1655:
889:, as well as small detachments of the Popular Socialist Party and 26 July Movement. Although these groups had accomplished little before, the new leadership of Guevara and Cienfuegos would transform the revolutionary situation in Las Villas and prove instrumental to the adhesion of the Communists to the movement. Cienfuegos' and Guevara's columns arrived in Las Villas on 14 October 1958, gaining strength from National Army deserters and local 26 July Movement activists along the way. There Cienfuegos' column was joined by another commanded by the Communist FĂ©lix Torres, who subordinated himself to Cienfuegos' command. Together they clashed with a 450-strong detachment of the National Army and faced difficulties with a local unit of the Revolutionary Directorate, with
1740:
1170:
1077:, declaring "these also have a right to liberty". Cienfuegos' "easy manners" quickly became emblematic of the revolutionaries, who Havana was pleasantly surprised to find on good behavior; neither drinking alcohol nor looting the city after its capture. Due to the saturation of radio and television access in Cuba, before long, "everyone knew who Camilo Cienfuegos was" and could easily identify the rebel commander. Castro himself preferred Cienfuegos taking the center stage over the foreign communist Guevara, as the "handsome, Stetson-wearing, baseball-playing, womanizing, humorous Camilo was Cuban, not known to be a Communist, and had already become a popular folk hero."
696:
soldier's death before both sides withdrew. Cienfuegos then attempted a second attack, taking up position near the
National Army camp while waiting for reinforcements from Guevara's column. On 29 November, the rebels set their ambush, covering all routes of escape and concealing themselves in the trees. Most of the National Army soldiers were gunned down in the farmhouse they were stationed in, while guerrilla patrols attempted to hold back reinforcements from arriving. After a bloody day of fighting, the rebels were forced to retreat, having lost a number of men. They were pursued along the way by SĂĄnchez Mosquera's forces, as their defensive lines collapsed.
538:
1519:
1288:
1363:, Castro was filmed searching for Cienfuegos with his parents, who posed for pictures searching the skies for their lost son. But some of those who accompanied Castro on these search flights claimed that he never appeared to be emotionally invested in the search and seemed indifferent to Cienfuegos' fate. While himself investigating the disappearance, Cienfuegos' former aide Major CristĂłbal Naranjo was murdered by Captain Manuel BeatĂłn, apparently during a drunken argument after BeatĂłn was passed over for a promotion. After escaping into the Sierra Maestra and becoming a
1442:
684:
800:
1032:
65:
1081:
1325:
948:
867:
990:
campaign. Guevara and
Cienfuegos received orders from Castro, directing them to advance on Havana, while specifying that it "be carried out exclusively by the 26th of July forces. Camilo's column should be in the lead, the vanguard, to take over Havana when the dictatorship falls, if we don't want the weapons from Camp Columbia to be distributed among all the various groups, which would present a very serious problem in the future."
782:. There he was directed to sabotage the National Army, take over supply lines, implement agrarian reform and a new civil code. Castro aimed to defend Sierra Maestra, as it became clear that Batista was planning a new offensive. Castro and Guevara subsequently moved their headquarters into the hills, where they clashed with SĂĄnchez Mosquera's forces. After Guevara had set up camp, Castro tasked him with establishing and running a
6630:
6102:
624:
916:, the latter of whom Cienfuegos read aloud himself "in a deep voice". The revolutionaries also implemented a programme of agrarian reform in Las Villas, with Cienfuegos organising local sugar workers to hold a national conference later in the year. As Guevara attempted to form an alliance with the Directorate, Cienfuegos apparently displayed "no eagerness" to move on to his destination of Pinar del RĂo.
579:, who was disguised as a National Army officer. Despite this mistake, the ambush went ahead successfully. The ranks of the rebels soon grew, as they gained the support of the local peasantry. Relations with new recruits didn't start off well, as the veterans were frustrated by their lack of experience, knowledge and proper equipment. This larger revolutionary armed force was divided into three
1651:, the weather that day had actually been clear for flying. The area that his plane was flying would also have been covered by radar. The captain of the base that Cienfuegos' plane took off from, Roberto de CĂĄrdenas, alleged that the flight's fate had been plotted, claiming that nobody had seen Cienfuegos in the airplane and that others on the base were either killed or overpowered.
704:
National reinforcements arrived and
Cienfuegos was shot twice, while attempting to retrieve a machine gun. At Guevara's command, the rebels attempted to rout the National Army, but ultimately decided to pull back as they did not have support from the wounded Cienfuegos. The rebels retreated into the hills again, where they carried out a series of sabotage attacks against the army.
700:
forced to pull back. Guevara went to request urgent reinforcements from Castro, but found that the
National Army had withdrawn from the area. He was initially pleased and after his foot was operated on, returned to his base camp in El Hombrito, which he found completely destroyed. As the new year of 1958 dawned, Guevara's column began establishing a new base camp in La Mesa.
1097:, and matters were straightened out. Camilo always listened to Che." The situation was thus diffused and the palace was peacefully handed over to Urrutia. On 8 January, Fidel Castro finally arrived in Havana, meeting with Urrutia at the presidential palace and giving a speech at Cienfuegos' Camp Columbia. During the rally, Castro interrupted his speech to ask Cienfuegos "
1023:
generals, colonels, majors, captains, corporals, sergeants, and privates. When they saw us walk by, they stood at attention. It was enough to make you burst out laughing. In the comandant's office was Camilo, with his romantic beard, looking like Christ on a spree, his boots thrown on the floor and his feet up on the table, as he received his excellency the
1264:. Almost all of them were captured, tortured and killed. Before it was carried out, Sacha Volman had begged Cienfuegos to call off the expedition, fearing it to be doomed. Cienfuegos agreed and attempted to convince Castro to call it off, but he pushed forward with the plan. Volman later claimed that the expedition was "set up to fail".
817:, an offensive into the Sierra that aimed to cut off Castro's supply lines and weaken his forces. When the National Army advanced in the foothills along the northern front, Castro was forced to withdraw all of his forces from the south, as he only had 300 soldiers for the defense. On 26 June, Cienfuegos' patrol group was recalled from
1146:, going to clubs and reveling in his status as "the spoiled darling of the masses". In February 1959, Cienfuegos surprised Guevara by arranging a free flight for Guevara's family to come see him from Argentina. If Guevara had known about it, he may not have allowed it, due to his self-imposed austerity. When Guevara married
1564:, "hat Camilo was far more a romantic revolutionary than a Communist is beyond question." While Fidel Castro himself described Cienfuegos as "a pure revolutionary soul, Communist timber", he also speculated that he could have been removed from command due to his "low political level". Others claimed him to be an
791:
more when the war ends, so the Giant does a good thing in looking after you. I would like to be always at your side, you were my chief for a long time and you will always continue to be. Thanks to you I now have the opportunity to be more useful, I'll do the unspeakable to not make you look bad. Your eternal
1678:
death". Che
Guevara himself never suspected the Castros of involvement in Cienfuegos' disappearance and remained personally loyal to Fidel for years afterwards. Philip Bonsal also never considered foul play by the Castros to have been a possibility, as he believed that "Cienfuegos was no threat to any one."
1240:
Although
Cienfuegos originally envisioned an equitable merger of the Revolutionary and National Armies, Castro quickly convinced him that it was "necessary to reorganize the armed forces with men loyal to the Revolution, and not accomplices of tyranny." In the process, Cienfuegos was appointed as the
1126:
In the wake of the revolution, most political parties dissolved themselves voluntarily, hoping to make way for a "new political order". By 10 January 1959, Cienfuegos had legalized the
Popular Socialist Party (PSP), declaring that it "would have rights to organize themselves like all other democratic
1092:
and refused to vacate it for the arrival of the new president, with
Cienfuegos considering an attack against the palace. According to Franqui: "Camilo, half joking and half serious, said a couple of cannonballs should be fired off as a warning. As I was not an admirer of the palace, I said it seemed
1022:
The gloomy Camp
Columbia, mother of the tyranny and of crime, which I had known as a prisoner, was now almost a picturesque theater, impossible to imagine. On the one hand, the bearded rebels with Camilo, no more than five hundred of them, and on the other hand, twenty thousand army soldiers intact â
862:
During the "Westward March of Che and Camilo", the revolutionaries took control of a number of towns, cities and transportation hubs. Further clashes occurred during the expedition and sometimes it was necessary to stop and dispense justice, with
Cienfuegos being noted to have shot two of his men for
1673:
suspected the intelligence agent Osvaldo SĂĄnchez, who had been charged with ensuring the security of Cienfuegos by RaĂșl Castro. Others suspected that Fidel Castro himself ordered the assassination of Cienfuegos, speculating that it had something to do with his apparent reluctance to arrest Matos, or
857:
Forty days of march, often with the south coast and a compass as the only guide. During fifteen days we marched with water and mud up to the knees, travelling by night to avoid ambushes... during the thirty-one days of our journey across CamagĂŒey we ate eleven times. After four days of famine we had
675:
that had impersonated Guevara. When interviewed about the executions, Castro downplayed the number and justified the documented cases. In October 1957, Guevara pulled back and began looking to establish industrial infrastructure in the region, so that the guerrilla war could be materially sustained.
1677:
Some critics of Castro claimed that while he had not killed Cienfuegos himself, "one of the specialties of Fidel is to send people to be killed." José Pardo Llada, who was with Castro during the search for Cienfuegos, later said that "He may not have killed Camilo, but he certainly didn't feel his
703:
In February 1958, Guevara's armory began preparing supplies for the rebel forces' first offensive of the year, a planned attack on a National Army company at Pino del Agua. On 16 February, the rebels attacked the army camp with explosives, overrunning the guard posts. After initial rebel successes,
634:
With the rebellion well under way, both the National and Revolutionary armies were now attempting to assert their rule over the Sierra Maestra. In the absence of firm state control, the region fell into chaos, as various armed groups committed a litany of abuses. The rebels themselves had a code of
571:
on 5 December. Many of the guerrillas were captured and killed, forcing the rest to escape into the mountains. Cienfuegos' small group wandered around the area for days, eventually being pointed in Castro's direction by local peasants. He found himself to be one of only twelve men that had survived
1355:
held mass processions in honour of Cienfuegos and the political leadership widely publicised their concern for their lost comrade. The military followed any leads they could, speaking with peasants that claimed to have witnessed a plane crash and even consulting a spiritualist. According to United
1216:
observing: "The spectacle of the Prime Minister, alleged by his admirers to have been a promising pitcher of big league caliber, throwing a few curves to Major Camilo Cienfuegos, a former minor-leaguer, and generally clowning about on the diamond was a feature of the pregame show of many important
1597:
Few men have succeeded in leaving on every action such a distinctive personal mark. He had the natural intelligence of the people, who had chosen him out of thousands for a privileged position on account of the audacity of his blows, his tenacity, his intelligence, and unequalled devotion. Camilo
790:
Che. Soul brother: I see Fidel has put you in charge of the Military School, which makes me very happy because now we can count on having first-class soldiers in the future... You've played a very principal role in this showdown and if we need you in this insurrectional stage, Cuba needs you even
844:
Together with Guevara's own column, they left the revolutionary headquarters on foot, as their vehicles had been rendered useless by a National Army ambush. The two columns travelled together for a while, wading through rice paddies and swamps, while attempting to evade the National Army and any
1627:
desire to exercise power over others. After the revolution, Cienfuegos was remembered fondly by his soldiers, who compared his affectionate leadership style to that of a parent or a teacher, rather than that of a "chief", recalling that "he even insisted that prisoners should eat first". On the
1315:
against the government, but they instead resigned en masse. Cienfuegos arrested Matos and his fellow dissidents without resistance, refusing to handcuff his former comrade and walking side-by-side with him in front of the press. Matos was then taken back to Havana. Cienfuegos remained behind in
1127:
parties providing that they did not represent the interests of a foreign power". Che supported Cienfuegos' decision, himself considering the PSP to have proven themselves worthy of participating in the government and aiding them in their early operations. Meanwhile, Camilo solicited his brother
699:
Again, they attempted to set up an ambush. Cienfuegos was to fire the starting shot at point-blank range from behind a tree, following which partially-concealed sharpshooters would open fire on the road. During the subsequent fire fight, Guevara was hit in the foot, lost his rifle and was again
1356:
States ambassador Philip Bonsal, he had provided a number of American planes to cooperate in the search efforts, but the Cuban government assigned them to a location where it was unlikely the plane could have been. Castro never mentioned American assistance in his report of the search efforts.
935:
In November 1958, the National Air Force began bombarding Guevara's forces daily and the National Army moved several heavily armed companies towards their positions. Cienfuegos brought his Column to reinforce Guevara and the two sides battled for a week. On 4 December 1958, the National Army's
989:
of the Batista regime, with the President himself deciding to flee the country. By the end of December 1958, Las Villas was completely under revolutionary control, cutting communications between the National Army in the east and the west. Guevara then began making preparations for their final
695:
The following month, they received news that Ăngel SĂĄnchez Mosquera was leading the National Army through the adjacent valley and destroying the local peasantry's homes there. Cienfuegos was dispatched to ambush them from behind, but the engagement was quick and only resulted in one National
1758:
On 28 October each year, school children throughout Cuba throw flowers into the sea or a river to honor Camilo Cienfuegos, repeating the spontaneous tribute of the Cubans who tossed flowers into the ocean when they heard his plane had been lost over the Cuba Florida Strait. To mark the 50th
1478:, who met Cienfuegos at Camp Columbia in January 1959, thought him to be "courteous if aloof". To Smith's successor Philip Bonsal, "Cienfuegos was gay and forthcoming. He had proved himself as a leader of men but he did not have any irresistible urge to the exercise of power. He liked the
927:
in Las Villas and attempted to prevent voting urns from being brought to the province. Cienfuegos was ordered to attack towns in the north of the province, which succeeded in bringing provincial traffic to a standstill on the day of the election. In an attempt to appeal for US support,
1307:, considered Castro's denunciations of Matos to have been a mistake and attempted to persuade Fidel to be lenient while prosecuting him. When RaĂșl Castro ordered Cienfuegos to arrest Matos, he initially refused, only reluctantly accepting the order when Fidel gave it personally.
