Canadian content - Knowledge

670:), the CRTC requires that at least 30% of a group's revenue (which is aggregated across all of a group's television services, based on their individual revenue and historical expenditure mandates) must be spent on Canadian programming expenditures (CPEs). CPEs can be reallocated between a group's individual services, and up to 25% of CPEs for local stations can be allocated from a discretionary service. All services must also invest 5% of their revenue towards the production of "programs of national interest" (PNI), which include comedy, drama, long-form documentaries, children's programming, and qualifying awards presentations honouring Canadian creative talent. In 2017, the CRTC instituted a further requirement that 75% of the PNI expenditure must fund productions by independent companies. The CRTC also added credits on CPE for the involvement of producers from 693:, a regulation that allows over-the-air broadcasters to require the substitution of feeds from American broadcast channels on local multichannel television providers if they are airing the same programming in simulcast, thus protecting their exclusive rights to earn revenue off such programming whenever it is broadcast in Canada. Therefore, Canadian networks have made significant effort to import popular American series to take advantage of the rule, which in turn crowds out Canadian programming to less-desirable time slots. 1509: 697:

eight hours of Canadian "priority programming" per-week between the hours of 7 and 11 p.m.; priority programming included scripted programs, documentaries, entertainment news, and variety programs. This was replaced in 2010 with the current licensing framework, which places a larger focus on overall investments into Canadian content and the similar concept of "programs of national interest", as opposed to scheduling and quantity.

286:), was adopted in 1971 to define and identify Canadian content in pieces of music for the purposes of increasing exposure of Canadian music on Canadian radio through content regulations governing a percentage (25%) of airplay to be devoted to Canadian music. The percentage was increased to 30% in the 1980s, and to 35% effective January 3, 1999. However, most new commercial radio stations licensed since 1999 have been licensed at 40%. 1495: 349:, and he did not primarily record the album in Canada, and therefore only fulfilled one of the criteria fully. It was noted that if Adams had written all the lyrics, and Lange all the music (or vice versa), the collaboration would have counted as Canadian content. As a result, under CRTC regulations of the time, none of the album's songs were considered Canadian content. 99:, the CRTC is obligated to ensure that "each element of the Canadian broadcasting system shall contribute in an appropriate manner to the creation and presentation of Canadian programming", and that every broadcast undertaking " maximum use, and in no case less than predominant use, of Canadian creative and other resources in the creation and presentation of programming". 303:

peak listening times. These program blocks became mockingly known as "beaver hours," featuring Canadian songs selected from the "beaver bin." This practice is now reduced by CRTC regulations stipulating that CanCon percentages must be met between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m., rather than allowing a station to save all their Canadian content for off-peak hours.

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series than to finance a new homemade production. Perhaps more importantly, given the reach of the major U.S. broadcast networks in Canada, it is virtually impossible to delay or modify a U.S. program's broadcast schedule, as regularly occurs in other foreign markets, to weed out failures or to otherwise accommodate homegrown programming.

1400:'s office requesting that the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement "be comprehensive in scope, strictly avoiding any sectoral carveouts that preclude the application of free trade disciplines. We note that several market access barriers Canada involve, for example, content quota requirements for television, radio, cable television, 222:

often choose to meet higher Canadian content levels than commercial broadcasters, because of their mandate to support independent and underground and provide content not readily available on commercial radio or the CBC; however, this is a voluntary commitment made by these stations rather than a core

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has criticized the current requirements for film and television production to qualify as Canadian content as being outdated, citing that its requirements being largely dependent on Canadian involvement in specific roles (such as the producer, lead actors, directors, screenwriters, and composers) has

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Canadian commercial television networks schedule a large percentage of their Canadian productions to air in the summer season; although traditionally a season of low viewership, this practice has actually been beneficial for Canadian television productions, influenced by widespread viewer preference

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Over the years the CRTC has tried a number of strategies intended to increase the success of Canadian programming, including expenditure requirements and time credits for productions with specific requirements. In 1999, the CRTC mandated that stations owned by the largest private groups air at least

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had different requirements; the CRTC's Peter G. Fleming explained in 1985 that "perceiving AM as low brow and FM as high brow wanted to ensure the status quo". Hit music was limited on FM radio by restricting a single song to 3 plays per day and a playlist to only 50% top-40 hits. FM stations had

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their Canadian content to dedicated program blocks, in off-peak listening hours such as early mornings or after midnight, during which the music played would be almost entirely Canadian — thus having the effect of significantly reducing how many Canadian songs would actually have to be played during

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formats. (Since the late 2000s, AM radio in North America has been declining as stations have shut down and moved to FM.) The total amount of Canadian-produced content declined as broadcasters could license syndicated radio programs produced in the U.S., while the Cancon regulations were conceived

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In December 2022, the CRTC announced a proposal to update the MAPL system to account for changes in the music industry and reduce regulatory burden. The proposal would remove the "performance" condition entirely, and only require lyrics and music to be principally (at least 50%) written or composed

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Artists who were active in the early CanCon era in the 1970s and 1980s have noted that their music was often dismissed by Canadian audiences as inferior product, propped up by quotas rather than quality, if they were unable to replicate their Canadian success internationally. Yet, at the same time,

