187:
almost every one of them is subject to their exclusive species being at greater risk from the impact of humans. The greatest threat to this area is wilderness destruction caused by large commercial farming industries and the heavy expansion of urban areas. Conservation
International proposed a strategy in 1998, to focus more specifically on areas of the California Floristic Province that contained the most human impact in order to lower the threat to the region. The issues that are causing the most threats to this province include but are not limited to population pressures, loss of habitat, unsustainable resource use, and introduced non-native species.
789:
Biodiversity hotspots face the highest threats due to the fact that their resources and animal or plant species cannot be replicated or found in any other regions on the planet. Conservation efforts receive little to no funding to put toward the protection of these extremely distinctive hotspots. So
729:
population. The large farms that grow from this demand cause the greater loss of the biodiversity hotspot's natural un-renewable resources. California has one of the highest human populations rendering it one of the four most ecologically degraded expanses in the United States. Other threats include
799:
finally sets restrictions on what makes up the criteria for a biodiversity hotspot. The
California Floristic Province contained more than 1,500 endemic species of vascular plants and had lost at least 70% of its original natural habitat, and so it became the eighth ranked hotspot in the world. As a
794:
discovered the ten tropical hotspots that contained endemic species. Then, in 1990, Myers added eight more hotspots to the list, one of which was the
California Floristic Province. Due to Meyer's extensive research into the biodiversity of these hotspots, Conservation International began a major
186:
plants: approximately 8,000 plant species in the geographic region, and over 3,400 taxa limited to the CFP proper, as well as having lost over 70% of its primary vegetation. A biodiversity hotspot contains irreplaceable areas to the plants and animals that live there. Among these unique regions,
80:
species. To be named a biodiversity hotspot, an area has to contain species and plant life that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. The
California Floristic Province is home to over 3,000 species of vascular plants, 60% of which are endemic to the province.
564:(species, subspecies or varieties) found in the hotspot, 2,153 taxa (in 25 genera) are endemic, meaning they are found nowhere else. About 80,000 km, or 24.7% of the original vegetation remains in relatively pristine conditions today.
777:. More research proposes that as the temperature keeps rising, alpine species will begin to migrate north looking for cooler climates that can support more of a sustainable habitat. Reducing emissions from the burning of
199:, and it is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Many parts of the coastal areas of this hotspot, being moderated by the ocean, experience cool summers due to the regular occurrence of ocean
1381:
1061:
1371:
344:
26:
1577:
1663:
1054:
1345:
1239:
477:
1732:
1361:
1279:
1047:
804:. The conservation efforts created to protect the California Floristic Province would not be possible without the major contributions from organizations such as the
765:
presents future threats. Research done by United States
Ecologist, Dr. Erik Beever, suggests that global warming may have had a hand in the local extinction of the
347:
established a cohesive set of titles to identify
California plant communities based on but somewhat different from those earlier established by California botanist
1778:
1319:
1224:
1184:
854:
800:
result, 37% of the province is now under official protection. California had spent more money on the conservation of these precious lands than any other state in
1773:
1427:
1284:
1274:
1269:
1249:
341:
1199:
538:
1234:
1229:
1683:
1324:
1289:
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1169:
1309:
1259:
1214:
1204:
1189:
1179:
1164:
1144:
1119:
1109:
1329:
1304:
1209:
1124:
1094:
1639:
1219:
1159:
1134:
1089:
1294:
1174:
1139:
1033:
1567:
1366:
1154:
929:
1537:
1412:
354:
Broken into three large groupings based on geography, the
Ornduff scheme includes : the Cismontane ("this side of the mountain") west of the
1417:
328:
Numerous plant communities exist in
California and botanists have attempted to structure them into identifiable vegetation types groupings.
1918:
1798:
1788:
425:
1818:
1793:
1422:
901:
76:. In 1996, the Province was designated as a biodiversity hotspot allowing it to join ranks among 33 other areas in the world with many
1027:
1878:
1635:
1609:
1572:
1562:
1472:
725:
in the
California Floristic Province. Commercial farming in the region generates half of all agricultural products consumed by the
1783:
1631:
1007:
Hickman, J.C. (Ed.), 1993. The Jepson Manual, Higher Plants of
California. University of California Press. Appendix I, Pg. 1315.
