31:
40:
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particles. The action of BHT in these is akin to the action of many other organic compounds, e.g., quaternary ammonium compounds, phenolics, and detergents, which disrupt viruses by insertion of the chemical into the virus membrane, coat, or other structure, which are established methods of viral disinfection secondary to methods of chemical oxidation and UV irradiation. In addition, there is a report of BHT use, topically against genital herpes lesions, a report of inhibitory activity
725:
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against pseudorabies (in cell culture), and two studies, in veterinary contexts, of use of BHT to attempt to protect against virus exposure (pseudorabies in mouse and swine, and
Newcastle in chickens). The relevance of other reports, regarding influenza in mice, is not easily discerned. Notably, this
2100:
Types of
Ingredients: Preservatives What They Do: Prevent food spoilage from ; maintain freshness Examples of Uses: Fruit sauces and jellies, beverages, baked goods, cured meats, oils and margarines, cereals, dressings, snack foods, fruits and vegetables Names Found on Product Labels: Ascorbic acid,
2538:
The term disparate here is purely descriptive, and not pejorative—each of the primary research reports that follow is distinct and dissimilar, and so they are as a set, disparate. Moreover, no group of articles constitute a series, reflecting long-term study of BHT in a host-virus pair by the same
1525:
Based on various, disparate primary research reports, BHT has been suggested to have anti-viral activity, and the reports divide into various study types. First, there are studies that describe virus inactivation—where treatment with the chemical results in disrupted or otherwise inactivated virus
1534:
Hence, at present, the results do not present a scientific consensus in favour of the conclusion of the general antiviral potential of BHT when dosed in humans. Moreover, as of March 2020, no guidance from any of the internationally recognized associations of infectious disease specialists had
1831:
Gharbi, Ines; Issaoui, Manel; El Gharbi, Sinda; Gazzeh, Nour-Eddine; Tekeya, Meriem; Mechri, Beligh; Flamini, Guido; Hammami, Mohamed (2017). "Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) emitted by fungi naturally occurring in olives during their pre-processing storage for improving olive oil stability".
1304:
Hazardous
Substances Data Bank under several categories in catalogues and databases, such as food additive, household product ingredient, industrial additive, personal care product/cosmetic ingredient, pesticide ingredient, plastic/rubber ingredient and medical/veterinary/research.
2983:, which is a review of the use of topical agents in treatment of herpes facialis and genitalis; this 18-year old review mentioning BHT in this topical application is irrelevant to its value as a general antiviral, and to its utility as an orally bioavailable agent in humans. See
1531:
series of primary research reports does not support a general conclusion of independent confirmation of the original research results, nor are there critical reviews appearing thereafter, in secondary sources, for the various host-virus systems studied with BHT.
1517:
discussed a possible link between BHT and cancer risk in 1986, and some primary research studies in the 1970s–1990s reported both potential for increased risk and potential for decreased risk in the area of oncology. Because of this uncertainty, the
2964:
As of March 2020, there are no examples in this series presenting primary research that reproduces earlier reported results—the reports generally present research results on distinct host-virus systems, rather than follow-up studies on the same
2974:
Search of Pubmed in March 2020 with the main field search string, "(BHT OR butylated hydroxytoluene) AND antiviral ", see next citation, to pull articles focused on antiviral effects of the agent produced a single review source,
1689:
1795:
Jiang G, Lin S, Wen L, Jiang Y, Zhao M, Chen F, Prasad KN, Duan X, Yang B (15 January 2013). "Identification of a novel phenolic compound in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pericarp and bioactivity evaluation".
1340:
BHT is used as a preservative ingredient in some foods. With this usage BHT maintains freshness or prevents spoilage; it may be used to decrease the rate at which the texture, color, or flavor of food changes.
1701:
Yehye WA, Rahman NA, Ariffin A, Abd Hamid SB, Alhadi AA, Kadir FA, Yaeghoobi M (28 August 2015). "Understanding the
Chemistry Behind the Antioxidant Activities of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT): A Review".
662:
2434:
Williams, GM; Iatropoulos, M. J (1996). "Inhibition of the hepatocarcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1 in rats by low levels of the phenolic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene".
1419:
to facilitate their safe storage. Some additive products contain BHT as their primary ingredient, while others contain the chemical merely as a component of their formulation, sometimes alongside
634:
2253:
Grohmann, Caio VinĂcius
Signorelli; Sinhoreti, Mário Alexandre Coelho; Soares, Eveline Freitas; Oliveira, Robson Ferraz de; Souza, Eduardo José de Carvalho; Geraldeli, Saulo (24 June 2022).
2915:
Chetverikova, L. K; Ki'Ldivatov, I. Iu; Inozemtseva, L. I; Kramskaia, T. A; Filippov, V. K; Frolov, B. A (1989). "Factors of
Antiviral Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Influenza in Mice".
1861:
Helmut Fiege, Heinz-Werner Voges, Toshikazu
Hamamoto, Sumio Umemura, Tadao Iwata, Hisaya Miki, Yasuhiro Fujita, Hans-Josef Buysch, Dorothea Garbe, Wilfried Paulus "Phenol Derivatives" in
2845:
Pirtle, E. C; Sacks, J. M; Nachman, R. J (1986). "Antiviral effectiveness of butylated hydroxytoluene against pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus in cell culture, mice, and swine".
