Capital punishment

2594: 1511: 4589:

the outcome. Researchers have shown that white Americans are more likely to support the death penalty when told that it is mostly applied to black Americans, and that more stereotypically black-looking or dark-skinned defendants are more likely to be sentenced to death if the case involves a white victim. However, a study published in 2018 failed to replicate the findings of earlier studies that had concluded that white Americans are more likely to support the death penalty if informed that it is largely applied to black Americans; according to the authors, their findings "may result from changes since 2001 in the effects of racial stimuli on white attitudes about the death penalty or their willingness to express those attitudes in a survey context."

4652: 3640:. But on 10 February 2012, Iran's parliament changed controversial laws relating to the execution of juveniles. In the new legislation the age of 18 (solar year) would be applied to accused of both genders and juvenile offenders must be sentenced pursuant to a separate law specifically dealing with juveniles. Based on the Islamic law which now seems to have been revised, girls at the age of 9 and boys at 15 of lunar year (11 days shorter than a solar year) are deemed fully responsible for their crimes. Iran accounted for two-thirds of the global total of such executions, and currently has approximately 140 people considered as juveniles awaiting execution for crimes committed (up from 71 in 2007). The past executions of 2397: 2195: 1567: 2078: 2710: 2786: 4553:

prisoners have almost certainly been executed. The National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty claims that between 1976 and 2015, 1,414 prisoners in the United States have been executed while 156 sentenced to death have had their death sentences vacated. It is impossible to assess how many have been wrongly executed, since courts do not generally investigate the innocence of a dead defendant, and defense attorneys tend to concentrate their efforts on clients whose lives can still be saved; however, there is strong evidence of innocence in many cases.

3405:

precipitously, with 3,000 executed in 2012 versus 12,000 in 2002. A poll in South Africa, where capital punishment is abolished, found that 76% of millennial South Africans support re-introduction of the death penalty due to increasing incidents of rape and murder. A 2017 poll found younger Mexicans are more likely to support capital punishment than older ones. 57% of Brazilians support the death penalty. The age group that shows the greatest support for execution of those condemned is the 25 to 34-year-old category, in which 61% say they support it.

4227: 2679: 1658:) criticised the principle of revenge, because once the damage is done it cannot be cancelled by any action. So, if the death penalty is to be imposed by society, it is only to protect the latter against the criminal or for a dissuasive purpose. "The only right that Protagoras knows is therefore human right, which, established and sanctioned by a sovereign collectivity, identifies itself with positive or the law in force of the city. In fact, it finds its guarantee in the death penalty which threatens all those who do not respect it." 3464: 1777:

magistrate, scheming to kidnap a person and sell them into slavery and opening a coffin while desecrating a tomb. Decapitation was the method of execution prescribed for more serious crimes such as treason and sedition. Despite the great discomfort involved, most of the Tang Chinese preferred strangulation to decapitation, as a result of the traditional Tang Chinese belief that the body is a gift from the parents and that it is, therefore, disrespectful to one's ancestors to die without returning one's body to the grave intact.

2593: 1637: 3342:. In contrast, the rapid industrialisation in Asia has seen an increase in the number of developed countries which are also retentionist. In these countries, the death penalty retains strong public support, and the matter receives little attention from the government or the media; in China there is a small but significant and growing movement to abolish the death penalty altogether. This trend has been followed by some African and Middle Eastern countries where support for the death penalty remains high. 3669:, which take into account factors such as the number of victims, brutality and social impact of the crimes. The standards have been used in determining whether to apply the death sentence in murder cases. Teruhiko Seki, convicted of murdering four family members including a 4-year-old daughter and raping a 15-year-old daughter of a family in 1992, became the second inmate to be hanged for a crime committed as a minor in the first such execution in 20 years after Nagayama on 19 December 2017. 3561:, capital punishment for children under the age of 11 was no longer foreseen by 1770. The death penalty was, also for juveniles, nearly abolished in 1787 except for emergency or military law, which is unclear in regard of those. It was reintroduced for juveniles above 14 years by 1803, and was raised by general criminal law to 20 years in 1852 and this exemption and the alike one of military law in 1855, which may have been up to 14 years in wartime, were also introduced into all of the 1769:(r. 712–756). When abolishing the death penalty, Xuanzong ordered his officials to refer to the nearest regulation by analogy when sentencing those found guilty of crimes for which the prescribed punishment was execution. Thus, depending on the severity of the crime a punishment of severe scourging with the thick rod or of exile to the remote Lingnan region might take the place of capital punishment. However, the death penalty was restored only 12 years later in 759 in response to the 2156: 1843: 2913: 4422: 13211: 4353:

criminal show want of respect for property, or imprisoning him, for personal freedom? Just as unreasonable is it to think that to take the life of a man who has taken that of another is to show want of regard for human life. We show, on the contrary, most emphatically our regard for it, by the adoption of a rule that he who violates that right in another forfeits it for himself, and that while no other crime that he can commit deprives him of his right to live, this shall.

2837: 4029: 407: 3262: 3239: 3039: 4691: 1802: 14735: 3065: 3711: 3014: 2938: 4771: 14801: 4526: 14745: 3141: 3090: 3283: 2887: 3214: 2989: 3588:, the exclusion from the death penalty was extended for juveniles and young adults up to 19 years of age by 1835. In 1942, the death penalty was almost deleted in criminal law, as well for juveniles, but since 1928 persisted in military law during wartime for youth above 14 years. If no earlier change was made in the given subject, by 1979 juveniles could no longer be subject to the death penalty in military law during wartime. 4457:(close-range cannon fire) as quick and relatively painless alternatives to more torturous methods of executions used at that time. In the United States, electrocution and gas inhalation were introduced as more humane alternatives to hanging, but have been almost entirely superseded by lethal injection. A small number of countries, for example Iran and Saudi Arabia, still employ slow hanging methods, decapitation, and stoning. 3191: 3115: 2862: 2706:, there has been a trend toward abolishing the death penalty. 54 countries retain the death penalty in active use, 112 countries have abolished capital punishment altogether, 7 have done so for all offences except under special circumstances, and 22 more have abolished it in practice because they have not used it for at least 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice against carrying out executions. 2963: 2810: 2323: 3166: 3460:. China, Pakistan, the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen have since raised the minimum age to 18. Amnesty International has recorded 61 verified executions since then, in several countries, of both juveniles and adults who had been convicted of committing their offences as juveniles. China does not allow for the execution of those under 18, but child executions have reportedly taken place. 2507:, there has been a trend toward abolishing capital punishment. Capital punishment has been completely abolished by 108 countries, a further seven have done so for all offences except under special circumstances and 26 more have abolished it in practice because they have not used it for at least 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice against carrying out executions. 13049: 3903:

executions to be distasteful and most countries have outlawed the practice, throughout much of history executions were performed publicly as a means for the state to demonstrate "its power before those who fell under its jurisdiction be they criminals, enemies, or political opponents". Additionally, it afforded the public a chance to witness "what was considered a great spectacle".

1676:, for whom free will is proper to man, a person is responsible for their actions. If there was a crime, a judge must define the penalty allowing the crime to be annulled by compensating it. This is how pecuniary compensation appeared for criminals the least recalcitrant and whose rehabilitation is deemed possible. However, for others, he argued, the death penalty is necessary. 4580:

bypass legal procedures which are designed to designate the death penalty for the "worst of the worst" offenders. Opponents of execution volunteering cited the prevalence of mental illness among volunteers comparing it to suicide. Execution volunteers have received considerably less attention and effort at legal reform than those who were exonerated after execution.

4561:

is found to be present or escaping from a location "proved or presumed to be used for the purpose of smoking or administering a controlled drug", if one is in possession of a key to a premises where drugs are present, if one is in the company of another person found to be in possession of illegal drugs, or if one tests positive after being given a mandatory

4212:, makes sure that convicted criminals do not offend again, and that it ensures justice for crimes such as homicide, where other penalties will not inflict the desired retribution demanded by the crime itself. Capital punishment for non-lethal crimes is usually considerably more controversial, and abolished in many of the countries that retain it. 1201:, in addition to drug trafficking, drug dealing, and drug possession, are capital crimes or enhancements. However, states have also imposed punitive executions, for an expansive range of conduct, for political or religious beliefs and practices, for a status beyond one's control, or without employing any significant due process procedures. 4631:. Earlier, there were appeals made to advocate for Abdul Kahar's death penalty be commuted to life imprisonment on humanitarian grounds, as Abdul Kahar came from a poor family and has struggled with drug addiction. He was also revealed to have been spending most of his life going in and out of prison, including a ten-year sentence of 4048:) or acting as drug couriers and had assisted the authorities in tackling drug-related activities, would be sentenced to life imprisonment instead of death, with the offender liable to at least 15 strokes of the cane if he was not sentenced to death and was simultaneously sentenced to caning as well. Notably, drug couriers like 1296: 1582:

Consequently, various classes of royalty, nobility, various commoners and slaves emerged. Accordingly, the systems of tribal arbitration were submerged into a more unified system of justice which formalized the relation between the different "social classes" rather than "tribes". The earliest and most famous example is

5461:

When this country was founded, memories of the Stuart horrors were fresh and severe corporal punishments were common. Death was not then a unique punishment. The practice of punishing criminals by death, moreover, was widespread and by and large acceptable to society. Indeed, without developed prison

5205:

Capital punishment, or 'the death penalty,' is an institutionalized practice designed to result in deliberately executing persons in response to actual or supposed misconduct and following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that the person is responsible for violating norms that warrant

4809:

to remove capital punishment in all circumstances. It ratified Protocol 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights in February 2006. As a result, Europe is a continent free of the death penalty in practice, all states, having ratified Protocol 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights, with the

4596:

was denied his imam in the room during his execution, instead only offered a Christian chaplain. After filing a complaint, a federal court of appeals ruled 5–4 against Ray's request. The majority cited the "last-minute" nature of the request, and the dissent stated that the treatment went against the

4588:

Opponents of the death penalty argue that this punishment is being used more often against perpetrators from racial and ethnic minorities and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, than against those criminals who come from a privileged background; and that the background of the victim also influences

4460:

A study of executions carried out in the United States between 1977 and 2001 indicated that at least 34 of the 749 executions, or 4.5%, involved "unanticipated problems or delays that caused, at least arguably, unnecessary agony for the prisoner or that reflect gross incompetence of the executioner".

4389:

since 2010, should not be executed due to an alleged intellectual disability, as they argued that Nagaenthran has low IQ of 69 and a psychiatrist has assessed him to be mentally impaired to an extent that he should not be held liable to his crime and execution. They also cited international law where

3475:

who was executed for heresy, and his father had previously fled the island. At less than one day old, he was ordered to be burned by Bailiff Hellier Gosselin, with the advice of priests nearby who said the boy should burn due to having inherited moral stain from his mother, who had given birth during

2553:

and a number of wartime military offences as capital crimes) for a five-year experiment in 1965 and permanently in 1969, the last execution having taken place in 1964. It was abolished for all offences in 1998. Protocol 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights, first entering into force in 2003,

2016:

levied upon Christian communities by Muslim rulers in order to fund military campaigns, all of which contributed a significant proportion of income to the Islamic states while conversely reducing many Christians to poverty, and these financial and social hardships forced many Christians to convert to

4686:

A range of amendments proposed by a small minority of pro-death penalty countries were overwhelmingly defeated. It had in 2007 passed a non-binding resolution (by 104 to 54, with 29 abstentions) by asking its member states for "a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty".

4674:

The United Nations introduced a resolution during the General Assembly's 62nd sessions in 2007 calling for a universal ban. The approval of a draft resolution by the Assembly's third committee, which deals with human rights issues, voted 99 to 52, with 33 abstentions, in support of the resolution on

4560:

contains a series of presumptions which shift the burden of proof from the prosecution to the accused. This conflicts with the universally guaranteed right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty". Singapore's Misuse of Drugs Act presumes one is guilty of possession of drugs if, as examples, one

4875:

following the arbitrary arrest and detention of activists and critics of the government. The attendees of the meeting were requested to demand from their Bahraini counterparts to take into consideration the concerns raised by the MEPs, particularly for the release of Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja and Sheikh

4640:

criticised Singapore for finalizing and carrying out Abdul Kahar's execution, and about 400 Singaporeans protested against the government's use of the death penalty merely days after Abdul Kahar's death sentence was authorised. Still, over 80% of the public supported the use of the death penalty in

4315:

An execution is not simply death. It is just as different from the privation of life as a concentration camp is from prison. For there to be an equivalency, the death penalty would have to punish a criminal who had warned his victim of the date at which he would inflict a horrible death on him and

2142:

In England in the 18th century, when there was no police force, Parliament drastically increased the number of capital offences to more than 200. These were mainly property offences, for example cutting down a cherry tree in an orchard. In 1820, there were 160, including crimes such as shoplifting,

1780:

Some further forms of capital punishment were practiced in the Tang dynasty, of which the first two that follow at least were extralegal. The first of these was scourging to death with the thick rod which was common throughout the Tang dynasty especially in cases of gross corruption. The second was

1238:

for all crimes, seven have abolished it for ordinary crimes (while maintaining it for special circumstances such as war crimes), and 24 are abolitionist in practice. Although the majority of countries have abolished capital punishment, over half of the world's population live in countries where the

4579:

Some prisoners have volunteered or attempted to expedite capital punishment, often by waiving all appeals. Prisoners have made requests or committed further crimes in prison as well. In the United States, execution volunteers constitute approximately 11% of prisoners on death row. Volunteers often

2499:

until its abolition for civil offences and military offences in peacetime in 1891. The penalty for crimes committed in peacetime was then reinstated and abolished again twice (1938–1953 and 1969–1978), but on those occasions it was restricted to acts of terrorism or subversion considered "internal

4844:

is among the 111 UN member states that supported the resolution passed by the United Nations General Assembly that called for the removal of the death penalty, therefore affirming its opposition to the practice. South Sudan, however, has not yet abolished the death penalty and stated that it must

4818:

has been lobbying for Council of Europe observer states who practice the death penalty, the U.S. and Japan, to abolish it or lose their observer status. In addition to banning capital punishment for EU member states, the EU has also banned detainee transfers in cases where the receiving party may

4678:

Again in 2008, a large majority of states from all regions adopted, on 20 November in the UN General Assembly (Third Committee), a second resolution calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty; 105 countries voted in support of the draft resolution, 48 voted against and 31 abstained.

4552:

prevented the pending execution of more than 15 death row inmates during the same period in the US, but DNA evidence is only available in a fraction of capital cases. As of 2017, 159 prisoners on death row have been exonerated by DNA or other evidence, which is seen as an indication that innocent

3408:

A 2023 poll by Research Co. found that 54% of Canadians support reinstating the death penalty for murder in their country. In April 2021 a poll found that 54% of Britons said they would support reinstating the death penalty for those convicted of terrorism in the UK, while 23% of respondents said

2451:

that abolished the death penalty and ordered the destruction of all the instruments for capital execution in his land. In 2000, Tuscany's regional authorities instituted an annual holiday on 30 November to commemorate the event. The event is commemorated on this day by 300 cities around the world

2272:

In retentionist countries, the debate is sometimes revived when a miscarriage of justice has occurred though this tends to cause legislative efforts to improve the judicial process rather than to abolish the death penalty. In abolitionist countries, the debate is sometimes revived by particularly

1788:

When a minister of the fifth grade or above received a death sentence the emperor might grant him a special dispensation allowing him to commit suicide in lieu of execution. Even when this privilege was not granted, the law required that the condemned minister be provided with food and ale by his

1410:

or vendetta occurs when arbitration between families or tribes fails, or an arbitration system is non-existent. This form of justice was common before the emergence of an arbitration system based on state or organized religion. It may result from crime, land disputes or a code of honour. "Acts of

4726:

was a member of the Council of Europe, and the death penalty remains codified in its law, it has not made use of it since becoming a member of the council – Russia has not executed anyone since 1996. With the exception of Russia (abolitionist in practice) and Belarus (retentionist), all European

4682:

The moratorium resolution has been presented for a vote each year since 2007. On 15 December 2022, 125 countries voted in support of the moratorium, with 37 countries opposing, and 22 abstentions. The countries voting against the moratorium included the United States, People's Republic of China,

3906:

Social historians note that beginning in the 20th century in the U.S. and western Europe, death in general became increasingly shielded from public view, occurring more and more behind the closed doors of the hospital. Executions were likewise moved behind the walls of the penitentiary. The last

3902:

A public execution is a form of capital punishment which "members of the general public may voluntarily attend". This definition excludes the presence of a small number of witnesses randomly selected to assure executive accountability. While today the great majority of the world considers public

2244:

By continent, all European countries but one have abolished capital punishment; many Oceanian countries have abolished it; most countries in the Americas have abolished its use, while a few actively retain it; less than half of countries in Africa retain it; and the majority of countries in Asia

4406:

maintained their firm stance that despite his certified low IQ, it is confirmed that Nagaenthran is not mentally or intellectually disabled based on the joint opinion of three government psychiatrists as he is able to fully understand the magnitude of his actions and has no problem in his daily

4040:

In 2018, at least 35 countries retained the death penalty for drug trafficking, drug dealing, drug possession and related offences. People had been regularly sentenced to death and executed for drug-related offences in China, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore and Vietnam. Other

4352:

And we may imagine somebody asking how we can teach people not to inflict suffering by ourselves inflicting it? But to this I should answer – all of us would answer – that to deter by suffering from inflicting suffering is not only possible, but the very purpose of penal justice. Does fining a

4282:

is a sufficient substitute. It is also argued that the punishing of a killing with another death is a relatively unusual punishment for a violent act, because in general violent crimes are not punished by subjecting the perpetrator to a similar act (e.g. rapists are, typically, not punished by

3361:

The United States and Japan are the only developed countries to have recently carried out executions. The U.S. federal government, the U.S. military, and 27 states have a valid death penalty statute, and over 1,400 executions have been carried in the United States since it reinstated the death

3380:

ranked regionally third and globally fifth among the countries that carried out most executions in 2019. The country increasingly ignored international human rights concerns and criticism. In March 2021, Egypt executed 11 prisoners in a jail, who were convicted in cases of "murder, theft, and

3306:

and Singapore. Indonesia carried out no executions between November 2008 and March 2013. Singapore, Japan and the United States are the only developed countries that are classified by Amnesty International as 'retentionist' (South Korea is classified as 'abolitionist in practice'). Nearly all

1776:

The two most common forms of execution in the Tang dynasty were strangulation and decapitation, which were the prescribed methods of execution for 144 and 89 offences respectively. Strangulation was the prescribed sentence for lodging an accusation against one's parents or grandparents with a

1581:

In certain parts of the world, nations in the form of ancient republics, monarchies or tribal oligarchies emerged. These nations were often united by common linguistic, religious or family ties. Moreover, expansion of these nations often occurred by conquest of neighbouring tribes or nations.

4009:

on all executions until the passage of a new law that would abolish the death penalty. In April 2023, legislation abolishing the mandatory death penalty was passed in Malaysia. The death penalty would be retained, but courts have the discretion to replace it with other punishments, including

3393:

The public opinion on the death penalty varies considerably by country and by the crime in question. Countries where a majority of people are against execution include Norway, where only 25% support it. Most French, Finns, and Italians also oppose the death penalty. In 2020, 55% of Americans

1792:

Nearly all executions under the Tang dynasty took place in public as a warning to the population. The heads of the executed were displayed on poles or spears. When local authorities decapitated a convicted criminal, the head was boxed and sent to the capital as proof of identity and that the

3404:

The support and sentencing of capital punishment has been growing in India in the 2010s due to anger over several recent brutal cases of rape, even though actual executions are comparatively rare. While support for the death penalty for murder is still high in China, executions have dropped

4746:

calls for the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances (including for war crimes). The majority of European countries have signed and ratified it. Some European countries have not done this, but all of them except Belarus have now abolished the death penalty in all circumstances

12931:, which holds that you cannot sue any state or federal government agency, or any of its officers or employees, for any wrong they may have committed against you, unless the state or federal government consents to being sued" (p. 20); the propriety of "the increasing resistance of the 3384:

According to Amnesty International's 2021 report, at least 483 people were executed in 2020 despite the COVID-19 pandemic. The figure excluded the countries that classify death penalty data as state secret. The top five executioners for 2020 were China, Iran, Egypt, Iraq and Saudi Arabia.

8948:: "The Convention on the Rights of the Child is the most widely and rapidly ratified human rights treaty in history. Only the United States has not ratified this celebrated agreement. By signing the Convention, the United States has signaled its intention to ratify but has yet to do so." 4604:

men, Ali Hakim al-Arab, 25, and Ahmad al-Malali, 24, were executed in Bahrain, despite the protests from the United Nations and rights group. Amnesty International stated that the executions were being carried out on confessions of "terrorism crimes" that were obtained through torture.

2260:

Abolition was often adopted due to political change, as when countries shifted from authoritarianism to democracy, or when it became an entry condition for the EU. The United States is a notable exception: some states have had bans on capital punishment for decades, the earliest being

1665:, he considered necessary the execution of the animal or the destruction of the object which caused the death of a man by accident. For the murderers, he considered that the act of homicide is not natural and is not fully consented by the criminal. Homicide is thus a disease of the 1679:

This philosophy aims on the one hand to protect society and on the other hand to compensate to cancel the consequences of the crime committed. It inspired Western criminal law until the 17th century, a time when the first reflections on the abolition of the death penalty appeared.

3427:

may vary from one jurisdiction to another) has become increasingly rare. Considering the age of majority is not 18 in some countries or has not been clearly defined in law, since 1990 ten countries have executed offenders who were considered juveniles at the time of their crimes:

2580:

In 1977, the United Nations General Assembly affirmed in a formal resolution that throughout the world, it is desirable to "progressively restrict the number of offences for which the death penalty might be imposed, with a view to the desirability of abolishing this punishment".

2494:

did so in 1865. The last execution in San Marino had taken place in 1468. In Portugal, after legislative proposals in 1852 and 1863, the death penalty was abolished in 1867. The last execution in Brazil was 1876; from then on all the condemnations were commuted by the Emperor

1545:

or in some case an offer of a person for execution. The person offered for execution did not have to be an original perpetrator of the crime because the social system was based on tribes and clans, not individuals. Blood feuds could be regulated at meetings, such as the

3362:

penalty in 1976. Japan has 108 inmates with finalized death sentences as of February 2, 2024, after Yuki Endo, who was sentenced to death on 18 January, by the Kofu District Court for murdering the parents of his love interest and setting fire to their home in

8171: 2273:

brutal murders, though few countries have brought it back after abolishing it. However, a spike in serious, violent crimes, such as murders or terrorist attacks, has prompted some countries to effectively end the moratorium on the death penalty. One notable example is

4440:

for this reason in the final years of the 18th century, while Britain banned hanging, drawing, and quartering in the early 19th century. Hanging by turning the victim off a ladder or by kicking a stool or a bucket, which causes death by strangulation, was replaced by

1399:, banishment and execution. In tribal societies, compensation and shunning were often considered enough as a form of justice. The response to crimes committed by neighbouring tribes, clans or communities included a formal apology, compensation, blood feuds, and 4702:

A number of regional conventions prohibit the death penalty, most notably, the Protocol 6 (abolition in time of peace) and Protocol 13 (abolition in all circumstances) to the European Convention on Human Rights. The same is also stated under Protocol 2 in the

1390:

The use of formal execution extends to the beginning of recorded history. Most historical records and various primitive tribal practices indicate that the death penalty was a part of their justice system. Communal punishments for wrongdoing generally included

11275: 2048:

wrote: "It is better and more satisfactory to acquit a thousand guilty persons than to put a single innocent man to death." He argued that executing an accused criminal on anything less than absolute certainty would lead to a slippery slope of decreasing

4001:) to apply for the reduction of their death sentences after the courts in Singapore confirmed that they committed murder without the intention to kill and thus eligible for re-sentencing under the new death penalty laws in Singapore. In October 2018 the 3345:

Some countries have resumed practising the death penalty after having previously suspended the practice for long periods. The United States suspended executions in 1972 but resumed them in 1976; there was no execution in India between 1995 and 2004; and

3673:, who was convicted of raping and strangling a 23-year-old woman and subsequently strangling her 11-month-old daughter to death on 14 April 1999, when he was 18, is another inmate sentenced to death, and his request for retrial has been rejected by the 15741: 4635:

from 1995 to 2005, and has not been given much time for rehabilitation, which made the activists and groups arguing that Abdul Kahar should be given a chance for rehabilitation instead of subjecting him to execution. Both the European Union (EU) and

1773:. At this time in the Tang dynasty only the emperor had the authority to sentence criminals to execution. Under Xuanzong capital punishment was relatively infrequent, with only 24 executions in the year 730 and 58 executions in the year 736. 4707:, which, however, has not been ratified by all countries in the Americas, most notably Canada and the United States. Most relevant operative international treaties do not require its prohibition for cases of serious crime, most notably, the 3644:

and Makwan Moloudzadeh became the focus of Iran's child capital punishment policy and the judicial system that hands down such sentences. In 2023 Iran executed a minor who had knifed a man that fought him for following a girl in the street.

13412: 3910:

According to Amnesty International, in 2012, "public executions were known to have been carried out in Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia and Somalia". There have been reports of public executions carried out by state and non-state actors in

12638:

Marian J. Borg and Michael L. Radelet. (2004). On botched executions. In: Peter Hodgkinson and William A. Schabas (eds.) Capital Punishment. pp. 143–68. . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available from: Cambridge Books Online

7020: 1540:

which might include material (for example, cattle, slaves, land) compensation, exchange of brides or grooms, or payment of the blood debt. Settlement rules could allow for animal blood to replace human blood, or transfers of property or

12650:

Gail A. Van Norman. (2010). Physician participation in executions. In: Gail A. Van Norman et al. (eds.) Clinical Ethics in Anesthesiology. pp. 285–91. . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available from: Cambridge Books Online

15240: 11972:

The reason Canada has not ratified the Convention does not appear to be related to capital punishment, but because the Convention's provision on abortion is likely not consistent with the legal position in Canada relating to abortion:

2303:

On 29 December 2021, after a 20-year moratorium, the Kazakhstan government enacted the 'On Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the Abolition of the Death Penalty' signed by President

10141:"2019 Georgia Code Title 16 – Crimes and Offenses Chapter 8 – Offenses Involving Theft Article 2 – Robbery § 16-8-41. Armed robbery; robbery by intimidation; taking controlled substance from pharmacy in course of committing offense" 4565:. Urine drug screenings can be given at the discretion of police, without requiring a search warrant. The onus is on the accused in all of the above situations to prove that they were not in possession of or consumed illegal drugs. 15802: 8413: 15597: 15567: 15472: 10023: 8163: 10579: 1994:) in the lands invaded by the Arab Muslims on pain of death, they were banned from bearing arms, undertaking certain professions, and were obligated to dress differently in order to distinguish themselves from Arabs. Under 1258:

declares that the death penalty breaches human rights, specifically "the right to life and the right to live free from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment." These rights are protected under the

12408: 15948: 15592: 4779: 2734:. According to Amnesty International, around 1,000 prisoners were executed in 2017. Amnesty reported in 2004 and 2009 that Singapore and Iraq respectively had the world's highest per capita execution rate. According to 2464:

abolished it in his immediate lands. In Tuscany it was reintroduced in 1790 after Leopolds departure becoming emperor. Only after 1831 capital punishment was again at times stopped, though it took until 2007 to abolish

8446: 3572:, the death penalty for children and youth under the age of 16 was abolished in 1799 yet the country was already dissolved in 1803 whereas the law could remain in force if it was not replaced on cantonal level. In the 2171:, there were three types of capital punishment; hanging, decapitation, and death by shooting. Also, modern military organisations employed capital punishment as a means of maintaining military discipline. In the past, 2053:, until we would be convicting merely "according to the judge's caprice". Maimonides's concern was maintaining popular respect for law, and he saw errors of commission as much more threatening than errors of omission. 5462:

systems, there was frequently no workable alternative. Since that time, successive restrictions, imposed against the background of a continuing moral controversy, have drastically curtailed the use of this punishment.

15522: 11281: 1753:. Intended to be a punishment, a humiliation, and a deterrent, the condemned could take up to a few days to die. Corpses of the crucified were typically left on the crosses to decompose and to be eaten by animals. 15572: 2729:

According to Amnesty International, 20 countries are known to have performed executions in 2022. There are countries which do not publish information on the use of capital punishment, most significantly China and

12901: 6935: 11978: 4274:

defended a more extreme position, according to which every murderer deserves to die on the grounds that loss of life is incomparable to any penalty that allows them to remain alive, including life imprisonment.

4200:

effect, discriminates against minorities and the poor, and that it encourages a "culture of violence". There are many organizations worldwide, such as Amnesty International, and country-specific, such as the

15412: 14860: 14669: 4766:

Protocol 6, which prohibits the death penalty during peacetime, has been ratified by all members of the Council of Europe. It had been signed but not ratified by Russia at the time of its expulsion in 2022.

2138:

noted the incidence of increased violent criminality at the times and places of executions. Official recognition of this phenomenon led to executions being carried out inside prisons, away from public view.

8961: 1411:

retaliation underscore the ability of the social collective to defend itself and demonstrate to enemies (as well as potential allies) that injury to property, rights, or the person will not go unpunished."

15953: 15817: 15731: 10871: 8291: 15372: 3522:

in 1813 for children and youth under 16 years. In Prussia, the exemption was extended to youth under the age of 16 in 1851. For the first time, all juveniles were excluded for the death penalty by the

15562: 3534:, capital punishment was reinstated for juveniles between 16 and 17 years in 1939. This was broadened to children and youth from age 12 to 17 in 1943. The death penalty for juveniles was abolished by 15527: 15266: 9579: 3394:

supported the death penalty for an individual convicted of murder, down from 60% in 2016, 64% in 2010, 65% in 2006, and 68% in 2001. In 2020, 43% of Italians expressed support for the death penalty.

8321: 4303:. Human rights activists oppose the death penalty, calling it "cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment". Amnesty International considers it to be "the ultimate irreversible denial of Human Rights". 15963: 5481:(bite) a reference to the heavy compensation one must pay for causing an unjust death. The "bite" one had to pay was used as a term for the crime itself: "Mordre wol out; that se we day by day." – 4548:

Some have claimed that as many as 39 executions have been carried out in the face of compelling evidence of innocence or serious doubt about guilt in the US from 1992 through 2004. Newly available

15923: 15313: 15309: 9609: 3366:

on 12 October 2021, when Endo was 19 years old at the time of the double murder, withdrew the appeal to the High Court, which was filed by his attorney, thus Endo's death sentence was finalized.

7017: 15847: 12334:

Human Rights Watch opposes the death penalty in all cases as a violation of fundamental rights – the right to life and the right not to be subjected to cruel, inhuman, and degrading punishment.

3982:

Intentional homicide is punishable by death in most countries retaining capital punishment, but generally provided it involves an aggravating factor required by statute or judicial precedents.

2619: Abolitionist-in-practice countries (have not executed anyone during the past 10 years or more and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions): 23 5422: 15943: 15582: 10901: 5119: 15938: 15918: 15736: 15577: 14868: 14674: 14272: 13071: 15587: 15305: 14277: 6752: 9855: 8409: 3652:, a Sri Lankan domestic worker, who was believed to have been 17 years old at the time of the crime. Saudi Arabia banned execution for minors, except for terrorism cases, in April 2020. 2236:(1966–1976). Partly as a response to such excesses, civil rights organisations started to place increasing emphasis on the concept of human rights and an abolition of the death penalty. 16815: 15467: 12184: 10013: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15245: 7949: 3409:

they would be opposed. In 2020, an Ipsos/Sopra Steria survey showed that 55% of the French people support re-introduction of the death penalty; this was an increase from 44% in 2019.

15532: 15296: 10985: 10569: 9402: 4714:

Several international organizations have made abolition of the death penalty (during time of peace, or in all circumstances) a requirement of membership, most notably the EU and the

15537: 15452: 9123: 2460:, the then emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, abolished in his immediate lands in 1787 capital punishment, which though only lasted until 1795, after both had died and Leopolds son 15812: 15502: 15437: 15407: 15382: 14325: 11336: 10249: 2147:

was often tempered by juries who refused to convict, or judges, in the case of petty theft, who arbitrarily set the value stolen at below the statutory level for a capital crime.

14295: 12397: 7540: 4238:

Supporters of the death penalty argued that death penalty is morally justified when applied in murder especially with aggravating elements such as for murder of police officers,

2069:. From that moment on, capital punishment should be seen as useful to society through its dissuasive effect, but also as a means of protection of the latter vis-à-vis criminals. 17274: 16316: 15958: 15862: 15517: 15512: 15292: 15283: 15274: 4044:

The death penalty was mandated for drug trafficking in Singapore and Malaysia. Since 2013, Singapore ruled that those who were certified to have diminished responsibility (e.g.

