191:“Being asked my opinion, my answer was that the whole matter was undoubtedly a hoax; that there was no reason why the farmer should dig a well in the spot where the figure was found; that it was convenient neither to the house nor to the barn; that there was already a good spring and a stream of water running conveniently to both; that, as to the figure itself, it certainly could not have been carved by any prehistoric race, since no part of it showed the characteristics of any such early work; that, rude as it was, it betrayed the qualities of a modern performance of a low order.”
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On the first day, visitors were able to view the giant with no fee charged. The next day, a tent was set up on the discovery site and Newell charged each visitor fifty cents for a fifteen-minute session of viewing the giant. The number of visitors went to about three to five hundred per day as the
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were used to make the giant appear to be old and weathered. In order for the giant to look ancient, Hull first wiped the giant using a sponge soaked with sand and water. The giant's surface was beaten with steel knitting needles embedded in a board to simulate pores. The giant was also rubbed with
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On a night in late
November 1868, the giant was buried in a hole in Newell's farm. Nearly a year later, Newell hired Gideon Emmons and Henry Nichols, ostensibly to dig a well, and on October 16, 1869, they found the giant. One of the men reportedly exclaimed, "I declare, some old Indian has been
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On
December 10, 1869, Hull confessed everything to the press, and on February 2, 1870, both giants were revealed as fakes in court; the judge also ruled that Barnum could not be sued for terming a fake giant a fake. Hull proclaimed that he did not confess because of the pressing criticism, but
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337:, at 50 cents a ticket. There was also a rumor that Barnum had offered to buy it for $ 20,000. One employer later revealed that this was also a creation of George Hull, aided by Willian Conant. The Solid Muldoon was made of clay, ground bones, meat, rock dust, and plaster.
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The giant was designed to imitate the form of Hull himself. Hull consulted a geologist and learned that hairs wouldn't be petrified, so he removed the hair and beard from the giant. The length of the giant was 10 feet 4½ inches and it weighed 2990 pounds.
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whom he had sworn to secrecy. Burghardt hired two sculptors named Henry Salle and Fred
Mohrmann to create the giant. They had taken cautious steps to cover up their work during the carving, putting up quilts to lessen the sound of carving.
87:, which states that there were giants who once lived on Earth. Being the minority party, Hull lost the argument. Angered by his defeat and the credulity of people, Hull wanted to prove how easily he could fool people with a fake giant.
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demand for wagons and carriages dramatically increased. The townspeople also gained huge profit because of the
Cardiff Giant. The hotels and restaurants in Cardiff saw more customers in those four days than they had ever seen before.
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examined the statue, pointing out that it was made of soluble gypsum, which, had it been buried in its blanket of wet earth for centuries, would not still have fresh tool marks on it (which it did), and termed it "a most decided
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Some believed this giant was a petrified man, while some believed it was a statue. Those who believed it was a petrified man thought it was one of the giants mentioned in the aforementioned
Genesis verse. On the other hand,
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confessed proudly that he intended for the hoax to be exposed to reveal the tendency of the
Christian community to believe in things too easily and to counter the fundamentalist belief that giants once roamed the earth.
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named George Hull. He was deeply attracted to science and especially to the theory of evolution proposed by
Charles Darwin. Hull, a skeptic, got into an argument with Reverend Turk and his supporters at a
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sulphuric acid to create a deeper, vintage-like color. During
November 1868, Hull transported the giant by railroad to the farm of his cousin, William Newell. By then, he had spent
394:'s 1869 short story "The Legend of the Capitoline Venus" was inspired by the Cardiff Giant, and the ghost of the Giant is a character in Twain's 1870 short story "A Ghost Story."
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However, he was taken aback by the channels on the bottom part of the giant, stating that for such grooving to be created on local
Onondaga grey limestone would require years.
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hired men to create a fake petrified man and place it where workmen would dig it up. One of the men who had buried the giant later revealed the truth when drunk.
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Hannum sued Barnum for calling his giant a fake, but the judge told him to get his giant to swear on his own genuineness in court if he wanted a favorable
187:, made a close inspection of the Cardiff Giant. He noticed that there was no good reason to try to dig a well in the exact spot the giant had been found.
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In 1868, Hull, accompanied by a man named H.B. Martin, hired men to quarry out a 10-foot-4.5-inch-long (3.2 m) block of
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638:""The Joy in Believing": The Cardiff Giant, Commercial Deceptions, and Styles of Observation in Gilded Age America"
54:. He covered the giant with a tent and it soon became an attraction site. Both it and an unauthorized copy made by
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copy. He displayed his giant in New York, claiming that his was the real giant, and the
Cardiff Giant was a fake.