1883:
Burton G. W., Ingold K. U. (1981). "Autoxidation of biological molecules. 1. Antioxidant activity of vitamin E and related chain-breaking phenolic antioxidants in vitro".
2034:
731:
2101:
citric acid, sodium benzoate, calcium propionate, sodium erythorbate, sodium nitrite, calcium sorbate, potassium sorbate, BHA, BHT, EDTA, tocopherols (Vitamin E)
739:
3509:
2592:
Kim, K. S; Moon, H. M; Sapienza, V; Carp, R. I; Pullarkat, R (1978). "Inactivation of cytomegalovirus and
Semliki Forest virus by butylated hydroxytoluene".
1612:
805:
2142:
Yehye, Wageeh A.; Rahman, Noorsaadah Abdul; Ariffin, Azhar; Abd Hamid, Sharifah Bee; Alhadi, Abeer A.; Kadir, Farkaad A.; Yaeghoobi, Marzieh (2015-08-28).
1476:
2991:[Local treatments using antiviral and non-antiviral drugs for herpes facialis and genitalis (excluding pregnant females and neonates at risk)].
1431:
The
European Union restricts the use of BHT in mouthwash to 0.001% concentration, in toothpaste to 0.01% concentration, and to 0.8% in other cosmetics.
2807:
Richards, J. T; Katz, M. E; Kern, E. R (1985). "Topical butylated hydroxytoluene treatment of genital herpes simplex virus infections of guinea pigs".
909:
2938:
Chetverikova LK, Inozemtseva LI (1996). "Role of Lipid
Peroxidation in the Pathogenesis of Influenza and Search for Antiviral Protective Agents".
753:
1554:"Teknisk beskrivning av ämnet—2,6-Bis(tert-butyl)-4-metylfenol 1994 [Information on substances—2,6-Bis(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol 1994]"
978:
that BHT was noncarcinogenic in an animal model, societal concerns over its broad use have been expressed. BHT has also been postulated as an
1649:
446:
2378:
170:
1228:
963:
982:
drug, but as of December 2022, use of BHT as a drug is not supported by the scientific literature and it has not been approved by any
746:
2091:
2066:"Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of butylated hydroxytoluene BHT (E 321) as a food additive | European Food Safety Authority"
1519:
1200:
1329:§ 137.350(a)(4) allows BHT up to 0.0033% by weight in "enriched rice", while 9 CFR § 381.147](f)(1) allows up to 0.01% in
904:
3028:
2988:"Traitements locaux, antiviraux ou non, dans la prise en charge de l'herpès oro-facial et génital (grossesse et nouveau-né exclus)"
1553:
1170:
2399:(1985). "Modification of aflatoxin B1 binding to DNA in vivo in rats fed phenolic antioxidants, ethoxyquin and a dithiothione".
1344:
Some food companies have voluntarily eliminated BHT from their products or have announced that they were going to phase it out.
1207:
3701:
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2044:
2114:
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3168:
2235:
1214:
2377:(Report). Vol. 40. World Health Organization: International Agency For Research On Cancer. 1986. pp. 161–206.
3696:
3706:
2650:
2549:
Snipes W, Person S, Keith A, Cupp J (4 April 1975). "Butylated Hydroxytoluene Inactivated Lipid-Containing Viruses".
2222:
1196:
411:
2722:
2353:
2317:
2255:"Effect of a polymerization inhibitor on the chemomechanical properties and consistency of experimental resin compo"
2016:
1984:
916:
3666:
3292:
1964:
1495:
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reaction by converting peroxy radicals to hydroperoxides. It effects this function by donating a hydrogen atom:
983:
1261:, a process whereby unsaturated (usually) organic compounds are attacked by atmospheric oxygen. BHT stops this
2747:
1185:
1012:
615:
3752:
2004:
3363:
3297:
2302:
2144:"Understanding the chemistry behind the antioxidant activities of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT): a review"
2039:
1499:
1322:
1314:
967:
690:
354:
248:
653:
3757:
3691:
2628:
1326:
375:
3104:
2682:"Persistence and Elimination of Human Norovirus in Food and on Food Contact Surfaces: A Critical Review"
3747:
3742:
3432:
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3259:
1381:
829:
816:
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1221:
210:
1951:
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1514:
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1318:
975:
260:
3727:
3642:
3161:
1420:
1416:
878:
392:
3136:
2872:
Brugh, M (1977). "Butylated hydroxytoluene protects chickens exposed to Newcastle disease virus".
1292:, and where ArOH is BHT or related phenolic antioxidants. Each BHT consumes two peroxy radicals.