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The CRTC presently requires that at least 55% of all programming aired annually by broadcast television stations, and at least 50% of programming aired daily from 6:00 pm to midnight, must be Canadian content. In May 2011, the annual CanCon requirement for private television broadcasters was

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To an even greater extent than on radio, Canadian television programming has been a perennially difficult proposition for the broadcast industry, particularly dramatic programming in prime-time. It is much more economical for Canadian stations to buy the Canadian rights to an American prime-time

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for two years from 2008 to 2010. No rule prevents programs such as Limbaugh or Beck from being aired on Canadian radio stations; such programs are simply not carried because their focus on American politics limits their relevance to Canadian radio audiences, especially given the high rights fees

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in Canada devote at least a portion of their schedules to Canadian films, although this is by choice rather than government regulation; a few film festivals are devoted exclusively to Canadian films, although most screen a mix of Canadian and international films. However, as movie-based premium

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Current Canadian content percentages are as follows: radio airplay is 35% (with partial exceptions for some specialty formats such as classical). Some stations are required to air a higher percentage based on their "promise of performance" information during their license submission. Broadcast

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Unlike music radio, the rules on talk radio are more ambiguous. The vast majority of Canadian commercial English-language talk radio stations operate with local talk for most of the daylight hours, with the exception of two nationally syndicated Canadian talk show hosts: news/talk personality

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The producer of the program must be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, and hold "full responsibility" in overseeing development, creative and financial control. The producer must also receive a remuneration that exceeds the aggregated remuneration of all foreign producer-related

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or American acts. This was a major hurdle for Canadian musicians, since they could not gain attention in their home country without having a hit single in the United States or Europe first. Even after MAPL was implemented in the early 1970s, some radio stations were criticized for

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Early Canadian programming was often produced merely to fill content requirements, and featured exceedingly low budgets, rushed production schedules, poor writing and little in the way of production values, and as a result did not attract much of an audience. One Canadian series,

1452:) may not necessarily qualify as "Canadian content"—instead being a "foreign location and service production" (FLSP) that uses Canadian resources. Geist noted in some cases that these productions were "frequently indistinguishable" from certified Canadian content, such as 843:

completed long runs, buoyed by critical approval if not overwhelming viewer success (though they have since became mainstays of both Canadian and American syndication). As for CTV, after short-lived runs of planned "flagship" drama series such as

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in 2018, it was reported that Canada had secured an exemption from a clause in the agreement that prohibits discriminatory rules on foreign audio-video services in order to ask services to financially support the creation of Canadian content.

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of content that was at least partly written, produced, presented, or otherwise contributed to by persons from Canada. CanCon also refers to that content itself, and, more generally, to cultural and creative content that is Canadian in nature.

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for new programming over off-season repeats, as well as an increased chance of gaining a lucrative sale to one of the big four American networks—a revenue stream which is generally unavailable during the fall and winter television seasons.

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operate on television and thus must follow Canadian content regulations, they do acquire and program Canadian films; this often still represents a Canadian film's best opportunity to attract an audience beyond the film festival circuit.

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For the purposes of MAPL, a "Canadian" refers to a citizen, permanent resident, someone whose "ordinary place of residence" has been in Canada prior to their contribution to the musical selection, or someone who is a CRTC licensee.

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Canadian networks have sometimes fulfilled Cancon requirements by commissioning series filmed in Canada, but intended to be sold to broadcasters in larger foreign markets such as the United States and United Kingdom, such as CTV's

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as a call for at least one-half of the programming at publicly subsidized theatres to be Canadian content. The numerical goal was not achieved, but the following years saw an increase in Canadian content stage productions.

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in terms of CanCon. In October 2012, Canada formally became a TPP negotiating participant. In order to enter into the TPP agreement, Canada had to accept the terms agreed upon by the nine original signatory countries:

2680: 1625: 613:), conversely, rely on news and information programs for the bulk of their Canadian content while running mostly American network series, but do still commission some domestic productions for prime time broadcasts. 370:. The lone restriction is that the station must have a working studio within the region it broadcasts, which prohibits the use of entirely satellite-operated stations (which are commonplace in the United States). 1332:, while continuing to accept Canadian federal tax credits. The company was later purchased in 2004 by former Nelvana executives, and renamed Cookie Jar Group. The company was in turn acquired by Halifax-based 2306: 2418: 720:

The director or screenwriter for live-action productions, or the scriptwriter or storyboard supervisor for animated productions, and at least one of the two highest-paid lead performers, must be Canadian.

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required 30% of the music broadcast in a day be Canadian, and that these selections be "reasonably distributed throughout the broadcast day". Five percent of all records had to be two-count Canadian.

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reprimanded the stations broadcasting Stern numerous times for Stern's comments, which prompted the two stations to drop him in short order. Stern would later move exclusively to satellite radio.

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What is considered Canadian content is determined by either the CRTC, or the Canadian Audio-Visual Certification Office (CAVCO) for film and television productions that are seeking its

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Was performed live or recorded after September 1, 1991, meets the criteria for either artist or performance, and a Canadian receives at least half of the credit for music and lyrics.

