1142:, additionally includes the following CYP2C19 alleles: *4.001 (*4A), *4.002 (*4B), *5, *6, *7, *8, *9, *10, and *35, all of them associated with diminished enzyme activity. Although these tier 2 alleles are included in many platforms, they were not included in the tier 1 recommendations because of low minor allele frequency (which can increase false-positive occurrences), less well-characterized impact on CYP2C19 function, or a lack of reference materials. In partnership with the clinical testing community, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the Genetic Testing Reference Material Program to meet the need for publicly available characterized reference materials. Its goal is to improve the supply of publicly available and well-characterized genomic DNA used as reference materials for proficiency testing, quality control, test development/validation, and research studies.
1123:
A key aspect of these CPIC guidelines is the translation of genotype to phenotype, a process that relies on the "star" nomenclature system maintained by the
Pharmacogene Variation Consortium assigns labels to known polymorphisms that affect drug response. A label consists of a star (asterisk) character (*) followed by a number. The most common variant (also called wild type) has "CYP2C19*1" label. The variant genotypes of CYP2C19*2 (NM_000769.2:c.681GA; p.Pro227Pro; rs4244285), CYP2C19*3 (NM_000769.2:c.636G>A; p.Trp212Ter; rs4986893) and CYP2C19*17 (NM_000769.2:c.-806C>T; rs12248560) are major factors attributed to interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics and response to CYP2C19 substrates.
1224:, a CYP2C19 substrate. Other studies concluded that the *17 allele seems to be the factor responsible for lower response to some drugs, even at higher doses, for example, to escitalopram for symptom remission in major depressive disorder patients. CYP2C19*17 carrier status is significantly associated with enhanced response to clopidogrel and an increased risk of bleeding; the highest risk was observed for CYP2C19*17 homozygous patients. A study found that escitalopram serum concentration was 42% lower in patients homozygous for CYP2C19*17. An important limitation of all these studies is the single-gene analysis, since most drugs that are metabolized by CYP2C19 are also metabolized by
1247:"prodrug", a drug that is inactive when taken, and then depends on the action of an enzyme in the body to be activated. In patients with a gene of reduced activity, clopidogrel may not be metabolized to its biologically active form and therefore not achieve pharmacological effect in the body. The relative risk of major cardiac events among patients treated with clopidogrel is 1.53 to 3.69 times higher for carriers of CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 compared with non-carriers. A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis also confirmed that the CYP2C19*2 variant has a strong association with clopidogrel resistance. In 2021 a higher risk of stroke at 90 days was found with clopidogrel than
209:
184:
417:
31:
215:
4409:
6002:
2206:
2201:
to metabolize many xenobiotics, including the anticonvulsive drug mephenytoin, omeprazole, diazepam and some barbiturates. Polymorphism within this gene is associated with variable ability to metabolize mephenytoin, known as the poor metabolizer and extensive metabolizer phenotypes. The gene is located within a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 10q24.
2200:
This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is known
1122:
The
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) provides therapeutic guidelines that are widely utilized to suggest suitable treatment plans. These recommendations are particularly relevant for patients requiring antiplatelet medication and are based on the results of genotype testing.
1246:
The alleles CYP2C19*2 and *3 may reduce the efficacy of clopidogrel (Plavix), an antiplatelet medication. The basis for this reduced effect of clopidogrel in patients who have a gene of reduced activity may seem somewhat paradoxical, but can be understood as follows. Clopidogrel is administered as a
1153:
populations. Among Arab population, the frequency of CYP2C19 genotypes including *1/*17, *1/*2, *2/*2, *3/*3, and *1/*3 were 20.2%, 16.7%, 6.1%, 5.45%, 0.7%, and 0.35%, respectively. In a study of 2.29 million direct-to-consumer genetics research participants, the overall frequencies of *2, *3, and
1219:
is modest, particularly compared to the impact of loss-of-function alleles (*2, *3), therefore, in case of these medications, the EM designation is sometimes applied instead of the UM one. For example, carriers of the *17 allele did not demonstrate different gastric pH comparing to *1 after taking
1190:
Although the amount of CYP2C19 enzyme produced by the *17 allele is greater than of the *1 allele, whether the carriers of the *17 allele experience any significant difference in response to drugs compared to the wild-type, is a topic of ongoing research, studies show varying results. Some studies
1186:
On the basis of their ability to metabolize (S)-mephenytoin or other CYP2C19 substrates, individuals can be classified as ultrarapid metabolizers (UM), extensive metabolizers (EM) or poor metabolizers (PM). In the case of proton pump inhibitors, PMs exhibit a drug exposure that is 3 to 13 times
1242:
gene. In order for the studies on CYP2C19*17 to be conclusive, the differences in other genes that affect drug response have to be excluded. The prevalence of the CYP2C19*17 variant is less than 5% in Asian populations and is approximately four times higher in
European and African populations.
57:
2629:
Sim SC, Risinger C, Dahl ML, Aklillu E, Christensen M, Bertilsson L, Ingelman-Sundberg M (January 2006). "A common novel CYP2C19 gene variant causes ultrarapid drug metabolism relevant for the drug response to proton pump inhibitors and antidepressants".
1134:) results in increased activity. The Working Group of the Association for Molecular Pathology Clinical Practice Committee recommended these three variant alleles to be included in the minimal clinical pharmacogenomic testing panel, called
1158:
were *1/*17 at 26% and *1/*2 at 19.4%. The less common *2/*17, *17/*17 and *2/*2 genotypes occurred at 6.0%, 4.4%, and 2.5%, respectively. Overall, 58.3% of participants had at least one increased-function or no-function CYP2C19 allele.
1162:
CYP2C19 is involved in processing or metabolizing at least 10% of commonly prescribed drugs. Variations to the enzyme can have a wide range of impacts to drug metabolism. In patients with an abnormal CYP2C19 variant certain
2566:
Ibeanu GC, Goldstein JA, Meyer U, Benhamou S, Bouchardy C, Dayer P, et al. (September 1998). "Identification of new human CYP2C19 alleles (CYP2C19*6 and CYP2C19*2B) in a
Caucasian poor metabolizer of mephenytoin".
222:
1007:
The gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. Enzymes in the CYP2C subfamily, including CYP2C19, account for approximately 20% of cytochrome P450 in the adult liver. These proteins are
4045:
3819:
Alkattan A, Alsalameen E. "Polymorphisms of genes related to phase-I metabolic enzymes affecting the clinical efficacy and safety of clopidogrel treatment". Expert Opin Drug Metab
Toxicol. 2021 May 15:1–11.
3560:
1187:
higher than that of EMs. Loss-of-function alleles, CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 (and others, which are the subject of ongoing research) predict PMs, and the gain-of-function CYP2C19*17 allele predicts UMs.
509:
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
1115:
is a study that analyzes how an individual's genetic makeup affects the response to drugs of this individual. There are many common genetic variations that affect the expression of the
2010:
Romkes M, Faletto MB, Blaisdell JA, Raucy JL, Goldstein JA (April 1991). "Cloning and expression of complementary DNAs for multiple members of the human cytochrome P450IIC subfamily".
4254:
Wen X, Wang JS, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT (January 2002). "Isoniazid is a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2, 2A6, 2C19 and 3A4 isoforms in human liver microsomes".
3846:
Miyazawa M, Shindo M, Shimada T (May 2002). "Metabolism of (+)- and (–)–limonenes to respective carveols and perillyl alcohols by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes".
3317:
Rudberg I, Mohebi B, Hermann M, Refsum H, Molden E (February 2008). "Impact of the ultrarapid CYP2C19*17 allele on serum concentration of escitalopram in psychiatric patients".
3365:"Cyp2C19*2 Polymorphism Related to Clopidogrel Resistance in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease, Especially in the Asian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
2860:"CYP2C19 allele frequencies in over 2.2 million direct-to-consumer genetics research participants and the potential implication for prescriptions in a large health system"
1145:
The allele frequencies of CYP2C19*2 and *3 are significantly higher in
Chinese populations than in European or African populations, and are found at approximately 3–5% of
2594:
Fukushima-Uesaka H, Saito Y, Maekawa K, Ozawa S, Hasegawa R, Kajio H, et al. (August 2005). "Genetic variations and haplotypes of CYP2C19 in a
Japanese population".