1883:
1808:
1763:
1626:
813:
1703:
1838:
1803:
1643:
1557:
1913:
1738:
439:(includes north coastal coniferous forest, redwood forest, Douglas-fir forest and mixed evergreen forest (from Munz) )
1903:
1843:
655:
1768:
1482:
1353:
829:
1614:
1457:
817:
152:
117:
1708:
1487:
1452:
567:
The six largest plant families in California by number of species (40% of all species of vascular plants) are:
93:
1129:
395:
57:
with a distinctive flora similar to other regions with a winter rainfall and summer drought climate like the
1888:
1868:
1813:
489:
271:, with the eastern border with the Great Basin corresponding roughly to the location of Reno-Carson City.
1743:
1728:
1619:
1512:
1314:
710:
514:
257:
734:
1604:
1070:
796:
700:
389:
222:
in the southeastern part of the state. In Oregon, the province includes the coastal mountains south of
179:
132:
937:
291:
1898:
1893:
69:
1873:
1244:
695:
635:
607:
454:
407:
249:
92:(or Boreal) Floristic Kingdom. As part of the Madrean Region, it is bordered on its east by the
1406:
910:
544:
442:
160:
113:
359:
196:
46:
898:
790:
establishing priorities on where to focus efforts is essential. In 1988, British Ecologist,
1522:
1517:
1477:
1376:
1114:
879:
774:
619:
520:
436:
355:
317:
297:
227:
223:
73:
66:
62:
884:
761:(excessive heat or frequency types), and construction of building developments and roads.
8:
1467:
1447:
1104:
705:
685:
172:
128:
are defined as falling into either province depending on a given author's delimitations.
121:
58:
245:
1908:
1527:
809:
750:
678:
627:
413:
42:
155:
in the north. This boundary is poorly defined as some leading geobotanists, including
1099:
532:
501:
483:
458:
448:
430:
363:
309:
303:
279:
183:
89:
151:. The province is bordered by, and sometimes defined as partly coincident with, the
1532:
1339:
1149:
1084:
960:"Tree Removal Melbourne – Tree Surgery Melbourne – Professional Tree Care Services"
731:
647:
586:
464:
419:
337:
333:
261:
156:
97:
984:
781:
such as coal, oil, and gas is the first step in the fight against global warming.
1264:
905:
526:
164:
148:
105:
754:
195:
The California Floristic Province is one of the five biodiversity hotspots with
178:
The California Floristic Province is a world biodiversity hotspot as defined by
1462:
834:
762:
742:
639:
561:
495:
383:
348:
329:
230:
109:
85:
492:(red fir forest, lodgepole pine forest, bristlecone pine and subalpine forest)
1862:
1299:
1254:
1039:
801:
746:
726:
690:
603:
285:
211:
101:
54:
50:
517:(includes northern juniper woodland, pinyon–juniper woodland (both in Munz))
116:). To the north, the region is bordered by the Vancouverian Province of the
791:
778:
738:
663:
651:
643:
615:
591:
805:
795:
assessment of these regions in 1996. It is not until 1999, however, that
770:
659:
215:
131:
With an area of 293,803 km (113,438 sq mi), as defined by
267:
In Nevada, the CFP includes the region of the Sierra in the vicinity of
25:
677:
A few examples of plants that are endemic to the province and are also
671:
596:
571:
367:
366:, Montane, and Transmontane ("the other side of the mountain"), in the
268:
136:
16:
Region of uniform plant variety in the western United States and Mexico
610:(all native oaks in this ecosystem are endemic, with the exception of
631:
401:
274:
Parts of the following mountain ranges are included in the province:
241:
210:
In California, the province includes most of the state excluding the
20:
1664:
List of species described by the Lewis and Clark Expedition § Plants
758:
581:
557:
924:
922:
920:
880:
Plant diversity and endemism in the California Floristic Province
722:
667:
623:
576:
204:
77:
721:
Agriculture and urban expansion are encroaching upon remaining
371:
237:
219:
168:
144:
140:
125:
1440:
917:
1779:
List of species endemic to the San Francisco Bay Area § Flora
461:(includes northern, southern oak woodland, foothill woodland)
253:
1597:
959:
766:
847:
200:
1774:
List of species endemic to Mendocino County, California
1428:
List of Northern American nectar sources for honey bees
1020:
Ornduff, R., Faber, P. M. & Keeler-Wolf, T. 2003.
