505:
407:
85:
381:
397:
389:
513:
49:
491:
in the summer. This means that in the
Northern Hemisphere the show season generally begins in October or November and runs through December or January. Birds can only be shown by the persons who raised them. A show bird must have a unique band on its leg indicating the year of birth, the band number,
658:
team, is nicknamed "the
Canaries" due to the city once being a famous centre for breeding and export of the birds. The club adopted the colours of yellow and green in homage. Jacob Mackley, of Norwich, won many prizes with birds of the local variety and shipped about 10,000 from Norwich to New York
548:
in the mine would affect small warm-blooded animals before affecting the miners, since their respiratory exchange is more rapid than in humans. A mouse will be affected by carbon monoxide within a few minutes, while a human will have an interval of 20 times as long. Later, canaries were found to be
315:
in the 17th century, having been brought to Europe by
Spanish sailors. Monks started breeding them and only sold the males (which sing). This kept the birds in short supply and drove the price up. Eventually, Italians obtained hens and were able to breed the birds. This made them very popular,
426:, Green (Wild Type): darkest black and brown melanin shade in yellow ground birds, Yellow Melanin: mutation showing yellow ground colour with brown and black pigment, Yellow Lipochrome: mutation creating the loss of brown and black pigment, leaving yellow ground colour etc.)
549:
more sensitive and a more effective indicator as they showed more visible signs of distress. Their use in mining is documented from around 1900. The birds were sometimes kept in carriers which had small oxygen bottles attached to revive them. The use of miners' canaries in
319:
The same occurred in
England. First the birds were only owned by the rich, but eventually the local citizens started to breed them and, again, they became very popular. Many breeds arose through selective breeding, and they are still very popular today for their voices.
495:
There are many canary shows all over the world. The world show (C.O.M. - Confederation
Ornithologique Mondiale) is held in Europe each year and attracts thousands of breeders. As many as 20,000 birds are brought together for this competition.
444:
While wild canaries are a yellowish-green colour, domestic canaries have been selectively bred for a wide variety of colours, such as yellow, orange, brown, black, white, and red (the colour red was introduced to the domestic canary through
576:, or the birth of new neurons in the adult brain, and also for basic research in order to understand how songbirds encode and produce song. Thus, canaries have served as model species for discovering how the
948:
692:
560:" is frequently used to refer to a person or thing which serves as an early warning of a coming crisis. By analogy, the term "climate canary" is used to refer to a species (called an
1563:
564:) that is affected by an environmental danger prior to other species, thus serving as an early warning system for the other species with regard to the danger.
952:
516:
Resuscitation cage with an oxygen cylinder serving as a handle used to revive a canary for multiple uses in detecting carbon monoxide pockets within mines
824:"Experimental infection of domestic canaries (Serinus canaria domestica) with Mycoplasma gallisepticum: a new model system for a wildlife disease"
779:
700:
1633:
Informants, Cooperating
Witnesses, and Undercover Investigations: A Practical Guide to Law, Policy, and Procedure, Second Edition
1005:
1895:
1454:
1289:
1567:
436:
Song canaries (bred for their unique and specific song patterns – Spanish
Timbrado, German Roller (also known as
1708:
1694:
1641:
1658:
1890:
897:
476:
30:
This article is about the pet variety of the bird. For the wild bird that inhabits islands off western Europe, see
457:), a species of South American finch). Evidence of hybridization has also been found between the domestic canary (
224:
601:
Canaries are sometimes used to avoid hazardous human testing. Wasicky et al. 1949 used them in early testing of
475:
is home to a colony of feral yellow canaries, descended from pet birds introduced in 1909 by employees of the
1885:
1125:
696:
680:
479:. An estimated 500 canaries, which have retained their bright yellow plumage, are resident on Sand Island.
1771:
1541:
508:
Mining foreman R. Thornburg shows a small cage with a canary used for testing carbon monoxide gas in 1928.
1900:
1591:
17:
1782:
1600:
1787:
557:
1849:
1318:
1233:
1182:
871:
1440:
659:
every year. A number of other sports teams worldwide use variations of the name "Canaries", such as
84:
1910:
919:
804:
1802:
587:
203:
1766:
1631:
433:, Berner, Border, Fife, Gibber Italicus, Gloster, Lancashire, Raza Española, Yorkshire, etc.)
