36:
338:
581:. The text is divided into two major sections: the first (chapters 1 to 56) draws upon various earlier authors and provides advice on generalship, battle formations and tactics, and siege warfare. The second half (chapters 57 to 102) deals with stratagems employed by past generals, drawing chiefly from ancient authors. Nevertheless, sections on contemporary warfare and comparison with earlier models (chapters 30-39 and 46-47) are also included, and were used as a basis for the later
621:(r. 963–969), but actually written on his orders, possibly by his brother Leo. It is an essay on light infantry and skirmishing warfare, written ca. 975 based on Phokas' notes on the cross-border raids and skirmishes between Byzantines and Arabs during the first half of the 10th century. Emphasis is on reconnaissance, the use of the terrain and night fighting, and instructions are provided on various scenarios, from countering raids or large-scale invasions to sieges.
3673:
479:. Three substantial sections survive, which are transmitted independently in the manuscript tradition and have been edited in separate publications. Scholarship dating as far back as the seventeenth century has consistently recognised the textual unity of these three pieces, but errors in mid twentieth-century studies prolonged their separation. The three components are:
767:
640:, six chapters written in c. 965, which presents the army of the latter 10th century during the "Byzantine reconquest" in the East. Various operational scenarios are discussed; for a pitched battle, Phokas describes the use of a strong infantry formation that anchors the battle line and the use of heavy cavalry, especially
519:
Recognition of the common authorship of all three sections necessarily assigns the entire compendium to
Syrianus. A new edition of the complete compendium is reportedly in preparation. The constituent parts of the compendium were traditionally dated to the sixth century, but the evidence is weak and
440:
victories in the 580s-590s. He favours indirect forms of combat - ambushes, ruses, nocturnal raids and skirmishing on difficult terrain - and he also exhibits a good understanding of military psychology and morale. Book XI offers an innovative analysis of the fighting methods, customs and habitat of
358:
A large corpus of
Byzantine military literature survives. Characteristically Byzantine manuals were first produced in the sixth century. They greatly proliferated in the tenth century, when the Byzantines embarked on their conquests in the East and the Balkans, but production abated after the early
293:
antiquity, which relied on discipline, training, knowledge of tactics and a well-organized support system. A crucial element in the maintenance and spreading of this military knowledge, along with traditional histories, were the various treatises and military manuals. These continued a tradition of
292:
was, for much of its history, one of the major powers of the medieval world. Continuing the institutions of the Roman Empire, throughout its history it was assailed on all sides by various numerically superior enemies. The empire therefore maintained its highly sophisticated military system from
1006:
644:, as the main striking force. The text also includes information on the setting up of camps, reconnaissance and the use of spies, as well as the army's religious ceremonies. The chapters are included and partially amended to account for the early 11th-century situation in the later
830:
742:
713:, initially in Greek at Constantinople in the mid-1320s; this Greek text is now lost. Theodore himself translated his work into Latin in the early 1330s; this Latin text is in turn mostly lost. An Old French version (from the Latin) that was produced by
809:
520:
all recent studies have identified features incompatible with late antiquity or more congruent with a date of composition in the ninth century. This ninth-century dating has been widely accepted in recent scholarship on the genre.
1641:
435:
and may have been a complete imitation of the latter, adapted to 6th century needs and realities. The author is especially concerned to clarify procedures for the deployment and tactics of cavalry, particularly in response to
1128:
1035:
431:(r. 582–602) was compiled in the late sixth century. It is a large twelve-book compendium treating all aspects of contemporary land warfare. Derives much of its information from the late Hellenistic corpus of
305:, late Hellenistic military manuals adapted and applied for the needs and realities of the Byzantine army, most of them deriving from the wide corpus of ancient Greek and late Hellenistic authors, especially
1698:
Theotokis, Georgios - Sidiropoulos, Dimitrios (2021), Byzantine
Military Rhetoric in the Ninth Century. A Translation of the Anonymi Byzantini Rhetorica Militaris, Routledge, ISBN 9780367902087
851:
697:, written ca. 1075–1078. Not strictly a military manual, it contains general advice in military, administrative and household affairs, often illustrated by examples from 11th century events.
1842:
1137:
100.2 (2007) 701-737; L. Mecella, 'Die Überlieferung der Kestoi des Julius
Africanus in den byzantinischen Textsammlungen zur Militärtechnik' in M. Wallraff and L. Mecella (edd.),
1022:
See most recently F. Lammert, 'Die älteste erhaltene
Schrift über Seetaktik und ihre Beziehung zum Anonymus Byzantinus des 6. Jahrhunderts, zu Vegetius und zu Aineias’ Strategika,
2552:
214:
2785:
1007:'The De Militari Scientia or Müller Fragment as a philological resource. Latin in the East Roman army and two new loanwords in Greek: palmarium and *recala'
1765:
1508:
589:
3661:
2015:
1916:
1691:
1632:
1601:
1574:
1543:
1504:
1478:
3349:
1926:
1859:
1586:
Late
Byzantine Elites and Military Literature: Authors, Readers and Manuscripts (11th-15th Centuries)' in: G. Theotokis and A. Yildiz (edd.),
35:
1874:
1869:
255:
2950:
1936:
1911:
3301:
3284:
1941:
1921:
3000:
2846:
2818:
2462:
2454:
1931:
1864:
3196:
2557:
920:
224:
186:
3045:
460:. Internal evidence, including the addition of "Saracens" to the list of enemies, suggests a date around the mid-seventh century.
