634:
653:
is mediated by sodium influx into a cell; changing the calcium permeability has little effect on action potentials. However, in many smooth muscle tissues, depolarization is mediated primarily by calcium influx into the cell. L-type calcium channel blockers selectively inhibit these action potentials
665:. Increased calcium conductance in the neurons leads to increased depolarization and excitability. This leads to a greater predisposition to epileptic episodes. Calcium channel blockers reduce the neuronal calcium conductance and reduce the likelihood of experiencing epileptic attacks.
196:
Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, bone (osteoblasts), ventricular myocytes** (responsible for prolonged action potential in cardiac cell; also termed DHP receptors), dendrites and dendritic spines of cortical neurons
43:. Other calcium channels can also be regulated by both voltage and ligands to provide precise control over ion flow. Some cation channels allow calcium as well as other cations to pass through the membrane.
694:
2004:
2914:
2649:
1901:
1834:
549:
1237:
65:
The following tables explain gating, gene, location and function of different types of calcium channels, both voltage and ligand-gated.
1136:
The Weiss Lab is investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human diseases caused by dysfunction of ion channels
1143:
2845:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
610:
2850:
1948:
1220:
601:
There are several cation channel families that allow positively charged ions including calcium to pass through. These include
972:
807:
2902:
2083:
699:
606:
3461:
2800:
1821:
2586:
3179:
2178:
1956:
1272:
532:
3201:
904:
Putney JW, Steinckwich-Besançon N, Numaga-Tomita T, Davis FM, Desai PN, D'Agostin DM, et al. (June 2017).
464:
3410:
1321:
621:. These channels can be regulated by membrane voltage potentials, ligands, and/or other cellular conditions.
74:
32:
625:
channels, found in mammalian sperm, are one example of this as they are voltage gated and ligand regulated.
2776:
1688:
996:
Wu, Jianping; Yan, Zhen; Li, Zhangqiang; Yan, Chuangye; Lu, Shan; Dong, Mengqiu; Yan, Nieng (2015-12-18).
3051:
1166:
3456:
1229:
1213:
3466:
3405:
1615:
724:
3395:
1656:
1532:
1198:
1192:
622:
614:
510:
3400:
658:
642:
51:
395:
380:
365:
322:
276:
220:
182:
167:
153:
138:
3431:
1423:
1410:
1397:
1377:
1364:
1329:
1051:
Katz AM (September 1986). "Pharmacology and mechanisms of action of calcium-channel blockers".
956:
Textbook of Ion
Channels Volume II: Properties, Function, and Pharmacology of the Superfamilies
654:
in smooth muscle which leads to dilation of blood vessels; this in turn corrects hypertension.
576:
527:
488:
347:
313:
304:
259:
255:
211:
202:
120:
824:"TPCN1 - Two pore calcium channel protein 1 - Homo sapiens (Human) - TPCN1 gene & protein"
3451:
1206:
572:
523:
484:
473:
1188:
1304:
8:
2771:
1647:
1294:
1104:
1079:
1033:
978:
930:
905:
881:
848:
674:
637:
Depiction of binding sites of various antagonistic drugs in the L-type calcium channel.
505:
36:
1171:
a manually curated database of protein-protein interactions for mammalian TRP channels
1151:
997:
711:
Striggow F, Ehrlich BE (August 1996). "Ligand-gated calcium channels inside and out".