1279:
996:
A Brand-New Bird: How Two
Amateur Geneticists Create the First Genetically Engineered Animal
440:), Waterslager (also known as "Malinois"), American Singer, Russian Singer, Persian Singer).
718:
655:
462:
430:
8:
1662:
1417:
994:
62:
1608:
1515:
771:
660:
1386:
1340:
1313:
1255:
1228:
1204:
1177:
1107:
853:
738:
583:
529:
312:
233:
79:
372:), meaning 'island of dogs', due to its "vast multitudes of dogs of very large size".
1704:
1690:
1637:
1612:
1497:
1390:
1345:
1285:
1260:
1209:
1158:
1099:
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1001:
857:
845:
728:
676:
651:
561:
423:
400:
346:
bird. Given proper housing and care, a canary's lifespan ranges from 10 to 15 years.
1905:
1604:
1489:
1378:
1369:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1091:
1055:
1050:
1022:
974:
835:
748:
668:
602:
577:
521:
446:
289:
1365:"Risking Life and Wing: Victorian and Edwardian Conceptions of Coal-Mine Canaries"
684:
1857:
944:
840:
823:
712:
537:
332:
278:
180:
31:
613:
of the host ⇔ repellent ⇔ insect interaction is too high. Canaries, among other
1493:
1412:
743:
614:
541:
359:
305:
1776:
1879:
1825:
1616:
1103:
1064:
664:
591:
550:
274:
220:
1080:"The Introduction and Acclimatization of the Yellow Canary on Midway Island"
488:
316:
resulting in many breeds arising, and the birds being bred all over Europe.
1501:
1349:
1264:
1213:
849:
641:
573:
472:
369:
1862:
1382:
1364:
598:
structures and pathways that are involved in the production of bird song.
1834:
723:
606:
595:
525:
437:
328:
293:
156:
792:
580:
learns, consolidates memories, and recalls coordinated motor movements.
1701:
The
Practical Canary Handbook, A Guide to Breeding and Keeping Canaries
1162:
1111:
1079:
450:
1839:
1410:
626:
136:
96:
1796:
1095:
1819:
1152:
733:
688:
672:
610:
504:
419:
339:
282:
116:
822:
Hawley, DM; Grodio, J; Frasca, S; Kirkpatrick, L; Ley, DH (2011).
422: – Ino, Eumo, Satinette, Bronze, Ivory, Onyx, Mosaic, Brown,
406:
633:
545:
380:
301:
166:
48:
414:
Domestic canaries are generally divided into three main groups:
396:
1791:
1441:"The canary resuscitator | Museum of Science and Industry"
645:
528:
from around 1896, after the idea had been suggested in 1895 by
512:
388:
343:
297:
106:
1021:
Diaz, Leila; Correa, VĂctor
Alejandro; Nuñez, José J. (2018).
821:
355:
324:
286:
146:
1413:"Man And His Machines: Resuscitation Cage For Mine Canaries"
429:
Type canaries (bred for their shape and conformation –
126:
1154:
The Complete Canary Handbook: A Collection of Canary Tales
637:
572:
Canaries have been extensively used in research to study
533:
487:
Canaries are judged in competitions following the annual
1043:
BoletĂn de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural
636:
from the mid-20th century as being harassed by domestic
1411:
Page, Walter Hines; Page, Arthur Wilson (August 1914).
1178:"The Detection and Estimation of Carbonic Oxide in Air"
1711:. Especially useful to American Singer canary owners.
1278:
Biggins, Peter; Kusterbeck, Anne; Hilt, John (2001).
1277:
323:
From the 18th up to the 20th centuries, canaries and
338:
Typically, the domestic canary is kept as a popular
1480:Pollock, C. (2016). "The Canary in the Coal Mine".
1311:
1226:
1175:
805:"Subspecies Serinus canaria domesticus - Hierarchy"
1033:[Molecular evidences of hybridization between
993:
975:"Color Canaries: Information and Sound Recordings"
1362:
418:Colour-bred canaries (bred for their many colour
1877:
524:for use in detecting carbon monoxide in British
1020:
898:"The Story of the Real Canary in the Coal Mine"
937:
327:were used in the UK, Canada and the US in the
1023:"Evidencias moleculares de hibridaciĂłn entre
625:In organized crime, the canary symbolizes an
1582:
492:and the club to which the breeder belongs.
