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as in a pot, and allowed to spread on a trellis or roof. In rural areas, many houses with thatched roofs are covered with the gourd vines. Bottle gourds grow very rapidly and their stems can reach a length of 9 m in the summer, so they need a solid support along the stem if they are to climb a pole or trellis. If planted under a tall tree, the vine may grow up to the top of the tree. To obtain more fruit, farmers sometimes cut off the tip of the vine when it has grown to 6–8 feet in length. This forces the plant to produce side branches that will bear flowers and yield more fruit.
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2219:, who is associated with medicine. Li Tieguai's gourd was said to carry medicine that could cure any illness and never emptied, which he dispensed to the poor and needy. Some folk myths say the "gourd had spirals of smoke ascend from it, denoting his power of setting his spirit free from his body," and that it "served as a bedroom for the night..." The gourd is also an attribute of the deity
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The plant produces night blooming white flowers. The male flowers have long peduncles and the females have short ones with an ovary in the shape of the fruit. Sometimes the female flowers drop off without growing into a gourd due to the failure of pollination if there is no night pollinator (probably
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Bottle gourds are grown by direct sowing of seeds or transplanting 15- to 20-day-old seedlings. The plant prefers well-drained, moist, organic rich soil. It requires plenty of moisture in the growing season and a warm, sunny position, sheltered from the wind. It can be cultivated in small places such
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cucurbitacins present in fruits and vegetables of the cucumber family are responsible for the bitter taste, and could cause stomach ulcers. In extreme cases, people have died from drinking the juice of gourds. The toxic cases are usually due to the gourd being used to make juice, which the drinkers
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Calabash's watertight features allowed it to be often used as container to ship seeds across the translantic slave trade. They were also used by enslaved people to carry seeds for planting on plantation fields. On plantations that held enslaved
African Americans, the Calabash symbolized freedom—as
713:, which may be source plants and not merely domesticated stands, were reported in Zimbabwe in 2004. This apparent wild plant produces thinner-walled fruit that, when dried, would not endure the rigors of use on long journeys as a water container. Today's gourd may owe its tough, waterproof wall to
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culture, the gourd is eaten during Rosh
Hashana (Jewish New Year's Eve). According to the texts the gourd is eaten as a symbol of tearing apart the enemies who may come and attack. It is called Qaraa, which in Hebrew means "torn" קרע. "שיקרעו אויבנו מעלינו" meaning "may our enemies be torn apart
2319:
the word "calabash" refers to a large serving bowl, usually made from hardwood rather than from the calabash gourd, which is used on a buffet table or in the middle of the dining table. The use of the calabash in Hawaii has led to terms like "calabash family" or "calabash cousins", indicating an
747:
The mystery of the bottle gourd – namely that this
African or Eurasian species was being grown in the Americas over 8,000 years ago – comes from the difficulty in understanding how it arrived in the Americas. The bottle gourd was theorized to have drifted across the Atlantic Ocean from Africa to
1941:
In Sicily, mostly in the
Palermo area, a traditional soup called "Minestra di Tenerumi" is made with the tender leaves of var. Longissima along with peeled tomato and garlic. The young leaves are themselves called "tenerumi", and Lagenaria in Sicily is cultivated both professionally and in home
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described as being unusually bitter. In three of the lethal cases, the victims were diabetics in their 50s and 60s. In 2018, a healthy woman in her 40s was hospitalized for severe reactions after consuming the juice and died three days later from complications.
3827:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
2884:. According to American consular reports from the early 20th century calabash pipes were commonly used in South Africa. Calabash was said to bestow a "special softness" of flavor that could not be duplicated by other materials. The lining was made of
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2226:
Dried calabash were also used as containers for liquids, often liquors or medicines. Calabash gourds were also grown in earthen molds to form different shapes with imprinted floral or arabesque designs. Molded gourds were also dried to house
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genomes of a broad sample of bottle gourds, and concluded that North and South
American specimens were most closely related to wild African variants and could have drifted over the ocean several or many times, as long as 10,000 years ago.
697:, whereas in Africa, despite decades of high-quality archaeobotanical research, the earliest record of its occurrence remains the 1884 report of a bottle gourd being recovered from a 12th Dynasty tomb at Thebes dating to ca. 4,000
1745:
3196:
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Decker-Walters, Deena S; Wilkins-Ellert, Mary; Chung, Sang-Min; Staub, Jack E (2004). "Discovery and
Genetic Assessment of Wild Bottle Gourd [Lagenaria Siceraria (Mol.) Standley; Cucurbitaceae] from Zimbabwe".
568:. The gourd was one of the world's first cultivated plants grown not primarily for food, but for use as containers. The bottle gourd may have been carried from Asia to Africa, Europe, and the Americas in the course of
1924:
In Sri Lanka, it is used in combination with rice to make a variety of milk rice, which is a popular dish in Sri Lanka. Different types of curries are also made using this, specially white curries with coconut milk.
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760:, which they based on a study of the genetics of archaeological samples. This study purportedly showed that gourds in American archaeological finds were more closely related to Asian variants than to African ones.
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Calabash fruits have a variety of shapes: they can be huge and rounded, small and bottle-shaped, or slim and serpentine, and they can grow to be over a metre long. Rounder varieties are typically called
2900:, never mentioned Holmes using a calabash pipe. It was the preferred pipe for stage actors portraying Holmes, because they could balance this pipe better than other styles while delivering their lines.
1976:
Hollowed-out and dried calabashes are a very typical utensil in households across West Africa. They are used to clean rice, carry water, and as food containers. Smaller sizes are used as bowls to drink
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The calabash is used as a resonator in many string instruments in India. Instruments that look like guitars are made of wood, but can have a calabash resonator at the end of the strings table, called
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First crop is ready for harvest within two months; first flowers open in about 45 days from sowing. Each plant can yield 1 fruit per day for the next 45 days if enough nutrients are available.
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have two large calabash resonators at both ends of the strings table. The instrument, Gopichand used by the Baul singers of Bengal is made out of calabash. The practice is also common among
3725:
Puri, Rajesh; Sud, Randhir; Khaliq, Abdul; Kumar, Mandhir; Jain, Sanjay (September 2011). "Gastrointestinal toxicity due to bitter bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)─a report of 15 cases".
2442:. These gourds are valuable items and they are carefully tended; for example, they are sometimes given injections to stop worms and insects from making holes in them while they are drying.
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2912:. Along the upper Congo River an enema apparatus is made by making a hole in one end of the gourd for filling it, and using a resin to attach a hollow cane to the gourd's neck.
1938:
In
Southern Italy and Sicily, the variety Lagenaria siceraria var. longissima, called zucca da vino, zucca bottiglia, or cucuzza, is grown and used in soup or along with pasta.
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In Burma, it is a popular fruit. The young leaves are also boiled and eaten with a spicy, fermented fish sauce. It can also be cut up, coated in batter and deep fried to make
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The plant is not normally toxic when eaten. The excessively bitter (and toxic) gourds are due to improper storage (temperature swings or high temperature) and over-ripening.