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offered $ 50,000 for the giant. When the syndicate refused, he hired a man to model the giant's shape covertly in
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during 1867. The petrified man was displayed across Montana as a novelty and exhibited in New York and Chicago.
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had published a fake letter claiming that a prospector had been petrified when he had drunk a liquid within a
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man", uncovered on October 16, 1869 by workers digging a well behind the barn of William C. "Stub" Newell, in
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A character called the Cardiff Giant appeared occasionally in the early years of the newspaper comic
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A copy of the Giant is displayed at The Fort Museum and Frontier Village in Fort Dodge, Iowa.
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As the newspapers reported Barnum's version of the story, David Hannum was quoted as saying, "
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The idea of a petrified man did not originate with Hull, however. During 1858, the newspaper
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in American history. It was a 10-foot-tall (3.0 m), roughly 3,000 pound purported "
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941:"HistoryReference.org: P. T. Barnum Never Did Say "There's a Sucker Born Every Minute""
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Frauds, myths, and mysteries : science and pseudoscience in archaeology
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The Cardiff Giant displayed at the Bastable in Syracuse, NY, circa 1869.
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as a coffee table and conversation piece. In 1947 he sold it to the
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A Colossal Hoax: The Giant From Cardiff that Fooled America
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The Cardiff Giant has inspired a number of similar hoaxes.
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Cardiff Giant Hoax Recreated By Syracuse Artist Ty Marshal
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The Cardiff Giant was referenced in the 1935 short story "
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in the 16th or 17th century in order to impress the local
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are still being displayed. P.T. Barnum's is on display at
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The Dinosaur Hunters: Othniel C. Marsh and Edward D. Cope
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in New York. He shipped the block to Edward Burghardt in
1205:"A Look Back At: Home-Grown Hoax: The Taughannock Giant"
310:, a coin-operated game arcade and museum of oddities in
264:
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Nicklell, Joe (May–June 2009), "Cardiff's Giant Hoax",
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during the 1940s and 50s billed as "The Cardiff Giant."
995:"Fake of a Fake of a Fake: A giant tale of local lore"
314:, has said that the copy displayed there is Barnum's.
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of five men headed by David Hannum. They moved it to
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used an image of The Cardiff Giant for their album “
144: (equivalent to $ 60,000 in 2023) for the hoax.
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The Cardiff Giant being exhumed during October 1869.
807:"A Fossil Giant – Singular Discovery Near Syracuse"
216:and preachers, however, defended its authenticity.
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347:During 1897, a petrified man found downriver from
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111:, telling them it was intended for a monument to
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1180:. No. Fall 2003. Life in the Finger Lakes.
966:"An Alleged Revelation by Hull, the Giant Maker"
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1635:Bridgeport, Connecticut, Centennial half dollar
419:is the biggest hoax since the Cardiff Giant in
1019:Letter to Paul M. Paine, dated August 28, 1939
1394:Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus
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340:In 1879, the owner of a hotel at what is now
582:"The Cardiff Giant: A Hundred Year Old Hoax"
378:"Cardiff Giant" is a song on the 2012 album
269:The Cardiff Giant was displayed at the 1901
223: (equivalent to $ 554,000 in 2023) to a
219:Eventually, Hull sold his part-interest for
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1154:(6). Archaeological Institute of America.
745:(6), Archaeological Institute of America,
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545:"This Month in History: The Cardiff Giant"
1339:US Library of Congress photo of the giant
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456:" was inspired by the Cardiff Giant, the
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467:The Cardiff Giant was referenced in the
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434:did an episode about the Cardiff Giant.
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1203:Githler, Charley (December 26, 2017).
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1087:"Marvin's Marvelous Mechanical Museum"
929:Cardiff Giant, Geological Hall, Albany
749:from the original on December 17, 2009
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273:, but did not attract much attention.
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1211:from the original on October 10, 2018
1142:Rose, Mark (November–December 2005).