554:. However, it also includes expansions and modifications to reflect contemporary practice, especially against the Arabs and the
3525:
3050:
3449:
2209:
2202:
1758:
1425:
1185:
973:
3201:
3060:
2348:
3700:
2192:
3530:
2943:
710:
542:
3631:
2197:
1734:
1711:
1662:
1449:
1406:
1382:
1360:
1339:
506:(Ναυμαχίαι), a treatise on naval warfare, which in the unique manuscript bears an ascription to a Syrianus Magister (
2694:
1751:
248:
194:
88:
441:
the Empire's most significant enemies, as well as recommendations for campaigning north of the Danube against the
3666:
3488:
2020:
1788:
3636:
3626:
3498:
3419:
3237:
3105:
2677:
2621:
2542:
2409:
1440:
75:
3493:
3483:
3398:
3153:
2938:
337:
2373:
664:
3567:
3535:
3439:
3148:
3120:
2928:
2467:
1129:'The Date of the Military Compendium of Syrianus Magister (formerly the Sixth-Century Anonymus Byzantinus)'
550:, often reproduced verbatim, and additional material drawn from Hellenistic military treatises, especially
3291:
2933:
2780:
2537:
2288:
1036:
The Date of the
Military Compendium of Syrianus Magister (formerly the Sixth-Century Anonymus Byzantinus)
456:
or "Müller
Fragment", an anonymous fragmentary tract, mostly comprising modified excerpts from Maurice's
407:’, is spurious and results from confused scholarship in the 1930s. One manuscript (M) ascribes Maurice’s
241:
157:
105:
3611:
3557:
3296:
3168:
3158:
2858:
2738:
2616:
2435:
2404:
2247:
2187:
58:
3471:
2995:
2851:
2636:
2527:
2414:
1133:
1115:
1040:
899:
689:
190:
1350:
Byzantine
Military Manuals as Literary Works and Practical Handbooks: The Case of the Tenth-Century
721:, the text reflects the martial culture of northern Italy rather than Byzantine military traditions.
2770:
2522:
2009:
1888:
1727:
Pre-modern
Encyclopaedic Texts: Proceedings of the Second COMERS Congress, Groningen, 1–4 July 1996
209:
161:
1642:
Battlefield Emotions in Late Antiquity: A Study of Fear and Motivation in Roman Military Treatises
965:
Battlefield Emotions in Late Antiquity: A Study of Fear and Motivation in Roman Military Treatises
3676:
3100:
2826:
2646:
2532:
322:
228:
115:
3601:
3191:
3033:
2477:
2283:
2257:
2252:
2025:
2001:
1997:
1964:
684:
and other works, but also includes chapters from Ouranos' own experience on raiding and sieges.
607:
423:
387:(AD 136/7), a conventional treatment of an idealised Hellenistic infantry phalanx. Second, the
182:
791:(Vienna 1973) 187–225; E.L. Wheeler, "Notes on a Stratagem of Iphicrates in Polyaenus and Leo
3319:
3173:
2363:
2273:
2237:
2122:
1852:
1847:
963:
913:
3562:
3545:
3366:
3125:
3090:
2973:
2910:
2905:
2440:
2383:
1588:
A Military History of the Mediterranean Sea – Aspects of War, Diplomacy and Military Elites
637:
618:
374:
1123:
52 (1991) 15–39 esp. 25–30; S. Cosentino, 'Syrianos’ Strategikon– a 9th-Century Source?',
1078:(Δημηγορίαι προτρεπτικαὶ πρὸς ἀνδρείαν ἐκ διαφόρων ἀφορμῶν λαμβάνουσαι τὰς ὑποθέσεις) in:
707:
Instructions and Prescriptions for a Lord who has wars to fight and government to exercise
8:
2472:
2388:
2378:
2242:
2005:
1993:
1880:
1521:
626:
437:
377:(r. 491–518). In the manuscripts it is transmitted as two independent tracts. First, the
1676:
Byzantine Military Manuals. Perceptions, practice and pedagogy' in: P. Stephenson (ed.),
3550:
3540:
3414:
3085:
2968:
2885:
2748:
2100:
2080:
2060:
2050:
1816:
1685:
1626:
1595:
1568:
1537:
1498:
1472:
702:
Enseignemens ou ordenances pour un seigneur qui a guerres et grans gouvernemens a faire
669:
567:
383:
294:
1119:
81 (1988) 290–3; A.D. Lee and J. Shepard, 'A Double Life: Placing the Peri Presbeon',
3672:
3606:
3511:
3444:
3424:
3392:
3324:
3311:
3232:
3227:
2978:
2743:
2593:
2112:
2065:
2055:
2045:
1730:
1707:
1658:
1445:
1435:
1421:
1402:
1378:
1356:
1335:
1181:
969:
656:
468:
432:
428:
352:
306:
269:
3476:
3269:
3217:
3163:
3130:
3080:
2873:
2863:
2641:
2329:
2221:
2144:
2127:
2105:
2090:
2075:
1989:
1774:
289:
277:
273:
110:
63:
1520:
and the Ancients: the Late Antique Reception of Aelian and Arrian". In Rance, P.;
3621:
3454:
3434:
3429:
3384:
3374:
3334:
3329:
3279:
3274:
3055:
2661:
2578:
2573:
2313:
2303:
2139:
2133:
2117:
2095:
2085:
2070:
1396:
1030:
40 (1990) 209–224; S. Cosentino, "Syrianos’ Strategikon– a 9th-Century Source?",
924:
717:
in the 1340s survives. As Theodore spent most of his life and military career in
599:
578:
530:
399:
360:
302:
125:
100:
50:
321:. Pioneering scholars in the modern study of Byzantine military manuals include
3459:
3339:
3072:
2831:
2725:
2711:
2510:
2214:
1969:
1651:
1374:
994:
Appunti di tattica (De militari scientia). Testo critico, traduzione e commento
714:
359:
eleventh century. There is some evidence of similar works being written in the
325:(1808-67), Karl Konrad Müller (1854-1903), Rezső (Rudolf) Vári (1867-1940) and
143:
120:
27:
1082:(Zurich 1855-56), 2 parts, which was based on defective secondary manuscripts.
