28:
163:"the Terceiras islands, commonly called the Azores, adjacent to these Kingdoms...are a considerable part of them by the kindness of its climate and for its distinct vassals who have their homes in them, so worthy of the same providence, which predecessor kings were masters at political, military and civil governments, to each and every one of the provinces of these kingdoms, and the state of Brazil and more domains overseas, creating in them governors and captains-general."
102:, who was donatary of the islands, the donatary possessions were integrated into Crown possessions, resulting in a clear delineation of Royal and donatary powers. This alteration had an important effect on the islands, since the functions of the donatary captains were transferred, without exception, from resident officials on the islands to members of the high nobility resident in Portugal, who were represented locally by
88:
donatary-captains, resulting in a patchwork of development. Living far from direct power, the donatary-captains functioned with individual vice-regal rights, that allowed them to operate as local kings. But, parallel with this system, evolved the traditional
Portuguese municipal model, wherein the islands were structured into municipalities, where the municipal organs assumed a great deal of the local governance.
106:. The distancing of the Donatary-captains meant that the renting of lands to serfs no longer occurred, since all land remained the property of the Crown, through its assigned representatives: land distribution on the islands was essentially complete. This process essentially transferred feudal power to the aristocracy, who received 10% of the land rents and had little to no influence on local governance.
125:
jurisdiction of the
Captaincy-General encompassed the civil administration, justice and economic sectors, conferring Vice-Royal status and series of powers that permitted the control of the public administration, including municipal institutions. The creation of the Captaincy-General marked the end of signeurial power on the islands, then embodied in the
157:, on 2 August 1766, resulting in the creation of the Captaincy-General of the Azores (a system that already existed in many of the overseas territories of the Portugal and Spain, in the Americas). Owing to being the seat of the only Diocese in the Azores, the city of Angra was selected as the capital of the Azores, and residence of the Captain-General.
124:
The initiation of the
Pombaline reforms were, therefore, anachronistic and contrary to the enlightened and centralizing spirit that inspired those policies. A reflection of a centralized and authoritarian system developing from the Pombaline reforms, although fundamentally a military institution, the
109:
The abolishment of the
Donatary-captains, an institution imposed due to the irregularity of the maritime communication, meant that power shifted to the municipal authorities, moderated by the interventions of the Corregedor. This resulted in increased local autonomy, with each municipality obtaining
95:, that traveled between the islands correcting, verifying and resolving issues associated with municipal laws and conflicts with the Donatary-captains. Spiritual power, was bestowed in the Order of Christ, and later in the Archdiocese of Funchal, before passing to the Bishopric of Angra after 1534.
87:
The settlement of the Azores coalesced in the second half of the 15th century, in a late medieval context, that translated into the establishment of a governing structure based on the seigneur system. Effective governorship of each island was confided in a donatary, and his subordinates, the
121:, the Crown made obliged to provide assurances to local politicians that the Azores would not function as a Vice-Regal fiefdom in the future. This guarantee was obtained during the Lisbon Cortes of 1645–1646, and the islands returned to its former administration for the preceding century.
160:
The political and administrative unification of the archipelago was also a response to the disorder implanted in the public administration, and in particular in the areas of taxation and justice. The preamble of the charter, that created the
Captaincy, justified the creation of the new
273:
144:
It is not surprising that the unification of the
Azorean government was necessary. The islands had continued subjects to the dominion of the Donatary-captains since the 15th century, even if interrupted by the Spanish
193:
305:
352:, by the Liberal party, in the seat of the captaincy, in Angra. Menezes Severim de Noronha was the last Captain-General, governing until the extinction of the Captaincy-General of the Azores.
301:
290:
204:). For his part the Bishop, citing age and ill health, solicited insistently his substitution, which was never accepted. He was finally substituted in 1796, owing to illness, by deacon
297:
212:
68:
504:
Except on the island of São Miguel, where the Gonçalves da Câmara family, the Counts of
Ribeira Grande, maintained their privileges through strategic marriages and power-plays.
205:
117:, who placed their governance in the hands of his Military Governor in Angra. The concentration of administrative power in Angra during this period meant that, following the
201:
150:
64:
227:
341:
197:
75:, who operated as the Governor of the Azores, with additional jurisdiction on every island of the Azorean archipelago. The Captaincy-General was succeeded by the
110:
an independence based on distance from Royal or signeurial power, with any influence resulting from their proximity to other islands or local municipalities.
