51:
353:
590:
962:
93:
1051:
582:
833:)垂序商陸（全國中草藥彙編），洋商陸（中國植物圖鑑），美國商陸（華北經濟植物誌要），美洲商陸（經濟植物手冊），美商陸（杭州藥用植物誌），洋商陸(臺灣)、花商陸、野胭脂(杭州)、白雞腿(江西/Vertical Shang Lu (National Compendium of Chinese Herbal Medicine), Foreign Shang Lu (Chinese Botanical Atlas), American Shang Lu (North China Economic Plant Journal), American Shang Lu (Economic Plant Manual), American Shang Lu (Hangzhou Medicinal Plant Journal), Foreign Shang Lu (Taiwan), Florist Lu, Wild Rouge (Hangzhou), White Chicken Leg (Jiangxi. As food, it is called
529:
677:
70:
475:
467:
2922:
614: ft). The plant must be a few years old before the root grows large enough to support this size. The stem is usually red late in the season. There is an upright, erect central stem early in the season, which changes to a spreading, horizontal form later with the weight of the berries. The plant dies back to the roots each winter. The stem has a chambered
3334:"This year will mark the 37th Annual Poke Sallet Festival "The Oldest Poke Sallet Festival in the state of Tennessee" Come and join us on Thursday May 7th, Friday May 8th and Saturday May 9th 2015 In Historical Downtown Gainesboro. Look for details that will be featured in a 16 page insert in the April 28 issue of the Jackson County Sentinel."
1037:. Vomiting usually starts about 2 hours after the plant or parts of it have been eaten. Severe cases of poisoning result in purging, spasms, and sometimes convulsions. If death occurs, it is usually due to paralysis of the respiratory organs. Cases of animal or human poisoning should be handled by a veterinarian or a physician.
2279:
include
American Nightshade, American Spinach, Baie de Phytolaque d'Amérique, Bear's Grape, Branching Phytolacca, Cancer Jalap, Chongras, Coakum, Coakum-Chorngras, Cokan, Crowberry, Épinard de Cayenne, Épinard des Indes, Faux Vin, Fitolaca, Garget, Herbe à la Laque, Hierba Carmin, Jalap, Kermesbeere,
2588:
One study performed in
Oklahoma in 1962 concluded that the oral lethal dose of fresh poke berries in mice was about 300 gm/kg body weight and for dry berries was about 100 gm/kg body weight, and that liquid berry extract was 80 times as toxic when injected intraperitoneally as when taken orally. See
989:
Children are most frequently poisoned by eating raw berries. Infants are especially sensitive and have died from eating only a few raw berries. Adults have been poisoned, sometimes fatally, by eating improperly prepared leaves and shoots, especially if part of the root is harvested with the shoot,
977:
All parts of the plant can be toxic and pose risks to human and mammalian health. Toxins are found in highest concentration in the rootstock, then leaves and stems, then the ripe fruit. The plant generally gets more toxic with maturity, with the exception of the berries, which are dangerous even
892:
Birds are unaffected by the poisons in the berries, and eat them, dispersing the seeds. The berries are reported to be a good food source for songbirds and other bird species and small animals that are unaffected by its toxins. Distribution via birds is thought to account for the appearance of
372:
by farmers. Pokeweed is poisonous to humans, dogs, and livestock. In spring and early summer, shoots and leaves (not the root) are edible with proper cooking (hence the common name "poke sallet"), but later in the summer they become deadly, and the berries are also poisonous. It is used as an
1041:
The OARDC staff scientists note that symptoms of poisoning include "a burning sensation in the mouth, salivation, gastrointestinal cramps, and vomiting and bloody diarrhea", and that depending upon the amount consumed, more severe symptoms can occur, including "anemia, altered heart rate and
990:
and by mistaking the root for an edible tuber. Research with humans has also shown that common pokeweed can cause mutations (possibly leading to cancer) and birth defects. Since the juice of pokeweed can be absorbed through the skin, contact of plant parts with bare skin should be avoided.
3037:
Travels into North
America: containing its natural history, and a circumstantial account of its plantations and agriculture in general, with the civil, ecclesiastical and commercial state of the country, the manners of the inhabitants, and several curious and important remarks on various
1001:
The plant is not palatable to most animals and is avoided unless little else is available or it is present in contaminated hay, but horses, sheep and cattle have been poisoned by eating fresh leaves or green fodder and pigs have been poisoned by eating the roots.
2838:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
2280:
Laque, Phytolacca Berry, Phytolacca americana, Phytolacca decandra, Phytolaque Américaine, Phytolaque à Baies, Phytolaque Commun, Phytolaque d'Amérique, Pocan, Raisin d'Amérique, Red Plant, Scoke, Skoke, Teinturier, Teinturière, Vigne de Judée. See
3287:
3257:
644: in) wide. They have white petal-like sepals without true petals, on white pedicels and peduncles in an upright or drooping raceme, which darken as the plant fruits. Blooms first appear in early summer and continue into early fall.
1668:
Poke salad festivals are held annually in several small southern towns, though often these celebrations are only remotely related to the plant as food or medicine (see and individual festival references below). Locations include:
2353:
Other birds reported to include pokeweed in their diets include bluebirds, crested flycatchers, fish crows, hairy woodpeckers, kingbirds, phoebes, robins, starlings, and yellaw-breasted chats, see
Matthews, 1987, op.
668:: Thick central taproot which grows deep and spreads horizontally. Rapid growth. Tan cortex, white pulp, moderate number of rootlets. Transversely cut root slices show concentric rings. No nitrogen fixation ability.
2837:
1573:
A 100g serving of pokeweed contains 20 calories and 3.1 grams of carbohydrates, 1.6 grams of sugars, 1.5 grams of dietary fiber, 0.4 grams of fat, 2.3 grams of protein, and is a rich source of vitamin A, vitamin
1121:
food. The leaves and stems of young plants can be eaten, but must be cooked by boiling two or more times with the water drained and replaced each time. The leaves taste similar to spinach; the stems, similar to
1008:
Pokeweed poisoning was common in eastern North
America during the 19th century, especially from the use of tinctures as antirheumatic preparations and from ingestion of berries and roots that were mistaken for
2920:, Harold H. Lee; Peter C. Fraleigh & Lemma Aklilu, "Method of controlling zebra mussels with extract of Phytolacca dodecandra", published 1993-10-12, assigned to University of Toledo.
3413:
3000:
Edible and useful plants of the
Southwest : Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona : including recipes, teas and spices, natural dyes, medicinal uses, poisonous plants, fibers, basketry, and industrial
2335:
Report: Anne
Arundel Co., Offc. Planning and Zoning, Environmental and Special Projects Div., to Office of Coastal Resources Management, NOAA and State of Maryland Chesapeake Bay Critical Area Commission,
3295:
3265:
1126:. A 1917 article on edible weeds stated that pokeweed shoots were popular in Pennsylvania, "tied in small bundles, boiled the same way as asparagus, and served with cream sauce or melted butter."
662:. Pedicels without berries have a distinctive rounded five part calyx. Fruits are round with a flat indented top and bottom. Immature berries are green, turning white and then blackish purple.