1072:
While Castro delayed in reaching the capital, Cienfuegos became the public face of the revolution in Havana. When visited in Camp Columbia by television reporters, who broadcast the interaction to thousands of viewers, he made a point to release a number of parrots from their
437:. The soldiers that fought for him remembered him for his friendly and paternal leadership style, while the Cuban government upheld him as a loyal supporter of Fidel Castro. Every year, on 28 October, Cuban children throw flowers into the rivers and seas, in tribute to him.
1807:
As part of a campaign to improve the standards of living in rural areas, in July 1960, Fidel Castro dedicated the Camilo Cienfuegos Mountain Boarding School, which was established as a school for the largely-uneducated peasant children of the Sierra Maestra. In 1966, the
504:, while walking back to their university, he and his fellow students were shot and wounded by police. He was eventually forced to drop out of school due to financial difficulties and began working at the same clothing shop as his father. He also briefly emigrated to the
1139:, Cienfuegos also commissioned a number of PSP members as officers in the army, even though they hadn't fought in the war. Cienfuegos also participated in talks between 26 July Movement and the Popular Socialist Party, which aimed at merging the two organisations.
1166:. While away, Guevara's men began to worry that he had been removed by Castro, protesting to Cienfuegos when an unpopular commander was named as his substitute. But Cienfuegos proved unmoved by their complaints and reprimanded the soldiers for not obeying orders.
1646:
Almost immediately after Cienfuegos disappeared, many people began to speculate about the events and some even suspected foul play. The pilot of Cienfuegos' plane had been inexperienced, and although the government claimed that the plane had been taken down by a
1782:
643:
shot a disobedient soldier. Castro defended the killing as a disciplinary action, managing to persuade a majority of the soldiers to vote for his demotion. Many of those in the minority that had wanted to see him executed subsequently left the rebel forces.
1632:
organization expressed concern that someone captured by the rebels might be tortured and killed, he replied that he wouldn't even have considered such an act, which he thought would have lowered the revolutionaries' methods to the level of their opponents.
821:, in order to reinforce the revolutionary forces against the national offensive. The revolutionaries were then able to continuously ambush the army, which mostly focused on guarding coffee and sugar plantations, while their own insurgent economy only grew.
1620:, in some cases even being considered second only to Fidel himself. Although his campaign in Las Villas was not as well-conducted as Guevara's, Cienfuegos' actions in the last months of the war earned him particular distinction as a revolutionary leader.
1816:
to students aged 11 to 17. Graduates from these high schools received priority admission to cadet schools, such that within five years, 74% of students at the military technological institute were graduates from the Camilo Cienfuegos Schools. The
1583:. The Cuban government even played up his libertarian credentials in order to garner international support. But Cuban-American historian Frank FernĂĄndez has disputed this characterisation, questioning whether Cienfuegos was ever involved with the
1681:
Another speculation was that his plane had been mistaken for a hostile aircraft and shot down by a Cuban Air Force pilot. There has also been speculation that Cienfuegos faked his death and fled to the US, as some speculate it may have been to
974:. By Christmas Day, they had captured most of the province, leaving only the major cities in the hands of the regime. Meanwhile, Cienfuegos' column moved to the north of the province and launched an attack on the National Army garrison at
1791:
After the revolution, streets and buildings throughout Cuba were renamed after heroes of the Revolution, including Cienfuegos himself. A village previously known as "Hershey", in the municipality of Santa Cruz del Norte, was renamed to
587:
unit. It was also brought under the command of an inner council, of which Cienfuegos was also a member. With Fidel Castro as commander-in-chief, all of the leading commanders of the revolutionary armed forces shared equal rank: that of
1299:, formally demoting Cienfuegos, who had previously been his superior officer. This triggered the resignation of Huber Matos, who accused Fidel Castro of "burying the revolution". Fidel responded by publicly denouncing Matos for
1543:." Cienfuegos himself considered the Cuban Revolution to have been anti-authoritarian and "non-Communist", and continued to reiterate this view even after Castro's line on the matter changed. To Cienfuegos, the Revolution was "
1237:, which Valdés took charge of. Castro also began reorganizing the armed forces, purging the officers of the old National Army and replacing them with a new military elite of ex-guerrillas that were personally loyal to Castro.
420:
Cienfuegos was a popular figure in Cuba, due to his cheerful and carefree personality, which contrasted sharply with the strict austerity of his comrade Guevara. Although he was claimed by different factions to have been a
1310:
Fidel dispatched Cienfuegos to CamagĂŒey, where he found that Matos' forces remained loyal to their commander. Matos ordered his officers to treat Cienfuegos' arrival with respect, so as to make it clear that there was no
1006:, where they accepted the unconditional surrender of the local regiment. The soldiers were disarmed of their rifles but allowed by Cienfuegos to keep their pistols. Cienfuegos' column then moved on and occupied
607:. By May 1957, the rebels were marching east, planning to launch another attack against the army. With Castro having appointed Cienfuegos as commander of the Second Column, on 28 May, the rebels surrounded the
1538:
and appeared not to hold any strong political beliefs, although he remained personally loyal to Castro. Farber commented that he "remained less politically sophisticated than the Castro brothers as well as
1279:
Castro's consolidation of power, as well as the increasing role of the Popular Socialist Party in government, began to worry some officers in the Revolutionary Army. The provincial commander of CamagĂŒey,
1347:
News of his disappearance was not reported until 30 October. When news of it was brought to the Cabinet by RaĂșl Castro, Fidel seemed surprised and visibly upset, and the government quickly ordered a
1654:
1674:
that Cienfuegos was growing too popular for Castro's liking. Some skeptics speculated that Castro had falsely announced that Cienfuegos was found in order to gauge the public's feelings about him.
837:
and Cienfuegos west, in an attempt to bring the direction of the fighting under their command. Cienfuegos himself was directed to lead his 82-strong Antonio Maceo Column across the island towards
1385:
But in reality, no sign of a plane wreckage had actually been found. Hours after the report of Cienfuegos' discovery, the Revolutionary Armed Forces denied its validity, alleging it to have been
1404:. Fidel Castro accelerated his consolidation of power after Cienfuegos' death, using it as a reason to convince Cubans of the need to "defend the Revolution at all costs". This meant the end of
724:, Cienfuegos was left to recover from his wounds. Meanwhile, Castro himself began consolidating his authority within the "free territory" that had been carved out of the Sierra Maestra.
1764:
1744:
1188:
that had started the Revolution, the revolutionary government went to mass, where they commemorated those that fell during the revolution, before presiding over a mass demonstration at
829:
By August 1958, the National Army had finally withdrawn from the Sierra and Castro began to plan new offensive operations. By this time, independent insurrections had broken out in the
908:, who became Guevara's personal aide. Cienfuegos spent much of his time there organising regular collective reading sessions, dedicated to studying the works of Cuban national heroes
759:. The failure of the general strike was a blow to the revolutionaries, with different factions blaming each other, while Batista received new arms shipments from Dominican dictator
1510:. Cienfuegos' "devil-may-care personality" was often contrasted with Guevara's "strictness", although the two would become fast friends after joining the revolutionary leadership.
1267:
The conflict between Castro and the liberal president Manuel Urrutia, in which the former rallied his supporters to oust the latter, lay the foundations for the construction of an
944:. As Cienfuegos and Guevara continued to see success against the National Army, Cienfuegos' column was ordered to remain in the province, rather than pushing on to Pinar del RĂo.
6680:
1374:
reported that "merchants were forced to close their stores because the clerks deserted. I was surprised to learn that Major Cienfuegos was so popular." Many Catholics credited
595:
In March 1957, the National Army initiated a counter-offensive against the rebels, confidently declaring victory over them by early April. Within weeks, the rebels returned to
932:
initially promised to negotiate a peaceful solution to the political crisis in the country, but quickly re-committed to Batista's plan of forcefully suppressing the uprising.
1832:
named in his honour. Camilo is also remembered on the 20 Cuban peso bill and the 20 Cuban convertible peso bill. He was also pictured on the 40-cent coins, now discontinued.
1249:. In September 1959, Cienfuegos joined the Castro brothers in going to Santa Clara, where they sacked the provincial heads of 26 July Movement, the revolutionary army and
671:, after which they were invited to join the revolutionary army. They also captured and executed some young bandits that had stolen from the revolutionaries, as well as a
6750:
6745:
3309:
1612:, he quickly distinguished himself as one of the most popular revolutionary leaders. As a key lieutenant of Fidel Castro, Cienfuegos was comparable in rank and fame to
1547:
as Cuban as the palm trees, uniquely and exclusively Cuban." This was the version of the revolution that he vowed to die for "whenever the moment should demand it".
1007:
1271:, with Castro dissolving all remaining institutions of civilian government. Cienfuegos complained during the events that "his Fidel really likes to fuck around".
1482:, the gay life. He may have had a penchant for friendships and associations deemed undesirable by some of his more austere revolutionary comrades." While to the
1093:
like a good idea, but Che, with his sense of responsibility, told us it wasn't the right time to waste cannonballs, and he patiently returned to the palace, met
4304:
1142:
Having declared victory for the Revolution, Cienfuegos never ended up taking an official position within the government. He instead preferred to enjoy Havana's
1057:
to mark the final blow to the Batista regime, with the old institutions falling to the revolution with each passing hour. As Batista's former soldiers defected
1804:
of the battle, as well as material relating to Cienfuegos' life before, during, and after the revolution. A large statue of him stands in front of the museum.
271:
1710:. He served in the position until February 1966, when he was appointed as president of the Communist Party's foreign relations commission. He also joined the
6112:
1370:
Cienfuegos was falsely reported to have been found on 5 November, and work stopped throughout the country as people came out into the streets to celebrate.
1246:
1550:
Many have speculated about his possible communist allegiances, but no solid evidence of such has been found. Although described as a "closet Communist" by
1471:, Cienfuegos' "easygoing and friendly demeanor and Old Testament beard combined to project a popular counterimage alongside that of the July 26 leader."
1859:
1725:
Che Guevara named his son Camilo after Cienfuegos and kept a picture of him on his study wall after leaving Cuba. Guevara also dedicated his 1961 book
770:
On 16 April, Cienfuegos returned to active combat in the Sierra, with Castro appointing him as commander of the guerrilla warfare in the area between
1483:
1296:
370:
of the armed forces by the new revolutionary government. He oversaw the reorganization of the armed forces, in order to purge leading figures of the
1711:
1024:
1628:
question of tactics, he departed from many others in the revolutionary movement in rejecting violence and revenge. In October 1958, when a Cuban
1065:
appointed Cienfuegos as commander-in-chief of the Revolutionary Armed Forces. On 5 January, Cienfuegos welcomed members of the new revolutionary
489:
213:
712:
With rebel activity increasing around the country, Castro moved to extend their theatre of operations. On 27 February, he appointed Cienfuegos,
6670:
663:", who they wanted to try for abuses being committed under the revolutionary banner. The column went to Mount Caracas, where they captured the
496:, in December 1955, Camilo participated in a series of student demonstrations that were violently broken up by the authorities. After laying a
461:(SIA) and the AsociacĂon Libertaria de Cuba (ALC). While Camilo was still an infant, his father took him along with him to raise money for the
4232:
659:
personality helped offset Che's strictness", and the two became fast friends. Castro ordered Cienfuegos to pursue and neutralise a group of "
6129:
1467:, Cienfuegos, "with his open, jovial manner and warm smile, bid fair to become almost as popular as Castro himself". To American historian
998:
On 2 January 1959, Cienfuegos' and Guevara's columns finally moved on the Cuban capital of Havana, with Guevara capturing the fortress of
599:, supported by the local population. There they made efforts to combat the chronic malnutrition and illness of the peasantry, carried out
3269:
1669:. Proponents of this hypothesis included Huber Matos himself, who was convinced that his arrest and Camilo's disappearance were related.
5215:
6167:
1840:
Cienfuegos has also been depicted on revolutionary murals, which sometimes assigned to him a religious significance. In the 2008 film
667:
bandit leader Chino Chang, tried him by revolutionary tribunal and executed him. Three of Chang's young followers were subjected to a
611:
barracks and began firing on it. Despite some losses, the rebels were victorious and quickly looted the barracks, taking supplies and
6725:
6700:
1809:
410:
6720:
6207:
1793:
863:
looting. In CamagĂŒey, they received assistance from local communists, who helped produce propaganda leaflets for 26 July Movement.
786:
in order to train new recruits. He had hoped to reunite on the front lines with Cienfuegos, who consoled his friend with a letter:
735:, but the initiative was rejected by Castro. As Fulgencio Batista attempted to salvage the situation, the 26 July Movement and the
22:
2731:
6735:
6675:
5994:
3345:
1464:
381:
objected to Castro's consolidation of power, he was arrested by Cienfuegos. While flying back from Matos' former headquarters at
4148:
1769:
1749:
1408:
and the re-establishment of revolutionary tribunals, which expanded the definition of "counter-revolutionary" by criminalising
462:
458:
1489:"Camilo's austere figure, black beard and gentle, dignified manner gave him an even more Christ-like appearance than Castro."
1453:, Cienfuegos "exemplified the quintessential native, male, urban Cuban with his sense of humor, great interest in dancing and
1367:, BeatĂłn was himself assassinated the following year, prompting many to suspect foul play in the disappearance of Cienfuegos.