223:
345:
495:
It is unclear whether the statue applied to the islands of Flores and Corvo, which was then under the signeurial powers, and outside the donatary system.
238:
17:
753:
189:
183:
486:
Between 1534 and 1544, there were two corregedores: one for the islands of São Miguel and Santa Maria; and other for the remaining islands.
177:
252:
699:
743:
748:
312:
259:
59:. The creation of the Captaincy-General was part of the Pombaline reforms to the Portuguese administration, during the reign of
31:
Exterior of the Palace of the
Captain-General (Palácio dos Capitães Generais), where the Captain-General of the Azores presided.
27:
136:
by Pedro IV, who created the
Province of the Azores, a new administrative structure that collapsed within the immediate years.
132:
After 65 years of functioning and various events, the
Captaincy-General was abolished under decree 28, 4 June 1832, signed in
691:
O Desempenho de Postos Militares e Cargos da Administração nos Açores em Finais do Regime de Capitania Geral. Alguns Aspectos
656:(in Portuguese), Angra do Heroísmo (Azores), Portugal: Secretaria Regional de Educação e Cultura/University of the Azores
318:
473:, created in 1832, completed the restructuring of the municipalities of the Azores, and the historical municipality of
330:
647:(in Portuguese), vol. III, Angra do Heroísmo (Azores), Portugal: Secretaria Regional da Educação e Cultura
462:
39:
was a politico-administrative structure of governance imposed in the Azores on 2 August 1766, with its seat in
417:. On the island of Flores, under a signeur, during the first half of the 16th century, the municipalities of
245:
620:(in Portuguese) (IX ed.), Ponta Delgada (Azores), Portugal: University of the Azores, 1980, p. 118
654:
O códice "529 – Açores" do Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino: A Capitania-Geral durante o Consulado Pombalino
430:
118:
425:(1548) were established. With the end of the Donatary system, the King created the municipalities of
126:
234:
153:, ordered a complete change in the governance of the islands, which were put into effect by King
661:
Leite, José Guilherme Reis (1971), "Administração, Sociedade e Economia dos Açores, 1766–1793",
434:
406:
146:
76:
683:(in Portuguese), Horta (Azores), Portugal: Núcleo Cultural da Horta/Câmara Municipal da Horta
422:
394:
154:
99:
60:
48:
638:(in Portuguese) (2nd ed.), Ponta Delgada (Azores), Portugal: Empresa Gráfica Açoriana
458:
40:
8:
55:
status had made it nonoperational, owing to the revolutionary movements that lead to the
708:
398:
114:
113:
This level of autonomy was interrupted by the Spanish conquest of the islands, under
729:(in Portuguese), Ponta Delgada (Azores), Portugal: Câmara Municipal de Ponta Delgada
466:
442:
418:
349:
79:, an ephemeral administrative structure that was collapse in the immediate years.
454:
216:
72:
636:
Capitães Generais, 1766-1831. Subsídios para a História de S. Miguel e Terceira
627:
Os Açores nas Encruzilhadas de Setecentos (1740-1770): I Poderes e Instituições
438:
47:
system of governance for 65 years, until it was abolished on 4 June 1832 by D.
694:(in Portuguese), Horta (Azores), Portugal: Boletim do Núcleo Cultural da Horta
446:
737:
470:
450:
426:
414:
410:
402:
390:
334:
133:
674:(in Portuguese), Ponta Delgada (Azores), Portugal: University of the Azores
629:(in Portuguese), Ponta Delgada (Azores), Portugal: University of the Azores
389:
Within the 15th century, during the donatary regime, the municipalities of
56:
689:
267:
Provisional Junta of the Supreme Government of the islands of the Azores
92:
172:
The following were the captains-general installed in following years:
474:
672:
São Miguel no Século XVIII. Casa, família e mecanismos de poder
665:(in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: Grupo de Estudos Açorianos
67:, then prime minister. A Captaincy-General operated from the
681:
Os Açores em Finais do Regime de Capitania-Geral 1800-1820
188:
1793–1799 – Interim government, presided by Bishop
274:
Junta Provisória do Supremo Governo das Ilhas dos Açores
151:
Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal
65:
Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal
634:
Faria e Maia, Francisco de Ataíde Machado de (1988),
91:
Royal power, until this time was represented in the
477:(that existed between 1839 and 1855) was abolished.