1479:
943:
605:. Human testing could only provide limited
363:
335:. In the UK, this practice ceased in 1986.
1629:
1281:Bio-inspired Materials and Sensing Systems
47:
1455:"1986: Coal mine canaries made redundant"
1339:
1284:. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 6.
1254:
1203:
1054:
839:
362:, which derive their name from the Latin
1659:"How Norwich fell in love with canaries"
991:
895:
617:, provided larger sample sizes cheaply.
511:
503:
405:
395:
387:
379:
1588:
1418:The World's Work: A History of Our Time
782:from the original on February 21, 2014.
14:
1878:
1656:
1041:(M., 1782) (Aves: Fringillidae)].
1801:
1800:
1589:Dethier, V. G. (1956). "Repellents".
1482:Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery
1314:"The Action of Carbonic Oxide on Man"
1229:"The Action of Carbonic Oxide on Man"
1150:
1077:
766:
764:
701:Brazil women's national football team
1850:533dc466-0a2a-4096-8b19-460e80250ba2
1031:(Molina, 1782) (Aves: Fringillidae)"
640:; the most famous cartoon canary is
1688:Brats in Feathers, Keeping Canaries
1650:
1609:10.1146/annurev.en.01.010156.001145
1421:. XXVIII (May to October 1914): 474
896:Eschener, Kat (December 30, 2016).
392:Feral yellow canary at Midway Atoll
24:
1680:
761:
567:
368:(after one of the larger islands,
25:
1922:
1760:
1516:"'Plutoed' voted US word of year"
872:"Serinus canaria (Island Canary)"
499:
1657:Heaton, Trevor (June 21, 2014).
477:Commercial Pacific Cable Company
83:
1722:Colour, Type, and Song Canaries
1623:
1556:
1534:
1508:
1473:
1447:
1433:
1404:
1356:
1305:
1271:
1220:
1169:
1144:
1118:
1078:Bryan, William Alanson (1912).
1071:
1014:
985:
632:Canaries have been depicted in
482:
249:I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1861
1566:. Neurogenesis. Archived from
1332:10.1113/jphysiol.1895.sp000578
1247:10.1113/jphysiol.1895.sp000578
1196:10.1113/jphysiol.1896.sp000635
967:
912:
889:
864:
815:
797:
786:
772:"ION: Index to Organism Names"
553:mines was phased out in 1986.
13:
1:
1000:. New York, NY: Basic Books.
754:
697:Brazil national football team
620:
1312:Haldane, John Scott (1895).
1227:Haldane, John Scott (1895).
1176:Haldane, John Scott (1896).
841:10.1080/03079457.2011.571660
375:
349:
311:Canaries were first bred in
261:, often simply known as the
7:
1896:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1630:Fitzgerald, Dennis (2014).
1592:Annual Review of Entomology
1542:"Fernando Nottebohm, Ph.D."
706:
629:who "sings" to the police.
242:Serinus canarius domesticus
10:
1927:
1772:The Rockefeller University
1544:The Rockefeller University
1494:10.1647/1082-6742-30.4.386
1363:Burton, Catherine (1895).
1056:10.29077/bol/112/ce03_diaz
354:The birds are named after
29:
1811:Serinus canaria domestica
1809:
1319:The Journal of Physiology
1234:The Journal of Physiology
1183:The Journal of Physiology
1035:Serinus canaria domestica
1025:Serinus canaria domestica
239:
232:
213:Serinus canaria domestica
209:
202:
80:Scientific classification
78:
69:
60:
55:
46:
41:
1151:Hogan, Linda S. (1999).
695:(MaranhĂŁo, Brazil), the
1891:Birds described in 1758
1564:"Neurogenesis in Birds"
1130:Friends of Midway Atoll
1699:Miley-Russell, Marie,
992:Birkhead, Tim (2003).
588:Rockefeller University
517:
509:
411:
403:
393:
385:
384:A white canary nesting
364:
1749:Health Care for Birds
1732:You and your pet bird
1383:10.1353/vcr.2014.0029
981:. September 16, 2021.
