9172:
277:
4388:
4914:
1707:
6666:
30:
4739:
6341:
2603:
5712:
1066:
207:
partake in imperial and religious affairs. Although governmental power was most often vested only in the emperor, empresses could gain significant authority as regents for young children or when their husbands were absent. Though they were bound by the wishes and temperaments of their husbands, empress consorts could at times also effectively become influential co-regents. In some cases, emperors reinforced their legitimacy through marrying the daughter of a previous emperor. In such cases, empresses sometimes stressed their dynastic legitimacy, greater than that of their husbands, to achieve great influence. Several influential consorts, such as
8032:
573:
13542:
9258:
2009:
1281:
1599:
2876:
4793:
2741:
6399:
4642:
4586:
3399:
7836:
7677:
4127:
625:
7388:
1426:
2065:
1792:
7601:
8499:
935:
3534:
4693:
6248:
3936:
6554:
760:
2531:
3665:
2816:
1379:
4465:
3027:
4325:
6863:
1830:
3726:
3268:
7224:
2485:
3775:
2653:
349:
7494:
3807:
406:
2311:
1752:
4536:
4864:
442:
6072:
3188:
684:
7109:
8620:
1134:
5927:
835:
525:
8290:
3865:
2171:
9000:
7783:
15483:
9066:
1006:
1514:
2119:
1966:
8669:
2430:
4018:
2213:
8771:
1211:
2255:
13528:
1660:
1920:
6753:
3127:
12349:
469:
6486:
9041:, betrothed on 17 August 1355. She was captured alongside Andronikos following his failed rebellion in 1373. Andronikos escaped and deposed his father in 1376, but was deposed on 1 July 1379 and forced to flee. Their imperial status was re-acknowledged in May 1381. She became a nun under the monastic name of "Mathissa".
63:. The duties, power and influence of empresses varied over time depending on the time period, contemporary politics and the personalities of their husband and themselves. Empresses were typically highly regarded and respected, and many wielded great influence over imperial affairs. Several empresses at times served as
9816:
was proclaimed co-emperor in 1377. He deposed his father in 1390, but was quickly defeated. He was released and ruled as regent during Manuel's absence (1399–1403), although it's not clear whether he ruled as "emperor". He was expelled from
Constantinople as soon as Manuel returned, but was appointed
206:
Though the constitutional power of empresses was never defined, it was generally accepted that their coronation, performed after that of their husbands, granted them some imperial power. Often, their primary duties were to oversee the organization of ceremonies at the imperial court as well as to
9171:
9376:
Suetonius states that
Caligula divorced Paulina "in a short time". Dio explains that Caesonia was Caligulas' mistress and that she got pregnant during this time. Suetonius writes that Caesonia married on the same day she gave birth, while Dio states that she married one month before giving
6918:
8853:, married John in 1318, proclaimed empress alongside him in October 1341. She had an active role in military affairs, even commanding the defenses of Constantinople twice. She retired to a monastery alongside her husband under the name "Eugenia", dying sometime before 1379.
160:
Given that there were sometimes more than one concurrent Roman emperor, there were also sometimes two or more concurrent Roman empresses. For most of the period from 286 to 480, the Roman Empire, though remaining a single polity, was administratively divided into the
169:. Through most of this period, the separated imperial courts had their own lines of succession, and as a result their own sequences of concurrent Roman empresses. The western empire fell in the late 5th century, its final empress being the
9366:
Divorced "within a few days" according to
Suetonius, but "before two months had elapsed" according to Dio. The latter figure may actually refer to the period between the divorce and her exile, which was two years according to
156:
were not used by all empresses, and since such titles could also be granted to other imperial women, such as mothers, sisters and mistresses of emperors, not all women who bore the title were empresses either.
12607:
12446:
12402:
12381:
9600:
The name and background of
Nikephoros I's wife is not given in any primary source. Some modern historians mistakenly call her Prokopia, out of confusion with her daughter (and later also empress)
9591:
empress-regnant during almost all of
Constantine VI's reign. She was banished in December 791, but was recalled and proclaimed empress (and in practice co-ruler) a month later, on 15 January 792.
9507:
Flaccilla is called "Flavia" in a few inscriptions. She probably adopted the name following the accession of her husband, who also used "Flavius" as part of his nomenclature. Emperors after the
12430:
11708:
4413:, married Zeno in 466/467. A very influential woman in court, she elected Anastasius as successor and married him immediately after Zeno's death. The third longest-reigning empress, after
13652:
11684:
11620:
12551:
12507:
12479:
11548:
11500:
8924:
escaped his imprisonment and regained the throne on July 1379, but Helena was taken hostage and was not released until May 1381. Became a nun and changed her name to "Hypomone".
11150:
5391:
11524:
14362:
11596:
11441:
11126:
12591:
11381:
11317:
12535:
12305:
11660:
11572:
11269:
11417:
11293:
11245:
11221:
9742:
Some
Palaiologan empresses displayed over-complicated surnames, probably as an imitation of their husband's (although theirs were justified by their long ancestry, see
11174:
11341:
6585:
6792:
after
Theodora's death. Became very influential in court until Constantine became sole ruler (945), later dying of an illness. The second longest-reigning empress.
9284:
5765:
in 787. She took full power after deposing and blinding her son on 19 August 797. She was herself deposed and banished in 802, later dying of natural causes.
14595:
13450:
2961:
Obscure figure, married to
Constantine II by 335 and alive at the time of his death. Perhaps a daughter of one of Constantine I's half-brothers.
1099:
9321:
8119:
173:. The eastern empire, often referred to as the 'Byzantine Empire' by modern historians, endured for almost another millennium until its fall through the
8471:. Given that no seals or documents of other empresses have survived, it is not known if all of them used the title, although it's most likely they did.
9395:
records the birthday of "Faustina wife of
Antoninus" as 20/22 September. However, it's not possible to determine if this refers to Faustina I, wife of
6379:
alongside her sisters. Appeared to have been associated to the imperial office with an even higher status than
Michael. She later became a mistress to
305:
276:
13575:
12617:
12601:
12561:
12545:
12517:
12489:
12461:
12440:
12412:
12396:
12363:
12359:
12315:
9249:, she was disliked because of her appearance and thus lived in isolation. She divorced John and returned to Italy, where she died on 21 August 1434.
8320:
8118:, as the legitimate Roman emperors during this period as the Nicene Empire eventually retook Constantinople. For the other lines of empresses, see
11484:
15471:
13825:
13726:
10211:
459:
Born on 3 June of an unknown date, married to another man before becoming Caligula's mistress. Murdered alongside Caligula and their daughter
15159:
13736:
13669:
13684:
13679:
12779:
9664:
She stopped being empress for 6 months in 963, between the death of Romanos II (15 March) and her marriage to Nikephoros II (20 September).
8968:
11800:
14760:
13746:
13721:
13299:
9287:, arrived in Constantinople on 30 August 1427. She became a nun shortly before her death in 1439, adopting the monastic name "Makaria".
15111:
15094:
13751:
13731:
8070:. Effectively ruled the Empire on behalf of her husband. She was captured by the Crusaders in 1204, but was later released in 1209/10.
6888:, born as "Bertha". Betrothed to Romanos II in September 944, she died in 949, aged no more than 10 years old. She is not recorded as
16267:
15522:
14810:
14656:
14628:
14272:
14264:
13741:
13674:
12638:
9316:
8504:
8452:
7634:
4951:
12892:
11110:
9091:, arrived in Constantinople in December 1391, during Manuel's travels in the West. She ruled as regent between the death of her son
15006:
14367:
2037:
11820:
11736:
7432:
between Constantine's death (23 November) and her marriage to Romanos (1 January). She resumed her regency in October 1071, after
4616:
524. Although their union caused much scandal, she became one of Justinian's main advisers and took an active role in government.
16425:
14855:
11784:
8850:
11852:
16343:
16309:
16151:
15335:
14860:
11768:
11082:
8951:
8743:
7009:
16430:
15259:
14019:
13568:
13439:
13265:
13210:
13105:
13080:
13016:
12995:
12974:
12953:
12881:
12856:
12832:
12764:
12735:
12711:
7528:. Married Nikephoros shortly after the deposition of Michael VII in April 1078. Spent her last days in a Georgian monastery.
863:
460:
11896:
11880:
4714:
in 574. Initially opposed by Sophia, she later became the mother-in-law of Maurice and died sometime after, perhaps in 593.
15011:
14870:
14158:
12698:
11836:
9897:
1299:
487:
10158:
9469:, p. 317, give her name as "Albia (?) Dominica", but does not elaborate. This name is not mentioned by the
16272:
14002:
11912:
9536:
8562:
372:
11235:
16217:
16014:
15340:
14753:
13418:
12756:
11494:
11120:
8648:
7841:
5073:
4387:
1816:
1397:
711:
10221:
1706:
15796:
15441:
14007:
13471:
13397:
13130:
12648:
11092:
9743:
7991:
4913:
3431:
3059:
491:
17:
12867:
8655:. Proposed the idea of splitting the realm between her sons, but this was rejected by Andronikos and she retired to
3798:
Daughter of Stilicho; divorced Honorius following Stilicho's death in August 408. Died sometime before 30 July 415.
14504:
13561:
8374:
7648:
2988:
29:
16044:
15476:
15298:
13830:
13598:
13493:
6346:
5633:
2923:
301:
12172:
16019:
15948:
15446:
15436:
15308:
15229:
15047:
14915:
14487:
14431:
14352:
14219:
5321:
5124:
4591:
3211:
715:
428:
208:
13295:
The Byzantine Family of Kantakouzenos (Cantacuzenus), ca. 1100–1460: A Genealogical and Prosopographical Study
140:(denoting a sole ruler). In the third century, empresses could also receive various honorific titles, such as
16100:
16039:
15515:
15303:
15293:
15208:
14963:
14748:
12906:
11988:
6731:
6695:, originally a concubine of Leo. She was expelled after Leo's death, but returned and deposed the regency of
6425:
6370:
6253:
5604:
4989:
14183:
12662:
16420:
16227:
16156:
16141:
16009:
15841:
15826:
15377:
15345:
15249:
14958:
14930:
14738:
14277:
9326:
8532:
8191:
8037:
7155:(21 April–11 June 1042). After this she had little involvement in politics, later dying of natural causes.
7059:
6818:
6785:
6665:
6340:
6103:
and rival emperor in 808. Become a nun after the murder of her husband; retained several of her privileges
5027:
4738:
3894:
3589:
3489:
3404:
216:
9924:
2602:
16435:
16089:
15682:
15101:
14743:
14590:
14347:
14098:
12052:
7178:
6158:
2456:
12140:
12020:
1065:
15421:
15367:
15106:
14978:
14968:
14668:
14548:
14426:
14357:
14245:
14214:
14057:
13997:
12945:
9767:
9306:
9096:
9038:
8799:
8749:
7552:
7327:
2083:
778:
9257:
7643:
1078, crowned on 11 April 1081. Forced to retire to a monastery after the failed plot of her daughter
16262:
16146:
16084:
16050:
15763:
15281:
14805:
14661:
14446:
14337:
14224:
13221:
9801:
9755:
9246:
9044:
8917:
8598:
8391:
8327:
was born in 1221. She had an accident after his birth and retired under the monastic name "Eugenia".
8274:
7204:
7152:
6923:
6077:
5662:
3906:
2608:
2008:
1280:
12941:
The Byzantine Hellene: The Life of Emperor Theodore Laskaris and Byzantium in the Thirteenth Century
8031:
16415:
16094:
15508:
14580:
14332:
13819:
13698:
13505:
12703:
8538:
8528:
8408:
8114:
in the city, modern historians recognize the line of emperors of the Laskaris dynasty, reigning in
6688:
6208:
5762:
2964:
1621:
572:
12112:
12084:
16180:
16169:
16029:
15801:
15786:
15486:
14910:
14636:
14456:
14342:
13547:
13511:
13141:
12804:
9280:
8691:
8498:
8323:
in February 1216, but he died shortly after. Irene should have married John very soon after, for
8278:
7999:
7750:
7393:
7229:
7144:
5711:
5506:
4717:
3132:
2875:
2746:
859:
432:
13276:
3159:; wrongly called "Constantina" in some sources. Died around Julian's accession as sole emperor.
16364:
15893:
15703:
15411:
15001:
14843:
14287:
14093:
14067:
14062:
13835:
13811:
13807:
13774:
12818:
12808:
12796:
11922:
11906:
11890:
11862:
11846:
11830:
11814:
11794:
11778:
11750:
11730:
11702:
11678:
11642:
11614:
11590:
11566:
11542:
11518:
11459:
11435:
11399:
11359:
11335:
11311:
11287:
11263:
11192:
11168:
11144:
10168:
9511:
were often addressed as "Flavius", but it was used as an honorific rather than a personal name.
9301:
9143:
8697:
8237:
7995:
7878:
7699:
6247:
4233:
3697:
2625:
2503:
2070:
1598:
174:
170:
13429:
13255:
13200:
13091:
13006:
12985:
9523:
continued to claim the imperial title in exile until May 480. He was apparently recognized by
7987:
16237:
16175:
16106:
15963:
15575:
15129:
14983:
14173:
14083:
14047:
13932:
13662:
13657:
13389:
13095:
13070:
12667:
9826:
9508:
9206:
9102:
9092:
8978:
8909:
8856:
8811:
8521:
8316:
8270:
8166:
7914:
7866:
7823:
7754:
7310:
7266:
after the latter's death on 11 January 1055. Died of natural causes shortly after appointing
6404:
6398:
6302:
5004:
4943:
4744:
4561:
of barbarian origin, born as "Lupicina". Originally a slave and later concubine of Justin I.
3045:
2854:
1030:
530:
182:
16394:
indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and
13116:
6239:, but was later recalled and married Michael, perhaps at the age of 50. Still alive by 836.
3398:
2740:
1306:
after her marriage with Commodus, sometime before 3 August 178. Exiled to Capri for alleged
228:
16338:
16257:
16116:
16024:
15851:
15657:
15620:
15372:
15355:
15176:
14935:
14900:
14783:
14720:
14715:
14250:
14193:
12774:
10807:
9813:
9730:
9229:
9149:
9146:, married in July 1397. Died as a nun under the monastic name "Eugenia" on 1 January 1440.
8652:
8588:
8418:
8354:
8324:
8063:
8054:
7525:
7443:
7413:
7259:
7148:
6988:
6949:
6631:
Possibly a lover of Leo, said to have poisoned her former husband, Theodoros Guniatzitzes.
6559:
6366:
6308:
6298:
5880:
5758:
5679:
5573:. Not much known except that she opposed the iconoclasm of her husband; died shortly after
5525:
5368:
5289:
5044:
4992:, married Constantine in early 630 (or late 629). Regent during the early reign of her son
4955:
4938:
Daughter of Martinus and niece of Heraclius himself, which led to much controversy. Became
4641:
4585:
4445:
4064:
3370:
1712:
1139:
199:
166:
162:
13028:"The Accession of Marcian in the Light of Chalcedonian Apologetic and Monophysite Polemic"
9746:). The full surname of the Palaiologan emperors was "Doukas Angelos Komnenos Palaiologos".
9088:
8240:. A troubled marriage that ended in divorce and with Theodore even disinheriting his son.
2064:
1791:
8:
16316:
16299:
16279:
16242:
16222:
16074:
15708:
14282:
14198:
14188:
14052:
13815:
13803:
13690:
13533:
12918:
9005:
8880:
8625:
8592:
8456:
8312:
8220:
8197:
8187:
8073:
7964:
7894:
7870:
7862:
7835:
7819:
7811:
7474:
7433:
7158:
6841:
6781:
6704:
5966:
4792:
3971:. Forced to marry Maximus after the murder of Valentinian III. Taken to Africa after the
3072:
2848:
2631:
2368:
2124:
1938:
1556:
1107:
1038:
970:
934:
674:
317:
220:
13118:
Catalogue of Late Roman Coins: From Arcadius and Honorius to the Accession of Anastasius
7676:
6524:, who married her to Basil shortly before his coronation as co-emperor; not recorded as
4692:
4126:
16289:
16247:
16207:
16162:
16069:
15943:
15615:
15590:
15360:
15350:
15224:
14895:
14778:
14695:
14558:
13910:
13890:
13870:
13860:
13626:
13485:
13477:
13372:
13336:
13233:
13054:
12684:
9697:
9263:
9200:
8972:
8927:
8921:
8807:
8720:
8250:
7729:
7654:
7531:
7429:
7387:
7267:
7255:
7114:
6692:
6106:
5863:
5682:, married Artabasdos in 717. Banished after her husband's failed coup; not recorded as
4760:
Maurice on Tiberius' deathbed. Exiled after Maurice's execution, tried to plot against
4541:
4359:
4351:
4060:
3972:
3753:
1546:
1425:
1071:
689:
624:
178:
5940:
Unmentioned in literary sources, most certainly dead before Nikephoros became emperor
2530:
16371:
16200:
15999:
15933:
15816:
15791:
15780:
15718:
15672:
15482:
15416:
15321:
15254:
15234:
15202:
15134:
15121:
15042:
15037:
14788:
14553:
14403:
13922:
13875:
13865:
13855:
13489:
13467:
13435:
13414:
13393:
13348:
13303:
13261:
13206:
13126:
13101:
13076:
13012:
12991:
12970:
12949:
12910:
12877:
12852:
12828:
12760:
12750:
12731:
12721:
12707:
12644:
9575:
8378:
8330:
7760:
6752:
6696:
6071:
6046:
5768:
5574:
4919:
4767:
4710:
Had already been a widow before marrying Tiberius sometime before his appointment as
4393:
4355:
3998:
3606:
3312:
3089:
3032:
2835:
2658:
2281:
2218:
1860:
1835:
1626:
1577:
1312:
759:
720:
653:
597:
496:
68:
16126:
9829:
was proclaimed co-emperor in or shortly before 1407, but was not crowned until 1421.
6641:
5320:. Became Justinian's second wife during his exile in 703; crowned alongside her son
3935:
3533:
16376:
16321:
16232:
16212:
16195:
16131:
16111:
15982:
15953:
15903:
15748:
15692:
15650:
15640:
15630:
15565:
15286:
15079:
15027:
14973:
14940:
14890:
14683:
14673:
14451:
14139:
14031:
13954:
13937:
13915:
13900:
13885:
13799:
13584:
13459:
13364:
13328:
13243:
13153:
12676:
10163:
9902:
9709:
9685:
9550:
9311:
9126:
8137:
on her seal, but it is not known if the honorific was used by other empresses too.
8115:
8010:
7788:
7705:
7682:
7337:
7140:
7087:
7080:
7036:
6961:
6789:
6671:
6553:
6491:
6421:
6375:
6179:
5987:
5830:
5149:
5095:
4998:
4647:
4284:
4279:
3502:
3361:
3217:
3207:
3162:
2918:
2815:
2553:
2435:
1925:
1887:
1854:
1624:. Divorced after the execution of her father; killed by Caracalla in 221; suffered
1604:
1566:
1551:
1542:
1431:
1378:
1346:
1286:
902:
867:
665:
560:
447:
98:
84:
16326:
9071:
8468:
7600:
7223:
3664:
3026:
1829:
16284:
16252:
16185:
16136:
16056:
15881:
15876:
15861:
15836:
15758:
15713:
15605:
15600:
15595:
15580:
15555:
15431:
15264:
15244:
15239:
15194:
15184:
15144:
15139:
15089:
15084:
14865:
14471:
14388:
14383:
14123:
14113:
13949:
13943:
13927:
13905:
13895:
13880:
13408:
13293:
12966:
Court Ceremonies and Rituals of Power in Byzantium and the Medieval Mediterranean
12964:
12939:
12846:
12658:
12186:
12122:
12094:
12066:
12002:
9780:
9640:
9495:
9450:
9403:
9391:
8846:
8674:
8525:
8460:
8447:
8295:
8133:
8128:
8106:
Roman rule in Constantinople was interrupted with the capture of the city by the
8004:
7887:
7882:
7499:
7263:
7030:
7026:
6890:
6795:
6758:
6700:
6591:
6526:
6517:
6236:
5983:
5750:
5717:
5684:
4464:
4414:
4406:
4365:
4199:
4195:
4153:
4132:
4051:
3978:
3941:
3913:
3902:
3835:
3731:
3692:
3539:
2844:
2562:
2536:
2277:
2273:
2176:
2097:
1971:
1944:
1820:
1481:
1454:
1241:
1189:
940:
840:
765:
670:
578:
468:
355:
313:
224:
15500:
12154:
12034:
4324:
3725:
3267:
777:
Born on 3 January of an unknown date. Daughter of a pretor; possibly related to
16331:
16190:
16121:
16064:
15871:
15723:
15667:
15662:
15635:
15585:
15560:
15269:
15149:
14882:
14641:
14535:
14521:
14320:
14024:
13779:
13122:
13066:
12800:
9396:
9177:
8107:
8059:
7606:
7437:
7143:, probably ordered the murder of Romanos III. Ruled in her own right alongside
6957:
6862:
6615:
6232:
6228:
5840:
5813:
5570:
5454:
5101:
4424:
4289:
3901:, married Constantius on 1 January 417. She later served as regent for her son
3870:
3774:
3643:
3427:
3366:
3126:
3076:
3004:
2719:
2571:
2448:
2260:
1797:
1757:
1384:
1167:
1112:
630:
411:
371:
Second wife of Caligula; forced to marry him immediately after her marriage to
112:
89:
3472:
Daughter of Tisamene; supplied the city of Rome with food during the siege of
3335:
Her father was executed in the aftermath of Magnentius' war. Died around 388.
1937:
Nothing known; most likely dead by the time Maximinus became emperor. She was
1751:
348:
16409:
16359:
16304:
16294:
15994:
15958:
15918:
15913:
15811:
15728:
15189:
15066:
15032:
14770:
14705:
14678:
14563:
14178:
14118:
13407:
Vanderspoel, John (2020). "From the Tetrarchy to the Constantinian Dynasty".
12914:
12634:
9563:
8913:
8829:
8776:
8464:
8267:
8111:
7331:
6956:
accuses her of poisoning Romanos, but this seems to be a later invention, as
6885:
6868:
5885:
5746:
5580:
5413:
4869:
4698:
4535:
4056:
4046:
3968:
3964:
3842:
3812:
3670:
3602:
3288:
3273:
3152:
2759:
2484:
2316:
2091:
1779:
1570:
441:
177:
in 1453. The final empress of the east, and final Roman empress overall, was
56:
13157:
11722:
11558:
11534:
11510:
11391:
11184:
11160:
11136:
2652:
2447:
A Christian, retired after the abdication of Diocletian. Exiled to Syria by
718:
in AD 63/64. Married Nero after the forced suicide of her husband; suffered
405:
15698:
15610:
14950:
14925:
14905:
14710:
14688:
14543:
13791:
13786:
13620:
13289:
13247:
12842:
12725:
9524:
9520:
8815:
8656:
7874:
7644:
7493:
6485:
6036:
5986:, considered as a candidate for the throne after Staurakios' defeat at the
5943:
5327:
5266:
5155:
4863:
4667:, but later recalled to help him choose his successor. Still alive by 601.
4663:
ruler after Justin's mental collapse in 573. Exiled after plotting against
4347:
4252:
3890:
3637:
3565:
2014:
1259:
1171:
1011:
974:
962:
649:
75:
60:
13553:
13458:. The Classical World. Vol. 94. London: Routledge. pp. 284–286.
13307:
13257:
George Akropolites: The History – Introduction, Translation and Commentary
8694:. Became a nun and died on June/July 1333 under the monastic name "Xene".
8377:, born as "Constance". Married John sometime before May 1241; died in the
7108:
3806:
3187:
2310:
1400:. Her fate is unknown, but she probably was spared alongside her children
683:
15645:
15451:
15426:
14920:
14730:
14497:
14103:
14088:
13222:"Cometary records revise Eastern Mediterranean chronology around 1240 CE"
12321:
11694:
11670:
11634:
11606:
11582:
11451:
11427:
11351:
11327:
11303:
11279:
11255:
9920:
9350:
8619:
8415:
1224. Theodore was most probably proclaimed emperor during the marriage.
7436:, but was expelled and forced to become a nun. She was later recalled by
6521:
6435:
6429:
6294:
6290:
5090:
5050:
4993:
4959:
4664:
4619:
2043:
1665:
1519:
1448:
223:, held their own courts. Empresses who ruled in their own right, such as
212:
13058:
13042:
7814:. Became a nun after Manuel's death under the name "Xene", but acted as
15866:
15540:
14725:
14585:
14575:
14408:
14398:
14108:
13481:
13376:
13352:
13340:
13316:
12788:
12746:
12688:
9673:
9652:
8289:
7262:
in 1042. Sidelined after Zoë's marriage to Constantine IX, returned as
6967:
6896:
6185:
6040:
5996:
5926:
5690:
5652:
Already married by November 764, crowned on 1 April 769; fate unknown.