1414:

In most countries that practice capital punishment, it is now reserved for murder, terrorism, war crimes, espionage, treason, or as part of military justice. In some countries,

6999:

Alexandre Juster, L'histoire de la Polynésie française en 101 dates : 101 événements marquants qui ont fait l'histoire de Tahiti et ses îles, Les éditions de Moana, 2016 (

4278:

Some abolitionists argue that retribution is simply revenge and cannot be condoned. Others while accepting retribution as an element of criminal justice nonetheless argue that

4196:

Death penalty opponents regard the death penalty as inhumane and criticize it for its irreversibility. They argue also that capital punishment lacks deterrent effect, or has a

15857: 15457: 15387: 14262: 10038:"2019 Georgia Code Title 16 – Crimes and Offenses Chapter 5 – Crimes Against the Person Article 3 – Kidnapping, False Imprisonment, and Related Offenses § 16-5-40. Kidnapping" 8436: 12939:" (p. 22); and "the constitutionality of the death penalty... because of incontrovertible evidence that innocent people have been sentenced to death." (pp. 22, 24.) 10104: 16762: 15832: 15432: 15270: 13241: 10851:

In Nagaenthran (CM) (at and ), the High Court found that the appellant had borderline intellectual functioning; not that he was suffering from mild intellectual disability.

3636:, was the world's largest executioner of juvenile offenders, for which it has been the subject of broad international condemnation; the country's record is the focus of the 16772: 16706: 13397: 2191:). One method of execution, since firearms came into common use, has also been firing squad, although some countries use execution with a single shot to the head or neck. 2065:. These define the place of man within society no longer according to a divine rule, but as a contract established at birth between the citizen and the society, it is the 12898: 11874:"Directorate of Communication – The global campaign against the death penalty is gaining momentum – Statement by Terry Davis, Secretary General of the Council of Europe" 7480: 6948: 2476:(when the island was independent) was the first legislative assembly in the world to abolish the death penalty in 1824. Tahiti commuted the death penalty to banishment. 12068: 11974: 3648:

Saudi Arabia also executes criminals who were minors at the time of the offence. In 2013, Saudi Arabia was the center of an international controversy after it executed

1781:

truncation, in which the convicted person was cut in two at the waist with a fodder knife and then left to bleed to death. A further form of execution called Ling Chi (

1239:

death penalty is retained, including India, the U.S., Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan, Vietnam, Egypt, Nigeria, Ethiopia and DR Congo. As of 2023, only 2 out of

16019: 15010: 13913: 1817:

and early modern Europe, before the development of modern prison systems, the death penalty was also used as a generalised form of punishment for even minor offences.

10219: 4390:

a country should be prohibiting the execution of mentally and intellectually impaired people in order to push for Singapore to commute Nagaenthran's death penalty to

10148: 10045: 8965: 7755: 7635: 6778: 3963: 11851: 3401:

in 2016, showing that 88% of Taiwanese people disagree with abolishing the death penalty. Its continuation of the practice drew criticism from local rights groups.

2300:, saw their executives making moves to reinstate the death penalty. In the same year, passage of the law in the Philippines failed to obtain the Senate's approval. 14700: 12210: 10448: 10433: 7442: 1620:

later repealed Draco's code and published new laws, retaining capital punishment only for intentional homicide, and only with victim's family permission. The word

3598:'s tenure as president of Iran from 2013 until 2021, at least 3,602 death sentences have been carried out. This includes the executions of 34 juvenile offenders. 17221: 17176: 16742: 8351: 8265: 5448: 3813: 1925:

followed in 1641. Throughout the 19th century, U.S. states repealed death sentences from their sodomy laws, with South Carolina being the last to do so in 1873.

11750: 10863: 9557: 8287: 7852: 7574: 5396: 17314: 16820: 10816: 4837:

became part of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which prohibits the use of the death penalty.

3591:

Between 2005 and May 2008, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Yemen were reported to have executed child offenders, the largest number occurring in Iran.

1205:

is the intentional and premeditated killing of an innocent person by means of capital punishment. For example, the executions following the show trials in the

10787: 8552: 2393:, published in 1516, debated the benefits of the death penalty in dialogue form, coming to no firm conclusion. More was himself executed for treason in 1535. 2265:, where it was abolished in 1846, while other states still actively use it today. The death penalty in the United States remains a contentious issue which is 16951: 16805: 16752: 16321: 12588: 11899: 10071: 7605: 4898:

considers the death penalty as "inadmissible" in any circumstance and denounces it as an "attack" on the "inviolability and dignity of the person." Both the

3919:, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Yemen. Executions which can be classified as public were also carried out in the U.S. states of Florida and Utah as of 1992. 12021: 9571: 8313: 4782:, which has 90 parties; and the Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty (for the Americas; ratified by 13 states). 16701: 16696: 16691: 16686: 16681: 16676: 16671: 16666: 16661: 16656: 16651: 16646: 16641: 16636: 16631: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16611: 16606: 16601: 16596: 16591: 16586: 16581: 10126: 4708: 3633: 3626: 1254:

Capital punishment is controversial, with many people, organisations, and religious groups holding differing views on whether it is ethically permissible.

491: 9332: 6809: 3338:). Public support for the death penalty in the EU varies. The last execution in a member state of the present-day Council of Europe took place in 1997 in 17003: 16867: 16563: 10502: 4695: 1272: 15155: 13471: 9601: 8144: 6849: 4537:. The case was considered vital in bolstering opposition, which limited the scope of the penalty in 1957 and abolished it completely for murder in 1965. 2538:(2005; death penalty unconstitutional if defendant was under age 18 at the time the crime was committed). In the United States, 23 of the 50 states and 17678: 16526: 14995: 13541: 11565: 8108: 3954:

are usually punishable by death in countries retaining capital punishment. Death sentences for such crimes were handed down and carried out during the

12321: 9257: 8486: 16573: 15913: 14710: 13431: 12236: 11672: 10664: 5418: 4852:

are noted for their opposition to capital punishment. A number of such NGOs, as well as trade unions, local councils, and bar associations, formed a

4520: 10893: 9639: 8987: 3467:

Mother Catherine Cauchés (center) and her two daughters Guillemine Gilbert (left) and Perotine Massey (right) with her infant son burning for heresy

2682:

A map showing U.S. states where the death penalty is authorized for certain crimes, even if not recently used. The death penalty is also authorized

16767: 16024: 8885: 7649: 4871:

for the signing of a Cooperation Agreement. A total of 16 MEPs undersigned the letter expressing their grave concern towards the extended abuse of

2613: Abolitionist-in-law countries for all crimes except those committed under exceptional circumstances (such as crimes committed in wartime): 10 1692:, the body of laws handed down from archaic Rome, prescribe the death penalty for a variety of crimes including libel, arson and theft. During the 10741: 10297: 9773: 4711:. This instead has, in common with several other treaties, an optional protocol prohibiting capital punishment and promoting its wider abolition. 1594:, blasphemy, and a wide range of sexual crimes, although evidence suggests that actual executions were exceedingly rare, if they occurred at all. 17773: 17465: 17206: 16993: 16825: 16810: 16371: 15015: 11776: 8460: 7323: 5645: 4815: 11434: 3423:

The death penalty for juvenile offenders (criminals aged under 18 years at the time of their crime although the legal or accepted definition of

2683: 2317: 1279:, which has 46 member states, has worked to end the death penalty and no execution has taken place in its current member states since 1997. The 17405: 17069: 17056: 17032: 16795: 16732: 16294: 14894: 14624: 13846: 12180: 11807: 11620: 9863: 9302: 7501: 6913: 6744: 4191: 3841: 2266: 9424: 8193: 6559: 3629:(whose Article 6.5 also states that "Sentence of death shall not be imposed for crimes committed by persons below eighteen years of age..."). 16365: 16304: 15630: 15351: 14097: 13647: 13587: 11240: 11157:

With 400 condemned on death row, Florida is an extremely aggressive death penalty state, a state that will even execute for drug trafficking.

9454: 9380: 8637: 8004: 7380: 4056:

successfully applied to have their death sentences replaced with life imprisonment and 15 strokes of the cane in 2013 and 2015 respectively.

2600: 13115: 13014: 3471:

One of the youngest children ever to be executed was the infant son of Perotine Massey on or around 18 July 1556. His mother was one of the

17753: 14027: 13570: 13186: 9127: 7912:

Kazakhstan has abolished the death penalty, making permanent a nearly two-decade freeze on capital punishment in the Central Asian country.

7870: 3692:

announced in November 2009 (reiterated in 2013) that it plans to ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child. This move was lauded by

3484: 3397:

In Taiwan, polls and research have consistently shown strong support for the death penalty at 80%. This includes a survey conducted by the

2427:"), published in 1764. In this book, Beccaria aimed to demonstrate not only the injustice, but even the futility from the point of view of 11959: 10977: 10612: 9744: 8052: 16858: 16747: 15462: 14781: 13387: 12121: 10413: 9916: 4068: 3993:

to reserve the mandatory death sentence for intentional murder while providing an alternative sentence of life imprisonment with/without

3970:(ICTR) forbade the death penalty and can only impose life imprisonment as a maximum penalty. This tradition is carried on by the current 3817: 1510: 13402: 11332: 10245: 8924: 3330:. Many of these countries aspired to enter the EU, which strictly requires member states not to practice the death penalty, as does the 1482:, drug trafficking and often drug possession is also a capital offence. In China, human trafficking and serious cases of corruption and 17211: 16074: 13508: 11724: 9802: 9235: 8373: 7803: 7544: 4863:, Karen Melchior was sent to the European Commission ahead of the 26 January 2021 meeting of the Bahraini Minister of Foreign Affairs, 3967: 2743: 11926: 10634: 10271: 9995: 8500: 7725: 7086: 5379: 1555:. Systems deriving from blood feuds may survive alongside more advanced legal systems or be given recognition by courts (for example, 16506: 16471: 15477: 13486: 13355: 11185: 8395: 7975: 7459: 4853: 4798: 13161:

Academic research database on the laws, practice, and statistics of capital punishment for every death penalty country in the world.

13146: 10174: 10094: 8030: 2061:

While during the Middle Ages the expiatory aspect of the death penalty was taken into account, this is no longer the case under the

17785: 16553: 16451: 16416: 16259: 14341: 14234: 14047: 13499: 13189: 5355: 4964: 2570: 484: 16346: 13238: 9157: 7695: 5759: 5680: 5274: 5226: 17242: 16511: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16476: 16005: 15776: 15482: 15030: 14649: 14459: 14300: 14072: 13918: 12047: 11821: 11011: 8664: 7109: 6718: 6068: 5043: 4023: 3492: 2648: 2522:

case once again permitted the death penalty under certain circumstances. Further limitations were placed on the death penalty in

1836: 1536:

included peace settlements often done in a religious context and compensation system. Compensation was based on the principle of

1315:

on Earth. Until the nineteenth century, without developed prison systems, there was frequently no workable alternative to ensure

1244: 12433: 12099: 10323:

King, D. R. (1 December 1978). "The Brutalization Effect: Execution Publicity and the Incidence of Homicide in South Carolina".

9088: 9064: 9038: 4774:

Signatories to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR: parties in dark green, signatories in light green, non-members in grey

4501:– further affirmed this principle, stating that while the ban on cruel and unusual punishment affirmatively bans penalties that 3688:

was buried up to her neck at a football stadium, then stoned to death in front of more than 1,000 people. Somalia's established

2554:

prohibits the death penalty in all circumstances for those states that are party to it, including the United Kingdom from 2004.

17790: 17103: 16426: 16351: 16184: 15908: 15880: 15837: 14932: 14705: 13969: 13295: 13233: 12722: 12266: 10761: 10528: 9358: 5601: 4942: 3884:

Electrocution and gas inhalation (some U.S. states, but only if the prisoner requests it or if lethal injection is unavailable)

2369: 2018: 303: 297: 17487: 12893:

O'Brien, Doireann. "Investigating the Origin of Europe and America's Diverging Positions on the Issue of Capital Punishment."

11590: 2566: 2017:

Islam. Christians unable to pay these taxes were forced to surrender their children to the Muslim rulers as payment who would

17816: 17499: 16548: 16461: 16456: 16341: 14790: 14664: 14569: 14315: 14267: 14159: 14154: 13893: 12985: 12961: 12884: 12863: 12839: 12818: 12761: 12629: 12072: 11995: 11117: 9953: 9501: 7307: 7280: 7253: 7226: 7199: 7172: 6984: 6893: 6691: 6584: 6436: 6387: 6332: 6216: 5998: 5808: 5584: 5321: 5198: 5132: 3705: 3602: 3480: 3398: 3355: 2297: 2205: 1821: 1260: 1088: 13154: 10197: 9285: 5733: 4545:

through the wrongful execution of innocent persons. Many people have been proclaimed innocent victims of the death penalty.

4533:, who was executed in 1950 after being wrongfully convicted of two murders that had in fact been committed by his landlord, 1857:. In the early history of Islam (7th–11th centuries), there is a number of "purported (but mutually inconsistent) reports" ( 1586:

which set the different punishment and compensation, according to the different class or group of victims and perpetrators.

17139: 17081: 16516: 16406: 16279: 16224: 16189: 15903: 14864: 14374: 13923: 11033: 10376: 10223: 9187: 8164:"Pena di morte, il 43% degli italiani è a favore: l'odio è diventato quotidiano. Miseria e brutalità nel Paese di Beccaria" 4915: 4033: 3418: 2747: 2107: 1700:

being prescribed in place of the death penalty, whereby a convict could either choose to leave in exile or face execution.

1669:, which must be reeducated as much as possible, and, as a last resort, sentence to death if no rehabilitation is possible. 13370:: United States-based volunteer program for foreign lawyers, students, and others to work at death penalty defense offices 11847: 10140: 10037: 7924: 7751: 7627: 6774: 4556:

Improper procedure may also result in unfair executions. For example, Amnesty International argues that in Singapore "the

4316:

who, from that moment onward, had confined him at his mercy for months. Such a monster is not encountered in private life.

1719:) and was supported by the majority of senators; among the minority voices opposed to the execution, the most notable was 1696:, there was consensus among the public and legislators to reduce the incidence of capital punishment. This opinion led to 17716: 17436: 17115: 16737: 16543: 16486: 16466: 16441: 16431: 16421: 16411: 16401: 16381: 16356: 16336: 16264: 16169: 16129: 15996: 15070: 14119: 13179: 13129: 11506: 11091: 8090: 6824: 5162: 4743: 4704: 3997:

for murder with no intention to cause death, which allowed some convicted murderers on death row in Singapore (including

3614: 2491: 1479: 477: 39: 13480: 13275: 13250: 12976:

A comparative analysis of capital punishment : statutes, policies, frequencies, and public attitudes the world over

12206: 11877: 11698: 11358: 11210: 10445: 10430: 9970: 8941: 7429: 4328:, on the other hand, it is an important idea that the right to life can be forfeited, as most other rights can be given 3605:, which forbids capital punishment for juveniles under article 37(a), has been signed by all countries and subsequently 16558: 16538: 16436: 16386: 16361: 16331: 16326: 16229: 16219: 16214: 16194: 15180: 15170: 14975: 14879: 14619: 14584: 14539: 14239: 13423: 9886: 7139: 6260: 5248: 5056: 4505:

pain and degradation, it does in no sense limit the possible infliction of pain in the execution of a capital verdict.

4476: 3845: 3610: 2672: 2126:(1764) was the first detailed analysis of capital punishment to demand the abolition of the death penalty. In England, 1978:, and Zoroastrians), which was inferior to the status of Muslims. Christians and other religious minorities thus faced 1284: 1000: 9549: 8343: 7566: 5444: 5392: 2281:

during which 132 students and 9 members of staff of the Army Public School and Degree College Peshawar were killed by

2130:(1748–1832), the founder of modern utilitarianism, called for the abolition of the death penalty. Beccaria, and later 1785:), or death by/of a thousand cuts, was used from the close of the Tang dynasty (around 900) to its abolition in 1905. 17534: 17348: 16927: 16521: 16446: 16396: 16289: 16144: 16059: 15827: 15623: 15557: 15417: 15377: 15344: 15185: 15075: 15005: 14509: 14504: 14399: 14219: 13097: 12709: 12608: 10959: 10690: 9533: 8621: 7777: 7004: 6633: 6134: 5940: 5837: 5717: 5690: 5009: 4802: 3833: 3758: 3742: 3663:

who had been convicted of shooting four people dead in the late 1960s. Nagayama's case created the eponymously named

3514:, children under the age of 14 were exempted from the death penalty in 1794. Capital punishment was cancelled by the 2731: 2562: 11388: 10543: 10468: 8556: 2044:

Despite the wide use of the death penalty, calls for reform were not unknown. The 12th-century Jewish legal scholar

17841: 17800: 17151: 16800: 16376: 16179: 16174: 16049: 15397: 15165: 15130: 15115: 15100: 15055: 14990: 14629: 14604: 14519: 14499: 14449: 14419: 14409: 14189: 14149: 14129: 14109: 14012: 13563: 12600: 12259:"South Sudan says death penalty remains until constitution amended – Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan" 11903: 11646: 11069: 7699: 7601: 6944: 6650:"Internal Workings of the Soviet Union – Revelations from the Russian Archives | Exhibitions – Library of Congress" 4651: 3685: 2558: 17559: 13141: 12997: 12453: 12025: 10067: 8910: 1885:

for one sodomite and had another thrown head-first from the top of the highest building in the town; according to

17699: 17049: 16851: 16533: 16481: 16391: 16269: 16234: 16139: 16114: 15797: 15708: 15653: 15427: 15120: 14774: 14715: 14594: 14589: 14469: 14305: 14124: 13898: 13320: 11304: 10748: 5030: 5005: 4885: 4864: 4661: 4557: 4348:

explained in a speech given in Parliament against an amendment to abolish capital punishment for murder in 1868:

3868: 3837: 3802: 3798: 3689: 3641: 2660: 1587: 1280: 31: 17025: 10118: 8314:"The death penalty: Strike less hard – Most of the world's sharp decline in executions can be credited to China" 6191: 17862: 17836: 17826: 17216: 17198: 17098: 16902: 16878: 16254: 16204: 16159: 16149: 16134: 16124: 16109: 16089: 16064: 16054: 16044: 15698: 15688: 15673: 15220: 15195: 15045: 15040: 15020: 14985: 14970: 14659: 14609: 14564: 14544: 14534: 14434: 14310: 14257: 14204: 14199: 14174: 14032: 13169: 11152: 10940:

Paternoster, R. (18 September 2012). Capital Punishment. Oxford Handbooks Online. Retrieved 15 June 2016, from

9827: 9328: 6801: 5060: 4627:, which marked the first execution in Singapore since 2019 as a result of an informal moratorium caused by the 4574: 4202: 3872: 3857: 3774: 3762: 3637: 2461: 2432: 2405: 2274: 353: 27: 10491: 9012: 4790: 4436:

Trends in most of the world have long been to move to private and less painful executions. France adopted the

2029:

for defending their Christian faith through dramatic acts of resistance such as refusing to convert to Islam,

17309: 17237: 16274: 16249: 16154: 16094: 16069: 16039: 16029: 15703: 15678: 15658: 15442: 15422: 15205: 15175: 15160: 15145: 15135: 15125: 15090: 15085: 15035: 14980: 14955: 14850: 14810: 14634: 14549: 14529: 14414: 14404: 14229: 14179: 14139: 14092: 14087: 14077: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14037: 14022: 14017: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13841: 13255: 11051: 10716: 9723: 6857: 5623: 4993: 4959: 4811: 4072: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3766: 2638: 2483: 2457: 2278: 1742: 1574: 1570: 1229: 13487:

Orthodox Union website: Rabbi Yosef Edelstein: Parshat Beha'alotcha: A Few Reflections on Capital Punishment

12372:"16 MEPs Urge Bahrain to Release EU-Bahraini Dual Nationals and End Death Penalty Ahead of Brussels Meeting" 8104: 4450: 4299:

is the most important, and capital punishment violates it without necessity and inflicts to the condemned a

4097:

Crimes against the state, such as attempting to overthrow government (most countries with the death penalty)

2709: 2396: 1738: 17709: 17599: 16912: 16209: 16164: 16104: 16079: 16034: 15933: 15683: 15663: 15616: 15447: 15392: 15337: 15215: 15210: 15150: 15105: 15065: 14960: 14941: 14889: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14815: 14679: 14614: 14579: 14514: 14494: 14484: 14444: 14429: 14424: 14320: 14224: 14214: 14194: 14184: 14169: 14164: 14144: 14114: 14082: 14067: 14042: 13978: 13265: 12927:, "a throwback to the postwar liberal Republican appointees", questioned the validity of "the doctrine of 12919: 12313: 10660: 10594: 5520: 5064: 5026: 5022: 4730: 4723: 4416: 4403: 4284: 4267: 3971: 3782: 3437: 3335: 2656: 2293: 680: 463: 246: 16836: 12499: 12473: 12232: 11461:"Looking Deathworthy: Perceived Stereotypicality of Black Defendants Predicts Capital-Sentencing Outcomes" 8641: 8601: 4270:, who says that the punishment must be painful in proportion to the crime. Eighteenth-century philosopher 4181:

or aggravated robbery (Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kenya, Zambia, Ethiopia, the US state of Georgia etc.)

3302:

The use of the death penalty is becoming increasingly restrained in some retentionist countries including

17895: 17319: 16239: 16119: 16084: 15852: 15842: 15822: 15769: 15668: 15507: 15190: 15140: 15095: 15080: 15060: 15050: 15025: 14965: 14899: 14884: 14874: 14820: 14720: 14639: 14599: 14574: 14554: 14489: 14464: 14454: 14439: 14209: 14134: 14104: 13768: 13556: 13334:: includes a monthly watchlist of upcoming executions and death penalty statistics for the United States. 11305:"Volunteers for Execution: Directions for Further Research into Grief, Culpability, and Legal Structures" 9631: 8878: 7896: 4378: 3853: 3849: 3806: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3770: 3754: 3622: 2668: 2664: 2652: 2573:

retained the penalty until 1984). In South Australia, under the premiership of then-Premier Dunstan, the

2466: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2119: 2026: 1336: 1248: 732: 434: 426: 17326: 9209: 7950:"Death penalty 2020: Despite Covid-19, some countries ruthlessly pursued death sentences and executions" 4208:

Advocates of the death penalty argue that it deters crime, is a good tool for police and prosecutors in

3354:

on the death penalty on 20 November 2004, although it has not yet performed any further executions. The

2510:

In the United States between 1972 and 1976 the death penalty was declared unconstitutional based on the

1661:

Plato saw the death penalty as a means of purification, because crimes are a "defilement". Thus, in the

1130:, and vary depending on the jurisdiction, but commonly include serious crimes against a person, such as 17704: 17304: 16844: 16722: 16284: 16244: 16199: 16099: 15928: 15885: 15807: 15693: 15402: 15200: 15110: 15000: 14925: 14855: 14830: 14825: 14767: 14559: 14524: 14479: 14474: 14383: 13962: 13908: 10788:"High Court found Malaysian drug trafficker did not have mild intellectual disability: Singapore envoy" 10738: 10301: 7669: 6428: 6379: 6324: 6252: 4462: 4446: 4358: 3990: 3861: 3750: 3746: 3649: 3523: 2034: 1910: 1644: 1312: 376: 35: 14800: 12147: 9719: 7330: 5637: 3319:. During the 1980s, the democratisation of Latin America swelled the ranks of abolitionist countries. 17910: 17472: 17410: 16779: 13605: 13419: 13279: 12733: 11699:"Singapore: Shameful resumption of executions after more than two years won't end drug-related crime" 11411: 8991: 8131:"Il 43% degli italiani vuole la pena di morte: Una conseguenza della crisi e della cultura dell'odio" 6371:

A History of the Crusades, Volume 1: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

6370: 6178: 4045: 3358:

re-introduced the death penalty in 1993 after abolishing it in 1987, but again abolished it in 2006.

3315:

signed a law which allows to use capital punishment against officials and soldiers convicted of high

2424: 2282: 2194: 1949: 1716: 1392: 801: 338: 11803: 11477: 9306: 8243: 7804:"AIUK : Sri Lanka: President urged to prevent return to death penalty after 29-year moratorium" 6909: 6850:"Kazakhstan's President Signs Law Abolishing Death Penalty and Law on Commissioner for Human Rights" 5803:. Historical guides to controversial issues in America. Santa Barbara, Calif: Greenwood. p. 8. 2118:

which justifies punishment as a form of deterrence as opposed to retribution, can be traced back to

17654: 17522: 17494: 15645: 14391: 14367: 13079: 13075: 13059: 11975:

Kelly O'Connor, "Abortion in the Americas: Article 4(1) of the American Convention on Human Rights"

9428: 7464: 6174: 4534: 4426: 3680:

There is evidence that child executions are taking place in the parts of Somalia controlled by the

2735: 2550: 2346: 2103: 1979: 1937: 1922: 1766: 1566: 1024:, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. The 102: 11236: 9469: 8000: 6531: 5521:"Shot at Dawn, campaign for pardons for British and Commonwealth soldiers executed in World War I" 4407:

functioning of life. Despite the international outcry, Nagaenthran was executed on 27 April 2022.

4226: 2308:

as part of series of Omnibus reformations of the Kazak legal system 'Listening State' initiative.

2221: 2077: 1835:. As a result, tens of thousands of women were prosecuted for witchcraft and executed through the 1518: 17780: 17443: 17037: 15989: 13711: 13218: 13173: 13112: 10275: 7040: 6105: 4872: 4399: 3947: 3907:

formal public executions occurred in 1868 in Britain, in 1936 in the U.S. and in 1939 in France.

2529: 2184: 1847: 1283:

has adopted, throughout the years from 2007 to 2020, eight non-binding resolutions calling for a

1166: 264: 11951: 9737: 6037: 5088: 4845:

first amend its Constitution, and until that happens it will continue to use the death penalty.

4445:

where the subject is dropped a longer distance to dislocate the neck and sever the spinal cord.

1889:, the latter punishment must be followed by stoning. Other medieval Muslim leaders, such as the 17905: 17393: 17333: 17171: 15762: 13617: 11472: 11034:"Thirty Years of Executions with Reasonable Doubts: A Brief Analysis of Some Modern Executions" 10608: 8060: 6320: 4806: 4542: 3674: 2440: 2409: 2373: 2200: 2106:. The period saw an increase in standing police forces and permanent penitential institutions. 1933: 1715:, argued in support of the killing of conspirators without judgment by decision of the Senate ( 1616:

in about 621 BC: the death penalty was applied for a particularly wide range of crimes, though

993: 737: 702: 323: 13384: 12996: 12452: 12346: 10951: 10406: 9493: 9487: 7297: 7270: 7243: 7162: 6623: 6574: 5311: 5188: 4608:

On 30 March 2022, despite the appeals by the United Nations and rights activists, 68-year-old

17848: 17629: 17529: 17482: 17426: 14918: 13955: 13738: 13726: 13600: 13527: 13521: 13028: 13022: 12751: 12550:

Greenberg, David F.; West, Valerie (2 May 2008). "Siting the Death Penalty Internationally".

11777:"Majority of Singapore residents still support death penalty in latest MHA survey: Shanmugam" 10441: 9774:"The Big Read: Capital punishment – a little more conversation on a matter of life and death" 7807: 7437: 7216: 7082: 6974: 6416: 6365: 6316: 6096: 5222: 4637: 4300: 4295:

Abolitionists believe capital punishment is the worst violation of human rights, because the

3718: 3515: 2647:, have abolished capital punishment either in law or in practice; notable exceptions are the 2479:

In the United States, Michigan was the first state to ban the death penalty, on 18 May 1846.

2401: 2305: 2183:, shirking under enemy fire and disobeying orders were often crimes punishable by death (see 2050: 1983: 1941: 1640: 1316: 1255: 1096: 650: 566: 348: 207: 77: 13067: 12974: 12951: 12874: 12853: 12829: 12619: 10638: 9887:"Malaysian Government's plans to abolish death penalty could save Sydney grandmother's life" 9523: 7189: 6466: 6308: 5993:, Wellcome Trust–Funded Monographs and Book Chapters, Basingstoke (UK): Palgrave Macmillan, 3311:. The only retentionist country in Europe is Belarus and in March 2023 Belarusian President 1820:

In early modern Europe, a mass panic regarding witchcraft swept across Europe and later the

1789:

keepers and transported to the execution ground in a cart rather than having to walk there.

17763: 17517: 17477: 17453: 17093: 16939: 16727: 13866: 13706: 13503: 9921: 9891: 8437:"Majority of Canadians are in favour of bringing back the death penalty, new poll suggests" 8288:"Gang rapists sentenced to death in India: Is capital punishment making a global comeback?" 7729: 7358: 7078: 6467:"Improvement as the Foundation of Liberty: Locke on Labour, Equality, and Civic Membership" 5486: 4935: 4632: 4395: 4002: 3714: 3681: 3497: 3495:. The U.S. Supreme Court abolished capital punishment for offenders under the age of 16 in 3363: 3312: 2546: 2213: 2188: 2022: 796: 615: 202: 182: 15974: 13147:

Texas Department of Criminal Justice: list of executed offenders and their last statements

11178: 10170: 8602:"Pleading the Belly: A Sparing Plea? Pregnant Convicts and the Courts in Medieval England" 8578: 8504: 8391: 6126: 5709:

Platonisme politique et théorie du droit naturel: Le platonisme politique dans l'antiquité

5682:

Platonisme politique et théorie du droit naturel: Le platonisme politique dans l'antiquité

4899: 4059:

In April 2023, legislation abolishing the mandatory death penalty was passed in Malaysia.

2357:. However, the ban only lasted 12 years. Following his conversion to Christianity in 988, 8: 17694: 17671: 17564: 17551: 17460: 17400: 17381: 17353: 17181: 17134: 15719: 14689: 14360: 13743: 13731: 13660: 13406: 13373: 13284: 12753:

The ethics of medical involvement in capital punishment : a philosophical discussion

12730: 12398:"Letter from MEPs on Human Rights Abuses in Bahrain in Light of EU Cooperation Agreement" 10380: 7509: 6046: 4860: 4493: 4279: 4263: 3994: 3488: 3323: 2453: 2376: 2233: 2038: 1770: 1459: 1451: 1323:

times the executions themselves often involved torture with painful methods, such as the

764: 551: 529: 343: 20: 14759: 13228: 13136: 12810:

The Next Frontier: National Development, Political Change, and the Death Penalty in Asia

12739:

Davis, David Brion. "The movement to abolish capital punishment in America, 1787–1861."

11520:

Butler, Ryden; Nyhan, Brendan; Montgomery, Jacob M.; Torres, Michelle (1 January 2018).

10864:"Singapore executes Malaysian on drugs charges after rejecting mental disability appeal" 10817:"Death penalty protest at Speakers' Corner as it reopens 2 years after Covid-19 closure" 9149: 6513:

Marcello Maestro, "A pioneer for the abolition of capital punishment: Cesare Beccaria."

5344: 5158: 2742:, Iran has had the world's highest per capita execution rate. A 2012 EU report from the 17297: 16946: 16907: 15982: 13903: 13815: 13671: 12932: 12928: 12795: 12567: 12288: 11751:"Will 2022 signal sea change in the death penalty for drugs?: Jakarta Post contributor" 11498: 10574: 9698: 9690: 8026: 7703: 6551: 6496: 6182: 6156: 6140: 5882: 5785: 5763: 5218: 5033:

allow for it only in exceptional situations (such as treason committed during wartime).

4890:

The world's major faiths have differing views depending on the religion, denomination,

4849: 4822: 4612: 4514: 4454: 4341: 4325: 4161: 4103:

Rape (China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Brunei, etc.)

3778: 3577: 3519: 3483:

and in the United States, an estimated 365 juvenile offenders were executed by various

3019: 2577:(SA) was modified so that the death sentence was changed to life imprisonment in 1976. 2524: 2496: 2389: 2358: 1953: 1945: 1870: 1590:

lays down the death penalty for murder, kidnapping, practicing magic, violation of the

1542: 1368: 1158: 747: 742: 707: 655: 645: 571: 442: 225: 220: 197: 192: 187: 112: 57: 17064: 15608: 15329: 13349: 13290: 12371: 12148:"Transfers of detainees: legal framework, non-refoulement and contemporary challenges" 11825: 11262: 11007: 10351: 8668: 8526: 7113: 7053: 6032: 4801:, Turkey made some legal changes. The death penalty was removed from peacetime law by 4529:

Capital punishment was abolished in the United Kingdom in part because of the case of

17900: 17795: 17726: 17586: 17581: 17539: 17247: 17010: 16975: 14744: 13443: 12981: 12957: 12924: 12880: 12859: 12835: 12814: 12799: 12757: 12705: 12671: 12625: 12604: 12571: 12563: 12507: 12095: 11725:"Singapore: Statement by the Spokesperson on the execution of Abdul Kahar bin Othman" 11543: 11490: 11486: 11459:

Eberhardt, J. L.; Davies, P. G.; Purdie-Vaughns, V. J.; Johnson, S. L. (1 May 2006).