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programs, local newscasts and public affairs programming, and reruns of Canadian-produced library programs. Further complicating matters for Canadian content is the existence of

2360: 1617: 2777: 2672: 754:, is sometimes claimed as one of the worst television shows ever produced. However, even given these limitations, some productions managed to rise above the mediocre – both 373:

Syndicated programming from the United States invariably airs after 7:00 pm local time in virtually all markets, and usually features non-political programs such as

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notably lampooned the Cancon rules, as well a request by the CBC for a filler segment featuring distinctively Canadian content, by developing the characters of

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At least 75% of all costs incurred for production services, as well as 75% of all costs incurred in post-production, must be for services provided in Canada.

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To qualify as Canadian content a musical selection must generally fulfil at least two of the following conditions (one if recorded prior to January 1972):

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to commit to play a certain format and each of these FM formats had a different CanCon quotas (e.g. The "Pop And Rock Softer" stations required 10% for

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The production must employ a minimum number of Canadian citizens or permanent residents in key creative positions, as determined by a points system.

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of imported English-language programming, and to prioritize the province's insular "star system" of local talent. The English commercial networks (

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Some have suggested that Canadian content minimums be enacted for movie theatres, in order to improve the visibility and commercial viability of

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CRTC requirement, and CanCon requirements may be lower for campus and community stations as they often air large quantities of category 3 music.

3250: 2608: 2131: 3069: 2158: 540:, the last of which is also carried by several U.S. stations. American syndicated series are usually played in "off peak" and weekend hours. 2639: 1684: 1475:(which both include a number of Canadian actors, personnel in prominent roles, and are set in Canadian locations). He also pointed out that 1393: 78:

television is 55% cancon yearly or 50% daily (CBC has a 60% CanCon quota; some specialty or multicultural formats have lower percentages).

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Some stations – especially those playing formats where there may be a limited number of Canadian recordings suitable for airplay, such as

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artists who did break through internationally also ran the risk of becoming dismissed by Canadian audiences as no longer truly Canadian.

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for a mid-season premiere in 2022. The third season would also be picked up by NBC, with its U.S. premiere held back to fall due to the

790:. Bob and Doug became the program's most popular characters, and spawned spin-offs such as comedy albums, commercials, the feature film 1446:

led to situations where productions filmed in Canada, using Canadian personnel and talent, or adapted from works by Canadians (such as

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helped to bolster wider public awareness and critical acclaim of the series in the United States and worldwide. This culminated at the

2364: 2123: 2064: 1250:(which premiered at midseason in Canada) for its fall primetime lineup, filling the timeslot normally filled by its own medical drama 2769: 589:, devotes the vast majority of its prime time schedule to Canadian content, having dropped U.S. network series in the mid-1990s. The 405:

on tape delay in the evenings for a few months, from April through November 2007, when CFBN stopped broadcasting over the air, and

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To complement their airings of American or British versions, Canadian networks have also produced local versions of unscripted

858: 774:) grew from local low-budget productions with a limited audience to large production companies with a North American audience. 2273: 2242: 2031: 1935: 1650: 3337:"Bill C-11's Foundational Faults, Part Five: How is "Gotta Love Trump" Cancon But Amazon's Toronto Maple Leafs Series Isn't?" 1134:, a late-night block of crime dramas in the late 1980s and early 1990s which included a number of Canadian series, including 450:

from New York City during prime daytime hours. Stern was forced off the air not because of Canadian content, but because the

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to apply to music only, and not to spoken-word programming. This became particularly controversial in 1998 when stations in

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By the 1980s, there were a range CanCon requirements depending on the radio band (AM or FM) and music programming format.

2736: 2703: 1555: 1389:, Canada had no veto power over these terms and accepted the "existing unbracketed text, sight unseen and without input." 514:). In other formats, an American syndicated program sometimes is supplemented with an all-Canadian program; for instance, 2965: 852: 681:

Historically, much of these requirements have been fulfilled by lower-cost non-scripted programming, including networked

630: 3245: 3319: 3292: 1736: 1710: 1454: 1448: 2337: 3433: 2844: 807: 2239:"Renewal of licences for the television services of large English-language ownership groups – Introductory decision" 1336:(now WildBrain) in 2012, which made it the largest independent owner of children's television content in the world. 3423: 2907: 2480: 1290:

in 2000. In the 1990s, Nelvana made several major deals for educational programming with U.S. broadcasters such as

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consistently drew hundreds of thousands of viewers each week. In the latter part of the 1990s and the early 2000s,

1760:"'Final nail in the coffin': Why SiriusXM dropping CBC Radio 3 is 'potentially catastrophic' for Canadian artists" 1483:—was able to receive the CAVCO certification despite only featuring one Canadian citizen as an interview subject. 597:, similarly places a larger emphasis on original productions, as they have historically been more profitable than 3492: 2704:"NBC Acquires Canadian Medical Drama Nurses, From Saving Hope and Rookie Blue EPs — Find Out When It'll Premiere" 1522: 1279: 1012: 346: 262:, but these channels were quietly dropped from Sirius XM in 2022 in favour of making them exclusive to the CBC's 3150: 2519: 3363: 2449: 1868: 1309:

was well known for producing and distributing animated series with tie-ins for the educational market, such as

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specials and received strong viewer support on PBS stations in the northern part of the United States, such as

1142: 956: 906: 1256:(whose premiere was deferred to 2021). NBC subsequently picked up another Canadian medical drama from Global, 81:

The loss of the protective Canadian content quota requirements is one of the concerns of those opposed to the

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Government of Canada, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) (January 23, 2006).