616:"Alterações no Regimento do Governo dos Açores",
735:
288:
271:
624:
376:
374:
372:
224:José António de Melo da Silva César e Meneses
633:
369:
727:História dos Açores: Da descoberta a 1934
669:
642:
190:José da Avé-Maria Leite da Costa e Silva
184:Dinis Gregório de Melo Castro e Mendonça
178:Antão de Almada, 12th Count of Avranches
26:
333:, by the Miguelist party, governing in
196:(who was substituted on 23 May 1795 by
194:Manuel José de Arriaga Brum da Silveira
161:politico-administrative authority only
14:
736:
754:Subdivisions of the Portuguese Empire
724:
701:A Capitania Geral e o poder municipal
688:Costa, Ricardo M. Madruga da (2006),
687:
679:Costa, Ricardo M. Madruga da (2001),
678:
660:
651:
643:Drummond, Francisco Ferreira (1981),
253:Francisco António de Araújo e Azevedo
71:, under the direction of the titular
625:Freitas Meneses, Avelino de (1999),
326:1828–1829 – Provisional junta
323:1828–1828 – Interim government
139:
652:Leite, José Guilherme Reis (1988),
319:Manuel Vieira de Albuquerque Touvar
24:
670:Rodrigues, José M. Damião (2000),
331:Henrique da Fonseca de Sousa Prego
313:Francisco de Borja Garção Stockler
306:Luís de Meireles do Canto e Castro
291:Junta de Governo Interino de Angra
260:Francisco de Borja Garção Stockler
213:Lourenço José Boaventura de Almada
25:
765:
594:Carlos Melo Bento (2008), p.87-89
585:Carlos Melo Bento (2008), p.84-87
576:Carlos Melo Bento (2008), p.82-84
567:Carlos Melo Bento (2008), p.80-82
558:Carlos Melo Bento (2008), p.78-80
549:Carlos Melo Bento (2008), p.77-78
531:Carlos Melo Bento (2008), p.75-76
522:Carlos Melo Bento (2008), p.74-75
513:Carlos Melo Bento (2008), p.71-74
465:, in 1546. The municipalities of
302:Roberto Luís de Mesquita Pimentel
284:Interim Junta Government of Angra
167:
744:Captaincy-General of the Azores
707:(in Portuguese), archived from
597:
588:
579:
570:
561:
552:
543:
342:António José Severim de Noronha
282:1823–1823 – (Absolutist)
37:Captaincy General of the Azores
18:Captaincy-General of the Azores
749:Captains-General of the Azores
603:Carlos Melo Bento (2008), p.89
540:Carlos Melo Bento (2008), p.77
534:
525:
516:
507:
498:
489:
480:
383:
380:Carlos Melo Bento (2003), p.70
298:João Pereira Forjaz de Lacerda
69:Palace of the Captains-General
13:
1:
358:
246:Aires Pinto de Sousa Coutinho
192:and the Corregedor of Angra,
265:1821–1822 – (Liberal)
206:Mateus Homem Borges da Costa
7:
725:Bento, Carlos Melo (2008),
98:With the ascension of King
63:, under the initiatives of
10:
770:
119:Portuguese Restoration War
82:
469:, created in 1723, and
645:Anais da Ilha Terceira
407:Santa Cruz da Graciosa
289:
272:
235:Miguel António de Melo
202:José Acúrsio das Neves
200:and on 9 July 1795 by
147:Conquest of the Azores
77:Province of the Azores
32:
228:Count of São Lourenço
198:Luís de Moura Furtado
129:and their overseers.