11430: 11045: 10955: 10520: 10018: 9949: 9859: 9832: 9702: 9682: 9529: 9497: 9085: 9060: 9030: 8617: 8130: 7502:"Quick policy insight The death penalty in the Middle East and North Africa (page 6)" 7303: 7276: 7249: 7222: 7195: 7168: 7000: 6980: 6889: 6629: 6580: 6500: 6488: 6432: 6383: 6338: 6328: 6256: 6212: 6208: 6160: 6148: 6130: 6100: 6060: 6055: 6028: 6004: 5994: 5946: 5936: 5901: 5874: 5833: 5804: 5713: 5686: 5617: 5580: 5317: 5282: 5194: 5138: 5128: 4925: 4715: 4628: 4609: 4391: 4333: 4135: 4082: 3730: 3569: 3558: 3331: 2678: 2644: 2512: 2503:

Many countries have abolished capital punishment either in law or in practice. Since

2473: 2436: 2030: 1929: 1890: 1878: 1765:(618–907) when the death penalty was abolished. This was in the year 747, enacted by 1728: 1583: 1276: 1147: 986: 610: 591: 586: 318: 269: 259: 238: 107: 45:"Capital case" redirects here. For the written representation of some languages, see 17015: 12719: 12258: 11502: 10765: 9354: 8220: 6313:

Christian Martyrs under Islam: Religious Violence and the Making of the Muslim World

4780:

Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

1913:

were the last two Englishmen to be executed for sodomy in 1835. In 1636 the laws of

1174: 17867: 17721: 17186: 17146: 16922: 16892: 13696: 13691: 13681: 13612: 13494: 13451: 13435: 12787: 12697: 12652: 12640: 12559: 12532: 12162: 11999: 11598: 11533: 11482: 11426: 10947: 10332: 9674: 9016: 8609: 7830: 7524: 7414: 6676: 6543: 6478: 6204: 6200: 6122: 6050: 5866: 5482: 4920: 4719: 4487: 4430: 4345: 4115:

Kidnapping (China, Singapore, Bangladesh, the US states of Georgia and Idaho, etc.)

4006: 3955: 3897: 3585: 3581: 3580:, capital punishment was generally, including for juveniles, abolished by 1849. In 3546: 3503: 3472: 3351: 2539: 2534: 2518: 2045: 1902: 1882: 1874: 1613: 1551: 1340: 1300: 1100: 964: 949: 776: 561: 556: 541: 455: 308: 162: 97: 17020: 13164: 11121: 6649: 4221: 3989:, made the death penalty mandatory for murder, though Singapore later changed its 2334: 2326: 17821: 17649: 17448: 17431: 17338: 17088: 17044: 16998: 16917: 16875: 13878: 13795: 13391: 13245: 13158: 13151: 13119: 12905: 12808: 12726: 12656: 12644: 11982: 11927:"'Inhumane': Critics slam US vote against UN resolution condemning death penalty" 10745: 10452: 10437: 10298:"Discussion of Recent Deterrence Studies | Death Penalty Information Center" 10205: 9289: 9282: 9179: 9092: 8945: 7024: 6883: 6412: 6361: 5737: 5707: 4895: 4793:. About 50 of them were executed, the last one 25 October 1984. Then there was a 4053: 3670: 3562: 2447:

blocked executions (the last was in 1769), Leopold promulgated the reform of the

2417: 2416:

More recent opposition to the death penalty stemmed from the book of the Italian

2380: 2289:, who condemned the attack. Since then, Pakistan has executed over 400 convicts. 2217: 2180: 2131: 1918: 1814: 1750: 1697: 1662: 1556: 1495: 1483: 1475: 1332: 1202: 712: 603: 598: 371: 117: 15754: 12791: 11095: 10384: 9258:"Man sentenced to death for killing mother, baby daughter in 1999 seeks retrial" 4876:

Mohammed Habib Al-Muqdad, the two European-Bahraini dual citizens on death row.

4739:

the death penalty for war crimes in 2012, becoming the last EU member to do so.

4036:

warning that drug trafficking is a capital crime in the Republic of China (2005)

3655:

Japan has not executed juvenile criminals after August 1997, when they executed

3632:

Iran, despite its ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and

3463: 1636: 17641: 17609: 17571: 17343: 17267: 16968: 16934: 16897: 14910: 13947: 13820: 13716: 13686: 13622: 13180:

U.S. and 50 State death penalty/capital punishment law and other relevant links

12676: 12596: 10842: 8758:

Straftheorie im Dritten Reich – Entwicklung des Strafgedankens im Dritten Reich

8745:

Straftheorie im Dritten Reich – Entwicklung des Strafgedankens im Dritten Reich

8487:"Massive jump in number of French people in favour of the death penalty – poll" 8145:"Covid, 2020 anno della paura. 43% degli italiani a favore della pena di morte" 8082: 7485: 6186: 5986: 5351: 4868: 4442: 4374: 4370: 4243: 4151: 3939: 3928: 3664: 3656: 3595: 3573: 2365:, along with torture and mutilation; corporal punishment was also seldom used. 2362: 2286: 2127: 2066: 1898: 1806: 1598: 1525: 1487: 1455: 1400: 1324: 1268: 1264: 1108: 1025: 697: 692: 670: 386: 172: 13214: 13142:

Updates on the death penalty generally and capital punishment law specifically

12166: 9917:"Malaysia passes sweeping legal reforms to remove the mandatory death penalty" 9572:"Haunting Images Emerge of Hamas Public Execution of 18 Alleged Collaborators" 8689:

General State Laws for the Prussian States (1794), Part 20, § 17, Part 1, § 25

8613: 8527:"Saudi Arabia ends executions for crimes committed by minors, says commission" 4465:" remained steady over the period of the study. A separate study published in 3584:, it was abolished for youth and young adults under the age of 20 in 1816. In 2081: 1621: 17889: 17831: 17768: 17666: 14738: 14352: 13871: 13721: 13491: 13447: 13394:: an Australian organisation opposed to the Death Penalty in the Asian region 12910: 12720:

Cutting the Hangman's Noose: African Initiatives to Abolish the Death Penalty

12511: 11873: 11547: 11538: 11521: 11362: 11214: 9686: 8938: 8925:"Iran executes female juvenile offender despite grossly unfair legal process" 8606:

Crossing Borders: Boundaries and Margins in Medieval and Early Modern Britain

7831:"Philippines death penalty: A fight to stop the return of capital punishment" 6492: 6110: 6064: 6042: 5950: 5878: 5562: 5286: 5142: 5124: 4949: 4620: 4530: 4491:) that lethal injection does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment. In 4386: 4337: 4296: 4271: 4197: 4178: 4049: 3726: 3527: 2918: 2739: 2428: 2212:

Various authoritarian states employed the death penalty as a potent means of

1720: 1693: 1689: 1606: 1559:

or blood money). One of the more modern refinements of the blood feud is the

1372: 1356: 1295: 1135: 922: 675: 640: 635: 581: 536: 13934: 11460: 11065: 7135: 6745:"Afghanistan: Afghan Taliban condemned 'un-Islamic' Pakistan school carnage" 6152: 2277:

which in December 2014 lifted a six-year moratorium on executions after the

2232:

publicly stated that "800,000" people had been executed in China during the

1842: 1711:'s allies when he attempted to seize power in December, 63 BC. Cicero, then 1240: 17619: 17388: 17376: 16866: 13632: 13343: 12849: 11566:"Justices Let Alabama Execute Death Row Inmate Who Wanted Imam By His Side" 11494: 10686: 10099: 8441: 6424: 6235: 6144: 6008: 4549: 4498: 4481: 4471:

in 2005 found that in 43% of cases of lethal injection, the blood level of

4421: 4362: 4304: 4251: 4239: 4209: 3959: 3660: 3606: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3449: 3327: 2842: 2703: 2504: 2338: 2168: 2160: 2099: 1809:

was used during the Middle Ages and was still in use into the 19th century.

1782: 1762: 1712: 1704: 1625: 1522: 1415: 1225: 1206: 1143: 1084: 817: 723: 687: 665: 546: 381: 254: 87: 13455: 13301: 12701: 10464: 10336: 9455:"Public Executions: Understand the "Cruel and Unusual Punishments" Clause" 8665:"Table of juvenile executions in British America/United States, 1642–1959" 6483: 4091:

Treason (a capital crime in most countries that retain capital punishment)

3576:, all juveniles were exempted from the death penalty at least in 1866. In 2545:

In the United Kingdom, it was abolished for murder (leaving only treason,

2155: 17731: 17624: 14748: 13861: 13701: 13676: 13666: 13627: 13520: 13405:, a 1900 photograph by William M. Vander Weyde, accompanied by a poem by 13021: 12936: 11384: 10547: 9602:"ISIS extremist reportedly kills his mother in public execution in Syria" 9276: 8001:"International Polls and Studies | Death Penalty Information Center" 7781: 7405: 5114: 4930: 4841: 4778:

There are also other international abolitionist instruments, such as the

4624: 4593: 4366: 4329: 4028: 3887:

Inert gas asphyxiation (Some U.S. states, Oklahoma, Mississippi, Alabama)

3267: 3244: 3044: 2561:(except for some military offences, with complete abolition in 1998); in 2443:, the first abolition in modern times. On 30 November 1786, after having 2384: 2225: 2144: 2115: 2111: 1987: 1832: 1746: 1734: 1419: 1384: 1380: 1344: 1328: 1210: 1139: 1112: 969: 907: 850: 845: 630: 620: 313: 212: 13424:

On death punishments: a paper read before the Dublin Statistical Society

11237:"Executed But Possibly Innocent | Death Penalty Information Center" 9105: 7650:"Belarus approves death penalty for officials convicted of high treason" 6249:

A Gay History of Britain: Love and Sex Between Men Since the Middle Ages

4690: 3737:

The following methods of execution have been used by various countries:

3617:

maintains that the death penalty for juveniles has become contrary to a

3609:

by all signatories with the exception of the United States (despite the

2062: 1801: 17614: 17594: 17360: 16958: 13825: 13789: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13763: 13475: 13113:

About.com's Pros & Cons of the Death Penalty and Capital Punishment

12772:

Ending the Death Penalty: The European Experience in Global Perspective

12744: 11280:. p. PART III EVIDENCE, ENFORCEMENT AND PUNISHMENT. Archived from 9694: 9662: 9106:"اختصاصی؛ حمیدرضا آذری، اعدام شده در زندان سبزوار، کمتر از ۱۸ سال داشت" 8461:"Slight Increase in Support for Death Penalty for Convicted Terrorists" 7856: 6555: 6518: 5886: 5854: 5100: 4848:

Among non-governmental organizations (NGOs), Amnesty International and

4763:

is the most recent country to ratify the protocol, on 19 October 2023.

4675:

15 November 2007 and was put to a vote in the Assembly on 18 December.

4467: 4437: 4321: 4320:

In the classic doctrine of natural rights as expounded by for instance

4231: 4174: 4157: 4118: 3998: 3916: 3710: 3618: 3433: 3370: 3070: 2448: 2229: 1991: 1967: 1901:), were often cruel in their punishments. In early modern England, the 1828: 1651: 1435: 1364: 1360: 1320: 1198: 1194: 927: 867: 862: 827: 822: 786: 411: 333: 157: 147: 92: 17127: 11673:"Man hanged in Singapore amid concern over surge of execution notices" 7500:

Calvieri, Anastasia; Hakala, Pekka; Bandone, Anete (4 December 2012).

5120:

Killers of the Flower Moon: The Osage Murders and the Birth of the FBI

4525: 17284: 17076: 16757: 13883: 13856: 13758: 13548: 13439: 9632:"Video: Taliban shoot woman 9 times in public execution as men cheer" 8579:"Stop Child Executions! Ending the death penalty for child offenders" 7853:"21-year-old man given death penalty for 2021 murder, arson in Japan" 6375: 6118: 5987:"Introduction: A Global History of Execution and the Criminal Corpse" 5930: 5829: 5565:, "Whosoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed." 4954: 4616: 4562: 4382: 4255: 4077:

Other crimes that are punishable by death in some countries include:

3943: 3376:

According to an Amnesty International report released in April 2020,

3347: 3308: 2943: 2487: 2354: 2333:

In 724 AD in Japan, the death penalty was banned during the reign of

2176: 2172: 2135: 1886: 1862: 1724: 1673: 1491: 1463: 1308: 1182: 1162: 1154: 1041: 1036:. A prisoner who has been sentenced to death and awaits execution is 1028:

ordering that an offender be punished in such a manner is known as a

974: 937: 884: 879: 874: 857: 832: 791: 660: 576: 292: 152: 82: 46: 13260: 13009:

Steiker, Carol S. "Capital punishment and American exceptionalism."

11998:. Office of the UN High Commissioner on Human Rights. Archived from 11522:"Revisiting white backlash: Does race affect death penalty opinion?" 11458: 11385:"Racial Bias | National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty" 11144: 9678: 7164:

Murder and Its Consequences: Essays on Capital Punishment in America

6547: 6247:

Cook, Matt; Mills, Robert; Trumback, Randolph; Cocks, Harry (2007).

5870: 4770: 4205:(ACLU), whose main purpose includes abolition of the death penalty. 2345:

and it lasted until 1156. In China, the death penalty was banned by

1952:

multiple times at the hands of Arab Muslim officials and rulers. As

406: 17659: 17604: 17257: 17110: 16963: 13888: 13800: 13337: 13331: 13124: 13078:

external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

10661:"Ethics – Capital punishment: Arguments against capital punishment" 7410: 4472: 4259: 4247: 4141:

Blasphemy (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan, certain states in Nigeria)

4011: 3986: 3951: 3445: 2262: 1975: 1971: 1866: 1846:

The burning of Jakob Rohrbach, a leader of the peasants during the

1825: 1824:. During this period, there were widespread claims that malevolent 1708: 1609: 1602: 1547: 1486:

are punished by the death penalty. In militaries around the world,

1423: 1396: 1376: 1186: 1170: 954: 944: 932: 917: 891: 840: 625: 512: 13500:

The Death Penalty: Why the Church Speaks a Countercultural Message

11412:"Persuasion and Resistance: Race and the Death Penalty in America" 10712: 7218:

Social Work and Human Rights: A Foundation for Policy and Practice

6342: 5604:. History-world.org. Archived from the original on 21 October 2010 5025:

have completely abolished capital punishment, while a few such as

17743: 13810: 13805: 13753: 13748: 13637: 13595: 13326: 13315: 13270: 13185:

Two audio documentaries covering execution in the United States:

11213:. National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. Archived from 8725:

North German Confederation Criminal Law (1871), § 57 par. 1 nr. 1

7871:"Kazakhstan scraps death penalty after nearly 20-year moratorium" 7654: 5380:

A Record 120 Nations Adopt UN Death-Penalty Moratorium Resolution

4826: 4825:

countries that have recently abolished the death penalty include

4760: 4170: 4144: 3962:

in 1948, but starting in the 1990s, ad hoc tribunals such as the

3722: 3696:

as a welcome attempt to secure children's rights in the country.

3615:

UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights

3554: 3550: 3511: 3339: 3316: 3288: 3146: 3095: 2892: 2228:

of 1936 to 1938, almost all by a bullet to the back of the head.

2102:, justice came to be increasingly associated with the concept of 1914: 1906: 1894: 1873:, apparently recommended toppling a wall on the culprit, or else 1591: 1467: 1352: 1348: 1234: 1178: 1104: 1092: 959: 912: 137: 13538:: offers a Catholic perspective and provides resources and links 13428:

Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland

7054:"Capital punishment | Definition, Debate, Examples, & Facts" 6291:

Gay and Lesbian Educators: Personal Freedoms, Public Constraints

6173: 5524: 4829:, which abolished the death penalty for all crimes in 2009, and 4369:

and Kokila Annamalai and even the international groups like the

4309:

Reflections on the Guillotine, Resistance, Rebellion & Death

2412:

in 1786, making it the first country in modern history to do so.

2322: 2318:

Use of capital punishment by country § Abolition chronology

17738: 17292: 13413:

Lead prosecutor apologizes for role in sending man to death row

13361: 12944:

Is the Death Penalty Dying?: European and American Perspectives

12500:"Pope Francis Declares Death Penalty Unacceptable in All Cases" 7268: 6196: 6114: 5190:

A Dictionary of Modern English Usage: The Classic First Edition

4786: 4601: 3693: 3303: 3219: 2994: 2350: 2342: 2013: 2008: 1996: 1958: 1854: 1499: 1431: 1427: 1190: 1131: 519: 328: 287: 127: 16:

Killing a person as punishment for allegedly committing a crime

13291:

Clark County, Indiana, Prosecutor's Page on capital punishment

12923:, vol. LXVI, no. 14 (26 September 2019), pp. 20, 22, 24. 12096:":: Multilateral Treaties – Department of International Law –" 11118:"The Innocence Project – News and Information: Press Releases" 10119:"The Anti-Sorcery Squad of Saudi Arabia – Mysterious Universe" 9996:"Duo who trafficked heroin escape gallows, get life in prison" 8796:

Publication Patent of the Austrian Criminal Law (1852), Art. 1

4041:

countries may retain the death penalty for symbolic purposes.

2500:

warfare" and all sentences were commuted and not carried out.

2204:

in retaliation for the assassination of 1 German policeman in

2143:

petty theft or stealing cattle. The severity of the so-called

1737:

was a form of punishment first employed by the Romans against

1731:, and especially for slaves, who were transferrable property. 13851: 12533:"Bahá'í Reference Library – The Kitáb-i-Aqdas, Pages 203–204" 12434:"Death Penalty Development: A Conditional Advance of Justice" 11647:"Singapore hangs drug trafficker in resumption of executions" 5089:"The Abolition of Capital Punishment in Italy and San Marino" 4903: 4834: 4830: 4131: 3912: 3457: 3453: 3429: 3377: 3196: 3171: 3120: 2867: 2791: 2368:

In England, a public statement of opposition was included in

2002: 1861:) regarding the punishments of sodomy ordered by some of the 1655: 1617: 1490:

have imposed death sentences for offences such as cowardice,

1471: 1447: 1439: 1217: 1065: 12207:"Death Penalty: Hands Off Cain Announces Abolition in Gabon" 12181:"Burundi abolishes the death penalty but bans homosexuality" 11263:"Singapore – The death penalty: A hidden toll of executions" 10942:

Paternoster, Ray (29 September 2011). Tonry, Michael (ed.).

9856:"Malaysia to abolish death penalty; Bill may be tabled soon" 7381:"Amnesty: Almost 1,000 prisoners executed worldwide in 2017" 6976:

The Orthodox Church: An Introduction to Eastern Christianity

6277:

Chicago Whispers: A History of LGBT Chicago before Stonewall

4475:

was insufficient to guarantee unconsciousness. However, the

3373:

on 2 January 2021 after a moratorium dating back 2 decades.

3307:

retentionist countries are situated in Asia, Africa and the

2431:, of torture and the death penalty. Influenced by the book, 2098:

In the last several centuries, with the emergence of modern

1173:, along with crimes against the state such as attempting to 16004: 13367: 12675: 11519: 9236:"Japan hangs 2 inmates including man who killed 4 as minor" 9095:; BBCnews.co.uk; 6 December 2007; Retrieved 6 December 2007 8410:"Folha de S.Paulo: Notícias, Imagens, Vídeos e Entrevistas" 7543:. Singapore Democratic Party. 16 March 2010. Archived from 7460:"Zarif slams US silence on mass executions in Saudi Arabia" 5638:"capital punishment (law) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia" 5602:"Greece, A History of Ancient Greece, Draco and Solon Laws" 4891: 4287:, although it may be inflicted in Singapore, for example). 4124: 3441: 2968: 2815: 2751: 1963: 1666: 1560: 1533: 1443: 1407: 1221: 1150: 122: 13914:

Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United Nations

13364:: American group dedicated to abolishing the death penalty 13344:

Amnesty International – Abolish the death penalty Campaign

10679: 9210:"Saudi Arabia ends death penalty for minors and floggings" 8911:"Annual report on the death penalty in Iran, October 2018" 7167:(2 ed.). Northwestern University Press. p. 143. 4810:

exceptions of Russia (which has entered a moratorium) and

2713:

Number of abolitionist and retentionist countries by year

2663:. Additionally, capital punishment is also carried out in 2490:

followed suit and abolished the death penalty in 1863 and

1628:

also used the death penalty for a wide range of offences.

1032:, and the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an 17122: 16871: 14789: 13003:

A manual of moral theology for English-speaking countries

12915:

The Making of a Justice: Reflections on My First 94 Years

12498:

Povoledo, Elisabetta; Goodstein, Laurie (2 August 2018).

12459:

A manual of moral theology for English-speaking countries

11804:"Journée contre la peine de mort : le monde décide!" 11621:"When will we stop killing "small people" who need care?" 11333:"Death Penalty and Race | Amnesty International USA" 11302: 10431:"The Death Penalty In 2011: Three Things You Should Know" 9946:

The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2018

9355:"Methods of execution – Death Penalty Information Center" 9303:"UNICEF lauds move by Somalia to ratify child convention" 7324:"Abolitionist and Retentionist Countries as of July 2018" 6601:

The Story of Civilization, Volume IX: The Age of Voltaire

6572: 6106:

Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature

6090: 6088: 6086: 5473:

So common was the practice of compensation that the word

4541:

It is frequently argued that capital punishment leads to

3964:

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

3369:

The most recent country to abolish the death penalty was

2528:(2002; death penalty unconstitutional for people with an 1921:

included a sentence of death for sodomy and buggery. The

1703:

A historic debate, followed by a vote, took place in the

771: 13379: 11822:"Abolish the death penalty | Amnesty International" 10570:"The Death Penalty Needs to Be an Option for Punishment" 9720:"The Practical Guide to Humanitarian Law: Death Penalty" 9180:"Sri Lankan maid Rizana Nafeek beheaded in Saudi Arabia" 8638:"Execution of Juveniles in the U.S. and other Countries" 4938:, sometimes referred to as the "corporate death penalty" 4698:

affirms the prohibition on capital punishment in the EU.

4583: 1853:

The death penalty also targeted sexual offences such as

1438:

carry the death penalty, as do religious crimes such as

1379:. Other methods which appear only in legend include the 15638: 15359: 13535: 13215:

Singapore's Mandatory Death Penalty on Drug Trafficking

12913:, "The Last of His Kind" (review of John Paul Stevens, 10598:, film about retributive justice and capital punishment 9803:"Singapore completes review of mandatory death penalty" 9796: 9794: 9489:

Public Executions: From Ancient Rome to the Present Day

8769:

Constitutio Criminalis Theresiana (1770), § 6 par. 1, 2

8266:"Taiwan woman faces execution over fire that killed 46" 8105:"In U.S., 64% Support Death Penalty in Cases of Murder" 7567:"Indonesia: First Execution in 4 Years a Major Setback" 7481:"Iran Wins World Record for Most Executions Per Capita" 7299:

Constitutional Law and Criminal Justice, Second Edition

6802:"Philippines Moves Closer to Reinstating Death Penalty" 6775:"465 prisoners sent to gallows since 2014, says report" 5577:

The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International Law

3875:, the People's Republic of China, Vietnam (after 2011)) 2750:

as having the highest per capita execution rate in the

13472:

Message supporting the moratorium on the death penalty

13398:

Winning a war on terror: eliminating the death penalty

10843:"Nagaenthran son of K Dharmalingam v Attorney-General" 10739:

Voluntary Euthanasia and the Inalienable Right to Life

9305:. Xinhua News Agency. 20 November 2009. Archived from 8374:"Why the death penalty won't solve SA's crime problem" 6246: 6083: 4814:, which are not members of the Council of Europe. The 3249: 3229: 3224: 3201: 3181: 3176: 3156: 3151: 3131: 3125: 3105: 3100: 3080: 3075: 3055: 3049: 3029: 3024: 3004: 2999: 2979: 2973: 2953: 2948: 2928: 2923: 2903: 2897: 2877: 2872: 2852: 2847: 2827: 2821: 2800: 2439:, abolished the death penalty in the then-independent 12376:

Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain

12048:"Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 187" 12024:. Amnesty International. 9 April 2013. Archived from 11952:"U.N. Assembly calls for moratorium on death penalty" 11184:. Death Penalty Information Center. 9 December 2015. 10946:. The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Criminal Justice. 10212: 7541:"Heroin smuggler challenges Singapore death sentence" 7499: 6532:"Bentham's Utilitarian Critique of the Death Penalty" 6445: 5991:

A Global History of Execution and the Criminal Corpse

5445:"Furman v. Georgia – MR. JUSTICE BRENNAN, concurring" 5345:"Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union" 4797:

moratorium on the death penalty in Turkey. As a move

3625:. A majority of countries are also party to the U.N. 16773:

White defendants executed for killing a black victim

10811: 10809: 9791: 9521: 9126:. Amnesty International. 12 May 2009. Archived from 6719:"Map: Which countries still have the death penalty?" 5932:

China's golden age everyday life in the Tang dynasty

5382:, 18 December 2018, Death Penalty Information Center 4789:, over 500 people were sentenced to death after the 4709:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

4262:

and genocide. This argument is strongly defended by

3927:"Capital crimes" redirects here. For the novel, see 3634:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

3627:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

3518:

in 1751 for children under the age of 11 and by the

1395:

compensation by the wrongdoer, corporal punishment,

1216:

The top 3 countries by the number of executions are

12587: 12465: 12233:"HANDS OFF CAIN against death penalty in the world" 10274:. Math.dartmouth.edu. 10 March 1973. Archived from 9885:Shelton, Tracey; Renaldi, Erwin (11 October 2018). 9150:"Saudi Arabia executes seven men for armed robbery" 9124:"Juveniles among five men beheaded in Saudi Arabia" 9061:"Iran Does Far Worse Than Ignore Gays, Critics Say" 8707:

Bavarian Criminal Law (1813), Art. 99, par. 1 nr. 1

7752:"HANDS OFF CAIN against death penalty in the world" 6279:. University of Wisconsin Press. 2012. p. 248. 5666: 4696:

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

4669: Death penalty in legislation, but not applied 2341:abolished the death penalty under the influence of 2337:but the abolition only lasted a few years. In 818, 1273:

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

13032:. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 12973: 10369: 10068:"Idaho Statutes: Title 18: Crimes and Punishments" 9663:"Applying the Death Penalty to Crimes of Genocide" 8956: 8954: 8859:Swiss Military Criminal Law (1928), Art. 14 par. 1 7214: 6566: 4394:based on protection of human rights. However, the 4127:(Saudi Arabia, Iran, Qatar, Brunei, Nigeria, etc.) 26:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see 15784: 13432:Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland 13239:Keep life without parole and death penalty intact 13062:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines 12497: 11559: 11557: 10806: 9971:"A street urchin's journey to Death Row and back" 9019:, 17 September 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2008. 8503:. Internationaljusticeproject.org. Archived from 8083:"Troy Davis' execution and the limits of Twitter" 6421:The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book 5799:Melusky, Joseph Anthony; Pesto, Keith A. (2011). 5305: 5303: 4521:List of wrongful convictions in the United States 1956:, Christians under Muslim rule were subjected to 1118:Crimes that are punishable by death are known as 17887: 14940: 13977: 12807:Johnson, David T.; Zimring, Franklin E. (2009). 10762:"John Stuart Mill, Speech on Capital Punishment" 10349: 9878: 9738:"Understanding the International Criminal Court" 8392:"Study examines death penalty support in Mexico" 7187: 6692:"The Desperate Plight Behind "Darkness at Noon"" 6621: 6529: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6356: 6354: 6352: 4718:. The Council of Europe are willing to accept a 4357:In one of the most recent cases relating to the 4167:Arson (Algeria, Tunisia, Mali, Mauritania, etc.) 1311:has been used by nearly all societies since the 16994:Drug and precursor laws by country or territory 16811:National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty 13380:National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty 13323:International anti-death penalty campaign group 12093: 10198:"Cruel and Unusual: Executing the mentally ill" 8980: 8964:. Iranwpd.com. 10 February 2012. Archived from 8951: 7160: 6881: 5523:. Shot at Dawn Pardons Campaign. Archived from 5168: 4816:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 4805:in August 2002, and in May 2004 Turkey amended 2691: States with a valid death penalty statute 14382: 13418: 12806: 12491: 12122:"Death Penalty Cannot be Reinstated in Turkey" 11554: 11409: 11040:. Archived from the original on 4 August 2007. 9911: 9909: 9884: 9848: 9820: 9550:"Death penalty statistics, country by country" 7596: 7594: 7592: 7430:"death sentences and executions 2009 (page 8)" 7353: 7351: 7295: 7262: 7241: 6302: 6300: 5706:Neschke, Ada Babette; Follon, Jacques (1995). 5679:Neschke, Ada Babette; Follon, Jacques (1995). 5300: 4429:in California formerly used for executions by 4192:Capital punishment debate in the United States 16852: 16816:Supreme Court decisions on capital punishment 15990: 15770: 15624: 15345: 14926: 14775: 14368: 13963: 13939: 13564: 13376:: Demanding a Moratorium on the Death Penalty 13298:– Famous Quotes supporting Capital Punishment 13229:Studies showing the death penalty saves lives 12549: 12471: 12454:"Book 6: Part V. The Fifth Commandment" 11801: 11403: 11359:"Racial Bias | Equal Justice Initiative" 10898:A Ride to India across Persia and Baluchistan 10521:"Does Death Penalty Save Lives? A New Debate" 9937: 9517: 9515: 9513: 9427:. Executions.justsickshit.com. Archived from 8962:"Iran changes law for execution of juveniles" 8814:Austrian Military Criminal Law (1855), § 3 d) 8734:German Criminal Law (1872), § 57 par. 1 nr. 1 8281: 8279: 6455:, at 269–71 (Charles B. Chavel trans., 1967). 6396: 6349: 6309:"Introduction: Christian Martyrs under Islam" 5705: 5678: 5313:Human rights law and practice, second edition 5154: 5152: 5036: 4597:core principle of denominational neutrality. 4592:In Alabama in 2019, a death row inmate named 2027:were executed under the Islamic death penalty 1275:prohibits the use of capital punishment. The 1232:, 111 countries have completely abolished it 994: 485: 15743:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 13352:: Information on anti-death penalty policies 12942:Sarat, Austin and Juergen Martschukat, eds. 12617: 12314:"Lebanon: Don't Resurrect the Death Penalty" 10609:"New York Law School :: Robert Blecker" 10272:"John W. Lamperti | Capital Punishment" 10189: 10163: 10014:"Saudi Arabia executed six people yesterday" 8988:"مجازات قصاص برای افراد زیر 18 سال ممنوع شد" 8805:Austrian Military Criminal Law (1855), § 121 8698:Codex Iuris Bavarici Criminalis (1751), § 14 7925:"Egypt executes 11 prisoners amid criticism" 7780:. Cadpnet.com. 31 March 2012. Archived from 7670:"Why a world day against the death penalty?" 7289: 7272:Encyclopedia of Death & Human Experience 7208: 7079:"Death Sentences and Executions Report 2015" 6877: 6875: 6573:Mark Jones; Peter Johnstone (22 July 2011). 6523: 5798: 5419:"Criminal Justice: Capital Punishment Focus" 5174: 4833:which did the same in 2010. On 5 July 2012, 3388: 1936:between the 7th and 10th centuries suffered 1213:were an instrument of political repression. 12994: 12450: 10941: 9906: 9028: 8939:Convention of the Rights of the Child – FAQ 8868:Swiss Military Criminal Law (1979), Art. 14 8242:蕭, 承訓; 陳, 志賢; 郭, 建伸; 周, 毓翔 (17 July 2018). 7589: 7348: 7316: 7235: 7071: 6625:The criminal law of Japan: the general part 6536:The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 6464: 6297: 6232:The Caliphate: Its Rise, Decline, and Fall. 6021: 5985:Ward, Richard (2015), Ward, Richard (ed.), 5059:abolished the death penalty in 1995, while 4859:An open letter led by Danish Member of the 4754: 4748: 4734: 4344:, in anticipation of an actual verdict. As 4069:Capital punishment for non-violent offenses 2379:, life was ensured as a basic right in its 2198:50 Poles tried and sentenced to death by a 2056: 1077: 1069: 1049: 16859: 16845: 15997: 15983: 15777: 15763: 15631: 15617: 15352: 15338: 14933: 14919: 14782: 14768: 14375: 14361: 13970: 13956: 13571: 13557: 13518: 13137:1000+ Death Penalty links all in one place 12855:Capital punishment: a balanced examination 12827: 12778:Hood, Roger (2001). "Capital Punishment". 12677:"Seventh Sunday: Capital Punishment" 12670: 11850:. Amnesty International. 9 December 2007. 10544:""Killing Time" | January 23rd, 2008" 10195: 9800: 9510: 9283:"Somalia to Ratify UN Child Rights Treaty" 8823:Helvetic Punishing Law (1799), § 48 par. 2 8276: 7406:"Singapore has highest death penalty rate" 7269:Clifton D. Bryant; Dennis L. Peck (2009). 7154: 7037:The death penalty: a worldwide perspective 6793: 5971: 5969: 5630: 5149: 4727:countries are classified as abolitionist. 4497:, the majority verdict – written by Judge 3968:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 2744:Directorate-General for External Relations 2408:), abolished the death penalty throughout 1932:, the Christian populations living in the 1001: 987: 492: 478: 13316:World Coalition Against the Death Penalty 13098:Learn how and when to remove this message 12474:"The Death Penalty Is a Failed Sacrifice" 12126:International Federation for Human Rights 11537: 11476: 11171: 10731: 9714: 9712: 9667:The American Journal of International Law 9485: 8787:Austrian Criminal Law (1852), §§ 2 d), 53 8161: 7976:"Can Norwegian punishment fit the crime?" 7602:"Abolitionist and retentionist countries" 7221:. Columbia University Press. p. 89. 7181: 6872: 6743:Sridharan, Vasudevan (17 December 2014). 6742: 6482: 6054: 5924: 5922: 4854:World Coalition Against the Death Penalty 4185: 2329:banned the death penalty in Japan in 724. 1831:were operating as an organised threat to 1303:about to be guillotined in France in 1894 1040:and is commonly referred to as being "on 17786:World Intellectual Property Organization 13358:International news on capital punishment 12872: 12621:Capital Punishment: A Reference Handbook 11564:Schwartz, Matthew S. (8 February 2019). 11563: 11155:from the original on 11 September 2011. 10635:"Immanuel Kant, The Philosophy of Right" 10541: 10446:"Executions and Death Sentences in 2011" 10444:, 26 March 2012, in particular the map, 10173:. Amnesty International. 10 April 2013. 10171:"Death Sentences and Executions in 2012" 9948:. London: Harm Reduction International. 9767: 9765: 9448: 9446: 9013:Iranian activists fight child executions 8716:Prussian Criminal Law (1851), § 43 nr. 1 8162:Di Cesare, Donatella (5 December 2020). 6822: 6799: 6411: 6360: 5902:"Crucifixion in Antiquity: The Evidence" 5015: 4987: 4965:List of prisoners with whole life orders 4769: 4689: 4650: 4524: 4420: 4410: 4225: 4027: 3985:Some countries, including Singapore and 3709: 3613:decisions abolishing the practice). The 3462: 2708: 2677: 2395: 2321: 2193: 2154: 2076: 1841: 1800: 1741:, and throughout the Republican era was 1635: 1565: 1509: 1294: 16006:Capital punishment in the United States 13919:Capital punishment for drug trafficking 13276:The Paradoxes of a Death Penalty Stance 13165:Answers.com entry on capital punishment 12876:Capital Punishment – Point-counterpoint 12848: 11996:"Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR" 11810:from the original on 15 September 2007. 11120:. Innoccenceproject.org. Archived from 10952:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195395082.001.0001 10465:"ACLU Capital Punishment Project (CPP)" 10222:. Amnesty International. Archived from 9943: 9801:Saad, Imelda; Ramesh, S (9 July 2012). 8555:. Amnesty International. Archived from 8344:"Youth 'want death penalty reinstated'" 8285: 8093:from the original on 23 September 2011. 7559: 7529:. London: Capital Punishments UK. 2022. 7329:. Amnesty International. Archived from 6885:13 ways of looking at the death penalty 6825:"Death penalty dead in Senate — Drilon" 5966: 5852: 5574: 5497:, ed. Alfred W. Pollard, et al. (1898). 5249:"Death Penalty 2021: Facts and Figures" 5086: 4970: 4024:Capital punishment for drug trafficking 2684:for certain federal and military crimes 2435:of Habsburg, the future emperor of the 2311: 1934:lands invaded by the Arab Muslim armies 1839:(between the 15th and 18th centuries). 1837:witch trials of the early modern period 17888: 17791:World Intellectual Property Indicators 17315:Fictional pornography depicting minors 16763:Participation of medical professionals 14791:Capital punishment in the Middle East 13578: 13544:: Why The Death Penalty Is un-Islamic? 13019: 12324:from the original on 25 September 2015 12145: 11924: 11296: 11142: 10978:"Unusual Cruelty at the Supreme Court" 10531:from the original on 17 November 2015. 10518: 10508:from the original on 3 September 2015. 10300:. Deathpenaltyinfo.org. Archived from 10107:from the original on 18 December 2016. 10092: 9709: 9582:from the original on 15 September 2014 9560:from the original on 31 December 2015. 8640:. Deathpenaltyinfo.org. Archived from 8599: 8398:from the original on 28 December 2017. 8033:from the original on 18 September 2017 7638:from the original on 31 December 2015. 7448:from the original on 30 December 2020. 7245:An Introduction to Criminal Psychology 7194:. Oxford University Press. p. 3. 7191:The Handbook of Crime & Punishment 6993: 6306: 6192:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 6027: 5919: 5823: 5316:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 192. 5186: 5049: 4943:The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints 4644: 4138:(Saudi Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan etc.) 3399:National Development Council of Taiwan 2724: Number of abolitionist countries 2718: Number of retentionist countries 2697: States without the death penalty 2370:The Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards 2285:terrorists, a group distinct from the 1905:stipulated hanging as punishment for " 1532:Elaborations of tribal arbitration of 1230:56 countries retain capital punishment 16840: 15978: 15758: 15612: 15333: 14914: 14763: 14356: 13951: 13938: 13552: 13340:: Statistical information and studies 13302:Studies spur new death penalty debate 12998:"Book 6: On Capital Punishment" 12971: 12949: 12269:from the original on 28 February 2014 12239:from the original on 25 February 2014 12213:from the original on 25 February 2014 12187:from the original on 18 February 2014 12155:International Review of the Red Cross 11854:from the original on 15 February 2008 11419:American Journal of Political Science 11312:Northwestern University School of Law 11191:from the original on 12 December 2015 11072:from the original on 24 November 2010 10615:from the original on 2 September 2013 10582:from the original on 7 December 2016. 10419:from the original on 26 October 2015. 10352:"Why not all executions deter murder" 10350:Shepherd, Joanna (14 December 2005). 10151:from the original on 12 December 2020 9762: 9660: 9462:Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 9443: 9405:(in Norwegian). Amnesty International 9361:from the original on 25 February 2011 8891:from the original on 13 November 2008 8434: 7478: 7359:"Death sentences and executions 2022" 7107: 6716: 6094: 5648:from the original on 22 November 2012 5275:"Why Japan retains the death penalty" 5180: 5113: 4584:Racial, ethnic, and social class bias 4508: 4377:argued for Malaysian drug trafficker 3706:List of methods of capital punishment 3603:Convention on the Rights of the Child 3412: 1990:(for Christians, it was forbidden to 1928:Historians recognise that during the 1287:, with a view to eventual abolition. 1261:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 15360:Capital punishment in North America 13924:Capital punishment for homosexuality 13536:Catholics Against Capital Punishment 13531:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 13464: 13338:The Death Penalty Information Center 13042: 12777: 12749: 12688: 12414:from the original on 10 October 2022 11900:"UN General Assembly – News Stories" 11880:from the original on 28 October 2012 11509:from the original on 31 August 2017. 11410:Peffley, Mark; Hurwitz, Jon (2007). 11339:from the original on 9 February 2014 11136: 10975: 10667:from the original on 9 February 2014 10377:"The High Cost of the Death Penalty" 10322: 10248:. Amnestyusa.org. 22 February 2008. 10129:from the original on 2 January 2017. 10074:from the original on 8 December 2020 10048:from the original on 9 December 2020 10026:from the original on 25 August 2017. 9771: 9750:from the original on 10 October 2022 9452: 9190:from the original on 16 January 2017 9160:from the original on 27 October 2013 9067:from the original on 22 October 2012 9053: 9041:from the original on 4 December 2012 8850:Zurich Criminal Law (1835), §§ 81–82 8778:Austrian Criminal Law (1803), § 2(d) 8553:"Executions of juveniles since 1990" 8241: 8174:from the original on 5 December 2020 7897:"Kazakhstan abolishes death penalty" 7778:"China Against Death Penalty (CADP)" 7758:from the original on 3 February 2014 7608:from the original on 9 February 2014 7361:. Amnesty International. 16 May 2023 6972: 6928: 6562:from the original on 31 August 2017. 5984: 5928: 5899: 5826:Crime and Punishment in Ancient Rome 5421:. criminaljusticedegreeschools.com. 5399:from the original on 27 January 2011 5395:. United Nations. 15 November 2007. 4980: 4916:Capital punishment for homosexuality 4034:Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport 3526:in 1871, which was continued by the 3419:Category:Executed juvenile offenders 2012:taxes, together with periodic heavy 2000:, Non-Muslims were obligated to pay 1480:countries that use the death penalty 1319:and incapacitation of criminals. In 1087:, but executions are carried out by 17774:UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 15639:Capital punishment in South America 13502:by Kenneth R. Overberg, S.J., from 13271:The Death Penalty is Constitutional 13130:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 13005:. Burns Oates & Washbourne Ltd. 12461:. Burns Oates & Washbourne Ltd. 11962:from the original on 17 April 2009. 11848:"UN set for key death penalty vote" 11094:. Mitglied.lycos.de. Archived from 10693:from the original on 30 August 2010 10316: 10252:from the original on 23 August 2017 9968: 9528:. SAGE Publications. pp. 4–5. 9383:(in Norwegian). Translate.google.no 9381:"Death penalty Bulletin No. 4-2010" 9031:"Iran rapped over child executions" 9006: 8449:from the original on 27 March 2023. 8416:from the original on 9 January 2018 8053:"U.S. Death Penalty Support at 60%" 7828: 7726:"Death Penalty – Council of Europe" 7696:"International Polls & Studies" 7526:Death sentences and executions 2022 7089:from the original on 14 August 2016 6736: 6127:10.18574/nyu/9780814761083.003.0006 5425:from the original on 27 August 2017 5309: 5229:from the original on 22 August 2016 5163:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4998: 4906:faiths support capital punishment. 4744:European Convention on Human Rights 4722:as an interim measure. Thus, while 4705:American Convention on Human Rights 4017: 3891: 2643:Most nations, including almost all 2584: 2575:Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 2486:banned capital punishment in 1849. 2239: 2220:claimed that more than one million 2031:repudiation of the Islamic religion 40:Capital punishment (disambiguation) 13: 12663: 12146:Droege, Cordula (September 2008). 11303:Rountree, Meredith Martin (2014). 11243:from the original on 13 April 2012 10874:from the original on 27 April 2022 10749:The Tanner Lecture on Human Values 10719:from the original on 13 April 2013 10713:"Death Penalty News & Updates" 10489: 10471:from the original on 12 April 2013 10246:"The Death Penalty and Deterrence" 10095:"Saudi Arabia's War on Witchcraft" 9329:"Methodes of execution by country" 9292:, allAfrica.com, 20 November 2013. 9063:. Foxnews.com. 25 September 2007. 8990:. Ghanoononline.ir. Archived from 8324:from the original on 3 August 2014 8111:from the original on 29 April 2012 7275:. Sage Publications. p. 144. 6888:. Seven Stories Press. p. 5. 6856:. 29 December 2021. Archived from 6812:from the original on 2 March 2017. 6033:"HOMOSEXUALITY ii. IN ISLAMIC LAW" 5893: 5855:"Freedom and Slavery in Roman Law" 5599: 5021:Most Latin American countries and 4879: 3934: 1822:European colonies in North America 1515:The Christian Martyrs' Last Prayer 1505: 14: 17922: 13847:Most recent executions by country 13519:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 13481:Buddhism & Capital Punishment 13327:Campaign to End the Death Penalty 13234:Criminal Justice Legal Foundation 13038: 12953:World issues – Capital Punishment 12858:. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. 12472:Taylor Graham, E. (3 June 2021). 12071:. Treaties.un.org. Archived from 11925:Marcus, Josh (15 December 2022). 11876:. Wcd.coe.int. 16 November 2007. 11824:. Web.amnesty.org. Archived from 11806:(in French). Coalition Mondiale. 11625:Transformative Justice Collective 11277:Misuse of Drugs Act (CHAPTER 185) 11008:"Innocence and the Death Penalty" 10988:from the original on 4 April 2019 10904:from the original on 18 July 2011 10519:Liptak, Adam (18 November 2007). 9862:. 10 October 2018. Archived from 9772:Tang, Louisa (30 November 2018). 9335:from the original on 14 July 2011 9086:Iranian hanged after verdict stay 8841:Ticino Penal Code (1816), Art. 75 8832:Bern Criminal Law (1866), Art. 48 8600:Butler, Sara M. (21 March 2018). 8501:"Juvenile executions (except US)" 8218: 7142:from the original on 24 July 2010 6800:Villamor, Felipe (1 March 2017). 6755:from the original on 22 June 2018 6097:"Muhammad and Male Homosexuality" 5451:from the original on 18 July 2017 5393:"moratorium on the death penalty" 5187:Fowler, H. W. (14 October 2010). 4894:and the individual adherent. The 4100:Political protests (Saudi Arabia) 4062: 4014:and imprisonment of 30–40 years. 3867:Lethal injection (United States, 3538:, also generally, in 1949 and by 3501:(1988), and for all juveniles in 2607: Abolitionist countries: 109 1992:evangelise or spread Christianity 1631: 1083:, "head") refers to execution by 17801:International copyright treaties 16801:Death Penalty Information Center 15473:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15241:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 15011:Democratic Republic of the Congo 14799: 14743: 14734: 14733: 13509:Wrestling with the Death Penalty 13209: 13047: 13026:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 12601:Presses universitaires de France 12564:10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00105.x 12543: 12525: 12444: 12426: 12390: 12364: 12339: 12306: 12281: 12251: 12225: 12199: 12173: 12139: 12114: 12087: 12061: 12040: 12014: 11988: 11966: 11944: 11918: 11892: 11866: 11840: 11814: 11795: 11769: 11743: 11717: 11691: 11665: 11639: 11613: 11583: 11513: 11487:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01716.x 11452: 11431:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00293.x 11391:from the original on 2 June 2014 11377: 11351: 11325: 11268: 11255: 11229: 11203: 11162: 11145:"Casey Anthony Trial– Aftermath" 11110: 11084: 11058: 11026: 11014:from the original on 1 July 2008 11000: 10969: 10934: 10925: 10916: 10886: 10856: 10835: 10780: 10754: 10705: 10653: 10627: 10601: 10586: 10562: 10535: 10512: 10483: 10457: 10423: 10399: 10343: 10290: 10264: 10238: 10177:from the original on 4 July 2015 10133: 10111: 10086: 10060: 10030: 10006: 9988: 9969:Lum, Selina (24 November 2013). 9962: 9743:. International Criminal Court. 9730: 9654: 9642:from the original on 2 June 2016 9624: 9612:from the original on 31 May 2016 9594: 9564: 9542: 9479: 9417: 9395: 9373: 9347: 9321: 9295: 9250: 9228: 9202: 9172: 9142: 9116: 9098: 9079: 9022: 8931: 8917: 8903: 8871: 8862: 8853: 8844: 8835: 8826: 8817: 8808: 8799: 8790: 8781: 8772: 8763: 8750: 8737: 8728: 8719: 8710: 8701: 8692: 8683: 8656: 8630: 8593: 8571: 8545: 8519: 8493: 8479: 8453: 8428: 8402: 8384: 8366: 8354:from the original on 19 May 2014 8336: 8306: 8294:from the original on 6 July 2014 8286:Keating, Joshua (4 April 2014). 8258: 8235: 8212: 8186: 8155: 8137: 8123: 8097: 8075: 8045: 8019: 8007:from the original on 19 May 2014 7993: 7968: 7942: 7917: 7889: 7863: 7845: 7822: 7806:. Amnesty.org.uk. Archived from 7796: 7770: 7744: 7718: 7700:Death Penalty Information Center 7688: 7662: 7577:from the original on 28 May 2013 7479:Lynch, Colum (27 October 2015). 6916:from the original on 19 May 2011 6781:from the original on 6 July 2017 6530:Bedau, Hugo Adam (Autumn 1983). 6453:The Commandments, Neg. Comm. 290 6209:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4677 6071:from the original on 17 May 2013 6056:10.1163/2330-4804_EIRO_COM_11037 5493:, l. 4242 (1387–1400), repr. In 5477:is derived from the French word 5361:from the original on 29 May 2010 3922: 3717:prisoners being executed by the 3684:(ICU). In October 2008, a girl, 3281: 3260: 3237: 3212: 3189: 3164: 3139: 3113: 3088: 3063: 3037: 3012: 2987: 2961: 2936: 2911: 2885: 2860: 2835: 2808: 2784: 2625: Retentionist countries: 53 2592: 2039:blasphemy towards Muslim beliefs 2021:to Muslim households where they 405: 16806:Most recent executions by state 13899:Religion and capital punishment 13385:NSW Council for Civil Liberties 13261:Pro Death Penalty Resource Page 13251:Why the death penalty is needed 12879:(2nd ed.). Chelsea House. 12581: 12478:Homiletic & Pastoral Review 12102:from the original on 7 May 2014 11440:from the original on 3 May 2014 11179:"Facts about the Death Penalty" 10093:Jacobs, Ryan (19 August 2013). 9828:"Death penalty to be abolished" 9453:Blum, Steven A. (Winter 1992). 8465:Redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com 8221:"ET民調／92.1％民眾支持維持死刑 93％挺政府立即執行" 8107:. Gallup.com. 8 November 2010. 7642: 7628:"Error – Amnesty International" 7620: 7533: 7517: 7493: 7472: 7452: 7422: 7398: 7373: 7138:. Newsbatch.com. 1 March 2005. 7128: 7110:"History of Capital Punishment" 7101: 7046: 7029: 7010: 6973:Ware, Timothy (29 April 1993). 6966: 6902: 6842: 6823:Romero, Alexis; Romero, Paolo. 6816: 6777:. tribune.com.pk. 6 July 2017. 6767: 6710: 6684: 6668: 6642: 6615: 6606: 6593: 6515:Journal of the History of Ideas 6507: 6458: 6283: 6269: 6240: 6225: 6167: 5978: 5957: 5846: 5817: 5792: 5778: 5752: 5726: 5699: 5672: 5660: 5593: 5568: 5556: 5549:(primarily discusses Icelandic 5539: 5513: 5500: 5467: 5437: 5411: 5385: 5373: 5337: 4886:Religion and capital punishment 4865:Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani 4662:Death penalty for homosexuality 4290: 4222:Revenge § Revenge dynamics 3690:Transitional Federal Government 2746:' policy department pointed to 2361:abolished the death penalty in 2150: 2023:were forced to convert to Islam 1723:. The custom was different for 1683: 1624:derives from Draco's laws. The 1337:hanging, drawing and quartering 1285:global moratorium on executions 1281:United Nations General Assembly 1193:. Also, in some cases, acts of 64:Criminal trials and convictions 32:Death sentence (disambiguation) 17863:List of international rankings 17837:Separation of church and state 16893:Candidacy for political office 15803:Federated States of Micronesia 14701:British Indian Ocean Territory 13374:American Civil Liberties Union 13332:Anti-Death Penalty Information 13296:In Favor of Capital Punishment 13176:TV programme documentary, 2008 12618:Kronenwetter, Michael (2001). 11802:Thomas Hubert (29 June 2007). 11597:. 28 July 2019. Archived from 11143:Lundin, Leigh (10 July 2011). 10976:Epps, Garrett (4 April 2019). 10764:. Sandiego.edu. Archived from 10637:. American.edu. Archived from 10202:Amnesty International Magazine 9425:"execution methods by country" 9403:"INFORMATION ON DEATH PENALTY" 9238:. Kyodo News. 19 December 2017 8756:Kasseckert, Christian (2009), 8743:Kasseckert, Christian (2009), 8435:Jiang, Kevin (17 March 2023). 7829:Jha, Preeti (16 August 2020). 6465:Kashiwazaki, Masanori (2021). 6307:Sahner, Christian C. (2020) . 6293:. Amethyst. 1997. p. 153. 5579:. Cambridge University Press. 5267: 5241: 5211: 5165:, access-date: 4 December 2022 5107: 5080: 4655:Same-sex intercourse illegal: 4575:Volunteer (capital punishment) 4453:introduced throat-cutting and 4215: 4203:American Civil Liberties Union 3779:Palestinian National Authority 3638:Stop Child Executions Campaign 3322:This was soon followed by the 2482:The short-lived revolutionary 2406:Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor 2292:In 2017, two major countries, 1986:in that they were banned from 1796: 1654:(whose thought is reported by 354:Sexually violent predator laws 28:Death penalty (disambiguation) 1: 15785:Capital punishment in Oceania 14942:Capital punishment in Africa 13979:Capital punishment in Europe 13842:Enforcement or use by country 13196: 9522:William J. Chambliss (2011). 9029:O'Toole, Pam (27 June 2007). 8581:. Amnesty International. 2004 7728:. Hub.coe.int. Archived from 6628:. F.B. Rothman. p. 289. 5495:The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer 5074: 5046:and some Caribbean countries. 4960:Capital punishment in Judaism 4568: 4106:Economic crimes (China, Iran) 4073:Capital punishment by country 2639:Capital punishment by country 2632: 2353:, replacing it with exile or 2222:Soviet citizens were executed 2122:, whose influential treatise 2072: 1597:A further example comes from 1575:Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld 1571:Beheading of John the Baptist 17187:Legality of assisted suicide 15598:United States Virgin Islands 13492:Lists several Catholic links 13483:from The Engaged Zen Society 12995:Slater S.J., Thomas (1925). 12935:to most meaningful forms of 12920:The New York Review of Books 12828:McCafferty, James A (2010). 12657:10.1017/CBO9780511841361.051 12645:10.1017/CBO9780511489273.006 12451:Slater S.J., Thomas (1925). 12347:"Presentation & History" 11387:. Ncadp.org. 18 March 1999. 10922:Borg and Radelet, pp. 144–47 10595:Robert Blecker Wants Me Dead 10492:"Home – Stanford Law Review" 9492:. Chartwell Books. pp. 8198:National Development Council 6749:International Business Times 6717:Duggal, Hanna; Ali, Marium. 6579:. Routledge. pp. 150–. 4417:Cruel and unusual punishment 4307:wrote in a 1956 book called 3972:International Criminal Court 3809:, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Liberia) 3642:Mahmoud Asgari, Ayaz Marhoni 3438:Democratic Republic of Congo 3336:Capital punishment in Europe 2035:reconversion to Christianity 1454:(formal renunciation of the 1251:) allow capital punishment. 1044:". Etymologically, the term 247:Cruel and unusual punishment 7: 17320:Simulated child pornography 16768:Race and capital punishment 14384:Capital punishment in Asia 13769:Hanged, drawn and quartered 13403:Electric Chair at Sing Sing 13346:: Human Rights organisation 13308: 13170:"How to Kill a Human Being" 13020:Willis, John Wiley (1911). 12917:, Little, Brown, 549 pp.), 12895:Social and Political Review 12813:. Oxford University Press. 12792:10.1177/1462474501003003001 12022:"The Death Penalty in 2012" 11151:. Orlando: Criminal Brief. 10687:"Abolish the death penalty" 10546:. Wweek.com. Archived from 10220:"Abolish the death penalty" 8747:, Logos: Berlin, pp. 99–100 8029:. Gallup. 24 October 2006. 7215:Elisabeth Reichert (2011). 6947:. p. 6. Archived from 6576:History of Criminal Justice 5935:. Oxford University Press. 5824:Bauman, Richard A. (2002). 5193:. OUP Oxford. p. 310. 4909: 4379:Nagaenthran K. Dharmalingam 3623:customary international law 2467:capital punishment in Italy 1793:execution had taken place. 1727:who did not hold rights as 1307:Execution of criminals and 10: 17927: 17679:Legality of cryptocurrency 17016:Legal status of Mephedrone 13522:"Capital Punishment" 13023:"Capital Punishment" 12968:for middle school students 12750:Gaie, Joseph B. R (2004). 12741:American Historical Review 9661:Ohlin, Jens David (2005). 8219:張, 乃文 (28 December 2019). 7302:. CRC Press. p. 188. 7248:. Routledge. p. 268. 6429:Jewish Publication Society 6380:Cambridge University Press 6325:Princeton University Press 6253:Greenwood World Publishing 5853:Shumway, Edgar S. (1901). 5506:Translated from Waldmann, 4883: 4623:for illegally trafficking 4572: 4518: 4512: 4451:Shah of Persia (1896–1907) 4447:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar 4414: 4359:death penalty in Singapore 4219: 4189: 4066: 4021: 3926: 3895: 3856:, and in the US states of 3814:People's Republic of China 3703: 3699: 3524:North German Confederation 3416: 3328:socialist states in Europe 2738:and UN Special Rapporteur 2636: 2372:, written in 1395. In the 2315: 1911:James Pratt and John Smith 1869:, the first caliph of the 1645:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1612:was first written down by 1313:beginning of civilisations 1290: 1197:, aggravated robbery, and 449: English/Welsh courts 44: 36:Execution (disambiguation) 25: 18: 17857: 17809: 17752: 17687: 17640: 17580: 17550: 17510: 17473:Censorship of LGBT issues 17419: 17369: 17283: 17256: 17230: 17197: 17164: 17021:Legal status of Methylone 16984: 16885: 16821:Women executed since 1976 16788: 16738:Dual sovereignty doctrine 16715: 16572: 16303: 16012: 15894: 15871: 15790: 15717: 15644: 15573:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 15491: 15365: 15254: 15229: 14948: 14806: 14797: 14729: 14688: 14648: 14390: 14334: 14286: 14248: 13985: 13945: 13940:Links to related articles 13834: 13646: 13586: 13321:Death Watch International 13208: 13203: 12734:Washington College of Law 12438:catholicmoraltheology.com 12183:. Amnesty International. 