1809:
1109:
1060:
1025:
1017:
982:
968:
935:
886:
868:
803:
775:
767:
728:
1037:
954:
50:
across cell membranes. Calcium channels can also be used to release calcium ions as
2578:
1559:
1099:
1091:
1009:
960:
925:
917:
876:
860:
757:
720:
543:
290:
47:
3114:
921:
762:
745:
585:
2910:
1597:
864:
650:
1095:
3445:
2864:
2537:
1021:
872:
771:
2897:
2795:
1013:
903:
517:
and increased intracellular calcium (Calcium
Induced Calcium Release - CICR)
3217:
2608:
1113:
1029:
939:
890:
779:
731:
646:
618:
602:
339:
297:
1064:
964:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3019:
2858:
1233:
823:
633:
24:
1150:. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived from
3127:
2493:
1861:
1829:
561:
NAADP-activated calcium transport across endosomal/lysosomal membranes
409:
336:
294:
3212:
3122:
405:
1228:
3225:
2573:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1469:
1464:
662:
514:
413:
3352:
3109:
2945:
1446:
1441:
1436:
998:"Structure of the voltage-gated calcium channel Ca v 1.1 complex"
536:
386:
371:
356:
54:
within the cell, affecting downstream signaling pathways.
28:
3029:
3024:
2758:
2753:
2699:
2694:
2510:
2498:
2488:
2483:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2230:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2071:
2066:
2056:
2051:
2046:
1997:
1992:
1982:
1977:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1725:
1720:
1710:
1705:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1390:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
267:
173:
158:
144:
129:
40:
596:
35:, which are a type of calcium channel regulated by changes in
3263:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3101:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3014:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2840:
2784:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2613:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2505:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2424:
2419:
2405:
2400:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2372:
2367:
2358:
2353:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2244:
2239:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2061:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
1987:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1911:
1906:
1886:
1871:
1866:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1750:
1730:
1715:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1569:
1564:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1131:
910:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
247:
1174:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3058:
3046:
3041:
3036:
2967:
2920:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2596:
2414:
1972:
1309:
1299:
498:
39:. Some calcium channels are regulated by the binding of a
1916:
1876:
1077:
1080:"Role of voltage-gated calcium channels in epilepsy"
46:
Calcium channels can participate in the creation of
16:
Ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass
906:"The functions of store-operated calcium channels"
3443:
3386:
847:Prakriya, Murali; Lewis, Richard S. (Oct 2015).
802:. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 54.
1078:Zamponi GW, Lory P, Perez-Reyes E (July 2010).
548:Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (
953:Zheng, Jie; Trudeau, Matthew C. (2023-06-06).
1214:
1148:IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels
846:
493:Releases calcium from ER/SR in response to IP
952:
590:Provides calcium signaling to the cytoplasm
607:Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels
597:Non-selective Channels Permeable to Calcium
1221:
1207:
995:
1805:
1250:
1191:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1103:
929:
880:
761:
793:
791:
789:
632:
3374:
1593:
743:
3444:
611:Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels
31:ions. It is sometimes synonymous with
27:which shows selective permeability to
3373:
2558:
1804:
1592:
1249:
1202:
959:(1 ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
786:
1050:
797:
746:"A Crash Course in Calcium Channels"
705:
677: – Use of calcium by organisms.
60:
2587:Calcium-activated chloride channels
123:("Long-Lasting" AKA "DHP Receptor")
13:
1657:Amiloride-sensitive cation channel
429:receptor-operated calcium channels
14:
3478:
2559:
1124:
849:"Store-Operated Calcium Channels"
744:Zamponi, Gerald W. (2017-12-20).
81:voltage-operated calcium channels
1053:Journal of Clinical Hypertension
68:
3180:Voltage-dependent anion channel
1273:Inositol trisphosphate receptor
1071:
1044:
713:Current Opinion in Cell Biology
628:
533:Calcium-induced calcium release
422:
250:and peripheral nervous system.