503:
Pokeweeds reproduce only by their large, glossy black, lens-shaped seeds, which are contained in a fleshy, 10-celled, purple-to-near-black berry that has crimson juice. The flowers are
2488:
1136:
As late as the 1990s two companies commercially canned and sold pokeweed, but in 2000 the last one, the Allen
Canning Company of Siloam Springs, Arkansas, closed down its operation.
2289:
1622:
contains lectins known as
Pokeweed mitogen which are used to stimulate B-cell proliferation which is useful for B-cell assays, immunodeficiency diagnostic test, and immunotherapy.
2817:
368:, the Midwest, and the South, with more scattered populations in the far West where it was introduced. It is also naturalized in parts of Europe and Asia. It is considered a
628:. Leaves can reach 41 centimetres (16 inches) in length. Each leaf is entire. Leaves are medium green and smooth, with a distinct odor that many characterize as unpleasant.
4257:
1787:"Phytolacca americana (American Pokeweed, Common Pokeweed, Garnet, Pidgeon Berry, Poke, Pokeberry, Pokeweed, Scoke) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox"
1564:
3410:
697:
716:
1042:
respiration, convulsions and death from respiratory failure." If only small quantities are ingested, people and animals recover within one to two days.
2388:
982:
701:
689:
3197:
712:
705:
693:
3916:
492:, growing up to 2.5 metres (8 feet) in height over the course of a summer. One to several branches grow from the crown of a thick, white, fleshy
2165:
Woo, W.S., Kang, S.S., 1979. A new phenolic aldehyde from the seeds of phytolacca americana. Soul Taehakkyo Saengyak Yonguso Opjukjip 18, 30–31.
4262:
2945:
2428:
1063:
Some pokeweeds are grown as ornamental plants, mainly for their attractive berries. A number of cultivars have been selected for larger fruit
4141:
3991:
2592:
4009:
994:
Pokeweed is to be avoided during pregnancy and children consuming even one berry may require emergency treatment. The plant sap can cause
3577:
3231:
4102:
3395:(Peter A. G. M. Smet, Konstantin Keller, Rudolf Hänsel, & R. Frank Chandler, Eds.), Berlin:Springer Science & Business Media,
2845:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2664:
3854:
2809:
3929:
3867:
4027:
3407:
Find Support & Treatment; Treatments and Side Effects Complementary and Alternative Medicine; Herbs, Vitamins, and Minerals
2076:"Studies on the constituents of phytolaccaceous plants. I. On the structures of phytolaccasaponin B, E and G from the roots of
3170:
1855:
3957:
3476:
3440:
3049:
3009:
2850:
2731:
2704:
2247:
1964:
546:
1075:
Owen notes that "Indians and early settlers used the root in poultices and certain drugs for skin diseases and rheumatism."
4252:
4081:
3934:
2864:
940:). Small mammals apparently tolerant of its toxins include raccoon, opossum, red and gray fox, and the white-footed mouse.
4222:
2998:
4227:
3779:
2531:
1719:
4247:
3400:
568:
3104:"Poke Weed Mitogen Requires Toll-Like Receptor Ligands for Proliferative Activity in Human and Murine B Lymphocytes"
2386:, Gainesville, FL:Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Table 1, see
2177:"Poke Weed Mitogen Requires Toll-Like Receptor Ligands for Proliferative Activity in Human and Murine B Lymphocytes"
600:: Perennial herbaceous plant which can reach a height of 3 m (10 ft) but is usually 1.2 to 2 m (4 to
4166:
458:
name for the plant). Its berries were once used to make ink, hence its other sometimes-used common name, inkberry.
2251:
345:, as well as other birds and some small non-avian animals (i.e., for species that are unaffected by its mammalian
3996:
3903:
2633:
White-pink flowers appear in racemes from mid-summer to early autumn, followed by crimson-black berries in autumn
2342:
77:
3102:
Bekeredjian-Ding, Isabelle; Foermer, Sandra; Kirschning, Carsten J.; Parcina, Marijo; Heeg, Klaus (2012-01-04).
2175:
Bekeredjian-Ding, Isabelle; Foermer, Sandra; Kirschning, Carsten J.; Parcina, Marijo; Heeg, Klaus (2012-01-04).
4032:
3645:
2901:
550:
4120:
3978:
762:
and others. The leaves contain a number of common flavonols. Seeds of pokeweed contain the phenolic aldehyde
1804:
1560:
496:; Michael D. K. Owen describes the branches as "stout, smooth, green to somewhat purplish". Simple, entire
3836:
3810:
3552:
2805:
2780:
2392:
1762:
17:
3709:
442:
scale insect. The second denotes this plant as native to America. The common name "poke" is derived from
4128:
3684:
3543:
508:
3201:
3041:
2760:
4115:
3872:
3719:
1551:
92:
50:
3823:
3471:
Brennan Carley, 2014, "Foo Fighters Join Tony Joe White on Bluesy 'Polk Salad Annie' on 'Letterman',"
2917:
2748:
2669:(69th, July–Dec 1893 ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Crissy & Markley, Printers. 1858. p. 1561.
2497:
Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Species Bank, Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System
4019:
3952:
3506:
2949:
2028:
31:
2436:
4237:
295:
4071:
3970:
3369:
2131:"Flavonoids from the leaves of betalain-containing species, Phytolacca americana (Phytolaccaceae)"
2113:
Chinese Drugs of Plant Origin: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Use in Traditional and Modern Medicine
511:, white or green, with 4–5 sepals and no petals. The flowers develop in elongated clusters termed
4107:
3831:
3745:
2721:
2692:
1106:
1105:
and various skin conditions. While pokeweed has been subject to laboratory research, there is no
539:
4176:
3538:
2696:
2684:
2652:
2620:
2603:
2266:(Bailey, Bailey, et al., 1976, op. cit.) include: cancer jalap, oakum, garget, pocan, and scoke.
1837:
1823:
1609:. Early European settlers to North America would procure a fine red dye from the plant's roots.
1489:
352:
329:
which ripen through red to purple to almost black which are a food source for songbirds such as
3921:
3805:
3607:
3585:
2462:
1450:
3235:
3227:
The Annual Poke Salad Festival Association, Annual Poke Salad Festival, Blanchard, Louisiana,
2003:
1688:
1463:
196:
4058:
2382:
Donald W. Hall, 2015, "Giant woolly bear (larva), giant or great leopard moth (adult) ," at
3895:
3753:
3456:"Tony Joe White and Johnny Cash," performance, 1970, "Polk Salad (Poke Salit) Annie," from
3115:
2188:
2130:
1683:
1515:
1476:
1090:
951:
905:
390:
334:
4186:
1902:
1786:
8:
4242:
4066:
3564:
1956:
1563:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
1014:
394:
59:
4094:
3797:
3656:
3119:
2689:
American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies
2435:. Wooster, OH: Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC). Archived from
2240:
Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada,
2192:
1737:
589:
4194:
3818:
3146:
3103:
2211:
2176:
1502:
1430:
1239:
1094:
1082:
describes various folk medical uses that led individuals to ingest pokeberry products.