12167:10.1017/S1560775508000102 11361:. Eji.org. Archived from 11050:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 10847:Singapore Court of Appeal 10689:. Amnesty International. 10499:www.stanfordlawreview.org 10356:Christian Science Monitor 9486:Cawthorne, Nigel (2006). 8614:10.1163/9789004364950_009 8246:. China Times Group. 中國時報 7604:. Amnesty International. 7188:Michael H. Tonry (2000). 6622:Dando Shigemitsu (1999). 6366:"The Reign of Antichrist" 5929:Benn, Charles D. (2004). 5859:The American Law Register 5622:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5575:Schabas, William (2002). 5099:(2): 240–251 – via 5087:Shipley, Maynard (1906). 4332:is observed, such as the 4125:Unlawful sexual behaviour 4109:Human trafficking (China) 4046:major depressive disorder 3977: 3545:In the Hereditary Lands, 3456:, the United States, and 3389:Modern-day public opinion 2762: 2759: 2425:On Crimes and Punishments 2283:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan 2175:, absence without leave, 2124:On Crimes and Punishments 2092:On Crimes and Punishments 2025:. Many Christian martyrs 1717:Senatus consultum ultimum 17655:Mergers and acquisitions 17523:Children in the military 17177:Law enforcement killings 15949:Northern Mariana Islands 15593:Turks and Caicos Islands 14996:Central African Republic 14450:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 13588:Current judicial methods 13244:16 December 2011 at the 13157:13 November 2013 at the 13152:Death Penalty Worldwide: 12904:21 December 2019 at the 12780:Punishment & Society 12689:Bohm, Robert M. (2016). 12624:(2 ed.). ABC-CLIO. 12552:Law & Social Inquiry 11902:. Un.org. Archived from 11591:"Bahrain executes 3 men" 11539:10.1177/2053168017751250 11239:. Deathpenaltyinfo.org. 11010:. Deathpenaltyinfo.org. 10592:Schillinger, Ted (2007) 10451:17 February 2013 at the 10196:Dan Malone (Fall 2005). 9724:Médecins Sans Frontières 9468:(2): 415. Archived from 9357:. Deathpenaltyinfo.org. 8223:. 東森新媒體控股股份有限公司. ETtoday 8003:. Deathpenaltyinfo.org. 7161:Leigh B. Bienen (2010). 6945:House of Representatives 6936: 6910:"Encyclopedia of Shinto" 6882:Mario Marazziti (2015). 6854:Government of Kazakhstan 6599:Durant, Will and Ariel, 6189:, eds. (1986). "Liwāṭ". 5667:Jean-Marie Carbasse 2002 4975: 4867:with the members of the 4819:seek the death penalty. 4791:1980 Turkish coup d'état 4427:San Quentin State Prison 4112:Corruption (China, Iran) 3881:Stoning (Nigeria, Sudan) 3878:Beheading (Saudi Arabia) 2551:arson in royal dockyards 2542:ban capital punishment. 2421:Dei Delitti e Delle Pene 2347:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 2279:Peshawar school massacre 2245:retain it, for example, 2104:natural and legal rights 2088:Dei delitti e delle pene 2057:Enlightenment philosophy 1980:religious discrimination 1938:religious discrimination 1923:Massachusetts Bay Colony 1881:is said to have ordered 1767:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 1761:There was a time in the 1756: 1478:and witchcraft. In many 1241:38 OECD member countries 1211:Great Purge of 1936–1938 103:Presumption of innocence 19:Not to be confused with 17781:Antarctic Treaty System 17495:Video gaming censorship 17444:Cartographic censorship 16903:Criminal responsibility 16743:Execution drug shortage 15914:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 14711:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 13515:on AmericanCatholic.org 13390:15 October 2015 at the 13356:IPS Inter Press Service 13219:Government of Singapore 13187:Witness to an Execution 13118:18 January 2006 at the 12956:. Chrysalis Education. 12873:Marzilli, Alan (2008). 12682:Sermons from the Latins 11981:2 December 2021 at the 11532:(1): 2053168017751250. 11526:Research & Politics 11261:Amnesty International, 10900:. Explorion.net. 1901. 10744:21 October 2012 at the 10663:. BBC. 1 January 1970. 9944:Girelli, Giada (2019). 9288:3 December 2013 at the 9091:7 December 2007 at the 8944:25 January 2016 at the 8760:, Logos: Berlin, p. 100 8244:"本報民調 8成反廢死！8成6促盡速執行死刑" 7296:Cliff Roberson (2015). 7242:Russil Durrant (2013). 7041:Oxford University Press 6103:; Roscoe, Will (eds.). 5491:The Nun's Priest's Tale 4873:human rights in Bahrain 4683:North Korea, and Iran. 4342:including provisionally 4081:Firearm offences (e.g. 3948:crimes against humanity 3350:declared an end to its 2569:(although the state of 2530:intellectual disability 1605:legal system replacing 1588:The Torah/Old Testament 1271:(EU), Article 2 of the 1167:crimes against humanity 818:Avunculicide/Nepoticide 265:Indefinite imprisonment 17827:National legal systems 17394:International adoption 17172:Legality of euthanasia 15523:British Virgin Islands 14028:Bosnia and Herzegovina 13415:Shreveport Times, 2015 11038:Capital Defense Weekly 10490:Review, Stanford Law. 10123:mysteriousuniverse.org 8884:. Human Rights Watch. 6681:, New York, pp. 485–86 6517:34.3 (1973): 463–468. 6321:Woodstock, Oxfordshire 5712:. Peeters Publishers. 5685:. Peeters Publishers. 4775: 4755: 4749: 4735: 4699: 4671: 4543:miscarriage of justice 4538: 4433: 4355: 4318: 4235: 4186:Controversy and debate 4037: 3734: 3686:Aisha Ibrahim Dhuhulow 3675:Supreme Court of Japan 3468: 2763:Total executed (2022) 2726: 2699: 2557:Abolition occurred in 2441:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 2413: 2330: 2209: 2164: 2108:Rational choice theory 2095: 1850: 1810: 1707:to decide the fate of 1648: 1578: 1529: 1304: 1078: 1070: 738:Voluntary manslaughter 703:Vehicle-ramming attack 324:Miscarriage of justice 17849:World Justice Project 17483:Television censorship 17427:Censorship by country 17275:Size of police forces 15897:and other territories 15463:Saint Kitts and Nevis 15156:São Tomé and Príncipe 15016:Republic of the Congo 13528:Catholic Encyclopedia 13511:by Andy Prince, from 13256:Pro Death Penalty.com 13029:Catholic Encyclopedia 12834:. AldineTransaction. 12702:10.4324/9781315673998 12293:Amnesty International 12235:. Handsoffcain.info. 12209:. Handsoffcain.info. 12094:Francisco J Montero. 11703:Amnesty International 11465:Psychological Science 11092:"Wrongful executions" 11068:. Justicedenied.org. 10442:Amnesty International 10407:"Death Penalty Facts" 10070:. Idaho Legislature. 9015:, Ali Akbar Dareini, 8089:. 23 September 2011. 7954:Amnesty International 7754:. Handsoffcain.info. 7438:Amnesty International 7083:Amnesty International 6603:New York, 1965, p. 71 6484:10.5206/ls.2021.11110 6417:"Under the New Order" 6317:Princeton, New Jersey 6031:(30 December 2012) . 5900:Zias, Joseph (1998). 5760:"Jean-Marie Carbasse" 5253:Amnesty International 5223:Amnesty International 4803:the National Assembly 4799:towards EU membership 4773: 4693: 4654: 4638:Amnesty International 4528: 4485:) and again in 2015 ( 4424: 4415:Further information: 4411:Non-painful execution 4398:and both Singapore's 4350: 4313: 4301:psychological torture 4229: 4031: 3828:, Ethiopia, Nigeria, 3713: 3516:Electorate of Bavaria 3466: 2712: 2681: 2433:Grand Duke Leopold II 2402:Grand Duke of Tuscany 2399: 2325: 2306:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 2216:. Anti-Soviet author 2197: 2159:Mexican execution by 2158: 2080: 1984:religious persecution 1942:religious persecution 1845: 1804: 1641:The Death of Socrates 1639: 1569: 1513: 1298: 1256:Amnesty International 756:Non-criminal homicide 651:Murder for body parts 567:Depraved-heart murder 349:Sex offender registry 69:Rights of the accused 17764:International waters 17478:Political censorship 17327:Internet pornography 17026:Legal status of MPDV 16940:Mandatory retirement 16728:Death-qualified jury 16707:Scheduled executions 14895:United Arab Emirates 14625:United Arab Emirates 13542:Kashif Shahzada 2010 13504:AmericanCatholic.org 13068:improve this article 12972:Simon, Rita (2007). 12950:Woolf, Alex (2004). 12743:63.1 (1957): 23–46. 12725:20 July 2012 at the 12684:. Benziger Brothers. 12599:(in French). Paris: 11958:. 18 December 2007. 11066:"Executed Innocents" 10436:31 July 2013 at the 9922:ABC News (Australia) 8489:. 17 September 2020. 8350:. 22 February 2013. 7706:on 27 September 2007 7634:. 28 February 2015. 7108:Stratford, Stephen. 6912:. kokugakuin.ac.jp. 6049:. pp. 441–445. 6038:Encyclopædia Iranica 5487:The Canterbury Tales 5159:'Capital Punishment' 4971:Notes and references 4936:Judicial dissolution 4633:preventive detention 4563:urine drug screening 4503:deliberately inflict 4396:Singapore government 4003:Malaysian Government 3682:Islamic Courts Union 3498:Thompson v. Oklahoma 3485:colonial authorities 3364:Yamanashi prefecture 3313:Alexander Lukashenko 2547:piracy with violence 2312:History of abolition 2214:political oppression 2206:Nazi-occupied Poland 2189:running the gauntlet 1848:German Peasants' War 1341:burning at the stake 1175:overthrow government 1020:and formerly called 1016:, also known as the 797:Justifiable homicide 616:Lonely hearts killer 435:English/Welsh courts 363:Related areas of law 17695:Corporal punishment 17672:Corporate liability 17552:Freedom of movement 17461:Internet censorship 17382:Minors and abortion 17182:Legality of suicide 17135:Psilocybin mushroom 17004:Alcohol consumption 16780:Wrongful executions 15478:Trinidad and Tobago 15373:Antigua and Barbuda 15231:States with limited 14652:limited recognition 14249:States with limited 13732:Republican marriage 13661:Damnatio ad bestias 13362:Death Penalty Focus 13285:The Washington Post 13190:The Execution Tapes 13080:footnote references 12980:. Lexington Books. 12756:. Kluwer Academic. 12731:American University 12589:Jean-Marie Carbasse 12537:reference.bahai.org 12405:European Parliament 12320:. 10 October 2010. 12002:on 21 November 2007 10641:on 17 February 2014 10381:Death Penalty Focus 10337:10.1093/sf/57.2.683 10208:on 16 January 2009. 9431:on 14 November 2010 8994:on 13 February 2012 8133:. 15 December 2020. 7510:European Parliament 7023:20 May 2011 at the 6954:on 20 November 2022 6860:on 22 February 2022 6698:. 19 September 2019 6413:Stillman, Norman A. 6095:Wafer, Jim (1997). 6047:Columbia University 6041:. Vol. XII/4. 5447:. law.cornell.edu. 5093:American Law Review 4861:European Parliament 4823:Sub-Saharan African 4742:Protocol 13 to the 4645:International views 4558:Misuse of Drugs Act 4494:Bucklew v. Precythe 4461:The rate of these " 4443:long drop "hanging" 4285:corporal punishment 4280:life without parole 4264:New York Law School 3601:The United Nations 3489:American Revolution 2645:developed countries 2516:case, but the 1976 2456:. Leopolds brother 2454:Cities for Life Day 2377:Republic of Poljica 2234:Cultural Revolution 2019:sell them as slaves 1962:status (along with 1771:An Lushan Rebellion 1743:reserved for slaves 1739:slaves who rebelled 552:Consensual homicide 507:Part of a series on 344:Restorative justice 21:Corporal punishment 17896:Capital punishment 17349:Child sexual abuse 16868:Lists of countries 16826:Women on death row 16723:Botched executions 16317:Federal government 16020:Federal government 15413:Dominican Republic 13904:Wrongful execution 13816:Suffocation in ash 13672:Blowing from a gun 13580:Capital punishment 13125:Capital Punishment 12933:U.S. Supreme Court 12929:sovereign immunity 12831:Capital Punishment 12672:Bellarmine, Robert 12597:Que sais-je ? 12504:The New York Times 12318:Human Rights Watch 12028:on 29 October 2013 11828:on 11 October 2008 11335:. Amnestyusa.org. 11149:Capital Punishment 10944:Capital Punishment 10894:"Ispahan – Shiraz" 10794:. 11 November 2021 10715:. People.smu.edu. 10575:The New York Times 10550:on 24 January 2008 10525:The New York Times 10226:on 19 January 2008 9866:on 10 October 2018 9608:. 8 January 2016. 9578:. 22 August 2014. 9309:on 13 January 2010 9186:. 9 January 2013. 9112:. 9 December 2023. 8559:on 4 December 2012 8272:. 21 January 2022. 8270:The Times of India 8151:. 4 December 2020. 7859:. 18 January 2024. 7784:on 27 October 2012 7732:on 5 February 2014 7571:Human Rights Watch 6806:The New York Times 6674:Conquest, Robert, 6451:Moses Maimonides, 6431:. pp. 22–28. 6382:. pp. 20–37. 6121:. pp. 88–96. 6101:Murray, Stephen O. 6029:Rowson, Everett K. 5801:Capital punishment 5740:on 29 October 2020 5734:"La peine de mort" 5310:Das, J.K. (2022). 4850:Human Rights Watch 4840:The newly created 4776: 4700: 4672: 4613:Abdul Kahar Othman 4600:In July 2019, two 4539: 4515:Wrongful execution 4509:Wrongful execution 4477:U.S. Supreme Court 4463:botched executions 4455:blowing from a gun 4434: 4381:, who has been on 4236: 4234:in Germany in 1946 4038: 3735: 3666:Nagayama standards 3520:Kingdom of Bavaria 3493:federal government 3469: 3444:, Japan, Nigeria, 3413:Juvenile offenders 2727: 2700: 2525:Atkins v. Virginia 2414: 2359:Vladimir the Great 2331: 2210: 2165: 2096: 1954:People of the Book 1946:religious violence 1871:Rashidun Caliphate 1851: 1811: 1649: 1579: 1530: 1369:blowing from a gun 1305: 1159:aircraft hijacking 1064:, derived via the 1014:Capital punishment 782:Capital punishment 748:Vehicular homicide 743:Negligent homicide 708:Wrongful execution 646:Misdemeanor murder 572:Felony murder rule 234:Capital punishment 226:Dangerous offender 113:Self-incrimination 58:Criminal procedure 38:, and 17883: 17882: 17877: 17876: 17796:Foreign ownership 17540:Human trafficking 17535:Same-sex marriage 17518:Children's rights 17310:Child pornography 17248:Life imprisonment 16834: 16833: 16796:Death row inmates 16716:Issues and ethics 15972: 15971: 15964:Wallis and Futuna 15872:Associated states 15752: 15751: 15724:other territories 15606: 15605: 15495:other territories 15327: 15326: 15258:other territories 15031:Equatorial Guinea 14908: 14907: 14757: 14756: 14694:other territories 14350: 14349: 13932: 13931: 13909:Botched execution 13224: 13223: 13108: 13107: 13100: 13013:. 81 (2002): 97+ 13011:Oregon Law Review 12987:978-0-7391-2091-0 12963:978-1-59389-155-8 12925:John Paul Stevens 12886:978-0-7910-9796-0 12865:978-0-7637-3308-7 12841:978-0-202-36328-8 12820:978-0-19-533740-2 12763:978-1-4020-1764-3 12631:978-1-57607-432-9 12378:. 25 January 2021 12075:on 4 January 2014 11906:on 9 January 2009 11755:The Straits Times 11365:on 1 October 2012 11168:Van Norman p. 288 10931:Van Norman p. 287 10870:. 27 April 2022. 10849:. 16 April 2022. 10821:The Straits Times 10792:The Straits Times 10278:on 13 August 2001 10019:Independent.co.uk 9975:The Straits Times 9955:978-0-9935434-8-7 9860:Channel News Asia 9836:. 10 October 2018 9833:New Straits Times 9556:. 12 April 2013. 9503:978-0-7858-2119-9 9475:on 26 March 2014. 9331:. Nutzworld.com. 9264:. 30 October 2012 9156:. 13 March 2013. 8927:. 2 October 2018. 8913:. 8 October 2018. 8394:. 28 March 2017. 8320:. 3 August 2013. 7573:. 21 March 2013. 7385:www.aljazeera.com 7309:978-1-4987-2120-2 7282:978-1-4129-5178-4 7255:978-1-136-23434-7 7228:978-0-231-52070-6 7201:978-0-19-514060-6 7174:978-0-8101-2697-8 6986:978-0-14-192500-4 6895:978-1-60980-567-8 6586:978-1-4377-3491-1 6438:978-0-8276-0198-7 6389:978-0-521-34770-9 6334:978-0-691-17910-0 6327:. pp. 1–28. 6218:978-90-04-16121-4 6179:van Donzel, E. J. 6000:978-1-137-44401-1 5963:Benn, pp. 209–210 5810:978-1-4408-0057-3 5586:978-0-521-81491-1 5323:978-81-951611-6-4 5281:. 26 April 2022. 5200:978-0-19-161511-5 5175:Kronenwetter 2001 5134:978-0-307-74248-3 4981:Explanatory notes 4926:Execution chamber 4716:Council of Europe 4694:Article 2 of the 4629:COVID-19 pandemic 4610:Malay Singaporean 4392:life imprisonment 4361:, activists like 4334:right to property 4134:offences such as 4083:Arms Offences Act 3818:Republic of China 3731:Finnish Civil War 3570:Helvetic Republic 3559:Habsburg monarchy 3425:juvenile offender 3332:Council of Europe 3300: 3299: 2571:Western Australia 2567:Australia in 1973 2513:Furman v. Georgia 2474:Kingdom of Tahiti 2437:Holy Roman Empire 1930:Early Middle Ages 1879:Ali ibn Abi Talib 1875:burning him alive 1584:Code of Hammurabi 1277:Council of Europe 1263:, adopted by the 1022:judicial homicide 1011: 1010: 802:"License to kill" 611:Internet homicide 592:Child cannibalism 587:Human cannibalism 502: 501: 377:Criminal defenses 319:Habitual offender 270:Three-strikes law 260:Life imprisonment 239:Execution warrant 108:Exclusionary rule 17918: 17911:Killings by type 17868:Lists by country 17722:Police brutality 17147:Salvia divinorum 17065:Amanita mushroom 16861: 16854: 16847: 16838: 16837: 16564:Washington, D.C. 16295:Washington, D.C. 15999: 15992: 15985: 15976: 15975: 15954:Pitcairn Islands 15924:French Polynesia 15909:Christmas Island 15838:Papua New Guinea 15818:Marshall Islands 15791:Sovereign states 15779: 15772: 15765: 15756: 15755: 15744: 15732:Falkland Islands 15646:Sovereign states 15633: 15626: 15619: 15610: 15609: 15563:Saint Barthélemy 15493:Dependencies and 15366:Sovereign states 15354: 15347: 15340: 15331: 15330: 15319: 15318:(United Kingdom) 15314:Tristan da Cunha 15310:Ascension Island 15302: 15289: 15280: 15256:Dependencies and 14949:Sovereign states 14935: 14928: 14921: 14912: 14911: 14803: 14784: 14777: 14770: 14761: 14760: 14747: 14737: 14736: 14706:Christmas Island 14392:Sovereign states 14377: 14370: 14363: 14354: 14353: 14287:Dependencies and 13986:Sovereign states 13972: 13965: 13958: 13949: 13948: 13936: 13935: 13618:Nitrogen hypoxia 13613:Lethal injection 13573: 13566: 13559: 13550: 13549: 13532: 13524: 13495:Priests for Life 13459: 13266:119 Pro DP Links 13213: 13212: 13201: 13200: 13103: 13096: 13092: 13089: 13083: 13051: 13050: 13043: 13033: 13025: 13006: 13000: 12991: 12979: 12967: 12890: 12869: 12845: 12824: 12803: 12767: 12715: 12685: 12679: 12635: 12614: 12593:La peine de mort 12576: 12575: 12547: 12541: 12540: 12529: 12523: 12522: 12520: 12518: 12495: 12489: 12488: 12486: 12484: 12469: 12463: 12462: 12456: 12448: 12442: 12441: 12430: 12424: 12423: 12421: 12419: 12413: 12402: 12394: 12388: 12387: 12385: 12383: 12368: 12362: 12361: 12359: 12357: 12343: 12337: 12336: 12331: 12329: 12310: 12304: 12303: 12301: 12299: 12285: 12279: 12278: 12276: 12274: 12255: 12249: 12248: 12246: 12244: 12229: 12223: 12222: 12220: 12218: 12203: 12197: 12196: 12194: 12192: 12177: 12171: 12170: 12161:(871): 669–701. 12152: 12143: 12137: 12136: 12134: 12132: 12118: 12112: 12111: 12109: 12107: 12091: 12085: 12084: 12082: 12080: 12065: 12059: 12058: 12056: 12054: 12044: 12038: 12037: 12035: 12033: 12018: 12012: 12011: 12009: 12007: 11992: 11986: 11970: 11964: 11963: 11948: 11942: 11941: 11939: 11937: 11922: 11916: 11915: 11913: 11911: 11896: 11890: 11889: 11887: 11885: 11870: 11864: 11863: 11861: 11859: 11844: 11838: 11837: 11835: 11833: 11818: 11812: 11811: 11799: 11793: 11792: 11790: 11788: 11773: 11767: 11766: 11764: 11762: 11747: 11741: 11740: 11738: 11736: 11721: 11715: 11714: 11712: 11710: 11695: 11689: 11688: 11686: 11684: 11669: 11663: 11662: 11660: 11658: 11643: 11637: 11636: 11634: 11632: 11617: 11611: 11610: 11608: 11606: 11587: 11581: 11580: 11578: 11576: 11561: 11552: 11551: 11541: 11517: 11511: 11510: 11480: 11456: 11450: 11449: 11447: 11445: 11439: 11416: 11407: 11401: 11400: 11398: 11396: 11381: 11375: 11374: 11372: 11370: 11355: 11349: 11348: 11346: 11344: 11329: 11323: 11322: 11320: 11318: 11309: 11300: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11289: 11272: 11266: 11259: 11253: 11252: 11250: 11248: 11233: 11227: 11226: 11224: 11222: 11207: 11201: 11200: 11198: 11196: 11190: 11183: 11175: 11169: 11166: 11160: 11159: 11140: 11134: 11133: 11131: 11129: 11114: 11108: 11107: 11105: 11103: 11088: 11082: 11081: 11079: 11077: 11062: 11056: 11055: 11049: 11041: 11030: 11024: 11023: 11021: 11019: 11004: 10998: 10997: 10995: 10993: 10973: 10967: 10965: 10938: 10932: 10929: 10923: 10920: 10914: 10913: 10911: 10909: 10890: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10879: 10860: 10854: 10853: 10839: 10833: 10832: 10830: 10828: 10813: 10804: 10803: 10801: 10799: 10784: 10778: 10777: 10775: 10773: 10758: 10752: 10735: 10729: 10728: 10726: 10724: 10709: 10703: 10702: 10700: 10698: 10683: 10677: 10676: 10674: 10672: 10657: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10646: 10631: 10625: 10624: 10622: 10620: 10605: 10599: 10590: 10584: 10583: 10566: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10555: 10539: 10533: 10532: 10516: 10510: 10509: 10507: 10496: 10487: 10481: 10480: 10478: 10476: 10461: 10455: 10427: 10421: 10420: 10418: 10411: 10403: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10392: 10387:on 28 April 2008 10383:. Archived from 10373: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10362: 10347: 10341: 10340: 10320: 10314: 10313: 10311: 10309: 10304:on 29 April 2009 10294: 10288: 10287: 10285: 10283: 10268: 10262: 10261: 10259: 10257: 10242: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10231: 10216: 10210: 10209: 10204:. Archived from 10193: 10187: 10186: 10184: 10182: 10167: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10137: 10131: 10130: 10115: 10109: 10108: 10090: 10084: 10083: 10081: 10079: 10064: 10058: 10057: 10055: 10053: 10034: 10028: 10027: 10022:. 11 July 2017. 10010: 10004: 10003: 10002:. 20 April 2015. 9992: 9986: 9985: 9983: 9981: 9966: 9960: 9959: 9941: 9935: 9934: 9932: 9930: 9913: 9904: 9903: 9901: 9899: 9882: 9876: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9852: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9841: 9824: 9818: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9807:Channel NewsAsia 9798: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9784: 9769: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9749: 9742: 9734: 9728: 9727: 9716: 9707: 9706: 9658: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9647: 9628: 9622: 9621: 9619: 9617: 9598: 9592: 9591: 9589: 9587: 9568: 9562: 9561: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9519: 9508: 9507: 9483: 9477: 9476: 9474: 9459: 9450: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9436: 9421: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9399: 9393: 9392: 9390: 9388: 9377: 9371: 9370: 9368: 9366: 9351: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9325: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9314: 9299: 9293: 9280: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9269: 9254: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9243: 9232: 9226: 9225: 9223: 9221: 9206: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9176: 9170: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9146: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9130:on 11 March 2014 9120: 9114: 9113: 9110:ایران اینترنشنال 9102: 9096: 9083: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9072: 9057: 9051: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9026: 9020: 9017:Associated Press 9010: 9004: 9003: 9001: 8999: 8984: 8978: 8977: 8975: 8973: 8968:on 29 April 2012 8958: 8949: 8935: 8929: 8928: 8921: 8915: 8914: 8907: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8890: 8883: 8875: 8869: 8866: 8860: 8857: 8851: 8848: 8842: 8839: 8833: 8830: 8824: 8821: 8815: 8812: 8806: 8803: 8797: 8794: 8788: 8785: 8779: 8776: 8770: 8767: 8761: 8754: 8748: 8741: 8735: 8732: 8726: 8723: 8717: 8714: 8708: 8705: 8699: 8696: 8690: 8687: 8681: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8667:. Archived from 8660: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8634: 8628: 8627: 8597: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8575: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8549: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8538: 8523: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8512: 8497: 8491: 8490: 8483: 8477: 8476: 8474: 8472: 8457: 8451: 8450: 8432: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8421: 8406: 8400: 8399: 8388: 8382: 8381: 8370: 8364: 8363: 8361: 8359: 8340: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8283: 8274: 8273: 8262: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8239: 8233: 8232: 8230: 8228: 8216: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8190: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8159: 8153: 8152: 8149:Affaritaliani.it 8141: 8135: 8134: 8127: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8116: 8101: 8095: 8094: 8079: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8063:on 19 March 2017 8059:. Archived from 8049: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8023: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8012: 7997: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7972: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7961: 7946: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7921: 7915: 7914: 7909: 7907: 7893: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7877:. 2 January 2021 7867: 7861: 7860: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7838: 7826: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7800: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7774: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7748: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7722: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7711: 7702:. Archived from 7692: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7676:. 9 October 2015 7666: 7660: 7659: 7646: 7640: 7639: 7624: 7618: 7617: 7615: 7613: 7598: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7547:on 23 March 2012 7537: 7531: 7530: 7521: 7515: 7514: 7506: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7468:. 24 April 2019. 7456: 7450: 7449: 7447: 7434: 7426: 7420: 7419: 7418:. 5 August 2010. 7415:Associated Press 7402: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7391: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7355: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7335: 7328: 7320: 7314: 7313: 7293: 7287: 7286: 7266: 7260: 7259: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7212: 7206: 7205: 7185: 7179: 7178: 7158: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7132: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7121: 7116:on 8 August 2010 7112:. Archived from 7105: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7094: 7085:. 5 April 2016. 7075: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7050: 7044: 7033: 7027: 7014: 7008: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6953: 6942: 6932: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6906: 6900: 6899: 6879: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6846: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6820: 6814: 6813: 6797: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6771: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6714: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6688: 6682: 6679:: A Reassessment 6677:The Great Terror 6672: 6666: 6665: 6663: 6661: 6646: 6640: 6639: 6619: 6613: 6610: 6604: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6527: 6521: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6486: 6462: 6456: 6449: 6443: 6442: 6409: 6394: 6393: 6362:Runciman, Steven 6358: 6347: 6346: 6304: 6295: 6294: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6244: 6238: 6229: 6223: 6222: 6201:Brill Publishers 6183:Heinrichs, W. P. 6171: 6165: 6164: 6092: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6058: 6025: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6015: 5982: 5976: 5973: 5964: 5961: 5955: 5954: 5926: 5917: 5916: 5914: 5912: 5897: 5891: 5890: 5850: 5844: 5843: 5832:. pp. 6–7. 5821: 5815: 5814: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5786:"1700 BC – 1799" 5782: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5762:. Archived from 5756: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5736:. Archived from 5730: 5724: 5723: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5676: 5670: 5664: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5634: 5628: 5627: 5621: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5572: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5517: 5511: 5504: 5498: 5483:Geoffrey Chaucer 5471: 5465: 5464: 5458: 5456: 5441: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5389: 5383: 5377: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5360: 5349: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5307: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5245: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5184: 5178: 5172: 5166: 5156: 5147: 5146: 5117:(3 April 2018). 