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South
America, but in 2005 a group of researchers suggested that it may have been domesticated earlier than food crops and livestock and, like dogs, was brought into the
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Calabash also has a large cultural significance. In many
African legends, Calabash (commonly referred to as gourds) are presented as a vessel for knowledge and wisdom.
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1466:
In Central America the seeds of the bottle gourd are toasted and ground with other ingredients (including rice, cinnamon, and allspice) to make one type of the drink
1447:
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in certain parts of country like eastern India. (However, "kaddu" popularly translates to "pumpkin" in northern India.) It can be consumed as a dish with rice or
4363:. National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) & Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (ICHCAP), UNESCO. p. 232. Archived from
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extended family grown up around shared meals and close friendships. This gourd is often dried when ripe and used as a percussion instrument called an
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alluded to in the song "Follow the Drinking Gourd" that referenced the Big Dipper constellation that was used to guide the Underground Railroad.
2118:
2033:) musical instruments. Sometimes large calabashes are simply hollowed, dried and used as percussion instruments by striking them, especially by
2430:
are made of dried calabash gourds, using special cultivars that were originally imported from Africa and Madagascar. They are mostly grown in
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4807:
728:. Polynesian specimens of calabash were found to have genetic markers suggesting hybridization from Asian and American cultivars. In Europe,
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Kistler, Logan; Montenegro, Álvaro; Smith, Bruce D.; Gifford, John A.; Green, Richard E.; Newsom, Lee A.; Shapiro, Beth (25 February 2014).
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Puca, Davide (2019). "Che cos'è una minestra? Il sistema delle minestre siciliane" [What is a soup? The system of Sicilian soups].
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being independently brought under domestication first in Asia, and more than 4,000 years later, in Africa. The bottle gourd is a commonly
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4902:
3834:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
572:, or by seeds floating across the oceans inside the gourd. It has been proven to have been globally domesticated (and existed in the
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is an ancient symbol for health. Hulu had fabled healing properties due to doctors in former times carrying medicine inside it. The
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2231:. The texture of the gourd lends itself nicely to the sound of the insect, much like a musical instrument. The musical instrument,
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may not be functional, but if the instrument is large, it is retained because of its balance function, which is the case of the
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the calabash has been used by some motorcyclists as an imitation helmet in an attempt to circumvent motorcycle helmet laws. In
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as well as the calabash from which the drinking vessels are made. In Peru it is used in a popular practice for the making of
2073:, is known as The Calabash as its shape takes inspiration from the calabash. The calabash is also used in the manufacture of
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3197:"Del origen y principio de la lengua castellana ò romance que oi se usa en España ideas lingüísticas de Aldrete · Volume 2"
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a kind of moth) in the garden. Hand pollination can be used to solve the problem. Pollens are around 60 microns in length.
2593:. The juice of a bottle gourd is considered to have medicinal properties and be very healthy (see juice toxicity above).
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There is sometimes confusion when discussing "calabash" because the name is shared with the unrelated calabash tree (
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2959:"calabash noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at"
763:
In 2014 this theory was repudiated based on a more thorough genetic study. Researchers more completely examined the
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plant in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, and was eventually domesticated in southern Africa. Stands of
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was used for low-grade models. A typical design yielded by this squash is recognized (theatrically) as the pipe of
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Clarke, Andrew C.; Burtenshaw, Michael K.; McLenachan, Patricia A.; Erickson, David L.; Penny, David (May 2006).
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Erickson, David L.; Smith, Bruce D.; Clarke, Andrew C.; Sandweiss, Daniel H.; Tuross, Noreen (20 December 2005).
725:
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and Samuel Morrison (January 1940). "The History of the Enema with Some Notes on Related Procedures (Part I)".
4920:
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2640:(National Living Treasures Award). He was cited for his dedication to practising and teaching the craft as an
693:
The bottle gourd has been recovered from archaeological contexts in China and Japan dating to ca. 8,000–9,000
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2065:. Erbore children of Ethiopia wear hats made from the calabash to protect them from the sun. South Africa's
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1693:, it is a very popular vegetable, commonly cooked in soup with shrimp, meatballs, clams, various fish like
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2500:, the calabash resonator is not always functional but it is kept in place because of the balancing effect.
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Clarke, Andrew C; Burtenshaw, Michael K; McLenachan, Patricia A; Erickson, David L; Penny, David (2006).
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orchards mostly to use the leaves as a vegetable, the fruit being treated almost as a secondary product.
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fish or crab. It is also commonly stir-fried with meat or seafood, or incorporated as an ingredient of a
995:(table). In a reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz), cooked calabash supplies a moderate amount of
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3452:(in German). Schandelah: VEN – Verein zur Erhaltung der Nutzpflanzen Vielfalt e.V. 2002. Archived from
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In Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile and southern Brazil, calabash gourds are dried and carved into
63:
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3879:[ What japchae impressed Gwanghaegun so much that he gave it a title of a public official?].
28:
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Nancy White University of South Florida – South American Archaeology: Archaic, Preceramic, Sedentism
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it is commonly used as a drinking vessel and a vessel for carrying food by communities, such as the
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Calabash varieties, illustration from the Japanese agricultural encyclopedia Seikei Zusetsu (1804)
589:), whose hard, hollow fruits are also used to make utensils, containers, and musical instruments.
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1539:. Fresh calabash flesh, scraped out, seeded, salted and squeezed to draw out moisture, is called
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The calabash is frequently used in southern Chinese cuisine in either a stir-fry dish or a soup.
201:
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3401:"Reconstructing the Origins and Dispersal of the Polynesian Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)"
3360:"Reconstructing the Origins and Dispersal of the Polynesian Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)"
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1916:
In Pakistan, the calabash is cultivated on a large scale as its fruit are a popular vegetable.
724:
Gourds were cultivated in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas for thousands of years before
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on 19 March 2014 – via Small Encyclopedia of Indian Instruments at India-instruments.de.
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culture applied symbols from folklore to gourds, this practice is still familiar and valued.
2573:(although not in this picture), a resonator made of calabash at the end of the strings table.
2165:
1705:. It is also used as a medicine. Americans have called calabashes from Vietnam "opo squash".
1305:
180:
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cultivars as water gourds. They believed the gourd as a representation of Pū-tē-hue, one of
897:
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Brief discussion of the species, uses, ecology, and etymology of generic and specific names
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In the Philippines, dried calabash gourds are one common material for making a traditional
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for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
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This article is about the gourd. For the winter squash with the same English name, see
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3908:[Naembi udong, bakgoji gimbap... "Come to taste the happiness of 5,000 won].
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meaning gourd or pumpkin. The Spanish word is of pre-Roman origin. It comes from the
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4084:. Translated and edited by Joanne O'Brien. New York: Penguin Books. pp. 93–94.
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4246:"Kanailal and Brother, Calcutta: The History of an Indian Musical Instrument Maker"
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3557:"Transoceanic drift and the domestication of African bottle gourds in the Americas"
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for its medicinal benefits. In Gujarat, a traditional Gujarati savoury cake called
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vegetable and the outside cut in half to make bowls. Both fresh and dried flesh of
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When considered together, the genetic and archaeological information points toward
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Calabashes used for flotation and to store fish during huge Nigerian fish festival
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In Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador calabash gourds are used for medicinal purposes. The
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4229:. Wellington, New Zealand: A. R. Shearer. pp. 245–255 – via NZETC at
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1854:), sesame seeds, flour, and often lentils. In Karnataka, bottle gourd is called
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Erickson, D. L; Smith, B. D; Clarke, A. C; Sandweiss, D. H; Tuross, N (2005).
