542:
214:
30:
225:
526:
446:
136:
1132:. However, as effective allies against the growing Nationalist movement, there was a degree of collaboration and exchange of ideas between the remaining Cape liberals and the growing Black African liberation movements, especially in the early years of the struggle. Thus while the Cape liberals' own role became less relevant in the direction of the liberation movement, their non-racial values were successfully propagated by the political ancestors of the ANC, and came to reside at the centre of South Africa's post-Apartheid Constitution.
2055:
4781:
2702:
124:
389:
175:, genuinely seemed to believe that it was the only fair way to run a society, and that racial distinctions counted as unjust discrimination. In 1838, it had already been ruled in the Cape Colony that the law was not to discriminate on the basis of race or colour. On the other hand, there was an additional pragmatic motivation, in that enfranchising the non-white population was seen as a way to bring peace to the
622:" voters. The white share of the vote was further augmented by the enfranchising of white women, as this was not extended to Black African or Coloured women. The result was a system in the Cape whereby the white population enjoyed universal adult franchise while the non-white population was still restricted by sex-, education-, and wealth-based qualifications.
495:
poorer Black and
Coloured voting blocks suffered disproportionately. (Simons & Simons 1969: 50). The act also added an educational qualification, namely that voters needed to be literate. This was intended to disenfranchise the Cape's Xhosa electorate as, coming from a culture with an oral tradition, the majority of Xhosa voters were as yet illiterate.
201:
the time. In fact, it was widely considered to be excessively low, and there were several political movements that tried to have it raised. The system was known as the "£25 vote". Decades later, literacy was added as an additional criterion to qualify for suffrage. The existence of voter qualifications was a standard feature of early democracies, and
442:("Sew up the mouth"), and responded by greatly intensifying their efforts to register the many thousands of rural Blacks who nonetheless still qualified as potential voters, but who had yet to register. Through their efforts, the number of active Black voters reached its former level again by 1891, and continued to climb.
588:, fought unsuccessfully to have this multi-racial franchise system extended to the rest of South Africa. The attempt failed in the face of opposition from the white governments of the other constituent states, which were determined to entrench white rule. The final version of the South Africa Act permitted the
194:
Why should you fear the exercise of franchise? This is a delicate question but it must be touched upon. I do not hesitate to say that I would rather meet the
Hottentot at the hustings, voting for his representative, than in the wilds with his gun upon his shoulder. Is it not better to disarm them by
1116:
The values of the early Cape constitution, of which the Cape
Qualified Franchise was merely a result, became known in later years as the Cape Liberal tradition. After the fall of the Cape's political system, the severely weakened movement survived as an increasingly liberal, local opposition against
281:
were founded, which assisted with political mobilisation. Overall the Cape's Black electorate grew rapidly during the 1870s, especially in urban areas. In addition, traditional Xhosa forms of communal land tenure were fully recognised by the Cape government. This made the parties in such traditional
200:
A minimum property ownership of £25 qualified the male Cape citizen to vote or to stand in parliament. As this included all forms of property ownership, including traditional
African communal land tenure, it was very low, relative to the suffrage qualifications that applied elsewhere in the world at
494:
of 1892 got around this by raising the franchise qualifications, from the very low £25, to the significantly higher £75, disenfranchising the poorest classes of all race groups, but affecting a disproportionately large percentage of Black voters. Thus while some poor whites lost the vote, the even
262:
The new ministry held the non-racial nature of its institutions to be one of its core ideals, and enshrined it into its new constitution. The commitment to treat Black
African and Coloured people as "fellow subjects with white men" was explicitly reaffirmed by the new government, which struck down
617:
was passed by
Parliament to slowly erode the remaining colour-blind voters roll. The 1929 and 1930 extensions of white voting rights were not granted to the non-white majority of the population. In 1931, the restricting franchise qualifications were removed for white voters, but kept in place for
400:
The low wealth qualification of the "£25 vote" meant that nearly all owners of any form of property could vote. In addition, the Cape's liberal laws recognised traditional Black land tenure and communal property rights, making such forms of ownership equally valid as voter qualifications. However
404:
During the late 19th century, as an increasing number of Black South
Africans living in the Cape exercised their voting rights, the pro-imperialist white political bloc in the Eastern Cape led by Rhodes and Jameson moved to roll back the political rights granted to the Black inhabitants in the
471:
was concerned that, as more and more Black men exercised their constitutional right to vote, many Cape constituencies were becoming controlled by the Black vote. He had earlier voiced his views on Black political empowerment in a speech in the Cape
Parliament in June 1887 in which he stated:
425:
passed it to prevent communal/tribal land-owners from voting and thus to disenfranchise a large proportion of the Cape's Black citizens who implemented traditional forms of land ownership. This was intended to counter the growing number and influence of Black voters, especially in the
476:"My motto is equal rights for every civilized man south of the Zambezi. What is a civilized man? It is a man who has sufficient education to write his name, and has some property or works, not a loafer. We will treat the Natives as long as they remain in a state of barbarism".
1300:
401:
originally the bulk of the Black population did not exercise their suffrage, partially because most lived in the rural frontier mountains where lack of infrastructure and information made it rare for Blacks to register or to travel to the widely dispersed voting stations.
430:
where Sprigg's home constituency was. The act was justifiably controversial and faced fierce opposition in parliament. The Cape's constitution forbade discrimination on the basis of race, and many liberal MPs argued that this act was simply disguised discrimination.
516:
in 1894 and stipulated a system of individual land holding for Black areas. It also complemented Sprigg's earlier discriminatory legislation by completely excluding property held under this new "Glen Grey title" as a voting qualification. (Davenport 1987: 108).
195:
granting them the privileges of the constitution? If you now blast all their hopes and tell them they shall not fight their battles constitutionally, do not you yourselves apply to them the stimulus to fight their battles unconstitutionally?