1181:
3652:
3378:
3322:
3302:
1911:
1657:
1484:
1313:
BHT is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive. In the United States, it is classified as
1135:
2748:"Persistence of Coronaviruses on Inanimate Surfaces and Their Inactivation With Biocidal Agents"
3229:
2371:
1018:
1739:"Production of Natural Butylated Hydroxytoluene as an Antioxidant by Freshwater Phytoplankton"
1738:
230:
3737:
3732:
3425:
2318:"New restrictions for Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Acid Yellow 3 apply as of July 2023"
676:
646:
578:
2092:"Food Additives & Ingredients > Overview of Food Ingredients, Additives & Colors"
30:
2881:
2558:
2003:, National Cancer Institute, CARCINOGENESIS Technical Report Series No. 150, 1979, 128 pp
1753:
1002:
363:
52:
1177:
8:
3154:
2335:
1631:
1384:
1353:
1042:
146:
136:
2885:
2562:
1757:
1458:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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in fluids (e.g. fuels, oils) and other materials, and the regulations overseen by the
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2035:"9 CFR 3, Part 381.147 (Restrictions on the Use of Substances in Poultry Processing)"
1972:
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1959:
1923:
1912:"Radical-scavenging activity of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and its metabolites"
1892:
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1968:
1955:
1715:
1388:
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1029:
3029:"(BHT OR butylated hydroxytoluene) AND antiviral [TIAB] - PubMed - NCBI"
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3332:
3249:
2914:
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887:
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17:
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2633:
Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
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1870:
1262:
1075:
1007:
994:
971:
548:
538:
286:
241:
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study from 1979 in rats and mice. It is approved for use in the U.S. by the
3620:
3327:
3267:
3244:
3004:
2980:
2893:
2786:
2707:
2570:
2288:
2175:
1935:
1845:
1817:
1773:
1723:
1258:
1024:
955:
3081:
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID)
2951:
2924:
2858:
2828:
2539:
research team (the pair by Chetverikova et al. being the nearest to this).
2456:
2420:
752:
420:
InChI=1S/C15H24O/c1-10-8-11(14(2,3)4)13(16)12(9-10)15(5,6)7/h8-9,16H,1-7H3
3605:
3580:
3565:
3514:
3477:
3448:
3368:
3209:
3199:
2901:
2613:
2578:
2470:
Franklin, R. A (1976). "Butylated hydroxytoluene in sarcoma-prone dogs".
1507:
1071:
998:
951:
765:
430:
InChI=1/C15H24O/c1-10-8-11(14(2,3)4)13(16)12(9-10)15(5,6)7/h8-9,16H,1-7H3
2491:
2000:
1896:
738:
3595:
3585:
3575:
3570:
3542:
3532:
3489:
3358:
2001:
Bioassay of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) for Possible Carcinogenicity
1535:
advocated use of BHT products as an antiviral therapy or prophylactic.
1502:(GRAS) food preservative when used in an approved manner. In 1979, the
940:
745:
494:
261:
221:
1962:
3626:
3609:
3599:
3537:
3524:
3504:
3493:
3483:
3396:
3353:
3204:
1948:
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database.
1480:
1373:
1357:
1254:
979:
959:
1411:
and other solvents and laboratory chemicals. It is added to certain
1159:
886:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
3590:
3499:
3373:
3234:
3224:
3194:
1971:. US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank.
1910:
Fujisawa, Seiichiro; Kadoma, Yoshinori; Yokoe, Ichiro (July 2004).
1412:
1400:
1334:
1064:
1037:
711:
302:
278:
1606:
1551:
704:
169:
3615:
3307:
3239:
3076:
1392:
1330:
528:
314:
16:"E321" redirects here. For the Italian electric locomotive, see
3417:
3047:
2937:
2252:
1365:
1033:
947:
696:
521:
201:
3146:
1556:(in Swedish and English). Sundyberg, SE: KEMI . Archived from
1333:"by fat content". It is permitted in the European Union under
2680:
Cook, Nigel; Knight, Angus; Richards, Gary P. (1 July 2016).
1522:
puts BHT in its "caution" column and recommends avoiding it.
1408:
1285:
338:
181:
159:
2629:"Disinfection, Sterilization, and Control of Hospital Waste"
1830:
380:
3180:
2141:
1700:
1396:
1289:
846:
515:
293:
2745:
1949:
1882:
1257:, primarily acting as a terminating agent that suppresses
3101:
See for instance, this and the following two references:
1301:
2394:
2746:
Kampf G, Todt D, Pfaender S, Steinmann E (March 2020).
1352:
BHT is also used as an antioxidant in products such as
3054:. International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID)
1142:
by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation followed by
2984:
2548:
2520:. University of California Berkeley. February 1, 2011
1613:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
974:. Despite this, and the earlier determination by the
279:
2627:
Rutala, William A.; Weber, David J. (January 2015).
2591:
2433:
1909:
2986:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2679:
3077:"ESCMID—Search—Website Search—Search in Category"
3016:DOI, DERM-04-2002-129-4-C2-0151-9638-101019-ART18
3719:
2806:
1834:European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology
1794:
1063:of BHT in industry has involved the reaction of
326:
3111:. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)
2835:
2395:Kensler, TW; Egner, PA; Trush, MA; Bueding, E;
727:
700:
145:
3102:
3045:
2112:
1863:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
3433:
3162:
2364:
2336:"SCOGS (Select Committee on GRAS Substances)"
1506:determined that BHT was noncarcinogenic in a
3142:CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
2017:"CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21"
1985:"CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21"
1961:. US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map.