2716:
Bertilsson L (September 1995). "Geographical/interracial differences in polymorphic drug oxidation. Current state of knowledge of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 2D6 and 2C19".
4037:
1020:
within this gene is associated with variable ability to metabolize drugs. The gene is located within a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome no.10 arm q24.
3552:
2140:
Koukouritaki SB, Manro JR, Marsh SA, Stevens JC, Rettie AE, McCarver DG, Hines RN (March 2004). "Developmental expression of human hepatic CYP2C9 and CYP2C19".
961:
that encodes the CYP2C19 protein. CYP2C19 is a liver enzyme that acts on at least 10% of drugs in current clinical use, most notably the antiplatelet treatment
5087:
4297:
Chen XP, Tan ZR, Huang SL, Huang Z, Ou-Yang DS, Zhou HH (March 2003). "Isozyme-specific induction of low-dose aspirin on cytochrome P450 in healthy subjects".
3221:"Cytochrome 2C19*17 allelic variant, platelet aggregation, bleeding events, and stent thrombosis in clopidogrel-treated patients with coronary stent placement"
2312:
Fischer R, Konkel A, Mehling H, Blossey K, Gapelyuk A, Wessel N, von
Schacky C, Dechend R, Muller DN, Rothe M, Luft FC, Weylandt K, Schunck WH (June 2014).
3749:
2110:
131:
661:
4207:"Effect of proton pump inhibitors on the serum concentrations of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors citalopram, escitalopram, and sertraline"
5552:
4118:"Fluoxetine- and norfluoxetine-mediated complex drug-drug interactions: in vitro to in vivo correlation of effects on CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4"
3172:"Impact of the CYP2C19*17 Allele on Outcomes in Patients Receiving Genotype-Guided Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention"
1305:
being one that causes at least a 1.25-fold but less than 2-fold increase in the plasma AUC values, or 20–50% decrease in clearance of substrates.
1012:
that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the
4996:
3773:"Gene variants in CYP2C19 are associated with altered in vivo bupropion pharmacokinetics but not bupropion-assisted smoking cessation outcomes"
2045:
Gray IC, Nobile C, Muresu R, Ford S, Spurr NK (July 1995). "A 2.4-megabase physical map spanning the CYP2C gene cluster on chromosome 10q24".
4342:
1992:
1027:
activity: it is one of the principal enzymes responsible for attacking various long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at their double (i.e.
5136:
3170:
Lee CR, Thomas CD, Beitelshees AL, Tuteja S, Empey PE, Lee JC, et al. (IGNITE Network
Pharmacogenetics Working Group) (March 2021).
1155:
4348:
3524:
3456:
5308:
3270:"The gain-of-function variant allele CYP2C19*17: a double-edged sword between thrombosis and bleeding in clopidogrel-treated patients"
1251:, which does not require metabolic conversion, among Han Chinese CYP2C19 loss-of-function carriers with minor ischemic stroke or TIA.
870:
5290:
5286:
4626:
4449:
4975:
4495:
4408:
2225:"The pharmacology of the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase/soluble epoxide hydrolase axis in the vasculature and cardiovascular disease"
1286:
5559:
5268:
4792:
6022:
4388:
4354:
3670:
1642:
3989:"Precision medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics: Evaluating the role of pharmacogenetic analysis prior to drug treatment"
5655:
5212:
5128:
3674:
3553:"Drug Interactions & Labeling – Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors, and Inducers"
1119:, which in turn influences the enzyme activity in the metabolic pathways of those drugs in which this enzyme is involved.
5453:
5152:
2946:"American Association of Clinical Chemistry Annual Meeting 2014: Utility of Genetic Testing in Practical Pain Management"
2764:
Desta Z, Zhao X, Shin JG, Flockhart DA (2002). "Clinical significance of the cytochrome P450 2C19 genetic polymorphism".
1975:
1299:
being one that causes at least a 2-fold increase in the plasma AUC values, or 50–80% decrease in clearance of substrates.
3090:
2517:"Recommendations for Clinical CYP2C19 Genotyping Allele Selection: A Report of the Association for Molecular Pathology"
5721:
5192:
2953:
4427:
2187:
5531:
2922:
2088:
5329:
5170:
5049:
4748:
1979:
1552:
1268:
1264:
4069:"Chloramphenicol is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes"
3891:"Influence of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of gliclazide MR in Chinese subjects"
5515:
5322:
4181:
2314:"Dietary omega-3 fatty acids modulate the eicosanoid profile in man primarily via the CYP-epoxygenase pathway"
2118:
1232:
enzymes. Besides that, other genes are involved in drug response, for example, escitalopram is transported by
5877:
5226:
5196:
5156:
5144:
4442:
3443:
208:
183:
54:
704:
5380:
5294:
5282:
992:
988:
119:
3940:"Effects of St John's wort and CYP2C9 genotype on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gliclazide"
221:
5432:
5132:
4800:
2809:"The CYP2C19 genotypes and its effect on clopidogrel as an anti-platelet drug among the Arab population"
214:
5992:
5315:
5254:
5250:
5238:
5234:
5230:
1081:
1071:
5978:
5965:
5952:
5939:
5926:
5913:
5900:
5862:
5618:
5503:
5272:
4381:
1131:
1127:
494:
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
110:, CPCJ, CYP2C, CYPIIC17, CYPIIC19, P450C2C, P450IIC19, cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19
106:
6027:
5872:
5826:
5769:
5687:
5425:
5372:
5367:
5222:
5073:
4470:
4435:
1333:
1043:
155:
3113:"CYP2C19 polymorphisms and outcomes of Escitalopram treatment in Brazilians with major depression"
5774:
5474:
5347:
1952:
3738:
2465:"Pharmacogene Variation Consortium: A Global Resource and Repository for Pharmacogene Variation"
1154:*17 were 15.2%, 0.3%, and 20.4%, respectively, but varied by ethnicity. The most common variant
834:
789:
5301:
5246:
5242:
5208:
5140:
4722:
2994:"Pharmacogenetics of CYP2C19: functional and clinical implications of a new variant CYP2C19*17"
1816:
1436:
1275:
1104:
are the main producers of EETs and, very likely EEQs, EDPs, and the epoxides of linoleic acid.
1017:
4169:
5795:
5714:
5538:
5044:
3743:
3482:
3415:
1836:
1787:
1764:
1180:
1077:
1013:
947:
197:
161:
139:
3219:
Sibbing D, Koch W, Gebhard D, Schuster T, Braun S, Stegherr J, et al. (February 2010).
5867:
5496:
5393:
5264:
5163:
4804:
4374:
3124:
2269:"The role of long chain fatty acids and their epoxide metabolites in nociceptive signaling"
1290:
1067:
942:
mixed-function oxidase system. This subfamily includes enzymes that catalyze metabolism of
1271:
of CYP2C19. Where classes of agents are listed, there may be exceptions within the class.
8:
5831:
5648:
5354:
5182:
4360:
3059:
3042:
2280:
1429:
3128:
2440:
2413:
5764:
5148:
4322:
4279:
4231:
4206:
4142:
4117:
3964:
3939:
3915:
3890:
3871:
3797:
3772:
3516:
3414:
Paré G, Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Anand SS, Connolly SJ, Hirsh J, et al. (October 2010).
3391:
3364:
3342:
3299:
3250:
3196:
3171:
3147:
3112:
3018:
2993:
2886:
2859:
2835:
2808:
2789:
2741:
2698:
2655:
2489:
2464:
2389:
2364:
2340:
2313:
2289:
2268:
2165:
1183:, anticonvulsants, hypnotics, sedatives, antimalarial drugs, and antiretroviral drugs.
143:
4093:
4068:
4038:"Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers"
3237:
3220:
1479:
converted into the active form by CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, and CYP2B6 enzymes.
