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and 700 in the rest of the archipelago. Native mercenaries numbered around 6,000. By
January 1897, a total of 25,462 officers and men had arrived from Spain. Polavieja had an available force of over 12,000 men to suppress the rebels in Luzon alone. On February 13, 1897, he opened his first phase, the
448:
As soon as he took over, he implemented many policies to curb corruption and improve the bureaucracy. He began repression in the form of deportations accompanied by promises of pardons and trials, many of these ending in capital punishment. Under
Polavieja's direction, military operations began as
488:, circulars were distributed among the crowd bearing Rizal's last verses, his portrait, and the charge that Polavieja was responsible for the loss of the Philippines to the United States. Ramon Blanco later presented his sash and sword to the Rizal family as an apology.
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when he resigned, owing to disagreements with superiors in Madrid and his bad health. He did, however, disperse every major rebel contingent in Cavite. Around 4,000 rebels died in jails of Manila.
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When the
Philippine revolution broke out in August 1896, Polavieja was appointed second corporal and served as Blanco's second-in-command. However, his partnership with Blanco did not last long.
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He enlisted voluntarily in the
Navarro Regiment in 1855, where he distinguished himself in Africa. He received the Cross of Isabelle Maria Lucia for gallantry. He then took part in the
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Cavite campaign. Polavieja advanced against the revolutionaries with 16,000 men armed with
Spanish M93s, and one field battery. They were led by General
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inspired
Philippine insurgents to revolt as well. Being the last important colony under control of Spain, the Spanish government tried to contain the
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500:. He declared preparation for a neutral or third party but his manifesto was prohibited for publication. He died of hepatitis in 1914.
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538:"POLA VIEJA ISSUES A PROTEST.; Spanish General Likely to be the Head of a Neutral Party -- Old Parties Rotten, He Says"
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379:. Being one of the more competent administrators of the time, he resigned in 1892 as a protest against corruption of
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He was
Colonel of the Princess Regiment and promoted to brigadier general in 1876 before being sent to
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744:"Katipunan - The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War (Hispanic Division, Library of Congress)"
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general, born in a family of merchants. He was a competent commander, but considered as brutal as
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soon as reinforcements arrived, and they actively pursued the rebels in their mountain bases.
343:. In 1882, he returned to Spain and was made a member of the Supreme Council of War and Navy,
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notes that
Polavieja was installed with the help of powerful Spanish friars including the
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Polavieja faced condemnation by his countrymen after his return to Spain. While visiting
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of Cuba. He was one of the most relevant military officers of the time and a famous
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An unwanted war: the diplomacy of the United States and Spain over Cuba, 1895–1898
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Camilo García de
Polavieja y del Castillo-Negrete, 1st Marquess of Polavieja
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Spanish military personnel of the Third
Carlist War (Governmental faction)
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on December 30, 1896. Twenty four more people were executed with Rizal.
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Hacer las Américas. Las elites coloniales españolas en el siglo XIX
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to Blanco's second-in-command, lieutenant general Polavieja. The
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Bahamonde Magro, Ángel y Cayuela Fernández, José Gregorio,
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722:. The University of North Carolina Press. p. 320.
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339:. In Cuba, he was made Field Marshal and received the
383:, a well known politician for his corrupt practices,
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496:He went back to Spain and went on to influence the
351:, and Supreme Chief of the Infantry Inspectorate.
596:"Chronology of Spain in the Spanish–American War"
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477:Polavieja oversaw the court martial and death of
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31: and the second or maternal family name is
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461:, and many of the soldiers he led were from
425:The further spread of the insurgency in the
685:"True Version of the Philippine Revolution"
509:Portrayed by Tony Mabesa in the 1998 film,
452:By August 1896, there were 500 soldiers in
86:December 13, 1896 – April 15, 1897
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646:"Camilo de Polavieja: Rizal's executioner"
563:
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53:
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574:. Stanford University Press. p. 68.
571:Politics and the military in modern Spain
1537:indicates a member of the clergy of the
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294:(13 July 1838 – 15 January 1914) was a
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1594:19th-century Cuban military personnel
1289:Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre
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1599:People of the Philippine Revolution
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808:Governor General of the Philippines
429:led to the turnover of the post of
399:Governor General of the Philippines
74:Governor-General of the Philippines
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1042:Francisco de Montemayor y Mansilla
716:Offner, John L. (September 1992).
703:Philippine-American War, 1899-1902
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1394:Manuel Álvarez-Maldonado y Loriga
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626:"Sakop Español Sa Pilipinas - 5"
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138:August 24, 1890 – 1892
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1205:Mariano Fernández de Folgueras
1190:Mariano Fernández de Folgueras
1121:Marquis of Brindisi and Ovando
1070:Domingo Zabálburu de Echevarri
1023:Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz
709:
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662:
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403:The revolution in Cuba led by
1:
1200:José de Gardoqui y Jarabeitia
1002:Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera
904:Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa
519:
1604:People of the Ten Years' War
1284:Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri
1150:Francisco Javier de la Torre
411:under the administration of
391:. He was later known as the
389:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
23:, the first or paternal
7:
1180:Félix Berenguer de Marquina
1075:Martín de Urzua y Arismendi
10:
1640:
1304:Juan Antonio de Urbiztondo
1195:Manuel González de Aguilar
1012:Sabiniano Manrique de Lara
785:Camilo García de Polavieja
767:. Alianza Editorial, 1992.