5111: 5105: 5104: 5084: 5068: 5053: 5047: 5040: 5034: 5019: 5013: 5002: 4996: 4991: 4921:Death in custody 4807:its constitution 4758: 4752: 4738: 4668: 4659: 4488:Glossip v. Gross 4431:lethal injection 4346:John Stuart Mill 4338:right to freedom 4018:Drug trafficking 3958:in 1946 and the 3956:Nuremberg Trials 3898:Public execution 3892:Public execution 3729:during the 1918 3611:US Supreme Court 3547:Austrian Silesia 3504:Roper v. Simmons 3481:Colonial America 3473:Guernsey Martyrs 3287: 3285: 3284: 3266: 3264: 3263: 3251: 3243: 3241: 3240: 3231: 3226: 3218: 3216: 3215: 3203: 3195: 3193: 3192: 3183: 3178: 3170: 3168: 3167: 3158: 3153: 3145: 3143: 3142: 3133: 3127: 3119: 3117: 3116: 3107: 3102: 3094: 3092: 3091: 3082: 3077: 3069: 3067: 3066: 3057: 3051: 3043: 3041: 3040: 3031: 3026: 3018: 3016: 3015: 3006: 3001: 2993: 2991: 2990: 2981: 2975: 2967: 2965: 2964: 2955: 2950: 2942: 2940: 2939: 2930: 2925: 2917: 2915: 2914: 2905: 2899: 2891: 2889: 2888: 2879: 2874: 2866: 2864: 2863: 2854: 2849: 2841: 2839: 2838: 2829: 2823: 2814: 2812: 2811: 2802: 2790: 2788: 2787: 2757: 2756: 2723: 2717: 2696: 2690: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2596: 2585:Contemporary use 2540:Washington, D.C. 2535:Roper v. Simmons 2519:Gregg v. Georgia 2240:Contemporary era 2051:burdens of proof 2046:Moses Maimonides 1903:Buggery Act 1533 1883:death by stoning 1647:in New York City 1519:Jean-Léon Gérôme 1484:financial crimes 1450:crimes, such as 1418:, such as rape, 1301:Auguste Vaillant 1267:in 1948. In the 1128:capital felonies 1124:capital offences 1101:lethal injection 1081: 1073: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1003: 996: 989: 965:Suspicious death 777:Assisted suicide 763:Note: Varies by 562:Crime of passion 557:Contract killing 542:Attempted murder 528:Note: Varies by 504: 503: 494: 487: 480: 466: 458: 450: 445: 437: 429: 410: 409: 309:Criminal justice 163:Directed verdict 54: 53: 17926: 17925: 17921: 17920: 17919: 17917: 17916: 17915: 17886: 17885: 17884: 17879: 17878: 17873: 17872: 17853: 17822:Immigration law 17805: 17755: 17748: 17683: 17636: 17585: 17576: 17546: 17530:Intersex rights 17506: 17449:Film censorship 17432:Book censorship 17415: 17365: 17339:Sex trafficking 17279: 17252: 17226: 17193: 17160: 17045:Methamphetamine 16986: 16980: 16881: 16876:law enforcement 16865: 16835: 16830: 16784: 16711: 16568: 16308: 16306: 16299: 16008: 16003: 15973: 15968: 15896: 15890: 15873: 15867: 15848:Solomon Islands 15786: 15783: 15753: 15748: 15742: 15725: 15723: 15713: 15640: 15637: 15607: 15602: 15496: 15494: 15487: 15361: 15358: 15328: 15323: 15322: 15317: 15300: 15287: 15278: 15259: 15257: 15250: 15234: 15232: 15225: 14944: 14939: 14909: 14904: 14804: 14793: 14788: 14758: 14753: 14725: 14693: 14684: 14665:Northern Cyprus 14651: 14644: 14386: 14381: 14351: 14346: 14330: 14288: 14282: 14268:Northern Cyprus 14250: 14244: 14160:North Macedonia 13981: 13976: 13941: 13933: 13928: 13894:List of methods 13879:Final statement 13830: 13651: 13649: 13642: 13582: 13577: 13547: 13467: 13465:Religious views 13462: 13392:Wayback Machine 13311: 13306: 13246:Wayback Machine 13210: 13204:External videos 13199: 13194: 13159:Wayback Machine 13127:article in the 13120:Wayback Machine 13104: 13093: 13087: 13084: 13065: 13056:This section's 13052: 13048: 13041: 13036: 12988: 12964: 12906:Wayback Machine 12887: 12866: 12850:Mandery, Evan J 12842: 12821: 12764: 12727:Wayback Machine 12712: 12666: 12664:Further reading 12632: 12611: 12584: 12579: 12548: 12544: 12531: 12530: 12526: 12516: 12514: 12496: 12492: 12482: 12480: 12470: 12466: 12449: 12445: 12432: 12431: 12427: 12417: 12415: 12411: 12400: 12396: 12395: 12391: 12381: 12379: 12370: 12369: 12365: 12355: 12353: 12345: 12344: 12340: 12327: 12325: 12312: 12311: 12307: 12297: 12295: 12289:"Death Penalty" 12287: 12286: 12282: 12272: 12270: 12257: 12256: 12252: 12242: 12240: 12231: 12230: 12226: 12216: 12214: 12205: 12204: 12200: 12190: 12188: 12179: 12178: 12174: 12150: 12144: 12140: 12130: 12128: 12120: 12119: 12115: 12105: 12103: 12092: 12088: 12078: 12076: 12067: 12066: 12062: 12052: 12050: 12046: 12045: 12041: 12031: 12029: 12020: 12019: 12015: 12005: 12003: 11994: 11993: 11989: 11983:Wayback Machine 11971: 11967: 11950: 11949: 11945: 11935: 11933: 11931:The Independent 11923: 11919: 11909: 11907: 11898: 11897: 11893: 11883: 11881: 11872: 11871: 11867: 11857: 11855: 11846: 11845: 11841: 11831: 11829: 11820: 11819: 11815: 11800: 11796: 11786: 11784: 11775: 11774: 11770: 11760: 11758: 11749: 11748: 11744: 11734: 11732: 11731:. 30 March 2022 11723: 11722: 11718: 11708: 11706: 11705:. 30 March 2022 11697: 11696: 11692: 11682: 11680: 11679:. 30 March 2022 11671: 11670: 11666: 11656: 11654: 11653:. 30 March 2022 11645: 11644: 11640: 11630: 11628: 11627:. 28 March 2022 11619: 11618: 11614: 11604: 11602: 11601:on 29 July 2019 11589: 11588: 11584: 11574: 11572: 11562: 11555: 11518: 11514: 11478:10.1.1.177.3897 11457: 11453: 11443: 11441: 11437: 11425:(4): 996–1012. 11414: 11408: 11404: 11394: 11392: 11383: 11382: 11378: 11368: 11366: 11357: 11356: 11352: 11342: 11340: 11331: 11330: 11326: 11316: 11314: 11307: 11301: 11297: 11287: 11285: 11284:on 5 March 2016 11274: 11273: 11269: 11260: 11256: 11246: 11244: 11235: 11234: 11230: 11220: 11218: 11217:on 18 July 2019 11209: 11208: 11204: 11194: 11192: 11188: 11181: 11177: 11176: 11172: 11167: 11163: 11141: 11137: 11127: 11125: 11116: 11115: 11111: 11101: 11099: 11090: 11089: 11085: 11075: 11073: 11064: 11063: 11059: 11043: 11042: 11032: 11031: 11027: 11017: 11015: 11006: 11005: 11001: 10991: 10989: 10974: 10970: 10962: 10939: 10935: 10930: 10926: 10921: 10917: 10907: 10905: 10892: 10891: 10887: 10877: 10875: 10862: 10861: 10857: 10841: 10840: 10836: 10826: 10824: 10815: 10814: 10807: 10797: 10795: 10786: 10785: 10781: 10771: 10769: 10760: 10759: 10755: 10751:, 1 April 1977. 10746:Wayback Machine 10737:Joel Feinberg: 10736: 10732: 10722: 10720: 10711: 10710: 10706: 10696: 10694: 10685: 10684: 10680: 10670: 10668: 10659: 10658: 10654: 10644: 10642: 10633: 10632: 10628: 10618: 10616: 10607: 10606: 10602: 10591: 10587: 10568: 10567: 10563: 10553: 10551: 10540: 10536: 10517: 10513: 10505: 10494: 10488: 10484: 10474: 10472: 10463: 10462: 10458: 10453:Wayback Machine 10438:Wayback Machine 10428: 10424: 10416: 10409: 10405: 10404: 10400: 10390: 10388: 10375: 10374: 10370: 10360: 10358: 10348: 10344: 10321: 10317: 10307: 10305: 10296: 10295: 10291: 10281: 10279: 10270: 10269: 10265: 10255: 10253: 10244: 10243: 10239: 10229: 10227: 10218: 10217: 10213: 10194: 10190: 10180: 10178: 10169: 10168: 10164: 10154: 10152: 10139: 10138: 10134: 10117: 10116: 10112: 10091: 10087: 10077: 10075: 10066: 10065: 10061: 10051: 10049: 10036: 10035: 10031: 10012: 10011: 10007: 9994: 9993: 9989: 9979: 9977: 9967: 9963: 9956: 9942: 9938: 9928: 9926: 9915: 9914: 9907: 9897: 9895: 9883: 9879: 9869: 9867: 9854: 9853: 9849: 9839: 9837: 9826: 9825: 9821: 9811: 9809: 9799: 9792: 9782: 9780: 9778:Today Singapore 9770: 9763: 9753: 9751: 9747: 9740: 9736: 9735: 9731: 9718: 9717: 9710: 9679:10.2307/3396668 9659: 9655: 9645: 9643: 9638:. 9 July 2012. 9630: 9629: 9625: 9615: 9613: 9600: 9599: 9595: 9585: 9583: 9570: 9569: 9565: 9548: 9547: 9543: 9536: 9520: 9511: 9504: 9484: 9480: 9472: 9457: 9451: 9444: 9434: 9432: 9423: 9422: 9418: 9408: 9406: 9401: 9400: 9396: 9386: 9384: 9379: 9378: 9374: 9364: 9362: 9353: 9352: 9348: 9338: 9336: 9327: 9326: 9322: 9312: 9310: 9301: 9300: 9296: 9290:Wayback Machine 9281: 9277: 9267: 9265: 9256: 9255: 9251: 9241: 9239: 9234: 9233: 9229: 9219: 9217: 9216:. 26 April 2020 9208: 9207: 9203: 9193: 9191: 9178: 9177: 9173: 9163: 9161: 9148: 9147: 9143: 9133: 9131: 9122: 9121: 9117: 9104: 9103: 9099: 9093:Wayback Machine 9084: 9080: 9070: 9068: 9059: 9058: 9054: 9044: 9042: 9027: 9023: 9011: 9007: 8997: 8995: 8986: 8985: 8981: 8971: 8969: 8960: 8959: 8952: 8946:Wayback Machine 8936: 8932: 8923: 8922: 8918: 8909: 8908: 8904: 8894: 8892: 8888: 8881: 8877: 8876: 8872: 8867: 8863: 8858: 8854: 8849: 8845: 8840: 8836: 8831: 8827: 8822: 8818: 8813: 8809: 8804: 8800: 8795: 8791: 8786: 8782: 8777: 8773: 8768: 8764: 8755: 8751: 8742: 8738: 8733: 8729: 8724: 8720: 8715: 8711: 8706: 8702: 8697: 8693: 8688: 8684: 8674: 8672: 8671:on 15 June 2006 8663: 8661: 8657: 8647: 8645: 8636: 8635: 8631: 8624: 8598: 8594: 8584: 8582: 8577: 8576: 8572: 8562: 8560: 8551: 8550: 8546: 8536: 8534: 8533:. 27 April 2020 8525: 8524: 8520: 8510: 8508: 8507:on 26 July 2011 8499: 8498: 8494: 8485: 8484: 8480: 8470: 8468: 8459: 8458: 8454: 8433: 8429: 8419: 8417: 8408: 8407: 8403: 8390: 8389: 8385: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8357: 8355: 8342: 8341: 8337: 8327: 8325: 8312: 8311: 8307: 8297: 8295: 8284: 8277: 8264: 8263: 8259: 8249: 8247: 8240: 8236: 8226: 8224: 8217: 8213: 8203: 8201: 8200:. 21 April 2016 8192: 8191: 8187: 8177: 8175: 8160: 8156: 8143: 8142: 8138: 8129: 8128: 8124: 8114: 8112: 8103: 8102: 8098: 8081: 8080: 8076: 8066: 8064: 8051: 8050: 8046: 8036: 8034: 8027:"Death Penalty" 8025: 8024: 8020: 8010: 8008: 7999: 7998: 7994: 7984: 7982: 7974: 7973: 7969: 7959: 7957: 7956:. 21 April 2021 7948: 7947: 7943: 7933: 7931: 7923: 7922: 7918: 7905: 7903: 7895: 7894: 7890: 7880: 7878: 7869: 7868: 7864: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7836: 7834: 7827: 7823: 7813: 7811: 7802: 7801: 7797: 7787: 7785: 7776: 7775: 7771: 7761: 7759: 7750: 7749: 7745: 7735: 7733: 7724: 7723: 7719: 7709: 7707: 7694: 7693: 7689: 7679: 7677: 7668: 7667: 7663: 7648: 7647: 7643: 7632:www.amnesty.org 7626: 7625: 7621: 7611: 7609: 7600: 7599: 7590: 7580: 7578: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7550: 7548: 7539: 7538: 7534: 7523: 7522: 7518: 7504: 7498: 7494: 7477: 7473: 7458: 7457: 7453: 7445: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7423: 7404: 7403: 7399: 7389: 7387: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7357: 7356: 7349: 7339: 7337: 7336:on 8 April 2021 7333: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7317: 7310: 7294: 7290: 7283: 7267: 7263: 7256: 7240: 7236: 7229: 7213: 7209: 7202: 7186: 7182: 7175: 7159: 7155: 7145: 7143: 7136:"Death Penalty" 7134: 7133: 7129: 7119: 7117: 7106: 7102: 7092: 7090: 7077: 7076: 7072: 7062: 7060: 7052: 7051: 7047: 7035:Roger G. Hood. 7034: 7030: 7025:Wayback Machine 7015: 7011: 6998: 6994: 6987: 6971: 6967: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6943:(in Japanese). 6940: 6938: 6934: 6933: 6929: 6919: 6917: 6908: 6907: 6903: 6896: 6880: 6873: 6863: 6861: 6848: 6847: 6843: 6833: 6831: 6821: 6817: 6798: 6794: 6784: 6782: 6773: 6772: 6768: 6758: 6756: 6741: 6737: 6727: 6725: 6715: 6711: 6701: 6699: 6690: 6689: 6685: 6673: 6669: 6659: 6657: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6636: 6620: 6616: 6611: 6607: 6598: 6594: 6587: 6571: 6567: 6548:10.2307/1143143 6528: 6524: 6512: 6508: 6477:: 56–87–56–87. 6463: 6459: 6450: 6446: 6439: 6410: 6397: 6390: 6359: 6350: 6335: 6305: 6298: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6263: 6255:. p. 109. 6245: 6241: 6230: 6226: 6219: 6195:. Vol. 5. 6175:Bosworth, C. E. 6172: 6168: 6137: 6093: 6084: 6074: 6072: 6026: 6022: 6013: 6011: 6001: 5983: 5979: 5974: 5967: 5962: 5958: 5943: 5927: 5920: 5910: 5908: 5906:www.mercaba.org 5898: 5894: 5871:10.2307/3306244 5865:(11): 636–653. 5851: 5847: 5840: 5822: 5818: 5811: 5797: 5793: 5784: 5783: 5779: 5769: 5767: 5758: 5757: 5753: 5743: 5741: 5732: 5731: 5727: 5720: 5704: 5700: 5693: 5677: 5673: 5665: 5661: 5651: 5649: 5636: 5635: 5631: 5615: 5614: 5607: 5605: 5598: 5594: 5587: 5573: 5569: 5561: 5557: 5544: 5540: 5530: 5528: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5505: 5501: 5472: 5468: 5454: 5452: 5443: 5442: 5438: 5428: 5426: 5417: 5416: 5412: 5402: 5400: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5378: 5374: 5364: 5362: 5358: 5347: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5308: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5232: 5230: 5219:"Death Penalty" 5217: 5216: 5212: 5201: 5185: 5181: 5173: 5169: 5157: 5150: 5135: 5127:. p. 153. 5112: 5108: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5072: 5071: 5054: 5050: 5041: 5037: 5020: 5016: 5003: 4999: 4992: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4912: 4896:Catholic Church 4888: 4882: 4880:Religious views 4670: 4666: 4664: 4657: 4647: 4586: 4577: 4571: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4479:ruled in 2008 ( 4419: 4413: 4404:Court of Appeal 4385:at Singapore's 4293: 4230:Execution of a 4224: 4218: 4210:plea bargaining 4194: 4188: 4075: 4065: 4054:Cheong Chun Yin 4026: 4020: 3991:laws since 2013 3980: 3966:(ICTY) and the 3940:Atrocity crimes 3937: 3935:Atrocity crimes 3932: 3925: 3900: 3894: 3708: 3702: 3671:Takayuki Otsuki 3563:Austrian Empire 3487:and (after the 3476:her execution. 3421: 3415: 3391: 3282: 3280: 3261: 3259: 3238: 3236: 3213: 3211: 3190: 3188: 3165: 3163: 3140: 3138: 3114: 3112: 3089: 3087: 3064: 3062: 3038: 3036: 3013: 3011: 2988: 2986: 2962: 2960: 2937: 2935: 2912: 2910: 2886: 2884: 2861: 2859: 2836: 2834: 2809: 2807: 2785: 2783: 2778: 2776: 2771: 2769: 2725: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2698: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2641: 2635: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2602: 2597: 2587: 2418:Cesare Beccaria 2381:Poljica Statute 2320: 2314: 2242: 2218:Robert Conquest 2181:insubordination 2153: 2132:Charles Dickens 2120:Cesare Beccaria 2075: 2067:social contract 2059: 2033:and subsequent 1919:Plymouth Colony 1891:Abbasid caliphs 1799: 1759: 1698:voluntary exile 1686: 1643:(1787), in the 1634: 1557:trial by combat 1508: 1506:Ancient history 1496:insubordination 1476:Mofsed-e-filarz 1293: 1203:Judicial murder 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1007: 713:Judicial murder 604:Child sacrifice 599:Human sacrifice 498: 469: 461: 456:Canadian courts 453: 448: 443:Scottish courts 440: 432: 424: 416: 404: 391: 372:Civil procedure 358: 279:Post-sentencing 274: 243: 217: 167: 132: 118:Double jeopardy 50: 43: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 17924: 17914: 17913: 17908: 17903: 17898: 17881: 17880: 17875: 17874: 17871: 17870: 17865: 17859: 17858: 17855: 17854: 17852: 17851: 17846: 17845: 17844: 17839: 17829: 17824: 17819: 17813: 17811: 17807: 17806: 17804: 17803: 17798: 17793: 17788: 17783: 17778: 17777: 17776: 17771: 17760: 17758: 17750: 17749: 17747: 17746: 17741: 17736: 17735: 17734: 17724: 17719: 17714: 17713: 17712: 17707: 17702: 17691: 17689: 17685: 17684: 17682: 17681: 17676: 17675: 17674: 17664: 17663: 17662: 17657: 17646: 17644: 17638: 17637: 17635: 17634: 17633: 17632: 17630:Riparian water 17622: 17617: 17612: 17607: 17602: 17597: 17591: 17589: 17578: 17577: 17575: 17574: 17569: 17568: 17567: 17556: 17554: 17548: 17547: 17545: 17544: 17543: 17542: 17537: 17527: 17526: 17525: 17514: 17512: 17508: 17507: 17505: 17504: 17503: 17502: 17492: 17491: 17490: 17480: 17475: 17470: 17469: 17468: 17458: 17457: 17456: 17446: 17441: 17440: 17439: 17429: 17423: 17421: 17417: 17416: 17414: 17413: 17408: 17403: 17398: 17397: 17396: 17386: 17385: 17384: 17373: 17371: 17367: 17366: 17364: 17363: 17358: 17357: 17356: 17351: 17344:Sexual assault 17341: 17336: 17331: 17330: 17329: 17324: 17323: 17322: 17317: 17302: 17301: 17300: 17289: 17287: 17281: 17280: 17278: 17277: 17272: 17271: 17270: 17268:Prisoner abuse 17262: 17260: 17254: 17253: 17251: 17250: 17245: 17240: 17234: 17232: 17228: 17227: 17225: 17224: 17219: 17214: 17209: 17203: 17201: 17195: 17194: 17192: 17191: 17190: 17189: 17179: 17174: 17168: 17166: 17162: 17161: 17159: 17158: 17157: 17156: 17155: 17154: 17144: 17143: 17142: 17132: 17131: 17130: 17120: 17119: 17118: 17108: 17107: 17106: 17101: 17096: 17086: 17085: 17084: 17074: 17073: 17072: 17059: 17054: 17053: 17052: 17042: 17041: 17040: 17030: 17029: 17028: 17023: 17018: 17008: 17007: 17006: 16996: 16990: 16988: 16982: 16981: 16979: 16978: 16973: 16972: 16971: 16969:Youth suffrage 16966: 16956: 16955: 16954: 16947:School-leaving 16944: 16943: 16942: 16932: 16931: 16930: 16920: 16915: 16910: 16905: 16900: 16895: 16889: 16887: 16883: 16882: 16864: 16863: 16856: 16849: 16841: 16832: 16831: 16829: 16828: 16823: 16818: 16813: 16808: 16803: 16798: 16792: 16790: 16786: 16785: 16783: 16782: 16777: 16776: 16775: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16750: 16745: 16740: 16735: 16730: 16725: 16719: 16717: 16713: 16712: 16710: 16709: 16704: 16699: 16694: 16689: 16684: 16679: 16674: 16669: 16664: 16659: 16654: 16649: 16644: 16639: 16634: 16629: 16624: 16619: 16614: 16609: 16604: 16599: 16594: 16589: 16584: 16578: 16576: 16570: 16569: 16567: 16566: 16561: 16556: 16551: 16546: 16541: 16536: 16531: 16530: 16529: 16519: 16514: 16509: 16507:South Carolina 16504: 16499: 16494: 16489: 16484: 16479: 16474: 16472:North Carolina 16469: 16464: 16459: 16454: 16449: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16429: 16424: 16419: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16399: 16394: 16389: 16384: 16379: 16374: 16369: 16359: 16354: 16349: 16344: 16339: 16334: 16329: 16324: 16319: 16313: 16311: 16301: 16300: 16298: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16280:American Samoa 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16225:South Carolina 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16190:North Carolina 16187: 16182: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16147: 16142: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16112: 16107: 16102: 16097: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16077: 16072: 16067: 16062: 16057: 16052: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16016: 16014: 16010: 16009: 16002: 16001: 15994: 15987: 15979: 15970: 15969: 15967: 15966: 15961: 15956: 15951: 15946: 15944:Norfolk Island 15941: 15936: 15931: 15926: 15921: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15904:American Samoa 15900: 15898: 15892: 15891: 15889: 15888: 15883: 15877: 15875: 15874:of New Zealand 15869: 15868: 15866: 15865: 15860: 15855: 15850: 15845: 15840: 15835: 15830: 15825: 15820: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15794: 15792: 15788: 15787: 15782: 15781: 15774: 15767: 15759: 15750: 15749: 15747: 15746: 15739: 15734: 15728: 15726: 15718: 15715: 15714: 15712: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15696: 15691: 15686: 15681: 15676: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15656: 15650: 15648: 15642: 15641: 15636: 15635: 15628: 15621: 15613: 15604: 15603: 15601: 15600: 15595: 15590: 15585: 15583:Sint Eustatius 15580: 15575: 15570: 15565: 15560: 15555: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15528:Cayman Islands 15525: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15499: 15497: 15492: 15489: 15488: 15486: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15470: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15450: 15445: 15440: 15435: 15430: 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15375: 15369: 15367: 15363: 15362: 15357: 15356: 15349: 15342: 15334: 15325: 15324: 15321: 15320: 15303: 15290: 15281: 15267:Canary Islands 15263: 15262: 15260: 15255: 15252: 15251: 15249: 15248: 15243: 15237: 15235: 15230: 15227: 15226: 15224: 15223: 15218: 15213: 15208: 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14963: 14958: 14952: 14950: 14946: 14945: 14938: 14937: 14930: 14923: 14915: 14906: 14905: 14903: 14902: 14897: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14877: 14872: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14838: 14833: 14828: 14823: 14818: 14813: 14807: 14805: 14798: 14795: 14794: 14787: 14786: 14779: 14772: 14764: 14755: 14754: 14752: 14751: 14741: 14730: 14727: 14726: 14724: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14708: 14703: 14697: 14695: 14686: 14685: 14683: 14682: 14677: 14672: 14667: 14662: 14656: 14654: 14646: 14645: 14643: 14642: 14637: 14632: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14547: 14542: 14537: 14532: 14527: 14522: 14517: 14512: 14507: 14502: 14497: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14457: 14452: 14447: 14442: 14437: 14432: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14396: 14394: 14388: 14387: 14380: 14379: 14372: 14365: 14357: 14348: 14347: 14345: 14344: 14342:European Union 14338: 14336: 14335:Other entities 14332: 14331: 14329: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14292: 14290: 14289:other entities 14284: 14283: 14281: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14254: 14252: 14246: 14245: 14243: 14242: 14237: 14235:United Kingdom 14232: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14100: 14095: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14048:Czech Republic 14045: 14040: 14035: 14030: 14025: 14020: 14015: 14010: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13989: 13987: 13983: 13982: 13975: 13974: 13967: 13960: 13952: 13946: 13943: 13942: 13930: 13929: 13927: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13881: 13876: 13875: 13874: 13869: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13838: 13836: 13835:Related topics 13832: 13831: 13829: 13828: 13823: 13821:Upright jerker 13818: 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13735: 13734: 13724: 13719: 13717:Disembowelment 13714: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13687:Breaking wheel 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13656: 13654: 13650:post-classical 13644: 13643: 13641: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13609: 13608: 13598: 13592: 13590: 13584: 13583: 13576: 13575: 13568: 13561: 13553: 13546: 13545: 13539: 13533: 13516: 13506: 13497: 13489: 13484: 13478: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13460: 13420:James Haughton 13416: 13410: 13400: 13395: 13382: 13377: 13371: 13365: 13359: 13353: 13350:European Union 13347: 13341: 13335: 13329: 13324: 13318: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13304: 13299: 13293: 13288: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13258: 13253: 13248: 13236: 13231: 13225: 13222: 13221: 13206: 13205: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13192: 13183: 13177: 13167: 13162: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13122: 13109: 13106: 13105: 13060:external links 13055: 13053: 13046: 13040: 13039:External links 13037: 13035: 13034: 13017: 13007: 12992: 12986: 12969: 12962: 12947: 12940: 12911:Rakoff, Jed S. 12908: 12891: 12885: 12870: 12864: 12846: 12840: 12825: 12819: 12804: 12786:(3): 331–354. 12775: 12768: 12762: 12747: 12737: 12716: 12710: 12686: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12661: 12660: 12648: 12636: 12630: 12615: 12609: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12577: 12558:(2): 295–343. 12542: 12524: 12490: 12464: 12443: 12425: 12389: 12363: 12338: 12305: 12280: 12250: 12224: 12198: 12172: 12138: 12113: 12086: 12060: 12039: 12013: 11987: 11965: 11943: 11917: 11891: 11865: 11839: 11813: 11794: 11783:. 3 March 2022 11768: 11757:. 6 April 2022 11742: 11729:European Union 11716: 11690: 11664: 11638: 11612: 11595:Daily Sun Post 11582: 11553: 11512: 11471:(5): 383–386. 11451: 11402: 11376: 11350: 11324: 11295: 11267: 11265:(January 2004) 11254: 11228: 11202: 11170: 11161: 11135: 11124:on 2 July 2010 11109: 11098:on 22 May 2009 11083: 11057: 11025: 10999: 10968: 10960: 10933: 10924: 10915: 10885: 10855: 10834: 10823:. 3 April 2022 10805: 10779: 10753: 10730: 10704: 10678: 10652: 10626: 10600: 10585: 10561: 10542:James Pitkin. 10534: 10511: 10482: 10456: 10422: 10398: 10368: 10342: 10331:(2): 683–687. 10315: 10289: 10263: 10237: 10211: 10188: 10162: 10132: 10110: 10085: 10059: 10029: 10005: 9987: 9961: 9954: 9936: 9925:. 3 April 2023 9905: 9877: 9847: 9819: 9790: 9761: 9729: 9708: 9673:(4): 747–777. 9653: 9623: 9593: 9576:The Algemeiner 9563: 9541: 9534: 9509: 9502: 9478: 9442: 9416: 9394: 9372: 9346: 9320: 9294: 9275: 9249: 9227: 9214:news.yahoo.com 9201: 9171: 9141: 9115: 9097: 9078: 9052: 9021: 9005: 8979: 8950: 8930: 8916: 8902: 8870: 8861: 8852: 8843: 8834: 8825: 8816: 8807: 8798: 8789: 8780: 8771: 8762: 8749: 8736: 8727: 8718: 8709: 8700: 8691: 8682: 8662:Rob Gallagher, 8655: 8644:on 13 May 2008 8629: 8622: 8592: 8570: 8544: 8518: 8492: 8478: 8467:. 7 April 2021 8452: 8427: 8401: 8383: 8365: 8335: 8305: 8275: 8257: 8234: 8211: 8194:"八成八民眾不贊成廢除死刑" 8185: 8170:(in Italian). 8154: 8136: 8122: 8096: 8074: 8044: 8018: 7992: 7967: 7941: 7929:Anadolu Agency 7916: 7888: 7862: 7844: 7821: 7810:on 5 June 2011 7795: 7769: 7743: 7717: 7687: 7661: 7641: 7619: 7588: 7558: 7532: 7516: 7492: 7486:Foreign Policy 7471: 7451: 7421: 7397: 7372: 7347: 7315: 7308: 7288: 7281: 7261: 7254: 7234: 7227: 7207: 7200: 7180: 7173: 7153: 7127: 7100: 7070: 7045: 7028: 7009: 6992: 6985: 6979:. Penguin UK. 6965: 6927: 6901: 6894: 6871: 6841: 6815: 6792: 6766: 6735: 6709: 6696:The New Yorker 6683: 6667: 6656:. 15 June 1992 6641: 6634: 6614: 6612:Durant, p. 72, 6605: 6592: 6585: 6565: 6542:(3): 1033–65. 6522: 6506: 6457: 6444: 6437: 6395: 6388: 6348: 6333: 6296: 6282: 6268: 6262:978-1846450020 6261: 6239: 6224: 6217: 6166: 6135: 6082: 6020: 5999: 5977: 5965: 5956: 5941: 5918: 5892: 5845: 5838: 5816: 5809: 5791: 5777: 5766:on 9 July 2023 5751: 5725: 5718: 5698: 5691: 5671: 5659: 5642:Britannica.com 5629: 5592: 5585: 5567: 5555: 5538: 5527:on 3 July 2006 5512: 5499: 5466: 5436: 5410: 5384: 5372: 5352:European Union 5336: 5322: 5299: 5266: 5240: 5210: 5199: 5179: 5167: 5148: 5133: 5106: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5069: 5048: 5035: 5014: 4997: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4939: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4911: 4908: 4884:Main article: 4881: 4878: 4869:European Union 4665: 4656: 4646: 4643: 4615:was hanged at 4585: 4582: 4573:Main article: 4570: 4567: 4513:Main article: 4510: 4507: 4412: 4409: 4375:European Union 4371:United Nations 4292: 4289: 4268:Robert Blecker 4244:torture murder 4217: 4214: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4182: 4168: 4165: 4164:(Saudi Arabia) 4155: 4148: 4142: 4139: 4128: 4122: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4064: 4063:Other offences 4061: 4022:Main article: 4019: 4016: 3979: 3976: 3936: 3933: 3929:Capital Crimes 3924: 3921: 3896:Main article: 3893: 3890: 3889: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3865: 3824:(until 2011), 3812:Shooting (the 3810: 3704:Main article: 3701: 3698: 3657:Norio Nagayama 3596:Hassan Rouhani 3574:canton of Bern 3479:Since 1642 in 3414: 3411: 3390: 3387: 3298: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3277: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3256: 3255: 3252: 3247: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3208: 3207: 3204: 3199: 3185: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3135: 3134: 3128: 3123: 3109: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3084: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3059: 3058: 3052: 3047: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2983: 2982: 2976: 2971: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2907: 2906: 2900: 2895: 2881: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2856: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2831: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2804: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2780: 2779: 2773: 2765: 2764: 2761: 2720: 2714: 2693: 2687: 2673:Islamic states 2637:Main article: 2634: 2631: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2599: 2598: 2591: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2563:France in 1981 2559:Canada in 1976 2484:Roman Republic 2429:social welfare 2374:post-classical 2313: 2310: 2287:Afghan Taliban 2241: 2238: 2152: 2149: 2128:Jeremy Bentham 2074: 2071: 2058: 2055: 1897:(most notably 1807:breaking wheel 1798: 1795: 1758: 1755: 1729:Roman citizens 1685: 1682: 1633: 1632:Ancient Greece 1630: 1599:Ancient Greece 1526:Circus Maximus 1507: 1504: 1488:courts-martial 1456:state religion 1401:tribal warfare 1325:breaking wheel 1292: 1289: 1269:European Union 1265:United Nations 1228:. As of 2021, 1120:capital crimes 1030:death sentence 1009: 1008: 1006: 1005: 998: 991: 983: 980: 979: 978: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 941: 940: 935: 925: 920: 915: 910: 902: 901: 897: 896: 895: 894: 889: 888: 887: 882: 872: 871: 870: 865: 855: 854: 853: 848: 843: 835: 830: 825: 820: 812: 811: 807: 806: 805: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 758: 757: 753: 752: 751: 750: 745: 740: 735: 733:In English law 727: 726: 720: 719: 718: 717: 716: 715: 705: 700: 698:Torture murder 695: 693:Thrill killing 690: 685: 684: 683: 681:Angel of mercy 673: 671:Pseudocommando 668: 663: 658: 656:Murder–suicide 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 607: 606: 596: 595: 594: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 523: 522: 516: 515: 509: 508: 500: 499: 497: 496: 489: 482: 474: 471: 470: 468: 467: 459: 451: 446: 438: 430: 421: 418: 417: 415: 414: 412:Law portal 401: 398: 397: 393: 392: 390: 389: 384: 379: 374: 368: 365: 364: 360: 359: 357: 356: 351: 346: 341: 339:Rehabilitation 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 295: 290: 284: 281: 280: 276: 275: 273: 272: 267: 262: 257: 251: 250: 249: 242: 241: 236: 230: 229: 228: 223: 216: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 179: 176: 175: 169: 168: 166: 165: 160: 155: 150: 144: 141: 140: 134: 133: 131: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 74: 71: 70: 66: 65: 61: 60: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17923: 17912: 17909: 17907: 17906:Social policy 17904: 17902: 17899: 17897: 17894: 17893: 17891: 17869: 17866: 17864: 17861: 17860: 17856: 17850: 17847: 17843: 17840: 17838: 17835: 17834: 17833: 17832:Religious law 17830: 17828: 17825: 17823: 17820: 17818: 17817:Animal rights 17815: 17814: 17812: 17808: 17802: 17799: 17797: 17794: 17792: 17789: 17787: 17784: 17782: 17779: 17775: 17772: 17770: 17769:Admiralty law 17767: 17766: 17765: 17762: 17761: 17759: 17757: 17754:International 17751: 17745: 17742: 17740: 17737: 17733: 17730: 17729: 17728: 17725: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17715: 17711: 17708: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17697: 17696: 17693: 17692: 17690: 17686: 17680: 17677: 17673: 17670: 17669: 17668: 17665: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17652: 17651: 17648: 17647: 17645: 17643: 17639: 17631: 17628: 17627: 17626: 17623: 17621: 17618: 17616: 17613: 17611: 17608: 17606: 17603: 17601: 17598: 17596: 17593: 17592: 17590: 17588: 17583: 17579: 17573: 17570: 17566: 17563: 17562: 17561: 17558: 17557: 17555: 17553: 17549: 17541: 17538: 17536: 17533: 17532: 17531: 17528: 17524: 17521: 17520: 17519: 17516: 17515: 17513: 17509: 17501: 17498: 17497: 17496: 17493: 17489: 17486: 17485: 17484: 17481: 17479: 17476: 17474: 17471: 17467: 17464: 17463: 17462: 17459: 17455: 17452: 17451: 17450: 17447: 17445: 17442: 17438: 17435: 17434: 17433: 17430: 17428: 17425: 17424: 17422: 17418: 17412: 17409: 17407: 17406:Sterilization 17404: 17402: 17401:Human cloning 17399: 17395: 17392: 17391: 17390: 17387: 17383: 17380: 17379: 17378: 17375: 17374: 17372: 17368: 17362: 17359: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17346: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17328: 17325: 17321: 17318: 17316: 17313: 17312: 17311: 17308: 17307: 17306: 17303: 17299: 17296: 17295: 17294: 17291: 17290: 17288: 17286: 17282: 17276: 17273: 17269: 17266: 17265: 17264: 17263: 17261: 17259: 17255: 17249: 17246: 17244: 17243:Incarceration 17241: 17239: 17238:Death penalty 17236: 17235: 17233: 17229: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17208: 17205: 17204: 17202: 17200: 17196: 17188: 17185: 17184: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17169: 17167: 17163: 17153: 17150: 17149: 17148: 17145: 17141: 17138: 17137: 17136: 17133: 17129: 17126: 17125: 17124: 17121: 17117: 17114: 17113: 17112: 17109: 17105: 17102: 17100: 17097: 17095: 17092: 17091: 17090: 17087: 17083: 17080: 17079: 17078: 17075: 17071: 17068: 17067: 17066: 17063: 17062: 17061:Psychedelics 17060: 17058: 17055: 17051: 17048: 17047: 17046: 17043: 17039: 17036: 17035: 17034: 17031: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17019: 17017: 17014: 17013: 17012: 17009: 17005: 17002: 17001: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16991: 16989: 16983: 16977: 16974: 16970: 16967: 16965: 16962: 16961: 16960: 16957: 16953: 16950: 16949: 16948: 16945: 16941: 16938: 16937: 16936: 16933: 16929: 16926: 16925: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16911: 16909: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16890: 16888: 16884: 16880: 16877: 16873: 16869: 16862: 16857: 16855: 16850: 16848: 16843: 16842: 16839: 16827: 16824: 16822: 16819: 16817: 16814: 16812: 16809: 16807: 16804: 16802: 16799: 16797: 16794: 16793: 16791: 16787: 16781: 16778: 16774: 16771: 16770: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16759: 