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
4457:
4314:
4271:
4236:
4187:
4177:
4147:
4098:
4084:
4010:
3969:
3920:
3906:
3863:
3829:
3802:
3520:
3508:
3448:
3396:
3334:
3291:
3286:
3269:
3242:
3201:
3152:
3086:
3064:
3023:
3009:
2891:
2840:
2781:
2777:
2733:
2729:
2690:
2647:
2611:
2576:
2548:
2494:
2445:
2394:
2345:
2294:
2246:
2157:
2062:
2027:
1472:
1056:, linoleic acid 9:10-oxide, or leukotoxin) and 12,13-epoxy-octadecenoic (also termed
99:
47:
4326:
4283:
3303:
3254:
2793:
2702:
2659:
2169:
5810:
5805:
5779:
5707:
4306:
4263:
4226:
4218:
4137:
4129:
4088:
4080:
4000:
3959:
3951:
3910:
3902:
3875:
3855:
3821:
3792:
3784:
3498:
3438:
3430:
3386:
3376:
3346:
3326:
3281:
3232:
3191:
3183:
3142:
3132:
3054:
3013:
3005:
2881:
2871:
2858:
Ionova Y, Ashenhurst J, Zhan J, Nhan H, Kosinski C, Tamraz B, Chubb A (June 2020).
2830:
2820:
2773:
2725:
2682:
2639:
2603:
2538:
2528:
2515:
Pratt VM, Del
Tredici AL, Hachad H, Ji Y, Kalman LV, Scott SA, Weck KE (May 2018).
2484:
2476:
2435:
2425:
2384:
2376:
2335:
2325:
2284:
2276:
2236:
2149:
2054:
2019:
1909:
1602:
1548:
1260:
1112:
1039:
301:
232:
3825:
3137:
2745:
5857:
5841:
5754:
5597:
4466:
4222:
2533:
2516:
2380:
1703:
1535:
1529:
1328:
939:
276:
147:
4176:(5th ed.). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 100.
3662:
3481:
Wang Y, Meng X, Wang A, Xie X, Pan Y, Johnston SC, et al. (December 2021).
1997:
National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
416:
6006:
5895:
5836:
4905:
3771:
Zhu AZ, Zhou Q, Cox LS, Ahluwalia JS, Benowitz NL, Tyndale RF (November 2014).
2643:
2430:
1929:
1915:
1905:
1751:
1737:
1707:
1687:
1572:
1539:
1389:
1233:
1164:
1146:
1057:
4267:
3381:
2365:"Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase pathway of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism"
6016:
5800:
5759:
5680:
5584:
5545:
5467:
5460:
5446:
5406:
5387:
5361:
4191:
2463:
Gaedigk A, Casey ST, Whirl-Carrillo M, Miller NA, Klein TE (September 2021).
2210:
2184:"Entrez Gene: CYP2C19 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19"
1919:
1901:
1710:
1612:
1542:
1414:
1338:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1009:
951:
445:
3330:
2153:
394:
315:
5749:
5203:
5177:
5081:
5067:
5060:
4966:
4946:
4939:
4922:
4864:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4787:
4780:
4318:
4275:
4240:
4151:
4102:
4014:
3973:
3955:
3924:
3867:
3833:
3806:
3788:
3512:
3452:
3400:
3338:
3295:
3246:
3205:
3156:
3068:
3027:
2895:
2844:
2825:
2785:
2694:
2651:
2615:
2552:
2498:
2449:
2398:
2349:
2298:
2250:
2161:
2058:
1885:
1832:
1822:
1807:
1797:
1792:
1770:
1677:
1628:
1588:
1582:
1558:
1525:
1519:
1499:
1489:
1486:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1424:
1365:
1343:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1179:(Restoril). Other categories of drugs impacted by modified CYP2C19 include
1150:
294:
174:
30:
4116:
Sager JE, Lutz JD, Foti RS, Davis C, Kunze KL, Isoherranen N (June 2014).
3938:
Xu H, Williams KM, Liauw WS, Murray M, Day RO, McLachlan AJ (April 2008).
3503:
3434:
2945:
2737:
2580:
2412:
Shubbar Q, Alchakee A, Issa KW, Adi AJ, Shorbagi AI, Saber-Ayad M (2024).
2369:
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids
2241:
2224:
2066:
2031:
913:
5973:
5908:
5744:
4773:
4729:
4133:
3859:
2183:
1891:
1802:
1693:
1683:
1673:
1663:
1592:
1509:
1495:
1468:
1456:
1399:
1377:
1216:
1024:
970:
962:
747:
4310:
2807:
Alkattan A, Almutairi Y, Alsalameen E, Alkhalifah A, Alghanim F (2021).
2607:
2414:"From genes to drugs: CYP2C19 and pharmacogenetics in clinical practice"
2330:
2023:
4458:
4005:
3988:
2914:
2080:
1925:
1881:
1866:
1856:
1852:
1812:
1774:
1760:
1755:
1716:
1667:
1648:
1632:
1618:
1598:
1578:
1568:
1515:
1446:
1404:
1370:
1360:
1348:
1248:
1221:
1204:
1192:
978:
966:
943:
191:
127:
2876:
2686:
2543:
1130:) are associated with diminished enzyme activity, whereas CYP2C19*17 (
76:
5947:
5921:
5673:
4874:
4462:
3187:
2806:
2480:
1862:
1842:
1733:
1638:
1622:
1482:
1419:
1409:
1382:
1212:
1176:
1168:
974:
625:
260:
247:
135:
2992:
Li-Wan-Po A, Girard T, Farndon P, Cooley C, Lithgow J (March 2010).
6001:
5630:
5590:
5577:
5522:
5489:
5439:
5417:
5412:
5398:
3550:
1846:
1608:
1505:
1394:
1172:
981:
902:
3889:
Zhang Y, Si D, Chen X, Lin N, Guo Y, Zhou H, Zhong D (July 2007).
3416:"Effects of CYP2C19 genotype on outcomes of clopidogrel treatment"
5099:
5026:
5016:
5006:
4989:
4979:
4971:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4932:
4884:
4857:
4812:
4808:
4796:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4652:
4647:
4631:
4546:
4526:
2593:
2209:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1935:
1895:
1032:
996:
733:
690:
610:
606:
2673:
Wedlund PJ (September 2000). "The CYP2C19 enzyme polymorphism".
2462:
965:(Plavix), drugs that treat pain associated with ulcers, such as
123:
5960:
5730:
4766:
4762:
4752:
4738:
4734:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4521:
4516:
4500:
4490:
4485:
1285:
being one that causes at least a 5-fold increase in the plasma
1229:
1225:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1028:
935:
883:
647:
425:
4366:
1191:
have found that the *17 variant's effect on the metabolism of
5934:
5053:
4915:
4602:
4205:
Gjestad C, Westin AA, Skogvoll E, Spigset O (February 2015).
2139:
2103:
1826:
1562:
1355:
1238:
4204:
3741:[Facts for prescribers: Interaction between drugs].
2991:
2565:
5107:
3986:
2311:
2009:
1720:
1697:
958:
5699:
3316:
3218:
3169:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2569:
The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
2267:
Wagner K, Vito S, Inceoglu B, Hammock BD (October 2014).
2266:
2142:
The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
1310:
Selected inducers, inhibitors, and substrates of CYP2C19
4172:. In Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS, Perucca E (eds.).
2857:
2514:
284:
3110:
2902:
1035:
products that act as signaling agents. It metabolizes:
4417:: Crystal Structure of P4502C9 with Flurbiprofen bound
4253:
2763:
2628:
2411:
938:
protein. It is a member of the CYP2C subfamily of the
5990:
3937:
3845:
3739:"Fakta för förskrivare: Interaktion mellan läkemedel"
406:
4343:
PharmGKB: Annotated PGx Gene Information for CYP2C19
2044:
3770:
3413:
4115:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3047:Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
3040:
1971:
1969:
1967:
4296:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3444:20.500.11820/bc7f2526-cc05-416a-a5c4-12c7afed4a12
3043:"CYP2C19 polymorphism and proton pump inhibitors"
2186:. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
1274:Inhibitors of CYP2C19 can be classified by their
231:
6014:
1138:. The extended panel of variant alleles, called
4163:
4161:
3480:
3358:
3356:
3106:
3104:
3102:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2510:
2508:
2262:
2260:
1964:
3987:Ingelman-Sundberg M, Pirmohamed M (May 2024).
3888:
3575:
3268:Li Y, Tang HL, Hu YF, Xie HG (February 2012).
1167:should be avoided, such as diazepam (Valium),
1052:to 9,10-epoxy octadecenoic acids (also termed
5715:
4443:
4382:
3487:Loss-of-Function Carriers with Stroke or TIA"
3362:
4290:
4247:
4198:
4158:
4109:
4060:
3980:
3931:
3882:
3839:
3764:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3474:
3407:
3363:Sun Y, Lu Q, Tao X, Cheng B, Yang G (2020).