3202:General bacterial porin family
989:
946:
897:
840:
816:
737:
688:
310:intermediate-voltage-activated
1:
725:10.1016/S0955-0674(96)80025-1
681:
649:. In most areas of the body,
558:endosomal/lysosomal membranes
75:voltage-gated calcium channel
33:voltage-gated calcium channel
1144:"Voltage-Gated Ion Channels"
922:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.11.028
763:10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00415
700:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
264:HVA (high voltage activated)
208:HVA (high-voltage-activated)
126:HVA (high voltage activated)
7:
668:
10:
3483:
3462:Integral membrane proteins
2621:Chloride Channel Accessory
1230:Membrane transport protein
865:10.1152/physrev.00020.2014
72:
3427:
3382:
3369:
3210:
3099:
2895:
2793:
2769:
2571:
2567:
2554:
2177:
2082:
1947:
1820:
1816:
1800:
1687:
1646:
1616:Epithelial sodium channel
1608:
1604:
1588:
1320:
1265:
1261:
1245:
1096:10.1007/s00424-009-0772-x
750:ACS Chemical Neuroscience
615:Acid-sensing ion channels
511:dihydropyridine receptors
404:neurons, cells that have
1533:Cation channels of sperm
1193:Medical Subject Headings
659:calcium channel blockers
643:calcium channel blockers
1014:10.1126/science.aad2395
567:store-operated channels
638:
348:T-type calcium channel
305:R-type calcium channel
260:Q-type calcium channel
256:P-type calcium channel
203:N-type calcium channel
121:L-type calcium channel
1609:Constitutively active
965:10.1201/9781003096276
853:Physiological Reviews
636:
353:low-voltage-activated
1059:(3 Suppl): 28S–37S.
579:depletion of calcium
293:in the cerebellum /
3376:By gating mechanism
582:ORAI1, ORAI2, ORAI3
481:ITPR1, ITPR2, ITPR3
114:Most often found in
109:Associated subunits
104:subunit (gene name)
2903:TRP cation channel
2801:CNG cation channel
2084:Tandem pore domain
1295:Ryanodine receptor
675:Calcium in biology
661:are used to treat
645:are used to treat
639:
506:Ryanodine receptor
205:("Neural"/"Non-L")
37:membrane potential
3457:Electrophysiology
3439:
3438:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3411:Stretch-activated
3388:Ion channel class
3365:
3364:
3361:
3360:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2545:
1822:Calcium-activated
1810:Potassium channel
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1008:(6267): aad2395.
974:978-1-003-09627-6
809:978-0-443-07145-4
756:(12): 2583–2585.
695:"calcium channel"
594:
593:
420:
419:
61:Comparison tables
52:second messengers
48:action potentials
3474:
3467:Calcium channels
3384:
3383:
3371:
3370:
2579:Chloride channel
2569:
2568:
2556:
2555:
1949:Inward-rectifier
1818:
1817:
1802:
1801:
1606:
1605:
1590:
1589:
1560:Two-pore channel
1263:
1262:
1247:
1246:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1200:
1199:
1189:Calcium+Channels
1185:
1183:
1182:
1173:. Archived from
1162:
1160:
1159:
1139:
1118:
1117:
1107:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1048:
1042:
1041:
993:
987:
986:
950:
944:
943:
933:
901:
895:
894:
884:
859:(4): 1383–1436.
844:
838:
837:
835:
834:
820:
814:
813:
798:Rang HP (2003).