1340:
took off from CamagĂŒey, headed for Havana. Cienfuegos disappeared along the way, his plane apparently having been lost in the
6685:
6665:
6453:
6049:
5916:
5798:
5499:
1492:
1250:
1226:
882:
736:
1690:. In 1960, a former nurse from Havana that had fled to Miami claimed she had nursed Cienfuegos, but she was later declared "
6318:
1694:". British historian Hugh Thomas himself speculated whether the mystery of Cienfuegos' disappearance would ever be solved.
6655:
3575:
958:
Instead, Cienfuegos and Guevara aimed to cut the island in half by definitively capturing the province. Guevara captured
6557:
6483:
6106:
5908:
886:
853:. The revolutionaries pressed on despite the poor conditions of the expedition, with Cienfuegos reporting in October:
6547:
6075:
6010:
5976:
5882:
5850:
5831:
5760:
5726:
5688:
5651:
5625:
5598:
5384:
562:
1389:
propaganda that had aimed to assassinate Castro. The Cuban government subsequently declared Camilo Cienfuegos to be
6740:
6184:
1424:
reported on allegations of rising tensions between them and Cienfuegos, the Castros also began to campaign against
343:
236:
175:
87:
6715:
6383:
1813:
1089:
688:
5329:
1131:, a member of the PSP, to establish a Cultural Section of the Revolutionary Armed Forces that would oversee the
6705:
6160:
5706:
5643:
1185:
764:
639:
in particular was committed to strict discipline, which caused tensions with the recruits when rebel commander
26:
1316:
CamagĂŒey to take over Matos' command, overseeing the complete reorganization of the province's armed forces.
557:
6398:
3603:
3173:
6463:
5790:
405:
to have been responsible, but no proof of such has been discovered. Cienfuegos has since become known as a
6388:
5302:
1234:
720:
to command their own columns. While RaĂșl and Almeida were dispatched to carry out guerrilla activities in
6730:
4208:
1719:
1256:
During this time, Castro also dispatched a group of 200 Dominicans and 10 Cuban guerrillas to invade the
1230:
1066:
920:
450:
6443:
4050:
1304:
1212:). Baseball quickly became a fixture of post-revolutionary Cuban culture, with United States ambassador
898:
6620:
480:
activist, at a time when student dissidents were highly active and increasingly being repressed by the
6423:
6695:
6690:
6153:
4094:
1829:
1417:
929:
732:
6343:
4344:
3551:
3440:
1800:, at the site of the barracks of the Batista's forces during the 1958 battle. The museum includes a
1775:
1189:
838:
6501:
5968:
5942:
5752:
1727:
1579:, many within the international anarchist movement claimed Cienfuegos himself to have also been an
1568:
or referred to him in neutral terms. Some have also pointed out the influence of his older brother
1393:. His body has never been discovered and the official story has neither been proven nor disproven.
1257:
6496:
4623:
1136:
6710:
6197:
5106:
1759:
anniversary of his death, on 28 October 2009, a steel outline of Cienfuegos' face and the words "
1715:
1352:
1193:
1132:
728:
580:
6126:
1169:
6473:
6338:
6232:
1818:
913:
905:
501:
6433:
5934:
5491:
5374:
4647:
1499:
1062:
1038:
108:
6378:
6328:
6270:
6244:
5718:
5234:
1405:
1386:
549:
542:
521:
509:
339:
335:
281:
261:
190:
5782:
5744:
4507:
1739:
747:" against the Batista regime. However, the call for a general strike was disregarded by the
6660:
6650:
6572:
6567:
5126:
3209:
1895:
1893:
1425:
1390:
1159:
878:
394:
351:
179:
5086:
4264:
2034:
846:
575:
During the set up for an ambush of the National Army, Cienfuegos accidentally almost shot
8:
6562:
6491:
6293:
6288:
6212:
5783:
5681:
3986:
1825:
1785:
1523:
1375:
904:
Cienfuegos' column was supplied with provisions by the local communist militants such as
830:
713:
680:
economy in El Hombrito, complete with a dam, a hospital, farms, factories and workshops.
568:
414:
371:
6313:
4400:
1890:
1535:
656:
434:
330:
from an early age, going on to join the opposition movement against the dictatorship of
6517:
6239:
6227:
6217:
5868:
5674:
5555:
4998:
4588:
3627:
3412:
1576:
1561:
1552:
1413:
1371:
1163:
1011:
979:
850:
454:
446:
386:
367:
355:
327:
323:
276:
165:
83:
6368:
6283:
5817:
5711:
5176:
5054:
3101:
2779:
1284:, shared his own concerns with Cienfuegos, who promised to investigate the situation.
6522:
6081:
6071:
6045:
6016:
6006:
5982:
5972:
5946:
5922:
5912:
5888:
5878:
5872:
5856:
5846:
5827:
5804:
5794:
5766:
5756:
5732:
5722:
5694:
5684:
5657:
5647:
5621:
5604:
5594:
5495:
5380:
4284:
3141:
1707:
1703:
1584:
1569:
1498:
described him as "a childlike fellow, always playing with guns", while his successor
1486:
1348:
1155:
1128:
1035:
803:
485:
473:
466:
398:
390:
331:
200:
2695:
2663:
1401:
1192:, followed by a military parade. Later that night, they held a baseball game at the
406:
6278:
6222:
6192:
6176:
5584:
1847:
1624:
1609:
1495:
1475:
1379:
1268:
924:
814:
807:
783:
779:
775:
721:
312:
303:
266:
256:
6438:
6428:
6117:
4074:
4018:
3531:
3121:
2815:
986:
640:
537:
6408:
6308:
6251:
6133:
6002:
5958:
5823:
5307:
4838:
4683:
1842:
1507:
1468:
1261:
909:
890:
760:
655:. Cienfuegos' and Guevara's leadership styles proved complementary, as "Camilo's
612:
600:
6468:
5962:
5588:
5034:
4978:
1094:
691:, depicting Cienfuegos (left) and Guevara (right) laying an ambush in the Sierra
409:
in Cuba, with a number of institutions being dedicated to his name, including a
6353:
6202:
6059:
6037:
5900:
4568:
3894:
3866:
1687:
1670:
1565:
1445:
Robert A. Paneque (left), Camilo Cienfuegos (center) and Ronaldo Abello (right)
1242:
1088:
Tensions had not yet subsided, as the Revolutionary Directorate held on to the
1054:
1015:
894:
881:, the insurrection there was mostly directed by independent groups such as the
740:
668:
664:
604:
553:
481:
453:. His father RamĂłn Cienfuegos worked as a tailor in Havana and was involved in
426:
6348:
6323:
4810:
1666:
1658:
1617:
767:
formed an alliance against the regime, with many communists joining the army.
717:
402:
6644:
6607:
6418:
6403:
6373:
6298:
6137:
6085:
5778:
5635:
1781:
1459:
1450:
1409:
1341:
1213:
901:, to mediate the dispute, and in the process meeting Guevara and Cienfuegos.
752:
596:
505:
308:
6413:
4384:
1502:
described him as a "gay, happy-go-lucky, adventuresome sort". The newspaper
1058:
445:
In 1932, Camilo Cienfuegos was born into a working-class family, the son of
346:
and a popular leading figure of the revolution, becoming close friends with
6363:
5905:
Visions of Power in Cuba: Revolution, Redemption, and Resistance, 1959-1971
5669:
1824:
On 10 December 1979, the Cuban government decreed the establishment of the
1147:
589:
517:
316:
246:
120:
35:
5516:
3850:
3491:
1518:
1287:
999:
963:
647:
Sardiñas was stripped of command and replaced by Cienfuegos, who was made
6634:
6602:
6552:
6527:
6393:
6358:
6303:
2997:
2954:
1629:
1613:
1540:
1527:
1281:
1042:
870:
834:
756:
748:
636:
627:
576:
378:
347:
2647:
2002:
1986:
982:, Cienfuegos' column captured 250 men and 375 rifles, before moving on.
382:
374:
and replace them with guerrilla commanders more loyal to Fidel Castro.
2415:
1479:
1397:
1337:
1329:
1312:
1196:, where Cienfuegos and Castro played for a team called "Los Barbudos" (
397:
by the Cuban government. His disappearance quickly spawned a number of
342:. He quickly distinguished himself as one of the top commanders of the
208:
5350:
5334:
4727:
2090:
1324:
818:
6579:
6067:
5254:
4699:
4470:
3807:
2835:
2799:
2763:
2619:
2018:
1683:
1623:
While a capable military commander, Cienfuegos never demonstrated an
1580:
1557:
1360:
1143:
940:, with the revolutionaries capturing a large amount of territory and
744:
677:
493:
477:
430:
422:
5018:
4938:
4192:
2715:
2603:
1441:
947:
676:
Before long, the revolutionaries had managed to establish an entire
64:
6145:
4882:
3659:
3241:
3025:
2923:
2479:
1797:
1691:
1454:
1174:
1074:
1003:
975:
971:
952:
941:
799:
584:
359:
5926:
5808:
5736:
4922:
4435:
3934:
1706:
was appointed as Minister of Public Works, replacing the engineer
1031:
1018:
arrived in Havana, he reported of Cienfuegos' Camp Columbia that:
683:
338:
on its expedition to Cuba and was one of the few survivors of the
6020:
5661:
4368:
1801:
1300:
1225:
Before long, Cienfuegos was observing the beginnings of Castro's
959:
937:
652:
648:
39:
5986:
5950:
5892:
5860:
5843:
Insurrection & Revolution: Armed Struggle in Cuba, 1952â1959
5332:[Cienfuegos now has his place next to 'Che' in Havana].
1080:
6101:
5770:
5698:
5608:
5412:
3481:
3479:
1846:, the character of Cienfuegos was "played with great verve" by
1648:
1364:
1332:, the model of plane that Cienfuegos was on when he disappeared
1178:
1061:
to the revolution, the newly installed revolutionary president
1046:
967:
858:
to eat a mare... Almost all our animals were left in the marsh.
771:
660:
513:
497:
363:
152:
2258:
2256:
1933:
1931:
866:
5455:
5270:
4954:
4910:
4558:
4556:
4554:
1796:
in his honour. A museum dedicated to Cienfuegos was built in
1661:, who was suspected by some of having assassinated Cienfuegos
1253:(INRA), replacing them with more loyal supporters of Castro.
1173:
Cienfuegos (left) and Fidel Castro (right), arriving to play
608:
5431:
5151:
5149:
4539:
3910:
3882:
3759:
3476:
3428:
3400:
3388:
3297:
2066:
1943:
970:
on 21 December, before moving on to capture the junction at
731:
began calling for peace negotiations and the formation of a
6584:
5166:
5164:
4613:
4611:
3378:
3376:
3013:
2970:
2911:
2899:
2567:
2555:
2531:
2507:
2495:
2455:
2431:
2376:
2352:
2328:
2316:
2304:
2253:
2229:
1928:
672:
552:
on 2 December 1956, 26 July Movement made its way into the
5330:"Cienfuegos ya tiene su sitio junto al 'Che' en La Habana"
4898:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4551:
2405:
2403:
751:, as many workplaces remained open and any workers taking
623:
5467:
5443:
5146:
4786:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4454:
3950:
2987:
2985:
2944:
2942:
2887:
2683:
2205:
2169:
2157:
2145:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2106:
2054:
1974:
1918:
1916:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1151:
739:
signed a joint manifesto on 12 March, which called for a
5845:. Translated by Ortega, Juan. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
5282:
5161:
5074:
4966:
4743:
4715:
4608:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4425:
4423:
4180:
4138:
4136:
4123:
4121:
4006:
3840:
3838:
3783:
3771:
3747:
3735:
3723:
3711:
3687:
3519:
3373:
3197:
1400:
by a revolutionary tribunal, Cienfuegos was made into a
5419:
5216:"The time a dead Cuban revolutionary was seen in Tampa"
4858:
4798:
4767:
4671:
4527:
3922:
3675:
3464:
3257:
3161:
3089:
3065:
3053:
2851:
2591:
2579:
2543:
2519:
2467:
2443:
2400:
2388:
2364:
2340:
2292:
2280:
2268:
2241:
2217:
2181:
1010:
in Havana, which Cienfuegos received command over from
936:
offensive was halted and they were then pushed back to
6681:
Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes San Alejandro alumni
5535:
4755:
4451:
3229:
3077:
3041:
2982:
2939:
2863:
2118:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1913:
1871:
1069:
as they arrived in Havana, where they awaited Castro.
6618:
5196:
4870:
4826:
4486:
4420:
4133:
4118:
4038:
3974:
3962:
3835:
3823:
3795:
3699:
3647:
3507:
2635:
2193:
2078:
1245:
of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, replacing Colonel
849:
on 7 September and clashed with the National Army at
2875:
1731:
to Cienfuegos, a picture of whom adorned the cover.
18:
Cuban revolutionary fighter and guerilla (1933â1959)
5488:
Cuban Modernism: Mid-Century Architecture 1940â1970
1955:
1665:Some alleged he had been assassinated by his rival
583:, while Cienfuegos took command of a small special
6751:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Cuba
6746:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1959
5874:Guerrilla Prince: The Untold Story of Fidel Castro
5710:
5673:
1860:List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea
1641:
1220:
5519:[State honours of the Republic of Cuba].
1084:Cienfuegos watching Castro speak at Camp Columbia
1053:The following day, 26 July Movement called for a
307:; 6 February 1932 â 28 October 1959) was a Cuban
6642:
5785:The Origins of the Cuban Revolution Reconsidered
5409:Museos de América Latina y el Caribe: Directorio
5373:Sainsbury, Brendan (2009). Lonely Planet (ed.).