1721:
614:
which ranges into southwestern British Columbia) and
1684:
Flora of the Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region
1656:
1036:, Biodiversity Hotspots, Conservation International
1418:List of invasive species in North America § Plants
1024:. Revised edition. University of California Press
551:
252:(but excluding their desert slopes to the east),
84:The California Floristic Province belongs to the
1860:
1030:, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
899:Phytogeography of North America North of Mexico
340:did much work on this problem, and in the 2003
323:
1831:
1069:
236:In Baja California, the province includes the
1538:List of medicinal plants of the American West
1413:List of ecoregions in the United States (EPA)
1055:
716:
182:, due to an unusually high concentration of
1799:List of flora of the Santa Monica Mountains
1789:List of plants on the Modoc National Forest
426:Maritime coast range ponderosa pine forests
1819:List of plants of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
1794:List of San Francisco Bay Area wildflowers
1696:
1505:
1423:List of endangered plants of North America
1062:
1048:
1839:Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands § Plants
1756:
1550:
190:
1610:Wildflowers of the Great Smoky Mountains
1473:Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Province
560:in plants than in animals. Of the 7,031
96:, and to the south and southwest by the
24:
1784:List of Little Picacho Wilderness flora
1676:
784:
556:The hotspot presents a higher level of
1861:
1809:Flora of the Sierra Nevada alpine zone
1764:List of plants endemic to Hells Canyon
1397:
508:
1578:Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
1043:
1022:Introduction to California Plant Life
345:Introduction to California Plant Life
1704:List of endemic flora of Puerto Rico
377:
175:within the Rocky Mountain Province.
1804:Lichens of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
1001:
207:forests amongst other communities.
120:, and much of coastal and mountain
65:is known for being the home of the
13:
1919:Natural history of Baja California
1739:List of Sonoran Desert wildflowers
1014:
618:forests. Other ecosystems include
14:
1930:
1844:List of Samoan plant common names
952:
471:
1769:List of California native plants
1483:Laurentian Mixed Forest Province
930:"HOTSPOT:California on the Edge"
830:List of California native plants
1879:Plant communities of California
1615:Flora of Door County, Wisconsin
1458:Rocky Mountain Floristic Region
1441:Floristic regions and provinces
818:California Native Plant Society
640:upper montane-subalpine forests
416:(soft chaparral) (same in Munz)
404:(hard chaparral) (same in Munz)
153:Rocky Mountain Floristic Region
118:Rocky Mountain Floristic Region
1709:List of grasses of Puerto Rico
1488:Great Basin Floristic Province
1453:North American Atlantic Region
989:. Tree, Seed and Land Co. 2014
977:
891:
872:
552:Endemic species and ecosystems
139:and extends into southwestern
94:Great Basin Floristic Province
1:
1884:Natural history of California
1598:East of the Mississippi River
1493:California Floristic Province
1034:California Floristic Province
1028:California Floristic Province
840:
35:California Floristic Province
29:California floristic province
1814:Flora of the Colorado Desert
855:"Conservation International"
324:California plant communities
7:
1744:Flora of the Arizona Upland
1729:Flora of the Sonoran Desert
1620:List of lichens of Maryland
823:
711:Santa Rosa Island manzanita
370:of these ranges, typically
72:and its close relative the
10:
1935:
1605:Wildflowers of New England
1558:Flora of the United States
1071:Flora of the United States
797:Conservation International
312:south into Baja California
180:Conservation International
143:, a small part of western
133:Conservation International
47:Mediterranean-type climate
18:
1914:Natural history of Oregon
1590:
1390:
1352:
1338:
1077:
717:Threatened and endangered
602:The province notably has
478:Montane coniferous forest
1904:Flora of Baja California
1372:Northern Mariana Islands
608:California oak woodlands
320:is also within the CFP.
701:Point Reyes bird's beak
656:mixed evergreen forests
624:prickly pear shrublands
515:Pinyon–juniper woodland
408:Closed-cone pine forest
250:Sierra San Pedro Martir
114:Baja California deserts
1722:Arizona and New Mexico
1407:Flora of North America
911:Flora of North America
545:Creosote bush woodland
443:Northern coastal scrub
197:Mediterranean climates
191:Climate and topography
161:Flora of North America
30:
1657:Missouri River valley
1640:Ferns and fern allies
636:juniper-pine woodland
480:(yellow pine in Munz)
360:San Jacinto Mountains
342:Natural History Guide
256:areas south to about
135:, it includes 70% of
28:
19:Further information:
1478:Appalachian Province
878:Burge, D. O. et al.
785:Conservation efforts
696:Hickman's potentilla
539:Joshua tree woodland
523:scrub (same in Munz)
437:North coastal forest
318:Great Central Valley
100:(which includes the
63:biodiversity hotspot
1889:Flora of California
1869:Floristic provinces
1468:Caribbean bioregion
1448:Circumboreal Region
1382:U.S. Virgin Islands
769:populations in the
706:Santa Cruz tarplant
660:Douglas fir forests
509:Transmontane region
173:Northern California
122:Northern California
59:Mediterranean Basin
1625:Soldiers Delight:
904:2004-03-17 at the
897:Thorne, Robert F.