220:
87:
4146:
2972:
2238:
Bailey, L.H., Bailey, E.Z., and the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium, 1976,
4053:
3727:
3502:
3436:
3396:
3151:
3133:
3055:
3045:
3005:
2897:
2856:
2846:
2727:
2700:
2571:
2527:
2243:
2216:
2142:
1970:
1960:
1700:
1528:
1362:
913:
659:
634:: The flowers have 5 regular parts with upright stamens and are up to 5 millimetres (
455:
338:
2644:
John King, Harvey Wickes Felter & John Uri Lloyd, 1898, "Entry: Phytolacca," in
2365:
2301:
4199:
3732:
3174:
3141:
3123:
2756:
2563:
2206:
2196:
2091:
2053:
2000:
National Genetic Resources Program.Germplasm Resources Information Network – (GRIN)
1934:
Each flower has 10 stamens and a 10-cell pistil and gives rise to a 10-celled berry
1693:
1640:
820:
774:
763:
655:
398:
374:
3676:
4133:
4040:
3944:
3689:
3417:
3128:
2905:
2521:
2201:
1673:
965:
515:. The seeds have long viability, able to germinate after many years in the soil.
489:
382:
369:
302:
130:
4156:
3983:
961:
4232:
4089:
3666:
3584:. Weimar, Texas: Oakridge Ranch Wildlife Management Association. Archived from
3534:
3430:
2840:
2366:"Comparison of black bear diets in eastern Oklahoma across seasons and regions"
1636:
921:
739:
723:
504:
482:
342:
306:
163:
153:
117:
3519:
3465:
3450:
3423:
Tyler, V. E.; Brady, L. R. & Robbers, J. E., 1988, "Poisonous plants," in
3059:
2884:
Harold H. Lee, Lemma Aklilu, and Harriett J. Bennett, 1992, The use of Endod (
2554:
Lewis, W. H.; Smith, P. R. (December 1979). "Poke root herbal tea poisoning".
4216:
3784:
3630:
3137:
2567:
2146:
1974:
1678:
1657:
1297:
1195:
1050:
933:
896:
Pokeweed berries are reported to be a good food source for songbirds such as
873:
365:
235:
212:
3477:
Foo Fighters Join Tony Joe White on Bluesy 'Polk Salad Annie' on 'Letterman'
1605:
The toxic extract of ripe pokeweed berries can be processed to yield a pink
3155:
2860:
2389:"Giant woolly bear, great leopard moth - Hypercompe scribonia (Stoll 1790)"
2220:
1914:
Publication Pm-746 of the Iowa State University Extension Service, Ames, IA
1599:
1171:
897:
747:
581:
439:
410:
378:
330:
3490:
2916:
2896:
Thomas F. Nalepa & Don W. Schloesser, Eds., Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press,
2804:
2426:
1952:
Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods
1950:
1578:, vitamin C, vitamin K, and manganese. It contains low levels of vitamin B
3965:
3880:
3699:
3639:
2575:
1155:
1018:
727:
433:
4045:
3846:
3101:
2649:
2174:
2057:
1086:
extract was advertised as a prescription weight loss drug in the 1890s.
3859:
3373:
Oklahoma History Center's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.
2135:
Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series B, Botany
2096:
2075:
1379:
1345:
1305:
1118:
995:
877:
685:
553: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
486:
314:
299:
173:
3317:
3040:. Translated by Johann Reinhold Forster. London: T. Lowndes. pp.
2333:
Nancy L. Matthews, 1987, "Appendix F: Hab itat Assessment Manual," in
850:
Down there we have a plant that grows out in the woods, and the fields
845:. For example, used in Tony Joe White's 1968 song "Polk Salad Annie":
3885:
3792:
3766:
3427:, 9th ed. Philadelphia:Lea and Febiger, Chapter 15, pp. 438–455.
3344:
3032:
2002:, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, see
1647:, the cooked greens-like dish made from pokeweed. The lyrics include:
1408:
1395:
1293:
1133:
still celebrate the plant's use in its historical food preparations.
1123:
1102:
731:
431:
425:
309:. This pokeweed grows 1 to 3 metres (4 to 10 ft). It has simple
3601:
2040:
Kang, S.S. & Woo, W.S. (1980). "Triterpenes from the berries of
528:
4004:
3624:
3449:"Tony Joe White – Polk Salad Annie," performance, date unknown, at
3077:
1328:
755:
709:
625:
414:
406:
143:
3908:
3771:
3435:(2nd ed.). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 82ff.
1145:
Pokeberry shoots, drained after cooking by boiling (without salt).
474:
3740:
3258:"Poke Sallet Festival ['Browngrass will join them ... ']"
2523:
Effects of Herbal Supplements on Clinical Laboratory Test Results
1273:
1064:
1010:
946:
Pokeweed is used as a sometime food source by the larvae of some
759:
676:
512:
493:
402:
386:
326:
318:
3758:
2590:
2384:
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences: Featured creatures
1805:"Tropicos | Name - Phytolacca americana L. Var. Americana"
1302:
1034:
770:
651:
497:
322:
310:
1826:. Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California.
466:
1185:
1098:
1033:
If taken internally, pokeweed is a slow acting but a violent
1005:
If death occurs, it is usually due to respiratory paralysis.
881:
624:: The leaves are alternate with coarse texture with moderate
346:
104:
3575:
3294:(Online ed.). April 21, 2015. p. 3. Archived from
3264:(Online ed.). April 28, 2015. p. 4. Archived from
3004:(Revised ed.). University of Texas press. p. 257.
943:
Pokeweed is sometimes used as a food source by black bears.
880:, and the West Coast of the US. It is an introduced weed in
500:
with long petioles are alternately arranged along the stem.
3511:
The American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy
2309:
1613:
615:
3431:
Elvin-Lewis, Memory P. F.; Lewis, Walter Hepworth (2003).
2831:
2810:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
2073:
3200:. New York, NY: Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Archived from
2427:
John Cardina; Cathy Herms; Tim Koch; Ted Webster (2015).
2074:
Suga, Y.; Maruyama, Y.; Kawanishi, S.; Shoji, J. (1978).
1606:
1215:
1129:
The roots are poisonous, as are mature leaves and stems.
3576:
Kinneer, David & Burrows, Donna (October 30, 2013).
2941:
Practical Plants of New England (student project pages),
2312:
Natural Resources Conservation Service: PLANTS Database
1586:, iron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium.
893:
isolated plants in areas otherwise free from pokeweed.
27:
Species of flowering plant in the family Phytolaccaceae
2110:
2970:
1998:
USDA-ARS, 2015, "Taxon: Phytolacca americana L.," at
1738:"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species"
1651:
And in the fields looks somethin' like a turnip green
1097:
intended to treat a wide range of maladies including
1024:
2723:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America
4258:
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
3168:
2039:
1699:In Oklahoma, poke salad may be added to the annual
1109:that it has any beneficial effect on human health.
722:The roots also contain other triterpenoids such as
2842:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
2526:. Vol. 2, Patient Safety. Walter de Gruyter.
1900:
1856:"Phytolacca americana L. American Pokeweed Family"
981:Children may be attracted by clusters of berries.