1304:
592:
to keep a restricted version of its traditional franchise, whereby qualifications limited the suffrage of all citizens according to education and wealth. This led to the Cape being the only province in South Africa where
537:
on Union was held, only "22,784 Native and
Coloured persons out of a total of 152,221 electors" were entitled to vote in Cape elections, even though the franchise system was, at least in principle, still non-racial.
600:
However, according to the Act, Parliament was given the power to change the Cape's voting requirements by a two-thirds vote. Overall the Act did little to protect black
Africans, and ultimately enabled the later
1124:
Principles such as a colour-blind political system, enforceable civil rights and an independent judiciary (as well as a growing belief in gender equality) became central features of this political tradition.
37:
in 1854. The new constitution barred discrimination on the basis of race or colour and, in principle at least, the Parliament and other government institutions at the time were explicitly colour-blind.
1128:
In their fight against Apartheid, the remaining proponents were progressively sidelined as organisations that more fully represented the Black African majority took the lead in the struggle for
481:"The native is to be treated as a child and denied the franchise. We must adopt a system of despotism, such as works in India, in our relations with the barbarism of South Africa"
205:
was virtually unknown in the world at the time. However while the Cape shared these restrictive features, its explicitly colour-blind political system was unusually inclusive.
159:
There were a range of motivations for the creation of this early non-racial political system. Many powerful members of the Cape's political elite in the 1850s, leaders such as
4590:
724:
2738:
259:. It also stimulated a new political awareness among Cape residents of all backgrounds, with the most notable immediate growth being in Black political consciousness.
3368:
1981:
541:
236:
633:, three white members were elected to represent black voters in the province, with the voters' roll being limited to only 11 000. These seats were later abolished.
2659:
1097:. Coloured electors complying with qualifications were subsequently given four white MPs between 1958 and 1970. These seats were abolished in 1968 through the
668:
4157:
1568:
1098:
277:
112:
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and social harmony to its cities. As such, political inclusiveness was also seen as a way of pre-empting and forestalling black resistance in the future.
2664:
1643:
3615:
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597:(mixed-race people) and Black Africans could vote. The act also permitted the Parliament of South Africa to prescribe all other voting qualifications.
4760:
4694:
731:
359:
However the Western Cape's predominantly English-speaking political elite was still strongly in favour of the "£25 vote", with many liberals such as
4767:
2302:
251:
of the state's government under local control, made the Executive democratically accountable (or "responsible" as it was known), and thus gave the
4262:
3535:
3326:
2731:
2197:
1026:
764:
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began the habit of disparagingly labelling MLAs who were elected by the Cape Coloured electorate as "Malays", regardless of their own ethnicity.
3033:
4820:
4576:
4555:
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3333:
2241:
793:
780:
777:
767:
752:
749:
739:
697:
4178:
3528:
2345:
1974:
1160:
2034:
452:, as Prime Minister, did much to roll back the effects of the Cape Qualified Franchise and disenfranchise the Cape's Black African citizens.
4094:
4010:
3465:
3444:
2286:
2066:
92:
1511:
4548:
3414:
3375:
1086:
108:
4815:
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4227:
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3204:
2724:
1108:
This erased the last remnant of the Cape Qualified Franchise, and thus of any political representation for non-whites in South Africa.
889:
884:
4611:
4472:
4395:
3685:
2644:
2153:
1209:
802:
4753:
4541:
4276:
3608:
2639:
2278:
1967:
17:
4534:
4381:
4339:
4087:
3968:
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3024:
2335:
2161:
1636:
421:
This bill excluded "tribal forms of tenure from the property qualifications for the vote" (Davenport 1987: 108). Prime Minister
4632:
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3312:
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3167:
2462:
1274:
927:
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921:
918:
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912:
909:
702:
614:
152:
The Cape Qualified Franchise first appeared in 1853, when the Cape Colony received representative government and elected its
4805:
4722:
4513:
4423:
4045:
2235:
1485:
1093:, and not completely enforced until the later 1950s, the last year to see non-whites participate in a general election was
76:
1445:
1431:
1365:
1182:
4659:
4604:
4520:
4367:
4031:
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3231:
2323:
1094:
1090:
630:
153:
104:
88:
34:
4618:
4583:
4527:
4052:
4017:
3706:
3155:
3144:
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2258:
2203:
1629:
839:
811:
785:
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719:
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534:
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peasant farmers as voters, with early, mission-educated Xhosa activists at the forefront. Educational associations and
80:
61:. Qualifications for the right to vote at parliamentary elections were applied equally to all men, regardless of race.
224:
4402:
4269:
4248:
4206:
3748:
3421:
2706:
2689:
2382:
2253:
1338:
1058:
372:
183:
172:
4332:
4171:
3340:
3254:
3197:
2397:
2229:
1543:
663:
256:
96:
64:
This local system of multi-racial suffrage was later gradually restricted, and eventually abolished, under various
282:
property arrangements fully eligible as voters. Consequently, the first Black African political groupings such as
213:
156:. This was done without regard to race, and a non-racial voters roll became part of the Cape's 1853 Constitution.
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4325:
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3347:
3291:
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2098:
406:
317:
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3500:
2009:
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elite was the origin of what became known as the "Cape Liberal Tradition" and also formed the core of the later
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opposition motions to restrict voting qualifications in 1874, and again in 1878. Campaigns also began in the
84:
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As in 1887, the act faced strong opposition from parliamentary defenders of the original Cape constitution.
4729:
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4297:
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2273:
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2103:
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2004:
1301:"Lodge de Goede Hoop and the Cape House of Assembly | Grand Lodge of South Africa – Southern Division"
1031:
991:
648:
3514:
29:
4666:
4569:
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4353:
4199:
3558:
2679:
2649:
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2487:
685:
69:
529:
The percentage of non-white voters by electoral district in the Cape Colony in 1908 on the eve of Union.