3353:
3310:
3261:
3212:
3163:
3099:
3075:
3034:
2968:
2851:
2800:
2752:
2666:
2622:
2587:
2505:
2456:
2405:
2356:
2305:
2257:
4170:"Combination Therapy and Drug Interactions"
4167:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3267:
3111:Bernini de Brito R, Ghedini PC (May 2020).
2937:
2709:
2559:
2216:
2133:
1976:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000165841
5722:
5708:
4450:
4436:
4389:
4375:
4066:
3041:Klotz U, Schwab M, Treiber G (July 2004).
2715:
2362:
2273:Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators
2038:
2003:
4256:European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
4230:
4141:
4092:
4067:Park JY, Kim KA, Kim SL (November 2003).
4004:
3963:
3914:
3796:
3660:
3551:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.
3502:
3442:
3390:
3380:
3285:
3236:
3195:
3146:
3136:
3058:
3017:
2885:
2875:
2834:
2824:
2542:
2532:
2488:
2439:
2429:
2388:
2339:
2329:
2288:
2240:
2111:"Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) Genotype"
4021:
3895:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
3689:
2998:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
540:intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
3813:
2672:
2222:
1651:(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy inhibitor)
1016:and is known to metabolize many drugs.
6015:
4299:Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
4122:Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
3546:
3544:
3542:
3319:Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
3176:Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
2943:
2632:Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
5703:
4431:
4370:
4073:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
3671:Indiana University School of Medicine
3274:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
2956:from the original on 11 November 2014
2176:
2091:from the original on 6 September 2017
2073:
1643:selective estrogen receptor modulator
1259:The following is a table of selected
469:arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity
236:
195:
190:
4048:from the original on 4 November 2020
3736:
3677:from the original on 10 October 2007
3060:10.1111/j.1600-0773.2004.pto950102.x
2596:Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
2521:The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics
2281:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.09.001
3539:
3491:The New England Journal of Medicine
3423:The New England Journal of Medicine
1107:
13:
3483:"Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in
2864:Clinical and Translational Science
14:
6039:
4336:
3752:from the original on 11 June 2002
3527:from the original on 6 March 2023
3462:from the original on 22 July 2018
3238:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.885194
2363:Spector AA, Kim HY (April 2015).
2190:from the original on 8 April 2021
16:Mammalian protein found in humans
6000:
4407:
4085:10.1128/AAC.47.11.3464-3469.2003
3907:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02846.x
3663:"Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P
3563:from the original on 10 May 2016
3287:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04570.x
3010:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03578.x
2925:from the original on 3 June 2020
2778:10.2165/00003088-200241120-00002
2730:10.2165/00003088-199529030-00005
2204:
1060:, linoleic acid 12,13-oxide, or
415:
220:
213:
207:
182:
29:
4396:
3944:British Journal of Pharmacology
3848:Drug Metabolism and Disposition
3777:Drug Metabolism and Disposition
1553:alkylating antineoplastic agent
1289:, or more than 80% decrease in
586:monoterpenoid metabolic process
2813:Indian Journal of Pharmacology
1985:
987:CYP2C19 has been annotated as
596:organic acid metabolic process
576:omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway
530:endoplasmic reticulum membrane
426:More reference expression data
395:More reference expression data
1:
3826:10.1080/17425255.2021.1925249
3138:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04015
3085:. Oup USA. 2010. p. 62.
1958:
581:heterocycle metabolic process
205:
6023:Genes on human chromosome 10
4223:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000101
3083:Psychiatric Pharmacogenomics
2534:10.1016/j.jmoldx.2018.01.011
2381:10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.020
993:(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase
989:(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase
969:, antiseizure drugs such as
954:drugs. In humans, it is the
591:xenobiotic metabolic process
484:steroid hydroxylase activity
7:
5729:
4211:Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
4168:Perucca E, Levy RH (2002).
2117:. June 2013. Archived from
2085:NIH Genetics Home Reference
1946:
1082:epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids
1072:epoxydocosapentaenoic acids
1002:
10:
6044:
4359:gene details page in the
2644:10.1016/j.clpt.2005.10.002
2431:10.3389/fphar.2024.1326776
2223:Fleming I (October 2014).
1254:
1220:the proton pump inhibitor
350:mucosa of transverse colon
5886:
5878:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
5850:
5819:
5788:
5737:
5665:
5640:
5569:
5339:
5117:
5036:
4894:
4711:
4640:
4600:
4509:
4478:
4402:
4268:10.1007/s00228-001-0396-3
3382:10.3389/fgene.2020.576046
2766:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
2718:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
2318:Journal of Lipid Research
2115:Mayo Medical Laboratories
1993:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1938:in low doses (89 mg)
1044:epoxyeicosatrienoic acids
917:
912:
908:
901:
882:
865:
852:
848:
831:
827:
820:
807:
803:
786:
782:
775:
764:
760:
745:
741:
732:
721:
717:
702:
698:
689:
678:
674:
659:
655:
646:
631:
624:
620:
604:
566:steroid metabolic process
444:
440:
423:
414:
405:
392:
379:
375:
322:
313:
283:
275:
271:
254:
241:
204:
181:
172:
168:
159:
154:
117:
114:
104:
97:
92:
73:
68:
51:
46:
41:
37:
28:
23:
5770:Diffusion-limited enzyme
1128:loss-of-function alleles
871:Chr 10: 94.76 – 94.86 Mb
571:epoxygenase P450 pathway
3828:. Epub ahead of print.
3667:Drug Interaction Table"
3331:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100291
2919:Genetics Home Reference
2229:Pharmacological Reviews
2154:10.1124/jpet.103.060137
1953:Cytochrome P450 oxidase
1132:gain-of-function allele
1074:(also termed EDPs); and
1023:CYP2C19 also possesses
504:oxidoreductase activity
3956:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707685
3789:10.1124/dmd.114.060285
2826:10.4103/ijp.IJP_690_20
2059:10.1006/geno.1995.1149
1817:H2-receptor antagonist
1788:proton pump inhibitors
1475:), a prodrug inactive
1437:proton pump inhibitors
1181:proton pump inhibitors
948:proton pump inhibitors
479:monooxygenase activity
52:Human UniProt search:
5863:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
5796:Allosteric regulation
3661:Flockhart DA (2007).
3504:10.1056/NEJMoa2111749
3435:10.1056/NEJMoa1008410
3369:Frontiers in Genetics
2242:10.1124/pr.113.007781
1765:proton pump inhibitor
1078:eicosapentaenoic acid
1014:endoplasmic reticulum
545:endoplasmic reticulum
198:Chromosome 10 (human)
5873:Lineweaver–Burk plot
4353:genome location and
4134:10.1038/clpt.2014.50
3860:10.1124/dmd.30.5.602
1088:Along with CYP2C19,
1068:docosahexaenoic acid
928:Cytochrome P450 2C19
69:List of PDB id codes
42:Available structures
4361:UCSC Genome Browser
4311:10.1067/mcp.2003.14
4174:Antiepileptic drugs
3129:2020Heliy...604015B
2608:10.2133/dmpk.20.300
2469:Clin Pharmacol Ther
2331:10.1194/jlr.M047357
2024:10.1021/bi00227a012
1876:Unspecified potency
1782:Unspecified potency
1430:methylphenobarbital
1311:
1084:(also termed EEQs).
1046:(also termed EETs);
973:, the antimalarial
334:right lobe of liver
148:CYP2C19 - orthologs
5832:Enzyme superfamily
5765:Enzyme promiscuity
4006:10.1111/joim.13772
1309:
1126:CYP2C19*2 and *3 (
559:Biological process
525:organelle membrane
518:Cellular component
452:Molecular function
5988:
5987:
5697:
5696:
4425:
4424:
4079:(11): 3464–3469.
3783:(11): 1971–1977.
3497:(27): 2520–2530.
3429:(18): 1704–1714.
2944:Forest T (2014).
2877:10.1111/cts.12830
2687:10.1159/000028398
2275:. 113–115: 2–12.
2018:(13): 3247–3255.