814:Wilderness Society
810:Nature Conservancy
751:soil contamination
679:endangered species
628:coastal sage scrub
414:Coastal sage scrub
396:Coastal salt marsh
362:, or North of the
70:giant sequoia tree
43:floristic province
31:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1827:
1826:
1752:
1751:
1717:
1716:
1692:
1691:
1672:
1671:
1652:
1651:
1586:
1585:
1568:Plant communities
1546:
1545:
1501:
1500:
1436:
1435:
773:area east of the
755:livestock grazing
620:sagebrush steppes
533:Alkali sink scrub
502:Alpine fell-field
484:Montane chaparral
459:foothill woodland
449:Riparian woodland
431:Montane chaparral
378:Cismontane region
364:Transverse Ranges
310:Peninsular ranges
304:Transverse Ranges
280:Klamath Mountains
203:, which sustains
124:and southwestern
1926:
1829:
1828:
1754:
1753:
1719:
1718:
1694:
1693:
1674:
1673:
1654:
1653:
1630:
1595:
1594:
1548:
1547:
1503:
1502:
1438:
1437:
1395:
1394:
1346:Washington, D.C.
1340:Federal district
1064:
1057:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1008:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
994:
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
964:Tree-care.com.au
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
936:. Archived from
926:
915:
914:, Vol. 1, Ch. 6.
895:
889:
876:
870:
869:
867:
865:
859:Conservation.org
851:
732:invasive species
686:Baker's larkspur
648:riparian forests
612:Quercus garryana
587:Scrophulariaceae
490:Subalpine forest
465:Valley grassland
420:Freshwater marsh
338:Todd Keeler-Wolf
334:Phyllis M. Faber
262:Guadalupe Island
226:and most of the
157:Robert F. Thorne
98:Sonoran Province
1934:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1899:Flora of Nevada
1894:Flora of Oregon
1859:
1858:
1857:
1848:
1832:Pacific islands
1823:
1748:
1713:
1688:
1668:
1648:
1624:
1582:
1542:
1513:Native American
1497:
1432:
1386:
1348:
1334:
1073:
1068:
1017:
1015:Further reading
1012:
1011:
1006:
1002:
992:
990:
983:
982:
978:
968:
966:
958:
957:
953:
943:
941:
928:
927:
918:
906:Wayback Machine
896:
892:
877:
873:
863:
861:
853:
852:
848:
843:
826:
787:
719:
652:cypress forests
562:vascular plants
554:
527:Shadscale scrub
511:
474:
390:Coastal prairie
380:
332:and colleagues
326:
193:
165:Armen Takhtajan
149:Baja California
49:located on the
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1932:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1874:Madrean Region
1871:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1733:by common name
1725:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1463:Madrean Region
1460:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1401:
1399:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1362:American Samoa
1358:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1280:South Carolina
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1245:North Carolina
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1000:
976:
951:
934:Calacademy.org
916:
890:
871:
845:
844:
842:
839:
838:
837:
835:Madrean Region
832:
825:
822:
786:
783:
763:Global warming
743:oil extraction
718:
715:
714:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
600:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
553:
550:
549:
548:
547:(same in Munz)
542:
541:(same in Munz)
536:
535:(same in Munz)
530:
529:(same in Munz)
524:
518:
510:
507:
506:
505:
504:(same in Munz)
499:
496:Montane meadow
493:
487:
481:
473:
472:Montane region
470:
469:
468:
467:(same in Munz)
462:
452:
451:(same in Munz)
446:
445:(same in Munz)
440:
434:
428:
423:
422:(same in Munz)
417:
411:
410:(same in Munz)
405:
399:
398:(same in Munz)
393:
392:(same in Munz)
387:
386:(same in Munz)
384:Coastal strand
379:
376:
349:Philip A. Munz
330:Robert Ornduff
325:
322:
314:
313:
306:
300:
294:
288:
282:
192:
189:
86:Madrean Region
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1931:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
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1900:
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1890:
1887:
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1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
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1780:
1777:
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1770:
1767:
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1759:
1755:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1662:
1661:
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1320:West Virginia
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1225:New Hampshire
1223:
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1185:Massachusetts
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940:on 2012-12-02