16756: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16746: 16744: 16741: 16739: 16736: 16734: 16731: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16720: 16718: 16714: 16708: 16705: 16703: 16700: 16698: 16695: 16693: 16690: 16688: 16685: 16683: 16680: 16678: 16675: 16673: 16670: 16668: 16665: 16663: 16660: 16658: 16655: 16653: 16650: 16648: 16645: 16643: 16640: 16638: 16635: 16633: 16630: 16628: 16625: 16623: 16620: 16618: 16615: 16613: 16610: 16608: 16605: 16603: 16600: 16598: 16595: 16593: 16590: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16580: 16579: 16577: 16575: 16571: 16565: 16562: 16560: 16557: 16555: 16554:West Virginia 16552: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16542: 16540: 16537: 16535: 16532: 16528: 16525: 16524: 16523: 16520: 16518: 16515: 16513: 16510: 16508: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16498: 16495: 16493: 16490: 16488: 16485: 16483: 16480: 16478: 16475: 16473: 16470: 16468: 16465: 16463: 16460: 16458: 16455: 16453: 16452:New Hampshire 16450: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16417:Massachusetts 16415: 16413: 16410: 16408: 16405: 16403: 16400: 16398: 16395: 16393: 16390: 16388: 16385: 16383: 16380: 16378: 16375: 16373: 16370: 16367: 16363: 16360: 16358: 16355: 16353: 16350: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16320: 16318: 16315: 16314: 16312: 16310: 16302: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16265:West Virginia 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16170:New Hampshire 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16130:Massachusetts 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16111: 16108: 16106: 16103: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16058: 16056: 16053: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16017: 16015: 16013:Jurisdictions 16011: 16007: 16000: 15995: 15993: 15988: 15986: 15981: 15980: 15977: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15939:New Caledonia 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15919:Easter Island 15917: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15901: 15899: 15893: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15878: 15876: 15870: 15864: 15861: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15849: 15846: 15844: 15841: 15839: 15836: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15795: 15793: 15789: 15780: 15775: 15773: 15768: 15766: 15761: 15760: 15757: 15745: 15740: 15738: 15737:French Guiana 15735: 15733: 15730: 15729: 15727: 15721: 15716: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15651: 15649: 15647: 15643: 15634: 15629: 15627: 15622: 15620: 15615: 15614: 15611: 15599: 15596: 15594: 15591: 15589: 15586: 15584: 15581: 15579: 15576: 15574: 15571: 15569: 15566: 15564: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15500: 15498: 15490: 15484: 15483:United States 15481: 15479: 15476: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15466: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15444: 15441: 15439: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15429: 15426: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15370: 15368: 15364: 15355: 15350: 15348: 15343: 15341: 15336: 15335: 15332: 15315: 15311: 15307: 15304: 15298: 15294: 15291: 15285: 15282: 15276: 15272: 15268: 15265: 15264: 15261: 15253: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15239: 15238: 15236: 15228: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15071:Guinea-Bissau 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14953: 14951: 14947: 14943: 14936: 14931: 14929: 14924: 14922: 14917: 14916: 14913: 14901: 14898: 14896: 14893: 14891: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14870: 14866: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14808: 14802: 14796: 14792: 14785: 14780: 14778: 14773: 14771: 14766: 14765: 14762: 14750: 14746: 14742: 14740: 14732: 14731: 14728: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14698: 14696: 14691: 14687: 14681: 14678: 14676: 14675:South Ossetia 14673: 14671: 14668: 14666: 14663: 14661: 14658: 14657: 14655: 14653: 14647: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14521: 14518: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14448: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14397: 14395: 14393: 14389: 14385: 14378: 14373: 14371: 14366: 14364: 14359: 14358: 14355: 14343: 14340: 14339: 14337: 14333: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14301:Faroe Islands 14299: 14297: 14294: 14293: 14291: 14285: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14273:South Ossetia 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14255: 14253: 14247: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14120:Liechtenstein 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14011: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13990: 13988: 13984: 13980: 13973: 13968: 13966: 13961: 13959: 13954: 13953: 13950: 13944: 13937: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13873: 13872:Scharfrichter 13870: 13868: 13865: 13864: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13839: 13837: 13833: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13791: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13733: 13730: 13729: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13722:Dismemberment 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13662: 13658: 13657: 13655: 13653: 13645: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13623:Electrocution 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13607: 13604: 13603: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13593: 13591: 13589: 13585: 13581: 13574: 13569: 13567: 13562: 13560: 13555: 13554: 13551: 13543: 13540: 13537: 13534: 13530: 13529: 13523: 13517: 13514: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13473: 13470: 13469: 13457: 13453: 13449: 13445: 13441: 13437: 13433: 13429: 13425: 13421: 13417: 13414: 13411: 13408: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13393: 13389: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13375: 13372: 13369: 13366: 13363: 13360: 13357: 13354: 13351: 13348: 13345: 13342: 13339: 13336: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13313: 13303: 13300: 13297: 13294: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13286: 13281: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13243: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13226: 13220: 13216: 13207: 13202: 13191: 13188: 13184: 13181: 13178: 13175: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13160: 13156: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13132: 13131: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13117: 13114: 13111: 13110: 13102: 13099: 13091: 13081: 13077: 13076:inappropriate 13073: 13069: 13063: 13061: 13054: 13045: 13044: 13031: 13030: 13024: 13018: 13016: 13012: 13008: 13004: 12999: 12993: 12989: 12983: 12978: 12977: 12970: 12965: 12959: 12955: 12954: 12948: 12945: 12941: 12938: 12934: 12930: 12926: 12922: 12921: 12916: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12903: 12900: 12897:(2018): 98+. 12896: 12892: 12888: 12882: 12878: 12877: 12871: 12867: 12861: 12857: 12856: 12851: 12847: 12843: 12837: 12833: 12832: 12826: 12822: 12816: 12812: 12811: 12805: 12801: 12797: 12793: 12789: 12785: 12781: 12776: 12773: 12769: 12765: 12759: 12755: 12754: 12748: 12746: 12742: 12738: 12735: 12732: 12728: 12724: 12721: 12718:Curry, Tim. " 12717: 12713: 12711:9781315673998 12707: 12703: 12699: 12695: 12692: 12687: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12669: 12668: 12658: 12654: 12649: 12646: 12642: 12637: 12633: 12627: 12623: 12622: 12616: 12612: 12610:2-13-051660-2 12606: 12602: 12598: 12594: 12590: 12586: 12585: 12573: 12569: 12565: 12561: 12557: 12553: 12546: 12538: 12534: 12528: 12513: 12509: 12505: 12501: 12494: 12479: 12475: 12468: 12460: 12455: 12447: 12439: 12435: 12429: 12410: 12406: 12399: 12393: 12377: 12373: 12367: 12352: 12348: 12342: 12335: 12323: 12319: 12315: 12309: 12294: 12290: 12284: 12268: 12264: 12263:Sudan Tribune 12260: 12254: 12238: 12234: 12228: 12212: 12208: 12202: 12186: 12182: 12176: 12168: 12164: 12160: 12156: 12149: 12142: 12127: 12123: 12117: 12101: 12097: 12090: 12074: 12070: 12064: 12049: 12043: 12027: 12023: 12017: 12001: 11997: 11991: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11969: 11961: 11957: 11953: 11947: 11932: 11928: 11921: 11905: 11901: 11895: 11879: 11875: 11869: 11853: 11849: 11843: 11827: 11823: 11817: 11809: 11805: 11798: 11782: 11778: 11772: 11756: 11752: 11746: 11730: 11726: 11720: 11704: 11700: 11694: 11678: 11674: 11668: 11652: 11648: 11642: 11626: 11622: 11616: 11600: 11596: 11592: 11586: 11571: 11567: 11560: 11558: 11549: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11531: 11527: 11523: 11516: 11508: 11504: 11500: 11496: 11492: 11488: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11470: 11466: 11462: 11455: 11436: 11432: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11413: 11406: 11390: 11386: 11380: 11364: 11360: 11354: 11338: 11334: 11328: 11313: 11306: 11299: 11283: 11279: 11278: 11271: 11264: 11258: 11242: 11238: 11232: 11216: 11212: 11206: 11187: 11180: 11174: 11165: 11158: 11154: 11150: 11146: 11139: 11123: 11119: 11113: 11097: 11093: 11087: 11071: 11067: 11061: 11053: 11047: 11039: 11035: 11029: 11013: 11009: 11003: 10987: 10983: 10979: 10972: 10963: 10961:9780195395082 10957: 10953: 10949: 10945: 10937: 10928: 10919: 10903: 10899: 10895: 10889: 10873: 10869: 10865: 10859: 10852: 10848: 10844: 10838: 10822: 10818: 10812: 10810: 10793: 10789: 10783: 10768:on 8 May 2013 10767: 10763: 10757: 10750: 10747: 10743: 10740: 10734: 10718: 10714: 10708: 10692: 10688: 10682: 10666: 10662: 10656: 10640: 10636: 10630: 10614: 10610: 10604: 10597: 10596: 10589: 10581: 10577: 10576: 10571: 10565: 10549: 10545: 10538: 10530: 10526: 10522: 10515: 10504: 10500: 10493: 10486: 10470: 10466: 10460: 10454: 10450: 10447: 10443: 10439: 10435: 10432: 10429:Brian Evans, 10426: 10415: 10408: 10402: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10372: 10357: 10353: 10346: 10338: 10334: 10330: 10326: 10325:Social Forces 10319: 10303: 10299: 10293: 10277: 10273: 10267: 10251: 10247: 10241: 10225: 10221: 10215: 10207: 10203: 10199: 10192: 10176: 10172: 10166: 10150: 10146: 10142: 10136: 10128: 10124: 10120: 10114: 10106: 10102: 10101: 10096: 10089: 10073: 10069: 10063: 10047: 10043: 10039: 10033: 10025: 10021: 10020: 10015: 10009: 10001: 9997: 9991: 9976: 9972: 9965: 9957: 9951: 9947: 9940: 9924: 9923: 9918: 9912: 9910: 9894: 9893: 9888: 9881: 9865: 9861: 9857: 9851: 9835: 9834: 9829: 9823: 9808: 9804: 9797: 9795: 9779: 9775: 9768: 9766: 9746: 9739: 9733: 9725: 9721: 9715: 9713: 9704: 9700: 9696: 9692: 9688: 9684: 9680: 9676: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9657: 9641: 9637: 9633: 9627: 9611: 9607: 9603: 9597: 9581: 9577: 9573: 9567: 9559: 9555: 9551: 9545: 9537: 9535:9781452266435 9531: 9527: 9526: 9518: 9516: 9514: 9505: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9490: 9482: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9456: 9449: 9447: 9430: 9426: 9420: 9404: 9398: 9382: 9376: 9360: 9356: 9350: 9334: 9330: 9324: 9308: 9304: 9298: 9291: 9287: 9284: 9279: 9263: 9259: 9253: 9237: 9231: 9215: 9211: 9205: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9175: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9145: 9129: 9125: 9119: 9111: 9107: 9101: 9094: 9090: 9087: 9082: 9066: 9062: 9056: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9025: 9018: 9014: 9009: 8993: 8989: 8983: 8967: 8963: 8957: 8955: 8947: 8943: 8940: 8934: 8926: 8920: 8912: 8906: 8887: 8880: 8874: 8865: 8856: 8847: 8838: 8829: 8820: 8811: 8802: 8793: 8784: 8775: 8766: 8759: 8753: 8746: 8740: 8731: 8722: 8713: 8704: 8695: 8686: 8670: 8666: 8659: 8643: 8639: 8633: 8625: 8623:9789004364950 8619: 8615: 8611: 8607: 8603: 8596: 8580: 8574: 8558: 8554: 8548: 8532: 8528: 8522: 8506: 8502: 8496: 8488: 8482: 8466: 8462: 8456: 8448: 8444: 8443: 8438: 8431: 8415: 8411: 8405: 8397: 8393: 8387: 8380:. 9 May 2015. 8379: 8375: 8369: 8353: 8349: 8345: 8339: 8323: 8319: 8318:The Economist 8315: 8309: 8293: 8290:. Slate.com. 8289: 8282: 8280: 8271: 8267: 8261: 8245: 8238: 8222: 8215: 8199: 8195: 8189: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8158: 8150: 8146: 8140: 8132: 8126: 8110: 8106: 8100: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8078: 8062: 8058: 8054: 8048: 8032: 8028: 8022: 8006: 8002: 7996: 7981: 7977: 7971: 7955: 7951: 7945: 7930: 7926: 7920: 7913: 7902: 7898: 7892: 7876: 7872: 7866: 7858: 7854: 7848: 7832: 7825: 7809: 7805: 7799: 7783: 7779: 7773: 7757: 7753: 7747: 7731: 7727: 7721: 7705: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7675: 7671: 7665: 7657: 7656: 7651: 7645: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7623: 7607: 7603: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7562: 7546: 7542: 7536: 7528: 7527: 7520: 7512: 7511: 7503: 7496: 7488: 7487: 7482: 7475: 7467: 7466: 7461: 7455: 7444: 7440: 7439: 7431: 7425: 7417: 7416: 7412: 7407: 7401: 7386: 7382: 7376: 7360: 7354: 7352: 7332: 7325: 7319: 7311: 7305: 7301: 7300: 7292: 7284: 7278: 7274: 7273: 7265: 7257: 7251: 7247: 7246: 7238: 7230: 7224: 7220: 7219: 7211: 7203: 7197: 7193: 7192: 7184: 7176: 7170: 7166: 7165: 7157: 7141: 7137: 7131: 7115: 7111: 7104: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7074: 7059: 7055: 7049: 7042: 7038: 7032: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7013: 7006: 7005:9782955686010 7002: 6996: 6988: 6982: 6978: 6977: 6969: 6950: 6946: 6939: 6931: 6915: 6911: 6905: 6897: 6891: 6887: 6886: 6878: 6876: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6845: 6830: 6826: 6819: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6796: 6780: 6776: 6770: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6739: 6724: 6720: 6713: 6697: 6693: 6687: 6680: 6678: 6671: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6637: 6635:9780837706535 6631: 6627: 6626: 6618: 6609: 6602: 6596: 6588: 6582: 6578: 6577: 6569: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6526: 6520: 6516: 6510: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6471:Locke Studies 6468: 6461: 6454: 6448: 6440: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6391: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6372: 6367: 6363: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6303: 6301: 6292: 6286: 6278: 6272: 6264: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6243: 6237: 6233: 6228: 6220: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6188: 6185:; Lewis, B.; 6184: 6180: 6176: 6170: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6136:9780814774687 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6107: 6102: 6098: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6034: 6030: 6024: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5981: 5972: 5970: 5960: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5942:0-19-517665-0 5938: 5934: 5933: 5925: 5923: 5907: 5903: 5896: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5849: 5841: 5839:9781134823949 5835: 5831: 5827: 5820: 5812: 5806: 5802: 5795: 5787: 5781: 5765: 5761: 5755: 5739: 5735: 5729: 5721: 5719:9789068317688 5715: 5711: 5710: 5702: 5694: 5692:9789068317688 5688: 5684: 5683: 5675: 5668: 5663: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5633: 5625: 5619: 5603: 5596: 5588: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5564: 5559: 5552: 5548: 5542: 5526: 5522: 5516: 5509: 5503: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5485:(1340–1400), 5484: 5480: 5476: 5470: 5463: 5450: 5446: 5440: 5424: 5420: 5414: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5381: 5376: 5357: 5353: 5346: 5340: 5325: 5319: 5315: 5314: 5306: 5304: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5279:The Economist 5276: 5270: 5255:. 24 May 2022 5254: 5250: 5244: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5214: 5207: 5202: 5196: 5192: 5191: 5183: 5177:, p. 202 5176: 5171: 5164: 5160: 5155: 5153: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5126: 5125:Vintage Books 5122: 5121: 5116: 5110: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5083: 5079: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5052: 5045: 5044:United States 5039: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5018: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4990: 4986: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4950:Shame culture 4948: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4907: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4877: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4857: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4843: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4817: 4813: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4781: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4762: 4757: 4753:, and Russia 4751: 4745: 4740: 4737: 4732: 4728: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4697: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4663: 4653: 4649: 4642: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4621:Changi Prison 4618: 4614: 4611: 4606: 4603: 4598: 4595: 4594:Domineque Ray 4590: 4581: 4576: 4566: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4551: 4546: 4544: 4536: 4535:John Christie 4532: 4531:Timothy Evans 4527: 4522: 4516: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4483: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4458: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4439: 4432: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4408: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4388: 4387:Changi Prison 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4354: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4317: 4312: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4297:right to life 4288: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4273: 4272:Immanuel Kant 4269: 4266:'s Professor 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4213: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4199: 4198:brutalization 4193: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4087: 4085:of Singapore) 4084: 4080: 4079: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4050:Yong Vui Kong 4047: 4042: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4015: 4013: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3983: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3930: 3923:Capital crime 3920: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3732: 3728: 3727:North Savonia 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3697: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3650:Rizana Nafeek 3646: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3599: 3597: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3528:German Empire 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3474: 3465: 3461: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3420: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3400: 3395: 3386: 3382: 3379: 3374: 3372: 3367: 3365: 3359: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3343: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3246: 3235: 3234: 3228: 3223: 3221: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3198: 3187: 3186: 3180: 3175: 3173: 3162: 3161: 3155: 3150: 3148: 3137: 3136: 3129: 3124: 3122: 3111: 3110: 3104: 3099: 3097: 3086: 3085: 3079: 3074: 3072: 3061: 3060: 3053: 3048: 3046: 3035: 3034: 3028: 3023: 3021: 3010: 3009: 3003: 2998: 2996: 2985: 2984: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2959: 2958: 2952: 2947: 2945: 2934: 2933: 2927: 2922: 2920: 2919:United States 2909: 2908: 2901: 2896: 2894: 2883: 2882: 2876: 2871: 2869: 2858: 2857: 2851: 2846: 2844: 2833: 2832: 2825: 2819: 2817: 2806: 2805: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2782: 2781: 2777:International 2774: 2767: 2766: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2740:Ahmed Shaheed 2737: 2733: 2711: 2707: 2705: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2649:United States 2646: 2640: 2601: 2595: 2582: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2514: 2508: 2506: 2501: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2470: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2419: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2392: 2391: 2386: 2383:of 1440. Sir 2382: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2335:Emperor Shōmu 2328: 2327:Emperor Shōmu 2324: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2270: 2268: 2267:hotly debated 2264: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2207: 2203: 2202: 2196: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2162: 2157: 2148: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2100:nation states 2093: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2079: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2054: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2011: 2010: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1988:proselytising 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1863:early caliphs 1860: 1856: 1849: 1844: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1808: 1803: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1784: 1778: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1721:Julius Caesar 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1694:Late Republic 1691: 1690:Twelve Tables 1681: 1677: 1675: 1672:According to 1670: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1576: 1573:, woodcut by 1572: 1568: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1535: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1416:sexual crimes 1412: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1373:schwedentrunk 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1357:boiling alive 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1302: 1297: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1245:United States 1242: 1237: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136:assassination 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1109:electrocution 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1080: 1074: 1072: 1067: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1018:death penalty 1015: 1004: 999: 997: 992: 990: 985: 984: 982: 981: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 939: 936: 934: 931: 930: 929: 926: 924: 923:Friendly fire 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 905: 904: 903: 899: 898: 893: 890: 886: 883: 881: 878: 877: 876: 873: 869: 866: 864: 861: 860: 859: 856: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 838: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 815: 814: 813: 809: 808: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 769: 768: 767: 766: 760: 759: 755: 754: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 730: 729: 728: 725: 722: 721: 714: 711: 710: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 682: 679: 678: 677: 676:Serial killer 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 641:Mass stabbing 639: 637: 636:Mass shooting 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 605: 602: 601: 600: 597: 593: 590: 589: 588: 585: 583: 582:Honor killing 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 537:Assassination 535: 534: 533: 532: 531: 525: 524: 521: 518: 517: 514: 511: 510: 506: 505: 495: 490: 488: 483: 481: 476: 475: 473: 472: 465: 460: 457: 452: 447: 444: 439: 436: 433: Not in 431: 428: 423: 422: 420: 419: 413: 408: 403: 402: 400: 399: 395: 394: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 369: 367: 366: 362: 361: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 285: 283: 282: 278: 277: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 252: 248: 245: 244: 240: 237: 235: 232: 231: 227: 224: 222: 219: 218: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 180: 178: 177: 174: 171: 170: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 145: 143: 142: 139: 136: 135: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 75: 73: 72: 68: 67: 63: 62: 59: 56: 55: 52: 48: 41: 37: 33: 29: 22: 17511:Human rights 17389:Adoption law 17377:Abortion law 17370:Reproduction 17334:Prostitution 17104:Lifetime use 16748:Exonerations 16527:2020–present 16512:South Dakota 16502:Rhode Island 16497:Pennsylvania 16477:North Dakota 16230:South Dakota 16220:Rhode Island 16215:Pennsylvania 16195:North Dakota 15895:Dependencies 15881:Cook Islands 15720:Dependencies 15588:Sint Maarten 15568:Saint Martin 15306:Saint Helena 15277: 15181:South Africa 15171:Sierra Leone 14976:Burkina Faso 14880:Saudi Arabia 14690:Dependencies 14620:Turkmenistan 14585:Saudi Arabia 14278:Transnistria 14240:Vatican City 13806:Slow slicing 13788: 13659: 13606:firing squad 13579: 13526: 13513:Youth Update 13512: 13427: 13407:Jared Carter 13368:Reprieve.org 13283: 13280:Charles Lane 13128: 13094: 13085: 13070:by removing 13057: 13027: 13010: 13002: 12975: 12952: 12943: 12918: 12914: 12894: 12875: 12854: 12830: 12809: 12783: 12779: 12771: 12752: 12740: 12694: 12690: 12681: 12620: 12592: 12582:Bibliography 12555: 12551: 12545: 12536: 12527: 12515:. Retrieved 12503: 12493: 12481:. Retrieved 12477: 12467: 12458: 12446: 12437: 12428: 12416:. Retrieved 12404: 12392: 12380:. Retrieved 12375: 12366: 12354:. Retrieved 12350: 12341: 12333: 12326:. Retrieved 12317: 12308: 12296:. Retrieved 12292: 12283: 12271:. Retrieved 12262: 12253: 12241:. Retrieved 12227: 12215:. Retrieved 12201: 12189:. Retrieved 12175: 12158: 12154: 12141: 12129:. Retrieved 12125: 12116: 12104:. Retrieved 12089: 12077:. Retrieved 12073:the original 12063: 12053:14 September 12051:. Retrieved 12042: 12030:. Retrieved 12026:the original 12016: 12004:. Retrieved 12000:the original 11990: 11968: 11955: 11946: 11934:. Retrieved 11930: 11920: 11908:. Retrieved 11904:the original 11894: 11882:. Retrieved 11868: 11856:. Retrieved 11842: 11830:. Retrieved 11826:the original 11816: 11797: 11785:. Retrieved 11780: 11771: 11759:. Retrieved 11754: 11745: 11733:. Retrieved 11728: 11719: 11707:. Retrieved 11702: 11693: 11681:. Retrieved 11677:The Guardian 11676: 11667: 11655:. Retrieved 11650: 11641: 11629:. Retrieved 11624: 11615: 11603:. Retrieved 11599:the original 11594: 11585: 11573:. Retrieved 11569: 11529: 11525: 11515: 11468: 11464: 11454: 11442:. Retrieved 11422: 11418: 11405: 11393:. Retrieved 11379: 11367:. Retrieved 11363:the original 11353: 11341:. Retrieved 11327: 11315:. Retrieved 11311: 11298: 11286:. Retrieved 11282:the original 11276: 11270: 11257: 11245:. Retrieved 11231: 11219:. Retrieved 11215:the original 11205: 11193:. Retrieved 11173: 11164: 11156: 11148: 11138: 11126:. Retrieved 11122:the original 11112: 11100:. Retrieved 11096:the original 11086: 11074:. Retrieved 11060: 11037: 11028: 11016:. Retrieved 11002: 10990:. Retrieved 10982:The Atlantic 10981: 10971: 10943: 10936: 10927: 10918: 10906:. Retrieved 10897: 10888: 10876:. Retrieved 10867: 10858: 10850: 10846: 10837: 10825:. Retrieved 10820: 10796:. Retrieved 10791: 10782: 10770:. Retrieved 10766:the original 10756: 10733: 10721:. Retrieved 10707: 10695:. Retrieved 10681: 10669:. Retrieved 10655: 10643:. Retrieved 10639:the original 10629: 10617:. Retrieved 10611:. Nyls.edu. 10603: 10593: 10588: 10573: 10564: 10552:. Retrieved 10548:the original 10537: 10524: 10514: 10498: 10485: 10473:. Retrieved 10467:. Aclu.org. 10459: 10425: 10401: 10389:. Retrieved 10385:the original 10371: 10359:. Retrieved 10355: 10345: 10328: 10324: 10318: 10306:. Retrieved 10302:the original 10292: 10280:. Retrieved 10276:the original 10266: 10254:. Retrieved 10240: 10228:. Retrieved 10224:the original 10214: 10206:the original 10201: 10191: 10179:. Retrieved 10165: 10153:. Retrieved 10144: 10135: 10122: 10113: 10100:The Atlantic 10098: 10088: 10076:. Retrieved 10062: 10050:. Retrieved 10041: 10032: 10017: 10008: 9999: 9990: 9978:. Retrieved 9974: 9964: 9945: 9939: 9927:. Retrieved 9920: 9896:. Retrieved 9890: 9880: 9868:. Retrieved 9864:the original 9850: 9838:. Retrieved 9831: 9822: 9810:. Retrieved 9806: 9781:. Retrieved 9777: 9752:. Retrieved 9732: 9670: 9666: 9656: 9644:. Retrieved 9635: 9626: 9614:. Retrieved 9605: 9596: 9586:14 September 9584:. Retrieved 9575: 9566: 9554:The Guardian 9553: 9544: 9524: 9488: 9481: 9470:the original 9465: 9461: 9433:. Retrieved 9429:the original 9419: 9407:. Retrieved 9397: 9385:. Retrieved 9375: 9363:. Retrieved 9349: 9337:. Retrieved 9323: 9311:. Retrieved 9307:the original 9297: 9278: 9266:. Retrieved 9261: 9252: 9240:. Retrieved 9230: 9218:. Retrieved 9213: 9204: 9192:. Retrieved 9183: 9174: 9162:. Retrieved 9153: 9144: 9132:. Retrieved 9128:the original 9118: 9109: 9100: 9081: 9069:. Retrieved 9055: 9043:. Retrieved 9034: 9024: 9008: 8996:. Retrieved 8992:the original 8982: 8970:. Retrieved 8966:the original 8933: 8919: 8905: 8893:. Retrieved 8879:"HRW Report" 8873: 8864: 8855: 8846: 8837: 8828: 8819: 8810: 8801: 8792: 8783: 8774: 8765: 8757: 8752: 8744: 8739: 8730: 8721: 8712: 8703: 8694: 8685: 8673:. Retrieved 8669:the original 8658: 8646:. Retrieved 8642:the original 8632: 8605: 8595: 8583:. Retrieved 8573: 8561:. Retrieved 8557:the original 8547: 8537:19 September 8535:. Retrieved 8530: 8521: 8509:. Retrieved 8505:the original 8495: 8481: 8469:. Retrieved 8464: 8455: 8442:Toronto Star 8440: 8430: 8418:. Retrieved 8404: 8386: 8378:BusinessTech 8377: 8368: 8356:. Retrieved 8347: 8338: 8326:. Retrieved 8317: 8308: 8296:. Retrieved 8269: 8260: 8248:. Retrieved 8237: 8225:. Retrieved 8214: 8202:. Retrieved 8197: 8188: 8176:. Retrieved 8167: 8157: 8148: 8139: 8125: 8113:. Retrieved 8099: 8086: 8077: 8065:. Retrieved 8061:the original 8056: 8047: 8035:. Retrieved 8021: 8009:. Retrieved 7995: 7983:. Retrieved 7979: 7970: 7958:. Retrieved 7953: 7944: 7932:. Retrieved 7928: 7919: 7911: 7904:. Retrieved 7901:trtworld.com 7900: 7891: 7879:. Retrieved 7874: 7865: 7847: 7835:. Retrieved 7824: 7812:. Retrieved 7808:the original 7798: 7786:. Retrieved 7782:the original 7772: 7760:. Retrieved 7746: 7734:. Retrieved 7730:the original 7720: 7708:. Retrieved 7704:the original 7690: 7678:. Retrieved 7673: 7664: 7653: 7644: 7631: 7622: 7610:. Retrieved 7579:. Retrieved 7570: 7561: 7549:. Retrieved 7545:the original 7535: 7525: 7519: 7508: 7495: 7484: 7474: 7463: 7454: 7436: 7424: 7409: 7400: 7388:. Retrieved 7384: 7375: 7363:. Retrieved 7338:. Retrieved 7331:the original 7318: 7298: 7291: 7271: 7264: 7244: 7237: 7217: 7210: 7190: 7183: 7163: 7156: 7144:. Retrieved 7130: 7118:. Retrieved 7114:the original 7103: 7091:. Retrieved 7073: 7061:. Retrieved 7057: 7048: 7036: 7031: 7016:See Caitlin 7012: 6995: 6975: 6968: 6956:. Retrieved 6949:the original 6930: 6918:. Retrieved 6904: 6884: 6862:. Retrieved 6858:the original 6853: 6844: 6832:. Retrieved 6829:philstar.com 6828: 6818: 6805: 6795: 6783:. Retrieved 6769: 6757:. Retrieved 6748: 6738: 6726:. Retrieved 6722: 6712: 6700:. Retrieved 6695: 6686: 6675: 6670: 6658:. Retrieved 6653: 6644: 6624: 6617: 6608: 6600: 6595: 6575: 6568: 6539: 6535: 6525: 6514: 6509: 6474: 6470: 6460: 6452: 6447: 6425:Philadelphia 6420: 6369: 6312: 6290: 6285: 6276: 6271: 6248: 6242: 6236:William Muir 6231: 6227: 6190: 6169: 6104: 6073:. Retrieved 6036: 6023: 6012:, retrieved 5990: 5980: 5975:Benn, p. 210 5959: 5931: 5911:25 September 5909:. Retrieved 5905: 5895: 5862: 5858: 5848: 5828:. New York: 5825: 5819: 5800: 5794: 5780: 5768:. Retrieved 5764:the original 5754: 5742:. Retrieved 5738:the original 5728: 5708: 5701: 5681: 5674: 5669:, p. 15 5662: 5650:. Retrieved 5641: 5632: 5606:. Retrieved 5595: 5576: 5570: 5558: 5550: 5546: 5541: 5529:. Retrieved 5525:the original 5515: 5507: 5502: 5494: 5490: 5478: 5474: 5469: 5460: 5453:. Retrieved 5439: 5427:. Retrieved 5413: 5401:. Retrieved 5387: 5375: 5363:. Retrieved 5339: 5327:. Retrieved 5312: 5290:. Retrieved 5278: 5269: 5257:. Retrieved 5252: 5243: 5231:. Retrieved 5213: 5204: 5189: 5182: 5170: 5118: 5115:Grann, David 5109: 5096: 5092: 5082: 5057:South Africa 5055:For example 5051: 5038: 5017: 5000: 4989: 4941: 4889: 4858: 4847: 4839: 4821: 4794: 4784: 4777: 4765: 4741: 4729: 4713: 4701: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4648: 4607: 4599: 4591: 4587: 4578: 4555: 4550:DNA evidence 4547: 4540: 4502: 4499:Neil Gorsuch 4492: 4486: 4482:Baze v. Rees 4480: 4466: 4459: 4435: 4425:A gurney at 4363:Jolovan Wham 4356: 4351: 4319: 4314: 4308: 4305:Albert Camus 4294: 4291:Human rights 4277: 4252:mass killing 4240:child murder 4237: 4232:war criminal 4207: 4195: 4076: 4058: 4043: 4039: 4032:Sign at the 3984: 3981: 3960:Tokyo Trials 3938: 3915:-controlled 3909: 3905: 3901: 3846:Saudi Arabia 3736: 3679: 3665: 3661:spree killer 3654: 3647: 3631: 3600: 3593: 3590: 3567: 3544: 3540:East Germany 3536:West Germany 3532:Nazi Germany 3530:in 1872. In 3509: 3502: 3496: 3478: 3470: 3450:Saudi Arabia 3424: 3422: 3407: 3403: 3396: 3392: 3383: 3375: 3368: 3360: 3344: 3321: 3301: 2843:Saudi Arabia 2728: 2704:World War II 2701: 2642: 2579: 2574: 2556: 2544: 2533: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2509: 2505:World War II 2502: 2481: 2478: 2471: 2469:completely. 