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Government of Canada, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) (December 7, 2022).

1267: 1160: 113: 671: 85:. Canada entered into the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a multilateral free trade agreement, in October 2012. 3278: 2673:"NBC Sets September Debut For Canadian Medical Drama 'Transplant' As Pandemic Impacts Fall Schedule Plans" 1996: 251: 3284: 3123: 3030: 1286:

has had interests in both children's television and publishing, and was acquired by Canadian broadcaster

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was a moderate success with a loyal fan base, but was nonetheless cancelled in 2006 after three seasons.

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became the first series to sweep all seven major awards in their respective genre in the same year, and

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did not qualify as Canadian as Adams co-wrote both the music and the lyrics with South African producer

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was regarded with indifference by Canadian radio, and during the 1960s, Canadian radio was dominated by

3487: 1589:"U.S. Trade Representative Kirk Welcomes Canada as a New Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiating Partner" 1222: 2387: 1966: 3502: 2419:"With Beer, Back Bacon and Banter, SCTV's Bob & Doug Mine Comedy Gold in the 'great White North'" 1397: 1345: 1230: 1214: 1130: 985: 846: 822: 798: 761: 690: 606: 82: 3512: 3507: 3061: 1094: 709:. The CRTC's requirements for a television program to be considered Canadian content include that: 686: 341: 230:

services, Canadian content regulation is applied in aggregate over the whole subscription package.

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Non-Canadians may not be credited as a producer, co-producer, line producer, or production manager

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Following an extensive public hearing process organized by the CRTC, the MAPL system, created by

202:, may be allowed by the CRTC to meet Canadian content targets as low as 20 per cent. Stations in 95: 1860: 3522: 3213:"CPTPP side deals leave door open for Canada to regulate Netflix, experts say | Financial Post" 2741: 2644: 2555: 1825:"CanCon music survivors from Streetheart to Maestro Fresh Wes savouring the new mood in Canada" 1246: 1233:

became the first to win awards for acting, directing, producing, and writing in the same year.

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Is a "performance of a musical composition that a Canadian has composed for instruments only."

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There is concern about the Trans-Pacific Partnership Intellectual Property Provisions of the

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Government of Canada, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC).

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produces channels focused on Canadian music, talk, and spoken word programming (such as

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Dramatic Licence: Translating Theatre from One Official Language to the Other in Canada

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for educational programming), with many of them being adaptations of children's books.

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as its first original scripted series, but its later addition to the streaming service

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A notable exception to the majority-Canadian spoken word programming came in 2012 when

401: 325: 2183: 1556:"Trans-Pacific Partnership: Canadian Content Rules Under Pressure From U.S. Lobbyists" 1429: 563:. CHAM meets its studio requirement by maintaining a locally based interstitial host. 3429: 3315: 3288: 2488: 2209: 1893: 1874: 1864: 1733:"The MAPL system uses music, artist, lyrics and performance to define Canadian songs" 1317: 1209: 944: 923: 915: 902: 839: 556: 479: 381: 375: 60: 2297:"CRTC demands Bell, Corus spend more money on Canadian content after feds intervene" 415:, even during the period when it focused on political content. Miller also aired on 2551:"Emmys: 'Schitt's Creek' Sets Record for Most Wins in a Single Season for a Comedy" 2269: 2238: 2023: 1074: 766: 617: 576: 499: 294: 231: 203: 1653:(Press release). Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. October 9, 2012. 219: 1527: 1405: 869: 634: 290: 255: 227: 154:

A (artist) — the music is, or the lyrics are, performed principally by a Canadian

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As part of its current "group-based" approach to the licensing of broadcast and

3217: 2301: 2272:. Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. March 22, 2010. 1401: 1154: 1117: 586: 527: 511: 321: 263: 239: 638: 3476: 3462: 2492: 2241:. Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. May 15, 2017. 1514: 1442: 1378: 1325: 1201: 938: 805:

In the 1980s and early 1990s, distinctly Canadian drama series such as CBC's

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The 1991 half credit for music and lyrics provision was added after Canadian

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lowered from 60% to 55% yearly. The CBC remains subject to the 60% quota.