795:
784:
783:
765:
741:
735:
709:
703:
692:
544:Two-pore channel
520:RYR1, RYR2, RYR3
434:
433:
408:activity, bone (
342:, other neurons
333:δ, β, possibly γ
291:Purkinje neurons
287:δ, β, possibly γ
86:
85:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3415:
3378:
3357:
3206:
3105:
3095:
2891:
2789:
2765:
2563:
2542:
2456:
2333:
2190:
2173:
2078:
2042:
2012:
1968:
1960:
1943:
1897:
1812:
1788:
1761:
1700:
1683:
1642:
1600:
1576:
1459:
1431:
1418:
1405:
1385:
1372:
1337:
1316:
1257:
1255:Calcium channel
1241:
1227:
1180:
1178:
1167:"TRIP Database"
1165:
1157:
1155:
1142:
1132:"The Weiss Lab"
1130:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1084:Pflügers Archiv
1076:
1072:
1049:
1045:
994:
990:
975:
951:
947:
902:
898:
845:
841:
832:
830:
828:www.uniprot.org
822:
821:
817:
810:
796:
787:
742:
738:
710:
706:
693:
689:
684:
671:
631:
599:
586:plasma membrane
496:
477:
468:
425:
390:
385:
375:
370:
360:
332:
317:
286:
271:
246:Throughout the
242:
238:
234:
230:
215:
192:
177:
172:
162:
148:
143:
133:
103:
77:
71:
63:
21:calcium channel
17:
12:
11:
5:
3480:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3437:
3436:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3380:
3379:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3222:
3220:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3119:
3117:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3039:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2918:
2907:
2905:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2805:
2803:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2777:Proton channel
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2583:
2581:
2565:
2564:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2010:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1826:
1824:
1814:
1813:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1653:
1651:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1612:
1610:
1602:
1601:
1598:Sodium channel
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1529:
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1125:External links
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2561:Miscellaneous
2557:
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2538:Shaker (gene)
2536:
2532:
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2511:minK/ISK-like
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2179:Voltage-gated
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1339:
1331:
1328:
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1325:
1323:
1322:Voltage-gated
1319:
1311:
1308:
1306:
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1298:
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1286:
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1224:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1177:on 2016-08-10
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1154:on 2021-04-17
1153:
1149:
1145:
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1137:
1133:
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1128:
1115:
1111:
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664:
660:
655:
652:
648:
644:
635:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:P2X receptors
589:
587:
584:
581:
578:
574:
570:
568:
565:
564:
560:
557:
554:
551:
547:
545:
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463:
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459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
430:
427:
426:
415:
412:), thalamus (
411:
407:
403:
401:
398:
397:
392:
383:
382:
377:
368:
367:
362:
355:
352:
350:("Transient")
349:
346:
345:
341:
340:granule cells
338:
335:
328:
325:
324:
319:
312:
309:
306:
303:
302:
299:
298:granule cells
296:
292:
289:
282:
279:
278:
273:
266:
263:
261:
257:
254:
253:
249:
245:
226:
223:
222:
217:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
195:
188:
185:
184:
179:
170:
169:
164:
156:
155:
150:
141:
140:
135:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
82:
79:
78:
76:
69:Voltage-gated
66:
58:
57:
53:
49:
44:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3452:Ion channels
3429:
3396:Ligand-gated
3387:
3375:
3218:Gap junction
3211:
3100:
2896:
2857:
2835:
2808:
2794:
2770:
2748:
2706:
2654:
2620:
2603:
2591:
2572:
2560:
2515:
2478:
2452:
2329:
2186:
2091:
2038:
2008:
1964:
1893:
1806:
1757:
1696:
1594:
1503:
1476:
1455:
1427:
1414:
1401:
1381:
1368:
1333:
1266:Ligand-gated
1254:
1251:
1234:ion channels
1179:. Retrieved
1175:the original
1170:
1156:. Retrieved
1152:the original
1147:
1135:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1005:
1001:
991:
955:
948:
913:
909:
899:
856:
852:
842:
831:. Retrieved
827:
818:
800:Pharmacology
799:
753:
749:
739:
716:
712:
707:
698:
690:
656:
647:hypertension
640:
629:Pharmacology
619:SOC channels
600:
566:
555:TPCN1, TPCN2
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
428:
423:Ligand-gated
394:
379:
364:
321:
307:("Residual")
275:
243:, possibly γ
219:
181:
166:
152:
137:
113:
108:
99:
94:
89:
80:
64:
55:
45:
20:
18:
3401:Light-gated
1883:IK channel
25:ion channel
3446:Categories
2604:Bestrophin
1862:SK channel
1830:BK channel
1504:γ-subunits
1477:β-subunits
1460:δ-subunits
1181:2021-06-18
1158:2008-12-17
833:2017-12-11
682:References
410:osteocytes
337:Cerebellar
295:Cerebellar
3432:disorders
3430:see also
3213:Cytoplasm
3123:Aquaporin
2592:Anoctamin
2415:11.1/hERG
1022:0036-8075
983:259784278
873:0031-9333
772:1948-7193
515:T-tubules
406:pacemaker
3226:Connexin
2506:minK/ISK
1114:20091047
1038:22271779
1030:26680202
940:27913208
891:26400989
780:29131938
669:See also
663:epilepsy
623:Cat-Sper
537:myocytes
497:by e.g.