746:-glucoside, as well as a similarly functionalized
381:, and it provokes interest for the variety of its
3466:Tony Joe White & Johnny Cash-Polk Salad Annie
2015:
2013:
2011:
1440:
1283:
983:Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
4214:
3162:
2519:
2329:
2327:
2128:
1616:often was coloured with juice from pokeberries.
1130:
1070:
3195:
2935:Pesha Black & Micah Hahn, 2004, "Pokeweed,
2460:
2124:
2122:
30:"Pokeweed" redirects here. For other uses, see
3501:
3381:
2798:
2638:
2591:Ogzewalla; Mossberg; Beck; Farrington (1962).
2456:
2454:
2429:"Entry: Common Pokeweed, Phytolacca americana"
2008:
1663:
1653:And everybody calls it polk salad, polk salad
1150:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
401:). In the wild, it is easily found growing in
3433:Medical Botany: Plants Affecting Human Health
2515:
2513:
2324:
2115:. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. p. 765.
1949:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) .
1944:
1942:
1940:
828:
2894:Zebra Mussels Biology, Impacts, and Control,
2119:
1948:
3533:
3345:"Harlan County Poke Sallet Festival – Home"
2451:
2069:
2067:
867:
2806:United States Food and Drug Administration
2553:
2510:
2486:
2234:
2232:
2230:
1937:
1712:
852:And it looks somethin' like a turnip green
754:-glucoside. Pokeweed berries also contain
742:-derivative, 6-palmytityl-α-spinasteryl-6-
68:
49:
3393:Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs, Volume 2
3337:
3145:
3127:
2593:"Studies on the Toxicity of Poke Berries"
2210:
2200:
2095:
2033:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1598:are being explored as a means to control
750:derivative, 6-palmityl-Δ7-stigmasterol-Δ-
569:Learn how and when to remove this message
3221:
3219:
2621:"Phytolacca americana American pokeweed"
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2064:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1625:
1049:
960:
675:
588:
580:
473:
465:
351:
2740:
2682:
2648:Cincinnati : Ohio Valley Co., see
2480:
2227:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
420:The first word in its scientific name,
14:
4215:
3598:Image of bluebird feeding on pokeweed.
3225:APSFA, 2015, "Schedule of Events," at
2678:
2676:
2433:Ohio Perennial and Biennial Weed Guide
2275:Further unlisted names that appear at
2262:Further unlisted names that appear in
1612:During the middle of the 19th century
4263:Cuisine of the Southern United States
3606:
3605:
3216:
2746:
2719:
2407:
2363:
1869:
1821:
236:
4020:2836e310-1338-4a78-a5e0-e591c2d2e920
3460:, episode no. 27, April 8, 1970, at
3076:1970. "Studies into the pigments in
3031:
2996:
2461:Jacob L. Heller (October 21, 2013).
1981:
1635:A 1969 hit written and performed by
680:Chemical structure of pokeberrygenin
650:: A shiny dark purple berry held in
585:A cluster of unripe pokeweed berries
551:adding citations to reliable sources
522:
385:(toxins and other classes), for its
3362:
3198:"Polk Salad Annie [Lyrics]"
2673:
2623:. Royal Horticultural Society. 2017
2129:Iwashina, T.; Kitajima, J. (2009).
684:The entire pokeweed plant contains
481:Pokeweed is a member of the family
24:
3517:
1078:The late 19th century herbal, the
1025:Symptoms and response to poisoning
593:A cluster of ripe pokeweed berries
25:
4274:
3483:
3451:Tony Joe White – Polk Salad Annie
3405:ACS, 2008, "Entry: Pokeweed," at
2747:Scott, Mrs. Anna B. (June 1917).
2666:The Medical and surgical reporter
2111:Tang, W.; Eisenbrand, G. (1992).
708:(in the berries), as well as the
438:—the scarlet dye secreted by the
4121:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:323290-2
3475:(online), October 16, 2014, see
2888:) to Control the Zebra Mussels (
2600:Proc. of the Okla. Acad. Of Sci.
1822:Oneto, Scott (August 15, 2018).
862:Tony Joe White, Polk Salad Annie
527:
325:are green to white, followed by
91:
3491:"Complete Pokeweed Information"
3310:
3280:
3250:
3189:
3095:
3066:
3025:
2990:
2964:
2929:
2910:
2892:), Chapter 37, pp. 643–656, in
2878:
2867:from the original on 2024-05-09
2820:from the original on 2024-03-27
2773:
2713:
2657:
2613:
2582:
2547:
2489:"All Plants (Scientific Name):
2376:
2357:
2347:
2294:
2269:
2256:
2168:
2159:
2104:
1928:
1117:Poke is a traditional southern
1058:
780:
538:needs additional citations for
3288:"Poke Sallet Festival Pageant"
2939:, Family: Phytolaccaceae," at
2749:"In These Days of High Prices"
2027:(organizational webpage), see
1848:
1838:"Pokeweed: A giant of a weed!"
1830:
1824:"Pokeweed: A giant of a weed!"
1815:
1797:
1779:
1755:
1730:
872:Pokeweed is native to eastern
829:
461:
405:, recently cleared areas, and
364:Pokeweed is native to eastern
13:
1:
2973:"Weed of the Month: Pokeweed"
2646:King's American Dispensatory,
2286:WebMD: Vitamin and Supplement
1706:
1589:
1080:King's American Dispensatory,
1071:Folk and alternative medicine
854:Everybody calls it polk salad
788:or pokeweed is also known as
518:
424:, comes from the Greek words
389:role, its historical role in
3171:"Tony Joe White – His Music"
3169:Doppelbauer, Martin (2008).
3129:10.1371/journal.pone.0029806
2755:. Vol. 34. p. 41.
2720:Smith, Andrew (2013-01-31).
2202:10.1371/journal.pone.0029806
1559:Percentages estimated using
1139:
1112:
968:defoliating poke weed leaves
719:B, E, and G (in the roots).
671:
432:
426:
313:on green to red or purplish
7:
4253:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3544:Kings American Dispensatory
3382:Further reading and viewing
3292:The Jackson County Sentinel
3262:The Jackson County Sentinel
2971:Brooklyn Botanical Garden.
2487:CBIF CPPIS (June 5, 2013).
2364:Najar, Jamie (2020-05-15).
1901:Michael D. K. Owen (1988).
1664:In local Southern festivals
1630:
1552:Link to USDA Database entry
972:
10:
4279:
4223:NatureServe secure species
2918:US application 5252330
1720:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
1054:Woman preparing poke salad
887:
393:, and for some utility in
29:
4228:Flora of Northern America
3614:
3582:Native Brush & Shrubs
3387:P.A.G.M. De Smet, 1993, "
2781:"Pokeweed: Prime Potherb"
2520:Amitava Dasgupta (2011).
1863:New York Botanical Garden
1558:
1548:
1540:
1527:
1514:
1501:
1488:
1475:
1462:
1449:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1407:
1394:
1378:
1361:
1344:
1327:
1292:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1252:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1184:
1168:
1164:
1160:84 kJ (20 kcal)
1154:
1149:
226:
219:
202:
195:
88:Scientific classification
86:
66:
57:
48:
41:
32:Pokeweed (disambiguation)
4248:Plants described in 1753
3578:"Pokeweed and Bluebirds"
3375:(retrieved 2 March 2010)
3196:White, Tony Joe (1969).