490:" constitution still explicitly prohibited any discrimination on the basis of race or colour. Rhodes's
135:
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3521:
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3176:
3075:
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2143:
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1948:
996:
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131:, politician, educator and one of the principal architects of the Cape's first, non-racial constitution
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3650:
3601:
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3040:
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2340:
2318:
2308:
2093:
1006:
900:
825:
818:
602:
396:, whose government imposed the first serious legal restrictions on the multi-racial franchise in 1887
160:
128:
2054:
1085:
Similarly the coloured voters in Cape Province were removed from the common/general roll, under the
4492:
3755:
3407:
2654:
2629:
2417:
2297:
2214:
2118:
1990:
984:
772:
554:
525:
491:
462:
4129:
4024:
3891:
3741:
3622:
3354:
3137:
3047:
2669:
2499:
2019:
3699:
3664:
2866:
2442:
2171:
2029:
1919:
1016:
832:
487:
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240:
143:, liberal statesman, writer of the Cape Constitution and a proponent of the Qualified Franchise
1518:
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4164:
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3458:
3238:
3151:
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2766:
2614:
2599:
2407:
2313:
2088:
1925:
1693:
1129:
873:
581:
575:
546:
325:
58:
348:
which also had mixed opinions about African franchise. Right wing media outlets such as the
3982:
3868:
3636:
3572:
3305:
3068:
3061:
3013:
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2559:
1713:
248:
1213:
8:
4437:
4409:
4283:
3801:
3794:
3727:
3692:
3643:
3123:
2930:
2552:
2432:
2377:
2355:
2083:
2024:
1769:
1683:
1011:
1001:
562:
364:
202:
73:
1615:. The Societies of Southern Africa in the 19th &20th Centuries. Vol. I, 10 (1969–70)
235:
In spite of its elected legislature, the Cape was still under the direct control of the
3130:
2531:
2505:
1573:
1151:
846:
4715:
4701:
4038:
3854:
3678:
3268:
2858:
2788:
2604:
2524:
1793:
1751:
1270:
1146:
966:
550:
2716:
2014:
4639:
4003:
3713:
3493:
3183:
2938:
2906:
2842:
2634:
2493:
2330:
2209:
1823:
1787:
1775:
585:
187:
140:
1621:
533:
The successive restrictions of the preceding decades meant that by 1908, when the
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3875:
3769:
3437:
3361:
3282:
3006:
2890:
2882:
2874:
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2594:
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2447:
2402:
2363:
2292:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1763:
736:
558:
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2219:
2133:
1871:
1835:
1673:
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The Making of a Racist State: British Imperialism and the Union of South Africa
549:
for the multi-racial franchise. Present are prominent Cape politicians such as
345:
272:
1600:
The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry: A Critique and Reassessment.
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2138:
1155:
1102:
626:
589:
422:
410:
393:
302:
290:
54:
2387:
182:
When queried by worried white voters on the issue of black citizens voting,
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2624:
1959:
1931:
1739:
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164:
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1757:
1409:
1355:
Macmillan, W.M.: The Cape Colour Question. London: Faber and Gwyer, 1927.
1231:
790:
314:
289:
This renewed commitment to non-racial government was not unopposed. Some
252:
50:
1547:
297:
felt threatened by it, and their parliamentary representatives, such as
4458:
3996:
3109:
3054:
2914:
2898:
1895:
1829:
1817:
853:
694:
337:
176:
1486:"EISA South Africa: White domination and Black resistance (1881–1948)"
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123:
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Promise and Despair: The First Struggle for a Non-racial South Africa
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to gradually whittle away and eventually abolish the Cape franchise.
507:
368:
329:
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4185:
3830:
2954:
2811:
1889:
1865:
1726:
1663:
1366:"1887. Cape Parliamentary Registration Act – The O'Malley Archives"
619:
594:
100:
46:
3095:
1901:
1589:, pp 101–109 (for the details of the native representative seats)
691:
231:, strongest proponent of the franchise through the 1860s and 70s.
3822:
2978:
2757:
1883:
1859:
1853:
1668:
1432:"1892. Cape Franchise & Ballot Act – The O'Malley Archives"
220:, first Prime Minister and a fierce proponent of non-racialism.
2970:
1877:
1089:. Although as the Act was challenged in what is known as the
416:
87:
voters were then removed from the common voters' rolls and
520:
413:, began enacting legislation to curb Black voting rights.
286:("Unity is Strength") also had their origins in this era.
1197:
Ethnic Pride and Racial Prejudice in Victorian Cape Town
305:, consequently pushed for the disenfranchising of their
1395:. Trenton, N.J. : Africa World Press, 1996. p.108.
456:
1544:"EISA South Africa: Historical franchise arrangements"
669:
List of acts of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament
629:
still remained on the common voters' roll. Under the
625:
By 1937, only a small number of black Africans in the
2746:
1288:
John X. Merriman: paradoxical South African statesman
1099:
Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act, 1968
81:
property qualifications for white voters were removed
584:
on Union, the last Cape Prime Minister, the liberal
243:" under the leadership of its first Prime Minister,
1651:
1473:
Selections from the Correspondence of J.X. Merriman
147:
512:The Glen Grey Act was passed by the government of
1602:Journal of Southern African Studies, XI, 1. 1984.
1183:"1853. Cape Constitution – The O'Malley Archives"
545:The Cape opposition delegation which lobbied the
4797:
2303:People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty
208:
3536:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
2198:Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa
971:
118:
1382:. Harare: Harare Publishing House, 1982. p.15.
569:
483:(Magubane 1996, citing Verschoyle 1900:450).
