187:
977:
341:
criticized the method used by the Leiden
Ranking to normalize citation impact by subject field. The mean normalized citation score (MNCS) indicator is based on the ISI subject category classification used in Web of Science, which was "not designed for the scientometric evaluation, but for the purpose
166:
and institutional size. Multiple ranking lists are released according to various bibliometric normalization and impact indicators, including the number of publications, citations per publication, and field-normalized impact per publication. In addition to citation impact, the Leiden
Ranking also
170:
The first edition of the Leiden
Ranking was produced in 2007. The 2014 rankings include 750 universities worldwide, which were selected based on the number of articles and reviews published by authors affiliated with those institutions in 2009–2012 in so-called "core" journals, a set of
285:– mean normalized citation score. The average number of citations of the publications of a university, normalized for field differences and publication year. For example, an MNCS value of 2 means that the publications of a university have been cited twice above world average.
342:
of information retrieval". Also, normalizing at a higher aggregation level, rather than at the level of individual publications, gives more weight to older publications, particularly reviews, and to publications in fields where citation levels are traditionally higher.
291:– proportion of top 10% publications. The proportion of the publications of a university that belong to the top 10% most frequently cited, compared with other publications in the same field and in the same year.
212:
was first by citation impact, as measured by both mean citation score and mean normalized citation score, as well as by the proportion of papers belonging to the top 10% in their field. Notably, the
174:
According to the
Netherlands Centre for Science and Technology Studies, the crown indicator is Indicator 4 (PP top 10%), and is the only one presented in university rankings by the Swiss
304:– proportion of interinstitutionally collaborative publications. The proportion of the publications of a university that have been co-authored with one or more other organizations.
328:– proportion of long-distance collaborative publications. The proportion of the publications of a university with a geographical collaboration distance of more than 1000 km.
322:– proportion of short-distance collaborative publications. The proportion of the publications of a university with a geographical collaboration distance of less than 100 km.
708:
316:– proportion of collaborative publications with industry. The proportion of the publications of a university that have been co-authored with one or more industrial partners.
235:
When measuring by collaboration with other universities (the proportion of number of publications co-authored with other institutions), the top three spots were occupied by
703:
738:
875:
310:– proportion of internationally collaborative publications. The proportion of the publications of a university that have been co-authored by two or more countries.
175:
934:
204:
universities dominate the rankings, with 16 out of the top 25 universities ranked being in China., while in previous years, the top was heavily dominated by
919:
748:
660:
947:
613:
728:
225:
914:
764:
790:
167:
ranks universities by scientific collaboration, including collaboration with other institutions and collaboration with an industry partner.
698:
924:
887:
774:
733:
769:
743:
904:
1001:
981:
909:
865:
653:
171:
English-language journals with international scope and a "sufficiently large" number of references in the Web of
Science database.
831:
683:
487:
929:
899:
795:
688:
853:
841:
646:
892:
870:
848:
821:
807:
802:
826:
836:
669:
124:
595:
Normalization, CWTS indicators, and the Leiden
Rankings: Differences in citation behavior at the level of fields
158:
The Leiden
Ranking ranks universities worldwide by number of academic publications according to the volume and
941:
723:
236:
713:
229:
813:
608:
954:
1011:
880:
248:
718:
162:
of the publications at those institutions. The rankings take into account differences in language,
217:
1006:
961:
858:
209:
190:
163:
399:
279:– mean citation score. The average number of citations of the publications of a university.
252:
213:
364:
8:
148:
403:
131:
indicators. The rankings are compiled by the Centre for
Science and Technology Studies (
561:
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492:, Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University, 16 July 2012
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152:
132:
529:
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The Leiden
Ranking 2011/2012: Data collection, indicators, and interpretation
995:
638:
224:
universities score much lower than in other university rankings, such as the
205:
128:
547:
421:
256:
186:
144:
85:
440:
412:
387:
267:
The Leiden
Ranking ranks universities by the following indicators:
259:
led the list in 2014 when measured by international collaboration.
232:, which are based in part on reputational surveys among academics.
593:
520:
633:
386:
van Raan, Ton; van Leeuwen, Thed; Visser, Martijn (2011-01-06).
106:
709:
Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities
468:. Universiteit Leiden Centre for Science and Technology Studies
443:. Universiteit Leiden Centre for Science and Technology Studies
367:. Universiteit Leiden Centre for Science and Technology Studies
247:, the United Kingdom and a number of other European countries.
244:
240:
201:
155:
is used as the source of the publication and citation data.