1712:Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba
877:Before the arrival of Guevara and Cienfuegos in
358:in December 1958, Cienfuegos led the capture of
1303:. Cienfuegos, along with Guevara and President
214:Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes San Alejandro
46: and the second or maternal family name is
5933:
5486:Deupi, Victor; Lejeune, Jean-Francois (2021).
5248:
5136:
5120:
4816:
4250:
4162:
3617:
3418:
3331:
3287:
2044:
1937:
1903:
1150:on 2 June, Cienfuegos arrived with bottles of
532:
476:, who had graduated as an architect, became a
6161:
5616:Barrio, Hilda; Jenkins, Gareth, eds. (2003).
5615:
5406:
4916:
1295:In October 1959, RaĂșl Castro was promoted to
1158:. Shortly after the wedding, Guevara went to
923:was held, Guevara and Cienfuegos organised a
5840:
5485:
3434:
3359:
3327:
3303:
3223:
3183:
1980:
1949:
5556:"Saluting the Rebel Underneath the T-Shirt"
1197:
813:On 24 May 1958, the National Army launched
512:for a period. In 1956, Cienfuegos moved to
6168:
6154:
5819:Cuban Anarchism: The History of a Movement
1702:Shortly after Camilo's death, his brother
1534:Cienfuegos wasn't openly committed to any
1297:Minister of the Revolutionary Armed Forces
1162:to meet with state representatives of the
1002:. That day, Cienfuegos' column arrived at
63:
5815:
5743:
5517:"ĐĐŸŃŃĐŽĐ°ŃŃŃĐČĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐ” ĐœĐ°ĐłŃĐ°ĐŽŃ Đ Đ”ŃĐżŃблОĐșĐž ĐŃба"
5514:
5473:
5461:
5449:
5372:
5276:
5244:
2773:
2749:
2721:
1922:
1899:
1821:also bears the name "Camilo Cienfuegos".
1810:Camilo Cienfuegos Military Schools System
1457:, good looks, love of women, and overall
841:, in emulation of his column's namesake.
385:, Cienfuegos' plane disappeared over the
100:3 January 1959 â 28 October 1959
5583:
5356:
5288:
5260:
5182:
5170:
5132:
5112:
5092:
5024:
5004:
4705:
4653:
4629:
4406:
4350:
4310:
4290:
4270:
4238:
4214:
4198:
4100:
4080:
4056:
4024:
3900:
3872:
3856:
3777:
3765:
3753:
3741:
3729:
3581:
3557:
3537:
3525:
3446:
3382:
3351:
3315:
3275:
3263:
3247:
3215:
3179:
3167:
3147:
3127:
3107:
3095:
3071:
3059:
3019:
3003:
2960:
2857:
2841:
2821:
2805:
2785:
2737:
2669:
2653:
2609:
2597:
2585:
2573:
2561:
2549:
2537:
2525:
2513:
2501:
2485:
2473:
2461:
2449:
2437:
2421:
2409:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2358:
2346:
2334:
2322:
2310:
2298:
2286:
2274:
2262:
2247:
2235:
2223:
1780:
1738:
1653:
1517:
1440:
1323:
1286:
1233:and Victor Pina with establishing a new
1168:
1079:
1030:
993:
946:
865:
833:of Central Cuba. Castro decided to send
798:
763:. In response, 26 July Movement and the
682:
622:
541:Cuban guerrillas disembarking after the
536:
23:Camilo Cienfuegos (Santa Cruz del Norte)
6058:
6036:
5705:
5186:
5116:
5096:
5060:
5012:
4804:
4354:
4318:
4246:
4158:
4084:
3860:
3633:
3609:
3585:
3561:
3497:
3450:
3355:
3323:
3283:
2745:
2701:
1734:
1116:
845:aerial bombardment. They advanced into
824:
527:
6643:
5993:
5899:
5777:
5668:
5634:
5541:
5437:
5425:
5360:
5300:
5264:
5240:
5080:
5068:
5048:
5040:
5008:
4992:
4984:
4972:
4960:
4948:
4944:
4932:
4928:
4904:
4892:
4888:
4876:
4864:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4820:
4780:
4761:
4749:
4737:
4733:
4721:
4709:
4693:
4677:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4641:
4617:
4602:
4598:
4582:
4578:
4562:
4545:
4533:
4521:
4464:
4441:
4429:
4410:
4394:
4378:
4362:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4294:
4278:
4258:
4242:
4218:
4186:
4170:
4154:
4127:
4112:
4104:
4064:
4060:
4044:
4032:
4028:
4012:
3996:
3992:
3980:
3940:
3928:
3916:
3904:
3888:
3876:
3829:
3813:
3801:
3789:
3717:
3705:
3693:
3681:
3669:
3665:
3653:
3597:
3569:
3545:
3513:
3501:
3485:
3470:
3458:
3422:
3406:
3394:
3367:
3339:
3319:
3291:
3279:
3235:
3219:
3203:
3191:
3155:
3135:
3131:
3115:
3111:
3083:
3047:
3035:
3031:
3007:
2991:
2976:
2964:
2948:
2933:
2929:
2917:
2905:
2893:
2869:
2845:
2829:
2825:
2809:
2793:
2789:
2769:
2741:
2709:
2689:
2677:
2657:
2641:
2629:
2613:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2112:
2100:
2096:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2040:
2028:
2012:
1996:
1968:
1907:
1884:
1530:(middle) and Camilo Cienfuegos (right)
707:
618:
459:Solidaridad Internacional Antifascista
25:. For the village in Villa Clara, see
6671:20th-century Cuban military personnel
6149:
5957:
5867:
5553:
5515:Grigoriev, V.S. (30 September 2003).
5202:
5190:
5155:
5140:
5100:
5064:
5044:
5028:
4988:
4832:
4792:
4689:
4637:
4633:
4594:
4574:
4517:
4513:
4501:
4480:
4476:
4445:
4414:
4390:
4374:
4358:
4334:
4326:
4298:
4274:
4254:
4226:
4222:
4202:
4174:
4166:
4142:
4108:
4088:
4068:
4000:
3968:
3956:
3944:
3844:
3817:
3641:
3637:
3621:
3613:
3593:
3589:
3565:
3541:
3454:
3363:
3335:
3251:
3187:
3151:
2881:
2757:
2753:
2725:
2705:
2673:
2625:
2489:
2425:
2024:
2008:
1992:
1714:and, in 1976, became a member of the
1697:
1513:
1274:
1251:Instituto Nacional de Reforma Agraria
1121:
319:among the revolutionary leadership.
304:[kaËmilosjeɱËfweÉŁosÉŁorjaËÉŸan]
302:
6175:
6042:Family Portrait With Fidel: A Memoir
1229:. Castro quickly tasked Cienfuegos,
401:, many of which speculated Fidel or
5841:GarcĂa-PĂ©rez, Gladys Marel (1998).
5640:Cuba, Castro, and the United States
1743:Steel outline of Cienfuegos on the
1598:practiced loyalty like a religion.
1590:
1351:operation. Throughout the country,
615:back into the mountains with them.
389:. After a few days of an attempted
350:during their guerrilla campaign in
315:, he was considered second only to
13:
6558:United States embargo against Cuba
6484:Second National Front of Escambray
6029:
5909:University of North Carolina Press
5676:Fidel: A Biography of Fidel Castro
1835:
1463:". According to British historian
887:Second National Front of Escambray
433:, he never publicly expressed any
311:. One of the major figures of the
21:For the village in Mayabeque, see
14:
6762:
6548:Aftermath of the Cuban Revolution
6208:Havana Presidential Palace attack
6094:
5590:Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life
5301:Casuso, Jorge (28 October 2009).
1572:, who was a committed communist.
1105:) Cienfuegos responded in kind, "
524:for its expedition back to Cuba.
6726:People declared dead in absentia
6701:Cuban people of Asturian descent
6628:
6100:
5554:Scott, A.O. (11 December 2008).
5547:
5508:
5479:
5400:
5366:
5322:
5294:
5208:
1812:was also established to provide
1763:" were added to the side of the
1336:On 28 October 1959, Cienfuegos'
1319:
1291:Cienfuegos arresting Huber Matos
985:This offensive proved to be the
488:. Having himself enrolled in an
344:Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces
6721:Missing person cases in Florida
5877:. Little, Brown & Company.
5822:. Translated by Bufe, Charles.
5576:
5303:"Who Killed Camilo Cienfuegos?"
1642:Speculation about disappearance
1412:, eliminating the category of "
1221:Consolidation of the Revolution
1103:"Am I doing all right, Camilo?"
1025:ambassador of the United States
630:, during his guerrilla campaign
6736:People of the Cuban Revolution
6676:20th-century Cuban politicians
5644:University of Pittsburgh Press
5407:SĂĄnchez Oliva, Iraida (1991).
5379:. Lonely Planet Publications.
4692:, pp. 272, 352, 723â724;
1436:
1186:attack on the Moncada Barracks
873:on a mule in Las Villas (1958)
163:28 October 1959 (aged 27)
27:Camilo Cienfuegos, Villa Clara
1:
5338:(in Spanish). 29 October 2009
1865:
440:
70:
6686:Baseball players from Havana
6666:20th-century Cuban educators
6136:, a podcast about Camilo at
6118:"Who was Camilo Cienfuegos?"
5999:Cuba: The Pursuit of Freedom
5791:University of North Carolina
1449:To Cuban-American historian
1431:
1111:"You are doing fine, Fidel!"
455:left-wing political activism
366:, where he was appointed as
38:, the first or paternal
7:
6127:Camilo, la Estrella Cercana
1853:
921:1958 Cuban general election
533:Landing and first offensive
296:Camilo Cienfuegos GorriarĂĄn
140:Camilo Cienfuegos GorriarĂĄn
10:
6767:
6656:1950s missing person cases
6384:José Ramón Machado Ventura
5749:Cuba: Order and Revolution
1765:Ministry of Communications
1745:Ministry of Communications
1420:by association. After the
1184:On the anniversary of the
951:Monument to Cienfuegos in
326:, Cienfuegos engaged with
237:Revolutionary Armed Forces
88:Revolutionary Armed Forces
33:
20:
6595:
6540:
6510:
6482:
6454:Directorio Revolucionario
6452:
6389:Fernando MartĂnez Heredia
6269:
6260:
6183:
6070:: Editorial Seix Barral.
5969:W.W. Norton & Company
5816:FernĂĄndez, Frank (2001).
4917:Barrio & Jenkins 2003
3318:, pp. 372, 375â376;
1636:
1560:, to Castro's biographer
1474:United States ambassador
1110:
1102:
1045:and Camilo Cienfuegos in
883:Revolutionary Directorate
737:Revolutionary Directorate
733:national unity government
289:
252:
242:
232:
224:
219:
207:
196:
186:
171:
159:
135:
130:
126:
114:
104:
93:
82:
78:
62:
55:
6502:William Alexander Morgan
6444:Sergio del Valle Jiménez
5943:World Publishing Company
5939:My 14 Months with Castro
5753:Harvard University Press
5717:. New Haven and London:
1830:socialist order of merit
1585:Cuban anarchist movement
1396:While Matos was given a
1235:Intelligence Directorate
899:Sancti SpĂritus Province
689:Museum of the Revolution
572:the initial expedition.
558:ambushed in a cane field
172:Cause of death
6741:Politicians from Havana
6464:JosĂ© Antonio EcheverrĂa
6424:Carlos Rafael RodrĂguez
6198:History Will Absolve Me
6132:29 January 2017 at the
5967:. New York and London:
5415:: Editorial JosĂ© MartĂ.
1194:Estadio Latinoamericano
1133:Cuban literacy campaign
765:Popular Socialist Party
755:were shot by Batista's
729:Catholic Church in Cuba
472:Camilo's older brother
411:Military Schools System
6716:Missing air passengers
6474:Rolando Cubela Secades
6344:Abelardo Colomé Ibarra
6339:Norberto Collado Abreu
6233:Battle of Las Mercedes
5620:. St. Martin's Press.
5490:. BirkhÀuser. p.
4963:, pp. 1050, 1247.
3421:, pp. 58, 66â67;
3334:, pp. 58, 66â67;
3290:, pp. 58, 66â67;
2075:, pp. 919-920n49.
1819:University of Matanzas
1788:
1776:Plaza de la RevoluciĂłn
1755:
1662:
1600:
1531:
1446:
1333:
1292:
1227:consolidation of power
1190:Plaza de la RevoluciĂłn
1181:
1085:
1050:
1029:
955:
874:
860:
810:
797:
692:
651:of Guevara's vanguard
631:
603:and taught classes on
545:
6706:Cuban revolutionaries
6497:Eloy Gutiérrez Menoyo
6399:Antonio NĂșñez JimĂ©nez
6379:Neill W. Macaulay Jr.
6329:Mario Chanes de Armas
6271:26th of July Movement
6245:Battle of Santa Clara
5719:Yale University Press
5713:The Real Fidel Castro
5440:, pp. 1292â1293.
4605:, pp. 1247â1248.
4548:, pp. 1274â1275.
4524:, pp. 1247â1248.
4397:, pp. 1247â1248.
3919:, pp. 1072â1073.
3907:, pp. 1072â1073.
3891:, pp. 1071â1072.
3879:, pp. 1071â1072.
3600:, pp. 1033â1034.
3504:, pp. 1032â1033.
3488:, pp. 1032â1033.
3425:, pp. 1031â1032.
3409:, pp. 1031â1032.
3397:, pp. 1030â1031.
3370:, pp. 1029â1030.
3366:, pp. 213, 215;
3342:, pp. 1029â1030.
3294:, pp. 1029â1030.
3278:, pp. 372, 375;
2979:, pp. 1012â1013.
2920:, pp. 1041â1042.
2908:, pp. 1008â1009.