1690:Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1650:"Safety data for 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol"
1186:introducing citations to additional sources
3137:Chemistry of BHA and BHT Food Preservatives
2720:
2626:
1873:Article Online Posting Date: June 15, 2000.
3440:
3426:
3169:
3155:
2993:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
2985:Chosidow O, Lebrun-Vignes B (April 2002).
2354:"CFR—Code of Federal Regulations Title 21"
1857:
1855:
1134:Alternatively, BHT has been prepared from
954:properties. BHT is widely used to prevent
395:
251:
229:
2776:
2766:
2697:
2640:
2542:
2278:
1520:Center for Science in the Public Interest
362:
2917:Vestnik Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk SSSR
2469:
2305:. Scientific American. 19 December 2013.
2207:
1885:Journal of the American Chemical Society
1677:
1675:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1607:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
1479:, BHT has low acute toxicity (e.g., the
1176:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1054:
2847:American Journal of Veterinary Research
2315:
2295:
2217:, Synapse Information Resources, 2004.
2148:European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
1852:
1730:
1028:sp.) are capable of producing BHT as a
391:
3720:
2384:from the original on 5 September 2015.
1996:
1994:
1736:
1632:"ICSC 0841 - BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE"
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1575:
770:127 °C (261 °F; 400 K)
553:265 °C (509 °F; 538 K)
242:
3421:
3150:
2871:
2723:"Why Soap Works - The New York Times"
2137:
2135:
1672:
1619:
989:
543:70 °C (158 °F; 343 K)
423:Key: NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
209:
189:
1438:
1153:
121:3,5-(Dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxytoluene
2506:
2188:
2115:"The Food Babe: Enemy of Chemicals"
2113:Hamblin, James (11 February 2015).
2106:
1991:
1593:
1249:The species behaves as a synthetic
433:Key: NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYAU
317:
301:
13:
2642:10.1016/B978-1-4557-4801-3.00301-5
2594:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2132:
1583:"2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol"
1570:Vattenlöslighet: 1,1 mg/L (20 °C)
1280:• + ArO• → nonradical products
723:
14:
3769:
3130:
1928:10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2004.03.005
1434:
118:4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol
3447:
3103:IDSA Web Tools (12 March 2020).
3046:ISID Web Tools (12 March 2020).
2303:"BHA and BHT: A Case for Fresh?"
1766:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00596.x
1443:
1308:
1169:relies largely or entirely on a
1158:
1074:(2-methylpropene), catalyzed by
1046:) living in olives produce BHT.
894:
652:
481:
84:2,6-DI-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
38:
29:
3293:2,4-Dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol
3176:
3095:
3069:
3039:
3021:
2968:
2958:
2931:
2908:
2865:
2800:
2739:
2714:
2673:
2620:
2585:
2532:
2463:
2427:
2388:
2346:
2328:
2316:Slavova, Siana (23 June 2023).
2309:
2246:
2228:
2182:
2084:
2058:
2027:
2009:
1977:
1942:
1916:Chemistry and Physics of Lipids
1903:
1876:
1824:
1737:Babu B, Wu JT (December 2008).
1496:US Food and Drug Administration
1403:. BHT is also used to prevent
1295:
890:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
2372:Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
1810:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.089
1788:
1694:
1642:
1545:
1347:
1013:Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii
616:Occupational safety and health
487:
475:
454:CC(C)(C)c1cc(C)cc(c1O)C(C)(C)C
1:
3064:There are 0 results for 'BHT'
2721:Ferris Jabr (13 March 2020).
2514:"Two Preservatives to Avoid?"
2484:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)91766-9
2005:National Institutes of Health
1865:, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002.
1538:
1049:
1040:. Several fungi (for example
1006:, as well as three different
946:, chemically a derivative of
810:(US health exposure limits):
3364:Automatic transmission fluid
3298:Dinonylnaphthylsulfonic acid
3250:Racing fuel (Tetraethyllead)
2821:10.1016/0166-3542(85)90042-7
2699:10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-570
2449:10.1016/0304-3835(96)04228-0
2160:10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.026
2040:Food and Drug Administration
1716:10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.026
1500:generally recognized as safe
1426:
1380:, where BHT is known as the
1323:Food and Drug Administration
1315:generally recognized as safe
1273:• + ArOH → ROOH + ArO•
1149:
970:"—allow small amounts to be
968:generally recognized as safe
966:—which considers BHT to be "
7:
778:or concentration (LD, LC):
10:
3774:
3288:Dimethyl methylphosphonate
2768:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022
2686:Journal of Food Protection
2271:10.1590/0103-6440202204242
2191:"Butylated Hydroxytoluene"
1475:Like many closely related
1197:"Butylated hydroxytoluene"
115:Dibutylated hydroxytoluene
15:
3684:
3635:
3455:
3387:
3346:
3258:
3187:
2919:(in Russian) (11): 63–8.
2215:Handbook of Preservatives
1686:GESTIS Substance Database
1515:World Health Organization
1504:National Cancer Institute
1494:of >9 g/kg). The
1452:This section needs to be
1319:National Cancer Institute
1036:also produces BHT in its
986:for use as an antiviral.