4947:
4485:
4343:
3864:
3780:
3633:
3497:
3493:
3104:
2549:
2462:
2191:
2170:
1730:
1133:
834:
555:
524:
136:
12253:
11470:
11468:
8999:
7782:
4612:
Daughter of Acacius and a dancer; aunt of Euphemia, married Justinian
15923:
15768:
15570:
15274:
15154:
14646:
14514:
14461:
14393:
11365:
9893:
9442:
9429:
9346:
9065:
6953:
6099:
4892:
4670:
4554:
4160:
4023:
2840:
2821:
2681:
2233:
1987:
1633:
1174:
on 25 February 138, married Marcus Aurelius on 13 May (?) 145. Named
784:
474:
13463:
13368:
13332:
13183:
12680:
4282:' period, virtually all empresses (unless noted) received the title
3833:
Born as "Athenais", daughter of Leontius, a philosopher. Proclaimed
3285:
Divorced and exiled after being involved in an illegal transaction.
1782:
of noble descent. Divorced but later remarried to Elagablus, styled
1005:
16079:
16004:
15887:
15753:
15738:
14800:
14700:
14651:
14509:
14441:
14229:
13238:
13166:
13027:
12752:
Römische Kaisertabelle: Grundzüge einer römischen Kaiserchronologie
11465:
9601:
9454:
9417:
8531:. Married Michael in 1253/4, crowned again in Constantinople after
8067:
6960:
states that he died of an illness. She did, however, conspire with
6019:
5225:
4972:
4886:
4564:
4209:
4182:
4042:
3747:
3703:
3473:
2931:
2927:
2913:
2909:
2765:
2671:
2621:
2580:
2575:
2509:
2490:
2452:
2374:
2287:
1681:
1513:
1403:
1319:
1307:
1253:
875:
503:
382:
376:
327:
321:
309:
122:
44:
11022:
10998:
9770:
was proclaimed co-emperor around 1310, but not crowned until 1325.
9498:
adopted "Aelia" as a title, which was then shown in their coinage.
8668:
5522:
Of Syrian origin, crowned on 25 December 718; nothing else known.
2118:
1965:
1919:
16034:
15968:
15938:
15821:
15806:
15625:
15166:
15052:
14993:
14492:
14466:
14144:
10571:
10569:
10556:
10554:
9628:
9482:
9449:
after their marriage. Diocletian's daughter Valeria thus became "
6917:
6532:
6380:
6301:
in 843. Deposed and exiled by her son after forcing him to marry
6094:
5548:
5317:
4798:
4470:
4145:
4074:
4017:
3898:
3437:
3347:
3193:
3101:
Daughter of governor Justus; married Magnentius as a young girl.
2935:
2429:
2331:
2143:
1216:
1044:
74:
There was no single official term for the position of empress in
11058:
10706:
10704:
10340:
10338:
8770:
2212:
15928:
15774:
14795:
14570:
14436:
10629:
9779:
A total reign of 39 years a few weeks; just some months behind
8975:; fate unknown, probably lived in retirement with her husband.
5566:
5313:
4813:
4761:
4410:
4330:
4247:
3376:
3156:
2881:
2254:
2149:
2087:
2082:
Daughter of Otacilius Severus, who served as Roman Governor of
1562:
1210:
1183:
984:
978:
145:
64:
12873:
11046:
10950:
10890:
10854:
10842:
10818:
10788:
10689:
10581:
10566:
10551:
10527:
10464:
10452:
5837:
773. She was forced to become a nun. Died sometime after 824.
1659:
71:, governing the empire in their own right without a husband.
15831:
15550:
13142:"La chronologie des événements du règne de Léon VI (886-912)"
12640:
Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium AD 527–1204
12418:
10701:
10335:
10175:
10127:
10019:
5309:
4418:
4068:
3683:
3460:
1249:
282:
79:
33:
13317:"John VII Palaeologus and the Ivory Pyxis at Dumbarton Oaks"
12822:
12281:
10986:
10517:
10515:
10488:
10442:
10440:
10391:
10389:
15074:
13032:
12784:
12204:
12160:
12128:
12072:
12008:
11964:
11940:
11868:
11070:
10974:
9971:
9959:
9947:
6657:
Married Leo after the death of Zoe. Died during childbirth
4288:; whether it was still considered a formal title or just a
660:
603:
67:
on behalf of their husbands or sons and a handful ruled as
12663:"The Tombs and Obits of the Byzantine Emperors (337–1042)"
11648:
11211:
11209:
11207:
11205:
11203:
11201:
10926:
10776:
9432:
was named co-emperor in 198, still less than 10 years old.
4362:
in 484; she died during the ensuing war, probably in 484.
116:. In Greek, empresses could be referred to as βᾰσῐ́λῐσσᾰ (
13278:
The Reign of the Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus I (802–811)
12523:
11405:
11098:
11034:
11010:
10914:
10902:
10764:
10740:
10716:
10665:
10653:
10641:
10617:
10605:
10593:
10539:
10512:
10500:
10476:
10437:
10425:
10413:
10401:
10386:
10374:
10362:
10350:
10323:
10311:
10299:
10287:
10275:
10263:
10251:
10239:
10227:
10187:
10139:
10115:
10091:
10079:
10067:
10055:
10043:
10007:
9995:
9983:
9733:
was proclaimed co-emperor in 1235, but was never crowned.
247:
12579:
12293:
11976:
8818:. Died years later under the monastic name "Anastasia".
8746:. Died of an illness on her way back to Constantinople.
3839:
on 2 January 423. Remembered for her numerous writings.
1881:
193:, many later eastern empresses bore the title δέσποινα (
12567:
12495:
12467:
12337:
12192:
12100:
11198:
9935:
9859:
9353:
and later historians call her "Cornelia Orestina". See
8806:
ruler after Andronikos' death, as regent of the infant
8095:
7258:, proclaimed co-empress during the revolt that deposed
6305:. They both reconciled shortly before Michael's death.
5757:
ruler after Leo's death as her son's regent. Ended the
12241:
12229:
10728:
8814:
in 1347, but she was allowed to have her own court at
4059:
on 4 July 414. She was influential in the Councils of
375:. After the divorce they were both exiled for alleged
13353:"Empress Theodora Palaiologina, Wife of Michael VIII"
10103:
9847:
6289:
ruler on 20 January 842, as regent of her infant son
4482:
Died alongside her husband after Zeno's restoration.
4273:
13523:
12040:
10866:
8110:
in 1204. Though the crusaders created a new line of
6964:
to murder Nikephoros. She is last mentioned in 978.
4506:
3690:
co-regent on 9 January 400, when she was proclaimed
1886:
All empresses during this period received the title
12369:
12269:
11756:
10962:
10878:
10752:
10677:
10199:
9721:
She stopped being empress for a few months in 1183.
9322:
List of empresses of the Byzantine successor states
8120:
List of empresses of the Byzantine successor states
6699:in February/March 914, ruling on behalf of her son
5889:, she was crowned in August 795. Deposed by Irene.
4358:rebelled in 479 and she herself rebelled alongside
4067:. Married Marcian after his election as emperor by
2616:(1 year, 2 months and 24 days, West)
2280:between the death of Aurelian and the accession of
10031:
8440:
7702:, born as "Piroska". She is venerated as a Saint.
6420:Forced to marry Michael III, who was in love with
5990:, retired as a nun alongside him; not recorded as
5176:
4097:
3238:
2786:
2284:, but this has been refuted by modern historians.
1340:
896:
324:on 17 January AD 42. The longest-reigning empress
15530:
13226:Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
13184:"New textual perspectives on the Feriale Duranum"
9871:
5304:(c. 6 years, 2 months and 14 days)
4354:, but was betrayed by Basiliscus. Her son-in-law
3359:Daughter of praetorian prefect Petronius, styled
1345:Both empresses of this period received the title
730:
16407:
12618:Palaiologina, Maria Komnene Kantakuzene (#21397)
12364:Palaiologina, Theodora Doukaina Komnene (#21380)
11952:
11928:
6456:
5897:
5410:Little information recorded other than her name
901:All empresses of this period received the title
13386:The Roman Castrati: Eunuchs in the Roman Empire
12453:
12451:
12449:
12388:
12386:
12384:
10938:
9023:(8 years, 10 months and 16 days)
8892:(29 years, 3 months and 14 days)
7873:in September 1183. She became a subject of the
7869:, who was over 60, shortly after the murder of
7618:(37 years, 4 months and 14 days)
7571:
7244:(14 years, 4 months and 10 days)
7033:; born in the late 930s. Almost nothing known.
6268:(25 years, 9 months and 10 days)
4756:Daughter of Tiberius II and Anastasia. Married
4599:(21 years, 2 months and 27 days)
3483:
2443:(20 years, 5 months and 11 days)
1527:(17 years, 9 months and 26 days)
13944:Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)
12869:Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit
12462:Palaiologina Eirene (#21356) (#21357) (#21358)
10830:
9792:A total reign of 25 years and about 10 months.
9420:was named co-emperor in 177, at the age of 16.
7933:
7857:(5 years, 6 months and 10 days)
6089:(7 years, 5 months and 14 days)
5978:(3 years, 9 months and 12 days)
4834:
3949:(17 years, 7 months and 2 days)
3820:(29 years, 1 month and 21 days)
544:(5 years, 9 months and 12 days)
290:(40 years, 7 months and 3 days)
242:
110:), the female form of the male imperial title
96:), the female form of the male imperial title
15516:
13569:
13298:. Dumbarton Oaks studies 11. Washington, DC:
8971:. Capture alongside Matthew and delivered to
7358:
6952:on 20 September 963, shortly after his coup.
6182:. Died some years after Michael's accession.
5475:
4881:(1 year, 10 months and 8 days)
3678:(9 years, 5 months and 9 days)
47:, was the first and longest-reigning empress.
16390:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor,
13114:
12848:The Byzantine Lady: Ten Portraits, 1250-1500
12780:Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit
12413:Palaiologina Eirene Komnene Dukaina (#21361)
12397:Palaiologina Anna (#21347) (#21348) (#21349)
10671:
8969:Demetrios Palaiologos (son of Andronikos II)
7412:Daughter of John Makrembolites and niece of
6127:
6031:(1 year, 9 months and 9 days)
3700:(which was orchestrated by Eudoxia herself)
3686:. An influential woman in court, she became
1841:Gnaea Seia Herennia Sallustia Barbia Orbiana
1784:augusta, mater castrorum, senatus ac patriae
1475:
13583:
13406:
13314:
13300:Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies
12585:
10494:
4295:
4202:, married Olybrius in 454/454. Still alive
3975:, returned to Constantinople in about 462.
2833:Referred as the wife of Constantine by the
152:"mother of the fatherland". Titles such as
15523:
15509:
13576:
13562:
12963:Beihammer, Alexander; et al. (2013).
12744:
10710:
10647:
10623:
10575:
10521:
10482:
10431:
10407:
10368:
10344:
10305:
10281:
10269:
10257:
10245:
10233:
10193:
10181:
10145:
10133:
10121:
10097:
10085:
10073:
10061:
10049:
10025:
10013:
10001:
9989:
9977:
9965:
9953:
9941:
9865:
9758:was crowned co-emperor on 8 November 1272.
9466:
9256:
9170:
9064:
8998:
8769:
8497:
7834:
7781:
7675:
7599:
7492:
7386:
7107:
6916:
6861:
6751:
6664:
6588:; died young. She is venerated as a Saint
6552:
6484:
6397:
6339:
6246:
6070:
5925:
5710:
5308:The first foreign-born empress. Sister of
4912:
4862:
4791:
4737:
4691:
4640:
4584:
4534:
4463:
4386:
4323:
4125:
4016:
3934:
3863:
3805:
3773:
3724:
3663:
3532:
3397:
3266:
3186:
3125:
3025:
2874:
2814:
2739:
2651:
2601:
2556:; married Galerius after his elevation as
2529:
2483:
2428:
2309:
2253:
2211:
2169:
2117:
2063:
2007:
1918:
1828:
1790:
1750:
1705:
1658:
1597:
1424:
1377:
1279:
1244:, betrothed to Lucius Verus in 161, named
1209:
1132:
1064:
1004:
933:
833:
805:
758:
682:
623:
571:
564:in AD 50. Killed in unclear circumstances
523:
467:
440:
404:
379:. Probably the shortest-reigning empress.
347:
312:on 17 January 38 BC. Known as "Julia
275:
13237:
13167:"The Name of Cornelia Orestina/Orestilla"
12983:
12962:
12930:
12327:
12263:
9385:
9383:
9317:List of Latin Empresses of Constantinople
7635:Andronikos Doukas (cousin of Michael VII)
4810:Daughter of Sergius; nothing else known.
3897:. Originally married the Visigothic king
13253:
13115:Grierson, Philip; Mays, Melinda (1992).
12905:(in Greek). Vol. A1. Thessaloniki:
12657:
12299:
12287:
11239:
9099:(12 March 1449). Died on 23 March 1450.
6948:Daughter of Krateros and Maria. Married
3558:Of Hispanian origin; married Theodosius
2038:Gaius Furius Sabinius Aquila Timesitheus
1480:All empresses of this period were named
231:, sometimes adopted male titles such as
28:
14832:
13431:Coinage and History of the Roman Empire
13383:
13198:
13089:
13040:
13025:
12937:
12810:Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire
12755:(in German) (6th ed.). Darmstadt:
12633:
12573:
12331:
12259:
12247:
12235:
12210:
12198:
12166:
12134:
12106:
12078:
12046:
12014:
11970:
11946:
11874:
11654:
11474:
11411:
11375:
11215:
11104:
11040:
11016:
10884:
10734:
10683:
9919:
9853:
9268:Μαρία Κομνηνή Καντακουζηνή Παλαιολογίνα
8273:. Became regent of her younger brother
8194:; died a few years after the marriage.
6788:, married shortly after Romanos' coup;
6707:in 919 and was forced to become a nun.
1823:. Divorced shortly after the marriage.
490:. Executed after having an affair with
203:, a common title in the later empire.
126:(denoting a monarch) and αὐτοκράτειρα (
14:
16408:
13448:
13347:
13284:(PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.
13274:
13219:
13181:
13164:
13139:
13072:Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261-1557)
13004:
12890:
12375:
12275:
11982:
11762:
11478:
10317:
10109:
10037:
9877:
9612:
9610:
9380:
9354:
8467:, as well as on a miniature depicting
6703:. She was sidelined after the rise of
6383:, but was sidelined after he married.
5147:Possibly dead by 695, not recorded as
3075:(r. 365–366) during his brief rule in
2498:(19 years and 1 month, West)
2400:
1248:shortly after the marriage. Exiled to
1102:, married Antoninus around 120, named
248:Julio-Claudian dynasty (27 BC – AD 68)
15504:
15400:
14831:
14616:
14308:
13975:
13596:
13557:
13288:
13065:
12841:
12824:Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire
12529:
12501:
12473:
12424:
12343:
9915:
9913:
9892:
9817:"Emperor of Thessalonica" soon after.
8509:Θεοδώρα Δούκαινα Κομνηνή Παλαιολογίνα
7822:. She was executed after the coup of
7078:Daughter of Alypius; not recorded as
2395:
1882:Crisis of the Third Century (235–285)
673:'s birth in January 63, posthumously
197:), the female form of the male title
120:), the female form of the male title
14617:
13427:
12699:Prosopography of the Byzantine World
12626:
10205:
9888:
9886:
8630:Ειρήνη Κομνηνή Δούκαινα Παλαιολογίνα
8096:Laskaris dynasty (1205–1258; Nicaea)
7797:25 December 1161 – 24 September 1180
7440:and returned to the palace in 1078.
7151:'s deposition until her marriage to
6834:The second wife of Romanos, married
4962:, who was also a minor at the time.
4946:'s death as the regent of the young
4885:Daughter of Rogas of Libya; died of
4292:synonym to "empress" is not known.
3488:All empress, with the exceptions of
1486:on or shortly after their marriage.
1300:Gaius Bruttius Praesens (consul 153)
1033:, married Hadrian around 100, named
134:, the female form of the male title
14319:
13410:The Sons of Constantine, AD 337–361
13260:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13202:Oxford Companion to World Mythology
12441:Palaiologina Maria Dukaina (#21394)
9607:
8916:, lost her title after the coup of
7428:ruler in 1067 on behalf of her son
7319:1 September 1057 – 22 November 1059
4803:23 November 602 – 5 October 610 (?)
2851:. She died or was divorced by 307.
948:(19 years, 6 months and 10/14 days)
24:
13220:Murata, Koji; et al. (2021),
12984:Bellinger, Alfred Raymond (1999).
12866:Trapp, Erich; et al. (2001).
12226:(ΑΥΓΟΥCΤΑ) appears on her picture.
9910:
9804:was proclaiemd co-emperor in 1352.
9095:(31 Oct. 1448) and the arrival of
8838:8 February 1347 – 10 December 1354
7330:. Retired to a monastery with the
4764:but was eventually killed in 605.
4274:Later eastern empresses (457–1439)
1817:Tiberius Claudius Severus Proculus
1559:. After 211 she held the title of
1398:Titus Flavius Claudius Sulpicianus
1310:and executed soon after; suffered
712:Titus Statilius Taurus (consul 44)
287:16 January 27 BC – 19 August AD 14
130:), the Greek version of the Latin
25:
16447:
15442:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
13519:
9883:
9744:Family tree of Byzantine emperors
9349:calls her "Livia Orestilla", but
9272:September 1427 – 17 December 1439
9203:, betrothed by 1411; died young.
8885:Ἑλένη Παλαιολογίνα (Καντακουζηνή)
8513:1 January 1259 – 11 December 1282
8281:in 1228, but died shortly after.
7990:; born in 1175. Married Crusader
7018:November 970 – 10 January 976 (?)
6827:17 December 920 – 20 February 922
6235:, became a nun after the fall of
5518:(24 years, 2 months and 24 days?)
4655:(12 years, 10 months and 21 days)
4507:Justinian dynasty (east, 518–602)
4338:(16 years, 11 months and 11 days)
3746:Daughter of the powerful general
3369:after the death of Valens in the
3214:, possibly alive as late as 380.
2926:after Constantine's victory over
2570:. Exiled alongside her mother by
1855:Lucius Seius Herennius Sallustius
845:14 September 81 – 18 September 96
15481:
13540:
13526:
12795:
12773:
12216:
11918:
11902:
11886:
11858:
11842:
11826:
11810:
11790:
11774:
11746:
11726:
11698:
11674:
11638:
11610:
11586:
11562:
11538:
11514:
11455:
11431:
11395:
11355:
11331:
11307:
11283:
11259:
11188:
11164:
11140:
11076:
11064:
11052:
11028:
11004:
10992:
10980:
10956:
10932:
10920:
10908:
10896:
10860:
10848:
10824:
10794:
10782:
10770:
10746:
10722:
10695:
10659:
10635:
10611:
10599:
10587:
10560:
10545:
10533:
10506:
10470:
10458:
10446:
10419:
10395:
10380:
10356:
10329:
10293:
9820:
9807:
9795:
9786:
9773:
9761:
9749:
9736:
9724:
9715:
9703:
9691:
9679:
9667:
9658:
9646:
9634:
9622:
9594:
9581:
9569:
9557:
9542:
9530:
8810:. The regency was overthrown by
8744:Henry I of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
8732:(6 years, 10 months less 7 days)
8729:23 October 1317 – 16 August 1324
8667:
8618:
8591:, also a great-granddaughter of
8375:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
8288:
8030:
7865:, born in 1171. Forced to marry
7854:2 March 1180 – 12 September 1185
7405:23 November 1059 – November 1071
7222:
5089:Still alive during the reign of
4806:(7 years, 10 months and 12 days)
4752:(20 years, 3 months and 14 days)
4706:(3 years, 10 months and 19 days)
4703:26 September 578 – 14 August 582
3355:(14 years, 4 months and 12 days)
2502:A Syrian, possibly the widow of
1964:
1549:. Married Severus in 185, named
1512:
1392:(2 months and 27 days)
1186:) in 174, posthumously deified.
872:after her marriage to Domitian.
13831:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
13653:Constantinian–Valentinianic era
13503:
13043:"Flavius: a Nicety of Protocol"
13008:The Roman Government of Britain
12990:. Vol. 4. Dumbarton Oaks.
12865:
12817:
12720:
12696:Jeffreys, Michael, ed. (2016).
12695:
12613:
12597:
12557:
12541:
12513:
12485:
12457:
12436:
12408:
12392:
12355:
12311:
12182:
12178:
12150:
12146:
12118:
12090:
12062:
12058:
12030:
12026:
11998:
11994:
11958:
11934:
11806:
11742:
11718:
11714:
11690:
11666:
11630:
11626:
11602:
11578:
11554:
11530:
11506:
11490:
11447:
11423:
11387:
11371:
11347:
11323:
11299:
11275:
11251:
11231:
11227:
11180:
11156:
11132:
11116:
11088:
10968:
10944:
10872:
10836:
10800:
10758:
10217:
10151:
9712:was crowned co-emperor in 1092.
9700:was crowned co-emperor in 1060.
9514:
9501:
9488:
9476:
9460:
9435:
9423:
9411:
9213:
9156:
9109:
9051:
8985:
8934:
8863:
8841:(7 years, 10 months and 2 days)
8756:
8704:
8605:
8545:
8441:Palaiologos dynasty (1259–1439)
8425:
8337:
8204:
8080:
8049:(8 years, 3 months and 10 days)
8017:
7921:
7901:
7767:
7712:
7661:
7559:
7538:
7481:
7450:
7344:
7322:(2 years, 2 months and 21 days)
7211:
7184:
7164:
7094:
7043:
6995:
6974:
6903:
6848:
6838:907; crowned on 6 January 921.
6802:
6770:(40 years, 6 months and 5 days)
6738:
6598:
6539:
6442:
6315:
6192:
6113:
6053:
6003:
5975:20 December 807 – 2 October 811
5950:
5847:
5776:
5729:3 November 769 – 31 October 802
5697:
5588:
5532:
5461:
5420:
5375:
5334:
5273:
5232:
5177:Twenty Years' Anarchy (695–717)
5162:
5108:
5057:
5011:
4899:
4820:
4774:
4749:13 August 582 – 27 November 602
4724:
4677:
4652:14 November 565 – 5 October 578
4626:
4571:
4546:10 July 518 – before August 527
4492:
4452:
4431:
4372:
4335:7 February 457 – 18 January 474
4259:
4216:
4167:
4148:, who married her to Anthemius
4098:Puppet emperors (west, 467–475)
4081:
4005:
3985:
3920:
3849:
3760:
3710:
3650:
3572:
3444:
3383:
3295:
3239:Valentinianic dynasty (364–383)
3224:
3169:
3111:
3011:
2971:
2861:
2787:Constantinian dynasty (306–363)
2772:
2726:
2688:
2663:28 October 306 – 28 October 312
2638:
2587:
2516:
2469:
2381:
2338:
2294:
2240:
2198:
2156:
2130:Herennia Cupressenia Etruscilla
2104:
2050:
1994:
1951:
1867:
1737:
1688:
1641:
1584:
1461:
1439:(2 months and 4 days)
1410:
1341:Year of the Five Emperors (193)
1326:
1266:
1196:
1119:
1051:
991:
945:28 January 98 – 7/11 August 117
897:Nerva–Antonine dynasty (98–192)
882:
848:(15 years and 4 days)
791:
610:
510:
389:
334:
302:Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus
38:
16426:Byzantine Empire-related lists
14916:Great Palace of Constantinople
14657:Patriarchate of Constantinople
13976:
13452:Aurelian and the Third Century
13075:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
12851:. Cambridge University Press.
12727:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
9688:was crowned co-emperor in 962.
9676:was crowned co-emperor in 945.
9655:was crowned co-emperor in 945.
9643:was crowned co-emperor in 870.
9631:was crowned co-emperor in 866.
9578:was crowned co-emperor in 751.
9566:was crowned co-emperor in 720.
9539:was crowned co-emperor in 613.
9485:was crowned co-emperor in 367.
9445:often adopted their husband's
9370:
9360:
9339:
8535:in 1261. Died on 4 March 1303
7241:21 April 1042 – 31 August 1056
6683:(5 years, 4 months and 2 days)
5515:25 March 717 – 18 June 741 (?)
5301:21 August 705 – 4 November 711
2276:. Sometimes said to have been
1082:10 July 138 – late October 140
773:(8 months and 1 day)
731:Year of the Four Emperors (69)
716:Marcus Julius Vestinus Atticus
13:
1:
16398:incidates an empress regnant.
13315:Oikonomides, Nicolas (1977).
12907:Centre for Byzantine Research
12891:Varzos, Konstantinos (1984).
12813:. Cambridge University Press.
12749:& Matthäus Heil (2017) .