992:(Würzburg 1880) 106–38. New edition with Italian translation: I. Eramo (ed.),
3694:
3379:
3256:
3222:
2960:
2895:
2868:
2753:
2368:
2308:
594:
326:
546:
of Leo VI was written ca. 895-908. At its core is a re-edition of Maurice's
492:, most recently published as "The Anonymous Byzantine Treatise on Strategy".
3140:
3115:
3095:
2900:
2878:
2733:
1981:
1976:
1810:
768:"The Ideal of the Roman General in Byzantium: the Reception of Onasander's
739:
L’Histoire du texte d’Élien le Tacticien des origines à la Fin du Moyen Âge
577:), compiled in the early to mid 10th century, possibly during the reign of
347:
130:
1743:
1613:
The Ideal of the Roman General in Byzantium: the Reception of Onasander's
1061:
Series Washingtoniensis 25] Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C., 1985) 10–135
3641:
3616:
3110:
2920:
2687:
2293:
2278:
1392:
641:
1559:
in Byzantine Military Literature' in: M. Pretzler and N. Barley (edd.),
1150:
Pryor and Jeffreys (2006) 180; McGeer (2008) 910; Sullivan (2010) 151-2.
1026:
33 (1940) 271–788; C. Zuckerman, 'The Compendium of Syrianus Magister',
2915:
2775:
2765:
2598:
2588:
2298:
1418:
Literacy, Education and Manuscript Transmission in Byzantium and Beyond
718:
694:
555:
463:
Syrianus Magister (formerly the "Sixth-Century Byzantine Anonymous" or
342:
166:
147:
1617:
in Byzantine Military Literature' in: S. Tougher and R. Evans (edd.),
3464:
3344:
2836:
2704:
2651:
2583:
551:
472:
314:
310:
68:
268:
This article lists and briefly discusses the most important of many
2990:
2890:
2841:
2699:
2631:
2419:
673:
449:
exercised a profound influence upon the subsequent Byzantine genre.
298:
93:
835:
and the Ancients: the Late Antique Reception of Aelian and Arrian"
747:
and the Ancients: the Late Antique Reception of Aelian and Arrian"
3356:
3242:
3183:
2682:
2656:
2334:
1463:
Military Texts' in: E. Jeffreys, J. Haldon and R. Cormack (edd.),
1237:
A Tenth-Century Byzantine Military Manual: The Sylloge Tacticorum
80:
533:(r. 886–912), compiled ca. 890s, comprise excerpts of Maurice's
397:) or 'Invention' is Urbicius’ own design for a type of portable
2985:
2760:
2626:
1080:
Index Lectionum in Literarum Universitate Turicensi… habendarum
476:
318:
152:
1317:
Bartusis (1997) 10–11; Haldon (1999) 5–6; Rance (2018) 264-268
950:
Maurice’s Strategikon: Handbook of Byzantine Military Strategy
403:. The attribution to Urbicius of a third work, the so-called ‘
16:
Treatises on military science produced in the Byzantine Empire
1233:
Sylloge tacticorum quae olim Inedita Leonis Tactica dicebatur
1113:
B. Baldwin, 'On the Date of the Anonymous ΠΕΡΙ ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΙΚΗΣ',
631:
612:
572:
507:
483:
442:
392:
368:
880:
R. Förster (1877), ‘Studien zu den griechischen Taktikern’,
467:) wrote a large, wide-ranging military compendium employing
3264:
1398:
Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565–1204
1058:
1011:
Glotta. Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache
988:
K. K. Müller 'Ein griechisches Fragment über Kriegswesen',
945:
411:
to Urbicius, but this is demonstrably the copyist’s error.
1091:
Ed. with Eng. trans. by Pryor and Jeffreys (2006) 455–481
1072:
Siriano. Discorsi di guerra. Testo, traduzione e commento
1488:
The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ. The Byzantine Navy ca 500 – 1204
893:
G. Greatrex, H. Elton and R. Burgess (2005), ‘Urbicius’
839:
Greek Taktika. Ancient Military Writing and its Heritage
751:
Greek Taktika. Ancient Military Writing and its Heritage
381:
is an epitome of the first part (chs. 1–32) of Arrian’s
1235:(Paris 1938); Eng. trans.: G. Chatzelis and J. Harris,
1202:
The Taktika of Leo VI. Text, Translation and Commentary
1139:
Die Kestoi des Julius Africanus und ihre Überlieferung
1074:(Bari 2010). This edition supersedes H. Köchly (ed.),
495:
a treatise on military oratory under the modern title
1100:
C. Zuckerman, 'The Compendium of Syrianus Magister',
1725:
of Nikephoros Ouranos and Military Encyclopaedism".
1653:
Siegecraft: Two Tenth-century Instructional Manuals
1332:
The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453
482:a treatise on land warfare under the modern titles
1650:
1486:Pryor, John H. and Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006).