1944:
1943:
1473:antiplatelet drug
1236:, encoded by the
946:, including some
925:
924:
921:
920:
897:
896:
861:
860:
842:
841:
816:
815:
797:
796:
771:
770:
754:
753:
728:
727:
711:
710:
685:
684:
668:
667:
616:
615:
474:metal ion binding
436:
435:
432:
431:
401:
400:
388:
387:
369:
368:
267:
266:
88:
87:
84:
83:
6035:
6005:
6004:
5996:
5868:Hanes–Woolf plot
5811:Enzyme activator
5806:Enzyme inhibitor
5780:Enzyme catalysis
5724:
5717:
5710:
5701:
5700:
4469:(Most belong to
4452:
4445:
4438:
4429:
4428:
4411:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4368:
4367:
4331:
4330:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4234:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4165:
4156:
4155:
4145:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4096:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4034:
4019:
4018:
4008:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3967:
3950:(7): 1579–1586.
3935:
3929:
3928:
3918:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3843:
3837:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3800:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3734:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3658:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3548:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3506:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3461:
3446:
3420:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3394:
3384:
3360:
3351:
3350:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3289:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3240:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3188:10.1002/cpt.2039
3167:
3161:
3160:
3150:
3140:
3108:
3097:
3096:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3062:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3021:
2989:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2911:
2900:
2899:
2889:
2879:
2870:(6): 1298–1306.
2855:
2849:
2848:
2838:
2828:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2761:
2750:
2749:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2575:(3): 1490–1495.
2563:
2557:
2556:
2546:
2536:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2492:
2481:10.1002/cpt.2321
2460:
2454:
2453:
2443:
2433:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2392:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2333:
2324:(6): 1150–1164.
2309:
2303:
2302:
2292:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2244:
2235:(4): 1106–1140.
2220:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2121:on 15 April 2016
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1989:
1983:
1973:
1910:mood stabilizing
1603:chemotherapeutic
1549:cyclophosphamide
1312:
1308:
1113:Pharmacogenomics
1108:Pharmacogenomics
1040:arachidonic acid
1031:) bonds to form
910:
909:
893:
878:
873:
856:
846:
845:
837:
825:
824:
821:RefSeq (protein)
811:
801:
800:
792:
780:
779:
758:
757:
739:
738:
715:
714:
696:
695:
672:
671:
653:
652:
622:
621:
459:iron ion binding
442:
441:
428:
419:
412:
411:
397:
373:
372:
318:
316:Top expressed in
311:
310:
290:
289:
273:
272:
263:
250:
239:
224:
217:
211:
200:
186:
170:
169:
164:
150:
109:
102:
79:
66:
65:
60:
39:
38:
33:
21:
20:
6043:
6042:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6028:Cytochrome P450
6013:
6012:
6011:
5999:
5991:
5989:
5984:
5896:Oxidoreductases
5882:
5858:Enzyme kinetics
5846:
5842:List of enzymes
5815:
5784:
5755:Catalytic triad
5733:
5728:
5698:
5693:
5661:
5636:
5598:Halloween genes
5565:
5335:
5113:
5032:
4890:
4707:
4636:
4596:
4505:
4474:
4467:cytochrome P450
4456:
4426:
4421:
4418:
4412:
4398:
4395:
4339:
4334:
4295:
4291:
4262:(11): 799–804.
4252:
4248:
4203:
4199:
4184:
4166:
4159:
4114:
4110:
4065:
4061:
4051:
4049:
4044:. 26 May 2021.
4036:
4035:
4022:
3985:
3981:
3936:
3932:
3887:
3883:
3844:
3840:
3818:
3814:
3769:
3765:
3755:
3753:
3735:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3666:
3659:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3549:
3540:
3530:
3528:
3479:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3418:
3412:
3408:
3361:
3354:
3315:
3311:
3266:
3262:
3217:
3213:
3168:
3164:
3109:
3100:
3093:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3039:
3035:
2990:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2942:
2938:
2928:
2926:
2913:
2912:
2903:
2856:
2852:
2805:
2801:
2772:(12): 913–958.
2762:
2753:
2714:
2710:
2671:
2667:
2627:
2623:
2592:
2588:
2564:
2560:
2513:
2506:
2461:
2457:
2418:Front Pharmacol
2410:
2406:
2361:
2357:
2310:
2306:
2265:
2258:
2221:
2217:
2205:
2193:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2043:
2039:
2008:
2004:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1974:
1965:
1961:
1949:
1752:anticonvulsants
1704:chloramphenicol
1536:chloramphenicol
1530:muscle relaxant
1329:antidepressants
1257:
1165:benzodiazepines
1110:
1100:, and possibly
1005:
940:cytochrome P450
914:View/Edit Human
891:
876:
869:
866:Location (UCSC)
854:
833:
809:
788:
705:ENSG00000165841
600:
554:
513:
424:
393:
384:
365:
362:skin of abdomen
360:
356:
352:
348:
346:body of stomach
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
314:
258:
245:
237:
227:
226:
225:
218:
196:
173:Gene location (
160:
118:
105:
98:
75:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6041:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6010:
6009:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5969:
5956:
5943:
5930:
5917:
5904:
5890:
5888:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5823:
5821:
5820:Classification
5817:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5734:
5727:
5726:
5719:
5712:
5704:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5684:
5677:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5652:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5634:
5627:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5581:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5519:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5481:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5384:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5358:
5351:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5326:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5276:
5258:
5216:
5200:
5186:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5064:
5057:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5020:
5010:
5000:
4993:
4983:
4963:
4943:
4936:
4926:
4919:
4909:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4878:
4868:
4861:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4756:
4742:
4726:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4606:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4475:
4455:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4432:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4413:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4345:
4338:
4337:External links
4335:
4333:
4332:
4305:(3): 264–271.
4289:
4246:
4197:
4182:
4157:
4128:(6): 653–662.
4108:
4059:
4020:
3999:(5): 583–598.
3979:
3930:
3881:
3854:(5): 602–607.
3838:
3812:
3763:
3748:(in Swedish).
3688:
3664:
3574:
3538:
3473:
3406:
3352:
3325:(2): 322–327.
3309:
3280:(2): 199–206.
3260:
3231:(4): 512–518.
3211:
3182:(3): 705–715.
3162:
3098:
3092:978-0195367294
3091:
3074:
3033:
3004:(3): 222–230.
2967:
2936:
2915:"CYP2C19 gene"
2901:
2850:
2799:
2751:
2724:(3): 192–209.
2708:
2681:(3): 174–183.
2665:
2638:(1): 103–113.
2621:
2602:(4): 300–307.
2586:
2558:
2527:(3): 269–276.
2504:
2475:(3): 542–545.
2455:
2404:
2375:(4): 356–365.
2355:
2304:
2256:
2215:
2175:
2148:(3): 965–974.
2132:
2102:
2081:"CYP2C19 gene"
2072:
2053:(2): 328–332.
2037:
2002:
1984:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1930:corticosteroid
1923:
1916:norethisterone
1913:
1906:anticonvulsant
1899:
1889:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1860:
1850:
1840:
1830:
1820:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1768:
1758:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1738:anticonvulsant
1730:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1708:bacteriostatic
1701:
1691:
1688:antidepressant
1681:
1671:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1646:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1586:
1576:
1573:antiretroviral
1566:
1556:
1546:
1540:bacteriostatic
1533:
1523:
1513:
1503:
1493:
1480:
1478:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1390:antiepileptics
1387:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1293:of substrates.