11703:Eudokia Dekapolitissa (#1631)
9836:
9238:19 January 1421 – August 1426
9135:late 1403 – 22 September 1408
9028:
9020:12 August 1376 – 28 June 1385
8960:February 1354 – December 1357
8834:Εἰρήνη Καντακουζηνή (Ἀσανίνα)
8626:Yolande / Irene of Montferrat
8578:
8412:
8363:
8176:
7753:and sister-in-law of emperor
7639:
7623:
7615:1 April 1081 – 15 August 1118
7515:
7421:
7417:
7072:
7068:
6939:
6835:
6830:(1 year, 2 months and 3 days)
6722:
6575:
6507:
6457:Macedonian dynasty (867–1056)
6276:
6272:
6217:
6168:
6086:11 July 813 – 25 December 820
5898:Nikephorian dynasty (802–813)
5872:September 795 – 19 August 797
5834:
5736:
5642:
5613:
5441:
5400:
5355:
5298:
5253:
5212:
5137:
5133:
4990:Nicetas (cousin of Heraclius)
4928:
4878:5 October 610 – 13 August 612
4613:
4603:
4242:(1 year, 2 months and 4 days)
4203:
4149:
3954:
3824:
3736:
3625:25 August 383 – 28 August 388
3559:
3409:
3325:
3198:27 June 363 – 17 February 364
3141:
3137:
2899:
2716:Perhaps related to Galerius.
2675:
2628:, step-daughter of Maximian.
2026:
1762:
1717:
1610:
1532:
1222:Annia Aurelia Galeria Lucilla
1157:
1100:Marcus Annius Verus the Elder
1089:
952:
701:
656:
600:. Exiled and later executed.
416:
360:
16431:Lists of ancient Roman women
16228:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
15378:University of Constantinople
14959:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
14309:
14109:Chartoularios tou vestiariou
13798:Byzantine successor states (
13100:. Ashgate. pp. 91–123.
12987:Catalogue of Byzantine Coins
12562:Palaiologina Helene (#21366)
12518:Palaiologina Helene (#21365)
11230:, pp. 1084–1085, 2084;
9841:
9327:List of Greek royal consorts
9080:February 1392 – 21 July 1425
8889:28 May 1347 – 12 August 1376
8038:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
7572:Komnenos dynasty (1081–1185)
6774:April 907 – 19 September 961
5082:September 668 (?) – July 685
3875:8 February – 2 September 421
3675:27 April 395 – 6 October 404
3484:Theodosian dynasty (379–457)
3048:; died sometime before 361.
1727:Of noble descent; divorced.
1555:on 1 June 193, posthumously
1524:9 April 193 – 4 February 211
973:. She was interested in the
659:50, then the future emperor
541:1 January 49 – 13 October 54
239:to illustrate their power.
171:wife of Emperor Julius Nepos
7:
15048:Saint Catherine's Monastery
14104:Chartoularios tou sakelliou
14099:Logothetes tou stratiotikou
13597:
13205:. Oxford University Press.
13146:Revue des études byzantines
13005:Birley, Anthony R. (2005).
12730:. Oxford University Press.
12490:Kantakuzene Eirene (#10935)
9345:Her full name is disputed;
9295:
9006:Keratsa / Maria of Bulgaria
8895:May 1381 – 16 February 1391
8785:October 1326 – 15 June 1341
8679:Μαρία Δούκαινα Παλαιολογίνα
8304:December 1221 – Summer 1240
8046:8 April 1195 – 18 July 1203
8042:Ευφροσύνη Δούκαινα Καματηρά
7979:19 July 1203 – 27 Jan. 1204
7934:Angelos dynasty (1185–1204)
6028:2 October 811 – 11 July 813
5753:on 17 December 769. Became
4835:Heraclian dynasty (610–695)
4401:(39 years and a few months)
4239:24 June 474 – 28 August 475
3946:29 October 437 – 31 May 455
3352:28 March 364 – 9 August 378
2954:9 September 337 – April 340
2457:Civil wars of the Tetrarchy
2440:20 November 284 – 1 May 305
862:, first married to senator
548:6 November 15 – 23 March 59
435:. Forced to commit suicide
243:Principate (27 BC – AD 284)
43:27 BC – AD 14), as wife of
10:
16452:
15437:Neo-Byzantine architecture
15401:
14058:Comes sacrarum largitionum
12946:Cambridge University Press
9548:Empresses were proclaimed
9402:, or Faustina II, wife of
9307:List of Byzantine emperors
9138:(5 years, in Thessalonica)
9039:Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria
8750:Andronikos III Palaiologos
8300:Ειρήνη Κομνηνή (Λασκαρίνα)
7553:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
7420:1030, married Constantine
7359:Doukas dynasty (1059–1081)
7328:Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria
6767:4 May 919 – 9 November 959
6680:9 January 906 – 11 May 912
5881:Saint Theodore the Studite
5822:November 788 – January 795
5645:753 – 14 September 775 (?)
5476:Isaurian dynasty (717–802)
4659:Niece of Theodora. Became
4475:9 January 475 – August 476
4137:12 April 467 – 11 July 472
3786:Aemilia Materna Thermantia
3609:; died during childbirth.
3551:19 January 379 – early 386
2020:Furia Sabinia Tranquillina
1819:and descendant of emperor
852:11 February 50/55 – c. 126
779:Publius Galerius Trachalus
642:30/32 AD – early Summer 65
586:(7 years and a few months)
558:and mother of Nero, named
16385:
16352:
16263:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
15981:
15902:
15850:
15764:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
15737:
15681:
15539:
15464:
15407:
15396:
15317:
15217:
15175:
15120:
15065:
15020:
15007:Sant'Apollinare in Classe
14992:
14949:
14881:
14851:
14842:
14838:
14827:
14769:
14627:
14623:
14612:
14534:
14480:
14419:
14376:
14328:
14315:
14304:
14263:
14238:
14207:
14166:
14157:
14132:
14076:
14040:
13993:
13986:
13982:
13971:
13844:
13760:
13707:
13638:
13609:
13605:
13592:
12938:Angelov, Dimiter (2019).
12899:I Genealogía ton Komninón
12894:Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών
11815:Zoe Karbonopsina (#28506)
9527:, but held no real power.
9247:Theodore II of Montferrat
9205:
9045:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
9014:spring 1356 – 30 May 1373
8748:
8649:William VII of Montferrat
8599:Andronikos II Palaiologos
8597:
8488:
8486:Life details & notes
8485:
8482:
8479:
8392:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
8329:
8196:
8154:
8152:Life details & notes
8151:
8148:
8145:
7973:early 1186 – 8 April 1195
7952:
7950:Life details & notes
7949:
7946:
7943:
7909:
7860:
7853:
7840:
7833:
7759:
7590:
7588:Life details & notes
7587:
7584:
7581:
7546:
7514:
7507:
7498:
7491:
7458:
7411:
7404:
7392:
7385:
7377:
7375:Life details & notes
7374:
7371:
7368:
7302:
7296:Empress regnant 1055–1056
7279:
7247:
7240:
7228:
7221:
7205:Constantine IX Monomachos
7172:
7132:
7125:
7113:
7106:
6982:
6938:
6931:
6922:
6915:
6650:Summer 900 – 12 April 901
6590:
6475:
6473:Life details & notes
6472:
6469:
6466:
6332:Empress co-regent 842–856
6323:
6271:
6265:5 June 830 – 15 March 856
6264:
6252:
6245:
6184:
6146:
6144:Life details & notes
6143:
6140:
6137:
6128:Amorian dynasty (820–867)
6065:
5916:
5914:Life details & notes
5913:
5910:
5907:
5839:
5784:
5735:
5732:(33 years lacking 3 days)
5728:
5716:
5709:
5671:June 741 – 2 November 743
5579:
5494:
5492:Life details & notes
5491:
5488:
5485:
5195:
5193:Life details & notes
5192:
5189:
5186:
5005:Constantine III Heraclius
4891:
4853:
4851:Life details & notes
4850:
4847:
4844:
4786:
4596:1 April 527 – 28 June 548
4525:
4523:Life details & notes
4522:
4519:
4516:
4439:
4404:
4398:29 January 474 – late 515
4397:
4392:
4385:
4314:
4312:Life details & notes
4311:
4308:
4305:
4116:
4114:Life details & notes
4113:
4110:
4107:
4035:19 January 399 – July 453
3993:
3952:
3945:
3940:
3933:
3878:(7 months lacking 6 days)
3752:
3564:
3523:
3521:Life details & notes
3520:
3517:
3514:
3436:
3415:(c. 2 years and 7 months)
3287:
3257:
3255:Life details & notes
3254:
3251:
3248:
3181:
3003:
2853:
2805:
2803:Life details & notes
2802:
2799:
2796:
2609:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
2419:
2417:Life details & notes
2416:
2413:
2410:
1909:
1907:Life details & notes
1906:
1903:
1900:
1745:
1729:
1700:
1653:
1503:
1501:Life details & notes
1500:
1497:
1494:
1476:Severan dynasty (193–227)
1368:
1366:Life details & notes
1365:
1362:
1359:
1037:around 119, posthumously
969:around 102, posthumously
924:
922:Life details & notes
921:
918:
915:
824:
822:Life details & notes
821:
818:
815:
770:19 April – 20 December 69
749:
747:Life details & notes
746:
743:
740:
618:
602:
596:Daughter of Claudius and
502:
455:(about 1 year and a half)
452:Summer 39 – 24 January 41
397:
381:
266:
264:Life details & notes
263:
260:
257:
55:were the consorts of the
14581:Droungarios of the Fleet
13506:De Imperatoribus Romanis
13434:. Taylor & Francis.
13140:Grumel, Venance (1936).
11831:Helene Lakapene (#22574)
11731:Eudokia Ingerina (#1632)
11031:, vol. 3, pp. 1179–1180.
11007:, vol. 3, pp. 1240–1241.
10672:Grierson & Mays 1992
9332:
8736:c. 1293 – 16 August 1324
8539:Michael VIII Palaiologos
8491:
8476:
8451:appears on the seals of
8409:Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
8157:
8142:
7998:, becoming queen of the
7955:
7940:
7593:
7578:
7508:1066/1071 – 1 April 1081
7380:
7365:
6478:
6463:
6149:
6134:
5919:
5904:
5763:Second Council of Nicaea
5497:
5482:
5198:
5183:
5085:(16 years and 6 months?)
4856:
4841:
4528:
4513:
4317:
4302:
4296:Leonid dynasty (457–515)
4119:
4104:
4028:25 August 450 – July 453
3817:7 June 421 – 28 July 450
3526:
3511:
3260:
3245:
3094:late 350 – 11 August 353
2808:
2793:
2574:, and later executed by
2422:
2407:
1912:
1897:
1622:Gaius Fulvius Plautianus
1506:
1491:
1389:1 January – 28 March 193
1371:
1356:
977:philosophical school of
927:
912:
827:
812:
752:
737:
556:Germanicus Julius Caesar
488:Marcus Valerius Messalla
431:, originally married to
294:30 January 59 BC – AD 29
269:
254:
16181:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
15787:Flavia Julia Constantia
15095:Early Byzantine mosaics
14457:Domestic of the Schools
13548:Byzantine Empire portal
13512:Salve Regina University
13449:Watson, Alaric (1999).
13428:Vagi, David L. (2000).
13384:Tougher, Shaun (2020).
13275:Niavis, Pavlos (1984).
13254:Macrides, Ruth (2007).
13199:Leeming, David (2005).
13182:Iovine, Giulio (2018).
13158:10.3406/rebyz.1936.2854
13090:Garland, Lynda (2006).
12427:, pp. 1010, 48–58.
11795:Eudokia Baïane (#21759)
10711:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10648:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10624:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10576:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10522:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10483:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10432:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10408:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10369:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10345:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10306:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10282:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10270:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10258:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10246:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10234:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10194:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10182:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10159:"Life of Diadumenianus"
10146:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10134:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10122:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10098:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10086:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10074:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10062:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10050:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10026:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10014:Kienast, Eck & Heil
10002:Kienast, Eck & Heil
9990:Kienast, Eck & Heil
9978:Kienast, Eck & Heil
9966:Kienast, Eck & Heil
9954:Kienast, Eck & Heil
9942:Kienast, Eck & Heil
9866:Kienast, Eck & Heil
9467:Kienast, Eck & Heil
9453:" upon her marriage to
9281:Alexios IV of Trebizond
9275:(12 years and 3 months)
9083:(33 years and 5 months)
8963:(3 years and 10 months)
8788:(14 years and 8 months)
8675:Rita / Maria of Armenia
8000:Kingdom of Thessalonica
7818:ruler as the regent of
7800:(18 years and 9 months)
7751:Berengar II of Sulzbach
7627:1066 – 19 February 1138
7401:Ευδοκία Μακρεμβολίτισσα
7248:c. 980 – 31 August 1056
7126:12 November 1028 – 1050
6932:955/6 – 11 December 969
6586:Constantine Martinakios
5803:Empress regnant 797–802
5623:A very short marriage.
5043:Possibly a daughter of
4718:Tiberius II Constantine
4031:(2 years and 10 months)
3044:Probably a daughter of
2747:Flavia Julia Constantia
2613:1 May 305 – 25 July 306
2495:1 April 286 – 1 May 305
2272:Possibly a daughter of
1605:Publia Fulvia Plautilla
1447:alongside her daughter
860:Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
806:Flavian dynasty (81–96)
433:Publius Memmius Regulus
308:in 43 BC and then
15704:Marcia Otacilia Severa
15412:Byzantine commonwealth
14174:Praetorian prefectures
14094:Logothetes tou genikou
14068:Quaestor sacri palatii
14063:Comes rerum privatarum
13836:Fall of Constantinople
13775:Sack of Constantinople
13413:. Palgrave Macmillan.
13041:Cameron, Alan (1988).
13026:Burgess, R.W. (1994).
12931:Secondary bibliography
12821:; et al. (2001).
12777:; et al. (2001).
12360:Dukas Isaakios (#5691)
12181:, p. 37, 64, 94;
11863:Berta-Eudokia (#21156)
11629:, pp. 2037–2038;
11067:, vol. 3, pp. 337–339.
10638:, Vol 1, pp. 265, 690.
10169:Loeb Classical Library
9302:List of Roman emperors
9241:(5 years and 7 months)
9144:Francesco II of Lesbos
8698:Michael IX Palaiologos
8683:1296 – 12 October 1320
8516:(10 years and 10 days)
8366:1240 – 3 November 1254
8321:Andronikos Palaiologos
7996:Sack of Constantinople
7879:sack of Constantinople
7700:Ladislaus I of Hungary
7467:Empress co-regent 1067
7021:(5 years and 2 months)
6413:855 – 24 September 867
6178:Daughter of the rebel
6039:and sister of emperor
5875:(1 year and 11 months)
5825:(6 years and 2 months)
5674:(2 years and 5 months)
4981:early 630 – 25 May 641
4246:A relative of Empress
4187:April – 2 November 472
4140:(5 years and 3 months)
3696:following the fall of
3682:Daughter of the Frank
3546:Aelia Flavia Flaccilla
3201:(7 months and 21 days)
2957:(2 years and 7 months)
2892:March 307 – Summer 326
2626:Afranius Hannibalianus
2506:. Still alive in 325.
2504:Afranius Hannibalianus
2451:and later executed by
2071:Marcia Otacilia Severa
1803:Annia Aurelia Faustina
1768:(about 1 year or less)
1723:(about 1 year or less)
1178:on 1 December 147 and
1145:Annia Galeria Faustina
1085:(2 years and 3 months)
1077:Annia Galeria Faustina
1016:11 August 117 – c. 137
864:Lucius Aelius Aelianus
306:Tiberius Claudius Nero
175:fall of Constantinople
48:
16268:Theodora Palaiologina
16238:Anna Komnene Angelina
16176:Catherine of Bulgaria
16107:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
15576:Agrippina the Younger
15112:Komnenian renaissance
15107:Macedonian period art
15012:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
14984:Walls of Thessaloniki
14084:Logothetes tou dromou
13699:Twenty Years' Anarchy
13663:Valentinianic dynasty
13658:Constantinian dynasty
13390:Bloomsbury Publishing
13357:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
13321:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
13188:Analecta Papyrologica
13165:Kajava, Mika (1984).
12872:(in German). Vienna:
12775:Lilie, Ralph-Johannes
12704:King's College London
12668:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
11779:Zoe Zautzina (#28505)
11495:Staurakios (A.D. 811)
11374:, p. 1008–1009;
10959:, Vol 2, pp. 140–141.
10899:, Vol 2, pp. 423–424.
10875:, pp. 1757–1758.
10863:, Vol 2, pp. 929–930.
10851:, Vol 2, pp. 410–412.
10827:, Vol 2, pp. 888–889.
10797:, Vol 2, pp. 408–409.
10698:, Vol 1, pp. 341–342.
10590:, Vol 1, pp. 409–410.
10563:, Vol 1, pp. 488–490.
10536:, Vol 1, pp. 300–301.
10473:, Vol 1, pp. 325–326.
10461:, Vol 1, pp. 602–603.
9509:Constantinian dynasty
9441:Empresses during the
9285:Theodora Kantakouzene
9207:John VIII Palaiologos
9103:Manuel II Palaiologos
8979:Matthew Kantakouzenos
8898:(9 years and 9 month)
8857:John VI Kantakouzenos
8849:and granddaughter of
8651:and granddaughter of
8571:8 November 1272 –1281
8522:Isaac Doukas Vatatzes
8505:Theodora Palaiologina
8317:Anna Komnene Angelina
8171:Άννα Κομνηνή Αγγελίνα
8167:Anna Komnene Angelina
8022:1185–1195; 1203–1204)
7982:(6 months and 8 days)
7915:Andronikos I Komnenos
7755:Conrad III of Germany
7691:1104 – 13 August 1134
7311:Catherine of Bulgaria
6687:A relative of writer
6627:(1 year and 8 months)
6578:867 – 10 November 897
6409:Ευδοκία Δεκαπολίτισσα
6405:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
6303:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
4931:613 – 11 February 641
4478:(1 year and 7 months)
3882:388 – 27 November 450
3500:, received the title
3419:early 362 – early 383
3046:Eusebius (consul 347)
2930:in 324. Executed for
2367:Possibly daughter of
1616:(1 year and 9 months)
1545:, high priest of the
1436:28 March – 1 June 193
1234:7 March 149 – 181/182
1106:in 138, posthumously
1092:97 – late October 140
1031:Lucius Vibius Sabinus
583:13 October 54 – AD 62
531:Agrippina the Younger
479:24 January 41 – AD 48
373:Gaius Calpurnius Piso
183:John VIII Palaiologos
32:
16339:Sophia of Montferrat
16258:Anna of Hohenstaufen
16117:Theophano Martinakia
16025:Theodora of Khazaria
15658:Julia Cornelia Paula
15621:Faustina the Younger
15309:Units of measurement
15043:Panagia Gorgoepikoos
14936:Pammakaristos Church
14784:Corpus Juris Civilis
14735:Missionary activity
14194:Exarchate of Ravenna
14020:Imperial bureaucracy
13499:on 18 February 2020.
13248:10.1093/pasj/psaa114
12807:, eds. (1971–1992).
11997:, pp. 739–740;
11055:, vol. 3, pp. 60–61.
10761:, pp. 174, 740.
10578:, pp. 305, 314.
10222:Gordian I (238 A.D.)
9554:at their coronation.
9234:Σοφία (Παλαιολογίνα)
9230:Sophia of Montferrat
9150:John VII Palaiologos
9087:Daughter of magnate
9010:Μαρία (Παλαιολογίνα)
8902:1333/4 – August 1397
8795:(aged approx. 58–59)
8653:Alfonso X of Castile
8595:through her mother.
8589:Stephen V of Hungary
8419:Theodore II Laskaris
8355:Anna of Hohenstaufen
8259:1219 – November 1221
8055:Andronikos Kamateros
7881:in 1204 and married
7807:(aged approx. 35–40)
7649:Nikephoros Bryennios
7526:Bagrat IV of Georgia
7444:Constantine X Doukas
7287:Co-empress 1042–1055
7275:Empress regnant 1042
7197:Empress regnant 1042
6989:Nikephoros II Phokas
6624:late 898 – early 899
6560:Theophano Martinakia
5290:Theodora of Khazaria
3827:400 – 20 October 460
3628:(5 years and 3 days)
3465:before 25 August 383
3426:Posthumous child of
3371:Battle of Adrianople
2902:290 (?) – Summer 326
2887:Flavia Maxima Fausta
2674:, married Maxentius
2177:Gaia Cornelia Supera
2032:(2 years and a half)
1984:Probably fictional.
1771:late 221 – March 222
1758:Julia Aquilia Severa
1713:Julia Cornelia Paula
1678:Probably fictional.
1140:Faustina the Younger
1029:Daughter of senator
858:Daughter of general
855:(aged approx. 70–76)
694:early 66 – 9 June 68
590:39/40 AD – 9 June 62
167:Eastern Roman Empire
163:Western Roman Empire
106:(Greek: καισᾰ́ρειᾰ,
59:, the rulers of the
16421:Byzantine empresses
16317:Keratsa of Bulgaria
16300:Helena Kantakouzene
16280:Irene of Montferrat
16243:Philippa of Armenia
16223:Margaret of Hungary
16075:Theophano of Athens
15894:Julius Nepos's wife
15709:Herennia Etruscilla
15532:Roman and Byzantine
14833:Culture and society
14696:Ecumenical councils
14199:Exarchate of Africa
14189:Quaestura exercitus
14053:Magister officiorum
14048:Praetorian prefects
13691:Byzantine Dark Ages
13534:Roman Empire portal
12532:, pp. 135–137.
12290:, pp. 148–150.
12213:, pp. 210–224.
12169:, pp. 201–209.
12137:, pp. 199–201.
12081:, pp. 180–198.
12017:, pp. 168–179.
11973:, pp. 161–167.
11949:, pp. 136–160.
11877:, pp. 126–135.
10971:, pp. 166–167.
10713:, pp. 326–327.
10347:, pp. 252–253.
10320:, pp. 109–115.
10184:, pp. 166–167.
10136:, pp. 152–153.
10028:, pp. 125–126.
9182:Εἰρήνη Παλαιολογίνα
9131:Εἰρήνη Παλαιολογίνα
9097:Constantine XI
8956:Εἰρήνη Παλαιολογίνα
8881:Helena Kantakouzene
8800:Amadeus VI of Savoy
8725:Ειρήνη Παλαιολογίνα
8593:Theodore I Laskaris
8221:Philippa of Armenia
8198:Theodore I Laskaris
8074:Alexios III Angelos
7988:Béla III of Hungary
7965:Margaret of Hungary
7895:Alexios II Komnenos
7863:Louis VII of France
7812:Raymond of Poitiers
7647:and her son-in-law
7475:Romanos IV Diogenes
7414:Patriarch Michael I
7159:Romanos III Argyros
6842:Romanos I Lekapenos
6220:824 – 2 October 829
6043:; retired as a nun
5967:Theophano of Athens
2541:1 May 305 – May 311
2459:, probably in 315.
2401:Tetrarchy (284–324)
2369:Lucius Flavius Aper
2125:Herennia Etruscilla
1857:; exiled to Africa
961:Daughter of Lucius
316:" after his death;
16436:Lists of empresses
16344:Maria of Trebizond
16310:Irene Palaiologina
16290:Irene of Brunswick
16248:Maria of Courtenay
16208:Bertha of Sulzbach
15616:Faustina the Elder
15591:Statilia Messalina
15250:Flags and insignia
14896:Baths of Zeuxippus
14779:Codex Theodosianus
14669:Oriental Orthodoxy
13627:Later Roman Empire
13349:Talbot, Alice-Mary
12745:Kienast, Dietmar;
12722:Kazhdan, Alexander
11907:Theodora (# 27604)
11891:Theophano (#28125)
11657:, pp. 95–108.
10995:, vol. 2, pp. 423.
9264:Maria of Trebizond
9201:Vasily I of Moscow
9193:1403 – August 1417
9186:1414 – August 1417
9076:Ἑλένη Παλαιολογίνα
8952:Irene Palaiologina
8928:John V Palaiologos
8851:Irene Palaiologina
8721:Irene of Brunswick
8634:1284 / 1289 – 1317
8400:Spring 1235 – 1252
8369:(approx. 14 years)
8251:Maria of Courtenay
8002:. Not recorded as
7885:. Not recorded as
7742:1146 – 1159 / 1160
7730:Bertha of Sulzbach
7655:Alexios I Komnenos
7637:. Married Alexios
7532:Michael VII Doukas
7518:1052 / 1056 – 1118
7270:as her successor.
6950:Nikephoros II
6924:Anastaso Theophano
6697:Patriarch Nicholas
6564:Θεοφανώ Μαρτινιακή
6520:; former lover of
6388:Co-empress 842–856
6358:842 – 15 March 856
6167:25 December 820 –
5829:Grand-daughter of
5739:752 – 9 August 803
5093:; not recorded as
5047:, usurper in 644.
4996:. Not recorded as
4346:. Plotted against
4278:During the later '
3562:376, died in 386.