633:στρατηγικὴ ἔκθεσις καὶ σύνταξις Νικηφόρου δεσπότου
1619:Generalship in Ancient Greece, Rome and Byzantium
776:Generalship in Ancient Greece, Rome and Byzantium
3692:
1444:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
789:Die Überlieferung der Strategemata des Polyainos
590:Three Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions
1171:
1169:
659:, focused on the late Hellenistic polyercetics.
2134:Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)
1268:
1266:
655:, a manual on siege warfare, by the so-called
297:warfare and tacticians that stretched back to
1759:
948:17] Vienna 1981); G.T. Dennis (Eng. trans.),
445:, another strategic concern of the 590s. The
249:
1415:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1175:
1166:
711:Theodore Palaiologos, Marquess of Montferrat
700:
1773:
1530:. Ancient Military Writing and its Heritage
1507:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1263:
1102:Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik
1028:Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik
897:: an edition, translation and commentary’,
414:The "Sixth-Century Byzantine Anonymous" or
1766:
1752:
1690:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1631:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1600:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1573:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1542:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1503:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1477:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1416:Holmes, Catherine; Waring, Judith (2002).
1247:
1245:
256:
242:
1701:
1347:
1275:
1204:( Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C. 2010).
860:Ancient Military Writing and its Heritage
537:arranged in a question-and-answer format.
373:) wrote a military pamphlet addressed to
1720:
1671:
1648:
1465:The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies
1329:
1306:Les Enseignements de Théodore Paléologue
558:, as well as chapters on naval warfare (
499:, long ascribed to the same "Anonymous".
363:, but with one exception, none survive.
336:
3022:
1434:
1242:
1141:( Berlin/New York 2009) 85-144 at 96-8.
961:
774:, in: S. Tougher and R. Evans (eds.),
3693:
1458:
1391:
1368:
676:, written ca. 1000. It draws upon the
3590:
3021:
2806:
2498:
2165:
1786:
1747:
1608:
1581:
1561:Brill's Companion to Aineias Tacticus
1550:
1515:
1485:
1070:Ed. with Italian trans. by I. Eramo,
854:in P. Rance and N.V. Sekunda (edd.),
837:in P. Rance and N.V. Sekunda (edd.),
818:Brill's Companion to Aineias Tacticus
816:in M. Pretzler and N. Barley (eds.),
749:in P. Rance and N.V. Sekunda (edd.),
341:Byzantine hand-siphon for projecting
2807:
1334:, University of Pennsylvania Press,
317:, and to a lesser extent Aeneas and
2509:
418:: see below under Syrianus Magister
13:
1590:. Leiden/Boston. pp. 255–286.
1563:. Leiden/Boston. pp. 290–374.
1441:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1371:Three Byzantine Military Treatises
1178:The Homilies of the Emperor Leo VI
1055:Three Byzantine Military Treatises
929:Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies
14:
3712:
3632:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
1516:Rance, Philip (2017). "Maurice's
814:in Byzantine Military Literature"
772:in Byzantine Military Literature"
3671:
1704:Byzantium and Its Army, 284–1081
1645:. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-46241-0.
766:(Paris 1930) 145–157; P. Rance,
332:
34:
2021:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
1843:Constantinian–Valentinianic era
1490:(The Medieval Mediterranean 62)
1323:
1311:
1298:
1289:
1254:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1194:
1176:Antonopoulou, Theodora (1997).
1153:
1144:
1107:
1094:
1085:
1064:
1047:
1016:
999:
982:
955:
934:
906:
3106:Great Palace of Constantinople
2847:Patriarchate of Constantinople
2166:
1621:. Edinburgh. pp. 242–263.
1161:Leonis VI Sapientis Problemata
990:Festschrift für Ludwig Urlichs
962:Różycki, Łukasz (2021-06-22).
944:, Ger. trans. E. Gamillscheg (
918:and the "Fragment of Urbicius"
887:
874:
865:
844:
823:
802:
781:
756:
731:
672:, one of the best generals of
1:
1721:Trombley, Frank (1997). "The
1706:. Stanford University Press.
1702:Treadgold, Warren T. (1995).
1348:Chatzelis, Georgios. (2019),
942:Das Strategikon des Maurikios
820:(Leiden/Boston 2017) 290-374.
725:
283:
3568:University of Constantinople
3149:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
2499:
2299:Chartoularios tou vestiariou
1988:Byzantine successor states (
1672:Sullivan, Dennis F. (2010).
1649:Sullivan, Dennis F. (2000).
862:(Gdańsk 2017) 9–64 at 29–32.
509:Ναυμαχίαι Συριανοῦ Μαγίστρου
7:
3238:Saint Catherine's Monastery
2294:Chartoularios tou sakelliou
2289:Logothetes tou stratiotikou
1787:
1729:. BRILL. pp. 261–274.
1680:. London. pp. 149–161.
1532:. Gdańsk. pp. 217–255.
1467:. Oxford. pp. 907–914.
1231:Greek text: A. Dain (ed.),
1127:2 (2000) 243-80; P. Rance,
1034:2 (2000) 243–80; P. Rance,
810:"The Reception of Aineias'
764:Les manuscrits d’Onésandros
55:'Classical' Byzantine army
10:
3717:
3701:Byzantine military manuals
3627:Neo-Byzantine architecture
3591:
2248:Comes sacrarum largitionum
1555:The Reception of Aineias'
1369:Dennis, George T. (1985).