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In Japan, it is commonly sold in the form of dried, marinated strips known as
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560:. When it is fresh, the fruit has a light green smooth skin and white flesh.
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played in Indian classical music, it has two calabash gourd resonators. The
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3247:"An Asian origin for a 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas"
3102:"An Asian origin for a 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas"
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grown for its fruit. It can be either harvested young to be consumed as a
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Among some New Guinea highland tribes, the calabash is used by men as a
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In parts of India a dried, unpunctured gourd is used as a float (called
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southern plains, preparations other than as a normal vegetable include
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24:
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3481:(in Latin and German). Näf, W.; és Gabathuler, M. (ford.). Thorbecke.
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1981:. Calabashes are used in making the West African instruments like the
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2011:(a traditional fiddle). They also serve as resonators underneath the
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3769:"Pune woman dies after drinking bottle gourd juice - Times of India"
2736:, adopted into the Spanish language), the traditional container for
1830:. The edible leaves and young stems of the plant are widely used in
1794:(grated bottle gourd, sugar and milk preparation) is a dessert from
1771:
is popular. The skin of the vegetable is used in making a dry spicy
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The Eight Immortals of Taoism: Legends and Fables of Popular Taoism
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is similar but larger and with lower sounds (something like a bass
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Bengali dish made with the stems and leaves of a bottle gourd plant
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Yield ranges from 35 to 40 tons/ha, per season of 3 months cycle.
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Multilingual taxonomic information at the University of Melbourne
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Maori Agriculture - Part VII The Hue or Gourd. Lagenaria Vulgaris
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2698:, the 18th-century Ilocano revolutionary leader, shown wearing a
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of the Philippines under the Traditional Craftsmanship category.
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from the Philippines (c.1900), the top one is made from calabash
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is often simmered in sauce or stir-fried before being added to
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127:
4134:
Wilson, Eddie W. (April 1951). "The Gourd in Folk Symbolism".
1884:
In Bangladesh the fruit is served with rice as a common dish.
4451:
How Bottle Gourds were brought to America by Native Americans
3616:"Not all bitter veggies are good, they can kill you: Doctors"
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grew several cultivars of calabash for particular uses like
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in Hindi in northern part of the country, it is also called
3523:(in Latin). Fachhochschule Augsburg: bibliotheca Augustana.
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10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0501:DAGAOW]2.0.CO;2
2939:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017
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2007:
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843:
A female Calabash flower with a visible ovary at night, in
622:, from -cal which means house or shell. It is a doublet of
545:
491:
4393:. Cochabamba: Editorial Los Amigos del Libro. p. 171.
3820:
3798:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
3159:
Price, Sally (1982). "When is a calabash not a calabash".
2818:
carved and decorated as a drinking container (also called
2532:, also with two large resonators, is a similar instrument.
1525:
Traditionally in Korea, the inner flesh has been eaten as
500:
2889:
2325:
1071:
992:
915:
Collection of bowls and spoons made of bottle gourd from
552:, or harvested mature to be dried and used as a utensil,
497:
485:
4304:"Veena, Saraswati Veena, Rudra Veena and Vichitra Veena"
2600:
in Tamil) to help people learn to swim in rural areas.
2203:
2995:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
2207:(energy) that would otherwise affect health, and is a
1763:
and diced gourd in a semi-dry gravy). In the state of
482:
4039:
Carney, Judith (2019). "Food and the African Past".
2665:
Money Museum, with the bottom one made from calabash
2587:) traditionally use a dried gourd vessel called the
1547:, is usually soaked before being stir-fried. Soaked
494:
488:
2744:plant. In the region the beverage itself is called
1850:is made primarily using bottle gourd (in Gujarati,
479:
3831:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
3724:
3351:
3297:
2740:, the caffeinated, tea-like drink brewed from the
644:("gourd, pumpkin, squash; calabash (container)"),
4391:Diccionario Qhëshwa—Castellano Castellano—Qhëshwa
4043:. University of California Press. pp. 6–26.
2547:(one string) resonator made from a calabash gourd
1876:) is one of the popular breakfasts in Karnataka.
1282:
1139:
5152:
3613:
3513:
2281:, the calabash gourd flute or bottle gourd flute
3877:"[정재훈의 밥상 공부] 광해군이 먹고 감탄해 벼슬까지 내린 잡채는?"
3561:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3520:De cultura hortorum sive Hortulus VII Cucurbita
3251:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3106:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2475:Sitar with resonator made from a bottle gourd.
1620:In the Philippines, calabash (known locally as
1543:. Scraped and sun-dried calabash flesh, called
4103:
4101:
3786:
3653:"Toxin in lauki kills diabetic city scientist"
3540:. Bloomington: Indiana University Bloomington
3095:
3093:
2908:The gourd is used traditionally to administer
2880:The gourd can be dried and used to smoke pipe
2756:" is the technique adopted for decorating the
1630:. They are also common ingredients in noodle (
1016:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
2201:was believed to absorb negative, earth-based
1674:
1668:
1648:
1621:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3080:"Ingredient Spotlight: Cucuzza ("Googootz")"
2634:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
744:as one of the 23 plants of an ideal garden.
4098:
3090:
2632:variant using calabash, was awarded by the
2021:). The calabash is also used in making the
1985:, a Yoruba instrument similar to a maraca,
4349:
4347:
4178:. New York: George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd
3794:United States Food and Drug Administration
3527:
3507:
3449:Gemüse des Jahres 2002: Der Flaschenkürbis
2979:
2791:Calabash used as a container for drinking
2235:, is a kind of flute made from the gourd.
2211:cure. The bottle gourd is a symbol of the
44:
4243:
3962:
3925:"For Bangladesh, Kishwar has already won"
3713:
3614:Adhyaru-Majithia, Priya (13 March 2010).
3590:
3580:
3416:
3375:
3326:
3280:
3270:
3135:
3125:
1787:and also fried with potato and tomatoes.
1626:) is commonly cooked in soup dishes like
4258:
3977:
3468:
3440:
3024:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
1822:, a dish prepared with bottle gourd and
1744:
1736:
1507:and is used as an ingredient for making
1492:
775:
684:
4353:
4344:
4289:from the original on 25 September 2022.
4261:"Classical Musical Instruments - Sitar"
3650:
2869:
1767:in India, a similar preparation called
5153:
4168:
4133:
4127:
4038:
3922:
3474:
3071:
2896:, but the inventor of this character,
2876:Smoking pipe (tobacco) § Calabash
2025:(a Sierra Leonean women's rattle) and
4495:
4494:
4244:Landsberg, Steven (4 February 2000).
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
3978:Nicastro, Francesca (1 August 2017).
3874:
3533:
3158:
3007:
2993:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
4823:3b503363-0d8d-4a56-b7e7-0f0671936426
4486:West African plants – A Photo Guide.