3147:(9 months or less)
2934:with her stepson,
2560:in 293, styled as
2396:Dominate (284–476)
1774:(less than a year)
1637:
1072:Faustina the Elder
690:Statilia Messalina
229:Zoë Porphyrogenita
181:, wife of Emperor
179:Maria of Trebizond
49:
16403:
16402:
16372:Byzantine emperor
16201:Dobrodeia of Kiev
15977:
15976:
15781:Valeria Maximilla
15719:Cornelia Salonina
15673:Sallustia Orbiana
15498:
15497:
15460:
15459:
15417:Byzantine studies
15392:
15391:
15388:
15387:
15203:Alexander Romance
15061:
15060:
15038:Nea Moni of Chios
14901:Blachernae Palace
14823:
14822:
14819:
14818:
14789:Code of Justinian
14637:Eastern Orthodoxy
14608:
14607:
14604:
14603:
14530:
14529:
14404:Scholae Palatinae
14300:
14299:
14296:
14295:
14265:Foreign relations
14259:
14258:
14153:
14152:
13967:
13966:
13963:
13962:
13766:(1204–1453)
13441:978-1-57958-316-3
13267:978-0-19-921067-1
13212:978-0-19-028888-4
13107:978-0-7546-5737-8
13082:978-1-58839-113-1
13018:978-0-19-925237-4
12997:978-0-88402-233-6
12976:978-90-04-25815-0
12955:978-1-108-48071-0
12883:978-3-7001-1462-8
12858:978-0-521-45531-2
12834:978-1-897747-32-2
12797:Martindale, J. R.
12766:978-3-534-26724-8
12737:978-0-19-504652-6
12713:978-1-908951-20-5
12627:Main bibliography
12504:, pp. 71–81.
12476:, pp. 82–95.
12346:, pp. 32–34.
12334:, pp. 128–9.
11847:Theodora (#27602)
11751:Theophano (#8165)
11567:Theodosia (#7790)
11519:Theophano (#8164)
11414:, pp. 73–94.
11378:, pp. 73–94.
11242:, pp. 50–51.
11107:, pp. 61–72.
11079:, vol. 3, p. 772.
11043:, pp. 40–58.
11019:, pp. 11–39.
10983:, Vol 2, p. 1203.
10935:, Vol 2, p. 1156.
10785:, Vol 2, p. 1112.
10497:, pp. 42–43.
9980:, pp. 90–93.
9968:, pp. 86–87.
9956:, pp. 84–85.
9473:or other sources.
9293:
9292:
9276:
9269:
9242:
9235:
9219:
9197:
9190:
9183:
9162:
9139:
9132:
9115:
9089:Konstantin Dragaš
9084:
9077:
9057:
9035:
9034:(aged approx. 54)
9024:
9018:
9011:
8991:
8964:
8957:
8940:
8906:
8899:
8893:
8886:
8869:
8842:
8835:
8796:
8789:
8782:
8781:Άννα Παλαιολογίνα
8762:
8740:
8739:(aged approx. 31)
8733:
8726:
8710:
8692:Leo II of Armenia
8687:
8680:
8645:
8638:
8631:
8611:
8585:
8584:(aged approx. 21)
8575:
8568:
8567:Άννα Παλαιολογίνα
8551:
8520:Granddaughter of
8517:
8510:
8489:Emperor (spouse)
8480: Name
8438:
8437:
8431:
8404:
8397:
8381:(Spain) in 1307.
8379:Kingdom of Aragon
8370:
8360:
8343:
8331:John III Vatatzes
8308:
8301:
8263:
8256:
8233:
8226:
8210:
8183:
8182:(7 years or less)
8172:
8155:Emperor (spouse)
8124:
8093:
8092:
8086:
8050:
8043:
8023:
7983:
7977:
7970:
7953:Emperor (spouse)
7931:
7930:
7927:
7907:
7858:
7851:
7808:
7804:1140s – late 1182
7801:
7794:
7773:
7761:Manuel I Komnenos
7746:
7739:
7718:
7695:
7688:
7667:
7631:
7630:(aged approx. 72)
7619:
7612:
7591:Emperor (spouse)
7569:
7568:
7565:
7544:
7522:
7512:
7505:
7487:
7469:
7456:
7409:
7402:
7378:Emperor (spouse)
7356:
7355:
7350:
7323:
7316:
7298:
7289:
7277:
7252:
7251:(aged approx. 76)
7245:
7238:
7217:
7199:
7190:
7170:
7137:
7136:(aged approx. 72)
7130:
7123:
7100:
7065:
7049:
7022:
7015:
7001:
6980:
6946:
6945:(aged approx. 40)
6936:
6929:
6909:
6881:
6874:
6854:
6831:
6824:
6808:
6778:
6771:
6764:
6744:
6684:
6677:
6654:
6647:
6628:
6621:
6604:
6582:
6581:(aged approx. 30)
6572:
6565:
6545:
6514:
6513:(aged approx. 42)
6504:
6497:
6476:Emperor (spouse)
6454:
6453:
6448:
6417:
6410:
6390:
6362:
6355:
6334:
6321:
6299:Second iconoclasm
6283:
6282:(aged approx. 52)
6269:
6262:
6224:
6214:
6198:
6175:
6164:
6147:Emperor (spouse)
6125:
6124:
6119:
6090:
6083:
6059:
6047:Michael I Rangabe
6032:
6025:
6009:
5979:
5972:
5956:
5917:Emperor (spouse)
5895:
5894:
5876:
5869:
5853:
5826:
5819:
5805:
5796:
5792:Empress co-regent
5782:
5743:
5742:(aged approx. 51)
5733:
5726:
5703:
5675:
5668:
5649:
5639:
5620:
5610:
5594:
5571:Bihar of Khazaria
5561:
5554:
5538:
5519:
5512:
5495:Emperor (spouse)
5473:
5472:
5467:
5448:
5426:
5407:
5397:
5381:
5362:
5340:
5339:685–695; 705–711)
5305:
5295:
5279:
5260:
5238:
5219:
5196:Emperor (spouse)
5174:
5173:
5168:
5167:685–695; 705–711)
5144:
5130:
5114:
5086:
5079:
5063:
5040:
5036:642 – 15 July 668
5033:
5017:
4985:
4978:
4935:
4925:
4905:
4882:
4875:
4854:Emperor (spouse)
4832:
4831:
4826:
4807:
4780:
4753:
4730:
4707:
4683:
4656:
4632:
4610:
4609:(aged approx. 40)
4606:497 – 28 June 528
4600:
4577:
4550:
4549:(6 years or less)
4526:Emperor (spouse)
4504:
4503:
4498:
4479:
4458:
4437:
4402:
4378:
4339:
4315:Emperor (spouse)
4271:
4270:
4265:
4243:
4222:
4191:
4173:
4144:Only daughter of
4141:
4117:Emperor (spouse)
4095:
4094:
4087:
4039:
4032:
4011:
3999:Petronius Maximus
3991:
3961:
3960:(aged approx. 71)
3950:
3926:
3886:
3885:(aged approx. 72)
3879:
3855:
3831:
3830:(aged approx. 60)
3821:
3795:
3788:
3766:
3743:
3716:
3679:
3656:
3629:
3598:
3578:
3555:
3548:
3524:Emperor (spouse)
3481:
3480:
3469:
3450:
3423:
3416:
3389:
3356:
3332:
3322:
3301:
3282:
3258:Emperor (spouse)
3236:
3235:
3230:
3202:
3175:
3148:
3117:
3098:
3068:
3041:
3017:
2998:
2977:
2958:
2906:
2905:(aged approx. 36)
2896:
2889:
2867:
2839:VI, but called a
2836:Panegyrici Latini
2830:
2806:Emperor (spouse)
2784:
2783:
2778:
2755:
2732:
2720:Maximinus II Daza
2713:
2694:
2667:
2659:Valeria Maximilla
2644:
2617:
2593:
2545:
2522:
2499:
2475:
2444:
2420:Emperor (spouse)
2393:
2392:
2387:
2364:
2344:
2325:
2300:
2269:
2246:
2227:
2219:Cornelia Salonina
2204:
2185:
2162:
2139:
2132:
2110:
2079:
2056:
2033:
2025:12 May (?) 241 –
2022:
2000:
1981:
1957:
1934:
1910:Emperor (spouse)
1879:
1878:
1873:
1861:Severus Alexander
1850:
1843:
1836:Sallustia Orbiana
1812:
1805:
1775:
1769:
1743:
1724:
1694:
1675:
1647:
1627:damnatio memoriae
1617:
1609:9/15 April 202 –
1590:
1578:Septimius Severus
1539:
1538:(aged approx. 47)
1531:October/December
1528:
1504:Emperor (spouse)
1473:
1472:
1467:
1440:
1416:
1393:
1369:Emperor (spouse)
1338:
1337:
1332:
1313:damnatio memoriae
1295:
1272:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1202:
1164:
1163:(aged approx. 46)
1154:
1150:7 March 161 – 175
1147:
1125:
1096:
1095:(aged approx. 43)
1086:
1079:
1057:
1027:
1026:(aged approx. 52)
1020:
997:
959:
958:(aged approx. 53)
949:
925:Emperor (spouse)
894:
893:
888:
856:
849:
825:Emperor (spouse)
803:
802:
797:
774:
750:Emperor (spouse)
728:
727:
721:damnatio memoriae
714:, married consul
708:
707:(aged approx. 35)
698:
654:Rufrius Crispinus
646:
639:
616:
598:Valeria Messalina
594:
587:
552:
545:
538:
516:
497:damnatio memoriae
483:
475:Valeria Messalina
456:
424:
395:
368:
340:
328:Octavian Augustus
298:
291:
267:Emperor (spouse)
185:. In addition to
69:empresses regnant
18:Byzantine empress
16:(Redirected from
16443:
16322:Irene Gattilusio
16233:Eudokia Angelina
16213:Maria of Antioch
16196:Irene of Hungary
16132:Zoe Karbonopsina
16112:Eudokia Ingerina
15985:Byzantine Empire
15848:
15847:
15693:Caecilia Paulina
15651:Fulvia Plautilla
15641:Manlia Scantilla
15631:Bruttia Crispina
15566:Milonia Caesonia
15525:
15518:
15511:
15502:
15501:
15485:
15398:
15397:
15341:Imperial Library
15287:Byzantine Greeks
15028:Daphni Monastery
14979:Panagia Chalkeon
14974:Hagios Demetrios
14941:Prison of Anemas
14891:Basilica Cistern
14849:
14848:
14840:
14839:
14829:
14828:
14684:West Syriac Rite
14674:Alexandrian Rite
14625:
14624:
14618:Religion and law
14614:
14613:
14549:Maritime themata
14505:Palaiologan army
14358:Military manuals
14326:
14325:
14317:
14316:
14306:
14305:
14164:
14163:
14140:Megas logothetes
13991:
13990:
13984:
13983:
13973:
13972:
13846:By modern region
13767:
13714:
13713:(717–1204)
13645:
13607:
13606:
13594:
13593:
13585:Byzantine Empire
13578:
13571:
13564:
13555:
13554:
13550:
13545:
13544:
13543:
13536:
13531:
13530:
13529:
13509:
13500:
13498:
13492:. Archived from
13457:
13445:
13424:
13403:
13380:
13344:
13311:
13290:Nicol, Donald M.
13285:
13283:
13271:
13250:
13241:
13216:
13195:
13178:
13161:
13136:
13111:
13092:"Mary of Alania"
13086:
13062:
13037:
13022:
13001:
12980:
12959:
12925:
12924:on 1 April 2019.
12923:
12917:. Archived from
12904:
12887:
12862:
12843:Nicol, Donald M.
12838:
12819:Martindale, J.R.
12814:
12792:
12770:
12741:
12717:
12692:
12659:Grierson, Philip
12654:
12621:
12611:
12605:
12595:
12589:
12586:Oikonomides 1977
12583:
12577:
12571:
12565:
12555:
12549:
12539:
12533:
12527:
12521:
12511:
12505:
12499:
12493:
12483:
12477:
12471:
12465:
12455:
12444:
12434:
12428:
12422:
12416:
12406:
12400:
12390:
12379:
12373:
12367:
12353:
12347:
12341:
12335:
12325:
12319:
12309:
12303:
12297:
12291:
12285:
12279:
12273:
12267:
12257:
12251:
12245:
12239:
12233:
12227:
12220:
12214:
12208:
12202:
12196:
12190:
12176:
12170:
12164:
12158:
12149:, p. 1298;
12144:
12138:
12132:
12126:
12116:
12110:
12104:
12098:
12088:
12082:
12076:
12070:
12061:, p. 1009;
12056:
12050:
12044:
12038:
12029:, p. 1298;
12024:
12018:
12012:
12006:
11992:
11986:
11985:, p. 41–47.
11980:
11974:
11968:
11962:
11956:
11950:
11944:
11938:
11932:
11926:
11916:
11910:
11900:
11894:
11884:
11878:
11872:
11866:
11856:
11850:
11840:
11834:
11824:
11818:
11809:, p. 2228;
11804:
11798:
11788:
11782:
11772:
11766:
11760:
11754:
11745:, p. 2064;
11740:
11734:
11712:
11706:
11688:
11682:
11664:
11658:
11652:
11646:
11643:Theodora (#7286)
11624:
11618:
11600:
11594:
11576:
11570:
11552:
11546:
11543:Prokopia (#6351)
11528:
11522:
11504:
11498:
11488:
11482:
11472:
11463:
11460:Theodote (#7899)
11445:
11439:
11421:
11415:
11409:
11403:
11385:
11379:
11369:
11363:
11345:
11339:
11321:
11315:
11297:
11291:
11273:
11267:
11249:
11243:
11225:
11219:
11213:
11196:
11178:
11172:
11169:Anastasia (#228)
11154:
11148:
11130:
11124:
11114:
11108:
11102:
11096:
11086:
11080:
11074:
11068:
11062:
11056:
11050:
11044:
11038:
11032:
11026:
11020:
11014:
11008:
11002:
10996:
10990:
10984:
10978:
10972:
10966:
10960:
10954:
10948:
10942:
10936:
10930:
10924:
10923:, Vol 2, p. 777.
10918:
10912:
10911:, Vol 2, p. 887.
10906:
10900:
10894:
10888:
10882:
10876:
10870:
10864:
10858:
10852:
10846:
10840:
10834:
10828:
10822:
10816:
10815:
10804:
10798:
10792:
10786:
10780:
10774:
10773:, Vol 1, p. 558.
10768:
10762:
10756:
10750:
10749:, Vol 2, p. 410.
10744:
10738:
10732:
10726:
10725:, Vol 1, p. 382.
10720:
10714:
10708:
10699:
10693:
10687:
10681:
10675:
10669:
10663:
10662:, Vol 1, p. 492.
10657:
10651:
10645:
10639:
10633:
10627:
10621:
10615:
10614:, Vol 1, p. 828.
10609:
10603:
10602:, Vol 1, p. 201.
10597:
10591:
10585:
10579:
10573:
10564:
10558:
10549:
10548:, Vol 1, p. 326.
10543:
10537:
10531:
10525:
10519:
10510:
10509:, Vol 1, p. 226.
10504:
10498:
10495:Vanderspoel 2020
10492:
10486:
10480:
10474:
10468:
10462:
10456:
10450:
10449:, Vol 1, p. 221.
10444:
10435:
10429:
10423:
10422:, Vol 1, p. 576.
10417:
10411:
10405:
10399:
10398:, Vol 1, p. 937.
10393:
10384:
10383:, Vol 1, p. 316.
10378:
10372:
10366:
10360:
10359:, Vol 1, p. 726.
10354:
10348:
10342:
10333:
10332:, Vol 1, p. 983.
10327:
10321:
10315:
10309:
10303:
10297:
10296:, Vol 1, p. 830.
10291:
10285:
10279:
10273:
10267:
10261:
10255:
10249:
10243:
10237:
10231:
10225:
10215:
10209:
10203:
10197:
10191:
10185:
10179:
10173:
10172:
10164:Historia Augusta
10155:
10149:
10143:
10137:
10131:
10125:
10119:
10113:
10107:
10101:
10095:
10089:
10083:
10077:
10071:
10065:
10059:
10053:
10047:
10041:
10035:
10029:
10023:
10017:
10011:
10005:
9999:
9993:
9987:
9981:
9975:
9969:
9963:
9957:
9951:
9945:
9939:
9933:
9932:
9917:
9908:
9907:
9890:
9881:
9875:
9869:
9863:
9857:
9851:
9830:
9824:
9818:
9811:
9805:
9799:
9793:
9790:
9784:
9777:
9771:
9765:
9759:
9753:
9747:
9740:
9734:
9728:
9722:
9719:
9713:
9707:
9701:
9695:
9689:
9686:Constantine VIII
9683:
9677:
9671:
9665:
9662:
9656:
9650:
9644:
9638:
9632:
9626:
9620:
9619:empress regnant.
9614:
9605:
9598:
9592:
9585:
9579:
9573:
9567:
9561:
9555:
9546:
9540:
9534:
9528:
9518:
9512:
9505:
9499:
9492:
9486:
9480:
9474:
9464:
9458:
9439:
9433:
9427:
9421:
9415:
9409:
9387:
9378:
9374:
9368:
9364:
9358:
9343:
9312:List of Augustae
9274:
9267:
9260:
9240:
9233:
9217:
9215:
9210:
9195:
9188:
9181:
9174:
9161:1390; 1403–1408)
9160:
9158:
9153:
9137:
9130:
9127:Irene Gattilusio
9113:
9111:
9106:
9082:
9075:
9068:
9055:
9053:
9048:
9033:
9030:
9022:
9016:
9009:
9002:
8989:
8987:
8982:
8962:
8955:
8938:
8936:
8931:
8904:
8897:
8891:
8884:
8867:
8865:
8860:
8840:
8833:
8794:
8792:c. 1306 – 1365/6
8787:
8780:
8773:
8760:
8758:
8753:
8738:
8731:
8724:
8708:
8706:
8701:
8685:
8678:
8671:
8643:
8641:1272/1273 – 1317
8636:
8629:
8622:
8609:
8607:
8602:
8583:
8580:
8573:
8566:
8549:
8547:
8542:
8515:
8508:
8501:
8474:
8473:
8429:
8427:
8422:
8414:
8402:
8395:
8368:
8365:
8358:
8341:
8339:
8334:
8306:
8299:
8292:
8261:
8254:
8238:Leo I of Armenia
8231:
8224:
8208:
8206:
8201:
8181:
8178:
8170:
8140:
8139:
8116:Empire of Nicaea
8101:
8084:
8082:
8077:
8057:and relative of
8048:
8041:
8034:
8021:
8019:
8014:
8011:Isaac II Angelos
7981:
7975:
7968:
7938:
7937:
7925:
7923:
7918:
7905:
7903:
7898:
7856:
7845:
7838:
7806:
7799:
7792:
7789:Maria of Antioch
7785:
7771:
7769:
7764:
7744:
7733:
7716:
7714:
7709:
7706:John II Komnenos
7693:
7686:
7683:Irene of Hungary
7679:
7665:
7663:
7658:
7642:
7641:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7617:
7610:
7603:
7576:
7575:
7563:
7561:
7556:
7542:
7540:
7535:
7520:
7517:
7510:
7503:
7496:
7485:
7483:
7478:
7465:
7454:
7452:
7447:
7423:
7419:
7407:
7400:
7390:
7363:
7362:
7348:
7346:
7341:
7338:Isaac I Komnenos
7321:
7314:
7294:
7285:
7273:
7250:
7243:
7236:
7226:
7215:
7213:
7208:
7195:
7188:
7186:
7181:
7168:
7166:
7161:
7141:Constantine VIII
7135:
7128:
7121:
7111:
7098:
7096:
7091:
7088:Constantine VIII
7074:
7070:
7063:
7047:
7045:
7040:
7037:John I Tzimiskes
7020:
7013:
6999:
6997:
6992:
6978:
6976:
6971:
6944:
6942:940 – c. 980 (?)
6941:
6934:
6927:
6920:
6907:
6905:
6900:
6879:
6872:
6865:
6852:
6850:
6845:
6837:
6829:
6822:
6806:
6804:
6799:
6776:
6769:
6762:
6755:
6742:
6740:
6735:
6724:
6682:
6675:
6672:Zoe Karbonopsina
6668:
6652:
6645:
6626:
6619:
6602:
6600:
6595:
6580:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6556:
6543:
6541:
6536:
6512:
6509:
6502:
6500:26 May 866 – 882
6496:Ευδοκία Ιγγερίνα
6495:
6492:Eudokia Ingerina
6488:
6461:
6460:
6446:
6444:
6439:
6432:; fate unknown.
6422:Eudokia Ingerina
6415:
6408:
6401:
6386:
6360:
6353:
6343:
6330:
6319:
6317:
6312:
6281:
6278:
6274:
6267:
6260:
6250:
6222:
6219:
6212:
6196:
6194:
6189:
6180:Bardanes Tourkos
6173:
6170:
6162:
6132:
6131:
6117:
6115:
6110:
6088:
6081:
6074:
6057:
6055:
6050:
6030:
6023:
6007:
6005:
6000:
5988:Battle of Pliska
5977:
5970:
5954:
5952:
5947:
5929:
5902:
5901:
5874:
5867:
5851:
5849:
5844:
5836:
5831:Saint Philaretos
5824:
5817:
5801:
5790:
5780:
5778:
5773:
5759:First iconoclasm
5745:A member of the
5741:
5738:
5731:
5724:
5714:
5701:
5699:
5694:
5673:
5666:
5647:
5644:
5637:
5618:
5615:
5608:
5592:
5590:
5585:
5559:
5552:
5536:
5534:
5529:
5517:
5510:
5480:
5479:
5465:
5463:
5458:
5446:
5443:
5424:
5422:
5417:
5405:
5402:
5395:
5379:
5377:
5372:
5360:
5357:
5338:
5336:
5331:
5303:
5300:
5293:
5277:
5275:
5270:
5258:
5255:
5236:
5234:
5229:
5217:
5214:
5181:
5180:
5166:
5164:
5159:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5128:
5112:
5110:
5105:
5084:
5077:
5061:
5059:
5054:
5038:
5031:
5015:
5013:
5008:
4983:
4976:
4954:, and exiled by
4933:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4903:
4901:
4896:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4839:
4838:
4824:
4822:
4817:
4805:
4795:
4778:
4776:
4771:
4751:
4741:
4728:
4726:
4721:
4705:
4695:
4681:
4679:
4674:
4654:
4644:
4630:
4628:
4623:
4615:
4608:
4605:
4598:
4588:
4575:
4573:
4568:
4548:
4538:
4511:
4510:
4496:
4494:
4489:
4477:
4467:
4456:
4454:
4449:
4435:
4433:
4428:
4400:
4390:
4376:
4374:
4369:
4337:
4327:
4300:
4299:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4241:
4220:
4218:
4213:
4205:
4189:
4171:
4169:
4164:
4151:
4139:
4129:
4102:
4101:
4085:
4083:
4078:
4037:
4030:
4020:
4009:
4007:
4002:
3989:
3987:
3982:
3959:
3956:
3948:
3938:
3924:
3922:
3917:
3884:
3877:
3867:
3853:
3851:
3846:
3829:
3826:
3819:
3809:
3793:
3784:
3777:
3764:
3762:
3757:
3741:
3738:
3728:
3714:
3712:
3707:
3677:
3667:
3654:
3652:
3647:
3627:
3596:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3561:
3553:
3544:
3536:
3509:
3508:
3467:
3448:
3446:
3441:
3421:
3414:
3411:
3401:
3387:
3385:
3380:
3365:. Briefly ruled
3354:
3330:
3327:
3316:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3280:
3270:
3243:
3242:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3208:magister equitum
3205:Daughter of the
3200:
3190:
3173:
3171:
3166:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3115:
3113:
3108:
3096:
3066:
3039:
3029:
3015:
3013:
3008:
2996:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2956:
2904:
2901:
2894:
2885:
2878:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2828:
2818:
2791:
2790:
2776:
2774:
2769:
2754:(11 years, East)
2753:
2743:
2730:
2728:
2723:
2712:(11 years, East)
2711:
2692:
2690:
2685:
2677:
2666:(6 years, Italy)
2665:
2655:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2615:
2605:
2591:
2589:
2584:
2543:
2533:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2497:
2487:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2442:
2432:
2405:
2404:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2362:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2323:
2313:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2267:
2257:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2225:
2215:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2183:
2173:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2137:
2128:
2121:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2077:
2067:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2040:; unknown fate.
2031:
2028:
2018:
2011:
1998:
1996:
1991:
1979:
1968:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1941:by her husband.