976:National Cancer Institute
950:, that is useful for its
884:
867:
804:
774:
633:
613:
608:
462:
442:
407:
129:
67:
51:
46:
37:
28:
24:Butylated hydroxytoluene
3648:Butylated hydroxytoluene
3643:Butylated hydroxyanisole
3273:Butylated hydroxytoluene
2940:Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk
2259:Brazilian Dental Journal
2213:Michael Ash, Irene Ash,
2195:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1871:10.1002/14356007.a19_313
1421:butylated hydroxyanisole
1417:polymerisation inhibitor
929:Butylated hydroxytoluene
879:Butylated hydroxyanisole
691:Precautionary statements
3379:Windshield washer fluid
3323:Methyl tert-butyl ether
3303:2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol
3215:Lead Replacement Petrol
2606:10.1093/infdis/138.1.91
1552:KEMI Anställd (1994).
1485:2,6-di-tert-butylphenol
510:White to yellow powder
91:-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene
3230:Compressed natural gas
3048:"You searched for BHT"
2894:10.1126/science.897670
2571:10.1126/science.163494
2413:10.1093/carcin/6.5.759
2021:www.accessdata.fda.gov
1958:.US EPA. InertFinder.
1846:10.1002/ejlt.201600343
1070:(4-methylphenol) with
1019:Microcystis aeruginosa
984:drug regulatory agency
734:
1407:formation in organic
1300:BHT is listed by the
1055:Industrial production
937:dibutylhydroxytoluene
733:
61:-butyl-4-methylphenol
3753:Tert-butyl compounds
3033:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
2098:. 20 February 2020.
1746:Journal of Phycology
1182:improve this article
1003:Botryococcus braunii
800:mg/kg (dermal, rat)
716:(fire diamond)
53:Preferred IUPAC name
2886:1977Sci...197.1291B
2563:1975Sci...188...64S
1897:10.1021/ja00411a035
1758:2008JPcgy..44.1447B
1477:phenol antioxidants
1354:metalworking fluids
1043:Aspergillus conicus
560:Solubility in water
502: g/mol
287:(antioxidants, ...)
25:
3758:E-number additives
3662:1,2-Diaminopropane
3463:6-Hydroxymelatonin
3283:1,2-Dichloroethane
2809:Antiviral Research
2727:The New York Times
2070:www.efsa.europa.eu
1967:2015-09-05 at the
1954:2015-09-05 at the
1654:ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk
1513:Nevertheless, the
1498:classifies BHT as
1378:petroleum industry
1325:: For example, 21
1317:(GRAS) based on a
1061:chemical synthesis
990:Natural occurrence
917:Infobox references
868:Related compounds
849:(Immediate danger)
735:
23:
3748:Food antioxidants
3743:Fuel antioxidants
3715:
3714:
3636:Fuel antioxidants
3527:
3478:Alpha-lipoic acid
3471:
3456:Food antioxidants
3415:
3414:
3338:Tetranitromethane
3318:Metal deactivator
3278:1,2-Dibromoethane
3092:Search for "bht".
2999:(4–C2): 635–645.
2518:Berkeley Wellness
1891:(21): 6472–6477.
1704:Eur. J. Med. Chem
1560:on 11 August 2011
1473:
1472:
1247:
1246:
1232:
935:), also known as
925:Chemical compound
923:
922:
874:Related compounds
859:Safety data sheet
677:Hazard statements
376:CompTox Dashboard
171:Interactive image
3765:
3560:-Acetylserotonin
3525:
3469:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3419:
3418:
3402:MTBE controversy
3171:
3164:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3124:
3123:
3121:No results found
3118:
3116:
3105:"Search Results"
3099:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3011:
2990:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2880:(4310): 1291–2.
2869:
2863:
2862:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2780:
2770:
2752:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2644:
2635:: 3294–3309.e4.
2624:
2618:
2617:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2546:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2376:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2232:
2226:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2043:. Archived from
2031:
2025:
2024:
2013:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1880:
1874:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1752:(6): 1447–1454.
1743:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1698:
1692:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1656:. Archived from
1646:
1640:
1639:
1628:
1617:
1616:
1604:
1591:
1590:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1549:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1389:hydraulic fluids
1387:, it is used in
1370:transformer oils
1242:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1190:
1162:
1154:
997:, including the
944:organic compound
907:
901:
898:
897:
839:
799:
755:
748:
741:
726:
706:
702:
698:
684:
656:
603:
599:
572:
568:
501:
489:
483:
477:
470:Chemical formula
400:
399:
384:
382:
366:
330:
319:
305:
281:
263:
255:
244:
233:
213:
193:
173:
149:
42:
33:
26:
22:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3728:Natural phenols
3718:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3680:
3676:Ethylenediamine
3667:2,4-Dimethyl-6-
3631:
3551:-Acetylcysteine
3451:
3446:
3416:
3411:
3407:Pay at the pump
3383:
3342:
3313:Ethylenediamine
3254:
3195:Gasoline/petrol
3183:
3175:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3114:
3112:
3100:
3096:
3085:
3083:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3057:
3055:
3044:
3040:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3009:
3007:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2959:
2936:
2932:
2913:
2909:
2870:
2866:
2843:
2836:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2755:J. Hosp. Infect
2750:
2744:
2740:
2731:
2729:
2719:
2715:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2663:
2653:
2625:
2621:
2590:
2586:
2557:(4183): 64–66.
