927:hatamoto
915:hatamoto
896:hatamoto
856:ashigaru
823:ashigaru
815:ashigaru
765:ashigaru
749:arashiko
587:ashigaru
532:serving
12919:Samurai
12801:Romania
12796:Nigeria
12681:Poverty
12584:Classes
12569:History
12480:Peasant
12466:Outcast
12405:Working
12385:Burgher
12242:Samurai
12232:Ocēlōtl
12192:Chhetri
12184:Warrior
12174:Scholar
12088:Russian
12078:Magnate
12066:Aristoi
12045:By type
11932:Citizen
11925:refugee
11821:Poverty
11815:Parvenu
11749:Related
11720:Marxian
11682:Stratum
11553:Samurai
11460:Horagai
11414:Ōtsuchi
11361:Ōdzutsu
11354:Bo-hiya
11268:Yubi-bo
11148:Kubotan
11042:Uwa-obi
11028:Shitagi
10957:Laminar
10911:Ō-yoroi
10862:Dō-maru
10805:Shinken
10759:Tsukubō
10710:Bisento
10597:Tsurugi
10562:Ninjatō
10548:Kodachi
10520:Chokutō
10430:Samurai
10361:(2014).
10354:(1996).
10170:19 June
10141:18 June
9790:Bibcode
9555:2 March
9522:. p. 10
9501:. p. 12
8950:Wilson
8107:28 June
7988:9 March
7950:28 June
7924:28 June
7895:28 June
7866:28 June
7739:. p39.
7719:. p42.
7581:7 March
7553:7 March
7446:. p.42
7210:9 March
7161:平氏政権の登場
7082:式正の鎧・大鎧
6926:19 July
6898:19 July
6866:19 July
6852:J-STAGE
6810:28 July
6504:16 July
6463:19 July
6428:2659697
6286:Kheshig
6281:Hwarang
5986:Musashi
5957:Macbeth
5925:Yojimbo
5864:songs.
5801:bushido
5773:seppuku
5761:seppuku
5734:Engetsu
5688:(yoke)
5642:(lock)
5526:ohaguro
5042:leather
4990:nodachi
4971:(katana
4938:Chokutō
4903:Discuss
4876:Weapons
4762:(女性天皇,
4716:de jure
4608:removed
4593:sources
4506:genpuku
4247:ikebana
4183:Culture
4113:Malacca
4097:bushidō
4075:bushido
3937:seppuku
3859:Seppuku
3805:Bushido
3786:Ternate
3737:Shizoku
3692:daimyōs
3688:Satsuma
3629:Enomoto
3306:for an
3288:gokenin
3282:gokenin
3237:Mencius
3222:daimyōs
3174:of the
3115:Sei-gun
3075:Gotairō
2885:, 1597.
2722:ō-yoroi
2571:kampaku
2324:dō-maru
2175:gokenin
2045:shikken
2027:around
2019:, 1274.