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P (performance) — the musical selection consists of a performance that is:

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are rarely picked up by Canadian radio stations, although the now defunct

2912: 1859:(8th ed.). Sherwood Publishing Partners, Sage Publications. p. 1624:. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade. October 10, 2012. 1471: 1460: 1425: 1358: 1329: 1040: 1024: 994: 507: 489: 462: 336: 259: 254:). All of these channels are incorporated into the overall lineup of the 2917: 2270:"A group-based approach to the licensing of private television services" 258:

service. The CBC also produced channels carried on the service, such as

1386: 1136: 1079: 1061: 864: 706: 659: 432: 367: 283: 279: 70: 3364:"Why Hollywood Loves Canada: 4 Cities Offering Big Filming Incentives" 2770:"NBC Slots 'Transplant' & 'Weakest Link' On Sundays Post-Olympics" 69:, Internet-based video services) must produce and broadcast a certain 3395:"In 'Turning Red' I finally saw myself reflected in a main character" 3154: 2000: 1413:

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership

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provided a major exception, with NBC importing the CTV medical drama

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also naturally produce Canadian content, some of which, most notably

682: 503: 470: 392: 267: 2609:"NBC Expands Medical Drama Series Lineup With Canada's 'Transplant'" 119:

For music, the Canadian content requirements are referred to as the

3185:. International Intellectual Property Alliance. September 4, 2012. 2520:"Emmys 2020: Schitt's Creek Makes Emmy History With Complete Sweep" 2097: 1370: 1295: 1197: 441: 428: 424: 316: 311: 1878: 1328:, and had also faced allegations that it paid American writers to 1242:

impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States

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Yahr, Emily; Butler, Bethonie; Rao, Sonia; Andrews-Dyer, Helena.

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A musical selection may also qualify as Canadian content if it:

2708: 1463:, and followed a Canadian sports franchise), and films such as 1459:

which was filmed by Canadian crews, narrated by Canadian actor

1350: 1113: 817: 610: 594: 555:, two stations in southern Ontario, as full-time affiliates of 474: 199: 3153:. International Intellectual Property Alliance. Archived from 2088:"Quebec's insular star system may be too much of a good thing" 1176:

was also a success, being imported into the United States via

862:, the network later found ratings success with series such as 180:

Is an instrumental performance of a composition by a Canadian.

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The program must fall within a CRTC-defined program category.

2640:"NBC Snags Canadian Drama 'Transplant' to Shore Up Schedule" 678:(25%; French outside of Quebec, and English within Quebec). 3498:

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission

1374: 1185: 1056: 548: 515: 412: 195: 112:"MAPL" redirects here. For the MAPL planning language, see 53:

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission

3126:. Government of Canada. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Hansard. 1479:—a Canadian-produced documentary on former U.S. president 658:

owned by the largest private broadcasting groups (such as

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broadcasting license or move away from music in favour of

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L (lyrics) — the lyrics are written entirely by a Canadian

1299: 1291: 1125: 1083:(which was partially funded by the CBC) are also common. 1070: 3246:"Canadian Content Could Thrive in a New Trade Agreement" 1330:

write for its shows under the names of Canadian citizens

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Canadian studios have had a significant presence in the

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Performed wholly in Canada and broadcast live in Canada.

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M (music) — the music is composed entirely by a Canadian

2124:"Filmmaker, politician propose Cancon quota for movies" 1077:), and the early seasons of the current incarnation of 3280:

Canadian Content: Culture and the Quest for Nationhood

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In English Canada, presently only the public network,

3174: 3172: 2478: 2363:. Canadian Communications Foundation. Archived from 2327: 2021: 1967:"Ruling the Airwaves: The CRTC and Canadian Content" 1490: 919:, have been able to generate a strong mass appeal. 457:

American shows that combine talk and music, such as

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stations in Canada in the 1990s was to apply for an

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As in the United States in the 1980s, the trend for