1932:
1926:Caecilia Paulina
1922:
1895:
1894:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1848:
1839:
1832:
1810:
1801:
1794:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1754:
1741:
1739:
1734:
1722:
1719:
1709:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1673:
1662:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1615:
1612:
1601:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1543:Julius Bassianus
1537:
1534:
1526:
1516:
1489:
1488:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1438:
1432:Manlia Scantilla
1428:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1391:
1381:
1354:
1353:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1293:
1287:Bruttia Crispina
1283:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1252:and executed by
1236:
1229:
1220:
1213:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1162:
1159:
1152:
1143:
1136:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1094:
1091:
1084:
1075:
1068:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1025:
1018:
1008:
995:
993:
988:
957:
954:
947:
937:
910:
909:
886:
884:
879:
854:
847:
837:
810:
809:
795:
793:
788:
772:
762:
735:
734:
706:
703:
696:
686:
658:
644:
637:
627:
614:
612:
607:
592:
585:
575:
550:
543:
534:
527:
514:
512:
507:
481:
471:
454:
448:Milonia Caesonia
444:
422:
418:
408:
393:
391:
386:
366:
362:
351:
338:
336:
331:
296:
289:
279:
252:
251:
82:titles included
42:
40:
21:
16451:
16450:
16446:
16445:
16444:
16442:
16441:
16440:
16416:Roman empresses
16406:
16405:
16404:
16399:
16381:
16348:
16285:Rita of Armenia
16273:Anna of Hungary
16253:Irene Laskarina
16218:Agnes of France
16186:Maria of Alania
16137:Helena Lekapene
15987:
15984:
15973:
15906:
15898:
15882:Marcia Euphemia
15877:Licinia Eudoxia
15854:
15846:
15837:Aelia Flaccilla
15759:Galeria Valeria
15741:
15733:
15714:Cornelia Supera
15685:
15677:
15606:Pompeia Plotina
15601:Domitia Longina
15596:Galeria Fundana
15581:Claudia Octavia
15556:Livia Orestilla
15543:
15535:
15529:
15499:
15494:
15491:
15456:
15432:Cyrillic script
15403:
15384:
15329:
15313:
15213:
15195:Digenes Akritas
15171:
15116:
15057:
15021:Other locations
15016:
14988:
14945:
14877:
14866:Cross-in-square
14834:
14815:
14765:
14619:
14600:
14526:
14476:
14472:Varangian Guard
14415:
14389:East Roman army
14384:Late Roman army
14372:
14311:
14292:
14255:
14234:
14203:
14149:
14128:
14124:Epi ton deeseon
14114:Epi tou eidikou
14072:
14036:
13978:
13959:
13946:
13849:
13847:
13840:
13826:Palaiologan era
13768:
13765:
13756:
13727:Nikephorian era
13715:
13712:
13703:
13646:
13644:(330–717)
13643:
13634:
13614:
13601:
13588:
13582:
13546:
13541:
13539:
13532:
13527:
13525:
13522:
13517:
13496:
13474:
13464:10.2307/4352566
13455:
13442:
13421:
13400:
13369:10.2307/1291662
13333:10.2307/1291411
13281:
13268:
13213:
13133:
13108:
13097:Byzantine Women
13083:
13067:Evans, Helen C.
13036:. 86/87: 47–68.
13019:
12998:
12977:
12956:
12933:
12928:
12921:
12902:
12884:
12859:
12835:
12801:Jones, A. H. M.
12767:
12738:
12714:
12681:10.2307/1291157
12651:
12629:
12624:
12612:
12608:
12602:Sophia (#26389)
12596:
12592:
12584:
12580:
12572:
12568:
12556:
12552:
12540:
12536:
12528:
12524:
12512:
12508:
12500:
12496:
12484:
12480:
12472:
12468:
12456:
12447:
12435:
12431:
12423:
12419:
12407:
12403:
12391:
12382:
12374:
12370:
12354:
12350:
12342:
12338:
12330:, p. 412;
12326:
12322:
12310:
12306:
12302:, pp. 275.
12298:
12294:
12286:
12282:
12274:
12270:
12258:
12254:
12246:
12242:
12234:
12230:
12221:
12217:
12209:
12205:
12197:
12193:
12177:
12173:
12165:
12161:
12145:
12141:
12133:
12129:
12117:
12113:
12109:, pp. 199.
12105:
12101:
12089:
12085:
12077:
12073:
12057:
12053:
12045:
12041:
12025:
12021:
12013:
12009:
11993:
11989:
11981:
11977:
11969:
11965:
11961:, p. 2038.
11957:
11953:
11945:
11941:
11937:, p. 2228.
11933:
11929:
11923:Helene (#22578)
11917:
11913:
11901:
11897:
11885:
11881:
11873:
11869:
11857:
11853:
11841:
11837:
11825:
11821:
11805:
11801:
11789:
11785:
11773:
11769:
11761:
11757:
11741:
11737:
11717:, p. 739;
11713:
11709:
11689:
11685:
11665:
11661:
11653:
11649:
11625:
11621:
11601:
11597:
11577:
11573:
11553:
11549:
11529:
11525:
11505:
11501:
11489:
11485:
11477:, p. 230;
11473:
11466:
11446:
11442:
11422:
11418:
11410:
11406:
11386:
11382:
11370:
11366:
11346:
11342:
11336:Eudokia (#1626)
11322:
11318:
11298:
11294:
11274:
11270:
11250:
11246:
11226:
11222:
11214:
11199:
11179:
11175:
11155:
11151:
11131:
11127:
11115:
11111:
11103:
11099:
11087:
11083:
11075:
11071:
11063:
11059:
11051:
11047:
11039:
11035:
11027:
11023:
11015:
11011:
11003:
10999:
10991:
10987:
10979:
10975:
10967:
10963:
10955:
10951:
10947:, p. 2160.
10943:
10939:
10931:
10927:
10919:
10915:
10907:
10903:
10895:
10891:
10883:
10879:
10871:
10867:
10859:
10855:
10847:
10843:
10835:
10831:
10823:
10819:
10806:
10805:
10801:
10793:
10789:
10781:
10777:
10769:
10765:
10757:
10753:
10745:
10741:
10733:
10729:
10721:
10717:
10709:
10702:
10694:
10690:
10682:
10678:
10670:
10666:
10658:
10654:
10646:
10642:
10634:
10630:
10622:
10618:
10610:
10606:
10598:
10594:
10586:
10582:
10574:
10567:
10559:
10552:
10544:
10540:
10532:
10528:
10520:
10513:
10505:
10501:
10493:
10489:
10481:
10477:
10469:
10465:
10457:
10453:
10445:
10438:
10430:
10426:
10418:
10414:
10406:
10402:
10394:
10387:
10379:
10375:
10367:
10363:
10355:
10351:
10343:
10336:
10328:
10324:
10316:
10312:
10304:
10300:
10292:
10288:
10280:
10276:
10268:
10264:
10256:
10252:
10244:
10240:
10232:
10228:
10216:
10212:
10204:
10200:
10192:
10188:
10180:
10176:
10157:
10156:
10152:
10144:
10140:
10132:
10128:
10120:
10116:
10108:
10104:
10096:
10092:
10084:
10080:
10072:
10068:
10060:
10056:
10048:
10044:
10036:
10032:
10024:
10020:
10012:
10008:
10000:
9996:
9988:
9984:
9976:
9972:
9964:
9960:
9952:
9948:
9940:
9936:
9918:
9911:
9891:
9884:
9876:
9872:
9864:
9860:
9856:, pp. 1–4.
9852:
9848:
9844:
9839:
9834:
9833:
9825:
9821:
9812:
9808:
9800:
9796:
9791:
9787:
9781:Empress Ariadne
9778:
9774:
9766:
9762:
9754:
9750:
9741:
9737:
9729:
9725:
9720:
9716:
9708:
9704:
9696:
9692:
9684:
9680:
9672:
9668:
9663:
9659:
9651:
9647:
9639:
9635:
9627:
9623:
9615:
9608:
9599:
9595:
9586:
9582:
9574:
9570:
9562:
9558:
9547:
9543:
9537:Constantine III
9535:
9531:
9519:
9515:
9506:
9502:
9496:Aelia Flaccilla
9493:
9489:
9481:
9477:
9465:
9461:
9451:Galeria Valeria
9440:
9436:
9428:
9424:
9416:
9412:
9405:Marcus Aurelius
9392:Feriale Duranum
9388:
9381:
9375:
9371:
9365:
9361:
9344:
9340:
9335:
9298:
9273:
9266:
9239:
9232:
9212:
9209:
9198:
9194:
9187:
9180:
9165:
9155:
9152:
9136:
9129:
9118:
9108:
9105:
9081:
9074:
9050:
9047:
9036:
9032:
9021:
9019:
9015:
9008:
8984:
8981:
8961:
8954:
8943:
8933:
8930:
8907:
8903:
8896:
8894:
8890:
8883:
8872:
8862:
8859:
8847:Andronikos Asen
8839:
8832:
8821:
8797:
8793:
8786:
8779:
8755:
8752:
8741:
8737:
8730:
8723:
8703:
8700:
8684:
8677:
8662:
8646:
8644:(aged 44 or 45)
8642:
8635:
8628:
8604:
8601:
8586:
8582:
8572:
8565:
8563:Anna of Hungary
8554:
8544:
8541:
8526:Nicaean emperor
8514:
8507:
8443:
8434:
8424:
8421:
8401:
8394:
8367:
8357:
8346:
8336:
8333:
8305:
8298:
8296:Irene Laskarina
8260:
8253:
8230:
8223:
8203:
8200:
8180:
8169:
8129:Irene Laskarina
8098:
8089:
8079:
8076:
8047:
8040:
8016:
8013:
7980:
7978:
7974:
7967:
7936:
7920:
7917:
7900:
7897:
7883:Theodore Branas
7855:
7844:
7842:Agnes of France
7829:
7809:
7805:
7798:
7791:
7776:
7766:
7763:
7743:
7732:
7721:
7711:
7708:
7692:
7685:
7670:
7660:
7657:
7638:
7632:
7628:
7622:
7616:
7611:Ειρήνη Δούκαινα
7609:
7574:
7558:
7555:
7547:
7537:
7534:
7523:
7519:
7509:
7502:
7500:Maria of Alania
7480:
7477:
7459:
7449:
7446:
7406:
7399:
7397:Makrembolitissa
7361:
7343:
7340:
7320:
7313:
7280:
7264:empress regnant
7253:
7249:
7242:
7235:
7210:
7207:
7183:
7173:
7163:
7138:
7134:
7127:
7120:
7093:
7090:
7062:
7042:
7039:
7031:Helena Lekapene
7027:Constantine VII
7019:
7012:
6994:
6991:
6983:
6973:
6970:
6947:
6943:
6933:
6926:
6902:
6899:
6878:
6871:
6847:
6844:
6828:
6821:
6801:
6798:
6796:Constantine VII
6779:
6775:
6768:
6761:
6759:Helena Lekapene
6737:
6734:
6701:Constantine VII
6681:
6674:
6651:
6644:
6625:
6618:
6607:
6597:
6594:
6583:
6579:
6569:
6562:
6538:
6535:
6518:Inger (senator)
6515:
6511:
6501:
6494:
6459:
6441:
6438:
6414:
6407:
6359:
6352:
6324:
6314:
6311:
6284:
6280:
6266:
6259:
6221:
6211:
6191:
6188:
6172:
6161:
6130:
6112:
6109:
6087:
6080:
6052:
6049:
6029:
6022:
6002:
5999:
5984:Irene of Athens
5976:
5969:
5949:
5946:
5900:
5883:; originally a
5873:
5866:
5846:
5843:
5823:
5816:
5793:
5785:
5775:
5771:
5744:
5740:
5730:
5723:
5696:
5693:
5672:
5665:
5646:
5636:
5617:
5607:
5587:
5583:
5558:
5551:
5531:
5528:
5516:
5509:
5478:
5460:
5457:
5445:
5419:
5416:
5404:
5394:
5374:
5371:
5359:
5333:
5330:
5302:
5292:
5272:
5269:
5257:
5231:
5228:
5216:
5179:
5161:
5158:
5141:
5127:
5107:
5104:
5083:
5076:
5056:
5053:
5037:
5030:
5010:
5007:
4982:
4975:
4934:(about 7 years)
4932:
4922:
4898:
4895:
4879:
4872:
4837:
4819:
4816:
4804:
4773:
4770:
4750:
4723:
4720:
4704:
4699:(Ino) Anastasia
4686:
4676:
4673:
4653:
4635:
4625:
4622:
4611:
4607:
4597:
4570:
4567:
4547:
4509:
4491:
4488:
4476:
4451:
4448:
4440:
4430:
4427:
4415:Helena Lekapene
4399:
4381:
4371:
4368:
4336:
4298:
4276:
4258:
4255:
4240:
4215:
4212:
4200:Licinia Eudoxia
4196:Valentinian III
4188:
4166:
4163:
4152:453. Styled as
4138:
4133:Marcia Euphemia
4100:
4091:
4090:
4080:
4077:
4040:
4036:
4029:
4004:
4001:
3984:
3981:
3979:Valentinian III
3962:
3958:
3947:
3942:Licinia Eudoxia
3929:
3919:
3916:
3914:Constantius III
3903:Valentinian III
3887:
3883:
3876:
3858:
3848:
3845:
3832:
3828:
3818:
3792:
3783:
3759:
3756:
3750:, died in 407.
3740:
3719:
3709:
3706:
3676:
3649:
3646:
3626:
3612:
3595:
3581:
3571:
3568:
3552:
3542:
3540:Aelia Flaccilla
3486:
3466:
3443:
3440:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3412:374 – early 383
3392:
3382:
3379:
3353:
3338:
3329:
3315:
3304:
3294:
3291:
3279:
3241:
3223:
3220:
3199:
3168:
3165:
3145:
3120:
3110:
3107:
3095:
3065:
3051:
3040:(about 7 years)
3038:
3037:c. 353 – c. 360
3020:
3010:
3007:
3001:Nothing known.
2995:
2970:
2967:
2955:
2941:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2884:
2860:
2857:
2845:Aurelius Victor
2827:
2789:
2771:
2768:
2758:Half-sister of
2752:
2725:
2722:
2710:
2687:
2684:
2664:
2637:
2634:
2624:and (probably)
2614:
2596:
2586:
2583:
2568:mater castrorum
2552:and (probably)
2544:(6 years, East)
2542:
2537:Galeria Valeria
2515:
2512:
2496:
2478:
2468:
2465:
2441:
2403:
2398:
2380:
2377:
2361:
2347:
2337:
2334:
2328:Nothing known.
2322:
2304:
2303:
2293:
2290:
2278:empress regnant
2274:Ulpius Crinitus
2266:
2239:
2236:
2230:Nothing known.
2224:
2197:
2194:
2188:Nothing known.
2182:
2155:
2152:
2136:
2127:
2103:
2100:
2076:
2049:
2046:
2030:
2017:
1993:
1990:
1978:
1972:Fabia Orestilla
1950:
1947:
1933:(very briefly?)
1931:
1884:
1866:
1863:
1847:
1838:
1821:Marcus Aurelius
1809:
1800:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1736:
1733:
1721:
1687:
1684:
1672:
1640:
1636:
1614:
1583:
1580:
1540:
1536:
1535:170 – April 217
1525:
1478:
1460:
1457:
1455:Didius Julianus
1437:
1419:
1409:
1406:
1390:
1343:
1325:
1322:
1292:
1265:
1262:
1242:Marcus Aurelius
1239:
1235:
1228:
1219:
1195:
1192:
1190:Marcus Aurelius
1182:(mother of the
1180:mater castrorum
1170:, betrothed to
1165:
1161:
1151:
1142:
1118:
1115:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1074:
1050:
1047:
1028:
1024:
1023:c. 85 – 136/137
1017:
990:
987:
960:
956:
955:70 (?) – c. 123
946:
941:Pompeia Plotina
899:
881:
878:
857:
853:
846:
841:Domitia Longina
808:
790:
787:
771:
766:Galeria Fundana
733:
709:
705:
695:
647:
643:
636:
609:
606:
595:
591:
584:
579:Claudia Octavia
553:
549:
542:
536:Julia Agrippina
533:
509:
506:
480:
453:
420:
399:
398:
388:
385:
364:
333:
330:
299:
295:
288:
250:
245:
144:"mother of the
142:māter castrōrum
53:Roman empresses
37:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
16449:
16439:
16438:
16433:
16428:
16423:
16418:
16401:
16400:
16386:
16383:
16382:
16380:
16379:
16374:
16369:
16368:
16367:
16356:
16354:
16350:
16349:
16347:
16346:
16341:
16336:
16332:Anna of Moscow
16324:
16319:
16314:
16302:
16297:
16292:
16287:
16282:
16277:
16265:
16260:
16255:
16250:
16245:
16240:
16235:
16230:
16225:
16220:
16215:
16210:
16205:
16193:
16191:Irene Doukaina
16188:
16183:
16178:
16173:
16166:
16159:
16154:
16149:
16144:
16139:
16134:
16129:
16127:Eudokia Baïana
16124:
16122:Zoe Zaoutzaina
16119:
16114:
16109:
16104:
16097:
16092:
16087:
16082:
16077:
16072:
16067:
16065:Maria of Amnia
16062:
16054:
16047:
16042:
16037:
16032:
16027:
16022:
16017:
16012:
16007:
16002:
15997:
15991:
15989:
15979:
15978:
15975:
15974:
15972:
15971:
15966:
15961:
15956:
15951:
15946:
15941:
15936:
15931:
15926:
15921:
15916:
15910:
15908:
15904:Eastern Empire
15900:
15899:
15897:
15896:
15891:
15884:
15879:
15874:
15872:Galla Placidia
15869:
15864:
15858:
15856:
15852:Western Empire
15845:
15844:
15839:
15834:
15829:
15824:
15819:
15814:
15809:
15804:
15799:
15794:
15789:
15784:
15777:
15772:
15766:
15761:
15756:
15751:
15745:
15743:
15735:
15734:
15732:
15731:
15726:
15724:Ulpia Severina
15721:
15716:
15711:
15706:
15701:
15696:
15689:
15687:
15679:
15678:
15676:
15675:
15670:
15668:Annia Faustina
15665:
15663:Aquilia Severa
15660:
15655:
15643:
15638:
15636:Flavia Titiana
15633:
15628:
15623:
15618:
15613:
15608:
15603:
15598:
15593:
15588:
15586:Poppaea Sabina
15583:
15578:
15573:
15568:
15563:
15561:Lollia Paulina
15558:
15553:
15547:
15545:
15544:27 BC – AD 235
15537:
15536:
15528:
15527:
15520:
15513:
15505:
15496:
15495:
15493:
15492:
15490:
15489:
15479:
15474:
15468:
15465:
15462:
15461:
15458:
15457:
15455:
15454:
15449:
15444:
15439:
15434:
15429:
15424:
15419:
15414:
15408:
15405:
15404:
15394:
15393:
15390:
15389:
15386:
15385:
15383:
15382:
15381:
15380:
15370:
15365:
15364:
15363:
15353:
15348:
15343:
15338:
15332:
15330:
15328:
15327:
15324:
15318:
15315:
15314:
15312:
15311:
15306:
15301:
15296:
15291:
15290:
15289:
15279:
15278:
15277:
15272:
15262:
15257:
15252:
15247:
15242:
15237:
15232:
15227:
15221:
15219:
15215:
15214:
15212:
15211:
15206:
15199:
15198:
15197:
15187:
15181:
15179:
15173:
15172:
15170:
15169:
15164:
15163:
15162:
15157:
15152:
15142:
15137:
15132:
15126:
15124:
15118:
15117:
15115:
15114:
15109:
15104:
15099:
15098:
15097:
15087:
15082:
15077:
15071:
15069:
15063:
15062:
15059:
15058:
15056:
15055:
15050:
15045:
15040:
15035:
15030:
15024:
15022:
15018:
15017:
15015:
15014:
15009:
15004:
14998:
14996:
14990:
14989:
14987:
14986:
14981:
14976:
14971:
14966:
14964:Byzantine Bath
14961:
14955:
14953:
14947:
14946:
14944:
14943:
14938:
14933:
14928:
14923:
14918:
14913:
14908:
14903:
14898:
14893:
14887:
14885:
14883:Constantinople
14879:
14878:
14876:
14875:
14874:
14873:
14868:
14858:
14852:
14846:
14836:
14835:
14825:
14824:
14821:
14820:
14817:
14816:
14814:
14813:
14808:
14803:
14798:
14793:
14792:
14791:
14781:
14775:
14773:
14767:
14766:
14764:
14763:
14758:
14757:
14756:
14751:
14746:
14741:
14733:
14728:
14723:
14718:
14713:
14708:
14703:
14698:
14693:
14692:
14691:
14686:
14681:
14676:
14666:
14665:
14664:
14659:
14654:
14649:
14644:
14642:Byzantine Rite
14633:
14631:
14621:
14620:
14610:
14609:
14606:
14605:
14602:
14601:
14599:
14598:
14593:
14588:
14583:
14578:
14573:
14568:
14567:
14566:
14561:
14556:
14546:
14540:
14538:
14532:
14531:
14528:
14527:
14525:
14524:
14522:Grand domestic
14519:
14518:
14517:
14512:
14502:
14501:
14500:
14495:
14488:Komnenian army
14484:
14482:
14478:
14477:
14475:
14474:
14469:
14464:
14459:
14454:
14449:
14444:
14439:
14434:
14429:
14423:
14421:
14417:
14416:
14414:
14413:
14412:
14411:
14406:
14401:
14396:
14386:
14380:
14378:
14374:
14373:
14371:
14370:
14365:
14363:Military units
14360:
14355:
14350:
14345:
14340:
14335:
14333:Battle tactics
14329:
14323:
14313:
14312:
14302:
14301:
14298:
14297:
14294:
14293:
14291:
14290:
14285:
14280:
14275:
14269:
14267:
14261:
14260:
14257:
14256:
14254:
14253:
14248:
14242:
14240:
14236:
14235:
14233:
14232:
14227:
14222:
14217:
14211:
14209:
14205:
14204:
14202:
14201:
14196:
14191:
14186:
14181:
14176:
14170:
14168:
14161:
14155:
14154:
14151:
14150:
14148:
14147:
14142:
14136:
14134:
14130:
14129:
14127:
14126:
14121:
14116:
14111:
14106:
14101:
14096:
14091:
14086:
14080:
14078:
14074:
14073:
14071:
14070:
14065:
14060:
14055:
14050:
14044:
14042:
14038:
14037:
14035:
14034:
14029:
14028:
14027:
14025:Medieval Greek
14017:
14016:
14015:
14010:
14005:
13994:
13988:
13980:
13979:
13969:
13968:
13965:
13964:
13961:
13960:
13958:
13957:
13952:
13947:
13942:
13940:
13935:
13930:
13925:
13920:
13919:
13918:
13913:
13903:
13898:
13893:
13888:
13883:
13878:
13873:
13868:
13863:
13858:
13852:
13850:
13845:
13842:
13841:
13839:
13838:
13833:
13828:
13823:
13796:
13795:
13794:
13784:
13783:
13782:
13780:Fourth Crusade
13771:
13769:
13761:
13758:
13757:
13755:
13754:
13749:
13744:
13739:
13737:Macedonian era
13734:
13729:
13724:
13718:
13716:
13708:
13705:
13704:
13702:
13701:
13696:
13695:
13694:
13682:
13677:
13672:
13670:Theodosian era
13667:
13666:
13665:
13660:
13649:
13647:
13639:
13636:
13635:
13633:
13632:
13631:
13630:
13617:
13615:
13610:
13603:
13602:
13590:
13589:
13581:
13580:
13573:
13566:
13558:
13552:
13551:
13537:
13521:
13520:External links
13518:
13516:
13515:
13501:
13472:
13446:
13440:
13425:
13420:978-3030398972
13419:
13404:
13398:
13381:
13345:
13312:
13286:
13272:
13266:
13251:
13217:
13211:
13196:
13179:
13162:
13137:
13131:
13123:Dumbarton Oaks
13112:
13106:
13087:
13081:
13069:, ed. (2004).
13063:
13038:
13023:
13017:
13011:. OUP Oxford.
13002:
12996:
12981:
12975:
12960:
12954:
12934:
12932:
12929:
12927:
12926:
12888:
12882:
12863:
12857:
12839:
12833:
12815:
12793:
12771:
12765:
12742:
12736:
12724:, ed. (1991).
12718:
12712:
12693:
12655:
12649:
12635:Garland, Lynda
12630:
12628:
12625:
12623:
12622:
12606:
12590:
12578:
12576:, p. 227.
12566:
12550:
12546:Maria (#16891)
12534:
12522:
12506:
12494:
12478:
12466:
12445:
12429:
12417:
12401:
12380:
12368:
12348:
12336:
12328:Beihammer 2013
12320:
12316:Helene (#6000)
12304:
12292:
12280:
12268:
12266:, p. 544.
12264:Bellinger 1999
12262:, p. 32;
12252:
12240:
12228:
12222:The honorific
12215:
12203:
12201:, p. 224.