2547:
2543:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2468:
2464:
2432:
2428:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2314:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2251:
2247:
2240:Millipore Sigma
2234:
2233:
2229:
2212:
2208:
2199:
2197:
2187:
2183:
2140:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2111:
2107:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2050:
2048:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2015:
2014:
2010:
1999:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1969:Wayback Machine
1956:Wayback Machine
1947:
1943:
1908:
1904:
1881:
1877:
1860:
1853:
1840:(11): 1600343.
1829:
1825:
1793:
1789:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1699:
1695:
1680:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1660:on 21 June 2002
1648:
1647:
1643:
1630:
1629:
1620:
1605:
1594:
1587:www.chemsrc.com
1581:
1580:
1576:
1563:
1561:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1492:
1483:analog of BHT,
1469:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1429:
1362:pharmaceuticals
1350:
1311:
1298:
1279:
1272:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1191:
1189:
1175:
1163:
1152:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1057:
1052:
1030:natural product
992:
926:
919:
914:
913:
912: ?)
903:
899:
895:
891:
875:
850:
837:
833:
820:
797:
793:
787:
760:
759:
758:
757:
750:
743:
736:
732:
724:
693:
679:
665:
649:
626:
601:
597:
570:
566:
562:
499:
486:
480:
472:
458:
455:
450:
449:
438:
435:
434:
431:
425:
424:
421:
415:
414:
403:
385:
378:
369:
349:
333:
320:
308:
273:
236:
216:
196:
176:
163:
152:
139:
125:
124:
112:Additin RC 7110
109:Antioxidant 264
63:
62:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3771:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3664:
3659:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3618:
3613:
3603:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3554:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3522:
3520:Hydroxytyrosol
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3333:Tetraethyllead
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3260:Fuel additives
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3132:
3131:External links
3129:
3126:
3125:
3094:
3068:
3038:
3020:
2967:
2957:
2942:(in Russian).
2930:
2907:
2864:
2834:
2799:
2761:(3): 246–251.
2738:
2713:
2692:(7): 1273–94.
2672:
2651:
2619:
2584:
2541:
2531:
2505:
2478:(7972): 1296.
2462:
2437:Cancer Letters
2426:
2407:(5): 759–763.
2401:Carcinogenesis
2387:
2363:
2345:
2327:
2308:
2294:
2245:
2227:
2206:
2181:
2131:
2105:
2083:
2072:. 7 March 2012
2057:
2026:
2008:
1990:
1976:
1941:
1922:(2): 189–195.
1902:
1875:
1851:
1823:
1798:Food Chemistry
1787:
1729:
1693:
1671:
1641:
1636:www.inchem.org
1618:
1592:
1574:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1490:
1471:
1470:
1451:
1449:
1442:
1436:
1435:Health effects
1433:
1428:
1425:
1376:fluid. In the
1349:
1346:
1310:
1307:
1297:
1294:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1245:
1244:
1180:. Please help
1166:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1144:hydrogenolysis
1132:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
991:
988:
972:added to foods
924:
921:
920:
915:
893:
892:
888:standard state
885:
882:
881:
876:
873:
870:
869:
865:
864:
862:
855:
854:
851:
845:
842:
841:
834:
828:
825:
824:
821:
815:
812:
811:
802:
801:
794:
785:
783:
780:
779:
772:
771:
768:
762:
761:
751:
744:
737:
722:
721:
720:
719:
717:
708:
707:
694:
689:
686:
685:
680:
675:
672:
671:
666:
661:
658:
657:
650:
645:
642:
641:
631:
630:
627:
624:
621:
620:
611:
610:
606:
605:
594:
592:Vapor pressure
588:
587:
584:
575:
574:
563:
558:
555:
554:
551:
545:
544:
541:
535:
534:
531:
525:
524:
518:
512:
511:
508:
504:
503:
497:
491:
490:
484:
478:
473:
468:
465:
464:
460:
459:
457:
456:
453:
445:
444:
443:
440:
439:
437:
436:
432:
429:
428:
426:
422:
419:
418:
410:
409:
408:
405:
404:
402:
401:
388:
386:
374:
371:
370:
368:
367:
359:
357:
351:
350:
348:
347:
343:
341:
335:
334:
332:
331:
323:
321:
313:
310:
309:
307:
306:
298:
296:
290:
289:
283:
275:
274:
272:
271:
267:
265:
257:
256:
246:
238:
237:
235:
234:
226:
224:
218:
217:
215:
214:
206:
204:
198:
197:
195:
194:
186:
184:
178:
177:
175:
174:
166:
164:
157:
154:
153:
151:
150:
142:
140:
135:
132:
131:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
85:
82:
70:
69:
65:
64:
56:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
18:FS Class E.321
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3770:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3484:Ascorbic acid
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3431:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3122:
3110:
3109:IDSociety.org
3106:
3098:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3065:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3017:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2961:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2853:(9): 1892–5.