30:
455:Calheta de São Jorge
395:Vila Franca do Campo
155:Joseph I of Portugal
618:Arquivo dos Açores
346:Count of Vila Flor
340:1829-1832 —
329:1828-1831 —
317:1824–1828 –
311:1823–1824 –
258:1820–1821 –
251:1817–1820 –
244:1810–1817 –
233:1806–1810 –
222:1804–1806 –
211:1799–1804 –
182:1774–1793 –
176:1766–1774 –
115:Philip II of Spain
51:, but by 1828 its
43:. It remained the
33:
463:Praia da Graciosa
459:São Roque do Pico
140:Captaincy-General
127:Donatary-captains
16:(Redirected from
761:
730:
721:
720:
719:
713:
706:
695:
684:
675:
666:
663:Arquivo Açoriano
657:
648:
639:
630:
621:
604:
601:
595:
592:
586:
583:
577:
574:
568:
565:
559:
556:
550:
547:
541:
538:
532:
529:
523:
520:
514:
511:
505:
502:
496:
493:
487:
484:
478:
467:Madalena do Pico
387:
381:
378:
350:Duke of Terceira
294:
277:
21:
769:
768:
764:
763:
762:
760:
759:
758:
734:
733:
717:
715:
711:
704:
698:
615:
607:
602:
598:
593:
589:
584:
580:
575:
571:
566:
562:
557:
553:
548:
544:
539:
535:
530:
526:
521:
517:
512:
508:
503:
499:
494:
490:
485:
481:
461:, in 1542; and
388:
384:
379:
370:
361:
296:), composed of
217:Count of Almada
170:
142:
85:
73:Captain-General
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
767:
757:
756:
751:
746:
732:
731:
722:
696:
685:
676:
667:
658:
649:
640:
631:
622:
612:
611:
606:
605:
596:
587:
578:
569:
560:
551:
542:
533:
524:
515:
506:
497:
488:
479:
435:Ribeira Grande
382:
367:
366:
365:
360:
357:
356:
355:
354:
353:
338:
324:
321:
315:
309:
280:
263:
256:
249:
242:
239:Count of Murça
231:
220:
209:
186:
180:
169:
168:Administration
166:
141:
138:
84:
81:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
766:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
739:
728:
723:
714:on 2016-03-03
710:
703:
702:
697:
693:
692:
686:
682:
677:
673:
668:
664:
659:
655:
650:
646:
641:
637:
632:
628:
623:
619:
614:
613:
609:
608:
600:
591:
582:
573:
564:
555:
546:
537:
528:
519:
510:
501:
492:
483:
476:
472:
471:Vila do Corvo
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:São Sebastião
428:
427:Ponta Delgada
424:
420:
416:
415:Lajes do Pico
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:Vila do Porto
386:
377:
375:
373:
368:
363:
362:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:
335:Ponta Delgada
332:
328:
327:
325:
322:
320:
316:
314:
310:
307:
303:
299:
295:
293:
292:
285:
281:
278:
276:
275:
268:
264:
261:
257:
254:
250:
247:
243:
240:
236:
232:
229:
225:
221:
218:
214:
210:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
185:
181:
179:
175:
174:
173:
165:
164:
158:
156:
152:
148:
137:
135:
134:Ponta Delgada
130:
128:
122:
120:
116:
111:
107:
105:
101:
96:
94:
89:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
29:
19:
726:
716:, retrieved
709:the original
700:
690:
680:
671:
662:
653:
644:
635:
626:
617:
599:
590:
581:
572:
563:
554:
545:
536:
527:
518:
509:
500:
491:
482:
385:
287:
283:
270:
266:
171:
162:
159:
143:
131:
123:
112:
108:
103:
97:
90:
86:
57:Liberal Wars
52:
44:
36:
34:
457:, in 1534;
453:, in 1522;
449:, in 1515;
447:Água de Pau
445:, in 1514;
441:, in 1510;
437:, em 1507;
433:, in 1503;
429:, in 1499;
421:(1515) and
348:and future
738:Categories
718:2014-08-21
423:Santa Cruz
359:References
93:Corregedor
397:, Angra,
104:Ouvidores
443:Nordeste
100:Manuel I
61:Joseph I
49:Peter IV
45:de facto
610:Sources
475:Capelas
83:History
53:de jure
712:(PDF)
705:(PDF)
451:Lagoa
419:Lajes
411:Velas
403:Horta
399:Praia
364:Notes
41:Angra
439:Topo
413:and
304:and
35:The
740::
409:,
405:,
401:,
393:,
371:^
344:,
300:,
279:);
237:,
226:,
215:,
149:.
337:;
308:.
286:(
269:(
262:;
255:;
248:;
241:;
230:;
219:;
208:;
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