1330:Bartusis, Mark C. (1997),
1260:Dennis (1985), pp. 139–140
1213:Haldon (1999), pp. 109–110
632:
613:
573:
508:
484:
427:attributed to the Emperor
393:
369:
3654:
3597:
3586:
3507:
3407:
3365:
3310:
3255:
3210:
3197:Sant'Apollinare in Classe
3182:
3139:
3071:
3041:
3032:
3028:
3017:
2959:
2817:
2813:
2802:
2724:
2670:
2609:
2566:
2518:
2505:
2494:
2453:
2428:
2397:
2356:
2347:
2322:
2266:
2230:
2183:
2176:
2172:
2161:
2034:
1950:
1897:
1828:
1799:
1795:
1782:
1134:Byzantinische Zeitschrift
1116:Byzantinische Zeitschrift
1041:Byzantinische Zeitschrift
900:Byzantinische Zeitschrift
653:Parangelmata Poliorcetica
2771:Droungarios of the Fleet
1639:Różycki, Łukasz (2021).
778:(Edinburgh 2022) 242–263
741:(Paris 1946); P. Rance,
617:) attributed to Emperor
345:, illumination from the
162:Droungarios of the Fleet
3285:Early Byzantine mosaics
2647:Domestic of the Schools
1286:Kazhdan (1991), p. 1709
1251:Kazhdan (1991), p. 1980
1222:Kazhdan (1991), p. 2008
475:and to a lesser extent
229:Walls of Constantinople
116:Domestic of the Schools
22:Part of a series on the
3602:Byzantine commonwealth
2364:Praetorian prefectures
2284:Logothetes tou genikou
2258:Quaestor sacri palatii
2253:Comes rerum privatarum
2026:Fall of Constantinople
1965:Sack of Constantinople
1609:Rance, Philip (2022).
1582:Rance, Philip (2018).
1551:Rance, Philip (2017).
1272:Kazhdan (1991), p. 615
871:Bartusis (1997), p. 10
841:(Gdańsk 2017) 217–255.
753:(Gdańsk 2017) 217–255.
701:
648:of Nikephoros Ouranos.
608:De velitatione bellica
592:", an appendix to the
355:
187:revolts and civil wars
3302:Komnenian renaissance
3297:Macedonian period art
3202:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
3174:Walls of Thessaloniki
2274:Logothetes tou dromou
1889:Twenty Years' Anarchy
1853:Valentinianic dynasty
1848:Constantinian dynasty
1459:McGeer, Eric (2008).
1401:. London: UCL Press.
1180:. BRILL. p. 10.
340:
3499:Units of measurement
3233:Panagia Gorgoepikoos
3126:Pammakaristos Church
2974:Corpus Juris Civilis
2925:Missionary activity
2384:Exarchate of Ravenna
2210:Imperial bureaucracy
1295:Rance (2018) 257-260
1044:100.2 (2007) 701-737
638:Nikephoros II Phokas
619:Nikephoros II Phokas
454:De Militari Scientia
290:Eastern Roman Empire
202:Strategy and tactics
89:Palaiologan-era army
3023:Culture and society
2886:Ecumenical councils
2389:Exarchate of Africa
2379:Quaestura exercitus
2243:Magister officiorum
2238:Praetorian prefects
1881:Byzantine Dark Ages
1678:The Byzantine World
1200:G.T. Dennis (ed.),
1076:Rhetorica Militaris
1053:G.T. Dennis (ed.),
952:(Philadelphia 1984)
940:G.T. Dennis (ed.),
916:Etymologicum Magnum
884:12:426–71 at 467–71
627:Praecepta militaria
583:Praecepta Militaria
497:Rhetorica Militaris
465:Anonymus Byzantinus
416:Anonymus Byzantinus
3440:Flags and insignia
3086:Baths of Zeuxippus
2969:Codex Theodosianus
2859:Oriental Orthodoxy
1817:Later Roman Empire
1657:. Dumbarton Oaks.
1436:Kazhdan, Alexander
1352:Sylloge Tacticorum
1304:C. Knowles (ed.),
923:2010-06-14 at the
799:19 (2012) 157–163.
709:) was written by
670:Nikephoros Ouranos
568:Sylloge Tacticorum
356:
270:military treatises
76:Komnenian-era army
43:Structural history
3688:
3687:
3650:
3649:
3607:Byzantine studies
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3393:Alexander Romance
3251:
3250:
3228:Nea Moni of Chios
3091:Blachernae Palace
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
2979:Code of Justinian
2827:Eastern Orthodoxy
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2720:
2719:
2594:Scholae Palatinae
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2455:Foreign relations
2449:
2448:
2343:
2342:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
1956:(1204–1453)
1427:978-90-04-12096-9
1373:. Washington DC:
1187:978-90-04-10814-1
1104:40 (1990) 209–224
975:978-90-04-46255-7
931:47 (2007) 193–224
657:Hero of Byzantium
353:Hero of Byzantium
295:Greek-Hellenistic
266:
265:
3708:
3675:
3588:
3587:
3531:Imperial Library
3477:Byzantine Greeks
3218:Daphni Monastery
3169:Panagia Chalkeon
3164:Hagios Demetrios
3131:Prison of Anemas
3081:Basilica Cistern
3039:
3038:
3030:
3029:
3019:
3018:
2874:West Syriac Rite
2864:Alexandrian Rite
2815:
2814:
2808:Religion and law
2804:
2803:
2739:Maritime themata
2695:Palaiologan army
2548:Military manuals
2516:
2515:
2507:
2506:
2496:
2495:
2354:
2353:
2330:Megas logothetes
2181:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2162:
2036:By modern region
1957:
1904:
1903:(717–1204)
1835:
1797:
1796:
1784:
1783:
1775:Byzantine Empire
1768:
1761:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1717:
1695:
1689:
1681:
1668:
1656:
1636:
1630:
1622:
1605:
1599:
1591:
1578:
1572:
1564:
1547:
1541:
1533:
1512:
1502:
1494:
1482:
1476:
1468:
1455:
1431:
1412:
1388:
1365:
1344:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1273:
1270:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1240:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1173:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1121:Byzantinoslavica
1111:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1068:
1062:
1051:
1045:
1020:
1014:
1003:
997:
996:(Besançon 2018).