4388:
4222:
3948:
3875:Jeong, Jaehoon (14 September 2016).
3077:
3013:
2355:(their god of forests)'s offspring.
1868:(a south Indian stew). Also, crispy
666:("gourd; calabash (container)") and
4423:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
4013:"Nigeria bikers' vegetable helmets"
4002:, "Origin of the Gullah", yale.edu.
3689:"Bitter 'lauki' juice can kill you"
2987:Lagenaria siceraria
717:pressures over its long history of
630:. The English word is cognate with
53:Green calabash growing on its vine
13:
4405:"Daily Consular and Trade Reports"
4079:
4025:
3808:from the original on 27 March 2024
3727:Indian Journal of Gastroenterology
3078:Hill, Kathryn (1 September 2009).
2903:
2625:, an expert artisan who makes the
1720:of the plant may also be eaten as
1461:
740:kings, discussed the gourd in his
14:
5257:
4444:
4231:Victoria University of Wellington
3903:
2347:cultivars as food containers and
2286:
1810:(curry with milk and spices) and
1594:
983:Boiled calabash is 95% water, 4%
952:Like other members of the family
859:Crook-necked "geese" cultivar in
726:Columbus' arrival to the Americas
4921:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:134809-2
4202:Te Māra Reo: The Language Garden
3906:"냄비우동·박고지김밥…"5000원의 행복 맛보러 오세요""
2961:. Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
2855:
2831:
2808:
2784:
2765:
2719:
2687:
2670:
2649:
2603:
2552:
2537:
2505:
2490:
2468:
2447:
2268:
2256:
2240:
2190:), as the calabash is called in
2157:
2137:
2117:
2110:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2100:) are used to collect and store
2085:
1966:
1954:
1661:
1641:
1576:
1456:
1007:in significant amounts (table).
924:
908:
896:
884:
868:
852:
836:
820:
804:
475:
62:
5112:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:72112-2
4411:
4397:
4382:
4322:
4271:
4252:
4237:
4216:
4190:
4162:
4115:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008
4073:
4005:
3986:
3971:
3942:
3916:
3897:
3868:
3856:from the original on 9 May 2024
3761:
3681:
3644:
3607:
3548:
3405:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3392:
3364:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3211:
3189:
2822:, and the infusion also called
2512:Rudra veena is a large plucked
2304:The plant is spread throughout
1775:preparation. It is consumed in
1753:A popular north Indian dish is
1608:, which are eaten with Burmese
827:Slim, elongated upo squash, in
732:(808–849), abbot and poet from
4113:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
3923:Waheed, Karim (14 July 2021).
3697:. 28 June 2011. Archived from
3651:Chandra, Neetu (9 July 2010).
3167:
3152:
3045:
2973:
2951:
2921:
2638:"Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan"
1615:
771:
756:by the native hunter-gatherer
1:
3175:"Romance Philology Volume 13"
2915:
2864:
2707:
1879:
1727:
1589:(seasoned calabash side dish)
964:at a high concentration. The
608:, which in turn derived from
16:Species of bottle gourd plant
5161:Fruits originating in Africa
4175:Myths & Legends of China
2642:intangible cultural heritage
2520:. One of the major types of
2389:south of India), may have a
2328:in contemporary and ancient
2324:(double gourd drum) or just
2299:
2209:traditional Chinese medicine
1919:
1834:. Although popularly called
1475:
1442:Percentages estimated using
978:
811:Pear-shaped bottle gourd in
637:("pumpkin; orange colour"),
592:
7:
5236:Decorative fruits and seeds
5181:Crops originating from Asia
4263:(in German). Archived from
4204:. Benton Family Trust. 2022
2663:Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
2617:In 2012, Teófilo García of
2312:in many related languages.
2223:and a symbol of longevity.
1911:
1435:Link to USDA Database entry
947:
875:Serpentine snake gourds in
10:
5262:
4357:Salakot and Other Headgear
4354:Peralta, Jesus T. (2013).
4259:Kasliwal, Suneera (2001).
3980:"How to Cook with Cucuzza"
3475:Strabo, Walahfrid (2000).
2937:Plants of the World Online
2873:
2518:Hindustani classical music
2358:
2173:
2132:with his instrument (2007)
1684:
991:, and contains negligible
680:
18:
4980:
4503:
4049:10.1525/9780520949539-004
3739:10.1007/s12664-011-0110-z
2403:. Other instruments like
2029:(a Sierra Leonean type of
1971:
1928:
1561:. Sometimes uncooked raw
1441:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1382:
1369:
1356:
1343:
1330:
1317:
1304:
1291:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1249:
1232:
1216:
1199:
1182:
1165:
1148:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1034:
1030:
1026:63 kJ (15 kcal)
1020:
1015:
1011:Calabash, cooked, no salt
323:Lagenaria cochinchinensis
215:
208:
186:
179:
59:Scientific classification
57:
52:
43:
38:
29:Calabash (disambiguation)
5246:Austronesian agriculture
4041:In the Shadow of Slavery
1945:It is also grown by the
1933:
1887:
1732:
1599:
1520:
1488:
1480:
5221:Native American culture
4471:6 December 2016 at the
3904:김, 민지 (14 March 2012).
3582:10.1073/pnas.1318678111
3272:10.1073/pnas.0509279102
3127:10.1073/pnas.0509279102
3053:"Grow Birdhouse Gourds"
1858:and is used to prepare
1806:(with tamarind juice),
1444:US recommendations
3221:. Etimologías de Chile
2898:Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
1783:, as boiled vegetable
1750:
1742:
1675:
1669:
1649:
1622:
1498:
1448:the National Academies
785:
690:
534:New Guinea butter bean
259:Cucurbita idololatrica
27:. For other uses, see
4223:Best, Elsdon (1976).
4080:Ho, Kwok Man (1990).
3993:image at Joseph Opala
3534:White, Nancy (2005).
3418:10.1093/molbev/msj092
3377:10.1093/molbev/msj092
3161:New West Indian Guide
2393:. In some cases, the
1748:
1740:
1496:
1114:Vitamins and minerals
960:that are known to be
863:Public Market, Canada
779:
688:
455:Trochomeria rehmannii
23:. For the trees, see
4389:Lara, Jesus (1971).
4340:on 31 December 2014.
3910:Gyeongnam Domin Ilbo
3495:on 29 September 2007
2870:Tobacco smoking pipe
1802:and is used to make
1565:is seasoned to make
518:white-flowered gourd
363:Lagenaria microcarpa
339:Lagenaria idolatrica
291:Cucurbita pyriformis
230:J.R.Forst. ex Guill.
4982:Cucurbita siceraria
4872:Lagenaria siceraria
4859:Lagenaria_siceraria
4670:Lagenaria siceraria
4535:Lagenaria siceraria
4505:Lagenaria siceraria
4481:Lagenaria siceraria
4370:on 24 November 2021
3998:18 May 2008 at the
3573:2014PNAS..111.2937K
3478:De cultura hortorum
3263:2005PNAS..10218315E
3257:(51): 18315–18320.