2753:The Ladies' Home Journal
2568:10.1001/jama.242.25.2759
2242:New York, NY:Macmillan,
1724:explorer.natureserve.org
1089:Pokeweed is promoted in
868:Distribution and habitat
356:American pokeweed (lat.
3324:. Gainesboro, Tennessee
2769:– via HathiTrust.
2761:2027/mdp.39015018052467
2693:American Cancer Society
2602:: 54–57. Archived from
2284:, 2015, "Pokeweed," at
1916:. Iowa State University
1763:"Flora of China online"
1561:US recommendations
1045:
950:species, including the
769:Pokeweed also contains
715:A, B, D, E, and G, and
305:in the pokeweed family
3565:"Phytolacca americana"
3557:Flora of North America
3553:"Phytolacca americana"
3539:"Phytolacca americana"
3507:"Phytolacca americana"
3495:Drugs.com professional
3479:, accessed 2 May 2015.
3468:, accessed 2 May 2015.
3453:, accessed 2 May 2015.
3420:, accessed 2 May 2015.
3349:Pokesalletfestival.xom
3318:"Poke Sallet Festival"
3247:, accessed 2 May 2015.
2961:, accessed 2 May 2015.
2907:, accessed 5 May 2015.
2654:, accessed 2 May 2015.
2404:, accessed 2 May 2–15.
2344:, accessed 2 May 2015.
2337:August 1987, 9 pages,
2306:L., American pokeweed"
2291:, accessed 2 May 2015.
2253:, accessed 2 May 2015.
2030:, accessed 2 May 2015.
2005:, accessed 2 May 2015.
1655:
1565:the National Academies
1055:
1039:
992:
969:
902:Dumetella carolinensis
865:
856:Now that's polk salad
700:(phytolaccinic acid),
681:
594:
586:
478:
471:
361:
3370:"Wild Onion Dinners."
2997:Tull, Delena (2013).
2886:Phytolacca dodecandra
2683:Ades TB, ed. (2009).
2019:Anon., 2015, "Entry:
1689:Gainesboro, Tennessee
1649:
1626:Cultural significance
1258:Vitamins and minerals
1053:
1031:
998:in sensitive people.
987:
964:
847:
679:
592:
584:
477:
469:
417:, and in wastelands.
397:(e.g., in studies of
355:
241:Tooltip Carl Linnaeus
4072:Phytolacca americana
4010:Phytolacca~americana
3824:Phytolacca americana
3720:phytolacca-americana
3646:Phytolacca americana
3616:Phytolacca americana
3588:on February 12, 2016
3389:Phytolacca americana
2937:Phytolacca americana
2890:Dreissena polymorpha
2491:Phytolacca americana
2463:"Pokeweed poisoning"
2304:Phytolacca americana
2078:Phytolacca americana
2042:Phytolacca americana
2021:Phytolacca americana
1959:. pp. 96, 267.
1905:Phytolacca americana
1684:Blanchard, Louisiana
1091:alternative medicine
956:Hypercompe scribonia
918:Cardinalis cardinals
906:northern mockingbird
841:, sometimes spelled
786:Phytolacca americana
698:phytolaccagenic acid
547:improve this article
422:Phytolacca americana
391:traditional medicine
358:Phytolacca americana
335:northern mockingbird
263:Phytolacca americana
206:Phytolacca americana
43:Phytolacca americana
3120:2012PLoSO...729806B
2193:2012PLoSO...729806B
2058:10.1021/np50010a013
2025:Plants For A Future
1809:Legacy.tropicos.org
1791:Plants.ces.ncsu.edu
1146:
1015:Jerusalem artichoke
938:Bombycilla cedrorum
876:, the Midwest, the
837:, or more commonly
395:biomedical research
231:Phytolacca decandra
60:Conservation status
3503:Ellingwood, Finley
3416:2015-05-02 at the
3411:ACS Pokeweed entry
3368:Milbauer, John A.
2097:10.1248/cpb.26.520
1701:wild onion dinners
1660:covered the song.
1594:Plant toxins from
1144:
1095:dietary supplement
1056:
970:
952:giant leopard moth
928:), mourning dove (
738:-glucoside, and a
734:, α-spinasteryl-β-
717:phytolaccasaponins
682:
595:
587:
509:radially symmetric
479:
472:
362:
317:and a large white
4210:
4209:
4054:Open Tree of Life
3608:Taxon identifiers
3442:978-0-471-62882-8
3051:978-0-665-51500-2
3011:978-0-292-74827-9
2852:978-0-309-48834-1
2733:978-0-19-973496-2
2706:978-0-944235-71-3
2556:J. Am. Med. Assoc
2248:978-0-02-505470-7
2084:Chem. Pharm. Bull
1966:978-1-4027-6715-9
1571:
1570:
1544:
1543:
914:northern cardinal
910:Mimus polyglottos
758:pigments such as
753:
745:
737:
654:clusters on pink
579:
578:
571:
485:, and is a large
339:northern cardinal
268:American pokeweed
259:
258:
248:Phytolacca rigida
188:P. americana
81:
16:(Redirected from
4270:
4203:
4202:
4190:
4189:
4180:
4179:
4170:
4169:
4160:
4159:
4150:
4149:
4137:
4136:
4124:
4123:
4111:
4110:
4098:
4097:
4085:
4084:
4075:
4074:
4062:
4061:
4049:
4048:
4036:
4035:
4023:
4022:
4013:
4012:
4000:
3999:
3987:
3986:
3984:NBNSYS0000014207
3974:
3973:
3961:
3960:
3948:
3947:
3938:
3937:
3925:
3924:
3912:
3911:
3899:
3898:
3889:
3888:
3876:
3875:
3863:
3862:
3850:
3849:
3840:
3839:
3827:
3826:
3814:
3813:
3801:
3800:
3788:
3787:
3775:
3774:
3762:
3761:
3749:
3748:
3736:
3735:
3723:
3722:
3713:
3712:
3703:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3680:
3679:
3670:
3669:
3660:
3659:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3572:
3560:
3548:
3530:
3524:
3514:
3498:
3458:Johnny Cash Show
3446:
3376:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3234:. Archived from
3223:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3173:. Archived from
3166:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3131:
3099:
3093:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2948:. Archived from
2933:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2908:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:. 31 August 2011
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2691:(2nd ed.).
2680:
2671:
2670:
2661:
2655:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2597:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2439:on 16 March 2015
2424:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2391:. Archived from
2380:
2374:
2373:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2298:
2292:
2273:
2267:
2260:
2254:
2236:
2225:
2224:
2214:
2204:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2037:
2031:
2017:
2006:
1996:
1979:
1978:
1946:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1911:
1898:
1867:
1866:
1860:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1742:Theplantlist.org
1734:
1728:
1727:
1716:
1694:Harlan, Kentucky
1641:Polk Salad Annie
1444:
1383:
1366:
1349:
1332:
1294:Vitamin A equiv.