739:
U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking
704:
Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities
564:. State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation.
504:"Testing differences statistically with the Leiden ranking"
385:
176:
State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation
876:
Going broke universities – Disappearing universities
501:
359:
357:
355:
137:Centrum voor Wetenschap en Technologische Studies
993:
729:Times Higher Education World University Rankings
226:Times Higher Education World University Rankings
668:
352:
654:
30:Mark Neijssel, Nees Jan van Eck, Ludo Waltman
460:
458:
925:Center for Measuring University Performance
610:Global University Rankings And Their Impact
295:
734:University Ranking by Academic Performance
661:
647:
744:Webometrics Ranking of World Universities
537:
519:
455:
435:
433:
431:
411:
592:Leydesdorff, Loet & Opthof, Tobias,
365:""Data collection", CWTS Leiden Ranking"
185:
620:, European University Association, 2011
243:in 2014, followed by universities from
994:
684:Academic Ranking of World Universities
502:Leydesdorff, L.; Bornmann, L. (2012).
428:
388:"Non-English papers decrease rankings"
749:World's Universities with Real Impact
642:
930:Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index
796:Excellence in Research for Australia
689:Center for World University Rankings
576:"CWTS Leiden Ranking - Ranking 2023"
208:universities. In the 2014 rankings,
466:""Indicators", CWTS Leiden Ranking"
13:
634:Website of the CWTS Leiden Ranking
270:
14:
1023:
627:
178:website (UniversityRankings.ch).
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239:and two other institutions from
16:Annual global university ranking
1002:University and college rankings
601:
586:
568:
554:
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379:
1:
724:SCImago Institutions Rankings
345:
262:
237:National Yang-Ming University
948:U.S. News & World Report
714:QS World University Rankings
332:
230:QS World University Rankings
193:was ranked first in 2014 by
7:
69:; 18 years ago
10:
1028:
670:University ranking systems
181:
973:
881:Truly Strong Universities
783:
757:
699:Global University Ranking
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530:10.1007/s11192-012-0636-6
249:King Abdulaziz University
101:
91:
81:
63:
52:
44:
34:
26:
719:Round University Ranking
296:Scientific collaboration
218:University of Cambridge
151:bibliographic database
486:Waltman, Ludo et al.,
210:Rockefeller University
197:
191:Rockefeller University
962:What Will They Learn?
607:Andrejs Rauhvargers,
189:
127:based exclusively on
942:The Princeton Review
562:"The Leiden Ranking"
326:PP(>1000 km)
253:King Saud University
214:University of Oxford
123:is an annual global
694:CWTS Leiden Ranking
580:CWTS Leiden Ranking
404:2011Natur.469...34V
337:In a 2010 article,
320:PP(<100 km)
149:Clarivate Analytics
121:CWTS Leiden Ranking
23:
21:CWTS Leiden Ranking
955:Washington Monthly
616:2014-12-22 at the
198:
125:university ranking
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153:Web of Science
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470:. Retrieved
445:. Retrieved
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369:. Retrieved
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257:Saudi Arabia
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200:As of 2023,
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129:bibliometric
120:
118:
20:
289:PP(top 10%)
145:Netherlands
139:, CWTS) at
86:Netherlands
64:First issue
996:Categories
832:Wu Shulian
398:(34): 34.
346:References
302:PP(collab)
263:Indicators
164:discipline
35:Categories
814:Maclean's
791:Australia
521:1112.4037
333:Criticism
53:Publisher
45:Frequency
982:Category
900:Pakistan
784:National
758:Regional
614:Archived
548:22904580
422:21209649
206:American
92:Language
854:Germany
539:3416977
472:15 June
447:15 June
400:Bibcode
371:15 June
222:British
202:Chinese
182:Results
143:in the
102:Website
96:English
82:Country
72: (
936:Forbes
905:Russia
888:Mexico
849:France
842:Netbig
808:Canada
803:Brazil
677:Global
598:, 2010
546:
536:
420:
392:Nature
245:France
241:Taiwan
216:, the
147:. The
48:Annual
27:Editor
871:Japan
866:India
822:China
516:arXiv
133:Dutch
893:ECUM
837:CUAA
827:BCUR
544:PMID
474:2014
449:2014
418:PMID
373:2014
283:MNCS
251:and
228:and
119:The
111:.com
74:2006
67:2006
859:CHE
534:PMC
526:doi
408:doi
396:469
277:MCS
255:in
107:www
998::
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