2852:
2848:
2841:
2839:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2815:(5): 281–90.
2814:
2810:
2803:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2676:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2652:9781455748013
2648:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
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2061:
2047:on 2009-07-09
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2018:
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1645:
1638:. March 1999.
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1398:
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1383:
1382:fuel additive
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
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1309:Food additive
1306:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1275:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:autocatalytic
1260:
1256:
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1241:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
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1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199: –
1198:
1194:
1193:Find sources:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1171:single source
1167:This section
1165:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:sulfuric acid
1073:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1008:cyanobacteria
1005:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:Phytoplankton
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
942:
938:
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930:
918:
911:
906:
889:
883:
880:
877:
872:
871:
866:
863:
860:
857:
856:
852:
848:
844:
843:
835:
832:(Recommended)
831:
827:
826:
822:
819:(Permissible)
818:
814:
813:
809:
808:
803:
795:
791:
782:
781:
777:
773:
769:
767:
764:
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749:
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564:
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557:
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549:Boiling point
547:
546:
542:
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539:Melting point
537:
536:
532:
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523:
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517:
514:
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393:DTXSID2020216
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250:
247:
245:
243:ECHA InfoCard
240:
239:
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220:
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212:
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72:
71:
66:
60:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
3738:Alkylphenols
3733:Antioxidants
3692:Folin method
3685:Measurements
3671:-butylphenol
3668:
3657:-butylphenol
3654:
3647:
3623:(coenzyme Q)
3606:Tocotrienols
3557:
3548:
3449:Antioxidants
3328:Nitromethane
3272:
3268:Butyl rubber
3245:Butanol fuel
3120:
3113:. Retrieved
3108:
3097:
3084:. Retrieved
3080:
3071:
3063:
3056:. Retrieved
3051:
3041:
3032:
3023:
3015:
3008:. Retrieved
2996:
2992:
2970:
2960:
2946:(3): 37–40.
2943:
2939:
2933:
2916:
2910:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2850:
2846:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2790:. Retrieved
2758:
2754:
2741:
2730:. Retrieved
2726:
2716:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2664:. Retrieved
2632:
2622:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2534:
2524:12 September
2522:. Retrieved
2517:
2508:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2443:(1): 49–53.
2440:
2436:
2429:
2404:
2400:
2397:Groopman, JD
2390:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2322:Obelis Group
2321:
2311:
2297:
2265:(3): 92–98.
2262:
2258:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2214:
2209:
2198:. Retrieved
2194:
2184:
2151:
2147:
2124:12 September
2122:. Retrieved
2119:The Atlantic
2118:
2108:
2099:
2095:
2086:
2074:. Retrieved
2069:
2060:
2049:. Retrieved
2045:the original
2038:
2029:
2020:
2011:
1979:
1944:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1862:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1804:(2): 563–8.
1801:
1797:
1790:
1749:
1745:
1732:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1662:. Retrieved
1658:the original
1653:
1644:
1635:
1586:
1577:
1569:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:the original
1547:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1512:
1474:
1461:
1453:
1430:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1312:
1299:
1296:Applications
1283:
1259:autoxidation
1248:
1235:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1192:
1168:
1140:-butylphenol
1137:
1133:
1094:)OH + 2 CH
1065:
1058:
1041:
1032:. The fruit
1025:Oscillatoria
1023:
1017:
1011:
1001:
993:
956:free radical
936:
932:
928:
927:
806:
775:
712:
668:
635:
625:Main hazards
614:
580:
339:RTECS number
130:Identifiers
88:
78:
74:
68:Other names
58:
3596:Tocopherols
3581:Resveratrol
3566:Oleocanthal
3515:Glutathione
3510:Polyphenols
3490:Carotenoids
3486:(vitamin C)
3369:Brake fluid
3220:Electricity
3210:Biogasoline
2600:(1): 91–4.
2154:: 295–312.
2096:www.fda.gov
1710:: 295–312.
1508:mouse model
1348:Antioxidant
1284:where R is
1072:isobutylene
999:green algae
964:U.S. F.D.A.
952:antioxidant
790:median dose
776:Lethal dose
766:Flash point
663:Signal word
619:(OHS/OSH):
533:1.048 g/cm
507:Appearance
463:Properties
249:100.004.439
191:CHEBI:34247
3722:Categories
3621:Ubiquinone
3586:Selegiline
3576:Rasagiline
3571:Oleuropein
3543:Mofegiline
3533:Ladostigil
3528:-carnitine
3472:-carnitine
3359:Antifreeze
3188:Fuel types
2732:2020-03-13
2666:2020-03-13
2236:"Solvents"
2200:2023-09-01
2051:2019-12-16
1664:17 January
1539:References
1464:March 2020
1399:oils, and
1238:March 2020
1208:newspapers
1050:Production
958:-mediated
941:lipophilic
796:> 2,000
647:Pictograms
629:Flammable
495:Molar mass
364:1P9D0Z171K
222:ChemSpider
158:3D model (
137:CAS Number
3627:Uric acid
3610:vitamin E
3600:vitamin E
3538:Melatonin
3505:Edaravone
3494:vitamin A
3397:Fuel card
3354:Motor oil
3205:Biodiesel
2189:PubChem.
