29:
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Mean maximum temperatures are below 20°C due to the effects of altitude, and are cooler than the surrounding lowlands. Average annual rainfall ranges from around 4,000 mm near the coast to 1,800 mm or less further inland. The highlands are an important source of water for both
Nigeria and Cameroon.
355:
The vegetation varies with elevation. Submontane forests extend from approximately 900 metres (2,953 ft) to 2,000 metres (6,562 ft) meters elevation. Above 2,000 metres (6,562 ft) elevation are distinct montane forests and patches of montane grassland, bamboo forest, and subalpine
574:
In the northern mountains, including the
Adamawa Plateau, Hosséré Vokré, and Alantika mountains, the climate is drier and rainfall is more seasonal. Submontane forests are generally absent, and the Afromontane forests transition directly to savanna. Afromontane forests on the Hosséré Vokré and
494:
Afromontane forests grow above 2000 meters elevation. Lower montane forests generally have a denser canopy than the submontane and upper montane forests, with fewer grasses in the shady understorey. Trees in the lower
Afromontane forests include species of
255:, a chain of extinct volcanoes, covering an area of 38,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi) in eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. The highlands extend roughly southwest–northeast. In the southwest the ecoregion includes the
1455:
Lorelei
Verlhac, Kenji Izumi, Anne-Marie Lézine, Kévin Lemonnier, Guillaume Buchet, Gaston Achoundong, Barthélémy Tchiengué (2018). Altitudinal distribution of pollen, plants and biomes in the Cameroon highlands.
1282:
The forest is continually being cleared for firewood, timber and to create farmland, and many of the mountains have lost significant amounts of forest cover. There is very little formal environmental protection.
578:
The ericaceous belt is a transition between the upper montane forests and high-elevation grasslands, ranging from approximately 2750 up to 2950 meters elevation. Shrubs and stunted trees of genus
1502:
Bauer, Aaron M.; Chirio, Laurent; Ineich, Ivan; LeBreton, Matthew (2006). "New
Species of Cnemaspis (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Northern Cameroon, a Neglected Biodiversity Hotspot".
1489:
B. Larison, T. B. Smith, D. Mcniven, R. Fotso, M. Bruford, K. Holbrook,and A. Lamperti, Faunal
Surveys of Selected Montane and Lowland Areas of Cameroon, WWF Cameroon, 1996, unpubl.
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species, which have an archipelago-like distribution across the highlands of Africa and are distinct from the lowland flora. Typical afromontane tree species are
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In
Cameroon the mountains are quite heavily populated and used for farming and grazing; much of this ecoregion lies in the
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Alantika mountains are mostly limited to stream valleys and ravines, separated by areas of montane savanna or grassland.
398:, along with species characteristic of the adjacent lowland plant communities, like semi-deciduous forests (species of
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Submontane forests from 850 to 1600 meters elevation typically have an open canopy. Common trees include species of
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are predominant from 2270 to 2500 meters elevation. In the upper montane forest from 2500 to 2945 meters elevation
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along the central and northern ends of the range. The
Cameroon Highlands form the boundary between the Guinean and
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Subalpine grasslands grow above 2800 meters elevation, with many grasses, and herbs in the genera
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The ecoregion lies above 900 meters elevation, and is surrounded at lower elevations by the
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who live in the area. Seven species are endemic to the
Cameroon Highlands forests and
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is highest mountain in the chain, but its high-elevation forests are designated a
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grasslands and shrublands. The ecoregion is characterized by the presence of
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756:). Nine more montane endemic species are shared with Mount Cameroon and
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6.9% of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas include
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species, along with several more that are also found in the nearby
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grow in smaller numbers. Grasses remain common in the understory.
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The following reptiles are also considered more or less endemic:
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to the north, and in the southeastern
Adamawa Plateau east of
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located on the range of mountains that runs inland from the
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Forty species of amphibians are endemic to the ecoregion:
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Eleven small mammal species are endemic to the ecoregion:
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10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[510:NSOCSG]2.0.CO;2
1501:
461:, and Fabaceae – are also present. The Afromontane genus
1234:
is endemic to the Alantika Mountains and Hosséré Vokré.