776:www.organismnames.com
586:, a professor at the
558:canary in a coal mine
515:
507:
409:
399:
391:
383:
292:originating from the
1886:Domesticated animals
793:Encyclopedia of life
719:Australian plainhead
463:black-chinned siskin
459:S. canaria domestica
431:Australian plainhead
294:Macaronesian Islands
195:S. c. domestica
1738:The Canary Handbook
1686:McDonald, Robirda,
1663:Eastern Daily Press
1461:. December 30, 1986
331:industry to detect
63:Conservation status
1901:Domesticated birds
1157:. self-published.
739:John Scott Haldane
584:Fernando Nottebohm
530:John Scott Haldane
520:Mice were used as
518:
510:
412:
404:
394:
386:
1873:
1872:
1803:Taxon identifiers
1522:. January 8, 2007
1443:. March 27, 2018.
1126:"Domestic Canary"
1007:978-0-465-00665-6
955:on April 29, 2019
949:"Natural History"
729:Red factor canary
609:and the inherent
603:insect repellents
562:indicator species
455:Spinus cucullatus
401:Red factor canary
277:form of the wild
255:
254:
250:
246:
73:
27:Domesticated bird
16:(Redirected from
1918:
1866:
1865:
1853:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1798:
1797:
1779:
1736:Author unknown,
1726:David Alderton,
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1586:
1580:
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1451:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1370:Victorian Review
1360:
1354:
1353:
1343:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1258:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1207:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1075:
1069:
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1058:
1018:
1012:
1011:
999:
989:
983:
982:
971:
965:
964:
962:
960:
951:. Archived from
941:
935:
934:
932:
930:
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
893:
887:
886:
884:
882:
868:
862:
861:
843:
819:
813:
812:
801:
795:
790:
784:
783:
768:
749:Sentinel species
661:Atlético Morelia
578:vertebrate brain
542:asphyxiant gases
522:sentinel species
469:) in captivity.
367:
248:
244:
215:
88:
87:
72:
56:Domestic canary
51:
42:Domestic canary
39:
38:
21:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1911:Warning systems
1876:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1861:
1858:Observation.org
1856:
1848:
1846:
1838:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1805:
1788:Domestic canary
1777:
1763:
1683:
1681:Further reading
1678:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1628:
1624:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1570:on May 25, 2017
1562:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1513:
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1292:
1276:
1272:
1225:
1221:
1174:
1170:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1096:10.2307/4071041
1076:
1072:
1037:(L., 1758) and
1029:Spinus barbatus
1019:
1015:
1008:
990:
986:
979:Beauty of Birds
973:
972:
968:
958:
956:
945:Pliny the Elder
942:
938:
928:
926:
918:
917:
913:
903:
901:
894:
890:
880:
878:
870:
869:
865:
820:
816:
809:The Taxonomicon
803:
802:
798:
791:
787:
770:
769:
762:
757:
713:Atlantic canary
709:
623:
594:, detailed the
570:
568:Use in research
538:carbon monoxide
502:
485:
467:Spinus barbatus
410:Sleeping canary
378:
352:
333:carbon monoxide
267:Serinus canaria
259:domestic canary
228:
217:
211:
198:
184:
181:S. canaria
82:
74:
65:
35:
32:Atlantic canary
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1924:
1914:
1913:
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1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1871:
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1868:
1867:
1854:
1844:
1831:
1815:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1795:
1794:
1785:
1774:
1769:
1767:The Canary FAQ
1762:
1761:External links
1759:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1747:Tim Hawcroft,
1745:
1734:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1697:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1649:
1642:
1622:
1601:Annual Reviews
1581:
1555:
1533:
1507:
1488:(4): 386–391.
1472:
1446:
1432:
1403:
1377:(2): 143–159.
1355:
1304:
1291:978-1849731218
1290:
1270:
1219:
1190:(6): 521–522.
1168:
1143:
1132:. June 4, 2022
1117:
1090:(3): 339–342.
1070:
1045:(in Spanish).
1013:
1006:
984:
966:
936:
911:
888:
863:
814:
796:
785:
759:
758:
756:
753:
752:
751:
746:
744:Warrant canary
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
708:
705:
622:
619:
569:
566:
501:
500:Miner's canary
498:
484:
481:
442:
441:
434:
427:
377:
374:
365:Insula Canaria
360:Canary Islands
351:
348:
306:Canary Islands
253:
252:
237:
236:
230:
229:
218:
207:
206:
204:Trinomial name
200:
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44:
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1789:
1786:
1784:
1780:
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1768:
1765:
1764:
1756:
1755:Fife Canaries
1753:James Blake,
1752:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1714:Linda Hogan,
1713:
1710:
1709:1-59113-851-5
1706:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1695:0-9730434-4-X
1692:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1645:
1643:9781466554580
1639:
1636:. CRC Press.