3118:2005PNAS..10218315E
2931:Lagenaria siceraria
2215:, and particularly
2166:percussion calabash
2071:2010 FIFA World Cup
2069:, which hosted the
1201:Pantothenic acid (B
1012:
877:Media, Pennsylvania
829:San Rafael, Bulacan
784:(Size: ~60 microns)
782:Lagenaria siceraria
736:and advisor to the
510:Lagenaria siceraria
395:Lagenaria siceraria
383:Lagenaria siceraria
371:Lagenaria siceraria
355:Lagenaria leucantha
347:Lagenaria lagenaria
315:Lagenaria bicornuta
299:Cucurbita siceraria
275:Cucurbita leucantha
267:Cucurbita lagenaria
251:Cucurbita ciceraria
190:Lagenaria siceraria
4419:Julius Friedenwald
4279:"Dhrupad Surbahar"
3773:The Times of India
3694:The Times of India
1751:
1743:
1741:An Indian calabash
1695:freshwater catfish
1499:
1409:Other constituents
1010:
786:
752:at the end of the
691:
689:Bottle gourd curry
558:musical instrument
435:Lagenaria vulgaris
423:Lagenaria vulgaris
415:Lagenaria vulgaris
5211:Culture of Mexico
5206:Korean vegetables
5148:
5147:
4844:Open Tree of Life
4497:Taxon identifiers
4330:"Tambura/tanpura"
4058:978-0-520-94953-9
4021:. 6 January 2009.
3841:978-0-309-48834-1
3488:978-3-7995-3504-5
3456:on 10 August 2007
2514:string instrument
2385:(north of India,
2106:Bandundu Province
2005:(a lute) and the
1892:In Nepal, in the
1808:sorakaya palakura
1454:
1453:
1399:
1398:
1003:), with no other
956:, gourds contain
597:The English word
586:Crescentia cujete
578:Pre-Columbian era
512:), also known as
468:
467:
459:
451:
443:
431:
419:
411:
407:Lagenaria vittata
403:
391:
379:
367:
359:
351:
343:
335:
331:Lagenaria hispida
327:
319:
311:
307:Cucurbita vittata
303:
295:
287:
279:
271:
263:
255:
247:
239:
235:Cucumis lagenaria
231:
172:L. siceraria
5253:
5241:Japanese cuisine
5226:Filipino cuisine
5196:Hawaiian cuisine
5191:Fruit vegetables
5141:
5140:
5128:
5127:
5115:
5114:
5102:
5101:
5089:
5088:
5076:
5075:
5063:
5062:
5050:
5049:
5037:
5036:
5024:
5023:
5011:
5010:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4973:
4972:
4960:
4959:
4950:
4949:
4937:
4936:
4924:
4923:
4911:
4910:
4898:
4897:
4885:
4884:
4875:
4874:
4862:
4861:
4852:
4851:
4839:
4838:
4826:
4825:
4816:
4815:
4803:
4802:
4800:NHMSYS0000460067
4790:
4789:
4777:
4776:
4764:
4763:
4751:
4750:
4738:
4737:
4725:
4724:
4712:
4711:
4699:
4698:
4686:
4685:
4673:
4672:
4660:
4659:
4647:
4646:
4634:
4633:
4621:
4620:
4608:
4607:
4595:
4594:
4582:
4581:
4569:
4568:
4559:
4558:
4549:
4548:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4492:
4491:
4439:
4438:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4369:
4362:
4351:
4342:
4341:
4336:. Archived from
4326:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4310:on 20 March 2014
4306:. Archived from
4300:
4291:
4290:
4283:Pt. Ashok Pathak
4275:
4269:
4268:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4170:Werner, E. T. C.
4166:
4160:
4159:
4136:Western Folklore
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4036:
4023:
4022:
4009:
4003:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3722:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3665:. Archived from
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3628:. Archived from
3611:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3584:
3567:(8): 2937–2941.
3552:
3546:
3545:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3515:Walahfrid Strabo
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3491:. Archived from
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3420:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3379:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3330:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3284:
3274:
3242:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3139:
3129:
3112:(51): 18315–20.
3097:
3088:
3087:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3032:
3026:. Archived from
3021:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2933:(Molina) Standl"
2925:
2835:
2812:
2788:
2769:
2691:
2674:
2653:
2556:
2541:
2509:
2494:
2472:
2451:
2272:
2260:
2244:
2192:Mandarin Chinese
2161:
2141:
2121:
2089:
1961:Man with cucuzza
1958:
1947:Italian diaspora
1826:, is popular in
1678:
1672:
1665:
1652:
1645:
1625:
1580:
1286:
1237:
1221:
1204:
1187:
1170:
1153:
1143:
1110:
1109:
1013:
1009:
931:Wuhua District,
928:
912:
900:
888:
872:
861:Granville Island
856:
840:
824:
808:
730:Walahfrid Strabo
507:
506:
503:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
457:
449:
441:
429:
417:
409:
402:(Naudin) M.Hiroe
401:
389:
377:
365:
357:
349:
341:
333:
325:
317:
309:
301:
293:
285:
277:
269:
261:
253:
245:
237:
229:
227:Cucumis bicirrha
192:
67:
66:
48:
36:
35:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5201:Italian cuisine
5176:Chinese cuisine
5171:Burmese cuisine
5151:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5136:
5131:
5123:
5118:
5110:
5105:
5097:
5092:
5084:
5079:
5071:
5066:
5058:
5053:
5045:
5040:
5032:
5027:
5019:
5014:
5006:
5004:
4995:
4994:
4989:
4976:
4968:
4963:
4955:
4953:
4945:
4940:
4932:
4927:
4919:
4914:
4906:
4901:
4893:
4888:
4880:
4878:
4870:
4865:
4857:
4855:
4847:
4842:
4834:
4831:Observation.org
4829:
4821:
4819:
4811:
4806:
4798:
4793:
4785:
4780:
4772:
4767:
4759:
4754:
4746:
4741:
4733:
4728:
4720:
4715:
4707:
4702:
4694:
4689:
4681:
4676:
4668:
4663:
4655:
4650:
4642:
4637:
4629:
4624:
4616:
4611:
4603:
4598:
4590:
4585:
4577:
4572:
4564:
4562:
4554:
4552:
4544:
4542:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4499:
4473:Wayback Machine
4447:
4442:
4416:
4412:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4387:
4383:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4360:
4352:
4345:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4313:
4311:
4302:
4301:
4294:
4277:
4276:
4272:
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4253:
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4238:
4221:
4217:
4207:
4205:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4181:
4179:
4167:
4163:
4148:10.2307/1497969
4132:
4128:
4118:
4116:
4109:"Li T'ieh-kuai"
4107:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4078:
4074:
4059:
4037:
4026:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4000:Wayback Machine
3991:
3987:
3976:
3972:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3931:
3921:
3917:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3873:
3869:
3859:
3857:
3842:
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3791:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3723:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3672:
3670:
3669:on 12 July 2010
3649:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3632:on 26 June 2010
3612:
3608:
3553:
3549:
3532:
3528:
3512:
3508:
3498:
3496:
3489:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3397:
3393:
3356:
3352:
3307:Economic Botany
3302:
3298:
3243:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3157:
3153:
3098:
3091:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3059:. 25 April 2009
3051:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3033:on 26 June 2015
3030:
3019:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2906:
2904:Enema equipment
2894:Sherlock Holmes
2878:
2872:
2867:
2858:
2844:
2836:
2827:
2813:
2804:
2789:
2780:
2770:
2722:
2710:
2703:
2702:made from gourd
2692:
2683:
2675:
2666:
2654:
2606:
2574:
2557:
2548:
2542:
2533:
2510:
2501:
2498:Saraswati veena
2495:
2486:
2473:
2464:
2452:
2400:Saraswati veena
2361:
2302:
2296:over from us".