469:receptor
458:Function
453:Location
443:Gated by
414:thalamus
3353:Innexin
3110:solutes
1105:3312315
1065:3540226
1002:Science
931:5420336
882:4600950
732:8791458
657:T-type
641:L-type
396:CACNA1I
381:CACNA1H
366:CACNA1G
323:CACNA1E
277:CACNA1A
221:CACNA1B
193:δ, β, γ
183:CACNA1F
168:CACNA1D
154:CACNA1C
139:CACNA1S
95:Voltage
29:calcium
1650:-gated
1648:Proton
1424:T-type
1411:R-type
1398:Q-type
1378:P-type
1365:N-type
1330:L-type
1195:(MeSH)
1112:
1102:
1063:
1036:
1028:
1020:
981:
971:
938:
928:
889:
879:
871:
806:
778:
770:
617:, and
56:
41:ligand
23:is an
3264:GJA10
3115:Porin
3015:TRPML
2785:HVCN1
2479:KCNIP
2334:α7-12
1238:TC 1A
1034:S2CID
979:S2CID
550:NAADP
499:GPCRs
248:brain
3344:GJD4
3339:GJD3
3334:GJD2
3324:GJC3
3319:GJC2
3314:GJC1
3304:GJB7
3299:GJB6
3294:GJB5
3289:GJB4
3284:GJB3
3279:GJB2
3274:GJB1
3259:GJA9
3254:GJA8
3249:GJA5
3244:GJA4
3239:GJA3
3234:GJA1
3059:TRPV
3042:TRPP
3037:TRPN
2968:TRPM
2921:TRPC
2911:TRPA
2749:CLNS
2707:CLIC
2655:CLCN
2650:CFTR
2597:ANO1
2516:MiRP
2444:12.3
2439:12.2
2434:12.1
2425:11.3
2420:11.2
2406:10.2
2401:10.1
2191:α1-6
2005:GIRK
1419:α2.3
1406:α2.1
1373:α2.2
1110:PMID
1061:PMID
1026:PMID
1018:ISSN
969:ISBN
936:PMID
914:1864
887:PMID
869:ISSN
804:ISBN
776:PMID
768:ISSN
729:PMID
448:Gene
438:Type
90:Type
3108:(+
2946:4AP
2859:HCN
2392:9.3
2387:9.2
2382:9.1
2373:8.2
2368:8.1
2359:7.5
2354:7.4
2349:7.3
2344:7.2
2339:7.1
2321:6.4
2316:6.3
2311:6.2
2306:6.1
2297:5.1
2288:4.3
2283:4.2
2278:4.1
2269:3.4
2264:3.3
2259:3.2
2254:3.1
2245:2.2
2240:2.1
2231:1.8
2226:1.7
2221:1.6
2216:1.5
2211:1.4
2206:1.3
2201:1.2
2196:1.1
2092:K2P
2072:7.1
2067:6.2
2062:6.1
2057:5.1
2052:4.2
2047:4.1
2032:3.4
2027:3.3
2022:3.2
2017:3.1
1998:2.6
1993:2.4
1988:2.3
1983:2.2
1978:2.1
1973:1.1
1959:ATP
1937:5.1
1932:4.2
1927:4.1
1922:3.1
1917:2.3
1912:2.2
1907:2.1
1902:1.1
1887:IK1
1877:SK3
1872:SK2
1867:SK1
1746:1.9
1741:1.8
1736:1.7
1731:1.6
1726:1.5
1721:1.4
1716:1.3
1711:1.2
1706:1.1
1595:Na:
1447:3.3
1442:3.2
1437:3.1
1391:2.1
1358:1.4
1353:1.3
1348:1.2
1343:1.1
1252:Ca:
1100:PMC
1092:doi
1088:460
1010:doi
1006:350
961:doi
926:PMC
918:doi
877:PMC
861:doi
758:doi
721:doi
697:at
535:in
513:in
391:3.3
376:3.2
361:3.1
318:2.3
272:2.1
239:, β
235:, β
231:δ/β
216:2.2
178:1.4
163:1.3
149:1.2
134:1.1
3448::
3330:D
3310:C
3270:B
3230:A
3112:):
2865:FC
2759:1B
2754:1A
2742:L1
2700:KB
2695:KA
2574:Cl
2167:18
2162:17
2157:16
2152:15
2147:13
2142:12
2137:10
2041:ir
2011:ir
1967:ir
1896:Ca
1855:β4
1850:β3