283:. It continues northeast along the western flank of the
326:
ecoregions. The highest peak within the ecoregion is
1266:. In Nigeria the ecoregion is located mainly on the
251:
The Cameroonian Highlands forests extend across the
1460:, Volume 259, 2018, Pages 21-28. ISSN 0034-6667.
1603:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
1559:
1478:Endemic Bird Areas factsheet: Cameroon mountains
80:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
640:Six species of birds are strictly endemic: the
467:is abundant, and Afromontane species including
1462:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2018.09.011
1270:, an area of agricultural and grazing land in
1237:
457:. Savanna and semi-deciduous forest species -
1553:Mission for the preservation of drill monkeys
928:The ecoregion is home to several endangered
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752:(sometimes considered a separate species
444:family predominate, including species of
318:at the southern end of the range, and by
635:Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests
324:Northern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic
109:Northern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic
103:Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests
51:Map of the Cameroonian Highlands forests
16:Forest ecoregion in Cameroon and Nigeria
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126:38,000 km (15,000 sq mi)
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1458:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
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629:The ecoregion is home to a number of
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275:. It extends northeast towards the
13:
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950:Mandrillus leucophaeus leucophaeus
316:Cross–Sanaga–Bioko coastal forests
93:Cross–Sanaga–Bioko coastal forests
14:
1614:
1534:
1387:"Cameroonian Highlands forests".
688:which is a cultural icon for the
861:Mittendorf's striped grass mouse
459:Ficus, Lophira, Bridelia, Lannea
330:(3,011 metres (9,879 ft)).
291:. Northern outliers include the
45:
27:
1542:"Cameroonian Highlands forests"
1426:"Cameroonian Highlands forests"
1368:"Cameroonian Highlands forests"
650:white-throated mountain-babbler
533:are predominant, together with
226:tropical moist broadleaf forest
1476:BirdLife International (2024)
869:Dieterlen's brush-furred mouse
1:
1568:Cameroonian Highlands forests
1480:. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
1334:
1301:Bayang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary
1108:Leptodactylodon erythrogaster
1006:Phrynobatrachus steindachneri
877:Eisentraut's brush-furred rat
778:black-capped woodland warbler
497:Astropanax, Alchornea, Myrica
320:Guinean forest–savanna mosaic
235:and forms the border between
215:Cameroonian Highlands forests
98:Guinean forest–savanna mosaic
22:Cameroonian Highlands forests
1120:Leptodactylodon polyacanthus
940:), an endemic subspecies of
718:Phyllastrephus poliocephalus
551:, and shrubs and herbs like
295:to the northeast, Nigeria's
246:
7:
1428:. The Encyclopedia of Earth
1293:Gashaka-Gumti National Park
1238:Urban areas and settlements
1217:Leptosiaphos ianthinoxantha
1150:Leptopelis nordequatorialis
1000:Phrynobatrachus cricogaster
909:Hartwig's soft-furred mouse
38:Gashaka Gumti National Park
10:
1619:
1391:. Accessed 7 August 2021.
1102:Leptodactylodon boulengeri
837:Eisentraut's striped mouse
422:) and savanna (species of
341:
219:Cameroon Highlands forests
1321:River Nwum Forest Reserve
1317:Ngel-Nyaki Forest Reserve
1313:Mai Samari Forest Reserve
1090:Leptodactylodon axillaris
1030:Cardioglossa melanogaster
970:) and several species of
766:Arizelocichla tephrolaema
750:Cisticola chubbi discolor
730:green-breasted bushshrike
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1404:"Map of Ecoregions 2017"
1278:Conservation and threats
1114:Leptodactylodon mertensi
1084:Astylosternus rheophilus
1054:Cardioglossa trifasciata
624:
350:
1598:Subtropical rainforests
1578:Afrotropical ecoregions
1305:Santchou Faunal Reserve
1231:Ancylodactylus alantika
1222:Angel's five-toed skink
1126:Leptodactylodon perreti
1096:Leptodactylodon bicolor
1066:Astylosternus nganhanus
1012:Phrynobatrachus werneri
865:Lemniscomys mittendorfi
770:Cameroon olive greenbul
710:Bradypterus bangwaensis
1583:Ecoregions of Cameroon
1573:Afromontane ecoregions
1548:. World Wildlife Fund.