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782:
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775:Sierra Nevada
772:
768:
764:
760:
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748:
747:air pollution
744:
740:
736:
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728:
727:United States
724:
712:
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691:Gowen cypress
689:
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682:
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673:
669:
665:
664:coastal dunes
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:giant sequoia
598:
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583:
580:
578:
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569:
568:
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563:
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546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
512:
503:
500:
498:(not in Munz)
497:
494:
491:
488:
486:(not in Munz)
485:
482:
479:
476:
475:
466:
463:
460:
456:
453:
450:
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438:
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433:(not in Munz)
432:
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356:Sierra Nevada
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331:
321:
319:
311:
307:
305:
301:
299:
298:Sierra Nevada
295:
293:
289:
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286:Cascade Range
283:
281:
277:
276:
275:
272:
270:
265:
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259:
255:
251:
247:
246:Sierra Juarez
244:belts of the
243:
239:
234:
232:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:Modoc Plateau
208:
206:
202:
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188:
185:
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176:
174:
170:
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162:
158:
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150:
147:and northern
146:
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138:
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129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
79:
75:
74:coast redwood
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:North America
52:
51:Pacific Coast
48:
44:
40:
36:
27:
22:
1636:Woody plants
1492:
1405:
1377:Puerto Rico
1285:South Dakota
1275:Rhode Island
1270:Pennsylvania
1250:North Dakota
1021:
1003:
991:. Retrieved
986:Tree Removal
985:
979:
967:. Retrieved
963:
954:
942:. Retrieved
938:the original
933:
909:
893:
883:
874:
862:. Retrieved
858:
849:
792:Norman Myers
788:
779:fossil fuels
739:strip mining
735:colonisation
720:
676:
672:salt marshes
611:
601:
592:Brassicaceae
566:
555:
353:
327:
315:
292:Coast Ranges
273:
266:
235:
209:
194:
177:
130:
83:
38:
34:
32:
1697:Puerto Rico
1632:Wildflowers
1506:Ethnobotany
1354:Territories
1200:Mississippi
1115:Connecticut
888:, 63:3-206.
806:Sierra Club
771:Great Basin
228:Rogue River
224:Cape Blanco
216:Great Basin
1863:Categories
1757:California
1627:Graminoids
1573:Grasslands
1563:Ecoregions
1551:Categories
1315:Washington
1235:New Mexico
1230:New Jersey
1105:California
969:15 October
944:5 December
864:5 December
841:References
597:Cyperaceae
572:Asteraceae
368:rainshadow
269:Lake Tahoe
258:El Rosario
167:, include
137:California
1909:Holarctic
1325:Wisconsin
1290:Tennessee
1195:Minnesota
1170:Louisiana
759:wildfires
646:forests,
632:chaparral
606:forests,
521:Sagebrush
402:Chaparral
242:chaparral
231:watershed
90:Holarctic
21:Chaparral
1677:Colorado
1523:Iroquois
1518:Cherokee
1310:Virginia
1260:Oklahoma
1240:New York
1215:Nebraska
1205:Missouri
1190:Michigan
1180:Maryland
1165:Kentucky
1145:Illinois
1120:Delaware
1110:Colorado
1100:Arkansas
902:Archived
824:See also
816:and the
723:habitats
668:mudflats
582:Fabaceae
558:endemism
248:and the
106:Colorado
1644:Lichens
1398:General
1330:Wyoming
1305:Vermont
1210:Montana
1150:Indiana
1130:Georgia
1125:Florida
1095:Arizona
1085:Alabama
993:2 April
885:Madroño
802:America
616:redwood
577:Poaceae
254:coastal
220:deserts
205:redwood
184:endemic
110:Sonoran
88:of the
78:endemic
67:Sierran
61:. This
45:with a
41:) is a
1591:Places
1528:Navajo
1391:Topics
1265:Oregon
1220:Nevada
1160:Kansas
1135:Hawaii
1090:Alaska
1078:States
658:, and
644:alpine
455:Valley
372:desert
260:, and
238:forest
169:Oregon
163:) and
145:Nevada
141:Oregon
126:Oregon
112:, and
102:Mojave
1295:Texas
1175:Maine
1140:Idaho
681:are:
1533:Zuni
1367:Guam
1300:Utah
1255:Ohio
1155:Iowa
995:2014
971:2017
946:2012
866:2012
767:pika
670:and
457:and
336:and
316:The
308:The
302:The
296:The
290:The
284:The
278:The
240:and
218:and
171:and
33:The
745:,
358:or
201:fog
53:of
39:CFP
1865::
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