1256:
1253:
1234:P-glycoprotein
1149:and 15–20% of
1109:
1106:
1086:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1058:coronaric acid
1047:
1010:monooxygenases
1004:
1001:
923:
922:
919:
918:
916:
906:
905:
899:
898:
895:
894:
889:
887:
880:
879:
874:
867:
863:
862:
859:
858:
850:
849:
843:
840:
839:
829:
828:
822:
818:
817:
814:
813:
805:
804:
798:
795:
794:
784:
783:
777:
773:
772:
769:
768:
762:
761:
755:
752:
751:
743:
742:
736:
730:
729:
726:
725:
719:
718:
712:
709:
708:
700:
699:
693:
687:
686:
683:
682:
676:
675:
669:
666:
665:
657:
656:
650:
644:
643:
638:
633:
629:
628:
618:
617:
614:
613:
602:
601:
599:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
562:
560:
556:
555:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
521:
519:
515:
514:
512:
511:
506:
501:
499:enzyme binding
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
464:oxygen binding
461:
455:
453:
449:
448:
438:
437:
434:
433:
430:
429:
421:
420:
409:
403:
402:
399:
398:
390:
389:
386:
385:
383:
380:
377:
376:
370:
367:
366:
364:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:gastric mucosa
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:
319:
307:
306:
298:
287:
281:
280:
277:RNA expression
269:
268:
265:
264:
256:
252:
251:
243:
240:
235:
229:
228:
219:
212:
206:
202:
201:
194:
188:
187:
179:
178:
166:
165:
158:
152:
151:
116:
112:
111:
103:
95:
94:
90:
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:
71:
70:
62:
61:
50:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6040:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5997:
5994:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5967:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5954:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5941:
5937:
5936:
5931:
5928:
5924:
5923:
5918:
5915:
5911:
5910:
5905:
5902:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5885:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5837:Enzyme family
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5818:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5801:Cooperativity
5799:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5787:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5760:Oxyanion hole
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5725:
5720:
5718:
5713:
5711:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5690:
5689:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5620:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5184:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5028:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4886:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4453:
4448:
4446:
4441:
4439:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4416:
4410:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4392:
4387:
4385:
4380:
4378:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4293:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4250:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4201:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4164:
4162:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4063:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3983:
3975:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3926:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3885:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3767:
3751:
3747:
3745:
3740:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3486:
3477:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3357:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3215:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3123:(5): e04015.
3122:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2261:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2211:public domain
2202:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:contraceptive
1917:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1902:carbamazepine
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1711:antimicrobial
1709:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:anticoagulant
1610:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1543:antimicrobial
1541:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1415:phenobarbital
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:amitriptyline
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1175:(Serax), and
1174:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:isoleukotoxin
1059:
1055:
1054:vernolic acid
1051:
1050:linoleic acid
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
985:
983:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
957:
953:
952:antiepileptic
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
930:(abbreviated
929:
915:
911:
907:
904:
900:
890:
888:
885:
881:
875:
872:
868:
864:
857:
851:
847:
844:
838:
836:
830:
826:
823:
819:
812:
806:
802:
799:
793:
791:
785:
781:
778:
776:RefSeq (mRNA)
774:
767:
763:
759:
756:
750:
749:
744:
740:
737:
735:
731:
724:
720:
716:
713:
707:
706:
701:
697:
694:
692:
688:
681:
677:
673:
670:
664:
663:
658:
654:
651:
649:
645:
642:
639:
637:
634:
630:
627:
623:
619:
612:
608:
603:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
561:
558:
557:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
520:
517:
516:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:Gene ontology
443:
439:
427:
422:
418:
413:
410:
408:
404:
396:
391:
381:
378:
374:
371:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:
321:
317:
312:
309:
308:
305:
303:
299:
297:
296:
292:
291:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
262:
257:
253:
249:
244:
234:
230:
223:
216:
210:
203:
199:
193:
189:
185:
180:
176:
171:
167:
163:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
113:
108:
101:
96:
91:
80:
78:
72:
67:
64:
63:
59:
56:
49:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5974:Translocases
5971:
5958:
5945:
5932:
5919:
5909:Transferases
5906:
5893:
5750:Binding site
5686:
5679:
5672:
5654:
5647:
5629:
5623:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5583:
5576:
5558:
5551:
5544:
5537:
5530:
5521:
5514:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5424:
5405:
5386:
5379:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5278:
5260:
5218:
5202:
5188:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5124:
5106:
5094:
5080:
5066:
5059:
5043:
5022:
5012:
5002:
4995:
4985:
4965:
4945:
4938:
4928:
4921:
4911:
4901:
4880:
4870:
4863:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4758:
4744:
4728:
4718:
4551:
4414:
4355:
4349:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4217:(1): 90–97.
4214:
4210:
4200:
4173:
4125:
4121:
4111:
4076:
4072:
4062:
4050:. Retrieved
4041:
3996:
3993:J Intern Med
3992:
3982:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3901:(1): 67–74.
3898:
3894:
3884:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3815:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3754:. Retrieved
3746:VĂĄrdpersonal
3742:
3737:Sjöqvist F.
3679:. Retrieved
3565:. Retrieved
3556:
3529:. Retrieved
3494:
3490:
3484:
3476:
3464:. Retrieved
3426:
3422:
3409:
3372:
3368:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3120:
3116:
3082:
3077:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3001:
2997:
2958:. Retrieved
2950:AutoGenomics
2949:
2939:
2927:. Retrieved
2918:
2867:
2863:
2853:
2819:(1): 85–87.
2816:
2812:
2802:
2769:
2765:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2678:
2675:Pharmacology
2674:
2668:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2524:
2520:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2272:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2199:
2192:. Retrieved
2178:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2123:. Retrieved
2119:the original
2114:
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2084:
2075:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2015:
2012:Biochemistry
2011:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1886:bactericidal
1833:ketoconazole
1823:indomethacin
1808:esomeprazole
1798:pantoprazole
1793:lansoprazole
1771:voriconazole
1754:, including
1678:antiplatelet
1629:voriconazole
1589:progesterone
1583:antiandrogen
1559:indomethacin
1526:carisoprodol
1520:sulfonylurea
1500:beta blocker
1490:antimalarial
1487:prophylactic
1462:esomeprazole
1452:pantoprazole
1442:lansoprazole
1425:hexobarbital
1366:escitalopram
1344:clomipramine
1302:
1296:
1282:
1273:
1258:
1245:
1237:
1209:voriconazole
1201:escitalopram
1197:pantoprazole
1189:
1185:
1161:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1121:
1117:CYP2C19 gene
1116:
1111:
1087:
1022:
1018:Polymorphism
1006:
986:
955:
931:
927:
926:
853:
832:
808:
787:
765:
746:
722:
703:
679:
660:
640:
635:
489:heme binding
300:
293:
115:External IDs
74:
18:
5745:Active site
4459:Cytochromes
4397:PDB gallery
3225:Circulation
2960:11 November
2424:: 1326776.
2194:30 November
2125:11 November
2095:6 September
1892:artemisinin
1803:rabeprazole
1694:fluvoxamine
1684:moclobemide
1674:ticlopidine
1664:fluconazole
1593:sex hormone
1510:monoterpene
1496:propranolol
1469:clopidogrel
1457:rabeprazole
1400:mephenytoin
1378:moclobemide
1318:Inhibitors
1315:Substrates
1278:, such as:
1217:clopidogrel
1080:to various
1070:to various
1042:to various
1025:epoxygenase
971:mephenytoin
963:clopidogrel
944:xenobiotics
338:gallbladder
259:94,855,547
246:94,762,681
93:Identifiers
6017:Categories
5948:Isomerases
5922:Hydrolases
5789:Regulation
5666:CYP701-999
5641:CYP501-699
5570:CYP301-499
5340:CYP101-281
4463:oxygenases
4183:0781723213
3375:: 576046.
3053:(1): 2–8.