1635:
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1614:
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1602:
1598:
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1476:
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1450:
1442:
1436:
1425:September 19,
1420:
1419:
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1407:
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1388:
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915:
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245:Linnaeus 1758
243:
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137:Passeriformes
135:
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71:Domesticated
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1778:Canary Sound
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1716:Canary Tales
1715:
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1652:
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1568:the original
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1458:
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1374:
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1129:
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1024:
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953:the original
939:
929:February 27,
927:. Retrieved
924:Animal World
923:
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891:
879:. Retrieved
875:
866:
834:(3): 321–7.
831:
828:Avian Pathol
827:
817:
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799:
788:
775:
691:(Malaysia),
675:(Slovenia),
667:(Bulgaria),
652:Norwich City
650:
642:Warner Bros.
631:
624:
615:test animals
600:
582:
574:neurogenesis
571:
556:The phrase "
555:
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494:
486:
483:Competitions
473:Midway Atoll
471:
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454:
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370:Gran Canaria
353:
337:
322:
318:
310:
275:domesticated
270:
266:
262:
258:
256:
241:
240:
212:
210:
194:
193:
189:Subspecies:
179:
167:
147:Fringillidae
36:
1835:iNaturalist
1720:GB Walker,
1668:November 5,
1603:: 181–202.
1297:October 25,
1039:S. barbatus
724:Harz Roller
677:FC Novi Sad
607:sample size
596:avian brain
526:coal mining
438:Harz Roller
329:coal mining
157:Carduelinae
153:Subfamily:
18:Canary bird
1880:Categories
1728:Birds Care
1574:August 11,
1548:August 11,
1163:B0006RK73W
755:References
687:(Norway),
683:(Turkey),
681:Fenerbahçe
679:(Serbia),
663:(Mexico),
621:In culture
461:) and the
451:red siskin
424:red factor
281:, a small
1744:, Barrons
1617:0066-4170
1391:163033650
1104:0004-8038
1065:2659-2703
858:205546920
671:(Italy),
669:Frosinone
627:informant
449:with the
420:mutations
376:Varieties
350:Etymology
313:captivity
271:domestica
175:Species:
103:Kingdom:
97:Eukaryota
1820:Wikidata
1742:Canaries
1520:BBC News
1502:28107075
1459:BBC News
1350:16992272
1265:16992272
1214:16992351
959:July 25,
904:June 11,
850:21711192
780:Archived
734:Birdcage
707:See also
699:and the
689:Kedah FA
656:football
634:cartoons
611:variance
544:such as
536:such as
532:. Toxic
304:and the
283:songbird
273:), is a
234:Synonyms
221:Linnaeus
143:Family:
117:Chordata
113:Phylum:
107:Animalia
93:Domain:
1906:Serinus
1826:Q253941
1783:YouTube
1396:July 1,
1341:1514663
1256:1514663
1205:1512612
1136:June 5,
1112:4071041
1084:The Auk
881:July 9,
876:Avibase
551:British
546:methane
325:finches
302:Madeira
296:of the
285:in the
168:Serinus
163:Genus:
133:Order:
123:Class:
1863:151884
1847:NZOR:
1840:121532
1792:Curlie
1707:
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1526:May 1,
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344:aviary
298:Azores
290:family
279:canary
269:forma
263:canary
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1387:S2CID
1324:XVIII
1239:XVIII
1108:JSTOR
854:S2CID
673:Koper
534:gases
356:Spain
287:finch
1705:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1670:2020
1638:ISBN
1613:ISSN
1576:2012
1550:2012
1528:2010
1498:PMID
1467:2010
1427:2016
1398:2020
1346:PMID
1299:2016
1286:ISBN
1261:PMID
1210:PMID
1159:ASIN
1138:2023
1100:ISSN
1061:ISSN
1002:ISBN
961:2012
931:2016
906:2018
883:2024
846:PMID
693:IAPE
638:cats
489:molt
342:and
340:cage
257:The
225:1758
127:Aves
1790:at
1781:on
1605:doi
1490:doi
1379:doi
1336:PMC
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