2293:Safaradi Jewish
2289:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2261:
2252:
2245:
2213:Eight Immortals
2176:
2169:
2162:
2153:
2142:
2133:
2130:Toumani Diabaté
2122:
2113:
2090:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1936:
1931:
1922:
1914:
1890:
1882:
1862:(stir-fry) and
1832:Bengali cuisine
1804:sorakaya pulusu
1735:
1730:
1687:
1680:
1673:being sauteed (
1666:
1657:
1646:
1618:
1602:
1597:
1590:
1581:
1523:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1464:
1462:Central America
1459:
1437:
1432:
1390:
1377:
1364:
1351:
1338:
1325:
1312:
1299:
1287:
1257:
1244:
1235:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1202:
1194:
1185:
1177:
1168:
1160:
1151:
1144:
1115:
1104:
1099:
1080:
1075:
1046:
1041:
981:
950:
943:
929:
920:
913:
904:
901:
892:
891:Calabash flower
889:
880:
879:, United States
873:
864:
857:
848:
841:
832:
825:
816:
809:
774:
683:
601:is loaned from
595:
570:human migration
566:calabash gourds
530:New Guinea bean
526:birdhouse gourd
478:
474:
464:
447:Pepo lagenarius
283:Cucurbita longa
221:
220:
204:
194:
188:
175:
61:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5259:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5138:wfo-0000629160
5129:
5116:
5103:
5090:
5077:
5064:
5051:
5038:
5025:
5012:
5002:
4986:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4970:wfo-0000361549
4961:
4951:
4938:
4925:
4912:
4899:
4886:
4876:
4863:
4853:
4840:
4827:
4817:
4804:
4791:
4778:
4765:
4752:
4739:
4726:
4713:
4700:
4687:
4674:
4661:
4648:
4635:
4622:
4609:
4596:
4583:
4570:
4560:
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4540:
4525:
4509:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4489:
4488:
4476:
4475:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4446:
4445:External links
4443:
4441:
4440:
4410:
4396:
4381:
4343:
4321:
4292:
4270:
4251:
4236:
4215:
4189:
4161:
4142:(2): 162–164.
4126:
4097:
4090:
4072:
4057:
4024:
4004:
3985:
3970:
3953:(in Italian).
3941:
3929:The Daily Star
3915:
3896:
3867:
3840:
3819:
3785:
3760:
3733:(5): 233–236.
3712:
3701:on 5 July 2011
3680:
3643:
3606:
3547:
3542:MATRIX project
3526:
3506:
3487:
3467:
3439:
3411:(5): 893–900.
3391:
3370:(5): 893–900.
3350:
3296:
3232:
3210:
3188:
3166:
3151:
3089:
3070:
3044:
3016:BSBI List 2007
3006:
2972:
2950:
2919:
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2914:
2905:
2902:
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2868:
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2863:
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2558:
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2536:
2534:
2529:vichitra veena
2511:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2489:
2487:
2474:
2467:
2465:
2453:
2446:
2412:vichitra veena
2360:
2357:
2301:
2298:
2288:
2287:Jewish culture
2285:
2284:
2283:
2274:
2267:
2265:
2263:A bottle gourd
2262:
2255:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2154:
2143:
2136:
2134:
2123:
2116:
2114:
2091:
2084:
2045:-speaking and
2017:(West African
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1953:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1812:sorakaya pappu
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1667:
1660:
1658:
1647:
1640:
1617:
1614:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:Southeast Asia
1593:
1592:
1591:
1582:
1575:
1537:Korean cuisine
1522:
1519:
1490:
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1027:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1005:micronutrients
980:
977:
949:
946:
945:
944:
930:
923:
921:
914:
907:
905:
903:Calabash seeds
902:
895:
893:
890:
883:
881:
874:
867:
865:
858:
851:
849:
842:
835:
833:
826:
819:
817:
810:
803:
773:
770:
682:
679:
594:
591:
466:
465:
463:
462:
461:
460:
452:
444:
432:
420:
412:
404:
392:
380:
378:(Ser.) M.Hiroe
368:
360:
352:
350:(L.) Cockerell
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
256:
248:
243:Cucumis mairei
240:
232:
218:
217:
216:
213:
212:
206:
205:
195:
184:
183:
177:
176:
169:
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125:
118:
117:
112:
105:
104:
99:
92:
91:
86:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
50:
49:
41:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5258:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5139:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5069:
5065:
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5030:
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5022:
5017:
5013:
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5003:
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4979:
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4909:
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4779:
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4714:
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4688:
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4640:
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4623:
4619:
4614:
4610:
4606:
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4597:
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4199:
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4149:
4145:
4141:
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4130:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4093:
4091:9780452010703
4087:
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4076:
4068:
4064:
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4046:
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3997:
3994:
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3728:
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3717:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3647:
3631:
3627:
3626:Bhaskar Group
3623:
3622:
3617:
3610:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
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3538:
3530:
3522:
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3510:
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3471:
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3424:
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3378:
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3324:
3320:
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3283:
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3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3220:
3214:
3199:. p. 345
3198:
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3155:
3147:
3143:
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3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3094:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3058:
3057:FineGardening
3054:
3048:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3017:
3010:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2960:
2954:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2862:
2856:North America
2853:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2840:Mate burilado
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2797:with a metal
2796:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2750:mate burilado
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2720:South America
2717:
2715:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2647:
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2639:
2635:
2631:
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2615:
2613:
2612:
2601:
2599:
2598:surai-kuduvai
2594:
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2591:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2572:
2568:
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2555:
2550:
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2338:
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2323:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2294:
2280:
2279:
2271:
2266:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2167:
2160:
2155:
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2147:
2140:
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2131:
2127:
2120:
2115:
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2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1967:Cultural uses
1957:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1926:
1917:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1885:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:sorekayi dosé
1867:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1747:
1739:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1588:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1486:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1457:Culinary uses
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1231:
1224:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1167:Riboflavin (B
1164:
1157:
1155:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1052:Dietary fiber
1049:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:Carbohydrates
1033:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
985:carbohydrates
976:
973:
970:
967:
963:
959:
958:cucurbitacins
955:
954:Cucurbitaceae
942:
938:
934:
927:
922:
918:
911:
906:
899:
894:
887:
882:
878:
871:
866:
862:
855:
850:
846:
839:
834:
831:, Philippines
830:
823:
818:
814:
807:
802:
801:
800:
797:
794:
790:
783:
778:
769:
766:
761:
759:
758:Paleo-Indians
755:
751:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
719:domestication
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
687:
678:
676:
672:
669:
665:
662:
658:
654:
650:
647:
643:
640:
636:
633:
629:
625:
621:
618:
614:
611:
607:
604:
603:Middle French
600:
590:
588:
587:
581:
579:
576:) during the
575:
571:
567:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:Tasmania bean
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
505:
472:
456:
453:
448:
445:
440:
436:
433:
428:
424:
421:
416:
413:
408:
405:
400:
396:
393:
388:
384:
381:
376:
372:
369:
364:
361:
356:
353:
348:
345:
342:(Willd.) Ser.