986:
980:
979:
959:
953:
938:
932:
910:
904:
891:
885:
878:
872:
869:
863:
848:
842:
827:
821:
806:
800:
785:
779:
760:
754:
735:
704:
635:
634:
616:
615:
576:
575:
574:συλλογὴ τακτικῶν
511:
510:
490:De Re Strategica
487:
486:
485:Περὶ Στρατηγικῆς
396:
395:
372:
371:
278:Byzantine Empire
276:produced in the
274:military science
258:
251:
244:
220:Military manuals
176:Campaign history
111:Magister militum
38:
19:
18:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3681:
3646:
3622:Cyrillic script
3593:
3574:
3519:
3503:
3403:
3385:Digenes Akritas
3361:
3306:
3247:
3211:Other locations
3206:
3178:
3135:
3067:
3056:Cross-in-square
3024:
3005:
2955:
2809:
2790:
2716:
2666:
2662:Varangian Guard
2605:
2579:East Roman army
2574:Late Roman army
2562:
2501:
2482:
2445:
2424:
2393:
2339:
2318:
2314:Epi ton deeseon
2304:Epi tou eidikou
2262:
2226:
2168:
2149:
2136:
2039:
2037:
2030:
2016:Palaiologan era
1958:
1955:
1946:
1917:Nikephorian era
1905:
1902:
1893:
1836:
1834:(330–717)
1833:
1824:
1804:
1791:
1778:
1772:
1737:
1714:
1683:
1682:
1665:
1624:
1623:
1593:
1592:
1566:
1565:
1535:
1534:
1496:
1495:
1470:
1469:
1452:
1428:
1409:
1385:
1363:
1342:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1174:
1167:
1159:A. Dain (ed.),
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1069:
1065:
1052:
1048:
1021:
1017:
1013:86 (2010) 63-92
1004:
1000:
987:
983:
976:
960:
956:
939:
935:
925:Wayback Machine
911:
907:
892:
888:
879:
875:
870:
866:
849:
845:
828:
824:
807:
803:
786:
782:
761:
757:
736:
732:
728:
614:περὶ παραδρομῆς
600:Constantine VII
588:The so-called "
579:Constantine VII
560:peri naumachias
531:Leo VI the Wise
529:of the Emperor
400:cheval de frise
361:Palaiologan era
335:
323:Friedrich Haase
303:Aeneas Tacticus
286:
262:
126:Stratopedarches
101:Varangian Guard
51:East Roman army
17:
12:
11:
5:
3714:
3704:
3703:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3154:Byzantine Bath
3151:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3073:Constantinople
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3026:
3025:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2832:Byzantine Rite
2823:
2821:
2811:
2810:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2712:Grand domestic
2709:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2678:Komnenian army
2674:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2553:Military units
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2523:Battle tactics
2519:
2513:
2503:
2502:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2215:Medieval Greek
2207:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2184:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1970:Fourth Crusade
1961:
1959:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1927:Macedonian era
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1860:Theodosian era
1857:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1839:
1837:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1793:
1792:
1780:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1718:
1712:
1699:
1696:
1669:
1663:
1646:
1637:
1606:
1579:
1548:
1513:
1483:
1456:
1450:
1438:, ed. (1991).
1432:
1426:
1413:
1407:
1389:
1383:
1375:Dumbarton Oaks
1366:
1361:
1345:
1340:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1297:
1288:
1274:
1262:
1253:
1241:
1239:(London 2017).
1224:
1215:
1206:
1193:
1186:
1165:
1152:
1143:
1125:Bizantinistica
1106:
1093:
1084:
1063:
1046:
1032:Bizantinistica
1015:
998:
981:
974:
954:
933:
905:
886:
873:
864:
852:"Introduction"
843:
822:
801:
787:F. Schindler,
780:
755:
729:
727:
724:
723:
722:
715:Jean de Vignay
698:
685:
660:
649:
622:
603:
586:
563:
538:
522:
521:
516:
515:
514:
513:
500:
493:
461:
452:The so-called
450:
419:
412:
334:
331:
285:
282:
264:
263:
261:
260:
253:
246:
238:
235:
234:
233:
232:
225:Fortifications
222:
217:
212:
204:
203:
199:
198:
195:Constantinople
178:
177:
173:
172:
171:
170:
164:
155:
150:
144:Byzantine navy
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
128:
123:
121:Grand Domestic
118:
113:
103:
98:
97:
96:
86:
85:
84:
73:
72:
71:
66:
61:
53:
45:
44:
40:
39:
31:
30:
28:Byzantine army
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3713:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3589:
3585:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3526:Encyclopedias
3524:
3523:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Hellenization
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:Everyday life
3406:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3380:Acritic songs
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3223:Hosios Loukas
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3016:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
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2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:Monophysitism
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:Armenian Rite
2867:
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2829:
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2825:
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2822:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2801:
2787:
2786:Naval battles
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
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2759:
2755:
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2577:
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2536:
2534:
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2514:
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2508:
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2479:
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2346:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:Protasekretis
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
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2259:
2256:
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2196:
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2182:
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2171:
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2160:
2146:
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2141:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
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2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1937:Komnenian era
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:Heraclian era
1873:
1871:
1870:Justinian era
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1832:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1738:
1736:90-04-10830-0
1732:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1713:0-8047-3163-2
1709:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1664:0-88402-270-6
1660:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:Sekunda, N.V.