1287:
1254:
1253:
1147:
1143:
1107:medical evidence
966:Japanese beetles
930:Zenaida macroura
863:
832:
831:
821:Chinese medicine
775:pokeweed mitogen
764:caffeic aldehyde
751:
743:
735:
643:
642:
638:
613:
612:
608:
605:
574:
567:
563:
560:
554:
531:
523:
470:Pokeweed berries
437:
429:
399:pokeweed mitogen
383:natural products
288:pigeonberry weed
266:, also known as
252:
244:
242:
238:
208:
96:
95:
75:
72:
71:
53:
39:
38:
21:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4238:Leaf vegetables
4213:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4198:
4193:
4185:
4183:
4175:
4173:
4165:
4163:
4155:
4153:
4145:
4140:
4132:
4127:
4119:
4114:
4106:
4101:
4093:
4088:
4080:
4078:
4070:
4065:
4057:
4052:
4044:
4041:Observation.org
4039:
4031:
4026:
4018:
4016:
4008:
4003:
3995:
3990:
3982:
3977:
3969:
3964:
3956:
3951:
3943:
3942:MichiganFlora:
3941:
3933:
3928:
3920:
3915:
3907:
3902:
3894:
3892:
3884:
3879:
3871:
3866:
3858:
3853:
3845:
3843:
3835:
3830:
3822:
3817:
3809:
3804:
3796:
3791:
3783:
3778:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3752:
3744:
3739:
3731:
3726:
3718:
3716:
3708:
3706:
3698:
3696:
3688:
3683:
3675:
3673:
3665:
3663:
3655:
3653:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3610:
3591:
3589:
3563:
3551:
3535:Lloyd, John Uri
3522:
3489:
3486:
3443:
3418:Wayback Machine
3384:
3379:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3327:
3325:
3322:Facebook Events
3316:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3299:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3230:
3224:
3217:
3207:
3205:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3167:
3163:
3100:
3096:
3071:
3067:
3052:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2944:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2883:
2879:
2870:
2868:
2853:
2836:
2832:
2823:
2821:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2788:
2785:Eattheweeds.com
2779:
2778:
2774:
2765:
2763:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2681:
2674:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2643:
2639:
2626:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2562:(25): 2759–60.
2552:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2518:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2459:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2425:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2381:
2377:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2332:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2302:"Plant Profile:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2274:
2270:
2261:
2257:
2237:
2228:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2149:
2127:
2120:
2109:
2105:
2072:
2065:
2038:
2034:
2018:
2009:
1997:
1982:
1967:
1947:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1899:
1870:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1820:
1816:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1769:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1674:Toccoa, Georgia
1666:
1652:
1633:
1628:
1592:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1554:
1549:
1535:
1522:
1509:
1496:
1483:
1470:
1457:
1445:
1415:
1402:
1389:
1381:
1373:
1364:
1356:
1347:
1339:
1330:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1300:
1288:
1259:
1248:
1243:
1224:
1219:
1180:
1175:
1142:
1115:
1073:
1061:
1048:
1027:
985:(OARDC) notes:
975:
926:Toxostoma rufum
890:
870:
864:
861:
858:
855:
853:
851:
823:, it is called
819:. When used in
783:
713:phytolaccasides
702:esculentic acid
690:phytolaccagenin
674:
640:
636:
635:
610:
606:
603:
601:
575:
564:
558:
555:
544:
532:
521:
490:perennial plant
464:
303:perennial plant
255:
250:
240:
233:
215:
210:
204:
191:
90:
82:
73:
69:
62:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4276:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4200:wfo-0000482062
4191:
4181:
4171:
4161:
4151:
4138:
4125:
4112:
4099:
4086:
4076:
4063:
4050:
4037:
4024:
4014:
4001:
3988:
3975:
3962:
3949:
3939:
3926:
3913:
3900:
3890:
3877:
3864:
3851:
3841:
3828:
3815:
3802:
3789:
3776:
3763:
3750:
3737:
3724:
3714:
3704:
3694:
3681:
3671:
3661:
3651:
3636:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3600:
3599:
3573:
3561:
3549:
3531:
3527:Materia Medica
3515:
3499:
3485:
3484:External links
3482:
3481:
3480:
3469:
3464:(online), see
3454:
3447:
3441:
3428:
3421:
3403:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3361:
3336:
3309:
3279:
3249:
3215:
3188:
3177:on May 3, 2015
3161:
3094:
3065:
3050:
3024:
3010:
2989:
2963:
2928:
2909:
2877:
2851:
2830:
2797:
2772:
2739:
2732:
2712:
2705:
2672:
2656:
2637:
2612:
2609:on 2018-12-19.
2581:
2546:
2533:978-3110245622
2532:
2509:
2479:
2450:
2406:
2375:
2356:
2346:
2323:
2293:
2268:
2255:
2226:
2167:
2158:
2118:
2103:
2063:
2032:
2007:
1980:
1965:
1936:
1927:
1868:
1847:
1829:
1814:
1796:
1778:
1754:
1729:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1665:
1662:
1637:Tony Joe White
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1591:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1141:
1138:
1131:Some festivals
1114:
1111:
1072:
1069:
1060:
1057:
1047:
1044:
1026:
1023:
974:
971:
922:brown thrasher
889:
886:
869:
866:
859:
848:
825:chuíxù shānglù
782:
779:
724:oleanolic acid
706:pokeberrygenin
694:jaligonic acid
673:
670:
577:
576:
559:September 2016
535:
533:
526:
520:
517:
483:Phytolaccaceae
463:
460:
430:('plant') and
413:such as along
343:brown thrasher
307:Phytolaccaceae
257:
256:
254:
253:
245:
227:
224:
223:
217:
216:
211:
200:
199:
193:
192:
185:
183:
179:
178:
171:
167:
166:
164:Phytolaccaceae
161:
157:
156:
154:Caryophyllales
151:
147:
146:
141:
134:
133:
128:
121:
120:
115:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
84:
83:
67:
64:
63:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4275:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4178:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4148:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3838:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3426:
3425:Pharmacognosy
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3401:3-642-48906-0
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3374:
3371:
3365:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3298:on 2015-05-05
3297:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3268:on 2015-05-05
3267:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3238:on 2015-03-25
3237:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3204:on 2016-03-04
3203:
3199:
3192:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3114:(1): e29806.
3113:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3082:Beta vulgaris
3079:
3075:
3069:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3013:
3007:
3003:
3002:
2993:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2952:on 2015-02-17
2951:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2919:
2913:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2834:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2735:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2708:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2677:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2634:
2622:
2616:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2535:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2514:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2483:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2455:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2395:on 2015-09-20
2394:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2297:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2265:
2259:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2187:(1): e29806.
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2162:
2148:
2144:
2141:(2): 99–104.
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2114:
2107:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1931:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1825:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1702:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:Arab, Alabama
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1661:
1659:
1658:Elvis Presley
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1600:zebra mussels
1597:
1587:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1539:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1368:
1360:
1353:
1351:
1346:Riboflavin (B
1343:
1336:
1334:
1326:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1298:beta-Carotene
1295:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1196:Dietary fiber
1193:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:Carbohydrates
1167:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1052:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1030:
1029:Owen states:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1003:
999:
997:
991:
986:
984:
979:
978:while green.