255:a degree of legislative independence from the
2732:
1975:
1637:
1446:"1894. Glen Grey Act – The O'Malley Archives"
1406:"The Struggle for Liberation in South Africa"
1228:"The Struggle for Liberation in South Africa"
1161:Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era
1111:
1066:
1989:
1613:The Cape Liberal Tradition – Myth or Reality
1488:. Eisa.org.za. 10 March 2010. Archived from
2242:South African Liberal Students' Association
1087:Separate Representation of Voters Act, 1951
501:
405:colony. After coming to power, the nascent
2739:
2725:
1982:
1968:
1644:
1630:
1073:
1059:
890:List of municipalities in the Western Cape
580:During the negotiations which drafted the
417:Cape Parliamentary Registration Act (1887)
1117:the Apartheid government of the dominant
363:even supporting its expansion into total
3609:Reconstruction and Development Programme
540:
524:
444:
387:
378:
239:, until 1872, when the colony attained "
223:
212:
197:(quoted in Simons and Simons, 1983: 23)
134:
122:
28:
3205:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
1210:"Mbeki: Address to Scottish Parliament"
1199:Cambridge University Press. 2003. p.26.
641:This article is part of a series on the
521:Union and the Cape Province (1910–1937)
267:frontier region, to register the rural
14:
4798:
3686:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
1380:What Rhodes really said about Africans
1290:. Johannesburg: Ad.Donker, 1982. p.55.
1101:, enacted on behalf of Prime Minister
409:, led by Rhodes and fellow politician
89:allowed only to elect separate members
33:Engraving of the first opening of the
4821:Political terminology in South Africa
2720:
1963:
1625:
1303:. Freemasonrysd.co.za. Archived from
786:Chief Whip of the Official Opposition
383:
2236:People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
1328:. Cape Town. 20 February 1874. p.30.
457:Cape Franchise and Ballot Act (1892)
3616:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
3262:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
2324:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
1512:"The South African Legal Structure"
1475:. Cape Town: Van Riebeek Soc. 1963.
1091:Coloured vote constitutional crisis
631:Representation of Natives Act, 1936
24:
2259:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
2204:Congress of South African Students
2053:
328:. In addition, the predominantly
320:, which later came to power under
25:
4837:
4816:Political history of South Africa
4768:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
4403:South African Party (Cape Colony)
725:The Seventh Provincial Parliament
608:
4780:
4779:
2701:
2700:
2494:"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)
2230:Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
1460:The life of John Xavier Merriman
1256:. New Africa Books. 2011. p 171.
760:Chief Whip of the Majority Party
336:began to see the birth of rural
148:Representative government (1853)
4417:South African Party (1977–1980)
4410:South African Party (1911–1934)
4326:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
4123:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
2248:South African Students Congress
1652:Other South African governments
1605:
1592:
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1254:Cape Town: The Making of a City
3735:2019 service delivery protests
3721:#FeesMustFall student protests
3466:1983 constitutional referendum
2162:South Africa political parties
1587:The South African Constitution
1319:
1293:
1280:
1259:
1246:
1220:
1202:
1189:
1175:
1142:Eastern Cape Separatist League
311:Eastern Cape Separatist League
13:
1:
4193:Johannesburg Reform Committee
3422:Israel–South Africa Agreement
2815:
2800:
2777:
2770:
2398:(Don't) touch me on my studio
2254:South African Wine Initiative
1730:
1717:
1704:
1697:
1546:. Eisa.org.za. Archived from
1462:, Richard R. Smith Inc, 1930.
1212:. Info.gov.za. Archived from
1168:
1022:Politics of the Northern Cape
275:political newspapers such as
209:Responsible government (1872)
45:was the system of non-racial
4826:Election law in South Africa
4811:20th century in South Africa
3848:Black Consciousness Movement
3602:Government of National Unity
2346:Unemployed Peoples' Movement
2192:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
1408:. Anc.org.za. Archived from
1341:. Ancestry24. Archived from
1230:. Anc.org.za. Archived from
1032:Politics of the Western Cape
992:Politics of the Eastern Cape
119:Provisions and early history
7:
4806:Politics of the Cape Colony
3559:Saint James Church massacre
3445:Weapons of mass destruction
2574:No Land! No House! No Vote!
2488:No Land! No House! No Vote!
1269:. Jacana, Cape Town. 2016.