2805:Moves To Fall On NBC; Network Stays In Scripted As 2584:"For Canadian TV, summer is the new growing season" 3169: 3115: 2079: 1934:Sholin, Dave (March 8, 1985). Sholin, Dave (ed.). 1852: 620:, although none have ever been put in place. Most 16:Portion of Canadian contribution in broadcast work 1651:"Canada Formally Joins Trans-Pacific Partnership" 246:), and carries the CBC's main national networks ( 3474: 3180:"IIPA Request to Appear and Testimony on-Canada" 3028: 2868: 2388:"Top 10 SCTV Skits: Great White North: Beer Nog" 1959: 1891: 1549: 1547: 289:Before the MAPL system was established in 1971, 2737:"'Transplant' Renewed for Second Season at NBC" 2055:"Why Canuck TV sucks - and Quebec shows thrive" 1894:"ARCHIVED - Transcript - Hull, QC - 2001/04/24" 477:programs are widely popular in Canada, such as 332:stations were also at 20% and country at 30%). 3251:Centre for International Governance Innovation 2988: 2184:"Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2011-288" 1846: 1844: 1404:broadcast services, specialty television, and 357:Talk radio and American syndicated programming 353:by a Canadian to qualify as Canadian content. 3084: 1544: 1324:. The company collapsed in 2001 following an 19:"CanCon" redirects here. For other uses, see 3469:) talks about his support for CANCON in 1971 2908:"Public TV again turns to Canada for kidvid" 2178: 2176: 1707:"The MAPL system – defining a Canadian song" 1645: 1643: 1394:International Intellectual Property Alliance 1339: 1180:member stations. That show's cast often did 532:along with the Canadian syndicated programs 3062:"When it comes to kids' TV, Canada is king" 1850: 1841: 270:, which does not require any subscription. 2425:. Vol. 17, no. 4. Archived from 2379: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1411:After the replacement of the TPP with the 1225:in 2020 following its final season, where 3421: 3307: 3276: 2966:"Cinar co-founder Micheline Charest dies" 2939:Robertson, Virginia (September 1, 1998). 2938: 2173: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1640: 1273: 3361: 2877:"Corus to buy Nelvana for $ 540-million" 2767: 2670: 2548: 2472: 1855:Music Business Handbook and Career Guide 1799:. Vol. 116, no. 14. p. 70 1784: 1618:"Canada: Old friends, new opportunities" 1213:was co-produced with U.S. cable network 385:. More political American shows such as 3210: 3090: 2905: 2874: 2849:Gets New Season 3 Premiere Date At NBC" 2447: 2398:from the original on September 28, 2011 2294: 2210:"ARCHIVED - Public Notice CRTC 1999-97" 2161:from the original on September 28, 2011 1811: 1790: 1657:from the original on September 10, 2013 1086:A few Canadian drama series, including 3475: 3130:from the original on February 20, 2014 3121: 3093:"DHX purchase of Cookie Jar completed" 3031:"DHX purchase of Cookie Jar completed" 2842: 2734: 2716:from the original on December 19, 2020 2695: 2637: 2606: 2581: 2549:Feinberg, Scott (September 20, 2020). 2330:"Canadian Program Certification Guide" 2276:from the original on November 24, 2019 2190:from the original on December 21, 2013 2152: 2134:from the original on February 28, 2009 2052: 2034:from the original on December 21, 2022 1933: 1916: 1822: 1757: 1739:from the original on December 20, 2013 1713:from the original on December 20, 2013 1687:from the original on December 28, 2012 1583: 1581: 1553: 676:official language minority communities 566: 3392: 3362:Vlessing, Etan (September 13, 2016). 3334: 3243: 3192:from the original on October 30, 2012 3091:Sylvain, Matthew (October 23, 2012). 3029:Sylvain, Matthew (October 23, 2012). 3024: 3022: 2994: 2976:from the original on January 17, 2023 2875:Damsell, Keith (September 18, 2000). 2798: 2780:from the original on February 9, 2022 2768:Andreeva, Nellie (January 31, 2022). 2749:from the original on January 26, 2021 2702:Roots, Kimberly (November 10, 2020). 2701: 2530:from the original on January 18, 2021 2499:from the original on January 18, 2021 2460:from the original on November 1, 2020 2450:"The Unlikely Rise of Schitt's Creek" 2358: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2233: 2231: 2085: 1936:"Canadian Content—Check or Challenge" 1904:from the original on February 8, 2022 1772:from the original on November 8, 2022 1029:International co-productions such as 220:campus-based community radio stations 3142: 3059: 2683:from the original on August 23, 2020 2671:Andreeva, Nellie (August 12, 2020). 2340:from the original on August 24, 2022 2309:from the original on October 2, 2019 2245:from the original on October 2, 2019 1628:from the original on August 16, 2013 1612: 1610: 452:Canadian Broadcast Standards Council 3374:from the original on March 31, 2022 3343:from the original on March 20, 2022 3007:from the original on March 14, 2017 2906:Collins, Geneva (August 16, 1999). 2887:from the original on March 12, 2016 2563:from the original on April 28, 2021 2352: 1947:. No. 1547. pp. 13–14, 42 1758:Assaly, Richie (October 25, 2022). 1578: 1455:All or Nothing: Toronto Maple Leafs 1262:, and ordered the second season of 214:media market in the United States. 13: 3415: 3258:from the original on July 24, 2019 3244:Geist, Michael (October 1, 2018). 3225:from the original on July 24, 2019 3103:from the original on July 13, 2017 3041:from the original on July 13, 2017 3019: 2843:Petski, Denise (August 28, 2023). 2735:Porter, Rick (December 11, 2020). 2416: 2385: 2295:Jackson, Emily (August 30, 2018). 