2544:1805/15738
1982:, May 2017
1959:References
1926:prednisone
1882:rifampicin
1867:antibiotic
1857:uricosuric
1853:probenecid
1837:antifungal
1813:cimetidine
1775:antifungal
1761:omeprazole
1756:topiramate
1717:fluoxetine
1668:antifungal
1649:mavacamten
1633:antifungal
1619:tapentadol
1599:teniposide
1579:nilutamide
1569:nelfinavir
1516:gliclazide
1447:omeprazole
1405:nordazepam
1371:sertraline
1361:citalopram
1349:imipramine
1287:AUC values
1269:inhibitors
1261:substrates
1249:ticagrelor
1222:omeprazole
1205:sertraline
1193:omeprazole
1171:(Ativan),
1156:diplotypes
979:anxiolytic
977:, and the
967:omeprazole
304:(ortholog)
162:1.14.14.51
128:HomoloGene
5827:EC number
5674:CYP704B22
4192:848759609
3521:240072625
1863:isoniazid
1843:modafinil
1734:felbamate
1639:tamoxifen
1623:analgesic
1483:proguanil
1420:primidone
1410:phenytoin
1383:bupropion
1321:Inducers
1291:clearance
1213:tamoxifen
1177:temazepam
1169:lorazepam
975:proguanil
835:NP_000760
790:NM_000769
626:Orthologs
550:cytoplasm
156:EC number
136:GeneCards
5851:Kinetics
5775:Cofactor
5738:Activity
5688:CYP720A1
5656:CYP504B1
5631:CYP318A1
5624:CYP315A1
5619:CYP314A1
5614:CYP307A2
5610:CYP307A1
5606:CYP306A1
5602:CYP302A1
5578:CYP303A1
5553:CYP199A2
5532:CYP176A1
5490:CYP154C3
5454:CYP125A1
5440:CYP119A1
5433:CYP113A1
5381:CYP106A2
5355:CYP102A1
5348:CYP101A1
5118:CYP71-99
5037:CYP51-69
4895:CYP21-49
4327:24772442
4319:12621391
4284:19299097
4276:11868802
4241:24887634
4152:24569517
4103:14576103
4046:Archived
4015:38343077
3974:18204476
3925:17298483
3868:11950794
3834:33931001
3807:25187485
3750:Archived
3675:Archived
3561:Archived
3525:Archived
3513:34708996
3466:16 March
3457:Archived
3453:20979470
3401:33414804
3339:17625515
3304:35503064
3296:22123356
3255:13408332
3247:20083681
3206:32897581
3157:32509985
3069:15245569
3028:20233192
2954:Archived
2923:Archived
2896:32506666
2845:33976007
2794:27616494
2786:12222994
2703:24471776
2695:10971203
2660:20989576
2652:16413245
2616:16141610
2553:29474986
2499:34091888
2450:38420192
2441:10899532
2399:25093613
2350:24634501
2299:25240260
2251:25244930
2188:Archived
2170:14838446
2162:14634042
2089:Archived
2047:Genomics
1978:–
1947:See also
1847:eugeroic
1750:Several
1728:Moderate
1609:warfarin
1506:limonene
1395:diazepam
1297:Moderate
1265:inducers
1173:oxazepam
1147:European
1003:Function
982:diazepam
934:) is an
903:Wikidata
605:Sources:
535:membrane
330:duodenum
238:10q23.33
6007:Biology
5961:Ligases
5731:Enzymes
5560:CYP255A
5539:CYP183A
5504:CYP161C
5497:CYP158A
5330:CYP99A3
5323:CYP97C1
5316:CYP93E1
5309:CYP90C1
5302:CYP88D6
5171:CYP73A1
5164:CYP72A1
4712:CYP5-20
4356:CYP2C19
4350:CYP2C19
4232:4297217
4143:4029899
4052:21 June
3965:2437900
3916:2000619
3876:2120209
3798:4201132
3756:10 July
3681:10 July
3531:11 June
3485:CYP2C19
3392:7783419
3347:7772078
3197:7902344
3148:7264488
3125:Bibcode
3117:Heliyon
3019:2829691
2929:6 March
2887:7719394
2836:8216117
2738:8521680
2581:9732415
2490:8725060
2390:4314516
2341:4031946
2290:4254344
2067:8530044
2032:2009263
1980:Ensembl
1936:aspirin
1896:malaria
1276:potency
1255:Ligands
1033:epoxide
997:UniProt
956:CYP2C19
932:CYP2C19
734:UniProt
691:Ensembl
632:Species
611:QuickGO
279:pattern
140:CYP2C19
107:CYP2C19
100:Aliases
24:CYP2C19
5993:Portal
5935:Lyases
5681:CYP710
5649:CYP503
5585:CYP305
5546:CYP197
5510:CYP170
5475:CYP152
5468:CYP147
5461:CYP139
5447:CYP123
5426:CYP111
5407:CYP109
5388:CYP107
5362:CYP105
4601:CYP3 (
4347:Human
4325:
4317:
4282:
4274:
4239:
4229:
4190:
4180:
4150:
4140:
4101:
4094:253795
4091:
4013:
3972:
3962:
3923:
3913:
3874:
3866:
3832:
3805:
3795:
3567:1 June
3519:
3511:
3451:
3399:
3389:
3345:
3337:
3302:
3294:
3253:
3245:
3204:
3194:
3155:
3145:
3089:
3067:
3026:
3016:
2894:
2884:
2843:
2833:
2792:
2784:
2746:111743
2744:
2736:
2701:
2693:
2658:
2650:
2614:
2579:
2551:
2497:
2487:
2448:
2438:
2397:
2387:
2348:
2338:
2297:
2287:
2249:
2168:
2160:
2065:
2030:
1658:Strong
1477:unless
1283:Strong
1267:, and
1230:CYP3A4
1226:CYP2D6
1140:tier 2
1136:tier 1
1102:CYP2S1
1098:CYP2J2
1094:CYP2C9
1090:CYP2C8
1029:alkene
936:enzyme
886:search
884:PubMed
748:P33261
648:Entrez
407:BioGPS
358:fundus
354:vagina
132:133565
124:124020
5887:Types
5279:CYP81
5261:CYP80
5219:CYP79
5204:CYP76
5189:CYP75
5178:CYP74
5125:CYP71
5108:CYP61
5095:CYP56
5082:CYP55
5068:CYP53
5061:CYP52
5045:CYP51
5023:CYP46
5013:CYP39
5003:CYP35
4997:CYP29
4986:CYP28
4967:CYP27
4947:CYP26
4940:CYP25
4929:CYP24
4923:CYP23
4912:CYP22
4902:CYP21
4881:CYP20
4871:CYP19
4865:CYP18
4854:CYP17
4848:CYP16
4841:CYP15
4834:CYP14
4827:CYP13
4820:CYP12
4788:CYP11
4781:CYP10
4603:CYP3A
4473:1.14)
4323:S2CID
4280:S2CID
3872:S2CID
3517:S2CID
3460:(PDF)
3419:(PDF)
3343:S2CID
3300:S2CID
3251:S2CID
2790:S2CID
2742:S2CID
2699:S2CID
2656:S2CID
2166:S2CID
1827:NSAID
1563:NSAID
1356:SSRIs
1239:ABCB1
1151:Asian
641:Mouse
636:Human
607:Amigo
326:liver
302:Mouse
295:Human
242:Start
175:Human
5979:list
5972:EC7
5966:list
5959:EC6
5953:list
5946:EC5
5940:list
5933:EC4
5927:list
5920:EC3
5914:list
5907:EC2
5901:list
5894:EC1
4774:CYP9
4759:CYP8
4745:CYP7
4730:CYP6
4719:CYP5
4641:CYP4
4510:CYP2
4479:CYP1
4415:1r9o
4315:PMID
4272:PMID
4237:PMID
4188:OCLC
4178:ISBN
4148:PMID
4099:PMID
4054:2020
4011:PMID
3970:PMID
3921:PMID
3864:PMID
3830:PMID
3803:PMID
3758:2011
3744:FASS
3683:2011
3569:2016
3533:2022
3509:PMID
3468:2020
3449:PMID
3397:PMID
3335:PMID
3292:PMID
3243:PMID
3202:PMID
3153:PMID
3087:ISBN
3065:PMID
3024:PMID
2962:2014
2931:2020
2892:PMID
2841:PMID
2782:PMID
2734:PMID
2691:PMID
2648:PMID
2612:PMID
2577:PMID
2549:PMID
2495:PMID
2446:PMID
2395:PMID
2373:1851
2346:PMID
2295:PMID
2247:PMID
2196:2020
2158:PMID
2127:2014
2097:2017
2063:PMID
2028:PMID
1894:(in
1745:Weak
1721:SSRI
1698:SSRI
1334:TCAs
1303:Weak
1228:and
1215:and
991:and
959:gene
950:and
662:1557
285:Bgee
233:Band
192:Chr.