340:
337:
332:
329:
324:
321:
316:
313:
308:
305:
300:
297:
292:
289:
284:
281:
276:
273:
268:
265:
260:
257:
252:
249:
244:
241:
236:
233:
228:
225:
224:
223:
222:
214:
211:
207:
203:
199:
193:
191:
185:
182:
181:Binomial name
178:
174:
173:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:Cucurbitaceae
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:Tracheophytes
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
51:
47:
42:
37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
5231:Pipe smoking
4981:
4504:
4480:
4429:(1): 75–76.
4426:
4422:
4413:
4399:
4390:
4384:
4372:. Retrieved
4365:the original
4356:
4338:the original
4333:
4324:
4312:. Retrieved
4308:the original
4282:
4273:
4265:the original
4254:
4239:
4225:
4218:
4206:. Retrieved
4201:
4192:
4180:. Retrieved
4174:
4164:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4117:. Retrieved
4112:
4081:
4075:
4040:
4016:
4007:
3988:
3973:
3964:10447/492973
3954:
3950:
3944:
3932:. Retrieved
3928:
3918:
3912:(in Korean).
3909:
3899:
3887:. Retrieved
3880:
3870:
3858:. Retrieved
3830:
3822:
3810:. Retrieved
3801:
3788:
3776:. Retrieved
3772:
3763:
3730:
3726:
3703:. Retrieved
3699:the original
3692:
3683:
3671:. Retrieved
3667:the original
3663:Living Media
3656:
3646:
3634:. Retrieved
3630:the original
3619:
3609:
3564:
3560:
3550:
3536:
3529:
3519:
3509:
3497:. Retrieved
3493:the original
3477:
3470:
3458:. Retrieved
3454:the original
3448:
3442:
3430:. Retrieved
3408:
3404:
3394:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3313:(4): 501–8.
3310:
3306:
3299:
3254:
3250:
3223:. Retrieved
3213:
3201:. Retrieved
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3177:. p. 39
3169:
3160:
3154:
3109:
3105:
3083:
3073:
3061:. Retrieved
3056:
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3028:the original
3015:
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2992:
2986:
2975:
2963:. Retrieved
2953:
2941:. Retrieved
2936:
2930:
2923:
2907:
2879:
2859:
2847:
2838:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2798:
2792:
2776:
2773:L. siceraria
2772:
2760:calabashes.
2757:
2753:
2745:
2733:
2725:
2723:
2714:penis sheath
2711:
2699:
2696:Diego Silang
2677:
2656:
2637:
2629:
2616:
2609:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2577:
2570:
2564:
2560:
2527:
2521:
2482:
2476:
2462:(down right)
2461:
2454:
2427:
2425:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2348:
2344:
2337:Māori people
2334:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2290:
2276:
2251:cricket cage
2249:Qing dynasty
2232:
2229:pet crickets
2225:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2179:
2177:
2164:The African
2093:
2092:Calabashes (
2079:
2055:South Africa
2049:peoples. In
2030:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1986:
1975:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1923:
1915:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1883:
1869:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1839:
1835:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1788:
1768:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1707:
1688:
1631:
1619:
1603:
1583:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1484:
1467:
1465:
1413:
1408:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1094:
1070:
1036:
999:(10% of the
982:
974:
969:triterpenoid
951:
798:
795:
791:
787:
781:
762:
746:
741:
723:
711:L. siceraria
710:
703:L. siceraria
702:
692:
674:
670:
663:
656:
652:
648:
641:
634:
619:
612:
605:
598:
596:
584:
582:
565:
562:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
514:bottle gourd
513:
509:
470:
469:
454:
446:
438:
434:
426:
422:
414:
406:
398:
394:
386:
382:
374:
370:
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
322:
314:
306:
298:
290:
286:W.M.Fletcher
282:
274:
266:
258:
250:
242:
238:(L.) Dumort.
234:
226:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
138:Cucurbitales
121:
108:
95:
82:
33:
4895:kew-2342950
4782:NatureServe
4717:iNaturalist
4529:Wikispecies
4208:29 November
3889:15 December
3885:(in Korean)
3658:India Today
3432:28 November
3328:10113/44303
3163:: 56:69–82.
2604:Philippines
2569:may have a
2460:rudra veena
2440:Maharashtra
2406:rudra veena
2341:New Zealand
2124:The Malian
2067:FNB Stadium
1828:West Bengal
1820:Lau chingri
1769:dudhi chana
1765:Maharashtra
1755:lauki chana
1616:Philippines
1535:is used in
1150:Thiamine (B
1001:Daily Value
966:tetracyclic
845:West Bengal
772:Cultivation
738:Carolingian
387:laevisperma
102:Angiosperms
5155:Categories
4890:Plant List
4334:Daly Music
4182:10 October
4119:26 October
3219:"calabaza"
3084:The Kitchn
3037:17 October
2999:22 January
2981:USDA, NRCS
2943:2 December
2916:References
2886:meerschaum
2874:See also:
2865:Other uses
2742:yerba mate
2728:(from the
2708:New Guinea
2581:ascetics (
2217:Li Tieguai
2150:Marionette
1880:Bangladesh
1781:fish curry
1728:South Asia
1636:) dishes.
1345:Phosphorus
780:Pollen of
707:cultivated
661:Portuguese
542:opo squash
522:long melon
399:microcarpa
25:Crescentia
5186:Lagenaria
4997:Q38645686
4683:200022692
4657:200022692
4067:243438207
3934:12 August
3882:ChosunBiz
3225:26 August
3203:26 August
3181:26 August
2888:, though
2636:with the
2590:kamandalu
2434:and near
2308:known by
2306:Polynesia
2300:Polynesia
2144:Calabash
2112:(c. 1990)
2102:palm wine
1993:harp-lute
1983:Ṣẹ̀kẹ̀rẹ̀
1979:palm wine
1920:Sri Lanka
1796:Telangana
1760:chana dal
1699:snakehead
1655:sotanghon
1568:saengchae
1510:makizushi
1476:East Asia
1358:Potassium
1332:Manganese
1319:Magnesium
1251:Vitamin C
1234:Folate (B
1218:Vitamin B
1184:Niacin (B
997:vitamin C
979:Nutrition
962:cytotoxic
750:New World
734:Reichenau
715:selection
675:caramazza
671:caravazza
653:carabasso
649:calebasso
635:carabassa
620:calapaccu
606:calebasse
593:Etymology
574:New World
554:container
550:vegetable
166:Species:
159:Lagenaria
72:Kingdom:
39:Calabash
5120:Tropicos
5086:10212175
4991:Wikidata
4942:Tropicos
4856:PalDat:
4787:2.158938
4748:10197559
4735:134809-2
4520:Q1277255
4514:Wikidata
4469:Archived
4435:44442727
4314:19 March
4287:Archived
4233:Library.