568:Payne, Stanley G. (1967).
387:during the premiership of
359:In 1888, Polavieja became
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951:Count of Valle de Orizaba
934:Francisco Tello de Guzmán
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47:The Marquess of Polavieja
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1554:Real Audiencia of Manila
1504:Fernando Primo de Rivera
1439:Fernando Primo de Rivera
1419:Manuel Blanco Valderrama
1399:Carlos María de la Torre
1059:Alonso de Abella Fuertes
997:Juan Cerezo de Salamanca
945:Cristóbal Téllez Almazán
879:Viceroyalty of New Spain
491:
381:Francisco Romero Robledo
1379:Antonio Osorio y Mallén
1185:Rafael María de Aguilar
1132:Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta
1126:Pedro Manuel de Arandía
1065:Fausto Cruzat y Góngora
1053:Gabriel de Curucealegui
968:Alonso Fajardo de Tenza
889:Miguel López de Legazpi
341:Cross of Military Merit
174:Governor of Puerto Rico
1434:Rafael Rodríguez Arias
1093:Francisco de la Cuesta
1048:Juan de Vargas Hurtado
919:Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas
669:Joaquin, Nick (1990).
417:Marquess of Peña Plata
405:Antonio Maceo Grajales
1424:Marquis of San Rafael
1374:José Laureano de Sanz
1269:Pedro Antonio Salazar
1244:Juan Antonio Martínez
1104:Fernándo Valdés Tamón
929:Luis Pérez Dasmariñas
801:Ramón Blanco y Erenas
787:at Wikimedia Commons
409:Philippine Revolution
312:Early life and career
280:Philippine Revolution
107:Ramón Blanco y Erenas
1429:Marquis of Oroquieta
1299:Antonio María Blanco
939:Pedro Bravo de Acuña
687:. 23 September 1899.
644:Lucero, Todd Sales.
443:archbishop of Manila
385:minister of Overseas
355:Puerto Rico and Cuba
33:del Castillo-Negrete
1609:Spanish West Indies
1494:Camilo de Polavieja
1404:Rafael de Izquierdo
1344:Juan Herrera Dávila
1334:Fernándo Norzagaray
1274:Andrés García Camba
1115:Juan de Arechederra
1087:Fernando Bustamante
985:Juan Niño de Tabora
793:Government offices
601:Library of Congress
547:. September 8, 1898
498:Government of Spain
29:García de Polavieja
1389:José de la Gándara
1339:Ramón María Solano
1109:Gaspar de la Torre
899:Francisco de Sande
894:Guido de Lavezaris
673:. Vera-Reyes, Inc.
545:The New York Times
445:during that time.
43:The Most Excellent
1584:Governors of Cuba
1561:
1560:
1524:Diego de los Ríos
1499:José de Lachambre
1384:Joaquín del Solar
1364:Joaquín del Solar
1359:Rafael de Echague
1264:Joaquín de Crámer
1259:Gabriel de Torres
1155:José Antonio Raón
1099:Toribio de Cossío
980:Fernándo de Silva
974:Jeronimo de Silva
962:Andrés de Alcaraz
858:governors-general
824:
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818:José de Lachambre
815:Succeeded by
783:Media related to
729:978-0-8078-4380-2
671:Manila, My Manila
459:José de Lachambre
330:Third Carlist War
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272:Third Carlist War
119:José de Lachambre
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1574:Spanish generals
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1509:Basilio Augustín
1484:Federico Ochando
1479:Eulogio Despujol
1474:Valeriano Weyler
1469:Federico Lobaton
1449:Joaquín Jovellar
1409:Manuel MacCrohon
1294:Narciso Clavería
1249:Mariano Ricafort
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95:Alfonso XIII
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21:Spanish name
1619:1914 deaths
1614:1838 births
1349:José Lemery
1232:(1821–1898)
1139:Manuel Rojo
882:(1565–1821)
862:Philippines
748:www.loc.gov
427:Philippines
365:Puerto Rico
154:Preceded by
102:Preceded by
1568:Categories
1170:José Basco
876:Under the
812:1896–1897
655:2024-01-20
551:2009-09-01
520:References
512:José Rizal
479:José Rizal
437:historian
238:Allegiance
1544:Smallcaps
870:1565–1898
349:Andalusia
186:1888–1889
182:In office
134:In office
82:In office
856:Spanish
607:June 22,
463:Pampanga
435:Filipino
324:, where
19:In this
1552:of the
1535:Italics
860:of the
296:Spanish
218:, Spain
191:Monarch
143:Monarch
91:Monarch
25:surname
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486:Girona
467:Cavite
454:Manila
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216:Madrid
72:113th
61:Kaulak
1549:oidor
541:(PDF)
492:Death
326:Spain
724:ISBN
609:2011
576:ISBN
377:Cuba
337:Cuba
322:Cuba
256:Rank
223:Died
210:Born
375:of
371:as
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