12191:
12171:
12159:
12139:
12127:
12111:
12099:
12083:
12071:
12051:
12039:
12019:
12007:
11987:
11975:
11963:
11951:
11939:
11927:
11911:
11895:
11879:
11867:
11851:
11835:
11819:
11799:
11783:
11767:
11755:
11735:
11707:
11683:
11679:Thekla (#7261)
11659:
11647:
11619:
11615:Thekla (#7259)
11595:
11591:Thekla (#7259)
11571:
11547:
11523:
11499:
11483:
11464:
11440:
11416:
11404:
11400:Eirene (#1439)
11380:
11364:
11340:
11316:
11292:
11288:Eirene (#1437)
11268:
11244:
11220:
11218:, p. 230.
11197:
11173:
11149:
11145:Phusta (#6119)
11125:
11109:
11097:
11081:
11069:
11057:
11045:
11033:
11021:
11009:
10997:
10985:
10973:
10961:
10949:
10937:
10925:
10913:
10901:
10889:
10877:
10865:
10853:
10841:
10839:, p. 818.
10829:
10817:
10799:
10787:
10775:
10763:
10751:
10739:
10737:, p. 246.
10727:
10715:
10700:
10688:
10676:
10664:
10652:
10650:, p. 317.
10640:
10628:
10626:, p. 314.
10616:
10604:
10592:
10580:
10565:
10550:
10538:
10526:
10524:, p. 302.
10511:
10499:
10487:
10485:, p. 292.
10475:
10463:
10451:
10436:
10434:, p. 277.
10424:
10412:
10410:, p. 275.
10400:
10385:
10373:
10371:, p. 260.
10361:
10349:
10334:
10322:
10310:
10308:, p. 227.
10298:
10286:
10284:, p. 212.
10274:
10272:, p. 204.
10262:
10260:, p. 197.
10250:
10248:, p. 192.
10238:
10236:, p. 189.
10226:
10210:
10208:, p. 316.
10198:
10196:, p. 173.
10186:
10174:
10150:
10148:, p. 161.
10138:
10126:
10124:, p. 148.
10114:
10112:, p. 174.
10102:
10100:, p. 145.
10090:
10088:, p. 144.
10078:
10076:, p. 138.
10066:
10064:, p. 137.
10054:
10052:, p. 130.
10042:
10030:
10018:
10016:, p. 120.
10006:
10004:, p. 112.
9994:
9992:, p. 100.
9982:
9970:
9958:
9946:
9934:
9909:
9882:
9870:
9858:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9838:
9835:
9832:
9831:
9819:
9806:
9794:
9785:
9772:
9768:Andronikos III
9760:
9748:
9735:
9723:
9714:
9702:
9690:
9678:
9666:
9657:
9645:
9633:
9621:
9606:
9593:
9580:
9568:
9556:
9541:
9529:
9513:
9500:
9494:Empress after
9487:
9475:
9459:
9434:
9422:
9410:
9399:Antoninus Pius
9379:
9369:
9359:
9337:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9330:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9297:
9294:
9291:
9290:
9288:
9277:
9270:
9261:
9253:
9252:
9250:
9243:
9236:
9227:
9223:
9222:
9220:
9204:
9191:
9184:
9178:Anna of Moscow
9175:
9167:
9166:
9163:
9147:
9140:
9133:
9124:
9120:
9119:
9116:
9100:
9093:John VIII
9085:
9078:
9069:
9061:
9060:
9058:
9042:
9025:
9012:
9003:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8976:
8965:
8958:
8949:
8945:
8944:
8941:
8925:
8900:
8887:
8878:
8874:
8873:
8870:
8854:
8843:
8836:
8827:
8823:
8822:
8819:
8790:
8783:
8774:
8766:
8765:
8763:
8747:
8734:
8727:
8718:
8714:
8713:
8711:
8695:
8688:
8681:
8672:
8664:
8663:
8660:
8639:
8632:
8623:
8615:
8614:
8612:
8596:
8576:
8569:
8560:
8556:
8555:
8552:
8536:
8533:its reconquest
8518:
8511:
8502:
8494:
8493:
8490:
8487:
8484:
8481:
8478:
8445:The honorific
8442:
8439:
8436:
8435:
8432:
8416:
8405:
8398:
8389:
8385:
8384:
8382:
8371:
8361:
8352:
8348:
8347:
8344:
8328:
8319:. She married
8309:
8302:
8293:
8285:
8284:
8282:
8264:
8257:
8248:
8244:
8243:
8241:
8234:
8227:
8218:
8214:
8213:
8211:
8195:
8184:
8173:
8164:
8160:
8159:
8156:
8153:
8150:
8147:
8144:
8126:
8125:
8112:Latin emperors
8108:Fourth Crusade
8097:
8094:
8091:
8090:
8087:
8071:
8051:
8044:
8035:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8008:
7994:following the
7984:
7971:
7962:
7958:
7957:
7954:
7951:
7948:
7945:
7942:
7935:
7932:
7929:
7928:
7911:
7910:
7908:
7892:
7859:
7852:
7839:
7831:
7830:
7827:
7802:
7795:
7786:
7778:
7777:
7774:
7758:
7747:
7740:
7727:
7723:
7722:
7719:
7703:
7696:
7689:
7680:
7672:
7671:
7668:
7652:
7620:
7613:
7607:Irene Doukaina
7604:
7596:
7595:
7592:
7589:
7586:
7583:
7580:
7573:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7549:
7548:
7545:
7529:
7513:
7506:
7497:
7489:
7488:
7471:
7470:
7461:
7460:
7457:
7441:
7438:Nikephoros III
7410:
7403:
7391:
7383:
7382:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7370:
7367:
7360:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7335:
7324:
7317:
7308:
7304:
7303:
7300:
7299:
7291:
7290:
7282:
7281:
7278:
7271:
7246:
7239:
7233:Porphyrogenita
7227:
7219:
7218:
7201:
7200:
7192:
7191:
7175:
7174:
7171:
7156:
7153:Constantine IX
7131:
7124:
7118:Porphyrogenita
7112:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7085:
7076:
7066:
7057:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7034:
7023:
7016:
7007:
7003:
7002:
6985:
6984:
6981:
6965:
6962:John Tzimiskes
6958:Leo the Deacon
6937:
6930:
6921:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6894:
6882:
6875:
6869:Bertha Eudokia
6866:
6858:
6857:
6855:
6839:
6832:
6825:
6816:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6793:
6772:
6765:
6763:Ἑλένη Λεκαπηνή
6756:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6729:
6728:Nothing known
6726:
6725:912 – 913 (?)
6720:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6685:
6678:
6669:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6648:
6646:Εὐδοκία Βαϊανή
6642:Eudokia Baïana
6639:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6622:
6620:Ζωὴ Ζαούτζαινα
6616:Zoe Zaoutzaina
6613:
6609:
6608:
6605:
6589:
6573:
6566:
6557:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6530:
6505:
6498:
6489:
6481:
6480:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6465:
6458:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6433:
6418:
6411:
6402:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6384:
6363:
6356:
6344:
6336:
6335:
6326:
6325:
6322:
6306:
6270:
6263:
6251:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6229:Constantine VI
6225:
6215:
6206:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6183:
6176:
6165:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6145:
6142:
6139:
6136:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6104:
6091:
6084:
6075:
6067:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6044:
6033:
6026:
6017:
6013:
6012:
6010:
5994:
5982:A relative of
5980:
5973:
5964:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5930:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5877:
5870:
5861:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5841:Constantine VI
5838:
5827:
5820:
5814:Maria of Amnia
5811:
5807:
5806:
5798:
5797:
5787:
5786:
5783:
5766:
5734:
5727:
5715:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5688:
5676:
5669:
5660:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:(c. 22 years?)
5640:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5611:
5602:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5578:
5562:
5555:
5546:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5523:
5520:
5513:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5455:Theodosius III
5452:
5451:Nothing known
5449:
5439:
5434:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5411:
5408:
5398:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5366:
5365:Nothing known
5363:
5353:
5348:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5325:
5306:
5296:
5287:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5264:
5263:Nothing known
5261:
5251:
5246:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5223:
5222:Nothing known
5220:
5210:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5153:
5145:
5131:
5122:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5102:Constantine IV
5099:
5087:
5080:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5048:
5041:
5034:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5002:
4986:
4979:
4970:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4936:
4926:
4917:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4890:
4883:
4876:
4867:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4811:
4808:
4801:
4796:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4765:
4754:
4747:
4742:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4696:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4668:
4657:
4650:
4645:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4617:
4601:
4594:
4589:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4562:
4559:Secret History
4551:
4544:
4539:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4483:
4480:
4473:
4468:
4460:
4459:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4422:
4403:
4396:
4391:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4363:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4297:
4294:
4290:courtesy title
4275:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4250:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4207:
4192:
4185:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4158:
4142:
4135:
4130:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4072:
4055:and regent of
4033:
4026:
4021:
4013:
4012:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3976:
3951:
3944:
3939:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3911:
3880:
3873:
3871:Galla Placidia
3868:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3840:
3822:
3815:
3810:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:(a few months)
3789:
3778:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3751:
3744:
3734:
3729:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3701:
3680:
3673:
3668:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3644:Magnus Maximus
3641:
3630:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3599:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3537:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3468:(a few months)
3463:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3435:
3428:Constantius II
3417:
3407:
3402:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3374:
3367:Constantinople
3357:
3350:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3323:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3286:
3283:
3276:
3271:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3215:
3203:
3196:
3191:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3160:
3149:
3135:
3130:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3102:
3099:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3077:Constantinople
3069:
3067:(a few months)
3062:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3030:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3005:Constantius II
3002:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2965:Constantine II
2962:
2959:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2897:
2890:
2879:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2852:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2717:
2714:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2679:
2668:
2661:
2656:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2629:
2618:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2578:
2572:Maximinus Daza
2546:
2539:
2534:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2488:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2460:
2449:Maximinus Daza
2445:
2438:
2433:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2329:
2326:
2319:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2285:
2270:
2263:
2261:Ulpia Severina
2258:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2231:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2189:
2186:
2179:
2174:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2095:
2080:
2073:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2041:
2034:
2023:
2012:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1985:
1982:
1975:
1969:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1813:
1811:(a few months)
1806:
1798:Annia Faustina
1795:
1787:
1786:
1776:
1760:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1728:
1725:
1715:
1710:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1679:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1631:
1618:
1613:22 January 205
1607:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1575:
1529:
1522:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1452:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1385:Flavia Titiana
1382:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1317:
1296:
1289:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1257:
1232:
1225:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1187:
1168:Antoninus Pius
1155:
1148:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1113:Antoninus Pius
1110:
1087:
1080:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1042:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1001:
1000:
998:
982:
950:
943:
938:
930:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
898:
895:
892:
891:
889:
873:
850:
843:
838:
830:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
807:
804:
801:
800:
798:
782:
775:
768:
763:
755:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
732:
729:
726:
725:
699:
692:
687:
679:
678:
669:shortly after
640:
633:
631:Poppaea Sabina
628:
620:
619:
617:
601:
588:
581:
576:
568:
567:
565:
546:
539:
528:
520:
519:
517:
501:
484:
477:
472:
464:
463:
461:Julia Drusilla
457:
450:
445:
437:
436:
429:Marcus Lollius
425:
423:(a few months)
414:
412:Lollia Paulina
409:
401:
400:
396:
380:
369:
367:(very briefly)
358:
352:
344:
343:
341:
339:27 BC – AD 14)
325:
292:
285:
283:Livia Drusilla
280:
272:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
249:
246:
244:
241:
57:Roman emperors
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
16448:
16437:
16434:
16432:
16429:
16427:
16424:
16422:
16419:
16417:
16414:
16413:
16411:
16397:
16393:
16389:
16384:
16378:
16375:
16373:
16370:
16366:
16363:
16362:
16361:
16360:Roman emperor
16358:
16357:
16355:
16351:
16345:
16342:
16340:
16337:
16334:
16333:
16328:
16327:Helena Dragaš
16325:
16323:
16320:
16318:
16315:
16312:
16311:
16306:
16305:Irene Asanina
16303:
16301:
16298:
16296:
16295:Anna of Savoy
16293:
16291:
16288:
16286:
16283:
16281:
16278:
16275:
16274:
16269:
16266:
16264:
16261:
16259:
16256:
16254:
16251:
16249:
16246:
16244:
16241:
16239:
16236:
16234:
16231:
16229:
16226:
16224:
16221:
16219:
16216:
16214:
16211:
16209:
16206:
16203:
16202:
16197:
16194:
16192:
16189:
16187:
16184:
16182:
16179:
16177:
16174:
16172:
16171:
16167:
16165:
16164:
16160:
16158:
16155:
16153:
16150:
16148:
16145:
16143:
16140:
16138:
16135:
16133:
16130:
16128:
16125:
16123:
16120:
16118:
16115:
16113:
16110:
16108:
16105:
16103:
16102:
16098:
16096:
16093:
16091:
16088:
16086:
16083:
16081:
16078:
16076:
16073:
16071:
16068:
16066:
16063:
16061:
16059:
16055:
16053:
16052:
16048:
16046:
16043:
16041:
16038:
16036:
16033:
16031:
16028:
16026:
16023:
16021:
16018:
16016:
16013:
16011:
16008:
16006:
16003:
16001:
15998:
15996:
15995:Fabia Eudokia
15993:
15992:
15990:
15986:
15980:
15970:
15967:
15965:
15962:
15960:
15959:Ino Anastasia
15957:
15955:
15952:
15950:
15947:
15945:
15942:
15940:
15937:
15935:
15932:
15930:
15927:
15925:
15922:
15920:
15919:Aelia Eudocia
15917:
15915:
15914:Aelia Eudoxia
15912:
15911:
15909:
15905:
15901:
15895:
15892:
15890:
15889:
15885:
15883:
15880:
15878:
15875:
15873:
15870:
15868:
15865:
15863:
15860:
15859:
15857:
15853:
15849:
15843:
15840:
15838:
15835:
15833:
15830:
15828:
15825:
15823:
15820:
15818:
15815:
15813:
15812:Marina Severa
15810:
15808:
15805:
15803:
15800:
15798:
15795:
15793:
15790:
15788:
15785:
15783:
15782:
15778:
15776:
15773:
15770:
15767:
15765:
15762:
15760:
15757:
15755:
15752:
15750:
15747:
15746:
15744:
15740:
15736:
15730:
15729:Magnia Urbica
15727:
15725:
15722:
15720:
15717:
15715:
15712:
15710:
15707:
15705:
15702:
15700:
15697:
15694:
15691:
15690:
15688:
15684:
15680:
15674:
15671:
15669:
15666:
15664:
15661:
15659:
15656:
15653:
15652:
15647:
15644:
15642:
15639:
15637:
15634:
15632:
15629:
15627:
15624:
15622:
15619:
15617:
15614:
15612:
15609:
15607:
15604:
15602:
15599:
15597:
15594:
15592:
15589:
15587:
15584:
15582:
15579:
15577:
15574:
15572:
15569:
15567:
15564:
15562:
15559:
15557:
15554:
15552:
15549:
15548:
15546:
15542:
15538:
15533:
15526:
15521:
15519:
15514:
15512:
15507:
15506:
15503:
15488:
15484:
15480:
15478:
15475:
15473:
15470:
15469:
15467:
15466:
15463:
15453:
15450:
15448:
15445:
15443:
15440:
15438:
15435:
15433:
15430:
15428:
15425:
15423:
15420:
15418:
15415:
15413:
15410:
15409:
15406:
15399:
15395:
15379:
15376:
15375:
15374:
15371:
15369:
15366:
15362:
15359:
15358:
15357:
15354:
15352:
15349:
15347:
15344:
15342:
15339:
15337:
15336:Encyclopedias
15334:
15333:
15331:
15325:
15323:
15320:
15319:
15316:
15310:
15307:
15305:
15302:
15300:
15297:
15295:
15292:
15288:
15285:
15284:
15283:
15280:
15276:
15273:
15271:
15268:
15267:
15266:
15263:
15261:
15260:Hellenization
15258:
15256:
15253:
15251:
15248:
15246:
15243:
15241:
15238:
15236:
15233:
15231:
15228:
15226:
15223:
15222:
15220:
15218:Everyday life
15216:
15210:
15207:
15205:
15204:
15200:
15196:
15193:
15192:
15191:
15190:Acritic songs
15188:
15186:
15183:
15182:
15180:
15178:
15174:
15168:
15165:
15161:
15158:
15156:
15153:
15151:
15148:
15147:
15146:
15143:
15141:
15138:
15136:
15133:
15131:
15128:
15127:
15125:
15123:
15119:
15113:
15110:
15108:
15105:
15103:
15100:
15096:
15093:
15092:
15091:
15088:
15086:
15083:
15081:
15078:
15076:
15073:
15072:
15070:
15068:
15064:
15054:
15051:
15049:
15046:
15044:
15041:
15039:
15036:
15034:
15033:Hosios Loukas
15031:
15029:
15026:
15025:
15023:
15019:
15013:
15010:
15008:
15005:
15003:
15000:
14999:
14997:
14995:
14991:
14985:
14982:
14980:
14977:
14975:
14972:
14970:
14967:
14965:
14962:
14960:
14957:
14956:
14954:
14952:
14948:
14942:
14939:
14937:
14934:
14932:
14929:
14927:
14924:
14922:
14919:
14917:
14914:
14912:
14909:
14907:
14904:
14902:
14899:
14897:
14894:
14892:
14889:
14888:
14886:
14884:
14880:
14872:
14869:
14867:
14864:
14863:
14862:
14859:
14857:
14854:
14853:
14850:
14847:
14845:
14841:
14837:
14830:
14826:
14812:
14809:
14807:
14804:
14802:
14799:
14797:
14794:
14790:
14787:
14786:
14785:
14782:
14780:
14777:
14776:
14774:
14772:
14768:
14762:
14759:
14755:
14752:
14750:
14747:
14745:
14742:
14740:
14737:
14736:
14734:
14732:
14729:
14727:
14724:
14722:
14719:
14717:
14714:
14712:
14709:
14707:
14706:Monophysitism
14704:
14702:
14699:
14697:
14694:
14690:
14687:
14685:
14682:
14680:
14679:Armenian Rite
14677:
14675:
14672:
14671:
14670:
14667:
14663:
14660:
14658:
14655:
14653:
14650:
14648:
14645:
14643:
14640:
14639:
14638:
14635:
14634:
14632:
14630:
14626:
14622:
14615:
14611:
14597:
14596:Naval battles
14594:
14592:
14589:
14587:
14584:
14582:
14579:
14577:
14574:
14572:
14569:
14565:
14562:
14560:
14557:
14555:
14552:
14551:
14550:
14547:
14545:
14542:
14541:
14539:
14537:
14533:
14523:
14520:
14516:
14513:
14511:
14508:
14507:
14506:
14503:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14491:
14490:
14489:
14486:
14485:
14483:
14479:
14473:
14470:
14468:
14465:
14463:
14460:
14458:
14455:
14453:
14450:
14448:
14445:
14443:
14440:
14438:
14435:
14433:
14430:
14428:
14425:
14424:
14422:
14418:
14410:
14407:
14405:
14402:
14400:
14397:
14395:
14392:
14391:
14390:
14387:
14385:
14382:
14381:
14379:
14375:
14369:
14366:
14364:
14361:
14359:
14356:
14354:
14351:
14349:
14346:
14344:
14341:
14339:
14336:
14334:
14331:
14330:
14327:
14324:
14322:
14318:
14314:
14307:
14303:
14289:
14286:
14284:
14281:
14279:
14276:
14274:
14271:
14270:
14268:
14266:
14262:
14252:
14249:
14247:
14244:
14243:
14241:
14237:
14231:
14228:
14226:
14223:
14221:
14218:
14216:
14213:
14212:
14210:
14206:
14200:
14197:
14195:
14192:
14190:
14187:
14185:
14182:
14180:
14177:
14175:
14172:
14171:
14169:
14165:
14162:
14160:
14156:
14146:
14143:
14141:
14138:
14137:
14135:
14131:
14125:
14122:
14120:
14119:Protasekretis
14117:
14115:
14112:
14110:
14107:
14105:
14102:
14100:
14097:
14095:
14092:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14082:
14081:
14079:
14075:
14069:
14066:
14064:
14061:
14059:
14056:
14054:
14051:
14049:
14046:
14045:
14043:
14039:
14033:
14030:
14026:
14023:
14022:
14021:
14018:
14014:
14011:
14009:
14006:
14004:
14001:
14000:
13999:
13996:
13995:
13992:
13989:
13985:
13981:
13974:
13970:
13956:
13953:
13951:
13948:
13945:
13941:
13939:
13936:
13934:
13931:
13929:
13926:
13924:
13921:
13917:
13914:
13912:
13909:
13908:
13907:
13904:
13902:
13899:
13897:
13894:
13892:
13889:
13887:
13884:
13882:
13879:
13877:
13874:
13872:
13869:
13867:
13864:
13862:
13859:
13857:
13854:
13853:
13851:
13843:
13837:
13834:
13832:
13829:
13827:
13824:
13821:
13817:
13813:
13809:
13805:
13801:
13797:
13793:
13790:
13789:
13788:
13785:
13781:
13778:
13777:
13776:
13773:
13772:
13770:
13764:
13759:
13753:
13750:
13748:
13747:Komnenian era
13745:
13743:
13740:
13738:
13735:
13733:
13730:
13728:
13725:
13723:
13720:
13719:
13717:
13711:
13706:
13700:
13697:
13692:
13688:
13687:
13686:
13685:Heraclian era
13683:
13681:
13680:Justinian era
13678:
13676:
13673:
13671:
13668:
13664:
13661:
13659:
13656:
13655:
13654:
13651:
13650:
13648:
13642:
13637:
13629:
13628:
13624:
13623:
13622:
13619:
13618:
13616:
13613:
13608:
13604:
13600:
13595:
13591:
13586:
13579:
13574:
13572:
13567:
13565:
13560:
13559:
13556:
13549:
13538:
13535:
13524:
13513:
13508:
13507:
13502:
13495:
13491:
13487:
13483:
13479:
13475:
13473:0-415-07248-4
13469:
13465:
13461:
13454:
13453:
13447:
13443:
13437:
13433:
13432:
13426:
13422:
13416:
13412:
13411:
13405:
13401:
13399:9781441174413
13395:
13391:
13387:
13382:
13378:
13374:
13370:
13366:
13362:
13358:
13354:
13350:
13346:
13342:
13338:
13334:
13330:
13326:
13322:
13318:
13313:
13309:
13305:
13301:
13297:
13296:
13291:
13287:
13280:
13279:
13273:
13269:
13263:
13259:
13258:
13252:
13249:
13245:
13240:
13235:
13231:
13227:
13223:
13218:
13214:
13208:
13204:
13203:
13197:
13193:
13189:
13185:
13180:
13176:
13172:
13168:
13163:
13159:
13155:
13152:(181): 5–42.
13151:
13148:(in French).
13147:
13143:
13138:
13134:
13132:9780884021933
13128:
13125:. p. 7.
13124:
13120:
13119:
13113:
13109:
13103:
13099:
13098:
13093:
13088:
13084:
13078:
13074:
13073:
13068:
13064:
13060:
13056:
13052:
13048:
13044:
13039:
13035:
13034:
13029:
13024:
13020:
13014:
13010:
13009:
13003:
12999:
12993:
12989:
12988:
12982:
12978:
12972:
12968:
12967:
12961:
12957:
12951:
12947:
12944:. Cambridge:
12943:
12942:
12936:
12935:
12920:
12916:
12912:
12908:
12900:
12896:
12895:
12889:
12885:
12879:
12875:
12871:
12870:
12864:
12860:
12854:
12850:
12849:
12844:
12840:
12836:
12830:
12826:
12825:
12820:
12816:
12812:
12811:
12806:
12802:
12798:
12794:
12790:
12786:
12783:(in German).
12782:
12781:
12776:
12772:
12768:
12762:
12758:
12754:
12753:
12748:
12743:
12739:
12733:
12729:
12728:
12723:
12719:
12715:
12709:
12705:
12701:
12700:
12694:
12690:
12686:
12682:
12678:
12674:
12670:
12669:
12664:
12660:
12656:
12652:
12650:0-415-14688-7
12646:
12643:. Routledge.
12642:
12641:
12636:
12632:
12631:
12619:
12615:
12610:
12603:
12599:
12594:
12587:
12582:
12575:
12570:
12563:
12559:
12554:
12547:
12543:
12538:
12531:
12526:
12519:
12515:
12510:
12503:
12498:
12491:
12487:
12482:
12475:
12470:
12463:
12459:
12454:
12452:
12450:
12442:
12438:
12433:
12426:
12421:
12414:
12410:
12405:
12398:
12394:
12389:
12387:
12385:
12377:
12372:
12365:
12361:
12357:
12352:
12345:
12340:
12333:
12329:
12324:
12317:
12313:
12308:
12301:
12300:Macrides 2007
12296:
12289:
12288:Macrides 2007
12284:
12277:
12272:
12265:
12261:
12256:
12250:, p. 32.