1845:β2
1840:β1
1835:α1
1807:K:
1758:Na
1751:7A
1697:Na
1524:γ4
1519:γ3
1514:γ2
1509:γ1
1497:β4
1492:β3
1487:β2
1482:β1
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613:,
609:,
605:,
577:SR
573:ER
528:SR
524:ER
489:SR
485:ER
474:IP
465:IP
416:)
387:Ca
372:Ca
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314:Ca
268:Ca
212:Ca
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145:Ca
130:Ca
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3195:3
3190:2
3185:1
3173:9
3168:8
3163:7
3158:6
3153:5
3148:4
3143:3
3138:2
3133:1
3128:0
3106:O
3104:2
3102:H
3089:6
3084:5
3079:4
3074:3
3069:2
3064:1
3052:2
3047:1
3030:3
3025:2
3020:1
3008:8
3003:7
2998:6
2993:5
2988:4
2983:3
2978:2
2973:1
2961:7
2956:6
2951:5
2941:4
2936:3
2931:2
2926:1
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2915:1
2913:(
2900::
2898:M
2885:4
2880:3
2875:2
2870:1
2851:3
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2841:1
2836:β
2829:4
2824:3
2819:2
2814:1
2809:α
2798::
2796:M
2774::
2772:H
2737:6
2732:5
2727:4
2722:3
2717:2
2712:1
2690:7
2685:6
2680:5
2675:4
2670:3
2665:2
2660:1
2641:4
2636:3
2631:2
2626:1
2614:2
2609:1
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2531:3
2526:2
2521:1
2499:4
2494:3
2489:2
2484:1
2472:3
2467:2
2462:1
2457:β
2455:v
2453:K
2332:v
2330:K
2189:v
2187:K
2132:9
2127:7
2122:6
2117:5
2112:4
2107:3
2102:2
2097:1
2039:K
2009:K
2007:/
1965:K
1957:K
1894:K
1782:4
1777:3
1772:2
1767:1
1762:β
1760:v
1701:α
1699:v
1677:4
1672:3
1667:2
1662:1
1636:δ
1631:γ
1626:β
1621:α
1570:2
1565:1
1553:4
1548:3
1543:2
1538:1
1470:2
1465:1
1458:2
1456:α
1432:α
1430:v
1426:/
1417:v
1413:/
1404:v
1400:/
1386:α
1384:v
1380:/
1371:v
1367:/
1338:α
1336:v
1332:/
1310:3
1305:2
1300:1
1288:3
1283:2
1278:1
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1222:e
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920::
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760::
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723::
717:8
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526:/
495:3
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476:3
467:3
399:)
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389:v
384:)
378:(
374:v
369:)
363:(
359:v
331:2
329:α
326:)
320:(
316:v
285:2
283:α
280:)
274:(
270:v
241:4
237:3
233:1
229:2
227:α
224:)
218:(
214:v
191:2
189:α
186:)
180:(
176:v
171:)
165:(
161:v
151:(
147:v
142:)
136:(
132:v
102:1
100:α
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