1784:
1742:
1718:and secretary of the
1657:
1595:
1521:
1506:also compared him to
1444:
1406:judicial independence
1387:counter-revolutionary
1327:
1290:
1172:
1137:Julio GarcĂa Espinosa
1083:
1034:
1020:
994:Revolutionary victory
978:. During the ensuing
950:
869:
855:
802:
788:
686:
626:
550:landing of the Granma
543:Landing of the Granma
540:
522:26th of July Movement
340:Landing of the Granma
336:26th of July Movement
334:. He joined Castro's
282:Battle of Santa Clara
262:Landing of the Granma
191:26th of July Movement
6573:Cuban Missile Crisis
6568:Bay of Pigs Invasion
6109:at Wikimedia Commons
5935:LĂłpez-Fresquet, Rufo
5682:Dodd, Mead & Co.
5189:, pp. 164â165;
5119:, pp. 164â165;
5099:, pp. 164â165;
5063:, pp. 164â165;
4632:, pp. 450â451;
4520:, pp. 271â272;
4516:, pp. 217â218;
4409:, pp. 450â451;
4393:, pp. 271â272;
4357:, pp. 164â165;
4337:, pp. 271â272;
4321:, pp. 164â165;
4313:, pp. 450â451;
4277:, pp. 269â270;
4257:, pp. 269â270;
4249:, pp. 163â164;
4221:, pp. 103â104;
4107:, pp. 103â104;
4063:, pp. 102â103;
3995:, pp. 101â103;
3903:, pp. 383â384;
3875:, pp. 383â384;
3640:, pp. 207â208;
3636:, pp. 143â144;
3616:, pp. 207â208;
3612:, pp. 143â144;
3596:, pp. 219â221;
3592:, pp. 205â206;
3564:, pp. 142â143;
3457:, pp. 215â216;
3354:, pp. 375â376;
3282:, pp. 160â162;
3222:, pp. 158â159;
3186:, pp. 103â104;
3182:, pp. 360â361;
3150:, pp. 360â361;
3110:, pp. 339â340;
3006:, pp. 344â345;
2963:, pp. 339â340;
2792:, pp. 155â156;
2744:, pp. 155â156;
2740:, pp. 335â336;
2708:, pp. 192â194;
2628:, pp. 184â185;
2011:, pp. 124â125;
1995:, pp. 122â124;
1735:Memorial dedications
1720:Council of Ministers
1426:freedom of the press
1402:revolutionary martyr
1117:After the Revolution
1067:Council of Ministers
962:on 18 December, and
930:AndrĂ©s Rivero AgĂŒero
893:coming to them from
825:Las Villas Operation
528:Guerrilla activities
407:revolutionary martyr
354:. After winning the
272:Las Villas Operation
6563:La Coubre explosion
6492:Escambray rebellion
6434:Humberto SorĂ Marin
6294:Efigenio Ameijeiras
6289:Juan Almeida Bosque
6213:Humboldt 7 massacre
6044:. Alfred A. Knopf.
5869:Geyer, Georgie Anne
5826:: See Sharp Press.
5745:DomĂnguez, Jorge I.
5464:, pp. 351â352.
5279:, pp. 308â309.
5249:LĂłpez-Fresquet 1966
5158:, pp. 217â218.
5137:LĂłpez-Fresquet 1966
5121:LĂłpez-Fresquet 1966
5103:, pp. 217â218.
5015:, pp. 164â165.
4817:LĂłpez-Fresquet 1966
4795:, pp. 215â216.
4483:, pp. 271â272.
4417:, pp. 271â272.
4301:, pp. 271â272.
4273:, p. 449-451;
4251:LĂłpez-Fresquet 1966
4241:, p. 449-451;
4229:, pp. 266â267.
4225:, p. 215-216;
4163:LĂłpez-Fresquet 1966
4111:, p. 215-216;
4071:, pp. 264â265.
4003:, pp. 263â264.
3959:, pp. 222â223.
3863:, pp. 144â145.
3820:, pp. 259â260.
3768:, pp. 425â426.
3618:LĂłpez-Fresquet 1966
3419:LĂłpez-Fresquet 1966
3332:LĂłpez-Fresquet 1966
3288:LĂłpez-Fresquet 1966
3022:, pp. 344â345.
2692:, pp. 996â997.
2680:, pp. 996â997.
2660:, pp. 996â997.
2576:, pp. 315â316.
2564:, pp. 314â315.
2540:, pp. 313â314.
2516:, pp. 312â313.
2504:, pp. 305â307.
2464:, pp. 304â305.
2440:, pp. 303â304.
2428:, pp. 164â165.
2385:, pp. 290â291.
2361:, pp. 289â290.
2337:, pp. 288â289.
2325:, pp. 287â288.
2313:, pp. 286â287.
2265:, pp. 283â284.
2238:, pp. 282â283.
2214:, pp. 939â940.
2178:, pp. 938â939.
2166:, pp. 937â938.
2154:, pp. 936â937.
2142:, pp. 935â936.
2115:, pp. 934â935.
2103:, pp. 934â935.
2063:, pp. 914â915.
2045:LĂłpez-Fresquet 1966
2031:, pp. 899â901.
2015:, pp. 898â899.
1999:, pp. 897â898.
1938:LĂłpez-Fresquet 1966
1904:LĂłpez-Fresquet 1966
1826:Order of Cienfuegos
1786:Order of Cienfuegos
1524:Julio Antonio Mella
1500:Rufo LĂłpez-Fresquet
1376:Our Lady of Charity
1269:authoritarian state
1090:Presidential Palace
831:Escambray Mountains
727:In March 1958, the
708:Independent command
619:In Guevara's Column
569:Cuban National Army
399:conspiracy theories
372:Cuban National Army
69:Camilo Cienfuegos (
6731:People lost at sea
6240:Battle of Yaguajay
6228:Battle of La Plata
6218:Attack on El Uvero
5707:Coltman, Leycester
5376:Lonely Planet Cuba
5222:. 21 November 2018
5139:, pp. 58â59;
4907:, p. 1050n10.
4823:, p. 1050n10.
4736:, pp. 91â92;
4601:, pp. 89â90;
4565:, p. 1248n41.
4333:, pp. 88â89;
4173:, pp. 85â86;
4067:, pp. 84â85;
3999:, pp. 84â85;
2896:, p. 1008n21.
1814:military education
1789:
1756:
1698:Friends and family
1663:
1577:Spanish anarchists
1562:Georgie Anne Geyer
1553:The New York Times
1536:political ideology
1532:
1514:Political ideology
1484:British ambassador
1447:
1414:political prisoner
1372:Ruby Hart Phillips
1334:
1293:
1275:Huber Matos affair
1258:Dominican Republic
1182:
1154:"to liven up" the
1122:Initial activities
1099:ÂżVoy bien, Camilo?
1086:
1051:
980:Battle of Yaguajay
956:
875:
851:Santa Cruz del Sur
811:
693:
632:
556:, where they were
546:
451:immigrated to Cuba
447:Spanish anarchists
435:political ideology
393:operation, he was
387:Straits of Florida
368:commander-in-chief
356:Battle of Yaguajay
328:left-wing politics
324:Spanish anarchists
277:Battle of Yaguajay
166:Straits of Florida
84:Commander-in-chief
6616:
6615:
6536:
6535:
6523:Pedro Luis Boitel
6334:Camilo Cienfuegos
6113:Bio of Cienfuegos
6107:Camilo Cienfuegos
6105:Media related to
6064:Camilo Cienfuegos
6051:978-0-224-02268-2
5918:978-0-8078-3563-0
5800:978-0-8078-3001-7
5680:. New York City:
5636:Bonsal, Philip W.
5585:Anderson, Jon Lee
5501:978-3-0356-1644-6
5251:, pp. 58â59.
5123:, pp. 58â59.
5083:, pp. 88â89.
5071:, pp. 88â89.
4975:, pp. 42â43.
4752:, pp. 91â92.
4724:, pp. 90â91.
4620:, pp. 89â90.
4189:, pp. 85â86.
4015:, pp. 84â85.
3792:, pp. 73â74.
3720:, pp. 81â82.
3696:, pp. 78â79.
3435:GarcĂa-PĂ©rez 1998
3360:GarcĂa-PĂ©rez 1998
3328:GarcĂa-PĂ©rez 1998
3304:GarcĂa-PĂ©rez 1998
3224:GarcĂa-PĂ©rez 1998
3206:, p. 1020n4.
3184:GarcĂa-PĂ©rez 1998
2051:, p. 901n53.
1981:GarcĂa-PĂ©rez 1998
1952:, pp. 25â26.
1950:GarcĂa-PĂ©rez 1998
1887:, pp. 50â51.
1794:Camilo Cienfuegos
1728:Guerrilla Warfare
1708:Manuel Ray Rivero
1704:Osmany Cienfuegos
1570:Osmany Cienfuegos
1487:Leycester Coltman
1382:for the miracle.
1349:search and rescue
1156:wedding reception
1129:Osmany Cienfuegos
1036:President of Cuba
804:Fulgencio Batista
500:at a monument to
486:Fulgencio Batista
474:Osmany Cienfuegos
467:Spanish Civil War
391:search and rescue
332:Fulgencio Batista
293:
292:
201:Osmany Cienfuegos
176:Aviation accident
57:Camilo Cienfuegos
6758:
6696:Cuban guerrillas
6691:Cuban communists
6633:
6632:
6631:
6624:
6314:RamĂłn Castro Ruz
6279:Alfredo Abon Lee
6267:
6266:
6223:Operation Verano
6193:Moncada Barracks
6177:Cuban Revolution
6170:
6163:
6156:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6104:
6089:
6055:
6024:
6003:Harper & Row
5990:
5959:Quirk, Robert E.
5954:
5930:
5896:
5864:
5837:
5812:
5788:
5774:
5740:
5716:
5702:
5679:
5670:Bourne, Peter G.
5665:
5631:
5618:The Che Handbook
5612:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5551:
5545:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5483:
5477:
5471:
5465:
5459:
5453:
5447:
5441:
5435:
5429:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5370:
5364:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5298:
5292:
5286:
5280:
5274:
5268:
5258:
5252:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5212:
5206:
5200:
5194:
5180:
5174:
5168:
5159:
5153:
5144:
5130:
5124:
5110:
5104:
5090:
5084:
5078:
5072:
5058:
5052:
5038:
5032:
5022:
5016:
5002:
4996:
4982:
4976:
4970:
4964:
4958:
4952:
4942:
4936:
4926:
4920:
4914:
4908:
4902:
4896:
4886:
4880:
4874:
4868:
4862:
4856:
4842:
4836:
4830:
4824:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4778:
4765:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4741:
4731:
4725:
4719:
4713:
4703:
4697:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4651:
4645:
4627:
4621:
4615:
4606:
4592:
4586:
4572:
4566:
4560:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4511:
4505:
4499:
4484:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4449:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4418:
4404:
4398:
4388:
4382:
4372:
4366:
4348:
4342:
4308:
4302:
4288:
4282:
4268:
4262:
4236:
4230:
4212:
4206:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4131:
4125:
4116:
4098:
4092:
4078:
4072:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3870:
3864:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3631:
3625:
3607:
3601:
3579:
3573:
3555:
3549:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3371:
3349:
3343:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3145:
3139:
3125:
3119:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2937:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2839:
2833:
2819:
2813:
2803:
2797:
2783:
2777:
2767:
2761:
2735:
2729:
2719:
2713:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2667:
2661:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2623:
2617:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2190:, p. 996n2.
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2038:
2032:
2022:
2016:
2006:
2000:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1926:
1920:
1911:
1897:
1888:
1882:
1848:Santiago Cabrera
1774:building on the
1773:
1753:
1716:Council of State
1610:Cuban Revolution
1604:
1591:Leadership style
1522:Mural depicting
1493:Finance Minister
1476:Earl E. T. Smith
1418:collective guilt
1380:Jude the Apostle
1305:Osvaldo DorticĂłs
1247:José Rego Rubido
1211:
1208:
1207:the Bearded Ones
1205:
1202:
1199:
1112:
1107:Vas bien, Fidel!
1104:
928:president-elect
815:Operation Verano
808:Operation Verano
613:prisoners of war
566:
510:worked illegally
313:Cuban Revolution
306:
301:
267:Operation Verano
257:Cuban Revolution
220:Military service
149:
147:
131:Personal details
117:
98:
72:
67:
53:
52:
6766:
6765:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6629:
6627:
6619:
6617:
6612:
6591:
6532:
6506:
6478:
6455:
6448:
6409:Enrique Oltuski
6369:Melba HernĂĄndez
6309:Orlando Borrego
6284:Ricardo AlarcĂłn
6262:
6256:
6252:Battle of Guisa
6179:
6174:
6140:
6134:Wayback Machine
6122:History of Cuba
6097:
6092:
6078:
6060:Franqui, Carlos
6052:
6038:Franqui, Carlos
6032:
6030:Further reading
6027:
6013:
5979:
5919:
5901:Guerra, Lillian
5885:
5853:
5834:
5824:Tucson, Arizona
5801:
5763:
5729:
5691:
5654:
5628:
5601:
5593:. Grove Press.
5579:
5574:
5564:
5562:
5552:
5548:
5540:
5536:
5526:
5524:
5513:
5509:
5502:
5484:
5480:
5472:
5468:
5460:
5456:
5448:
5444:
5436:
5432:
5428:, p. 1333.
5424:
5420:
5405:
5401:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5371:
5367:
5363:, p. 1462.