12249:
12244:
12238:, p. xv.
12237:
12232:
12225:
12219:
12212:
12207:
12200:
12195:
12188:
12184:
12180:
12175:
12168:
12163:
12156:
12152:
12148:
12143:
12136:
12131:
12124:
12120:
12115:
12108:
12103:
12096:
12092:
12087:
12080:
12075:
12068:
12064:
12060:
12055:
12048:
12043:
12036:
12032:
12028:
12023:
12016:
12011:
12004:
12000:
11996:
11991:
11984:
11979:
11972:
11967:
11960:
11955:
11948:
11943:
11936:
11931:
11924:
11920:
11915:
11908:
11904:
11899:
11892:
11888:
11883:
11876:
11871:
11864:
11860:
11855:
11848:
11844:
11839:
11832:
11828:
11823:
11816:
11812:
11808:
11803:
11796:
11792:
11787:
11780:
11776:
11771:
11764:
11759:
11752:
11748:
11744:
11739:
11732:
11728:
11724:
11720:
11716:
11711:
11704:
11700:
11696:
11692:
11687:
11680:
11676:
11672:
11668:
11663:
11656:
11651:
11644:
11640:
11636:
11632:
11628:
11623:
11616:
11612:
11608:
11604:
11599:
11592:
11588:
11584:
11580:
11575:
11568:
11564:
11560:
11556:
11551:
11544:
11540:
11536:
11532:
11527:
11520:
11516:
11512:
11508:
11503:
11496:
11492:
11487:
11481:, p. 83.
11480:
11476:
11471:
11469:
11461:
11457:
11453:
11449:
11444:
11437:
11436:Maria (#4727)
11433:
11429:
11425:
11420:
11413:
11408:
11401:
11397:
11393:
11389:
11384:
11377:
11373:
11368:
11361:
11357:
11353:
11349:
11344:
11337:
11333:
11329:
11325:
11320:
11313:
11312:Maria (#4725)
11309:
11305:
11301:
11296:
11289:
11285:
11281:
11277:
11272:
11265:
11264:Maria (#4723)
11261:
11257:
11253:
11248:
11241:
11240:Grierson 1962
11237:
11233:
11229:
11224:
11217:
11212:
11210:
11208:
11206:
11204:
11202:
11194:
11190:
11186:
11182:
11177:
11170:
11166:
11162:
11158:
11153:
11146:
11142:
11138:
11134:
11129:
11122:
11118:
11113:
11106:
11101:
11094:
11090:
11085:
11078:
11073:
11066:
11061:
11054:
11049:
11042:
11037:
11030:
11025:
11018:
11013:
11006:
11001:
10994:
10989:
10982:
10977:
10970:
10965:
10958:
10953:
10946:
10941:
10934:
10929:
10922:
10917:
10910:
10905:
10898:
10893:
10886:
10881:
10874:
10869:
10862:
10857:
10850:
10845:
10838:
10833:
10826:
10821:
10813:
10809:
10803:
10796:
10791:
10784:
10779:
10772:
10767:
10760:
10755:
10748:
10743:
10736:
10731:
10724:
10719:
10712:
10707:
10705:
10697:
10692:
10685:
10680:
10673:
10668:
10661:
10656:
10649:
10644:
10637:
10632:
10625:
10620:
10613:
10608:
10601:
10596:
10589:
10584:
10577:
10572:
10570:
10562:
10557:
10555:
10547:
10542:
10535:
10530:
10523:
10518:
10516:
10508:
10503:
10496:
10491:
10484:
10479:
10472:
10467:
10460:
10455:
10448:
10443:
10441:
10433:
10428:
10421:
10416:
10409:
10404:
10397:
10392:
10390:
10382:
10377:
10370:
10365:
10358:
10353:
10346:
10341:
10339:
10331:
10326:
10319:
10314:
10307:
10302:
10295:
10290:
10283:
10278:
10271:
10266:
10259:
10254:
10247:
10242:
10235:
10230:
10223:
10219:
10214:
10207:
10202:
10195:
10190:
10183:
10178:
10170:
10166:
10165:
10160:
10154:
10147:
10142:
10135:
10130:
10123:
10118:
10111:
10106:
10099:
10094:
10087:
10082:
10075:
10070:
10063:
10058:
10051:
10046:
10039:
10034:
10027:
10022:
10015:
10010:
10003:
9998:
9991:
9986:
9979:
9974:
9967:
9962:
9955:
9950:
9944:, p. 79.
9943:
9938:
9930:
9926:
9922:
9916:
9914:
9905:
9904:
9899:
9895:
9889:
9887:
9879:
9874:
9868:, p. 60.
9867:
9862:
9855:
9850:
9846:
9828:
9823:
9815:
9810:
9803:
9802:Andronikos IV
9798:
9789:
9782:
9776:
9769:
9764:
9757:
9756:Andronikos II
9752:
9745:
9739:
9732:
9727:
9718:
9711:
9706:
9699:
9694:
9687:
9682:
9675:
9670:
9661:
9654:
9649:
9642:
9637:
9630:
9625:
9618:
9613:
9611:
9603:
9597:
9590:
9587:She acted as
9584:
9577:
9572:
9565:
9564:Constantine V
9560:
9553:
9552:
9545:
9538:
9533:
9526:
9522:
9517:
9510:
9504:
9497:
9491:
9484:
9479:
9472:
9468:
9463:
9456:
9452:
9448:
9444:
9438:
9431:
9426:
9419:
9414:
9408:
9406:
9401:
9400:
9397:Titus Aelius
9394:
9393:
9386:
9384:
9373:
9363:
9356:
9352:
9348:
9342:
9338:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9299:
9289:
9286:
9282:
9278:
9271:
9265:
9262:
9259:
9255:
9254:
9251:
9248:
9244:
9237:
9231:
9228:
9225:
9224:
9221:
9208:
9202:
9192:
9185:
9179:
9176:
9173:
9169:
9168:
9164:
9151:
9148:
9145:
9141:
9134:
9128:
9125:
9122:
9121:
9117:
9104:
9101:
9098:
9094:
9090:
9086:
9079:
9073:
9072:Helena Dragaš
9070:
9067:
9063:
9062:
9059:
9046:
9043:
9040:
9026:
9013:
9007:
9004:
9001:
8997:
8996:
8993:
8980:
8977:
8974:
8970:
8966:
8959:
8953:
8950:
8947:
8946:
8942:
8929:
8926:
8923:
8919:
8918:Andronikos IV
8915:
8911:
8901:
8888:
8882:
8879:
8876:
8875:
8871:
8858:
8855:
8852:
8848:
8844:
8837:
8831:
8830:Irene Asanina
8828:
8825:
8824:
8820:
8817:
8813:
8809:
8805:
8801:
8791:
8784:
8778:
8777:Anna of Savoy
8775:
8772:
8768:
8767:
8764:
8751:
8745:
8735:
8728:
8722:
8719:
8716:
8715:
8712:
8699:
8696:
8693:
8689:
8682:
8676:
8673:
8670:
8666:
8665:
8661:
8658:
8654:
8650:
8640:
8637:(28–33 years)
8633:
8627:
8624:
8621:
8617:
8616:
8613:
8600:
8594:
8590:
8577:
8570:
8564:
8561:
8558:
8557:
8553:
8540:
8537:
8534:
8530:
8527:
8524:, brother of
8523:
8519:
8512:
8506:
8503:
8500:
8496:
8495:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8469:Helena Dragaš
8466:
8465:Anna of Savoy
8462:
8458:
8457:Yolande-Irene
8454:
8450:
8449:
8433:
8420:
8417:
8410:
8406:
8399:
8393:
8390:
8387:
8386:
8383:
8380:
8376:
8372:
8362:
8356:
8353:
8350:
8349:
8345:
8332:
8326:
8322:
8318:
8314:
8310:
8303:
8297:
8294:
8291:
8287:
8286:
8283:
8280:
8279:Latin empress
8276:
8272:
8269:
8268:Latin emperor
8265:
8258:
8252:
8249:
8246:
8245:
8242:
8239:
8235:
8228:
8222:
8219:
8216:
8215:
8212:
8199:
8193:
8189:
8185:
8174:
8168:
8165:
8162:
8161:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8135:
8130:
8123:
8121:
8117:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8100:
8099:
8088:
8075:
8072:
8069:
8065:
8062:
8061:
8056:
8052:
8045:
8039:
8036:
8033:
8029:
8028:
8025:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8006:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7985:
7972:
7966:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7939:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7896:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7884:
7880:
7876:
7872:
7868:
7864:
7849:
7843:
7837:
7832:
7828:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7813:
7803:
7796:
7790:
7787:
7784:
7780:
7779:
7775:
7762:
7756:
7752:
7748:
7745:(13–14 years)
7741:
7737:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7724:
7720:
7707:
7704:
7701:
7697:
7690:
7684:
7681:
7678:
7674:
7673:
7669:
7656:
7653:
7650:
7646:
7636:
7621:
7614:
7608:
7605:
7602:
7598:
7597:
7577:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7533:
7530:
7527:
7511:(10–15 years)
7501:
7495:
7490:
7476:
7473:
7472:
7468:
7463:
7462:
7445:
7442:
7439:
7435:
7434:Romanos' fall
7431:
7427:
7415:
7398:
7396:
7389:
7384:
7364:
7352:
7339:
7336:
7333:
7332:monastic name
7329:
7325:
7318:
7312:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7283:
7276:
7272:
7269:
7265:
7261:
7257:
7234:
7232:
7225:
7220:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7198:
7194:
7193:
7180:
7177:
7176:
7160:
7157:
7154:
7150:
7146:
7142:
7133:c. 978 – 1050
7119:
7117:
7110:
7105:
7102:
7089:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7077:
7067:
7061:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7051:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7017:
7011:
7008:
7005:
7004:
6990:
6987:
6986:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6959:
6955:
6951:
6935:(13–14 years)
6925:
6919:
6914:
6911:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6886:Hugh of Italy
6883:
6876:
6870:
6867:
6864:
6860:
6859:
6856:
6843:
6840:
6833:
6826:
6820:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6810:
6797:
6794:
6791:
6787:
6783:
6773:
6766:
6760:
6757:
6754:
6750:
6749:
6746:
6733:
6730:
6727:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6709:
6706:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6667:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6656:
6649:
6643:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6633:
6630:
6623:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6606:
6593:
6587:
6574:
6567:
6561:
6558:
6555:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6528:
6523:
6519:
6506:
6499:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6483:
6482:
6462:
6450:
6437:
6434:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6412:
6406:
6403:
6400:
6396:
6395:
6392:
6389:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6377:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6357:
6351:
6349:
6345:
6342:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6328:
6327:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6258:
6256:
6249:
6244:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6216:
6210:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6200:
6187:
6181:
6177:
6166:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6133:
6121:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6096:
6092:
6085:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6038:
6034:
6027:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6011:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5974:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5945:
5942:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5928:
5924:
5923:
5903:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5886:koubikoularia
5882:
5878:
5871:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5855:
5842:
5832:
5828:
5821:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5747:Sarantapechos
5722:
5720:
5713:
5708:
5705:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5677:
5670:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5641:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5612:
5606:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5596:
5582:
5581:Constantine V
5576:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5563:
5556:
5550:
5549:Tzitzak Irene
5547:
5544:
5543:
5540:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5481:
5469:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5444:715 – 717 (?)
5440:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5428:
5415:
5414:Anastasius II
5412:
5409:
5399:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5383:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5358:711 – 713 (?)
5354:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5297:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5256:698 – 705 (?)
5252:
5250:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5240:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5215:695 – 698 (?)
5211:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5182:
5170:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5132:
5126:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5088:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5052:
5049:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5006:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4894:
4888:
4884:
4877:
4871:
4870:Fabia Eudokia
4868:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4840:
4828:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4621:
4618:
4602:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4556:
4553:According to
4552:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4512:
4500:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4395:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4301:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4267:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4211:
4208:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4147:
4143:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4103:
4089:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4057:Theodosius II
4054:
4053:
4049:, proclaimed
4048:
4044:
4034:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3965:Theodosius II
3943:
3937:
3932:
3928:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3881:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3844:
3843:Theodosius II
3841:
3838:
3837:
3823:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3790:
3787:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3755:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3603:Valentinian I
3600:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3567:
3557:
3550:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3290:
3289:Valentinian I
3284:
3277:
3275:
3274:Marina Severa
3272:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3244:
3232:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3153:Constantine I
3150:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3006:
3000:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2856:
2855:Constantine I
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2826:306 – 307 (?)
2825:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2792:
2780:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2760:Constantine I
2757:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2709:310 – 313 (?)
2708:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2683:
2680:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2633:
2632:Constantius I
2630:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2406:
2389:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2320:
2318:
2317:Magnia Urbica
2315:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2092:Otacilia gens
2089:
2085:
2081:
2075:244 – 249 (?)
2074:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1875:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1780:Vestal Virgin
1777:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1732:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1671:217 – 218 (?)
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1547:Elagabal cult
1544:
1530:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1469:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1334:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1227:163 (?) – 169
1226:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1019:(c. 20 years)
1015:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
986:
983:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
951:
944:
942:
939:
936:
932:
931:
911:
908:
906:
905:
890:
877:
874:
871:
870:
865:
861:
851:
844:
842:
839:
836:
832:
831:
811:
799:
786:
783:
780:
776:
769:
767:
764:
761:
757:
756:
736:
723:
722:
717:
713:
700:
693:
691:
688:
685:
681:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:
663:in 58. Named
662:
655:
651:
641:
635:AD 62 – AD 65
634:
632:
629:
626:
622:
621:
605:
599:
589:
582:
580:
577:
574:
570:
569:
566:
563:
562:
557:
547:
540:
537:
532:
529:
526:
522:
521:
518:
505:
499:
498:
493:
489:
485:
478:
476:
473:
470:
466:
465:
462:
458:
451:
449:
446:
443:
439:
438:
434:
430:
426:
415:
413:
410:
407:
403:
402:
384:
378:
374:
370:
359:
357:
353:
350:
346:
345:
342:
329:
326:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
293:
286:
284:
281:
278:
274:
273:
253:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
204:
202:
201:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
158:
155:
151:
150:māter patriae
147:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
46:
35:
31:
27:
19:
16395:
16391:
16387:
16330:
16308:
16271:
16199:
16168:
16161:
16099:
16057:
16049:
15886:
15779:
15699:Tranquillina
15649:
15611:Vibia Sabina
15531:
15201:
14969:Hagia Sophia
14951:Thessalonica
14926:Hagia Sophia
14906:Chora Church
14844:Architecture
14721:Great Schism
14711:Paulicianism
14689:Miaphysitism
14544:Karabisianoi
14012:
13848:or territory
13808:Thessalonica
13792:Latin Empire
13787:Frankokratia
13762:
13722:Isaurian era
13709:
13640:
13625:
13621:Roman Empire
13611:
13504:
13494:the original
13451:
13430:
13409:
13385:
13360:
13356:
13324:
13320:
13294:
13277:
13256:
13229:
13225:
13201:
13191:
13187:
13174:
13170:
13149:
13145:
13117:
13096:
13071:
13053:(1): 26–33.
13050:
13046:
13031:
13007:
12986:
12965:
12940:
12919:the original
12898:
12893:
12868:
12847:
12823:
12809:
12805:Morris, John
12778:
12751:
12726:
12697:
12672:
12666:
12639:
12609:
12593:
12581:
12574:Garland 1999
12569:
12553:
12537:
12525:
12509:
12497:
12481:
12469:
12432:
12420:
12404:
12371:
12351:
12339:
12332:Angelov 2019
12323:
12307:
12295:
12283:
12271:
12260:Angelov 2019
12255:
12248:Angelov 2019
12243:
12236:Angelov 2019
12231:
12223:
12218:
12211:Garland 1999
12206:
12199:Garland 1999
12194:
12174:
12167:Garland 1999
12162:
12142:
12135:Garland 1999
12130:
12114:
12107:Garland 1999
12102:
12086:
12079:Garland 1999
12074:
12054:
12047:Garland 2006
12042:
12022:
12015:Garland 1999
12010:
11990:
11978:
11971:Garland 1999
11966:
11954:
11947:Garland 1999
11942:
11930:
11914:
11898:
11882:
11875:Garland 1999
11870:
11854:
11838:
11822:
11802:
11786:
11770:
11758:
11738:
11710:
11686:
11662:
11655:Garland 1999
11650:
11622:
11607:Euphrosyne 1
11598:
11574:
11550:
11526:
11502:
11486:
11475:Garland 1999
11443:
11419:
11412:Garland 1999
11407:
11383:
11376:Garland 1999
11367:
11343:
11319:
11295:
11271:
11247:
11223:
11216:Garland 1999
11176:
11152:
11128:
11112:
11105:Garland 1999
11100:
11084:
11072:
11060:
11048:
11041:Garland 1999
11036:
11024:
11017:Garland 1999
11012:
11000:
10988:
10976:
10964:
10952:
10940:
10928:
10916:
10904:
10892:
10885:Burgess 1994
10880:
10868:
10856:
10844:
10832:
10820:
10811:
10802:
10790:
10778:
10766:
10754:
10742:
10735:Leeming 2005
10730:
10718:
10691:
10684:Cameron 1988
10679:
10674:, p. 7.
10667:
10655:
10643:
10631:
10619:
10607:
10595:
10583:
10541:
10529:
10502:
10490:
10478:
10466:
10454:
10427:
10415:
10403:
10376:
10364:
10352:
10325:
10313:
10301:
10289:
10277:
10265:
10253:
10241:
10229:
10213:
10201:
10189:
10177:
10162:
10153:
10141:
10129:
10117:
10105:
10093:
10081:
10069:
10057:
10045:
10033:
10021:
10009:
9997:
9985:
9973:
9961:
9949:
9937:
9928:
9901:
9873:
9861:
9854:Garland 1999
9849:
9822:
9809:
9797:
9788:
9775:
9763:
9751:
9738:
9726:
9717:
9705:
9693:
9681:
9669:
9660:
9648:
9636:
9624:
9616:
9596:
9588:
9583:
9571:
9559:
9549:
9544:
9532:
9525:Emperor Zeno
9521:Julius Nepos
9516:
9503:
9490:
9478:
9470:
9462:
9446:
9437:
9425:
9413:
9404:
9398:
9390:
9372:
9362:
9341:
9279:Daughter of
9245:Daughter of
9199:Daughter of
9142:Daughter of
9037:Daughter of
8967:Daughter of
8908:Daughter of
8905:(aged 63–54)
8845:Daughter of
8816:Thessalonica
8803:
8798:Daughter of
8742:Daughter of
8690:Daughter of
8657:Thessalonica
8647:Daughter of
8587:Daughter of
8446:
8444:
8407:Daughter of
8373:Daughter of
8311:Daughter of
8266:Daughter of
8186:Daughter of
8132:
8127:
8103:
8102:
8058:
8053:Daughter of
8003:
7986:Daughter of
7886:
7875:Latin Empire
7867:Andronikos I
7861:Daughter of
7847:
7824:Andronikos I
7815:
7810:Daughter of
7749:Daughter of
7735:
7698:Daughter of
7645:Anna Komnene
7633:Daughter of
7524:Daughter of
7521:(aged 62–66)
7466:
7425:
7394:
7326:Daughter of
7295:
7286:
7274:
7230:
7196:
7139:Daughter of
7115:
7079:
7025:Daughter of
6889:
6884:Daughter of
6780:Daughter of
6718:Unknown name
6717:
6691:and general
6584:Daughter of
6525:
6516:Daughter of
6387:
6374:
6365:Daughter of
6347:
6331:
6297:. Ended the
6293:, alongside
6286:
6257:the Armenian
6254:
6227:Daughter of
6223:(c. 6 years)
6174:(c. 4 years)
6098:
6093:Daughter of
6037:Nikephoros I
6035:Daughter of
5991:
5944:Nikephoros I
5933:Unknown name
5932:
5884:
5802:
5791:
5754:
5718:
5683:
5678:Daughter of
5565:
5564:Daughter of
5447:(c. 2 years)
5437:Unknown name
5436:
5406:(c. 2 years)
5361:(c. 2 years)
5351:Unknown name
5350:
5328:Justinian II
5267:Tiberius III
5259:(c. 7 years)
5249:Unknown name
5248:
5218:(c. 3 years)
5208:Unknown name
5207:
5156:Justinian II
5148:
5094:
4997:
4988:Daughter of
4958:in favor of
4942:ruler after
4939:
4757:
4711:
4660:
4558:
4446:Anastasius I
4405:Daughter of
4348:Emperor Zeno
4283:
4277:
4253:Julius Nepos
4234:Unknown name
4232:
4194:Daughter of
4154:
4050:
4041:Daughter of
3973:sack of Rome
3963:Daughter of
3891:Theodosius I
3889:Daughter of
3888:
3834:
3785:
3742:(c. 9 years)
3691:
3687:
3638:Welsh legend
3621:Unknown name
3620:
3601:Daughter of
3566:Theodosius I
3545:
3501:
3487:
3425:
3360:
3346:
3331:(c. 5 years)
3318:
3206:
3151:Daughter of
3144:November 360
2989:Unknown name
2987:
2950:Unknown name
2949:
2917:
2908:Daughter of
2886:
2834:
2705:Unknown name
2704:
2670:Daughter of
2620:Daughter of
2567:
2561:
2557:
2548:Daughter of
2356:Unknown name
2355:
2129:
2090:; member of
2078:(c. 5 years)
2036:Daughter of
2029:February 244
2019:
2015:Tranquillina
1888:
1885:
1853:Daughter of
1840:
1815:Daughter of
1802:
1783:
1625:
1620:Daughter of
1560:
1550:
1541:Daughter of
1482:
1479:
1444:
1396:Daughter of
1347:
1344:
1311:
1303:
1298:Daughter of
1260:Lucius Verus
1245:
1240:Daughter of
1237:(aged 32–33)
1221:
1179:
1175:
1172:Lucius Verus
1166:Daughter of
1144:
1103:
1098:Daughter of
1076:
1034:
1012:Vibia Sabina
966:
903:
900:
868:
719:
710:Daughter of
664:
650:Titus Ollius
648:Daughter of
645:(aged 33–35)
593:(aged 22–23)
559:
554:Daughter of
535:
495:
492:Gaius Silius
486:Daughter of
427:Daughter of
421:
365:
354:
300:Daughter of
236:
232:
205:
198:
194:
191:autokráteira
190:
186:
159:
153:
149:
141:
135:
131:
128:autokráteira
127:
121:
117:
111:
107:
103:
97:
93:
92:: αὐγούστα,
83:
76:Ancient Rome
73:
61:Roman Empire
52:
50:
26:
16392:underlining
15964:Constantina
15646:Julia Domna
15452:Megali Idea
15427:Byzantinism
15130:Agriculture
14921:Hagia Irene
14754:Kievan Rus'
14731:Mount Athos
14554:Cibyrrhaeot
14498:Vestiaritai
14353:Mercenaries
14230:Catepanates
14089:Sakellarios
14008:Family tree
13933:Mesopotamia
13752:Angelid era
13732:Amorian era
13363:: 295–303.
13327:: 329–337.
13232:: 197–204,
12376:Talbot 1992
12276:Murata 2021
11983:Varzos 1984
11763:Grumel 1936
11559:Theodosia 1
11511:Theophano 1
11479:Niavis 1984
11360:Anna (#443)
11161:Anastasia 1
10318:Watson 1999
10110:Birley 2005
10038:Iovine 2018
9921:Cassius Dio
9878:Kajava 1984
9731:Theodore II
9698:Michael VII
9355:Kajava 1984
9351:Cassius Dio
8581:1260 – 1281
8325:Theodore II
8229:1214 – 1216
8188:Alexios III
8064:John Doukas
7430:Michael VII
6522:Michael III
6436:Michael III
6430:Theoktistos
6350:the Younger
6295:Theoktistos
6291:Michael III
5619:(c. 1 year)
5369:Philippicus
5143:(10 years?)
5091:Philippicus
5051:Constans II
4994:Constans II
4960:Constans II
4950:. Deposed,
4944:Constantine
4745:Constantina
4665:Tiberius II
4620:Justinian I
4264:474–475/80)
3515: Name
3319:second time
3212:Lucillianus
3163:Julianus II
3140:February –
2455:during the
2411: Name
2142:Of a noble
2044:Gordian III
1945:Maximinus I
1666:Nonia Celsa
1520:Julia Domna
1449:Didia Clara
1294:(3–4 years)
1291:178 – 191/2
494:; suffered
221:Alexios III
213:Justinian I
16410:Categories
16095:Euphrosyne
15867:Thermantia
15827:Constantia
15541:Principate
15447:Third Rome
15373:University
15356:Philosophy
15346:Inventions
15209:Historians
15177:Literature
15160:Varangians
15002:San Vitale
14931:Hippodrome
14911:City Walls
14811:Mutilation
14806:Hexabiblos
14726:Bogomilism
14716:Iconoclasm
14586:Megas doux
14576:Greek fire
14559:Aegean Sea
14432:Kleisourai
14409:Excubitors
14399:Bucellarii
14251:Despotates
14220:Kleisourai
14159:Provincial
14003:Coronation
13977:Governance
13742:Doukid era
13675:Leonid era
13239:2012.00976
12789:De Gruyter
12747:Werner Eck
12530:Nicol 1968
12502:Nicol 1994
12474:Nicol 1994
12425:Nicol 1994
12344:Evans 2004
11635:Theodora 2
11535:Prokopia 1
11452:Theodote 1
10812:Britannica
9898:"Caligula"
9837:References
9674:Romanos II
9653:Romanos II
9367:Suetonius.