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1451:0-19-504652-8
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1408:1-85728-495-X
1404:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1384:0-88402-140-8
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1362:9781138596016
1358:
1355:, Routledge,
1354:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1341:0-8122-1620-2
1337:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1314:
1308:(London 1983)
1307:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1257:
1248:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1203:
1197:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1162:
1156:
1147:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1097:
1088:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1008:
1002:
995:
991:
985:
977:
971:
967:
966:
958:
951:
947:
943:
937:
930:
926:
922:
919:
917:
909:
902:
901:
896:
890:
883:
877:
868:
861:
857:
853:
847:
840:
836:
834:
826:
819:
815:
813:
805:
798:
794:
790:
784:
777:
773:
771:
765:
759:
752:
748:
746:
740:
734:
730:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
699:
696:
692:
691:
686:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
666:
661:
658:
654:
650:
647:
643:
639:
636:) of Emperor
629:
628:
623:
620:
610:
609:
604:
601:
597:
596:
595:De Ceremoniis
591:
587:
584:
580:
570:
569:
564:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:
539:
536:
532:
528:
524:
523:
518:
517:
505:
501:
498:
494:
491:
481:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
444:
439:
434:
430:
426:
425:
420:
417:
413:
410:
406:
402:
401:
390:
386:
385:
380:
376:
366:
365:
364:
362:
354:
350:
349:
344:
339:
333:List of works
330:
329:(1896-1964).
328:
327:Alphonse Dain
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
281:
279:
275:
271:
259:
254:
252:
247:
245:
240:
239:
237:
236:
230:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
215:Siege warfare
213:
211:
208:
207:
206:
205:
201:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:
175:
174:
168:
165:
163:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
145:
142:
141:
140:
139:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
102:
99:
95:
92:
91:
90:
87:
82:
79:
78:
77:
74:
70:
67:
65:
62:
60:
57:
56:
54:
52:
49:
48:
47:
46:
42:
41:
37:
33:
32:
29:
26:
25:
21:
20:
3391:
3159:Hagia Sophia
3141:Thessalonica
3116:Hagia Sophia
3096:Chora Church
3034:Architecture
2911:Great Schism
2901:Paulicianism
2879:Miaphysitism
2734:Karabisianoi
2547:
2038:or territory
1998:Thessalonica
1982:Latin Empire
1977:Frankokratia
1952:
1912:Isaurian era
1899:
1830:
1815:
1811:Roman Empire
1801:
1726:
1722:
1703:
1677:
1673:
1652:
1640:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1587:
1583:
1560:
1557:Poliorketika
1556:
1552:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1491:
1487:
1464:
1460:
1439:
1417:
1397:
1393:Haldon, John
1370:
1353:
1349:
1331:
1324:Bibliography
1313:
1305:
1300:
1291:
1256:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1201:
1196:
1177:
1163:(Paris 1935)
1160:
1155:
1146:
1138:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1054:
1049:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1010:
1001:
993:
989:
984:
964:
957:
949:
941:
936:
928:
915:
908:
898:
894:
889:
881:
876:
867:
859:
855:
846:
838:
832:
825:
817:
812:Poliorketika
811:
804:
796:
792:
788:
783:
775:
769:
763:
758:
750:
744:
738:
733:
706:
688:
681:
677:
663:
652:
645:
625:
606:
593:
582:
566:
559:
547:
541:
534:
526:
503:
496:
489:
464:
457:
453:
446:
422:
415:
408:
404:
398:
388:
382:
378:
375:Anastasius I
357:
348:Poliorcetica
346:
287:
267:
219:
131:Protostrator
3642:Megali Idea
3617:Byzantinism
3320:Agriculture
3111:Hagia Irene
2944:Kievan Rus'
2921:Mount Athos
2744:Cibyrrhaeot
2688:Vestiaritai
2543:Mercenaries
2420:Catepanates
2279:Sakellarios
2198:Family tree
2123:Mesopotamia
1942:Angelid era
1922:Amorian era
1615:Strategikos
1518:Strategicon
833:Strategicon
831:"Maurice's
770:Strategikos
745:Strategicon
743:"Maurice's
690:Strategikon
680:, Leo VI's
642:cataphracts
598:of Emperor
548:Strategikon
535:Strategikon
458:Strategikon
447:Strategikon
424:Strategikon
409:Strategikon
405:Cynegeticus
384:Ars Tactica
3637:Third Rome
3563:University
3546:Philosophy
3536:Inventions
3399:Historians
3367:Literature
3350:Varangians
3192:San Vitale
3121:Hippodrome
3101:City Walls
3001:Mutilation
2996:Hexabiblos
2916:Bogomilism
2906:Iconoclasm
2776:Megas doux
2766:Greek fire
2749:Aegean Sea
2622:Kleisourai
2599:Excubitors
2589:Bucellarii
2441:Despotates
2410:Kleisourai
2349:Provincial
2193:Coronation
2167:Governance
1932:Doukid era
1865:Leonid era
1005:P. Rance,
912:P. Rance,
895:Epitedeuma
850:P. Rance,
829:P. Rance,
808:P. Rance,
726:References
719:Montferrat
695:Kekaumenos
556:Hungarians
527:Problemata
394:Ἐπιτήδευμα
389:Epitedeuma
367:Urbicius (
343:Greek fire
284:Background
167:Megas doux
148:Greek fire
3465:Octoechos
3345:Silk Road
2837:Hesychasm
2705:Paramonai
2652:Hetaireia
2584:Foederati
2473:Diplomacy
2468:Diplomats
2374:Provinces
2203:Empresses
2006:Trebizond
1802:Preceding
1686:cite book
1627:cite book
1596:cite book
1569:cite book
1538:cite book
1499:cite book
1493:. Leiden.