5359:, p. 496;
5355:
5351:
5341:
5339:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5313:
5311:
5308:Miami New Times
5299:
5295:
5287:
5283:
5275:
5271:
5263:, p. 453;
5259:
5255:
5247:, p. 308;
5243:, p. 108;
5239:
5235:
5225:
5223:
5220:Tampa Bay Times
5214:
5213:
5209:
5201:
5197:
5185:, p. 451;
5181:
5177:
5169:
5162:
5154:
5147:
5135:, p. 451;
5131:
5127:
5115:, p. 451;
5111:
5107:
5095:, p. 451;
5091:
5087:
5079:
5075:
5067:, p. 216;
5059:
5055:
5051:, p. 1247.
5047:, p. 216;
5043:, p. 107;
5039:
5035:
5027:, p. 451;
5023:
5019:
5011:, p. 107;
5007:, p. 451;
5003:
4999:
4995:, p. 1247.
4991:, p. 272;
4987:, p. 191;
4983:
4979:
4971:
4967:
4959:
4955:
4951:, p. 1050.
4947:, p. 163;
4943:
4939:
4931:, p. 107;
4927:
4923:
4915:
4911:
4903:
4899:
4895:, p. 1050.
4887:
4883:
4875:
4871:
4867:, p. 1247.
4863:
4859:
4855:, p. 1248.
4851:, p. 191;
4847:, p. 107;
4843:
4839:
4831:
4827:
4815:
4811:
4803:
4799:
4791:
4787:
4783:, p. 1050.
4779:
4768:
4760:
4756:
4748:
4744:
4740:, p. 1248.
4732:
4728:
4720:
4716:
4708:, p. 451;
4704:
4700:
4696:, p. 1248.
4688:
4684:
4680:, p. 1248.
4676:
4672:
4668:, p. 1248.
4656:, p. 451;
4652:
4648:
4644:, p. 1248.
4640:, p. 272;
4636:, p. 217;
4628:
4624:
4616:
4609:
4597:, p. 217;
4593:
4589:
4585:, p. 1248.
4577:, p. 217;
4573:
4569:
4561:
4552:
4544:
4540:
4536:, p. 1275.
4532:
4528:
4512:
4508:
4500:
4487:
4479:, p. 217;
4475:
4471:
4463:
4452:
4444:, p. 107;
4440:
4436:
4428:
4421:
4405:
4401:
4389:
4385:
4377:, p. 217;
4373:
4369:
4365:, p. 1247.
4361:, p. 272;
4353:, p. 451;
4349:
4345:
4341:, p. 1247.
4329:, p. 217;
4317:, p. 191;
4309:
4305:
4297:, p. 191;
4293:, p. 450;
4289:
4285:
4281:, p. 1245.
4269:
4265:
4261:, p. 1245.
4253:, p. 150;
4245:, p. 103;
4237:
4233:
4217:, p. 449;
4213:
4209:
4201:, p. 449;
4197:
4193:
4185:
4181:
4169:, p. 215;
4165:, p. 149;
4161:, p. 163;
4157:, p. 103;
4153:
4149:
4141:
4134:
4126:
4119:
4103:, p. 449;
4099:
4095:
4087:, p. 163;
4083:, p. 449;
4079:
4075:
4059:, p. 449;
4055:
4051:
4043:
4039:
4035:, p. 1198.
4027:, p. 449;
4023:
4019:
4011:
4007:
3991:
3987:
3979:
3975:
3967:
3963:
3955:
3951:
3943:, p. 188;
3939:
3935:
3931:, p. 1241.
3927:
3923:
3915:
3911:
3899:
3895:
3887:
3883:
3871:
3867:
3859:, p. 385;
3855:
3851:
3843:
3836:
3828:
3824:
3812:
3808:
3800:
3796:
3788:
3784:
3776:
3772:
3764:
3760:
3752:
3748:
3740:
3736:
3728:
3724:
3716:
3712:
3704:
3700:
3692:
3688:
3684:, p. 1079.
3680:
3676:
3672:, p. 1079.
3664:
3660:
3652:
3648:
3632:
3628:
3620:, p. 187;
3608:
3604:
3588:, p. 143;
3584:, p. 381;
3580:
3576:
3572:, p. 1033.
3568:, p. 217;
3560:, p. 379;
3556:
3552:
3548:, p. 1033.
3544:, p. 217;
3540:, p. 379;
3536:
3532:
3524:
3520:
3512:
3508:
3500:, p. 140;
3496:
3492:
3484:
3477:
3473:, p. 1032.
3469:
3465:
3461:, p. 1032.
3453:, p. 140;
3449:, p. 376;
3445:
3441:
3433:
3429:
3417:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3389:
3381:
3374:
3362:, p. 106;
3358:, p. 138;
3350:
3346:
3338:, p. 215;
3330:, p. 106;
3326:, p. 138;
3322:, p. 162;
3314:
3310:
3302:
3298:
3286:, p. 138;
3274:
3270:
3262:
3258:
3250:, p. 363;
3246:
3242:
3238:, p. 1042.
3234:
3230:
3218:, p. 365;
3214:
3210:
3202:
3198:
3194:, p. 1020.
3190:, p. 200;
3178:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3158:, p. 1020.
3154:, p. 200;
3146:
3142:
3138:, p. 1020.
3134:, p. 158;
3130:, p. 360;
3126:
3122:
3118:, p. 1020.
3114:, p. 158;
3106:
3102:
3094:
3090:
3086:, p. 1015.
3082:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3054:
3050:, p. 1014.
3046:
3042:
3038:, p. 1013.
3034:, p. 158;
3030:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3010:, p. 1013.
3002:
2998:
2994:, p. 1013.
2990:
2983:
2975:
2971:
2967:, p. 1012.
2959:
2955:
2951:, p. 1012.
2947:
2940:
2936:, p. 1012.
2932:, p. 158;
2928:
2924:
2916:
2912:
2904:
2900:
2892:
2888:
2880:
2876:
2872:, p. 1008.
2868:
2864:
2856:
2852:
2848:, p. 1008.
2844:, p. 337;
2840:
2836:
2832:, p. 1005.
2828:, p. 156;
2824:, p. 336;
2820:
2816:
2812:, p. 1005.
2808:, p. 336;
2804:
2800:
2796:, p. 1005.
2788:, p. 336;
2784:
2780:
2772:, p. 156;
2768:
2764:
2756:, p. 193;
2752:, p. 127;
2748:, p. 135;
2736:
2732:
2724:, p. 127;
2720:
2716:
2712:, p. 1005.
2704:, p. 135;
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:, p. 185;
2672:, p. 324;
2668:
2664:
2656:, p. 324;
2652:
2648:
2640:
2636:
2624:
2620:
2612:, p. 324;
2608:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2488:, p. 305;
2484:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2424:, p. 303;
2420:
2416:
2408:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2130:, p. 1043.
2126:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2099:, p. 145;
2095:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2047:, p. 123;
2043:, p. 137;
2039:
2035:
2027:, p. 125;
2023:
2019:
2007:
2003:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1929:
1921:
1914:
1910:, p. 1050.
1898:
1891:
1883:
1872:
1868:
1856:
1838:
1836:Popular culture
1767:
1761:Vas bien, Fidel
1747:
1737:
1700:
1644:
1639:
1606:
1602:
1593:
1516:
1508:Robinson Crusoe
1469:Robert E. Quirk
1439:
1434:
1416:" and assuming
1322:
1277:
1262:Rafael Trujillo
1223:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1135:. According to
1124:
1119:
996:
891:Enrique Oltuski
827:
784:military school
761:Rafael Trujillo
710:
687:Exhibit at the
621:
601:agrarian reform
560:
535:
530:
457:, working with
443:
299:
187:Political party
164:
151:
150:6 February 1932
145:
143:
142:
141:
115:
99:
94:
74:
58:
51:
30:
19:
12:
11:
5:
6764:
6754:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6711:Cuban soldiers
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6638:
6637:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6605:
6599:
6597:
6593:
6592:
6590:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6544:
6542:
6538:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6514:
6512:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6488:
6486:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6460:
6458:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6354:Carlos Franqui
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6275:
6273:
6264:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6254:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6230:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6189:
6187:
6181:
6180:
6173:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6150:
6144:
6143:
6124:
6115:
6110:
6096:
6095:External links
6093:
6091:
6090:
6076:
6066:(in Spanish).
6056:
6050:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6011:
5991:
5977:
5955:
5931:
5917:
5897:
5883:
5865:
5851:
5838:
5832:
5813:
5799:
5779:Farber, Samuel
5775:
5761:
5741:
5727:
5703:
5689:
5666:
5652:
5632:
5626:
5613:
5599:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5560:New York Times
5546:
5544:, p. 149.
5534:
5507:
5500:
5478:
5476:, p. 352.
5474:DomĂnguez 1978
5466:
5462:DomĂnguez 1978
5454:
5452:, p. 351.
5450:DomĂnguez 1978
5442:
5430:
5418:
5411:(in Spanish).
5399:
5385:
5365:
5349:
5321:
5293:
5291:, p. 470.
5281:
5277:DomĂnguez 1978
5269:
5267:, p. 108.
5253:
5245:DomĂnguez 1978
5233:
5207:
5205:, p. 272.
5195:
5193:, p. 272.
5175:
5173:, p. 451.
5160:
5145:
5143:, p. 272.
5125:
5105:
5085:
5073:
5053:
5033:
5031:, p. 217.
5017:
4997:
4977:
4965:
4953:
4937:
4921:
4919:, p. 132.
4909:
4897:
4891:, p. 89;
4881:
4869:
4857:
4837:
4835:, p. 216.
4825:
4819:, p. 58;
4809:
4807:, p. 140.
4797:
4785:
4766:
4764:, p. 103.
4754:
4742:
4726:
4714:
4712:, p. 108.
4698:
4682:
4670:
4664:, p. 89;
4660:, p. 51;
4646:
4622:
4607:
4587:
4581:, p. 89;
4567:
4550:
4538:
4526:
4506:
4504:, p. 217.
4485:
4469:
4467:, p. 107.
4450:
4448:, p. 272.
4434:
4419:
4413:, p. 89;
4399:
4383:
4367:
4343:
4325:, p. 51;
4303:
4283:
4263:
4231:
4207:
4205:, p. 266.
4191:
4179:
4177:, p. 266.
4147:
4145:, p. 216.
4132:
4117:
4093:
4091:, p. 265.
4073:
4049:
4037:
4031:, p. 85;
4017:
4005:
3985:
3973:
3971:, p. 223.
3961:
3949:
3947:, p. 222.
3933:
3921:
3909:
3893:
3881:
3865:
3849:
3847:, p. 245.
3834:
3822:
3816:, p. 96;
3806:
3794:
3782:
3780:, p. 425.
3770:
3758:
3756:, p. 424.
3746:
3744:, p. 403.
3734:
3732:, p. 384.
3722:
3710:
3698:
3686:
3674:
3668:, p. 78;
3658:
3646:
3644:, p. 221.
3626:
3624:, p. 221.
3602:
3574:
3550:
3530:
3528:, p. 376.
3518:
3506:
3490:
3475:
3463:
3439:
3437:, p. 107.
3427:
3411:
3399:
3387:
3385:, p. 379.
3372:
3344:
3308:
3306:, p. 106.
3296:
3268:
3266:, p. 363.
3256:
3254:, p. 211.
3240:
3228:
3226:, p. 104.
3208:
3196:
3172:
3170:, p. 365.
3160:
3140:
3120:
3100:
3098:, p. 360.
3088:
3076:
3074:, p. 351.
3064:
3062:, p. 348.
3052:
3040:
3024:
3012:
2996:
2981:
2969:
2953:
2938:
2922:
2910:
2898:
2886:
2884:, p. 193.
2874:
2862:
2860:, p. 337.
2850:
2834:
2814:
2798:
2778:
2776:, p. 127.
2774:DomĂnguez 1978
2762:
2760:, p. 194.
2750:DomĂnguez 1978
2730:
2728:, p. 193.
2722:DomĂnguez 1978
2714:
2694:
2682:
2662:
2646:
2644:, p. 996.
2634:
2632:, p. 996.
2618:
2616:, p. 996.
2602:
2600:, p. 317.
2590:
2588:, p. 316.
2578:
2566:
2554:
2552:, p. 314.
2542:
2530:
2528:, p. 313.
2518:
2506:
2494:
2492:, p. 171.
2478:
2476:, p. 305.
2466:
2454:
2452:, p. 304.
2442:
2430:
2414:
2412:, p. 303.
2399:
2397:, p. 291.
2387:
2375:
2373:, p. 290.
2363:
2351:
2349:, p. 289.
2339:
2327:
2315:
2303:
2301:, p. 286.
2291:
2289:, p. 285.
2279:
2277:, p. 284.
2267:
2252:
2250:, p. 283.
2240:
2228:
2226:, p. 282.
2216:
2204:
2202:, p. 939.
2192:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2144:
2132:
2117:
2105:
2089:
2087:, p. 934.