2452:celebrating 2444: 2420: 2415: 2388: 2367: 2339:Emperor Saga 2332: 2302: 2291: 2271: 2259: 2243: 2211: 2201:Standgericht 2199: 2169:Nazi Germany 2166: 2161:firing squad 2151:20th century 2141: 2123: 2114:approach to 2097: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2060: 2043: 2007: 2001: 1995: 1957: 1927: 1858: 1852: 1819: 1812: 1791: 1787: 1783:slow slicing 1779: 1775: 1763:Tang dynasty 1760: 1733: 1713:Roman consul 1705:Roman Senate 1702: 1687: 1684:Ancient Rome 1678: 1671: 1660: 1650: 1601:, where the 1596: 1580: 1550: 1538:substitution 1537: 1531: 1514: 1413: 1405: 1389: 1353:slow slicing 1306: 1253: 1233: 1226:Saudi Arabia 1215: 1207:Soviet Union 1144:child murder 1127: 1123: 1119: 1117: 1091:, including 1089:many methods 1076: 1068: 1045: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1012: 781: 765:jurisdiction 762: 761: 724:Manslaughter 688:Spree killer 666:Proxy murder 547:Child murder 530:jurisdiction 527: 526: 382:Criminal law 304:Life licence 255:Imprisonment 233: 88:Speedy trial 51: 17732:Alcohol law 17717:LGBT rights 17650:Competition 17587:environment 17305:Pornography 17033:Cocaine use 16427:Mississippi 16352:Connecticut 16290:Puerto Rico 16145:Mississippi 16060:Connecticut 15828:New Zealand 15558:Puerto Rico 15468:Saint Lucia 15418:El Salvador 15233:recognition 15186:South Sudan 15076:Ivory Coast 14749:Asia portal 14650:States with 14570:Philippines 14510:South Korea 14505:North Korea 14400:Afghanistan 14316:Isle of Man 14251:recognition 14220:Switzerland 14155:Netherlands 13862:Executioner 13702:Crucifixion 13677:Brazen bull 13667:Blood eagle 13648:Ancient and 13628:Gas chamber 13174:BBC Horizon 13088:August 2022 12937:gun control 12770:Hammel, A. 12356:1 September 12328:1 September 12298:1 September 12273:11 February 12243:11 February 12217:11 February 12191:11 February 12106:11 February 12079:11 February 12032:11 February 11910:12 December 11884:12 December 11858:12 February 11832:12 December 11575:11 February 11369:11 February 11343:11 February 11211:"Innocence" 11195:23 December 10908:23 February 10671:11 February 9754:12 November 9525:Corrections 9435:23 February 9409:23 February 9387:23 February 9365:23 February 9339:23 February 9262:Japan Today 9194:11 February 9164:11 February 9134:11 February 9071:12 December 9045:12 December 8998:12 December 8608:: 131–152. 8585:12 February 8563:12 December 8178:16 November 7837:6 September 7788:12 December 7762:11 February 7736:11 February 7674:Equal Times 7612:11 February 7043:, 2002. p10 7018:pp. 420–422 6920:5 September 6759:17 December 6654:www.loc.gov 6187:Pellat, Ch. 6145:j.ctt9qfmm4 5652:12 December 5563:Genesis 9:6 5010:New Zealand 4931:Executioner 4842:South Sudan 4641:Singapore. 4625:diamorphine 4367:Kirsten Han 4330:due process 4246:, multiple 4216:Retribution 3848:, Bahrain, 3834:North Korea 3797:, Myanmar, 3759:South Korea 3743:Afghanistan 3557:within the 3381:shooting". 3356:Philippines 3268:North Korea 3245:Afghanistan 3045:South Sudan 2770:Punishments 2732:North Korea 2671:, and most 2400:Leopold I, 2385:Thomas More 2363:Kievan Rus' 2298:Philippines 2226:Great Purge 2224:during the 2145:Bloody Code 2116:criminology 2112:utilitarian 2094:), 1766 ed. 1899:al-Mu'tadid 1833:Christendom 1797:Middle Ages 1735:Crucifixion 1543:blood money 1420:fornication 1393:blood money 1385:brazen bull 1381:blood eagle 1345:crucifixion 1329:keelhauling 1209:during the 1140:mass murder 1059:of the head 970:Tyrannicide 908:Crucifixion 851:Neonaticide 846:Infanticide 631:Mass murder 621:Lust murder 314:Exoneration 17890:Categories 17565:In the air 17560:By country 17500:by country 17488:by country 17466:by country 17454:by country 17437:by country 17420:Censorship 17361:Sodomy law 17231:Punishment 17212:Households 17099:Annual use 17057:Opiate use 17011:Bath salts 16985:Drugs and 16935:Retirement 16549:Washington 16462:New Mexico 16457:New Jersey 16342:California 16260:Washington 16180:New Mexico 16175:New Jersey 16050:California 15553:Montserrat 15548:Martinique 15543:Guadeloupe 15398:Costa Rica 15288:(Portugal) 15246:Somaliland 15166:Seychelles 15131:Mozambique 15116:Mauritania 15101:Madagascar 15056:The Gambia 14991:Cape Verde 14865:Gaza Strip 14630:Uzbekistan 14605:Tajikistan 14520:Kyrgyzstan 14500:Kazakhstan 14420:Bangladesh 14410:Azerbaijan 14190:San Marino 14150:Montenegro 14130:Luxembourg 14110:Kazakhstan 14013:Azerbaijan 13826:Waist chop 13790:Mazzatello 13784:Ishikozume 13779:Impalement 13774:Immurement 13764:Guillotine 13712:Decimation 13476:Dalai Lama 13430:. Dublin: 13197:Supporting 12418:22 January 12382:25 January 12006:8 December 11936:30 January 11651:Yahoo News 10230:25 January 10145:Justia.com 10042:Justia.com 9898:11 October 9870:11 October 9840:11 October 8675:5 February 8420:10 January 8057:Gallup.com 7875:Al Jazeera 7857:Kyodo News 7833:. BBC News 7465:Al Jazeera 7340:3 December 7058:Britannica 6937:死刑制度に関する資料 6834:10 October 6728:19 January 6723:Al Jazeera 6343:2017956010 5770:27 October 5744:26 October 5206:execution. 5101:HeinOnline 5075:References 5067:retain it. 5004:including 4733:abolished 4720:moratorium 4569:Volunteers 4519:See also: 4468:The Lancet 4438:guillotine 4400:High Court 4326:Blackstone 4220:See also: 4190:See also: 4175:brigandage 4158:Witchcraft 4130:Religious 4119:Separatism 4067:See also: 4007:moratorium 4005:imposed a 3999:Kho Jabing 3944:war crimes 3619:jus cogens 3434:Bangladesh 3417:See also: 3371:Kazakhstan 3352:moratorium 3071:Bangladesh 2736:Al Jazeera 2633:By country 2492:San Marino 2449:penal code 2316:See also: 2230:Mao Zedong 2185:decimation 2073:Modern era 1968:Samaritans 1725:foreigners 1652:Protagoras 1436:bestiality 1408:blood feud 1365:mazzatello 1361:impalement 1321:pre-modern 1317:deterrence 1309:dissidents 1299:Anarchist 1199:kidnapping 1195:recidivism 1163:war crimes 1148:aggravated 928:Gendercide 868:Sororicide 863:Fratricide 837:Prolicide 828:Mariticide 823:Familicide 787:Euthanasia 334:Recidivism 208:Guidelines 173:Sentencing 158:Not proven 148:Conviction 93:Jury trial 78:Fair trial 17756:ownership 17705:At school 17667:Corporate 17411:Surrogacy 17285:Obscenity 17222:Ownership 17077:Ayahuasca 16952:in the US 16928:in the US 16758:Last meal 16753:Juveniles 16517:Tennessee 16407:Louisiana 16270:Wisconsin 16235:Tennessee 16140:Minnesota 16115:Louisiana 15798:Australia 15709:Venezuela 15654:Argentina 15538:Greenland 15453:Nicaragua 15428:Guatemala 15121:Mauritius 14869:West Bank 14861:Palestine 14716:Hong Kong 14670:Palestine 14595:Sri Lanka 14590:Singapore 14470:Indonesia 14306:Gibraltar 14125:Lithuania 13884:Last meal 13857:Death row 13759:Gibbeting 13633:Beheading 13456:Q28925851 13448:0081-4776 13440:2262/7759 13422:(1850). " 13072:excessive 12800:143875533 12572:142990687 12512:0362-4331 11548:2053-1680 11473:CiteSeerX 11128:23 August 11102:23 August 11076:23 August 11018:23 August 10697:23 August 10554:23 August 9703:145298403 9687:0002-9300 9313:23 August 8895:23 August 8648:23 August 8511:23 August 8168:La Stampa 7980:USA Today 7906:2 January 7881:2 January 7814:23 August 7146:23 August 7093:10 August 6501:250934172 6493:2561-925X 6376:Cambridge 6364:(1987) . 6161:141668547 6119:NYU Press 6065:2330-4804 5951:845680499 5879:1558-3562 5830:Routledge 5608:23 August 5510:, p. 147. 5429:27 August 5403:23 August 5365:23 August 5287:0013-0613 5233:23 August 5143:993996600 5031:Guatemala 5006:Australia 4955:Last meal 4856:in 2002. 4617:Singapore 4473:hypnotics 4383:death row 4256:terrorism 4150:Drinking 4145:Moharebeh 4094:Espionage 4088:Terrorism 3869:Guatemala 3838:Indonesia 3803:Sri Lanka 3799:Singapore 3741:Hanging ( 3715:Red Guard 3542:in 1952. 3348:Sri Lanka 3324:overthrow 3309:Caribbean 3020:Palestine 2944:Singapore 2661:Singapore 2565:; and in 2488:Venezuela 2410:his realm 2355:scourging 2177:desertion 2173:cowardice 2136:Karl Marx 2083:Antiporta 1950:martyrdom 1917:governed 1887:Ibn Abbas 1674:Aristotle 1622:draconian 1607:customary 1492:desertion 1464:moharebeh 1460:blasphemy 1183:espionage 1155:terrorism 1085:beheading 1071:capitalis 1042:death row 1038:condemned 1034:execution 975:War crime 938:Androcide 885:Patricide 880:Matricide 875:Parricide 858:Siblicide 833:Uxoricide 792:Foeticide 661:Poisoning 577:Foeticide 464:UK courts 427:US courts 293:Probation 203:Discharge 193:Custodial 188:Suspended 183:Mandatory 153:Acquittal 83:Pre-trial 47:Uppercase 17901:Penology 17710:In court 17688:Violence 17660:Monopoly 17642:Business 17620:Mortgage 17610:Minerals 17582:Property 17258:Policing 17152:Legality 17140:Legality 17128:Legality 17116:Legality 17111:Ibogaine 17094:Legality 17089:Cannabis 17082:Legality 17070:Legality 17050:Legality 17038:Legality 16964:Suffrage 16923:Marriage 16918:Majority 16908:Drinking 16879:rankings 16544:Virginia 16487:Oklahoma 16467:New York 16442:Nebraska 16432:Missouri 16422:Michigan 16412:Maryland 16402:Kentucky 16382:Illinois 16366:pre-1972 16357:Delaware 16347:Colorado 16337:Arkansas 16322:Military 16309:executed 16305:Lists of 16255:Virginia 16205:Oklahoma 16185:New York 16160:Nebraska 16150:Missouri 16135:Michigan 16125:Maryland 16110:Kentucky 16090:Illinois 16065:Delaware 16055:Colorado 16045:Arkansas 16025:Military 15813:Kiribati 15699:Suriname 15689:Paraguay 15674:Colombia 15503:Anguilla 15438:Honduras 15408:Dominica 15383:Barbados 15312: / 15308: / 15301:(France) 15295: / 15273: / 15269: / 15221:Zimbabwe 15196:Tanzania 15046:Ethiopia 15041:Eswatini 15021:Djibouti 14986:Cameroon 14971:Botswana 14739:Category 14660:Abkhazia 14610:Thailand 14565:Pakistan 14545:Mongolia 14540:Maldives 14535:Malaysia 14435:Cambodia 14326:Svalbard 14311:Guernsey 14258:Abkhazia 14205:Slovenia 14200:Slovakia 14175:Portugal 14033:Bulgaria 13889:Penology 13801:Scaphism 13739:Elephant 13727:Drowning 13707:Crushing 13601:Shooting 13452:Wikidata 13388:Archived 13309:Opposing 13242:Archived 13155:Archived 13116:Archived 12902:Archived 12852:(2005). 12723:Archived 12674:(1902). 12591:(2002). 12517:24 April 12483:24 April 12409:Archived 12322:Archived 12267:Archived 12237:Archived 12211:Archived 12185:Archived 12131:22 April 12100:Archived 11979:Archived 11960:Archived 11878:Archived 11852:Archived 11808:Archived 11787:16 April 11761:16 April 11735:16 April 11709:16 April 11683:16 April 11657:16 April 11631:31 March 11507:Archived 11503:15737940 11495:16683924 11435:Archived 11389:Archived 11337:Archived 11247:30 April 11241:Archived 11186:Archived 11153:Archived 11070:Archived 11046:cite web 11012:Archived 10986:Archived 10902:Archived 10878:27 April 10872:Archived 10827:16 April 10798:16 April 10742:Archived 10723:14 April 10717:Archived 10691:Archived 10665:Archived 10619:14 April 10613:Archived 10580:Archived 10529:Archived 10503:Archived 10475:14 April 10469:Archived 10449:Archived 10434:Archived 10414:Archived 10361:17 April 10250:Archived 10175:Archived 10149:Archived 10127:Archived 10105:Archived 10072:Archived 10046:Archived 10024:Archived 9980:16 April 9892:ABC News 9812:16 April 9783:16 April 9745:Archived 9640:Archived 9610:Archived 9606:Fox News 9580:Archived 9558:Archived 9359:Archived 9333:Archived 9286:Archived 9220:26 April 9188:Archived 9184:BBC News 9158:Archived 9154:BBC News 9089:Archived 9065:Archived 9039:Archived 9035:BBC News 8972:30 April 8942:Archived 8937:UNICEF, 8886:Archived 8531:BBC News 8447:Archived 8414:Archived 8396:Archived 8352:Archived 8322:Archived 8292:Archived 8250:20 April 8227:20 April 8204:20 April 8172:Archived 8115:30 April 8109:Archived 8091:Archived 8087:BBC News 8031:Archived 8005:Archived 7960:21 April 7756:Archived 7636:Archived 7606:Archived 7575:Archived 7551:30 April 7443:Archived 7441:. 2010. 7411:NBC News 7390:8 August 7140:Archived 7087:Archived 7021:Archived 7007:), p. 40 6914:Archived 6810:Archived 6779:Archived 6753:Archived 6560:Archived 6415:(1998). 6153:35526232 6111:New York 6075:13 April 6069:Archived 6043:New York 6009:27559562 5646:Archived 5618:cite web 5600:Robert. 5545:Lindow, 5449:Archived 5423:Archived 5397:Archived 5356:Archived 5227:Archived 5061:Botswana 4910:See also 4795:de facto 4756:de facto 4336:and the 4260:massacre 4254:such as 4248:homicide 4136:apostasy 4012:whipping 3987:Malaysia 3952:genocide 3942:such as 3873:Thailand 3858:Oklahoma 3775:Pakistan 3763:Malaysia 3607:ratified 3578:Fribourg 3507:(2005). 3446:Pakistan 3440:, Iran, 3296:Unknown 3275:Unknown 3254:Unknown 3206:Unknown 2754:region. 2497:Pedro II 2445:de facto 2296:and the 2275:Pakistan 2263:Michigan 2063:Lumières 1976:Mandeans 1972:Gnostics 1877:, while 1867:Abu Bakr 1815:medieval 1751:traitors 1709:Catiline 1610:oral law 1603:Athenian 1548:Norsemen 1521:(1883). 1452:apostasy 1424:adultery 1397:shunning 1377:scaphism 1187:sedition 1171:genocide 1097:shooting 1026:sentence 955:Regicide 950:Omnicide 945:Genocide 933:Femicide 918:Democide 892:Senicide 841:Filicide 626:Lynching 513:Homicide 387:Evidence 221:Totality 198:Periodic 17744:Slavery 17727:Smoking 17700:At home 16999:Alcohol 16987:alcohol 16976:Working 16913:Driving 16898:Consent 16574:By year 16559:Wyoming 16539:Vermont 16437:Montana 16387:Indiana 16372:Georgia 16362:Florida 16332:Arizona 16327:Alabama 16275:Wyoming 16250:Vermont 16155:Montana 16095:Indiana 16075:Georgia 16070:Florida 16040:Arizona 16030:Alabama 15959:Tokelau 15863:Vanuatu 15704:Uruguay 15679:Ecuador 15659:Bolivia 15533:Curaçao 15518:Bonaire 15513:Bermuda 15443:Jamaica 15423:Grenada 15378:Bahamas 15297:Réunion 15293:Mayotte 15284:Madeira 15279:(Spain) 15275:Melilla 15206:Tunisia 15176:Somalia 15161:Senegal 15146:Nigeria 15136:Namibia 15126:Morocco 15091:Liberia 15086:Lesotho 15036:Eritrea 15006:Comoros 14981:Burundi 14956:Algeria 14851:Lebanon 14811:Bahrain 14635:Vietnam 14550:Myanmar 14530:Lebanon 14460:Georgia 14415:Bahrain 14405:Armenia 14230:Ukraine 14180:Romania 14140:Moldova 14098:Ireland 14093:Iceland 14088:Hungary 14078:Germany 14073:Georgia 14063:Finland 14058:Estonia 14053:Denmark 14038:Croatia 14023:Belgium 14018:Belarus 14008:Austria 14003:Armenia 13998:Andorra 13993:Albania 13811:Stoning 13754:Garrote 13749:Flaying 13744:Falling 13697:Burning 13682:Boiling 13652:methods 13638:Stoning 13596:Hanging 13182:Megalaw 13066:Please 13058:use of 12774:(2014). 12098:. OAS. 11956:Reuters 11605:28 July 11288:1 April 11221:26 July 10992:20 July 10391:27 June 10181:20 July 10155:20 July 10078:20 July 10052:20 July 9929:4 April 9695:3396668 9268:24 July 9242:24 July 8471:2 March 8037:20 July 7934:2 March 7710:1 April 7680:28 July 7655:Reuters 7365:28 July 7063:3 April 6958:6 April 6864:6 March 6785:19 July 6702:3 April 6660:3 April 6556:1143143 6014:3 April 5887:3306244 5547:op.cit. 5531:20 July 5508:op.cit. 5455:19 July 5292:18 June 5259:18 June 4994:Belarus 4904:Islamic 4827:Burundi 4812:Belarus 4761:Armenia 4750:de jure 4736:de jure 4171:Hirabah 4162:sorcery 4152:alcohol 4121:(China) 3830:Somalia 3826:Belarus 3822:Vietnam 3767:Nigeria 3723:Varkaus 3700:Methods 3594:During 3568:In the 3555:Moravia 3551:Bohemia 3512:Prussia 3340:Ukraine 3326:of the 3317:treason 3293:Unknown 3289:Vietnam 3272:Unknown 3147:Belarus 3096:Myanmar 2893:Somalia 2796:Unknown 2775:Amnesty 2768:Capital 2760:Country 2462:Francis 2404:(later 1915:Puritan 1907:buggery 1895:Baghdad 1829:witches 1826:Satanic 1747:bandits 1592:Sabbath 1468:hirabah 1349:flaying 1291:History 1235:de jure 1179:treason 1113:gassing 1105:stoning 1093:hanging 1053: 1046:capital 960:Stoning 913:Deicide 396:Portals 138:Verdict 98:Counsel 17842:Sharia 17739:Murder 17615:Mining 17600:Estate 17293:Incest 17207:Deaths 16959:Voting 16886:Age of 16733:Debate 16492:Oregon 16447:Nevada 16397:Kansas 16307:people 16210:Oregon 16165:Nevada 16105:Kansas 16080:Hawaii 16035:Alaska 15934:Hawaii 15858:Tuvalu 15684:Guyana 15664:Brazil 15458:Panama 15448:Mexico 15393:Canada 15388:Belize 15316: 15299: 15286: 15216:Zambia 15211:Uganda 15151:Rwanda 15106:Malawi 15066:Guinea 14961:Angola 14890:Turkey 14846:Kuwait 14841:Jordan 14836:Israel 14816:Cyprus 14680:Taiwan 14615:Turkey 14580:Russia 14515:Kuwait 14495:Jordan 14485:Israel 14445:Cyprus 14430:Brunei 14425:Bhutan 14321:Jersey 14263:Kosovo 14225:Turkey 14215:Sweden 14195:Serbia 14185:Russia 14170:Poland 14165:Norway 14145:Monaco 14115:Latvia 14083:Greece 14068:France 14043:Cyprus 13796:Sawing 13692:Burial 13454: 13446: 13015:online 12984: 12960: 12946:(2011) 12899:online 12883: 12862: 12838: 12817: 12798: 12760: 12745:online 12729:." () 12708: 12691:Death 12628: 12607: 12570: 12510: 12069:"UNTC" 11546: 11501: 11493: 11475: 11395:9 July 11317:2 July 10958: 10772:6 July 10645:6 July 10308:23 May 10282:23 May 10256:23 May 9952: 9701: 9693: 9685: 9646:30 May 9616:30 May 9532: 9500: 8620: 8358:9 July 8348:News24 8328:9 July 8298:9 July 8067:20 May 8011:9 July 7985:9 July 7698:. The 7581:17 May 7306: 7279: 7252: 7225: 7198: 7171: 7120:19 May 7003: 6983: 6892: 6632: 6583: 6554: 6519:online 6499: 6491: 6435: 6386: 6341: 6331: 6259: 6215: 6197:Leiden 6159: 6151: 6143: 6133: 6115:London 6063: 6007: 5997: 5949: 5939: 5885: 5877: 5836: 5807: 5716: 5689: 5583: 5551:things 5479:mordre 5475:murder 5320: 5285: 5197: 5141: 5131: 5065:Zambia 5027:Brazil 5023:Canada 4946:(book) 4900:Baháʼí 4787:Turkey 4731:Latvia 4724:Russia 4667: 4660: 4658: 4602:Shiite 4154:(Iran) 4147:(Iran) 3995:caning 3978:Murder 3840:, the 3783:Israel 3719:Whites 3694:UNICEF 3586:Zurich 3582:Ticino 3491:) the 3304:Taiwan 3286: 3265: 3242: 3220:Jordan 3217: 3194: 3169: 3144: 3118: 3093: 3068: 3042: 3017: 2995:Kuwait 2992: 2966: 2941: 2916: 2890: 2865: 2840: 2813: 2789: 2722: 2716: 2702:Since 2695: 2689: 2659:, and 2657:Taiwan 2623: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2532:) and 2458:Joseph 2390:Utopia 2343:Shinto 2294:Turkey 2208:, 1944 2163:, 1916 2037:, and 2014:ransom 2009:kharaj 1997:sharia 1959:dhimmi 1948:, and 1855:sodomy 1749:, and 1626:Romans 1577:, 1860 1552:things 1500:mutiny 1498:, and 1446:, and 1434:, and 1432:sodomy 1428:incest 1375:, and 1333:sawing 1191:piracy 1189:, and 1169:, and 1132:murder 1111:, and 810:Family 520:Murder 462: 454: 441: 425: 329:Pardon 300: 298:Tariff 288:Parole 128:Appeal 34:, 30:, 17810:Other 17625:Water 17572:Abode 17165:Death 16789:Other 16522:Texas 16377:Idaho 16240:Texas 16120:Maine 16085:Idaho 15853:Tonga 15843:Samoa 15833:Palau 15823:Nauru 15669:Chile 15508:Aruba 15433:Haiti 15271:Ceuta 15191:Sudan 15141:Niger 15096:Libya 15081:Kenya 15061:Ghana 15051:Gabon 15026:Egypt 14966:Benin 14900:Yemen 14885:Syria 14875:Qatar 14821:Egypt 14721:Macau 14640:Yemen 14600:Syria 14575:Qatar 14555:Nepal 14490:Japan 14465:India 14455:Egypt 14440:China 14296:Åland 14210:Spain 14135:Malta 14105:Italy 13852:Crime 12796:S2CID 12693:Quest 12568:S2CID 12412:(PDF) 12401:(PDF) 12351:WCADP 12151:(PDF) 11499:S2CID 11444:3 May 11438:(PDF) 11415:(PDF) 11308:(PDF) 11189:(PDF) 11182:(PDF) 10868:Today 10506:(PDF) 10495:(PDF) 10417:(PDF) 10410:(PDF) 10000:Today 9748:(PDF) 9741:(PDF) 9699:S2CID 9691:JSTOR 9473:(PDF) 9458:(PDF) 8889:(PDF) 8882:(PDF) 7505:(PDF) 7446:(PDF) 7433:(PDF) 7334:(PDF) 7327:(PDF) 6952:(PDF) 6941:(PDF) 6552:JSTOR 6497:S2CID 6157:S2CID 6141:JSTOR 6099:. In 5883:JSTOR 5359:(PDF) 5348:(PDF) 5329:8 May 4976:Notes 4835:Benin 4831:Gabon 4322:Locke 4179:armed 4132:Hudud 3913:Hamas 3854:Yemen 3850:Qatar 3807:Syria 3795:India 3791:Egypt 3787:Yemen 3771:Sudan 3755:Japan 3458:Yemen 3454:Sudan 3430:China 3378:Egypt 3334:(see 3197:Syria 3172:Japan 3121:Yemen 2868:Egypt 2801:1,000 2792:China 2669:India 2665:China 2653:Japan 2255:India 2251:Japan 2247:China 2003:jizya 1859:athar 1757:China 1656:Plato 1618:Solon 1614:Draco 1534:feuds 1523:Roman 1517:, by 1472:Fasad 1448:Qisas 1440:Hudud 1249:Japan 1243:(the 1218:China 1126:, or 1079:caput 1075:from 1066:Latin 900:Other 213:Guilt 17605:Land 17354:Rape 17298:Laws 17217:Laws 17199:Guns 16874:and 16872:laws 16702:2024 16697:2023 16692:2022 16687:2021 16682:2020 16677:2019 16672:2018 16667:2017 16662:2016 16657:2015 16652:2014 16647:2013 16642:2012 16637:2011 16632:2010 16627:2009 16622:2008 16617:2007 16612:2006 16607:2005 16602:2004 16597:2003 16592:2002 16587:2001 16582:2000 16534:Utah 16482:Ohio 16392:Iowa 16285:Guam 16245:Utah 16200:Ohio 16100:Iowa 15929:Guam 15886:Niue 15808:Fiji 15694:Peru 15578:Saba 15403:Cuba 15201:Togo 15111:Mali 15001:Chad 14856:Oman 14831:Iraq 14826:Iran 14560:Oman 14525:Laos 14480:Iraq 14475:Iran 13867:list 13474:The 13444:ISSN 12982:ISBN 12958:ISBN 12881:ISBN 12860:ISBN 12836:ISBN 12815:ISBN 12758:ISBN 12706:ISBN 12626:ISBN 12605:ISBN 12519:2023 12508:ISSN 12485:2023 12420:2021 12384:2021 12358:2021 12330:2021 12300:2021 12275:2014 12245:2014 12219:2014 12193:2014 12133:2024 12108:2014 12081:2014 12055:2024 12034:2014 12008:2007 11938:2023 11912:2012 11886:2012 11860:2008 11834:2012 11789:2022 11763:2022 11737:2022 11711:2022 11685:2022 11659:2022 11633:2022 11607:2019 11577:2019 11544:ISSN 11491:PMID 11446:2014 11397:2014 11371:2014 11345:2014 11319:2020 11290:2019 11249:2012 11223:2019 11197:2015 11130:2010 11104:2010 11078:2010 11052:link 11020:2010 10994:2021 10956:ISBN 10910:2011 10880:2022 10829:2022 10800:2022 10774:2014 10725:2013 10699:2010 10673:2014 10647:2014 10621:2013 10556:2010 10477:2013 10393:2008 10363:2022 10310:2009 10284:2009 10258:2009 10232:2008 10183:2021 10157:2021 10080:2021 10054:2021 9982:2022 9950:ISBN 9931:2023 9900:2018 9872:2018 9842:2018 9814:2022 9785:2022 9756:2021 9683:ISSN 9648:2016 9618:2016 9588:2014 9530:ISBN 9498:ISBN 9437:2011 9411:2011 9389:2011 9367:2011 9341:2011 9315:2010 9270:2018 9244:2018 9222:2020 9196:2014 9166:2014 9136:2014 9073:2012 9047:2012 9000:2012 8974:2012 8897:2010 8677:2006 8650:2010 8618:ISBN 8587:2008 8565:2012 8539:2023 8513:2010 8473:2022 8422:2018 8360:2014 8330:2014 8300:2014 8252:2021 8229:2021 8206:2021 8180:2021 8117:2012 8069:2017 8039:2021 8013:2014 7987:2014 7962:2021 7936:2021 7908:2021 7883:2021 7839:2021 7816:2010 7790:2012 7764:2014 7738:2014 7712:2008 7682:2023 7614:2014 7583:2013 7553:2012 7392:2018 7367:2023 7342:2018 7304:ISBN 7277:ISBN 7250:ISBN 7223:ISBN 7196:ISBN 7169:ISBN 7148:2010 7122:2022 7095:2016 7065:2023 7001:ISBN 6981:ISBN 6960:2023 6922:2011 6890:ISBN 6866:2023 6836:2020 6787:2017 6761:2014 6730:2024 6704:2023 6662:2023 6630:ISBN 6581:ISBN 6489:ISSN 6433:ISBN 6384:ISBN 6339:LCCN 6329:ISBN 6319:and 6257:ISBN 6213:ISBN 6149:OCLC 6131:ISBN 6113:and 6077:2021 6061:ISSN 6016:2023 6005:PMID 5995:ISBN 5947:OCLC 5937:ISBN 5913:2023 5875:ISSN 5834:ISBN 5805:ISBN 5772:2020 5746:2020 5714:ISBN 5687:ISBN 5654:2012 5624:link 5610:2010 5581:ISBN 5533:2006 5457:2017 5431:2017 5405:2010 5367:2010 5331:2022 5318:ISBN 5294:2024 5283:ISSN 5261:2024 5235:2016 5195:ISBN 5139:OCLC 5129:ISBN 5063:and 5042:The 5029:and 5008:and 4902:and 4892:sect 4402:and 4373:and 4324:and 4250:and 4160:and 4071:and 4052:and 3950:and 3917:Gaza 3862:Utah 3860:and 3751:Iraq 3747:Iran 3659:, a 3553:and 3442:Iraq 3130:> 3054:> 2978:> 2969:Iraq 2902:> 2826:> 2820:> 2816:Iran 2799:> 2752:MENA 2748:Gaza 2472:The 2253:and 2187:and 2134:and 2110:, a 2006:and 1982:and 1964:Jews 1805:The 1688:The 1667:soul 1663:Laws 1561:duel 1444:Zina 1383:and 1247:and 1224:and 1222:Iran 1151:rape 1050:lit. 123:Bail 17595:Air 17584:and 17123:LSD 16870:by 15722:and 14692:and 13436:hdl 13426:". 13282:in 13278:by 13074:or 12788:doi 12698:doi 12653:doi 12641:doi 12560:doi 12163:doi 11781:CNA 11570:NPR 11534:doi 11483:doi 11427:doi 10948:doi 10333:doi 9675:doi 9636:CNN 9494:6–7 8610:doi 6544:doi 6479:doi 6205:doi 6123:doi 6051:doi 5867:doi 5161:in 4785:In 4759:). 4619:'s 3842:UAE 3721:in 3621:of 3510:In 2853:196 2848:146 2828:576 2822:596 2772:UK 2387:'s 2351:747 2349:in 2167:In 2086:of 1909:". 1893:in 1813:In 1458:), 772:War 17892:: 14867:, 13525:. 13450:. 13442:. 13434:. 13217:- 13172:, 13001:. 12794:. 12782:. 12704:. 12696:. 12680:. 12603:. 12595:. 12566:. 12556:33 12554:. 12535:. 12506:. 12502:. 12476:. 12457:. 12436:. 12407:. 12403:. 12374:. 12349:. 12332:. 12316:. 12291:. 12265:. 12261:. 12159:90 12157:. 12153:. 12124:. 11977:. 11954:. 11929:. 11779:. 11753:. 11727:. 11701:. 11675:. 11649:. 11623:. 11593:. 11568:. 11556:^ 11542:. 11528:. 11524:. 11505:. 11497:. 11489:. 11481:. 11469:17 11467:. 11463:. 11433:. 11423:51 11421:. 11417:. 11310:. 11147:. 11048:}} 11044:{{ 11036:. 10984:. 10980:. 10954:. 10896:. 10866:. 10845:. 10819:. 10808:^ 10790:. 10578:. 10572:. 10527:. 10523:. 10501:. 10497:. 10440:, 10412:. 10379:. 10354:. 10329:57 10327:. 10200:. 10147:. 10143:. 10125:. 10121:. 10103:. 10097:. 10044:. 10040:. 10016:. 9998:. 9973:. 9919:. 9908:^ 9889:. 9858:. 9830:. 9805:. 9793:^ 9776:. 9764:^ 9722:. 9711:^ 9697:. 9689:. 9681:. 9671:99 9669:. 9665:. 9634:. 9604:. 9574:. 9552:. 9512:^ 9496:. 9466:19 9464:. 9460:. 9445:^ 9260:. 9212:. 9182:. 9152:. 9108:. 9037:. 9033:. 8953:^ 8616:. 8604:. 8529:. 8463:. 8445:. 8439:. 8412:. 8376:. 8346:. 8316:. 8278:^ 8268:. 8196:. 8166:. 8147:. 8085:. 8055:. 7978:. 7952:. 7927:. 7910:. 7899:. 7873:. 7855:. 7672:. 7652:. 7630:. 7591:^ 7569:. 7507:. 7483:. 7462:. 7435:. 7413:, 7408:. 7383:. 7350:^ 7081:. 7056:. 7039:, 6874:^ 6852:. 6827:. 6808:. 6804:. 6751:. 6747:. 6721:. 6694:. 6652:. 6558:. 6550:. 6540:74 6538:. 6534:. 6495:. 6487:. 6475:21 6473:. 6469:. 6427:: 6423:. 6419:. 6398:^ 6378:: 6374:. 6368:. 6351:^ 6337:. 6323:: 6315:. 6311:. 6299:^ 6251:. 6234:, 6211:. 6203:. 6199:: 6181:; 6177:; 6155:. 6147:. 6139:. 6129:. 6117:: 6109:. 6085:^ 6067:. 6059:. 6045:: 6035:. 6003:, 5989:, 5968:^ 5945:. 5921:^ 5904:. 5881:. 5873:. 5863:49 5861:. 5857:. 5644:. 5640:. 5620:}} 5616:{{ 5553:). 5489:, 5459:. 5354:. 5350:. 5302:^ 5277:. 5251:. 5225:. 5221:. 5203:. 5151:^ 5137:. 5123:. 5097:40 5095:. 5091:. 4449:, 4365:, 4340:, 4311:: 4258:, 4242:, 4177:; 4173:; 3974:. 3946:, 3871:, 3864:). 3852:, 3844:, 3836:, 3832:, 3820:, 3816:, 3805:, 3801:, 3793:, 3789:, 3785:, 3781:, 3777:, 3773:, 3769:, 3765:, 3761:, 3757:, 3753:, 3749:, 3745:, 3725:, 3677:. 3565:. 3549:, 3452:, 3448:, 3436:, 3432:, 2980:11 2954:11 2949:11 2929:18 2924:18 2898:19 2878:24 2873:13 2686:. 2675:. 2667:, 2655:, 2651:, 2549:, 2423:(" 2269:. 2257:. 2249:, 2179:, 2041:. 1974:, 1970:, 1966:, 1944:, 1940:, 1865:. 1745:, 1563:. 1502:. 1494:, 1474:, 1470:, 1466:, 1462:, 1442:, 1430:, 1426:, 1422:, 1406:A 1403:. 1387:. 1371:, 1367:, 1363:, 1359:, 1355:, 1351:, 1347:, 1343:, 1339:, 1335:, 1331:, 1327:, 1220:, 1185:, 1181:, 1177:, 1165:, 1161:, 1157:, 1153:, 1146:, 1142:, 1138:, 1134:, 1122:, 1115:. 1107:, 1103:, 1099:, 1095:, 16860:e 16853:t 16846:v 16368:) 16364:( 15998:e 15991:t 15984:v 15778:e 15771:t 15764:v 15632:e 15625:t 15618:v 15353:e 15346:t 15339:v 14934:e 14927:t 14920:v 14871:) 14863:( 14783:e 14776:t 14769:v 14376:e 14369:t 14362:v 13971:e 13964:t 13957:v 13572:e 13565:t 13558:v 13458:. 13438:: 13409:. 13133:. 13101:) 13095:( 13090:) 13086:( 13082:. 13064:. 12990:. 12966:. 12889:. 12868:. 12844:. 12823:. 12802:. 12790:: 12784:3 12766:. 12736:. 12714:. 12700:: 12659:. 12655:: 12647:. 12643:: 12634:. 12613:. 12574:. 12562:: 12539:. 12521:. 12487:. 12440:. 12422:. 12386:. 12360:. 12302:. 12277:. 12247:. 12221:. 12195:. 12169:. 12165:: 12135:. 12110:. 12083:. 12057:. 12036:. 12010:. 11985:. 11940:. 11914:. 11888:. 11862:. 11836:. 11791:. 11765:. 11739:. 11713:. 11687:. 11661:. 11635:. 11609:. 11579:. 11550:. 11536:: 11530:5 11485:: 11448:. 11429:: 11399:. 11373:. 11347:. 11321:. 11292:. 11251:. 11225:. 11199:. 11132:. 11106:. 11080:. 11054:) 11022:. 10996:. 10966:. 10964:. 10950:: 10912:. 10882:. 10831:. 10802:. 10776:. 10727:. 10701:. 10675:. 10649:. 10623:. 10558:. 10479:. 10395:. 10365:. 10339:. 10335:: 10312:. 10286:. 10260:. 10234:. 10185:. 10159:. 10082:. 10056:. 9984:. 9958:. 9933:. 9902:. 9874:. 9844:. 9816:. 9787:. 9758:. 9726:. 9705:. 9677:: 9650:. 9620:. 9590:. 9538:. 9506:. 9439:. 9413:. 9391:. 9369:. 9343:. 9317:. 9272:. 9246:. 9224:. 9198:. 9168:. 9138:. 9075:. 9049:. 9002:. 8976:. 8899:. 8679:. 8652:. 8626:. 8612:: 8589:. 8567:. 8541:. 8515:. 8475:. 8424:. 8362:. 8332:. 8302:. 8254:. 8231:. 8208:. 8182:. 8119:. 8071:. 8041:. 8015:. 7989:. 7964:. 7938:. 7885:. 7841:. 7818:. 7792:. 7766:. 7740:. 7714:. 7684:. 7658:. 7616:. 7585:. 7555:. 7513:. 7489:. 7394:. 7369:. 7344:. 7312:. 7285:. 7258:. 7231:. 7204:. 7177:. 7150:. 7124:. 7097:. 7067:. 6989:. 6962:. 6924:. 6898:. 6868:. 6838:. 6789:. 6763:. 6732:. 6706:. 6664:. 6638:. 6589:. 6546:: 6503:. 6481:: 6441:. 6392:. 6345:. 6265:. 6221:. 6207:: 6163:. 6125:: 6079:. 6053:: 5953:. 5915:. 5889:. 5869:: 5842:. 5813:. 5788:. 5774:. 5748:. 5722:. 5695:. 5656:. 5626:) 5612:. 5589:. 5535:. 5433:. 5407:. 5369:. 5333:. 5296:. 5263:. 5237:. 5145:. 5103:. 5012:. 4747:( 3931:. 3733:. 3250:0 3230:0 3225:1 3202:1 3182:1 3177:1 3157:3 3152:0 3132:4 3126:1 3106:4 3101:4 3081:4 3076:4 3056:5 3050:2 3030:5 3025:5 3005:7 3000:7 2974:4 2904:6 2090:( 1528:. 1062:' 1056:' 1048:( 1002:e 995:t 988:v 493:e 486:t 479:v 49:. 42:. 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index