1473:cite book
1420:. BRILL.
968:. BRILL.
858:Taktika.
762:A. Dain,
737:A. Dain,
678:Praecepta
552:Onasander
504:Naumachia
473:Onosander
370:Οὐρβίκιος
315:Polyaenus
311:Onasander
181:Lists of
69:Hetaireia
3695:Category
3558:Scholars
3551:Rhetoric
3541:Medicine
3516:Learning
3415:Calendar
3292:Painters
2991:Basilika
2929:Bulgaria
2891:Arianism
2842:Hayhurum
2819:Religion
2781:Admirals
2700:Allagion
2632:Droungos
2538:Generals
2500:Military
2463:Treaties
2369:Dioceses
2188:Emperors
2101:Sardinia
2081:Dalmatia
2061:Bulgaria
2051:Anatolia
2010:Theodoro
2004: /
2000: /
1992: /
1524:(eds.).
1395:(1999).
921:Archived
903:98:35–74
797:Electrum
674:Basil II
379:Tacticon
299:Xenophon
158:Admirals
106:Generals
3667:Outline
3612:Museums
3512:Science
3489:Slavery
3445:Gardens
3425:Cuisine
3357:Dynatoi
3325:Coinage
3312:Economy
3280:Mosaics
3243:Mystras
3184:Ravenna
3046:Secular
2934:Moravia
2683:Pronoia
2657:Akritai
2642:Tagmata
2617:Themata
2558:Revolts
2528:Battles
2436:Kephale
2405:Themata
2335:Mesazon
2177:Central
2113:Maghreb
2066:Corsica
2056:Armenia
2046:Albania
1789:History
1723:Taktika
1528:Taktika
793:Tactica
682:Tactica
665:Tactica
646:Tactica
543:Tactica
469:Aelians
429:Maurice
210:Tactics
191:battles
94:allagia
81:pronoia
64:tagmata
3677:Portal
3592:Impact
3472:People
3420:Cities
3270:Enamel
3051:Sacred
2986:Ecloga
2852:Saints
2761:Dromon
2637:Bandon
2627:Tourma
2610:Middle
2533:Beacon
2415:Bandon
2398:Middle
2267:Middle
2222:Senate
2145:Thrace
2128:Serbia
2106:Sicily
2091:Greece
2076:Cyprus
1994:Epirus
1990:Nicaea
1900:Middle
1777:topics
1733:
1710:
1661:
1526:Greek
1448:
1424:
1405:
1381:
1359:
1338:
1184:
972:
882:Hermes
477:Arrian
433:Aelian
319:Arrian
307:Aelian
189:, and
153:Dromon
59:themes
3662:Index
3494:Death
3484:Women
3455:Music
3435:Dress
3430:Dance
3375:Novel
3335:Trade
3330:Mints
3275:Glass
3265:Icons
3061:Domes
2939:Serbs
2754:Samos
2567:Early
2357:Early
2231:Early
2140:Syria
2118:Malta
2096:Italy
2086:Egypt
2071:Crete
2002:Morea
1831:Early
856:Greek
443:Slavs
3460:Lyra
3340:silk
2951:Jews
2726:Navy
2671:Late
2511:Army
2478:Wars
2429:Late
2323:Late
1953:Late
1731:ISBN
1708:ISBN
1692:link
1659:ISBN
1633:link
1602:link
1575:link
1544:link
1509:link
1505:link
1479:link
1446:ISBN
1422:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1379:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1336:ISBN
1182:ISBN
1059:CFHB
1024:Klio
970:ISBN
946:CFHB
914:The
687:The
662:The
651:The
624:The
605:The
565:The
540:The
525:The
502:the
471:and
438:Avar
421:The
313:and
301:and
288:The
183:wars
3257:Art
2961:Law
795:",
693:of
668:of
488:or
351:of
272:on
3697::
1688:}}
1684:{{
1629:}}
1625:{{
1598:}}
1594:{{
1571:}}
1567:{{
1540:}}
1536:{{
1501:}}
1497:{{
1475:}}
1471:{{
1377:.
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1265:^
1244:^
1168:^
1131:,
1038:,
1009:,
927:,
562:).
512:).
309:,
280:.
185:,
146::
2012:)
2008:–
1996:–
1883:"
1879:"
1767:e
1760:t
1753:v
1739:.
1716:.
1694:)
1674:'
1667:.
1635:)
1611:'
1604:)
1584:'
1577:)
1553:'
1546:)
1511:)
1481:)
1461:'
1454:.
1430:.
1411:.
1387:.
1190:.
1057:(
978:.
705:(
630:(
611:(
602:.
585:.
571:(
391:(
257:e
250:t
243:v
231:)
227:(
197:)
193:(
169:)
160:(
83:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