1546:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1504:Journal of Herpetology
1374:. World Wildlife Fund.
1372:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1329:Nguroje Forest Reserve
1309:Gangoro Forest Reserve
1212:Trioceros quadricornis
1195:Atractaspis coalescens
1144:Hyperolius riggenbachi
1078:Astylosternus montanus
1048:Cardioglossa schioetzi
938:Gorilla gorilla diehli
774:Phyllastrephus poensis
744:) and a subspecies of
742:Cossyphicula isabellae
722:yellow-breasted boubou
674:Mount Kupe bush-shrike
662:Platysteira laticincta
527:Podocarpus milanjianus
371:Podocarpus milanjianus
299:to the northwest, the
1588:Ecoregions of Nigeria
1325:Kakara Forest Reserve
1208:four-horned chameleon
1186:Wolterstorffina mirei
1072:Astylosternus perreti
980:Cercopithecus preussi
873:Lophuromys dieterleni
826:Cameroon olive-pigeon
782:Phylloscopus herberti
734:Malaconotus gladiator
706:Bangwa forest warbler
702:Arizelocichla montana
536:Myrsine melanophloeos
379:Myrsine melanophloeos
1226:Lacertaspis lepesmei
1174:Werneria bambutensis
1060:Cardioglossa venusta
1042:Cardioglossa pulchra
994:Petropedetes perreti
988:Petropedetes parkeri
954:Preuss's red colobus
922:Sylvisorex isabellae
845:Mount Oku hylomyscus
794:white-tailed warbler
726:Laniarius atroflavus
714:grey-headed greenbul
686:Tauraco bannermani),
678:Telophorus kupeensis
217:, also known as the
1593:Forests of Cameroon
1297:Korup National Park
1200:Pfeffer's chameleon
1138:Hyperolius ademetzi
958:Pilocolobus preussi
934:Cross River gorilla
905:Otomys occidentalis
857:Lamottemys okuensis
841:Hybomys eisentrauti
822:Nesocharis shelleyi
818:Shelley's oliveback
738:mountain robin-chat
594:, are predominant.
279:, and north to the
199:Critical/endangered
195:Conservation status
169: /
1204:Trioceros pfefferi
1036:Cardioglossa oreas
917:Bioko forest shrew
889:Myosorex okuensis,
849:Hylomyscus grandis
790:Urolais epichlorus
682:Bannerman's turaco
670:Ploceus bannermani
666:Bannerman's weaver
654:Kupeornis gilberti
336:separate ecoregion
301:Alantika Mountains
253:Cameroon Highlands
1260:Kilum-Ijim Forest
1132:Afrixalus lacteus
893:Rumpi mouse shrew
830:Columba sjostedti
806:Cyanomitra oritis
746:Chubb's cisticola
698:Cameroon greenbul
658:banded wattle-eye
609:and the families
508:Elaeis guineensis
386:Syzygium staudtii
281:Bamenda Highlands
261:Bakossi Mountains
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901:western vlei rat
814:Cinnyris ursulae
810:Ursula's sunbird
802:Cameroon sunbird
798:Poliolais lopezi
762:western greenbul
293:Mambilla Plateau
289:Tchabal Gangdaba
273:Mount Manengouba
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1248:Adamawa Regions
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1180:Werneria tandyi
1018:Phrynobatrachus
976:Preuss's monkey
967:Pan troglodytes
942:western gorilla
885:Oku mouse shrew
646:Apalis bamendae
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611:Caryophyllaceae
591:Erica silvatica
544:Prunus africana
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881:L. eisentrauti
786:green longtail
694:Mount Cameroon
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358:Afromontane
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152:Coordinates
1562:Categories
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1335:References
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690:Kom people
615:Asteraceae
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269:Mount Kupe
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