1135:
570:The South Africa Act (1909)
49:that was adhered to in the
10:
4842:
3299:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
3177:South West Africa campaign
3076:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
3041:French Huguenot settlement
1378:Stanlake J.W.T. Samkange:
1112:The Cape liberal tradition
997:Politics of the Free State
613:Over the following years,
573:
547:London Convention on Union
505:
460:
91:in 1936, and subsequently
57:in the early years of the
4777:
4754:African National Congress
4743:
4649:
4482:
4214:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
3937:
3928:
3786:
3582:
3552:1992 apartheid referendum
3221:
3166:
3085:
3023:
2996:
2989:
2755:
2698:
2587:
2514:
2472:
2371:
2354:
2341:Treatment Action Campaign
2319:Landless Peoples Movement
2287:South Africa trade unions
2272:
2169:
2152:
2076:
2065:
2051:
1997:
1946:
1657:
1007:Politics of KwaZulu-Natal
486:However the Cape's 1872 "
313:gradually became the pro-
93:denied all representation
4207:Labour Party (1969–1994)
4200:Labour Party (1910–1958)
3756:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
3714:#RhodesMustFall protests
3313:1960 republic referendum
2660:Political assassinations
2336:Social Justice Coalition
2298:Mandela Park Backyarders
1991:Politics of South Africa
1932:Republic of South Africa
1914:Cape Qualified Franchise
885:Administrative divisions
773:Leader of the Opposition
502:The Glen Grey Act (1894)
492:Franchise and Ballot Act
463:Franchise and Ballot Act
43:Cape Qualified Franchise
18:Cape qualified franchise
4652:terrorist organisations
3742:2019 Johannesburg riots
3355:Constructive engagement
3320:International isolation
3138:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
2500:One Settler, One Bullet
1569:Natives in South Africa
1195:Vivian Bickford-Smith:
720:Western Cape Parliament
247:. This act brought all
77:women were enfranchised
3665:Attack on Kennedy Road
3276:Congress of the People
2867:South African Republic
2458:Anti-Chinese sentiment
2443:White monopoly capital
2309:Poor People's Alliance
2059:
1920:South African Republic
1027:Politics of North West
1017:Politics of Mpumalanga
972:Cape Liberal Tradition
566:
530:
488:responsible government
453:
397:
241:responsible government
232:
221:
144:
132:
38:
4235:Natal Indian Congress
3955:Afrikaner Broederbond
3809:Afrikaner nationalism
3595:1994 general election
3566:Bophuthatswana crisis
3459:Church Street bombing
3239:Apartheid legislation
3232:1948 general election
3152:South Africa Act 1909
2947:Union of South Africa
2767:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
2747:Political history of
2645:Legacies of apartheid
2506:"Each One, Teach One"
2463:Anti-Indian sentiment
2408:Proudly South African
2314:Abahlali baseMjondolo
2089:Afrikaner nationalism
2057:
1926:Union of South Africa
1694:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
1130:multiracial democracy
874:Western Cape Division
714:Provincial Parliament
576:South Africa Act 1909
544:
528:
448:
391:
379:Erosion and abolition
227:
216:
138:
126:
72:governments. In 1930
59:Union of South Africa
32:
3869:Greater South Africa
3707:2014 platinum strike
3573:Shell House massacre
3501:Transkei coup d'état
3306:Sharpeville massacre
3069:Battle of Blaauwberg
3062:Battle of Muizenberg
3014:Battle of Salt River
2797:Mthethwa Paramountcy
2665:Political repression
2560:Long Walk to Freedom
2058:Flag of South Africa
1714:Mthethwa Paramountcy
1448:. Nelsonmandela.org.
1434:. Nelsonmandela.org.
1368:. Nelsonmandela.org.
1185:. Nelsonmandela.org.
603:apartheid government
467:Cape Prime Minister
190:famously responded:
4761:Democratic Alliance
3938:Civic and political
3802:Afrikaner Calvinism
3795:African nationalism
3644:African Renaissance
3334:UNSC Resolution 591
3255:Internal resistance
3156:National Convention
3124:Transvaal Civil War
3048:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
2931:Orange River Colony
2655:Phala Phala robbery
2553:I Write What I Like
2378:African Renaissance
2104:Black consciousness
2084:African nationalism
1770:Orange River Colony
1216:on 1 December 2008.
1012:Politics of Limpopo
1002:Politics of Gauteng
563:Abdullah Abdurahman
535:National Convention
373:South African Party
365:universal franchise
278:Isigidimi samaXhosa
3508:Ciskei coup d'état
3327:UN Resolution 1761
3292:Women's March 1956
3145:South African Wars
3131:Mineral Revolution
2060:
1950:Current government
1574:The Glasgow Herald
1345:on 18 August 2012.
1152:Reconstruction era
703:Provincial Cabinet
567:
531:
454:
398:
384:Early restrictions
342:"Onze Jan" Hofmeyr
284:Imbumba yama Nyama
257:British government
233:
222:
145:
133:
105:similarly followed
39:
4793:
4792:
4746:political parties
4739:
4738:
4716:Orde van die Dood
4333:Progressive Party
4039:Congress Alliance
3855:Cape Independence
3787:Political culture
3782:
3781:
3749:COVID-19 pandemic
3679:Marikana massacre
3515:Venda coup d'état
3269:Defiance Campaign
2859:Orange Free State
2789:Dutch Cape Colony
2714:
2713:
2605:Cape Independence
2583:
2582:
2525:African Communist
2481:Amandla Ngawethu!
2383:Alternative media
2372:Political culture
2364:South African law
2268:
2267:
2154:Political parties
1957:
1956:
1941:
1940:
1794:Orange Free State
1752:Dutch Cape Colony
1471:P. Lewsen (ed.):
1275:978-1-4314-2375-0
1147:Cape Independence
1083:
1082:
967:Cape Independence
803:Political Parties
652:
555:William Schreiner
551:John Tengo Jabavu
450:Cecil John Rhodes
438:labelled the act
436:Xhosa politicians
407:Progressive Party
318:Progressive Party
237:colonial governor
97:House of Assembly
16:(Redirected from
4833:
4783:
4782:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4650:Paramilitary and
4642:
4640:Umkosi Wezintaba
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4485:social movements
4483:Trade unions and
4475:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
4004:Boerestaat Party
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3935:
3934:
3921:
3912:
3903:
3894:
3887:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3834:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3775:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3494:Dakar Conference
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3424:
3417:
3415:Israeli alliance
3410:
3403:
3396:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3369:Sporting boycott
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3341:Academic boycott
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3198:Great Depression
3193:
3186:
3184:Maritz rebellion
3179:
3159:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3034:Dutch settlement
3016:
3009:
3007:Bantu migrations
2994:
2993:
2982:
2974:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2939:Transvaal Colony
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2907:Nieuwe Republiek
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2846:
2843:Natalia Republic
2838:
2830:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2812:Ndwandwe Kingdom
2807:
2805:
2802:
2792:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2718:
2717:
2704:
2703:
2640:Land occupations
2635:Labour brokering
2567:Molotov Cocktail
2470:
2469:
2331:Reclaim the City
2279:Social movements
2210:Earthlife Africa
2109:Environmentalism
2074:
2073:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1824:Nieuwe Republiek
1788:Natalia Republic
1776:Transvaal Colony
1735:
1732:
1727:Ndwandwe Kingdom
1722:
1719:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1660:
1659:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1523:
1517:. Archived from
1516:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1482:
1476:
1469:
1463:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1402:
1396:
1389:
1383:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1297:
1291:
1284:
1278:
1263:
1257:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1206:
1200:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1075:
1068:
1061:
655:
650:
642:
636:
635:
586:John X. Merriman
582:South Africa Act
309:neighbours. The
291:English settlers
203:women's suffrage
188:attorney-general
154:first parliament
141:Attorney-General
139:William Porter,
115:, respectively.
21:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4151:HNP (Herstigte)
4149:
4144:HNP (Herenigde)
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3962:Afrikaner Party
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3930:
3924:
3915:
3906:
3897:
3890:
3881:
3876:Honorary whites
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3837:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3778:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3637:Soweto bombings
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3438:Soweto Uprising
3436:
3429:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3362:Tar Baby Option
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:Freedom Charter
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3162:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2985:
2977:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2883:Griqualand West
2881:
2875:Griqualand East
2873:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2818:
2810:
2803:
2795:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2765:
2751:
2745:
2715:
2710:
2694:
2675:Sexual violence
2595:Corrective rape
2579:
2516:
2510:
2468:
2448:Ungovernability
2403:Freedom Charter
2367:
2350:
2293:Equal Education
2277:
2264:
2173:
2165:
2148:
2068:
2061:
2049:
1993:
1988:
1958:
1953:
1942:
1937:
1907:
1841:
1806:Griqualand West
1800:Griqualand East
1781:
1745:
1733:
1720:
1707:
1700:
1653:
1650:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1524:on 25 July 2009
1521:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1470:
1466:
1458:P.M. Laurence:
1457:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1391:B.M. Magubane:
1390:
1386:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1281:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1194:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1138:
1114:
1079:
1050:
1046:Other countries
1037:
1036:
987:
985:Other provinces
977:
976:
962:
954:
953:
952:
930:
903:
893:
892:
887:
877:
876:
871:
861:
860:
859:
856:
849:
842:
835:
828:
821:
814:
807:
806:
805:
797:
789:
783:
776:
770:
763:
756:
748:
742:
737:Daylin Mitchell
735:
728:
716:
706:
705:
701:
689:
682:
672:
671:
666:
653:
651:Politics of the
649:
640:
611:
578:
572:
559:Walter Rubusana
523:
510:
504:
465:
459:
419:
392:Prime Minister
386:
381:
367:. This liberal
340:groups such as
326:Leander Jameson
211:
177:Cape's frontier
150:
121:
35:Cape Parliament
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4839:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4791:
4790:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4749:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4709:Ossewabrandwag
4705:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4655:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4488:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4452:Unionist Party
4448:
4441:
4434:
4431:Torch Commando
4427:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4305:Orde Boerevolk
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4081:DP (1989–2000)
4077:
4074:DP (1973–1977)
4070:
4067:Dominion Party
4063:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3948:Afrikaner Bond
3943:
3941:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3913:
3904:
3895:
3888:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3862:Day of the Vow
3858:
3851:
3844:
3835:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3630:Floor crossing
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3590:
3588:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3545:Bisho massacre
3541:
3540:
3539:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3487:Operation Vula
3483:
3480:Rubicon speech
3476:
3473:Langa massacre
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3365:
3358:
3351:
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3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
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3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3235:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3191:Rand Rebellion
3187:
3180:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3117:Boer Republics
3113:
3106:
3099:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
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3020:
3018:
3017:
3010:
3002:
3000:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2975:
2967:
2963:Bophuthatswana
2959:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2923:Klein Vrystaat
2919:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2879:
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2847:
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2460:
2450:
2445:
2440:
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2425:
2423:Tenderpreneurs
2420:
2415:
2413:Rainbow nation
2410:
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2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
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2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2222:
2220:Khanya College
2217:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2134:Pan-Africanism
2131:
2129:Libertarianism
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1934:(1961–present)
1929:
1923:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1872:Bophuthatswana
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1836:Klein Vrystaat
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
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1784:
1782:
1780:
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1746:
1744:
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1690:
1687:
1686:
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1674:Boer Republics
1671:
1666:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1604:
1591:
1579:
1577:, 16 June 1937
1561:
1535:
1503:
1492:on 4 June 2012
1477:
1464:
1451:
1437:
1423:
1412:on 22 May 2012
1397:
1384:
1371:
1357:
1348:
1330:
1318:
1307:on 14 May 2013
1292:
1279:
1258:
1245:
1234:on 22 May 2012
1219:
1201:
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1173:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1149:
1144:
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1134:
1119:National Party
1113:
1110:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
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1038:
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1024:
1019:
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1009:
1004:
999:
994:
988:
983:
982:
979:
978:
975:
974:
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963:
961:Related topics
960:
959:
956:
955:
936:
908:
904:
899:
898:
895:
894:
888:
883:
882:
879:
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845:
843:
838:
836:
831:
829:
824:
822:
817:
815:
810:
801:
800:
799:
798:
745:Deputy Speaker
717:
712:
711:
708:
707:
683:
678:
677:
674:
673:
667:
662:
661:
658:
657:
645:
644:
610:
609:Apartheid rule
607:
574:Main article:
571:
568:
522:
519:
506:Main article:
503:
500:
461:Main article:
458:
455:
440:"Tung' umlomo"
418:
415:
385:
382:
380:
377:
346:Afrikaner Bond
273:Xhosa language
249:three branches
210:
207:
184:William Porter
173:William Porter
161:John Fairbairn
149:
146:
129:John Fairbairn
120:
117:
79:, and in 1931
66:National Party
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4838:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
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4648:
4641:
4637:
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4627:
4626:Die Spoorbund
4623:
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4609:
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4602:
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4466:Workers Party
4463:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4439:
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4432:
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4383:
4379:
4376:
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4365:
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4358:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4347:Radio Freedom
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4298:Oranjewerkers
4295:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4267:
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3998:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:organisations
3936:
3933:
3931:organisations
3927:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3905:
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3803:
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3764:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3728:Tshwane riots
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3687:
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3581:
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3512:
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3498:
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3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3452:Project Coast
3449:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3431:Mafeje affair
3428:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3401:Durban Moment
3398:
3395:
3394:Rivonia Trial
3391:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3348:Disinvestment
3345:
3342:
3338:
3335:
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3328:
3324:
3323:
3321:
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3307:
3303:
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3296:
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3270:
3266:
3263:
3259:
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3252:
3247:
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3220:
3213:
3209:
3206:
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3199:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3103:1820 Settlers
3100:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3059:
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3022:
3015:
3011:
3008:
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2461:
2459:
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2455:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:UnFreedom Day
2436:
2434:
2431:
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2421:
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2255:
2252:
2249:
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2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Koeberg Alert
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2187:Afrikanerbond
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2174:organisations
2168:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:Non-racialism
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2056:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:Northern Cape
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:KwaZulu-Natal
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
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1911:
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1624:
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1601:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1550:on 9 May 2013
1549:
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1156:United States
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1120:
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1103:B. J. Vorster
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769:
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765:Gillon Bosman
762:
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638:
637:
634:
632:
628:
627:Cape Province
623:
621:
616:
606:
604:
598:
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591:
590:Cape Province
587:
583:
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564:
560:
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451:
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443:
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432:
429:
424:
423:Gordon Sprigg
414:
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408:
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395:
394:Gordon Sprigg
390:
376:
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327:
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308:
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303:Gordon Sprigg
300:
299:John Paterson
296:
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71:
67:
62:
60:
56:
55:Cape Province
53:, and in the
52:
48:
44:
36:
31:
27:
19:
4784:
4744:Histories of
4445:United Party
4354:Reform Party
4291:Orangia Unie
3916:
3907:
3900:Swart gevaar
3898:
3882:
3838:
3829:
3770:
3672:Blikkiesdorp
2998:Pre-colonial
2851:Natal Colony
2835:Zulu Kingdom
2749:South Africa
2705:
2625:Gupta family
2620:Farm attacks
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2361:
2284:
2274:Trade unions
2200:(CONTRALESA)
2159:
2045:Western Cape
2005:Eastern Cape
1949:
1913:
1764:Natal Colony
1740:Zulu Kingdom
1612:
1607:
1599:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1548:the original
1538:
1526:. Retrieved
1519:the original
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1490:the original
1480:
1472:
1467:
1459:
1454:
1440:
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1410:the original
1400:
1392:
1387:
1379:
1374:
1360:
1351:
1343:the original
1333:
1325:
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1305:the original
1295:
1287:
1282:
1266:
1261:
1253:
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1232:the original
1222:
1214:the original
1204:
1196:
1191:
1177:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1107:
1084:
932:
931:
905:
784:
778:Khalid Sayed
771:
758:
757:
750:Reagan Allen
743:
730:
729:
723:
718:
690:
684:
664:Constitution
654:Western Cape
639:
624:
612:
599:
579:
532:
514:Cecil Rhodes
511:
497:
485:
480:
479:
475:
474:
469:Cecil Rhodes
466:
439:
433:
428:Eastern Cape
420:
403:
399:
361:Saul Solomon
358:
353:
349:
334:Western Cape
322:Cecil Rhodes
295:Eastern Cape
288:
283:
276:
265:Eastern Cape
261:
245:John Molteno
234:
229:Saul Solomon
218:John Molteno
199:
193:
192:
181:
169:John Molteno
165:Saul Solomon
158:
151:
70:United Party
63:
42:
40:
26:
3884:Rooi gevaar
3763:2021 unrest
3693:Nkandlagate
3522:Third Force
3383:Rugby union
2981:(1981–1994)
2973:(1979–1994)
2965:(1977–1994)
2957:(1976–1994)
2949:(1910–1961)
2941:(1902–1910)
2933:(1902–1910)
2925:(1886–1891)
2917:(1885–1887)
2909:(1884–1888)
2901:(1882–1885)
2893:(1882–1883)
2885:(1870–1873)
2877:(1861–1879)
2869:(1856–1902)
2861:(1854–1902)
2853:(1843–1910)
2845:(1839–1843)
2837:(1816–1897)
2829:(1795–1910)
2827:Cape Colony
2819: 1780
2804: 1780
2791:(1652–1806)
2781: 1220
2774: 1075
2690:Third Force
2680:Shack fires
2517:periodicals
1998:By province
1922:(1856–1902)
1916:(1853–1910)
1796:(1854–1902)
1766:(1843–1910)
1760:(1795–1910)
1758:Cape Colony
1754:(1652–1806)
1734: 1780
1721: 1780
1708: 1220
1701: 1075
1611:P. Lewsen:
1326:The Zingari
1286:P. Lewsen:
1277:. pp.19-20.