2011:of the
1931:haraate
1916:haraate
1901:dō-maru
1895:dō-maru
1889:ō-yoroi
1883:dō-maru
1831:Kokushi
1800:armor,
1797:ō-yoroi
1705:in 1159
1649:Kokushi
1645:became
1615:ō-yoroi
1574:Kampaku
1554:Kampaku
1503:Kampaku
1467:dō-maru
1455:ō-yoroi
1440:dō-maru
1432:ō-yoroi
1355:Kokushi
1216:kitsune
1206:In the
1191:saburau
1132:History
1110:gokenin
1043:Gokenin
923:gokenin
911:gokenin
680:samurai
676:daimyo"
569:nobushi
420:gokenin
405:of the
372:to the
358:samurai
346:samurai
333:saburai
328:saburai
322:saburau
265:Shizoku
239:gokenin
204:Mongols
161:Samurai
101:scholar
12756:France
12736:Belize
12731:Africa
12658:Income
12614:Middle
12607:Gentry
12471:Outlaw
12378:Petite
12365:Middle
12299:Landed
12284:Gentry
12217:Knight
12157:Priest
12152:Clergy
12115:Family
12053:Ruling
12002:collar
11959:Clique
11675:Status
11481:Saihai
11474:Nobori
11446:Gunbai
11393:Kiseru
11291:Fukiya
11222:Tessen
11215:Tekkan
11208:Kanabō
11123:Yebira
11074:Daishō
11049:Waraji
11021:Kyahan
11014:Hakama
10925:Tatami
10897:Kusari
10883:Karuta
10876:Kabuto
10830:Armour
10798:Shinai
10784:Bokken
10678:Kaiken
10569:Ōdachi
10541:Katana
10507:Swords
10410:online
10378:
10335:
10265:
10245:
10232:Online
10220:
10201:online
9810:
9671:
9654:
9646:
9550:Tofugu
9518:
9497:
9476:
9452:
9411:
9378:
9312:
9285:
9245:
9218:
9178:
9148:
9121:
9061:
8922:
8862:
8835:
8772:
8745:
8609:
8518:Online
8488:online
8472:online
8302:
8277:
8250:
8223:
8196:
8169:
8144:
8134:
7973:関ヶ原の戦い
7838:
7785:
7743:
7723:
7668:
7450:
7430:
7267:
7242:
6955:
6828:.” In
6779:
6735:
6661:5 July
6652:
6617:17 May
6576:17 May
6537:
6527:
6426:
6418:
6374:
6349:
6315:
6256:Pechin
6167:daimyō
6018:, and
5840:kabuki
5816:daimyō
5790:kobudō
5713:Gyōrin
5684:Koyaku
5589:Image
5554:bamboo
5488:said:
5466:bakufu
5410:Three
5267:katana
5216:Cannon
5188:kanabō
5121:賤ヶ岳七本槍
5110:where
5040:, and
5038:rattan
5030:bamboo
4985:daisho
4980:daishō
4975:tachi)
4954:katana
4728:shōgun
4726:, 8th
4722:After
4669:kaiken
4518:nanori
4514:nanori
4510:yobina
4468:Bandou
4336:daimyo
4328:daimyo
4311:daimyo
4301:kemari
4285:, and
4243:, and
4232:kemari
4063:Shinto
3948:daimyō
3939:, 1703
3684:Chōshū
3659:Bakufu
3637:shōgun
3597:daimyō
3554:sakoku
3539:sakoku
3523:daimyo
3510:, and
3494:, and
3484:daimyō
3473:, 1615
3451:sakoku
3371:chōnin
3363:chōnin
3344:daikan
3298:yoriki
3294:for a
3271:chōnin
3247:Jesuit
3229:daimyō
3215:斬り捨て御免
3203:daishō
3171:shōgun
3143:, and
3100:Tō-gun
2909:, and
2834:(1575)
2813:bakufu
2805:Nagoya
2780:, and
2728:dō-mal
2705:ōdachi
2695:ōdachi
2686:. The
2683:katana
2670:katana
2568:, and
2496:, and
2458:Daimyo
2399:, and
2384:daimyo
2342:kabuto
2265:ōdachi
2242:Ōdachi
2204:daimyo
2074:Hakata
2050:Hakata
2043:, the
1908:kabuto
1874:clan.
1641:, the
1629:quiver
1626:yebira
1570:Sesshō
1568:, the
1550:Sesshō
1516:, and
1486:Sesshō
1372:Shinnō
1284:shōgun
1267:shōgun
1264:), or
1248:Emishi
1244:Honshū
1126:chōnin
1116:daikan
1106:chōnin
1096:, and
1078:chūgen
1060:keihai
1051:shibun
1019:shibun
981:chōnin
973:daimyo
869:daimyō
831:Wakatō
827:wakatō
819:wakatō
813:) and
811:wakatō
771:chōnin
746:, and
734:komono
719:chūgen
714:wakatō
692:wakatō
672:daimyo
631:myōshu
439:shogun
398:roku-i
253:chōnin
247:daikan
228:chōnin
222:daimyo
213:daimyo
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
12852:Aztec
12811:Tibet
12786:Nepal
12776:Italy
12766:India
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