4172:(1922).
4018:BBC News
3996:Archived
3957:: 1–11.
3854:Archived
3850:30844154
3812:28 March
3806:Archived
3796:(2024).
3755:12653649
3747:21986853
3601:24516122
3517:(2002).
3427:16401685
3386:16401685
3345:32430173
3291:16352716
3146:16352716
2983:(n.d.).
2843:in Peru
2800:bombilla
2754:burilado
2700:tamburaw
2694:Bust of
2630:tamburaw
2516:used in
2478:Surbahar
2458:and one
2417:Buddhist
2376:surbahar
2349:tahā wai
2322:ipu heke
2221:Shouxing
2152:) (2020)
2023:shegureh
1912:Pakistan
1894:Madheshi
1856:Sorekayi
1800:sorakaya
1714:tendrils
1606:fritters
1549:bak-goji
1545:bak-goji
1513:(rolled
1469:horchata
1414:Quantity
1339:0.066 mg
1279:Quantity
1273:Minerals
1228:0.038 mg
1212:0.144 mg
1178:0.022 mg
1161:0.029 mg
1136:Quantity
1130:Vitamins
948:Toxicity
847:, India.
742:Hortulus
668:Sicilian
657:carbasso
639:Galician
628:galapago
624:carapace
613:calabaza
599:calabash
471:Calabash
375:depressa
318:Chakrav.
278:Duchesne
210:Synonyms
144:Family:
115:Eudicots
21:Calabaza
5166:Bottles
5125:9200554
5073:72112-2
5047:2874676
4957:4951910
4947:9200413
4769:MoBotPF
4696:2874672
4600:Ecocrop
4407:. 1906.
4374:6 March
4156:1497969
3860:21 June
3705:28 June
3592:3939861
3569:Bibcode
3499:14 July
3460:14 July
3337:4256864
3282:1311910
3259:Bibcode
3137:1311910
3114:Bibcode
3063:25 July
2882:tobacco
2779:" type.
2730:Quichua
2679:Salakot
2661:in the
2658:Salakot
2627:Ilocano
2611:salakot
2566:tanpura
2561:tambura
2428:toombas
2423:sages.
2387:tambura
2382:tanpura
2345:ipu kai
2291:In the
2128:player
2098:Kikongo
2075:puppets
2063:AmaZulu
2051:Nigeria
2039:Songhai
2031:balafon
2027:balangi
2019:marimba
2014:balafon
1905:khichdi
1865:Sambaru
1816:lentils
1773:chutney
1691:Vietnam
1685:Vietnam
1610:mohinga
1554:japchae
1313:0.25 mg
1293:Calcium
1195:0.39 mg
1096:Protein
989:protein
937:Kunming
815:, Korea
765:plastid
754:ice age
681:History
646:Occitan
632:Catalan
617:Iberian
610:Spanish
556:, or a
544:, is a
427:clavata
326:M.Roem.
294:M.Roem.
202:Standl.
154:Genus:
134:Order:
76:Plantae
5099:511849
5060:400159
5021:199728
5005:APDB:
4954:uBio:
4934:1939-3
4903:PLANTS
4849:379288
4820:NZOR:
4774:279559
4722:164415
4644:168459
4618:595796
4563:APDB:
4543:AoFP:
4433:
4154:
4088:
4065:
4055:
3848:
3838:
3778:7 July
3753:
3745:
3673:9 July
3636:9 July
3599:
3589:
3485:
3425:
3384:
3343:
3335:
3289:
3279:
3144:
3134:
2910:enemas
2571:toomba
2545:Ektara
2456:Sitars
2432:Bengal
2426:These
2395:toomba
2391:toomba
2379:, the
2373:, the
2367:. The
2365:toomba
2317:Hawaii
2278:hulusi
2233:hulusi
2168:(2017)
2146:puppet
2059:Bapedi
2035:Fulani
1972:Africa
1929:Europe
1848:handvo
1814:(with
1789:Lauki
1722:greens
1718:leaves
1716:, and
1710:shoots
1703:hotpot
1676:ginisa
1633:pancit
1628:tinola
1563:baksok
1559:gimbap
1541:baksok
1504:kanpyō
1391:0.7 mg
1371:Sodium
1365:170 mg
1258:8.5 mg
1079:0.02 g
1045:3.69 g
1022:Energy
933:Yunnan
919:, 2007
664:cabaça
642:cabaza
540:, and
450:Moench
439:gourda
390:Millán
366:Naudin
302:Molina
262:Willd.
254:Molina
246:H.Lév.
198:Molina
128:Rosids
5216:Namul
5081:IRMNG
5034:6BPP9
5008:26133
4929:SANBI
4879:PFI:
4761:22386
4743:IRMNG
4709:21385
4665:FoAO2
4639:EUNIS
4631:LGNSI
4592:3RWFV
4579:88084
4566:26208
4553:APA:
4431:JSTOR
4368:(PDF)
4361:(PDF)
4198:"Hue"
4152:JSTOR
4063:S2CID
3751:S2CID
3341:S2CID
3333:JSTOR
3031:(xls)
3020:(xls)
2965:6 May
2734:mathi
2732:word
2726:mates
2623:Luzon
2614:hat.
2584:sadhu
2579:Hindu
2523:veena
2483:sitar
2436:Miraj
2370:sitar
2359:India
2174:China
2094:nkalu
2047:Hausa
2003:ngoni
1998:xalam
1934:Italy
1899:halva
1888:Nepal
1860:palya
1852:dudhi
1840:kaddu
1836:lauki
1824:prawn
1791:kheer
1785:curry
1779:with
1777:Assam
1733:India
1653:with
1600:Burma
1586:namul
1528:namul
1521:Korea
1515:sushi
1489:Japan
1481:China
1420:Water
1352:13 mg
1326:11 mg
1300:24 mg
1103:0.6 g
1056:1.2 g
987:, 1%
941:China
813:Seoul
673:(and
458:Cogn.
437:var.
425:var.
385:var.
358:Rusby
310:Blume
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
83:Clade
5107:POWO
5094:ITIS
5068:IPNI
5055:GRIN
5042:GBIF
5016:APNI
4916:POWO
4908:LASI
4882:3315
4867:PfaF
4836:6938
4813:3668
4808:NCBI
4756:ITIS
4730:IPNI
4704:GRIN
4691:GBIF
4626:EPPO
4605:1315
4574:APNI
4556:1670
4546:1349
4376:2020
4316:2014
4210:2022
4184:2021
4121:2008
4086:ISBN
4053:ISBN
3936:2021
3891:2016
3862:2024
3846:PMID
3836:ISBN
3814:2024
3780:2018
3743:PMID
3707:2010
3675:2010
3638:2010
3597:PMID
3501:2010
3483:ISBN
3462:2010
3434:2022
3423:PMID
3382:PMID
3287:PMID
3227:2024
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