1252:N. Worden:
906:Provincial:
791:Ayanda Bans
618:Black and "
615:legislation
434:The Cape's
315:imperialist
253:Cape Colony
186:, the Cape
51:Cape Colony
4800:Categories
4695:Greyshirts
4459:Volksparty
3997:Black Sash
3658:Xenophobia
3651:Travelgate
3408:Border War
3212:Bantustans
3110:Great Trek
3055:Xhosa Wars
2915:Upingtonia
2899:Stellaland
2453:Xenophobia
2393:Corruption
2144:Trotskyism
2124:Liberalism
2114:Federalism
2077:Ideologies
2035:North West
2030:Mpumalanga
2010:Free State
1896:KwaNdebele
1830:Upingtonia
1818:Stellaland
1679:Bantustans
1598:J. Lewis:
1169:References
933:Municipal:
695:Alan Winde
338:Cape Dutch
332:-speaking
83:. In 1936
3918:Volkstaat
3909:Uitlander
3840:Boerehaat
3816:Anarchism
3623:Arms Deal
3586:apartheid
3246:Pass laws
3223:Apartheid
3168:1910–1948
3087:1815–1910
3025:1652–1815
2685:Terrorism
2615:e-tolling
2610:Elections
2539:ANC Today
2515:Books and
2428:Toyi-toyi
2215:Keep Left
2182:AfriForum
2172:political
2094:Anarchism
2069:movements
2067:Political
1928:(1910–61)
1904:(1981–94)
1898:(1981–94)
1892:(1981–94)
1886:(1981–94)
1880:(1979–94)
1874:(1977–94)
1868:(1976–94)
1862:(1974–94)
1856:(1972–94)
1850:(1971–94)
1848:Gazankulu
1838:(1886–91)
1832:(1885–87)
1826:(1884–88)
1820:(1882–85)
1814:(1882–83)
1808:(1870–73)
1802:(1861–79)
1790:(1839–43)
1778:(1902–10)
1772:(1902–10)
1742:(1816–97)
1339:"freedom"
1265:M.Plaut:
901:Elections
869:Judiciary
680:Executive
595:coloureds
508:Glen Grey
369:Cape Town
330:Afrikaans
99:in 1960.
47:franchise
4786:Category
4688:Boeremag
4186:Jeugkrag
4137:Het Volk
3831:Baasskap
3773:incident
3376:Olympics
2955:Transkei
2758:polities
2756:Defunct
2707:Category
2670:Protests
2630:HIV/AIDS
2418:Renaming
2305:(PASSOP)
2119:Feminism
2099:Anti-war
1890:KaNgwane
1866:Transkei
1684:National
1669:Colonies
1664:Kingdoms
1136:See also
620:Coloured
352:and the
127:Bust of
101:Coloured
4591:SAAPAWU
3929:Defunct
3892:Slavery
3096:Mfecane
2650:Lindela
2532:Amandla
2473:Slogans
2250:(SASCO)
2244:(SALSA)
2238:(PAGAD)
2206:(COSAS)
2025:Limpopo
2015:Gauteng
1902:KwaZulu
1311:23 July
1154:in the
1095:in 1953
732:Speaker
692:The Hon
686:Premier
354:Lantern
350:Zingari
293:in the
103:voters
95:in the
4542:FOSATU
4396:SAYRCO
4368:SADECO
4284:Occupy
3823:Azania
3771:Lady R
3700:Racism
3529:CODESA
2990:Events
2979:Ciskei
2891:Goshen
2821:–1819)
2806:–1817)
2433:Ubuntu
2388:Azania
2261:(ZACF)
2232:(LGEP)
2170:Other
1884:Ciskei
1860:QwaQwa
1854:Lebowa
1812:Goshen
1736:–1819)
1723:–1817)
1554:6 July
1528:6 July
1496:6 July
1416:6 July
1273:
1238:6 July
854:ALJAMA
411:Sprigg
4723:PAGAD
4619:SATUC
4612:SARHU
4598:SACTU
4577:NURHS
4535:FNETU
4521:CTSWU
4514:CNETU
4507:BLATU
4389:SAYCO
4277:NUSAS
4158:IDASA
3969:AITUP
3584:Post-
2971:Venda
2600:Crime
2588:Other
2194:(AWB)
1878:Venda
1522:(PDF)
1515:(PDF)
307:Xhosa
269:Xhosa
85:black
74:white
4730:SANF
4660:APLA
4605:SAIF
4584:PAWE
4570:NEUM
4563:MUSA
4528:FCWU
4473:WOSA
4424:TNIP
4382:SASO
4375:SAIC
4361:SABP
4312:PAVN
4046:COSG
4025:CTEG
4018:CNIP
2546:Biko
2362:see
2285:see
2160:see
1556:2012
1530:2012
1498:2012
1418:2012
1313:2012
1271:ISBN
1240:2012
950:2021
947:2016
944:2011
941:2006
938:2000
928:2024
925:2019
922:2014
919:2009
916:2004
913:1999
910:1994
840:ACDP
833:GOOD
561:and
324:and
301:and
171:and
113:1970
111:and
109:1958
68:and
41:The
4681:BBB
4674:AWB
4667:ARM
4633:UDF
4556:IWW
4549:ICU
4500:BCM
4493:APF
4438:UFP
4340:PRP
4319:PFP
4270:NRP
4263:NPP
4249:NNP
4242:NLP
4228:NCP
4179:ISL
4130:GNP
4102:ECC
4095:DSM
4088:DPP
4060:DLF
4032:COD
4011:CDA
3990:BPC
3983:AVF
3976:APO
2356:Law
2276:and
847:FF+
826:EFF
819:ANC
794:MMP
781:MMP
768:MMP
753:MMP
740:MMP
698:MMP
344:'s
107:in
4802::
4702:MK
4256:NP
4221:NA
4172:IP
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4116:FD
4109:FA
4053:CP
2816:c.
2801:c.
2778:c.
2771:c.
1731:c.
1718:c.
1705:c.
1698:c.
1571:,
1121:.
1105:.
812:DA
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3154:(
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2502:"
2498:"
2490:"
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2483:"
2479:"
1983:e
1976:t
1969:v
1729:(
1716:(
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20:)
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