967:
963:
959:
957:
953:
949:
944:
941:
939:
935:
934:cedar waxwing
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
894:
885:
883:
879:
875:
874:North America
857:
846:
844:
840:
836:
826:
822:
818:
817:red ink plant
814:
810:
807:
803:
799:
798:Virginia poke
795:
791:
787:
778:
776:
772:
767:
765:
761:
757:
749:
741:
733:
729:
728:α-spinasterol
725:
720:
718:
714:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
678:
669:
667:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
633:
629:
627:
623:
619:
617:
599:
591:
583:
573:
570:
562:
552:
548:
542:
541:
536:This section
534:
530:
525:
524:
516:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
488:
484:
476:
468:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
435:
428:
423:
418:
416:
412:
411:edge habitats
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
367:
366:North America
359:
354:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:dragonberries
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:
249:
246:
239:
232:
229:
228:
225:
222:
218:
214:
209:
207:
201:
198:
197:Binomial name
194:
190:
189:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:Tracheophytes
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
94:
89:
85:
79:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3615:
3590:. Retrieved
3586:the original
3581:
3569:Hike Arizona
3568:
3556:
3542:
3526:
3510:
3494:
3472:
3461:
3457:
3432:
3424:
3406:
3392:
3388:
3372:
3364:
3352:. Retrieved
3348:
3339:
3326:. Retrieved
3321:
3312:
3300:. Retrieved
3296:the original
3291:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3266:the original
3261:
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3236:the original
3226:
3206:. Retrieved
3202:the original
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3175:the original
3164:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3073:
3068:
3036:
3027:
3017:23 September
3015:. Retrieved
2999:
2992:
2982:23 September
2980:. Retrieved
2976:
2966:
2954:. Retrieved
2950:the original
2940:
2936:
2931:
2912:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2869:. Retrieved
2841:
2833:
2822:. Retrieved
2813:
2800:
2789:. Retrieved
2784:
2775:
2764:. Retrieved
2752:
2742:
2722:
2715:
2688:
2665:
2659:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2625:. Retrieved
2615:
2604:the original
2599:
2584:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2537:. Retrieved
2522:
2500:. Retrieved
2496:
2490:
2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2466:
2441:. Retrieved
2437:the original
2432:
2397:. Retrieved
2393:the original
2383:
2378:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2338:
2334:
2314:. Retrieved
2303:
2296:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2264:Hortus Third
2263:
2258:
2239:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2161:
2150:. Retrieved
2138:
2134:
2112:
2106:
2090:(2): 520–5.
2087:
2083:
2077:
2052:(4): 510–3.
2049:
2046:J. Nat. Prod
2045:
2041:
2035:
2024:
2020:
1999:
1955:. New York:
1951:
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1913:
1904:
1862:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1770:, retrieved
1766:
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1741:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1698:
1667:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1643:", is about
1634:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1595:
1593:
1572:
1441:
1436:
1429:
1284:
1279:
1272:
1238:
1214:
1170:
1135:
1128:
1116:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1062:
1059:Horticulture
1040:
1032:
1028:
1007:
1004:
1000:
993:
988:
980:
976:
955:
947:
945:
942:
937:
929:
925:
917:
909:
901:
898:gray catbird
895:
891:
871:
849:
842:
838:
834:
824:
816:
812:
808:
806:pigeonberry,
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:
781:Common names
768:
748:stigmasterol
721:
683:
665:
664:
658:with a pink
647:
646:
631:
630:
621:
620:
597:
596:
565:
556:
545:Please help
540:verification
537:
502:
480:
451:
447:
443:
440:Kerria lacca
421:
419:
379:horticulture
370:pest species
363:
357:
331:gray catbird
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
261:
260:
247:
230:
205:
203:
187:
186:
174:
137:
124:
111:
42:
36:
18:Cancer jalap
4095:kew-2562777
3966:NatureServe
3881:iNaturalist
3640:Wikispecies
2977:www.bbg.org
2726:. OUP USA.
2695:. pp.
2627:16 November
2467:MedlinePlus
2316:16 November
1903:"Pokeweed (
1767:Efloras.org
1645:poke sallet
1582:, vitamin B
1329:Thiamine (B
1119:Appalachian
1019:horseradish
948:Lepidoptera
835:poke sallet
800:(or simply
686:triterpenes
462:Description
276:poke sallet
131:Angiosperms
78:NatureServe
4243:Phytolacca
4217:Categories
4174:WisFlora:
4090:Plant List
3707:Calflora:
3520:"Pokeweed"
3242:2015-05-03
3060:1083889360
3033:Kalm, Pehr
2956:2015-05-03
2946:"Pokeweed"
2902:0873716965
2871:2024-06-21
2824:2024-03-28
2791:2024-05-20
2766:2024-03-07
2685:"Pokeweed"
2399:2015-05-03
2288:(online),
2152:2020-10-18
2023:– L.," at
1707:References
1620:Phytolacca
1596:Phytolacca
1590:Other uses
1503:Phosphorus
1306:zeaxanthin
1084:Phytolacca
996:dermatitis
878:Gulf Coast
843:polk salad
839:poke salad
773:, such as
598:Plant Type
519:Morphology
487:herbaceous
409:openings,
387:ecological
375:ornamental
300:herbaceous
175:Phytolacca
3837:220010427
3811:220010427
3793:FloraBase
3717:Cal-IPC:
3232:"Maranto"
3138:1932-6203
2147:1881-9060
1975:244766414
1842:ANR Blogs
1772:15 August
1747:15 August
1516:Potassium
1490:Manganese
1477:Magnesium
1409:Vitamin K
1396:Vitamin C
1380:Vitamin B
1363:Niacin (B
1140:Nutrition
1124:asparagus
1113:Food uses
1103:arthritis
794:poke root
790:pokeberry
732:glucoside
672:Chemistry
456:Algonquin
454:(from an
452:poughkone
415:fencerows
296:poisonous
280:pokeberry
182:Species:
101:Kingdom:
4167:pokeweed
4154:VASCAN:
4005:NSWFlora
3971:2.132235
3922:10194579
3909:323290-2
3697:BioLib:
3625:Wikidata
3518:Felter.
3462:LiveLeak
3414:Archived
3156:22238657
3108:PLOS ONE
3086:vulgaris
3084:L. ssp.
3078:beetroot
3072:Nilsson
3038:subjects
3035:(1772).
2865:Archived
2861:30844154
2818:Archived
2808:(2024).