2168:1768-3254
2076:4 October
1487:, has an
1481:desmethyl
1427:Cosmetics
1401:jet fuels
1374:embalming
1358:cosmetics
1255:vitamin E
1178:talk page
1150:Reactions
980:antiviral
960:oxidation
638:labelling
346:GO7875000
270:204-881-4
262:EC Number
211:ChEMBL146
3591:Selenium
3500:Curcumin
3374:Gear oil
3235:Hydrogen
3225:Kerosene
3115:12 March
3086:12 March
3058:12 March
3052:ISID.org
3010:12 March
3005:12122334
2981:12122334
2965:systems.
2792:14 March
2787:32035997
2708:27357051
2661:79423095
2500:54366594
2379:Archived
2289:35766722
2176:26150290
1965:Archived
1952:Archived
1936:15172835
1818:23122098
1782:26084768
1774:27039859
1724:26150290
1615:(NIOSH).
1564:14 March
1528:in vitro
1413:monomers
1405:peroxide
1038:pericarp
713:NFPA 704
609:Hazards
600:mmHg (20
569:mg/L (20
522:phenolic
520:Slight,
280:E number
231:13835296
147:128-37-0
106:Avox BHT
3653:2,6-Di-
3616:Tyrosol
3474:(ALCAR)
3468:Acetyl-
3308:Ecalene
3240:Ethanol
2952:8672960
2925:2623936
2882:Bibcode
2874:Science
2859:3021025
2829:2998276
2778:7132493
2559:Bibcode
2551:Science
2457:8640745
2421:3924431
2358:FDA.gov
2340:FDA.gov
2280:9645198
1754:Bibcode
1688:of the
1684:in the
1682:Record
1609:"#0246"
1454:updated
1423:(BHA).
1393:turbine
1331:poultry
1222:scholar
1136:2,6-di-
1106:→ ((CH
1068:-cresol
939:, is a
910:what is
908: (
669:Warning
529:Density
500:220.356
315:PubChem
87:3,5-Di-
81:-cresol
77:-butyl-
73:2,6-Di-
57:2,6-Di-
3389:Retail
3347:Fluids
3200:Diesel
3003:
2979:
2950:
2923:
2902:897670
2900:
2857:
2827:
2785:
2775:
2706:
2659:
2649:
2614:210237
2612:
2579:163494
2577:
2498:
2490:
2472:Lancet
2455:
2419:
2287:
2277:
2221:
2174:
2166:
1934:
1816:
1780:
1772:
1722:
1409:ethers
1372:, and
1366:rubber
1251:analog
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1034:lychee
948:phenol
905:verify
902:
861:(SDS)
838:
836:TWA 10
798:
602:
598:
571:
567:
447:SMILES
303:D02413
202:ChEMBL
47:Names
3562:(NAS)
3553:(NAC)
3480:(ALA)
3181:fuels
3178:Motor
2751:(PDF)
2657:S2CID
2496:S2CID
2492:73719
2382:(PDF)
2375:(PDF)
1778:S2CID
1742:(PDF)
1415:as a
1385:AO-29
1286:alkyl
1229:JSTOR
1215:books
1098:=C(CH
853:N.D.
840:mg/m
823:None
807:NIOSH
586:5.32
412:InChI
328:31404
285:E321
182:ChEBI
160:JSmol
103:AO-29
3707:FRAP
3702:TEAC
3697:ORAC
3669:tert
3655:tert
3117:2020
3088:2020
3060:2020
3012:2020
3001:PMID
2977:PMID
2948:PMID
2921:PMID
2898:PMID
2855:PMID
2825:PMID
2794:2020
2783:PMID
2704:PMID
2647:ISBN
2610:PMID
2575:PMID
2526:2015
2488:PMID
2453:PMID
2417:PMID
2285:PMID
2219:ISBN
2172:PMID
2164:ISSN
2126:2015
2078:2015
1932:PMID
1814:PMID
1770:PMID
1720:PMID
1666:2022
1566:2020
1397:gear
1395:and
1335:E321
1290:aryl
1201:news
1138:tert
1059:The
1022:and
847:IDLH
705:P501
701:P391
697:P273
683:H410
604:°C)
596:0.01
579:log
573:°C)
516:Odor
355:UNII
294:KEGG
100:E321
94:DBPC
89:tert
75:tert
59:tert
2997:129
2890:doi
2878:197
2817:doi
2773:PMC
2763:doi
2759:104
2694:doi
2637:doi
2602:doi
2598:138
2567:doi
2555:188
2480:doi
2445:doi
2441:104
2409:doi
2275:PMC
2267:doi
2156:doi
2152:101
1924:doi
1920:130
1893:doi
1889:103
1867:doi
1842:doi
1838:119
1806:doi
1802:136
1762:doi
1712:doi
1708:101
1327:CFR
1302:NIH
1288:or
1253:of
1184:by
933:BHT
830:REL
817:PEL
636:GHS
565:1.1
381:EPA
318:CID
97:BHT
3724::
3119:.
3107:.
3079:.
3062:.
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2888:.
2876:.
2851:47
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