120:OMIM
77:4GQS
58:RCSB
55:PDBe
5157:BA1
5153:AV1
5149:AJ4
4688:F22
4683:F12
4678:F11
4653:A22
4648:A11
4632:A43
4627:A37
4552:C19
4547:C18
4527:A13
4307:doi
4264:doi
4227:PMC
4219:doi
4138:PMC
4130:doi
4089:PMC
4081:doi
4042:FDA
4001:doi
3997:295
3960:PMC
3952:doi
3948:153
3911:PMC
3903:doi
3856:doi
3822:doi
3793:PMC
3785:doi
3665:450
3557:FDA
3499:doi
3495:385
3439:hdl
3431:doi
3427:363
3387:PMC
3377:doi
3327:doi
3282:doi
3233:doi
3229:121
3192:PMC
3184:doi
3180:109
3143:PMC
3133:doi
3055:doi
3014:PMC
3006:doi
2882:PMC
2872:doi
2831:PMC
2821:doi
2774:doi
2726:doi
2683:doi
2640:doi
2604:doi
2573:286
2539:hdl
2529:doi
2485:PMC
2477:doi
2473:110
2436:PMC
2426:doi
2385:PMC
2377:doi
2336:PMC
2326:doi
2285:PMC
2277:doi
2237:doi
2150:doi
2146:308
2055:doi
2020:doi
995:in
892:n/a
877:n/a
855:n/a
810:n/a
766:n/a
723:n/a
680:n/a
382:n/a
255:End
144:OMA
48:PDB
6019::
5622:,
5616:,
5612:,
5608:,
5604:,
5600:(
5591:M2
5523:B1
5516:A1
5483:B1
5480:A1
5418:E1
5413:B1
5399:G1
5394:A1
5373:D7
5368:A1
5295:E9
5293:,
5291:E7
5289:,
5287:E3
5285:,
5283:E1
5273:G2
5271:,
5269:B1
5267:,
5265:A1
5255:D4
5253:,
5251:D3
5249:,
5247:D2
5245:,
5243:D1
5241:,
5239:B3
5237:,
5235:B2
5233:,
5231:B1
5229:,
5227:A2
5225:,
5223:A1
5213:M7
5211:,
5209:B6
5197:B1
5195:,
5193:A1
5183:D1
5155:,
5151:,
5147:,
5145:Z6
5143:,
5141:C4
5139:,
5137:C3
5135:,
5133:C2
5131:,
5129:C1
5100:A1
5088:A1
5074:A1
5054:F1
5052:,
5050:A1
5027:A1
5017:A1
5007:B1
4990:A1
4980:C1
4978:,
4976:B1
4974:,
4972:A1
4960:C1
4958:,
4956:B1
4954:,
4952:A1
4933:A1
4916:A1
4906:A2
4885:A1
4875:A1
4858:A1
4813:C1
4811:,
4809:B3
4807:,
4805:B2
4803:,
4801:B1
4799:,
4797:A2
4795:,
4793:A1
4767:B1
4765:,
4763:A1
4753:B1
4751:,
4749:A1
4739:M2
4737:,
4735:G1
4723:A1
4703:Z1
4698:X1
4693:V2
4673:F8
4668:F3
4663:F2
4658:B1
4622:A7
4617:A5
4612:A4
4592:W1
4587:U1
4582:S1
4577:R1
4572:J2
4567:F1
4562:E1
4557:D6
4542:C9
4537:C8
4532:B6
4522:A7
4517:A6
4501:B1
4496:A5
4491:A2
4486:A1
4471:EC
4465::
4461:,
4321:.
4313:.
4303:73
4301:.
4278:.
4270:.
4260:57
4258:.
4235:.
4225:.
4215:37
4213:.
4209:.
4186:.
4160:^
4146:.
4136:.
4126:95
4124:.
4120:.
4097:.
4087:.
4077:47
4075:.
4071:.
4040:.
4023:^
4009:.
3995:.
3991:.
3968:.
3958:.
3946:.
3942:.
3919:.
3909:.
3899:64
3897:.
3893:.
3870:.
3862:.
3852:30
3850:.
3801:.
3791:.
3781:42
3779:.
3775:.
3691:^
3673:.
3669:.
3577:^
3559:.
3555:.
3541:^
3523:.
3515:.
3507:.
3493:.
3489:.
3455:.
3447:.
3437:.
3425:.
3421:.
3395:.
3385:.
3373:11
3371:.
3367:.
3355:^
3341:.
3333:.
3323:83
3321:.
3298:.
3290:.
3278:10
3276:.
3272:.
3249:.
3241:.
3227:.
3223:.
3200:.
3190:.
3178:.
3174:.
3151:.
3141:.
3131:.
3119:.
3115:.
3101:^
3063:.
3051:95
3049:.
3045:.
3022:.
3012:.
3002:69
3000:.
2996:.
2970:^
2952:.
2948:.
2921:.
2917:.
2904:^
2890:.
2880:.
2868:13
2866:.
2862:.
2839:.
2829:.
2817:53
2815:.
2811:.
2788:.
2780:.
2770:41
2768:.
2754:^
2740:.
2732:.
2722:29
2720:.
2697:.
2689:.
2679:61
2677:.
2654:.
2646:.
2636:79
2634:.
2610:.
2600:20
2598:.
2571:.
2547:.
2537:.
2525:20
2523:.
2519:.
2507:^
2493:.
2483:.
2471:.
2467:.
2444:.
2434:.
2422:15
2420:.
2416:.
2393:.
2383:.
2371:.
2367:.
2344:.
2334:.
2322:55
2320:.
2316:.
2293:.
2283:.
2271:.
2259:^
2245:.
2233:66
2231:.
2227:.
2198:.
2164:.
2156:.
2144:.
2113:.
2087:.
2083:.
2061:.
2051:28
2049:.
2026:.
2016:30
2014:.
1995:.
1966:^
1908:,
1263:,
1211:,
1207:,
1203:,
1199:,
1195:,
1096:,
1092:,
1064:);
999:.
984:.
609:/
261:bp
248:bp
142:;
138::
134:;
130::
126:;
122::
5995::
5981:)
5977:(
5968:)
5964:(
5955:)
5951:(
5942:)
5938:(
5929:)
5925:(
5916:)
5912:(
5903:)
5899:(
5723:e
5716:t
5709:v
5626:)
5297:)
5281:(
5275:)
5263:(
5257:)
5221:(
5215:)
5207:(
5199:)
5191:(
5185:)
5181:(
5159:)
5127:(
5056:)
5048:(
5029:)
5025:(
5019:)
5015:(
5009:)
5005:(
4992:)
4988:(
4982:)
4970:(
4962:)
4950:(
4935:)
4931:(
4918:)
4914:(
4908:)
4904:(
4887:)
4883:(
4877:)
4873:(
4860:)
4856:(
4815:)
4791:(
4769:)
4761:(
4755:)
4747:(
4741:)
4733:(
4725:)
4721:(
4605:)
4451:e
4444:t
4437:v
4390:e
4383:t
4376:v
4363:.
4329:.
4309::
4286:.
4266::
4243:.
4221::
4194:.
4154:.
4132::
4105:.
4083::
4056:.
4017:.
4003::
3976:.
3954::
3927:.
3905::
3878:.
3858::
3836:.
3824::
3809:.
3787::
3760:.
3685:.
3571:.
3535:.
3501::
3470:.
3441::
3433::
3403:.
3379::
3349:.
3329::
3306:.
3284::
3257:.
3235::
3208:.
3186::
3159:.
3135::
3127::
3121:6
3095:.
3071:.
3057::
3030:.
3008::
2964:.
2933:.
2898:.
2874::
2847:.
2823::
2796:.
2776::
2748:.
2728::
2705:.
2685::
2662:.
2642::
2618:.
2606::
2583:.
2555:.
2541::
2531::
2501:.
2479::
2452:.
2428::
2401:.
2379::
2352:.
2328::
2301:.
2279::
2253:.
2239::
2213:.
2172:.
2152::
2129:.
2099:.
2069:.
2057::
2034:.
2022::
1999:.
1932:)
1928:(
1922:)
1918:(
1912:)
1904:(
1898:)
1888:)
1884:(
1869:)
1865:(
1859:)
1855:(
1849:)
1845:(
1839:)
1835:(
1829:)
1825:(
1819:)
1815:(
1777:)
1773:(
1767:)
1763:(
1740:)
1736:(
1723:)
1719:(
1713:)
1706:(
1700:)
1696:(
1690:)
1686:(
1680:)
1676:(
1670:)
1666:(
1645:)
1641:(
1635:)
1631:(
1625:)
1621:(
1615:)
1611:(
1605:)
1601:(
1595:)
1591:(
1585:)
1581:(
1575:)
1571:(
1565:)
1561:(
1555:)
1551:(
1545:)
1538:(
1532:)
1528:(
1522:)
1518:(
1512:)
1508:(
1502:)
1498:(
1492:)
1485:(
1471:(
177:)
146::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