9218:1425–1448)
9114:1391–1425)
9056:1376–1379)
9017:(17 years)
8990:1353–1357)
8939:1341–1391)
8868:1347–1354)
8761:1328–1341)
8709:1294–1320)
8686:(24 years)
8610:1282–1328)
8550:1259–1282)
8461:Rita-Maria
8430:1254–1258)
8403:(17 years)
8342:1221–1254)
8313:Theodore I
8307:(19 years)
8275:Baldwin II
8236:Cousin of
8209:1205–1221)
8192:Euphrosyne
8131:is called
8085:1195–1203)
7926:1183–1185)
7906:1180–1183)
7877:after the
7871:Alexios II
7820:Alexios II
7772:1143–1180)
7717:1118–1143)
7694:(30 years)
7666:1081–1118)
7564:1078–1081)
7543:1071–1078)
7486:1068–1071)
7455:1059–1067)
7408:(13 years)
7349:1057–1059)
7315:Αἰκατερίνη
7268:Michael VI
7254:Sister of
7216:1042–1055)
7189:1034–1041)
7179:Michael IV
7129:(22 years)
7099:1025–1028)
6968:Romanos II
6897:Romanos II
6689:Theophanes
6571:(14 years)
6503:(16 years)
6416:(12 years)
6367:Theophilos
6361:(14 years)
6309:Theophilos
6209:Euphrosyne
6186:Michael II
6041:Staurakios
5997:Staurakios
5879:Cousin of
5691:Artabasdos
5560:(17 years)
5045:Valentinus
5039:(26 years)
4984:(11 years)
4956:Valentinus
4948:Heraclonas
4486:Basiliscus
4344:Basiliscus
4342:Sister of
4190:(7 months)
3905:alongside
3781:Thermantia
3634:Saint Elen
3632:Known as "
3498:Thermantia
3405:Constantia
3105:Magnentius
2997:(16 years)
2922:alongside
2895:(19 years)
2550:Diocletian
2463:Diocletian
2226:(15 years)
2192:Aemilianus
2184:(3 months)
1980:(22 days?)
1731:Elagabalus
1674:(2 years?)
1153:(14 years)
704:35 – c. 70
652:; married
304:; married
237:autokrator
219:, wife of
217:Euphrosyne
211:, wife of
137:autokrator
132:autocratix
78:. Typical
16147:Theophano
16085:Theodosia
16060:of Athens
16015:Anastasia
15924:Pulcheria
15769:Minervina
15571:Messalina
15534:empresses
15275:Octoechos
15155:Silk Road
14647:Hesychasm
14515:Paramonai
14462:Hetaireia
14394:Foederati
14283:Diplomacy
14278:Diplomats
14184:Provinces
14013:Empresses
13816:Trebizond
13612:Preceding
13490:153920517
12969:. BRILL.
12915:834784634
12187:Agnes 101
12003:Eudokia 1
11723:Eudokia 2
11695:Eudokia 3
11328:Eudokia 1
11185:Eudokia 8
11137:Phausta 1
10808:"Eudocia"
10206:Vagi 2000
9925:"Book 59"
9894:Suetonius
9842:Citations
9827:John VIII
9443:Tetrarchy
9430:Caracalla
9407:Antoninus
9347:Suetonius
9196:(aged 14)
8920:in 1376.
8802:. Became
8574:(9 years)
8262:(2 years)
8232:(2 years)
7976:(9 years)
7579:Portrait
7366:Portrait
7260:Michael V
7149:Michael V
6954:Skylitzes
6880:(2 years)
6877:945 – 949
6782:Romanos I
6777:(aged 54)
6732:Alexander
6705:Romanos I
6568:883 – 893
6510:840 – 882
6464:Portrait
6213:Εὐφροσύνη
6135:Portrait
6100:patrikios
6078:Theodosia
5905:Portrait
5761:with the
5721:of Athens
5616:751 – 752
5577:'s birth
5557:733 – 750
5483:Portrait
5403:713 – 715
5184:Portrait
5078:Αναστασία
5074:Anastasia
4952:mutilated
4893:Heraclius
4842:Portrait
4671:Justin II
4555:Procopius
4514:Portrait
4352:Patricius
4303:Portrait
4280:Byzantine
4161:Anthemius
4105:Portrait
4065:Chalcedon
4038:(aged 55)
4024:Pulcheria
3739:398 – 407
3698:Eutropius
3597:(8 years)
3594:386 – 394
3554:(7 years)
3512:Portrait
3422:(aged 21)
3328:370 – 375
3281:(6 years)
3278:364 – 370
3246:Portrait
3097:(3 years)
3073:Procopius
2994:337 – 353
2841:concubine
2829:(1 year?)
2822:Minervina
2794:Portrait
2751:313 – 324
2682:Maxentius
2408:Portrait
2363:(2 years)
2360:283 – 284
2324:(5 years)
2321:283 – 285
2268:(5 years)
2265:270 – 275
2234:Gallienus
2223:253 – 268
2146:descent.
2138:(2 years)
2135:249 – 251
2084:Macedonia
1988:Gordian I
1898:Portrait
1849:(2 years)
1846:225 – 227
1765:220 / 221
1634:Caracalla
1563:castrorum
1492:Portrait
1357:Portrait
1230:(6 years)
1160:130 – 176
975:Epicurean
913:Portrait
813:Portrait
785:Vitellius
738:Portrait
697:(2 years)
638:(3 years)
551:(aged 43)
482:(7 years)
356:Orestilla
297:(aged 87)
255:Portrait
187:basílissa
118:basílissa
108:kaisáreia
104:caesaraea
16377:Augustae
16353:See also
16170:Theodora
16152:Theodora
16142:Theodora
16101:Theodora
16080:Prokopia
16070:Theodote
16005:Gregoria
15988:610–1453
15983:Eastern/
15949:Theodora
15944:Euphemia
15888:Placidia
15797:Faustina
15754:Eutropia
15739:Dominate
15368:Scholars
15361:Rhetoric
15351:Medicine
15326:Learning
15225:Calendar
15102:Painters
14801:Basilika
14739:Bulgaria
14701:Arianism
14652:Hayhurum
14629:Religion
14591:Admirals
14510:Allagion
14442:Droungos
14348:Generals
14310:Military
14273:Treaties
14179:Dioceses
13998:Emperors
13911:Sardinia
13891:Dalmatia
13871:Bulgaria
13861:Anatolia
13820:Theodoro
13814: /
13810: /
13802: /
13351:(1992).
13292:(1968).
13194:: 65–78.
13177:: 23–30.
13059:41540754
12845:(1994).
12661:(1962).
12637:(1999).
12155:Maria 63
12123:Irene 66
12095:Irene 62
12067:Irene 61
12035:Maria 61
11671:Thekla 1
11583:Thekla 2
11392:Eirene 1
11280:Eirene 3
11236:Theodora
11121:Gregoria
9929:Historia
9814:John VII
9617:De facto
9602:Prokopia
9589:de facto
9455:Galerius
9418:Commodus
9296:See also
9189:(3 year)
8804:de facto
8529:John III
8477:Picture
8453:Theodora
8143:Picture
8068:Komnenoi
8066:and the
7992:Boniface
7941:Picture
7816:de facto
7734:Ειρήνη (
7426:de facto
7231:Theodora
7169:1028–34)
7145:Theodora
7075:989 (?)
7048:969–976)
7010:Theodora
7000:963–969)
6979:959–963)
6908:959–963)
6853:919–944)
6819:Theodora
6807:913–959)
6786:Theodora
6743:912–913)
6693:Himerios
6653:(1 year)
6603:886–912)
6544:867–886)
6447:842–867)
6426:Theodora
6373:, named
6371:Theodora
6320:829–842)
6287:de facto
6255:Theodora
6197:820–829)
6118:813–820)
6082:Θεοδοσία
6058:811–813)
6024:Προκοπία
6020:Prokopia
5955:802–811)
5864:Theodote
5852:780–797)
5781:775–780)
5755:de facto
5749:family;
5702:741–743)
5593:741–775)
5537:717–741)
5466:715–717)
5425:713–715)
5380:711–713)
5324:in 705.
5322:Tiberius
5318:Khazaria
5278:698–705)
5237:695–698)
5226:Leontius
5113:668–685)
5062:641–668)
4977:Γρηγορία
4973:Gregoria
4940:de facto
4904:610–641)
4887:epilepsy
4825:602–610)
4779:582–602)
4729:578–582)
4682:565–578)
4661:de facto
4631:527–565)
4592:Theodora
4576:518–527)
4565:Justin I
4542:Euphemia
4497:475–476)
4457:491–518)
4436:474–491)
4377:457–474)
4360:Leontius
4210:Olybrius
4183:Placidia
4172:467–472)
4086:450–457)
4043:Arcadius
3990:425–455)
3854:408–450)
3765:395–423)
3754:Honorius
3748:Stilicho
3715:395–408)
3704:Arcadius
3688:de facto
3655:383–388)
3577:379–395)
3474:Alaric I
3449:375–383)
3432:Faustina
3388:364–378)
3300:364–375)
3229:363–364)
3174:360–363)
3116:350–353)
3060:Faustina
3016:337–361)
2976:337–340)
2932:adultery
2928:Licinius
2916:, named
2914:Eutropia
2910:Maximian
2866:306–337)
2777:308–324)
2766:Licinius
2731:310–313)
2693:306–312)
2672:Galerius
2643:305–306)
2622:Eutropia
2592:305–311)
2581:Galerius
2576:Licinius
2521:286–305)
2510:Maximian
2491:Eutropia
2474:284–305)
2453:Licinius
2386:283–284)
2375:Numerian
2343:283–285)
2299:270–275)
2288:Aurelian
2245:253–268)
2161:249–251)
2144:Etrurian
2109:244–249)
2055:238–244)
1956:235–238)
1872:222–235)
1742:218–222)
1693:217–218)
1682:Macrinus
1646:211–217)
1589:193–211)
1404:Pertinax
1331:180–192)
1320:Commodus
1308:adultery
1302:, named
1271:161–169)
1254:Commodus
1201:161–180)
1124:138–161)
1056:117–138)
965:, named
963:Pompeius
876:Domitian
866:. Named
504:Claudius
383:Caligula
377:adultery
322:Claudius
310:Octavian
233:basileus
209:Theodora
200:despotes
195:déspoina
165:and the
123:basileus
99:augustus
94:augoústa
45:Augustus
16388:Italics
16045:Eudokia
16035:Tzitzak
16020:Eudokia
16000:Martina
15969:Leontia
15939:Zenonis
15934:Ariadne
15907:395–610
15855:395–480
15822:Domnica
15817:Justina
15807:Charito
15792:Eusebia
15742:284–610
15686:235–285
15626:Lucilla
15477:Outline
15422:Museums
15322:Science
15299:Slavery
15255:Gardens
15235:Cuisine
15167:Dynatoi
15135:Coinage
15122:Economy
15090:Mosaics
15053:Mystras
14994:Ravenna
14856:Secular
14744:Moravia
14493:Pronoia
14467:Akritai
14452:Tagmata
14427:Themata
14368:Revolts
14338:Battles
14246:Kephale
14215:Themata
14145:Mesazon
13987:Central
13923:Maghreb
13876:Corsica
13866:Armenia
13856:Albania
13599:History
13482:4352566
13377:1291662
13341:1291411
13047:Latomus
12689:1291157
12224:augusta
11428:Maria 2
11304:Maria 1
11256:Maria 3
11193:(#1624)
9903:De vita
9710:John II
9629:Basil I
9551:augusta
9483:Gratian
9216:
9159:
9112:
9054:
9027:1346 –
8988:
8937:
8910:John VI
8866:
8812:John VI
8759:
8707:
8608:
8548:
8483:Tenure
8448:augusta
8428:
8411:, born
8340:
8225:Φιλίππα
8207:
8175:1205 –
8149:Tenure
8134:augusta
8083:
8020:
8005:augusta
7947:Tenure
7924:
7904:
7888:augusta
7770:
7715:
7664:
7585:Tenure
7562:
7541:
7484:
7453:
7416:, born
7395:Eudokia
7372:Tenure
7347:
7334:"Xene"
7237:Θεοδώρα
7214:
7187:
7167:
7097:
7081:augusta
7046:
7014:Θεοδώρα
6998:
6977:
6928:Θεοφανώ
6906:
6891:augusta
6873:Εὐδοκία
6851:
6823:Θεοδώρα
6805:
6790:crowned
6741:
6601:
6542:
6533:Basil I
6527:augusta
6470:Tenure
6445:
6381:Basil I
6376:augusta
6318:
6285:Became
6261:Θεοδώρα
6195:
6141:Tenure
6116:
6095:Arsaber
6056:
6006:
5992:augusta
5971:Θεοφανώ
5953:
5911:Tenure
5868:Θεοδότη
5850:
5833:; born
5794:780–797
5779:
5751:crowned
5700:
5685:augusta
5680:Leo III
5638:Ευδοκία
5634:Eudokia
5591:
5535:
5526:Leo III
5489:Tenure
5464:
5423:
5378:
5337:
5294:Θεοδώρα
5276:
5235:
5190:Tenure
5165:
5150:augusta
5129:Ευδοκία
5125:Eudokia
5111:
5096:augusta
5060:
5014:
4999:augusta
4924:Μαρτίνα
4920:Martina
4902:
4874:Ευδοκία
4848:Tenure
4823:
4799:Leontia
4777:
4768:Maurice
4727:
4680:
4629:
4574:
4520:Tenure
4495:
4471:Zenonis
4455:
4434:
4394:Ariadne
4375:
4356:Marcian
4309:Tenure
4285:augusta
4262:
4219:
4170:
4155:augusta
4146:Marcian
4111:Tenure
4084:
4075:Marcian
4061:Ephesus
4052:augusta
4047:Eudoxia
4008:
3988:
3969:Eudocia
3923:
3899:Athaulf
3852:
3836:augusta
3813:Eudocia
3763:
3713:
3693:augusta
3671:Eudoxia
3653:
3607:Justina
3575:
3518:Tenure
3503:augusta
3447:
3438:Gratian
3386:
3362:augusta
3348:Domnica
3313:Justina
3298:
3252:Tenure
3227:
3194:Charito
3172:
3114:
3090:Justina
3071:Joined
3033:Eusebia
3014:
2974:
2936:Crispus
2919:augusta
2864:
2849:Zosimus
2800:Tenure
2775:
2729:
2691:
2641:
2590:
2563:augusta
2519:
2472:
2414:Tenure
2384:
2341:
2332:Carinus
2297:
2282:Tacitus
2243:
2201:
2159:
2107:
2053:
1997:
1977:238 (?)
1954:
1939:deified
1930:235 (?)
1904:Tenure
1889:augusta
1870:
1740:
1691:
1644:
1587:
1571:patriae
1567:senatus
1557:deified
1552:augusta
1498:Tenure
1483:augusta
1464:
1445:augusta
1413:
1363:Tenure
1348:augusta
1329:
1304:augusta
1269:
1246:augusta
1217:Lucilla
1199:
1176:augusta
1122:
1108:deified
1104:augusta
1054:
1045:Hadrian
1039:deified
1035:augusta
996:98–117)
994:
971:deified
967:augusta
919:Tenure
904:augusta
885:
869:augusta
819:Tenure
794:
744:Tenure
675:deified
671:Claudia
666:augusta
613:
561:augusta
513:
392:
337:
318:deified
314:Augusta
261:Tenure
154:augusta
85:augusta
65:regents
41:
16157:Helena
16090:Thekla
16010:Fausta
15954:Sophia
15929:Verina
15802:Helena
15775:Fausta
15749:Prisca
15683:Crisis
15487:Portal
15402:Impact
15282:People
15230:Cities
15080:Enamel
14861:Sacred
14796:Ecloga
14662:Saints
14571:Dromon
14447:Bandon
14437:Tourma
14420:Middle
14343:Beacon
14225:Bandon
14208:Middle
14077:Middle
14032:Senate
13955:Thrace
13938:Serbia
13916:Sicily
13901:Greece
13886:Cyprus
13804:Epirus
13800:Nicaea
13710:Middle
13587:topics
13488:
13480:
13470:
13438:
13417:
13396:
13375:
13339:
13308:390843
13306:
13264:
13209:
13171:Arctos
13129:
13104:
13079:
13057:
13015:
12994:
12973:
12952:
12913:
12901:]
12880:
12855:
12831:
12763:
12734:
12710:
12687:
12647:
11352:Anna 1
9641:Leo VI
9576:Leo IV
9377:birth.
8973:John V
8922:John V
8808:John V
8396:Ἑλένη
8060:caesar
7846:Άννα (
7687:Ειρήνη
7464:
7424:1049;
7071:976 –
7060:Helena
6592:Leo VI
6348:Thekla
6329:
6275:815 –
6159:Thekla
5772:
5769:Leo IV
5725:Εἰρήνη
5584:
5575:Leo IV
5567:khagan
5553:Εἰρήνη
5396:Ειρήνη
5314:Khagan
5136:685 –
5032:Φαύστα
5028:Fausta
4814:Phocas
4762:Phocas
4758:caesar
4712:caesar
4648:Sophia
4411:Verina
4331:Verina
4248:Verina
3953:422 –
3907:Aetius
3543:
3496:, and
3377:Valens
3218:Jovian
3157:Fausta
3133:Helena
2924:Helena
2882:Fausta
2558:caesar
2554:Prisca
2436:Prisca
2150:Decius
2098:Philip
2088:Moesia
1561:mater
1443:Named
1184:castra
985:Trajan
979:Athens
887:81–96)
615:54–68)
515:41–54)
394:37–41)
215:, and
148:" and
146:castra
113:caesar
102:, and
16058:Irene
16040:Maria
16030:Maria
15862:Maria
15842:Galla
15832:Laeta
15551:Livia
15472:Index
15304:Death
15294:Women
15265:Music
15245:Dress
15240:Dance
15185:Novel
15145:Trade
15140:Mints
15085:Glass
15075:Icons
14871:Domes
14749:Serbs
14564:Samos
14377:Early
14167:Early
14041:Early
13950:Syria
13928:Malta
13906:Italy
13896:Egypt
13881:Crete
13812:Morea
13641:Early
13497:(PDF)
13486:S2CID
13478:JSTOR
13456:(PDF)
13373:JSTOR
13337:JSTOR
13282:(PDF)
13234:arXiv
13055:JSTOR
12922:(PDF)
12903:(PDF)
12897:[
12685:JSTOR
11093:Fabia
9447:nomen
9333:Notes
8914:Irene
8271:Peter
8255:Μαρία
8146:Name
8104:Note:
7969:Μαρία
7944:Name
7793:Μαρία
7736:Irene
7582:Name
7504:Μαρία
7369:Name
7147:from
7064:Ελένη
6467:Name
6424:, by
6354:Θέκλα
6237:Irene
6233:Maria
6163:Θέκλα
6138:Name
6107:Leo V
5908:Name
5818:Μαρία
5719:Irene
5609:Μαρία
5605:Maria
5511:Μαρία
5507:Maria
5486:Name
5392:Irene
5310:Busir
5187:Name
4845:Name
4517:Name
4419:Livia
4407:Leo I
4366:Leo I
4350:with
4306:Name
4108:Name
4069:Aspar
3895:Galla
3732:Maria
3684:Bauto
3636:" in
3590:Galla
3490:Galla
3461:Laeta
3249:Name
2797:Name
2678:305.
1901:Name
1495:Name
1360:Name
1250:Capri
916:Name
816:Name
741:Name
419:AD 38
363:AD 37
258:Name
225:Irene
90:Greek
80:Latin
34:Livia
16396:bold
16365:list
16329:(w.
16307:(w.
16270:(w.
16198:(w.
16051:Anna
15648:(w.
15270:Lyra
15150:silk
14761:Jews
14536:Navy
14481:Late
14321:Army
14288:Wars
14239:Late
14133:Late
13763:Late
13468:ISBN
13436:ISBN
13415:ISBN
13394:ISBN
13304:OCLC
13262:ISBN
13207:ISBN
13127:ISBN
13102:ISBN
13077:ISBN
13033:ByzZ
13013:ISBN
12992:ISBN
12971:ISBN
12950:ISBN
12911:OCLC
12878:ISBN
12853:ISBN
12829:ISBN
12785:BBAW
12761:ISBN
12732:ISBN
12708:ISBN
12645:ISBN
11919:PmbZ
11903:PmbZ
11887:PmbZ
11859:PmbZ
11843:PmbZ
11827:PmbZ
11811:PmbZ
11791:PmbZ
11775:PmbZ
11747:PmbZ
11727:PmbZ
11699:PmbZ
11675:PmbZ
11639:PmbZ
11611:PmbZ
11587:PmbZ
11563:PmbZ
11539:PmbZ
11515:PmbZ
11456:PmbZ
11432:PmbZ
11396:PmbZ
11356:PmbZ
11332:PmbZ
11308:PmbZ
11284:PmbZ
11260:PmbZ
11189:PmbZ
11165:PmbZ
11141:PmbZ
11077:PLRE
11065:PLRE
11053:PLRE
11029:PLRE
11005:PLRE
10993:PLRE
10981:PLRE
10957:PLRE
10933:PLRE
10921:PLRE
10909:PLRE
10897:PLRE
10861:PLRE
10849:PLRE
10825:PLRE
10795:PLRE
10783:PLRE
10771:PLRE
10747:PLRE
10723:PLRE
10696:PLRE
10660:PLRE
10636:PLRE
10612:PLRE
10600:PLRE
10588:PLRE
10561:PLRE
10546:PLRE
10534:PLRE
10507:PLRE
10471:PLRE
10459:PLRE
10447:PLRE
10420:PLRE
10396:PLRE
10381:PLRE
10357:PLRE
10330:PLRE
10294:PLRE
9471:PLRE
9389:The
9283:and
9031:1400
8912:and
8492:Ref
8463:and
8359:Άννα
8315:and
8190:and
8179:1212
8158:Ref
7956:Ref
7848:Anna
7594:Ref
7381:Ref
7029:and
6784:and
6479:Ref
6428:and
6369:and
6231:and
6150:Ref
6008:811)
5920:Ref
5667:Άννα
5663:Anna
5498:Ref
5199:Ref
5016:641)
4857:Ref
4529:Ref
4425:Zeno
4417:and
4409:and
4318:Ref
4221:472)
4206:480
4198:and
4120:Ref
4063:and
4045:and
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3967:and
3925:421)
3893:and
3605:and
3527:Ref
3494:Elen
3430:and
3261:Ref
3155:and
2912:and
2847:and
2809:Ref
2566:and
2423:Ref
2203:253)
2086:and
1999:238)
1974:(?)
1913:Ref
1668:(?)
1507:Ref
1466:193)
1415:193)
1372:Ref
928:Ref
828:Ref
753:Ref
661:Otho
604:Nero
270:Ref
235:and
227:and
189:and
51:The
16163:Zoë
15771:(?)
15695:(?)
15067:Art
14771:Law
13460:doi
13365:doi
13329:doi
13244:doi
13154:doi
12874:ÖAW
12757:WBG
12677:doi
12614:PLP
12598:PLP
12558:PLP
12542:PLP
12514:PLP
12486:PLP
12458:PLP
12437:PLP
12409:PLP
12393:PLP
12356:PLP
12312:PLP
12183:PBW
12179:ODB
12151:PBW
12147:ODB
12119:PBW
12091:PBW
12063:PBW
12059:ODB
12031:PBW
12027:ODB
11999:PBW
11995:ODB
11959:ODB
11935:ODB
11807:ODB
11743:ODB
11719:PBE
11715:ODB
11691:PBE
11667:PBE
11631:PBE
11627:ODB
11603:PBE
11579:PBE
11555:PBE
11531:PBE
11507:PBE
11491:DIR
11448:PBE
11424:PBE
11388:PBE
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11324:PBE
11300:PBE
11276:PBE
11252:PBE
11232:DIR
11228:ODB
11181:PBE
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11133:PBE
11117:DIR
11089:DIR
10969:ODB
10945:ODB
10873:ODB
10837:ODB
10759:ODB
10218:DIR
8277:as
7651:.
7256:Zoe
7122:Ζωὴ
7116:Zoe
6676:Ζωὴ
6279:867
6171:824
5316:of
5140:695
4557:'s
3957:493
3791:408
3064:361
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