2221:22238657
2181:PLOS ONE
1957:Sterling
1631:In music
1497:0.336 mg
1437:Quantity
1431:Minerals
1390:0.111 mg
1280:Quantity
1274:Vitamins
1065:panicles
973:Toxicity
860:—
809:inkberry
756:betalain
740:palmityl
730:and its
710:saponins
688:such as
660:peduncle
656:pedicels
652:racemose
626:porosity
407:woodland
403:pastures
292:inkberry
272:pokeweed
221:Synonyms
160:Family:
144:Eudicots
3953:MoBotPF
3860:3084015
3741:Ecocrop
3631:Q157853
3354:5 April
3147:3251602
3116:Bibcode
2697:466–469
2370:Shareok
2212:3251602
2189:Bibcode
1451:Calcium
1357:0.25 mg
1340:0.07 mg
1322:1747 μg
1319:5200 μg
1240:Protein
1011:parsnip
932:), and
888:Ecology
813:redweed
771:lectins
760:betanin
639:⁄
632:Flowers
609:⁄
513:racemes
505:perfect
494:taproot
444:puccoon
327:berries
323:flowers
319:taproot
294:, is a
251:(Small)
170:Genus:
150:Order:
105:Plantae
76: (
74:Secure
4147:1962-2
4103:PLANTS
4059:216619
4017:NZOR:
3958:284958
3847:PHYAME
3844:FoIO:
3785:177870
3759:404121
3677:114915
3674:APDB:
3654:AoFP:
3592:May 3,
3439:
3409:, see
3399:
3391:," in
3328:May 2,
3302:May 2,
3272:May 2,
3208:May 2,
3181:May 2,
3154:
3144:
3136:
3074:et al.
3058:
3048:
3008:
2924:
2904:, see
2900:
2859:
2849:
2730:
2703:
2576:501875
2574:
2530:
2339:passim
2250:, see
2246:
2219:
2209:
2145:
1973:
1963:
1529:Sodium
1523:184 mg
1471:1.2 mg
1416:108 μg
1374:1.1 mg
1314:435 μg
1303:lutein
1186:Sugars
1156:Energy
1035:emetic
704:, and
622:Leaves
498:leaves
427:phyton
347:toxins
341:, and
321:. The
311:leaves
290:, and
4233:Herbs
4184:WoI:
4164:WiO:
4142:SANBI
4134:12895
4108:PHAM4
4079:PFI:
4028:NZPCN
3935:19523
3917:IRMNG
3893:IPA:
3886:48599
3873:28252
3819:FoAO2
3798:49271
3780:EUNIS
3772:PHTAM
3733:4HM9F
3700:38450
3690:98097
3664:APA:
3523:(PDF)
3090:rubra
3088:var.
3042:74-75
2607:(PDF)
2596:(PDF)
2539:2 May
2502:2 May
2472:2 May
2443:2 May
2282:WebMD
2277:WebMD
1920:2 May
1910:(PDF)
1859:(PDF)
1536:18 mg
1510:33 mg
1484:14 mg
1458:53 mg
1403:82 mg
1247:2.3 g
1223:0.4 g
1200:1.5 g
1190:1.6 g
1179:3.1 g
1099:mumps
1093:as a
1017:, or
882:Japan
648:Fruit
450:, or
448:pocan
434:lacca
315:stems
138:Clade
125:Clade
112:Clade
4187:1545
4177:4491
4157:7157
4116:POWO
4067:PfaF
4046:7179
4033:3034
3997:3527
3992:NCBI
3945:1915
3930:ITIS
3904:IPNI
3896:6167
3868:GRIN
3855:GBIF
3767:EPPO
3746:8566
3710:6491
3685:APNI
3667:2835
3657:3668
3594:2015
3473:Spin
3437:ISBN
3397:ISBN
3356:2016
3330:2015
3304:2015
3274:2015
3210:2015
3183:2015
3152:PMID
3134:ISSN
3092:L.)"
3056:OCLC
3046:ISBN
3019:2017
3006:ISBN
3001:uses
2984:2017
2943:see
2898:ISBN
2857:PMID
2847:ISBN
2728:ISBN
2701:ISBN
2651:and
2629:2017
2572:PMID
2541:2015
2528:ISBN
2504:2015
2474:2015
2445:2015
2372:: 6.
2354:cit.
2341:see
2318:2017
2310:USDA
2244:ISBN
2217:PMID
2143:ISSN
1971:OCLC
1961:ISBN
1922:2015
1907:L.)"
1774:2015
1749:2015
1614:wine
1464:Iron
1046:Uses
830:垂序商陸
802:poke
666:Root
616:pith
4195:WFO
4129:RHS
4082:561
3979:NBN
3832:FoC
3806:FNA
3754:EoL
3728:CoL
3229:at
3142:PMC
3124:doi
2814:FDA
2757:hdl
2564:doi
2560:242
2207:PMC
2197:doi
2092:doi
2054:doi
2044:".
1639:, "
1607:dye
1495:15%
1442:%DV
1414:90%
1401:91%
1355:19%
1317:48%
1312:48%
1285:%DV
1216:Fat
958:).
920:),
912:),
904:),
815:or
804:),
766:.
549:by
377:in
349:).
4219::
4197::
4144::
4131::
4118::
4105::
4092::
4069::
4056::
4043::
4030::
4007::
3994::
3981::
3968::
3955::
3932::
3919::
3906::
3883::
3870::
3857::
3834::
3821::
3808::
3795::
3782::
3769::
3756::
3743::
3730::
3687::
3642::
3627::
3580:.
3567:.
3555:.
3541:.
3537:.
3525:.
3509:.
3505:.
3493:.
3347:.
3320:.
3290:.
3260:.
3218:^
3150:.
3140:.
3132:.
3122:.
3110:.
3106:.
3054:.
3044:.
2975:.
2863:.
2855:.
2816:.
2812:.
2783:.
2751:.
2699:.
2687:.
2675:^
2631:.
2598:.
2570:.
2558:.
2512:^
2495:.
2465:.
2453:^
2431:.
2409:^
2368:.
2326:^
2308:.
2229:^
2215:.
2205:.
2195:.
2183:.
2179:.
2139:35
2137:.
2133:.
2121:^
2088:26
2086:.
2082:.
2080:L"
2066:^
2050:43
2048:.
2010:^
1983:^
1969:.
1939:^
1912:.
1871:^
1861:.
1840:.
1807:.
1789:.
1765:,
1740:.
1722:.
1703:.
1602:.
1534:1%
1521:6%
1508:3%
1482:3%
1469:7%
1456:4%
1388:7%
1372:7%
1338:6%
1101:,
1067:.
1021:.
1013:,
884:.
811:,
796:,
792:,
777:.
726:,
696:,
692:,
618:.
507:,
446:,
337:,
333:,
298:,
286:,
282:,
278:,
274:,
270:,
237:L.
213:L.
140::
127::
114::
3596:.
3571:.
3559:.
3547:.
3529:.
3513:.
3497:.
3445:.
3358:.
3332:.
3306:.
3276:.
3245:.
3212:.
3185:.
3158:.
3126::
3118::
3112:7
3080:(
3062:.
3021:.
2986:.
2959:.
2874:.
2827:.
2794:.
2759::
2736:.
2709:.
2578:.
2566::
2543:.
2506:.
2493:"
2476:.
2447:.
2402:.
2320:.
2223:.
2199::
2191::
2185:7
2155:.
2100:.
2094::
2060:.
2056::
1977:.
1924:.
1865:.
1844:.
1811:.
1793:.
1751:.
1726:.
1584:6
1580:1
1576:2
1574:B
1567:.
1382:6
1367:)
1365:3
1350:)
1348:2
1333:)
1331:1
954:(
936:(
924:(
916:(
908:(
900:(
827:(
752:D
744:D
736:D
641:4
637:1
611:2
607:1
604:+
602:6
572:)
566:(
561:)
557:(
543:.
360:)
243:)
234:(
80:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