2077:
2065:
2053:
2033:
2017:
2001:
1985:
1973:
1954:
1942:
1927:
1923:FernĂĄndez 2001
1912:
1906:, p. 58;
1902:, p. 80;
1900:FernĂĄndez 2001
1889:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1852:
1837:
1834:
1736:
1733:
1699:
1696:
1671:Carlos Franqui
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1566:anti-communist
1515:
1512:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1321:
1318:
1276:
1273:
1243:chief of staff
1222:
1219:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1063:Manuel Urrutia
1055:general strike
1039:Manuel Urrutia
1016:Carlos Franqui
995:
992:
906:Armando Acosta
826:
823:
741:general strike
709:
706:
669:mock execution
657:devil-may-care
620:
617:
605:Marxist theory
554:Sierra Maestra
534:
531:
529:
526:
482:anti-communist
442:
439:
427:anti-communist
415:Order of Merit
291:
290:
287:
286:
285:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
254:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
234:
233:Branch/service
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
217:
216:
211:
205:
204:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
173:
169:
168:
161:
157:
156:
139:
137:
133:
132:
128:
127:
124:
123:
118:
116:Prime Minister
112:
111:
109:Manuel Urrutia
106:
102:
101:
91:
90:
80:
79:
76:
75:
68:
60:
59:
56:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6763:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6636:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6609:
6608:Radio Rebelde
6606:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6594:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6581:
6578:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6549:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6539:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6518:RamĂłn BarquĂn
6516:
6515:
6513:
6509:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6451:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6439:Ramiro Valdés
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6429:Celia SĂĄnchez
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6419:Jorge Risquet
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6404:Arnaldo Ochoa
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6374:Mario Llerena
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6299:Gustavo Arcos
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6268:
6265:
6261:Organizations
6259:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6182:
6178:
6171:
6166:
6164:
6159:
6157:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6139:
6138:Radio Rebelde
6135:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6108:
6103:
6099:
6098:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6077:9788432208614
6073:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6012:0-06-014259-6
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5978:0-393-03485-2
5974:
5970:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5884:0-316-30893-5
5880:
5876:
5875:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5852:1-55587-611-0
5848:
5844:
5839:
5835:
5833:1-884365-19-1
5829:
5825:
5821:
5820:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5796:
5792:
5787:
5786:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5762:0-674-17925-0
5758:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5728:0-300-10188-0
5724:
5720:
5715:
5714:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5690:0-396-08518-0
5686:
5683:
5678:
5677:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5653:0-8229-3225-3
5649:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5627:0-312-32246-1
5623:
5619:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5600:0-8021-3558-7
5596:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5582:
5581:
5561:
5557:
5550:
5543:
5538:
5522:
5518:
5511:
5503:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5470:
5463:
5458:
5451:
5446:
5439:
5434:
5427:
5422:
5414:
5410:
5403:
5388:
5386:9781741049299
5382:
5378:
5377:
5369:
5362:
5358:
5357:Anderson 1997
5353:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5325:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5289:Anderson 1997
5285:
5278:
5273:
5266:
5262:
5261:Anderson 1997
5257:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5237:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5204:
5199:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5183:Anderson 1997
5179:
5172:
5171:Anderson 1997
5167:
5165:
5157:
5152:
5150:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5133:Anderson 1997
5129:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5113:Anderson 1997
5109:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5093:Anderson 1997
5089:
5082:
5077:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5057:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5030:
5026:
5025:Anderson 1997
5021:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5005:Anderson 1997
5001:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4981:
4974:
4969:
4962:
4957:
4950:
4946:
4941:
4935:, p. 51.
4934:
4930:
4925:
4918:
4913:
4906:
4901:
4894:
4890:
4885:
4879:, p. 62.
4878:
4873:
4866:
4861:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4841:
4834:
4829:
4822:
4818:
4813:
4806:
4801:
4794:
4789:
4782:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4763:
4758:
4751:
4746:
4739:
4735:
4730:
4723:
4718:
4711:
4707:
4706:Anderson 1997
4702:
4695:
4691:
4686:
4679:
4674:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4654:Anderson 1997
4650:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4630:Anderson 1997
4626:
4619:
4614:
4612:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4591:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4571:
4564:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4547:
4542:
4535:
4530:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4503:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4482:
4478:
4473:
4466:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4447:
4443:
4438:
4432:, p. 89.
4431:
4426:
4424:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4407:Anderson 1997
4403:
4396:
4392:
4387:
4381:, p. 89.
4380:
4376:
4371:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4351:Anderson 1997
4347:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4311:Anderson 1997
4307:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4291:Anderson 1997
4287:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4271:Anderson 1997
4267:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4239:Anderson 1997
4235:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4215:Anderson 1997
4211:
4204:
4200:
4199:Anderson 1997
4195:
4188:
4183:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4151:
4144:
4139:
4137:
4130:, p. 86.
4129:
4124:
4122:
4115:, p. 86.
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4101:Anderson 1997
4097:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4081:Anderson 1997
4077:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4057:Anderson 1997
4053:
4047:, p. 85.
4046:
4041:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4025:Anderson 1997
4021:
4014:
4009:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3983:, p. 84.
3982:
3977:
3970:
3965:
3958:
3953:
3946:
3942:
3937:
3930:
3925:
3918:
3913:
3906:
3902:
3901:Anderson 1997
3897:
3890:
3885:
3878:
3874:
3873:Anderson 1997
3869:
3862:
3858:
3857:Anderson 1997
3853:
3846:
3841:
3839:
3832:, p. 96.
3831:
3826:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3804:, p. 73.
3803:
3798:
3791:
3786:
3779:
3778:Anderson 1997
3774:
3767:
3766:Anderson 1997
3762:
3755:
3754:Anderson 1997
3750:
3743:
3742:Anderson 1997
3738:
3731:
3730:Anderson 1997
3726:
3719:
3714:
3708:, p. 81.
3707:
3702:
3695:
3690:
3683:
3678:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3656:, p. 78.
3655:
3650:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3582:Anderson 1997
3578:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3558:Anderson 1997
3554:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3538:Anderson 1997
3534:
3527:
3526:Anderson 1997
3522:
3516:, p. 41.
3515:
3510:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3472:
3467:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3447:Anderson 1997
3443:
3436:
3431:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3408:
3403:
3396:
3391:
3384:
3383:Anderson 1997
3379:
3377:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3352:Anderson 1997
3348:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3316:Anderson 1997
3312:
3305:
3300:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3276:Anderson 1997
3272:
3265:
3264:Anderson 1997
3260:
3253:
3249:
3248:Anderson 1997
3244:
3237:
3232:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3216:Anderson 1997
3212:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3180:Anderson 1997
3176:
3169:
3168:Anderson 1997
3164:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3148:Anderson 1997
3144:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3128:Anderson 1997
3124:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3108:Anderson 1997
3104:
3097:
3096:Anderson 1997
3092:
3085:
3080:
3073:
3072:Anderson 1997
3068:
3061:
3060:Anderson 1997
3056:
3049:
3044:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3021:
3020:Anderson 1997
3016:
3009:
3005:
3004:Anderson 1997
3000:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2978:
2973:
2966:
2962:
2961:Anderson 1997
2957:
2950:
2945:
2943:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2919:
2914:
2907:
2902:
2895:
2890:
2883:
2878:
2871:
2866:
2859:
2858:Anderson 1997
2854:
2847:
2843:
2842:Anderson 1997
2838:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2822:Anderson 1997
2818:
2811:
2807:
2806:Anderson 1997
2802:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2786:Anderson 1997
2782:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:Anderson 1997
2734:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2691:
2686:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2670:Anderson 1997
2666:
2659:
2655:
2654:Anderson 1997
2650:
2643:
2638:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2615:
2611:
2610:Anderson 1997
2606:
2599:
2598:Anderson 1997
2594:
2587:
2586:Anderson 1997
2582:
2575:
2574:Anderson 1997
2570:
2563:
2562:Anderson 1997
2558:
2551:
2550:Anderson 1997
2546:
2539:
2538:Anderson 1997
2534:
2527:
2526:Anderson 1997
2522:
2515:
2514:Anderson 1997
2510:
2503:
2502:Anderson 1997
2498:
2491:
2487:
2486:Anderson 1997
2482:
2475:
2474:Anderson 1997
2470:
2463:
2462:Anderson 1997
2458:
2451:
2450:Anderson 1997
2446:
2439:
2438:Anderson 1997
2434:
2427:
2423:
2422:Anderson 1997
2418:
2411:
2410:Anderson 1997
2406:
2404:
2396:
2395:Anderson 1997
2391:
2384:
2383:Anderson 1997
2379:
2372:
2371:Anderson 1997
2367:
2360:
2359:Anderson 1997
2355:
2348:
2347:Anderson 1997
2343:
2336:
2335:Anderson 1997
2331:
2324:
2323:Anderson 1997
2319:
2312:
2311:Anderson 1997
2307:
2300:
2299:Anderson 1997
2295:
2288:
2287:Anderson 1997
2283:
2276:
2275:Anderson 1997
2271:
2264:
2263:Anderson 1997
2259:
2257:
2249:
2248:Anderson 1997
2244:
2237:
2236:Anderson 1997
2232:
2225:
2224:Anderson 1997
2220:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2141:
2136:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1983:, p. 26.
1982:
1977:
1971:, p. 51.
1970:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1946:
1940:, p. 58.
1939:
1934:
1932:
1925:, p. 80.
1924:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1870:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1625:authoritarian
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1603:â Che Guevara
1599:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1460:joie de vivre
1456:
1452:
1451:Samuel Farber
1443:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1410:strike action
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1391:presumed dead
1388:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1342:Caribbean Sea
1339:
1331:
1326:
1320:Disappearance
1317:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1272:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1231:Ramiro Valdés
1228:
1218:
1215:
1214:Philip Bonsal
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1114:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:RamĂłn BarquĂn
1009:
1008:Camp Columbia
1005:
1001:
991:
988:
987:coup de grĂące
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
954:
949:
945:
943:
939:
933:
931:
926:
922:
917:
915:
914:Antonio Maceo
911:
907:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
872:
868:
864:
859:
854:
852:
848:
842:
840:
839:Pinar del RĂo
836:
832:
822:
820:
816:
809:
805:
801:
796:
794:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:strike action
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
705:
701:
697:
690:
685:
681:
679:
674:
670:
666:
665:Chinese Cuban
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
642:
641:Lalo Sardiñas
638:
629:
625:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:Pico Turquino
593:
591:
586:
582:
578:
573:
570:
564:
559:
555:
551:
544:
539:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
506:United States
503:
502:Antonio Maceo
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:presumed dead
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
309:revolutionary
305:
297:
288:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
258:
255:
251:
248:
245:
241:
238:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
215:
212:
210:
206:
202:
199:
195:
192:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:
170:
167:
162:
158:
154:
138:
134:
129:
125:
122:
119:
113:
110:
107:
103:
97:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
66:
61:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
28:
24:
16:
6469:Faure ChomĂłn
6364:Armando Hart
6333:
6319:Fidel Castro
6141:(in Spanish)
6121:
6063:
6041:
6001:. New York:
5998:
5995:Thomas, Hugh
5964:Fidel Castro
5963:
5938:
5904:
5873:
5842:
5818:
5784:
5748:
5712:
5675:
5639:
5617:
5589:
5577:Bibliography
5563:. Retrieved
5559:
5549:
5537:
5525:. Retrieved
5523:(in Russian)
5521:Geraldika.ru
5520:
5510:
5487:
5481:
5469:
5457:
5445:
5433:
5421:
5408:
5402:
5392:15 September
5390:. Retrieved
5375:
5368:
5352:
5340:. Retrieved
5333:
5324:
5312:. Retrieved
5306:
5296:
5284:
5272:
5256:
5236:
5224:. Retrieved
5219:
5210:
5198:
5187:Coltman 2003
5178:
5128:
5117:Coltman 2003
5108:
5097:Coltman 2003
5088:
5076:
5061:Coltman 2003
5056:
5036:
5020:
5013:Coltman 2003
5000:
4980:
4968:
4956:
4940:
4924:
4912:
4900:
4884:
4872:
4860:
4840:
4828:
4812:
4805:Coltman 2003
4800:
4788:
4757:
4745:
4729:
4717:
4701:
4685:
4673:
4649:
4625:
4590:
4570:
4541:
4529:
4509:
4472:
4437:
4402:
4386:
4370:
4355:Coltman 2003
4346:
4319:Coltman 2003
4306:
4286:
4266:
4247:Coltman 2003
4234:
4210:
4194:
4182:
4159:Coltman 2003
4150:
4096:
4085:Coltman 2003
4076:
4052:
4040:
4020:
4008:
3988:
3976:
3964:
3952:
3936:
3924:
3912:
3896:
3884:
3868:
3861:Coltman 2003
3852:
3825:
3809:
3797:
3785:
3773:
3761:
3749:
3737:
3725:
3713:
3701:
3689:
3677:
3661:
3649:
3634:Coltman 2003
3629:
3610:Coltman 2003
3605:
3586:Coltman 2003
3577:
3562:Coltman 2003
3553:
3533:
3521:
3509:
3498:Coltman 2003
3493:
3466:
3451:Coltman 2003
3442:
3430:
3414:
3402:
3390:
3356:Coltman 2003
3347:
3324:Coltman 2003
3311:
3299:
3284:Coltman 2003
3271:
3259:
3243:
3231:
3211:
3199:
3175:
3163:
3143:
3123:
3103:
3091:
3079:
3067:
3055:
3043:
3027:
3015:
2999:
2972:
2956:
2925:
2913:
2901:
2889:
2877:
2865:
2853:
2837:
2817:
2801:
2781:
2765:
2746:Coltman 2003
2733:
2717:
2702:Coltman 2003
2697:
2685:
2665:
2649:
2637:
2621:
2605:
2593:
2581:
2569:
2557:
2545:
2533:
2521:
2509:
2497:
2481:
2469:
2457:
2445:
2433:
2417:
2390:
2378:
2366:
2354:
2342:
2330:
2318:
2306:
2294:
2282:
2270:
2243:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2183:
2171:
2159:
2147:
2135:
2108:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2056:
2036:
2020:
2004:
1988:
1976:
1945:
1841:
1839:
1823:
1806:
1790:
1760:
1757:
1726:
1724:
1701:
1680:
1676:
1664:
1645:
1622:
1607:
1601:
1596:
1574:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1533:
1503:
1491:
1473:
1458:
1448:
1422:Prensa Libre
1421:
1395:
1384:
1369:
1358:
1346:
1335:
1309:
1294:
1278:
1266:
1255:
1239:
1224:
1183:
1164:Bandung Pact
1148:Aleida March
1141:
1125:
1109:" (English:
1106:
1101:" (English:
1098:
1095:Faure ChomĂłn
1087:
1071:
1052:
1021:
997:
984:
957:
934:
918:
903:
876:
861:
856:
843:
828:
812:
792:
789:
769:
757:death squads
749:trade unions
726:
714:Juan Almeida
711:
702:
698:
694:
646:
635:conduct and
633:
594:
574:
547:
518:Fidel Castro
471:
444:
419:
376:
321:
317:Fidel Castro
295:
294:
253:Battles/wars
121:Fidel Castro
95:
47:
43:
36:Spanish name
31:
15:
6661:1959 deaths
6651:1932 births
6603:Escopeteros
6553:Cuban exile
6528:Rafael Cruz
6456:Estuciantil
6394:Huber Matos
6359:Che Guevara
6349:Vilma EspĂn
6324:RaĂșl Castro
6304:Bob Baldock
5542:Guerra 2012
5438:Thomas 1970
5426:Thomas 1970
5361:Thomas 1970
5265:Bonsal 1971
5241:Bonsal 1971
5081:Guerra 2012
5069:Guerra 2012
5049:Thomas 1970
5041:Bonsal 1971
5009:Bonsal 1971
4993:Thomas 1970
4985:Bourne 1986
4973:Farber 2006
4961:Thomas 1970
4949:Thomas 1970
4945:Farber 2006
4933:Farber 2006
4929:Bonsal 1971
4905:Thomas 1970
4893:Thomas 1970
4889:Guerra 2012
4877:Farber 2006
4865:Thomas 1970
4853:Thomas 1970
4849:Bourne 1986
4845:Bonsal 1971
4821:Thomas 1970
4781:Thomas 1970
4762:Guerra 2012
4750:Guerra 2012
4738:Thomas 1970
4734:Guerra 2012
4722:Guerra 2012
4710:Bonsal 1971
4694:Thomas 1970
4678:Thomas 1970
4666:Thomas 1970
4662:Guerra 2012
4658:Farber 2006
4642:Thomas 1970
4618:Guerra 2012
4603:Thomas 1970
4599:Guerra 2012
4583:Thomas 1970
4579:Guerra 2012
4563:Thomas 1970
4546:Thomas 1970
4534:Thomas 1970
4522:Thomas 1970
4465:Bonsal 1971
4442:Bonsal 1971
4430:Guerra 2012
4411:Guerra 2012
4395:Thomas 1970
4379:Guerra 2012
4363:Thomas 1970
4339:Thomas 1970
4331:Guerra 2012
4323:Farber 2006
4315:Bourne 1986
4295:Bourne 1986
4279:Thomas 1970
4259:Thomas 1970
4243:Bonsal 1971
4219:Bonsal 1971
4187:Guerra 2012
4171:Guerra 2012
4155:Bonsal 1971
4128:Guerra 2012
4113:Guerra 2012
4105:Bonsal 1971
4065:Guerra 2012
4061:Bonsal 1971
4045:Guerra 2012
4033:Thomas 1970
4029:Guerra 2012
4013:Guerra 2012
3997:Guerra 2012
3993:Bonsal 1971
3981:Guerra 2012
3941:Bourne 1986
3929:Thomas 1970
3917:Thomas 1970
3905:Thomas 1970
3889:Thomas 1970
3877:Thomas 1970
3830:Bonsal 1971
3814:Bonsal 1971
3802:Guerra 2012
3790:Guerra 2012
3718:Guerra 2012
3706:Guerra 2012
3694:Guerra 2012
3682:Thomas 1970
3670:Thomas 1970
3666:Guerra 2012
3654:Guerra 2012
3598:Thomas 1970
3570:Thomas 1970
3546:Thomas 1970
3514:Guerra 2012
3502:Thomas 1970
3486:Thomas 1970
3471:Thomas 1970
3459:Thomas 1970
3423:Thomas 1970
3407:Thomas 1970
3395:Thomas 1970
3368:Thomas 1970
3340:Thomas 1970
3320:Bourne 1986
3292:Thomas 1970
3280:Bourne 1986
3236:Thomas 1970
3220:Bourne 1986
3204:Thomas 1970
3192:Thomas 1970
3156:Thomas 1970
3136:Thomas 1970
3132:Bourne 1986
3116:Thomas 1970
3112:Bourne 1986
3084:Thomas 1970
3048:Thomas 1970
3036:Thomas 1970
3032:Bourne 1986
3008:Thomas 1970
2992:Thomas 1970
2977:Thomas 1970
2965:Thomas 1970
2949:Thomas 1970
2934:Thomas 1970
2930:Bourne 1986
2918:Thomas 1970
2906:Thomas 1970
2894:Thomas 1970
2870:Thomas 1970
2846:Thomas 1970
2830:Thomas 1970
2826:Bourne 1986
2810:Thomas 1970
2794:Thomas 1970
2790:Bourne 1986
2770:Bourne 1986
2742:Bourne 1986
2710:Thomas 1970
2690:Thomas 1970
2678:Thomas 1970
2658:Thomas 1970
2642:Thomas 1970
2630:Thomas 1970
2614:Thomas 1970
2212:Thomas 1970
2200:Thomas 1970
2188:Thomas 1970
2176:Thomas 1970
2164:Thomas 1970
2152:Thomas 1970
2140:Thomas 1970
2128:Thomas 1970
2113:Thomas 1970
2101:Thomas 1970
2097:Bourne 1986
2085:Thomas 1970
2073:Thomas 1970
2061:Thomas 1970
2049:Thomas 1970
2041:Bourne 1986
2029:Thomas 1970
2013:Thomas 1970
1997:Thomas 1970
1969:Farber 2006
1908:Thomas 1970
1885:Farber 2006
1768: [
1748: [
1667:RaĂșl Castro
1659:RaĂșl Castro
1618:RaĂșl Castro
1614:Che Guevara
1608:During the
1575:The son of
1556:journalist
1541:Che Guevara
1528:Che Guevara
1496:RaĂșl ChibĂĄs
1465:Hugh Thomas
1437:Personality
1282:Huber Matos
1217:contests."
1043:Che Guevara
871:Che Guevara
835:Che Guevara
718:RaĂșl Castro
637:Che Guevara
628:Che Guevara
577:Che Guevara
561: [
516:and joined
508:, where he
465:during the
463:Republicans
403:RaĂșl Castro
379:Huber Matos
348:Che Guevara
322:The son of
6645:Categories
6414:Frank PaĂs
6263:and people
5927:2012004090
5809:2005020671
5737:2003012942
5565:7 February
5203:Quirk 1993
5191:Quirk 1993
5156:Geyer 1991
5141:Quirk 1993
5101:Geyer 1991
5065:Geyer 1991
5045:Geyer 1991
5029:Geyer 1991
4989:Quirk 1993
4833:Quirk 1993
4793:Quirk 1993
4690:Quirk 1993
4638:Quirk 1993
4634:Geyer 1991
4595:Geyer 1991
4575:Geyer 1991
4518:Quirk 1993
4514:Geyer 1991
4502:Geyer 1991
4481:Quirk 1993
4477:Geyer 1991
4446:Quirk 1993
4415:Quirk 1993
4391:Quirk 1993
4375:Geyer 1991
4359:Quirk 1993
4335:Quirk 1993
4327:Geyer 1991
4299:Quirk 1993
4275:Quirk 1993
4255:Quirk 1993
4227:Quirk 1993
4223:Geyer 1991
4203:Quirk 1993
4175:Quirk 1993
4167:Geyer 1991
4143:Geyer 1991
4109:Geyer 1991
4089:Quirk 1993
4069:Quirk 1993
4001:Quirk 1993
3969:Geyer 1991
3957:Geyer 1991
3945:Geyer 1991
3845:Geyer 1991
3818:Quirk 1993
3642:Quirk 1993
3638:Geyer 1991
3622:Quirk 1993
3614:Geyer 1991
3594:Quirk 1993
3590:Geyer 1991
3566:Quirk 1993
3542:Quirk 1993
3455:Quirk 1993
3364:Quirk 1993
3336:Quirk 1993
3252:Quirk 1993
3188:Quirk 1993
3152:Quirk 1993
2882:Geyer 1991
2758:Quirk 1993
2754:Geyer 1991
2726:Geyer 1991
2706:Quirk 1993
2674:Quirk 1993
2626:Quirk 1993
2490:Quirk 1993
2426:Quirk 1993
2025:Quirk 1993
2009:Quirk 1993
1993:Quirk 1993
1866:References
1545:cubanĂsima
1398:show trial
1338:Cessna 310
1330:Cessna 310
1313:conspiracy
910:JosĂ© MartĂ
879:Las Villas
793:chicharrĂłn
776:Manzanillo
548:After the
490:art school
484:regime of
441:Early life
352:Las Villas
225:Allegiance
209:Alma mater
146:1932-02-06
44:Cienfuegos
6580:Guevarism
6086:793508802
6068:Barcelona
6021:70-108189
5662:72-151505
5527:24 August
5342:24 August
5314:24 August
1684:Ybor City
1581:anarchist
1558:Tad Szulc
1480:fleshpots
1432:Character
1361:publicity
1353:Catholics
1260:and oust
1144:nightlife
1075:birdcages
1000:La Cabaña
964:CabaiguĂĄn
919:When the
806:planning
795:, Camilo.
780:Las Tunas
745:total war
678:insurgent
581:companies
494:sculpture
492:to study
478:communist
431:anarchist
423:communist
203:(brother)
197:Relatives
105:President
96:In office
48:GorriarĂĄn
6185:Timeline
6130:Archived
6062:(2001).
6040:(1985).
5997:(1970).
5987:92-39300
5961:(1993).
5951:66-21126
5937:(1966).
5903:(2012).
5893:90-46379
5871:(1991).
5861:97-49997
5781:(2006).
5747:(1978).
5709:(2003).
5672:(1986).
5638:(1971).
5587:(1997).
1854:See also
1798:Yaguajay
1526:(left),
1455:baseball
1175:baseball
1059:en masse
1004:Matanzas
976:Yaguajay
972:Placetas
953:Yaguajay
942:materiel
895:Trinidad
885:and the
847:CamagĂŒey
585:vanguard
449:who had
383:CamagĂŒey
360:Matanzas
300:Spanish:
180:presumed
34:In this
6596:Related
5771:78-8288
5699:86-9039
5609:97-3993
5335:El PaĂs
5226:22 July
1802:diorama
1630:Masonic
1504:Bohemia
1301:treason
1201:
1014:. When
960:Fomento
938:Fomento
925:boycott
819:HolguĂn
722:Oriente
661:bandits
653:platoon
649:captain
567:by the
413:and an
86:of the
40:surname
6621:Portal
6541:Impact
6203:Granma
6084:
6074:
6048:
6019:
6009:
5985:
5975:
5949:
5925:
5915:
5891:
5881:
5859:
5849:
5830:
5807:
5797:
5769:
5759:
5735:
5725:
5697:
5687:
5660:
5650:
5624:
5607:
5597:
5498:
5413:Havana
5383:
1754:(2011)
1692:insane
1649:squall
1637:Legacy
1365:bandit
1179:Havana
1049:(1959)
1047:Havana
968:Guayos
772:Bayamo
673:rapist
514:Mexico
498:wreath
429:or an
364:Havana
155:, Cuba
153:Havana
6511:Other
1772:]
1752:]
1688:Tampa
1160:Egypt
1041:with
897:, in
743:and "
609:Uvero
590:major
565:]
425:, an
377:When
247:Major
73:1959)
6635:Cuba
6585:Foco
6082:OCLC
6072:ISBN
6046:ISBN
6017:LCCN
6007:ISBN
5983:LCCN
5973:ISBN
5947:LCCN
5923:LCCN
5913:ISBN
5889:LCCN
5879:ISBN
5857:LCCN
5847:ISBN
5828:ISBN
5805:LCCN
5795:ISBN
5767:LCCN
5757:ISBN
5733:LCCN
5723:ISBN
5695:LCCN
5685:ISBN
5658:LCCN
5648:ISBN
5622:ISBN
5605:LCCN
5595:ISBN
5567:2016
5529:2023
5496:ISBN
5394:2010
5381:ISBN
5344:2023
5316:2023
5228:2019
1828:, a
1616:and
1359:For
1198:lit.
966:and
912:and
778:and
716:and
362:and
243:Rank
228:Cuba
160:Died
136:Born
6120:at
5492:327
1843:Che
1686:in
1378:or
1177:in
1152:rum
520:'s
42:is
6647::
6080:.
6015:.
6005:.
5981:.
5971:.
5945:.
5941:.
5921:.
5911:.
5907:.
5887:.
5855:.
5803:.
5793:.
5789:.
5765:.
5755:.
5751:.
5731:.
5721:.
5693:.
5656:.
5646:.
5642:.
5603:.
5558:.
5494:.
5305:.
5218:.
5163:^
5148:^
4769:^
4610:^
4553:^
4488:^
4453:^
4422:^
4135:^
4120:^
3837:^
3478:^
3375:^
2984:^
2941:^
2402:^
2255:^
2120:^
1957:^
1930:^
1915:^
1892:^
1873:^
1850:.
1778:.
1770:es
1750:es
1722:.
1587:.
1428:.
1344:.
1328:A
1113:)
774:,
592:.
563:es
469:.
417:.
71:c.
6623::
6169:e
6162:t
6155:v
6088:.
6054:.
6023:.
5989:.
5953:.
5929:.
5895:.
5863:.
5836:.
5811:.
5773:.
5739:.
5701:.
5664:.
5630:.
5611:.
5569:.
5531:.
5504:.
5396:.
5346:.
5318:.
5230:.
1210:'
1204:'
1027:.
298:(
182:)
178:(
148:)
144:(
50:.
29:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