2257: 2228: 2216:from the original on April 5, 2010 2067:from the original on March 2, 2020 1999:. pabsttheater.org. Archived from 1554:Tencer, Daniel (October 5, 2012). 14: 3534: 3443: 3335:Geist, Michael (March 16, 2022). 3122:Davies, Don (November 19, 2012). 3072:from the original on May 11, 2017 2995:Kelly, Brendan (March 28, 2004). 2652:from the original on May 21, 2020 2619:from the original on May 21, 2020 2517: 2104:from the original on May 22, 2016 2053:Bailey, Patricia (July 6, 2003). 2024:"Revised Commercial Radio Policy" 1977:from the original on May 21, 2011 1607: 1566:from the original on July 1, 2013 420:Limbaugh charged his affiliates. 3393:Kwong, Evelyn (March 14, 2022). 3211:Jackson, Emily (March 8, 2018). 3148: 2448:Adalian, Josef (April 7, 2020). 1791:LeBlanc, Larry (April 3, 2004). 1683:. Department of Justice Canada. 1677:"Broadcasting Policy for Canada" 1507: 1493: 656:discretionary specialty channels 3428:. University of Toronto Press. 3386: 3355: 3328: 3301: 3270: 3237: 3204: 3053: 2958: 2932: 2899: 2836: 2761: 2728: 2664: 2631: 2607:Petski, Denise (May 14, 2020). 2600: 2575: 2542: 2511: 2441: 2410: 2321: 2288: 2202: 2146: 2116: 2046: 2015: 1885: 1523:Canadian cultural protectionism 1441:University of Ottawa professor 63:, and since the passing of the 59:(including cable and satellite 3124:"41st Parliament, 1st Session" 3060:Wong, Jessica (May 11, 2017). 2799:White, Peter (July 19, 2023). 2153:Winton, Ezra (April 3, 2006). 1823:Rayner, Ben (April 19, 2019). 1751: 1725: 1699: 1669: 1316:which was distributed on U.S. 1170:in a late-night slot as well. 1128:in the early 1980s. CBS aired 1124:aired in a late night slot on 957:The Great Canadian Baking Show 868:(a sitcom set at an eponymous 645: 559:, a service of the U.S.-based 107: 1: 3425:Broadcasting Policy in Canada 2997:"CINAR turns into Cookie Jar" 2638:Porter, Rick (May 14, 2020). 2582:Taylor, Kate (June 8, 2011). 2212:. Crtc.gc.ca. June 11, 1999. 2086:Woods, Allan (May 21, 2016). 1538: 1424:In 1971, a group of Canadian 700: 160:Recorded wholly in Canada, or 114:Multi-Agent Planning Language 1436: 1282:market, the domestic studio 1049:(Showcase and BBC America), 727:must be performed in Canada. 625:television services such as 7: 3285:University of Toronto Press 2186:. Crtc.gc.ca. May 3, 2011. 1851:Baskerville, David (2006). 1486: 742: 142: 10: 3539: 3422:Armstrong, Robert (2010). 3308:Ladouceur, Louise (2012). 1591:. Ustr.gov. Archived from 1419: 1305:The Montreal-based studio 1223:72nd Primetime Emmy Awards 796:, and the animated series 570: 534:Canadian Country Spotlight 273: 111: 88: 18: 3314:. University of Alberta. 2817:Make Up Revised Schedule" 1735:. CRTC. August 10, 2009. 1398:U.S. Trade Representative 1340:Trans-Pacific Partnership 1268:WGA and SAG–AFTRA strikes 1131:Crimetime After Primetime 691:simultaneous substitution 252:Ici Radio-Canada Première 83:Trans-Pacific Partnership 3277:Edwardson, Ryan (2008). 2361:"The Trouble With Tracy" 2359:Wedge, Pip (July 2002). 1320:by Boston's PBS station 876:, filmed in the town of 723:For animated works, the 591:French-language industry 411:aired for many years on 347:Robert John "Mutt" Lange 342:Waking Up the Neighbours 102: 1997:"Bryan Adams biography" 1793:"Radio Plays Favorites" 1392:In September 2012, the 933:The Amazing Race Canada 3493:Canadian music history 3368:The Hollywood Reporter 2742:The Hollywood Reporter 2645:The Hollywood Reporter 2556:The Hollywood Reporter 2155:"Canadian Dis-Content" 1274:Children's programming 751:The Trouble with Tracy 561:Cumulus Media Networks 388:The Rush Limbaugh Show 48: 2130:. September 7, 2006. 1595:on September 10, 2013 1298:(taking advantage of 1280:children's television 780:Bob and Doug McKenzie 521:Country Countdown USA 447:The Howard Stern Show 408:The Phil Hendrie Show 366:and sports talk host 244:Just for Laughs Radio 3518:Television in Canada 1533:Online Streaming Act 1167:The Kids in the Hall 573:Television in Canada 536:and Hugh McLennan's 492:'s American Hit List 256:U.S. Sirius XM Radio 66:Online Streaming Act 3157:on January 10, 2016 2596:on August 21, 2011. 2060:Winnipeg Free Press 1560:The Huffington Post 1449:The Handmaid's Tale 1288:Corus Entertainment 1013:Twice in a Lifetime 1001:Sue Thomas: F.B.Eye 975:Canada's Got Talent 969:The Bachelor Canada 951:The Traitors Canada 831:and the CBC dramas 567:Film and television 330:album-oriented rock 282:(co-creator of the 123:, referring to the 3467:Sam the record man 2972:. April 15, 2004. 2881:The Globe and Mail 2854:Deadline Hollywood 2822:Deadline Hollywood 2613:Deadline Hollywood 2589:The Globe and Mail 2429:on October 2, 2019 1837:on April 19, 2019. 1385:. According to MP 1326:accounting scandal 1173:The Red Green Show 1164:, and later aired 981:Canada's Drag Race 963:Big Brother Canada 928:reality television 924:television formats 903:Specialty channels 898:This Is Wonderland 834:Da Vinci's Inquest 687:entertainment news 538:Spirit of the West 402:Glenn Beck Program 326:adult contemporary 61:specialty channels 3488:Canadian identity 2941:"The CBS Kidshow" 2809:& New Dramas 1318:public television 1300:new U.S. mandates 945:MasterChef Canada 916:Trailer Park Boys 859:The Eleventh Hour 840:Republic of Doyle 767:Smith & Smith 557:24/7 Comedy Radio 382:Coast to Coast AM 376:The Jim Rome Show 93:In enforcing the 3530: 3503:Cinema of Canada 3439: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3399:The Toronto Star 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3191: 3184: 3176: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3026: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2992: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2920:on March 1, 2006 2916:. Archived from 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2732: 2726: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2592:. Archived from 2579: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2417:Durkee, Cutler. 2414: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2325: 2319: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2266: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2235: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2180: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2157:. The Dominion. 2150: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2019: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2003:on July 16, 2012 1993: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1963: 1957: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1940: 1931: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1858: 1848: 1839: 1838: 1833:. Archived from 1820: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1681:Broadcasting Act 1673: 1667: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1647: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1614: 1605: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1585: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1551: 1517: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1477:Gotta Love Trump 577:Cinema of Canada 500:Gordon Lightfoot 232:Sirius XM Canada 96:Broadcasting Act 51:) refers to the 49:contenu canadien 29:Canadian content 3538: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3528: 3527: 3513:Radio in Canada 3508:Cultural policy 3473: 3472: 3446: 3436: 3418: 3416:Further reading 3413: 3403: 3401: 3391: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3333: 3329: 3322: 3306: 3302: 3295: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3242: 3238: 3228: 3226: 3209: 3205: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3120: 3116: 3106: 3104: 3089: 3085: 3075: 3073: 3058: 3054: 3044: 3042: 3027: 3020: 3010: 3008: 2993: 2989: 2979: 2977: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2949: 2947: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2873: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2841: 2837: 2827: 2825: 2797: 2793: 2783: 2781: 2766: 2762: 2752: 2750: 2733: 2729: 2719: 2717: 2700: 2696: 2686: 2684: 2669: 2665: 2655: 2653: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2605: 2601: 2580: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2547: 2543: 2533: 2531: 2518:Desta, Yohana. 2516: 2512: 2502: 2500: 2485:Washington Post 2477: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2446: 2442: 2432: 2430: 2415: 2411: 2401: 2399: 2384: 2380: 2370: 2368: 2367:on May 28, 2003 2357: 2353: 2343: 2341: 2326: 2322: 2312: 2310: 2293: 2289: 2279: 2277: 2268: 2267: 2258: 2248: 2246: 2237: 2236: 2229: 2219: 2217: 2208: 2207: 2203: 2193: 2191: 2182: 2181: 2174: 2164: 2162: 2151: 2147: 2137: 2135: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2107: 2105: 2084: 2080: 2070: 2068: 2051: 2047: 2037: 2035: 2020: 2016: 2006: 2004: 1995: 1994: 1990: 1980: 1978: 1965: 1964: 1960: 1950: 1948: 1938: 1932: 1917: 1907: 1905: 1890: 1886: 1871: 1849: 1842: 1821: 1812: 1802: 1800: 1789: 1785: 1775: 1773: 1756: 1752: 1742: 1740: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1716: 1714: 1705: 1704: 1700: 1690: 1688: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1660: 1658: 1649: 1648: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1616: 1615: 1608: 1598: 1596: 1587: 1586: 1579: 1569: 1567: 1552: 1545: 1541: 1528:Music of Canada 1513: 1508: 1506: 1499: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1439: 1430:Gaspé Manifesto 1422: 1406:satellite radio 1342: 1276: 1207:The CBC sitcom 1016:, and Global's 1007:Mysterious Ways 930:series such as 760:(originally on 745: 703: 648: 635:Hollywood Suite 579: 569: 518:will broadcast 444:started airing 359: 276: 228:satellite radio 216:Community radio 145: 117: 110: 105: 91: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3536: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3483:1971 in Canada 3471: 3470: 3457: 3445: 3444:External links 3442: 3441: 3440: 3434: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3411: 3385: 3354: 3327: 3321:978-0888647061 3320: 3300: 3294:978-1442692428 3293: 3269: 3236: 3218:Financial Post 3203: 3168: 3141: 3114: 3083: 3052: 3018: 2987: 2957: 2931: 2898: 2867: 2835: 2815:The Irrational 2791: 2760: 2727: 2694: 2663: 2630: 2599: 2574: 2541: 2510: 2471: 2440: 2409: 2386:Murphy, Ryan. 2378: 2351: 2320: 2302:Financial Post 2287: 2256: 2227: 2201: 2172: 2145: 2115: 2078: 2045: 2014: 1988: 1958: 1915: 1884: 1869: 1840: 1810: 1783: 1750: 1724: 1698: 1668: 1639: 1606: 1577: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1519: 1518: 1504: 1488: 1485: 1438: 1435: 1421: 1418: 1402:direct-to-home 1341: 1338: 1275: 1272: 1227:Schitt's Creek 1210:Schitt's Creek 1204:and New York. 1155:Forever Knight 1118:Ion Television 978:(Citytv), and 853:The Associates 799:Bob & Doug 744: 741: 740: 739: 736: 733: 732: 731: 728: 721: 715: 702: 699: 647: 644: 622:film festivals 593:, centered in 587:CBC Television 568: 565: 528:Grand Ole Opry 512:R. 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