1097:from the original on October 24, 2012
733:Rose, Mark (November–December 2005),
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265:Subsequent and current resting places
1261:, Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing,
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308:Marvin's Marvelous Mechanical Museum
60:Marvin's Marvelous Mechanical Museum
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1668:There's a sucker born every minute
1184:from the original on March 3, 2020
248:There's a sucker born every minute
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1123:from the original on July 9, 2017
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16:1869 American archaeological hoax
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152:Exhibition and exposure as fraud
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1158:from the original on 2010-06-26
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1144:"When Giants Roamed the Earth"
974:. December 13, 1869. p. 2
897:. December 1, 1869. p. 23
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735:"When Giants Roamed the Earth"
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1259:Fakers, Forgers & Phoneys
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355:. Meagher had drowned in the
1329:P.T. Barnum Never Did Say...
1308:, Rowman & Littlefield,
484:Myron Edward Batesole was a
342:Taughannock Falls State Park
320:
169:that was carved by a French
7:
1715:Hoaxes in the United States
1469:Annie Jones (bearded woman)
982:– via newspapers.com.
905:– via newspapers.com.
827:– via newspapers.com.
819:October 20, 1869. p. 4
767:Dunn, James Taylor (1948).
503:
39:was one of the most famous
10:
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1598:The Greatest Show on Earth
1514:Millie and Christine McKoy
1429:Captain George Costentenus
1257:Magnusson, Magnus (2006),
851:American Heritage Magazine
699:Feder, Kenneth L. (1995).
312:Farmington Hills, Michigan
64:Farmington Hills, Michigan
1740:Giants in popular culture
1625:Barnum's Aquarial Gardens
1607:
1567:
1386:
1334:Photo of "discovery" site
1176:Rogers, A. Glenn (1953).
280:The Cardiff Giant at the
183:, the first president of
1730:1869 in New York (state)
1705:Archaeological forgeries
1620:Barnum's American Museum
999:Press & Sun-Bulletin
839:"The Giant in the Earth"
769:"The Cardiff Giant Hoax"
636:Pettit, Michael (2006).
580:Franco, Barbara (1969).
1304:Tribble, Scott (2009),
1282:Jacobs, Harvey (1997),
1178:"The Taughannock Giant"
271:Pan-American Exposition
1424:Henry Alexander Cooper
1290:, St. Martin's Press,
422:The Amazing Spider-Man
353:Thomas Francis Meagher
284:
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83:revival meeting about
70:Creation and discovery
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1651:The Herald of Freedom
1439:John Diamond (dancer)
486:professional wrestler
301:Cooperstown, New York
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1720:Sideshow attractions
1615:John "Grizzly" Adams
1591:The Greatest Showman
1568:Fictional portrayals
1484:William S. Hutchings
1449:Colonel Routh Goshen
1409:Chang and Eng Bunker
491:Power-violence band
349:Fort Benton, Montana
1700:19th-century hoaxes
1419:Circassian beauties
1207:. Tompkins Weekly.
1041:"The Cardiff Giant"
865:"The Cardiff Giant"
812:National Republican
497:Dwarf Jester Rising
372:Halt and Catch Fire
289:Gardner Cowles, Jr.
1554:Wild Men of Borneo
1509:Maximo and Bartola
1399:Anna Haining Bates
1236:2016-07-24 at the
1068:Skeptical Inquirer
844:2009-02-06 at the
837:Stephen W. Sears,
364:In popular culture
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229:Syracuse, New York
185:Cornell University
33:
25:
1710:Hoaxes in science
1677:
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1584:The Mighty Barnum
1534:General Tom Thumb
1499:Count Primo Magri
1387:Acts and exhibits
1117:"The Fort Museum"
869:www.lockhaven.edu
475:The Shadow Within
431:The Memory Palace
333:was exhibited in
52:Cardiff, New York
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1725:Fossil forgeries
1539:Charles B. Tripp
1529:Isaac W. Sprague
1474:Hannah Battersby
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306:The owner of
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1380:P. T. Barnum
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1251:Bibliography
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1160:. Retrieved
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551:. 2014-10-16
548:
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474:
470:Babylon Five
468:
462:Scopes trial
458:Piltdown Man
449:The Simpsons
447:
438:
429:
428:The podcast
420:
415:writes that
386:mewithoutYou
384:by the band
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36:
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1504:Master Juba
1444:Admiral Dot
1148:Archaeology
1101:January 16,
978:January 29,
901:January 29,
823:January 29,
739:Archaeology
425:#18 (1964).
407:Hazel Heald
381:Ten Stories
293:rumpus room
214:theologians
121:stonecutter
119:, a German
85:Genesis 6:4
76:tobacconist
1684:Categories
1645:Nancy Fish
1494:Jenny Lind
1459:Joice Heth
1268:1845961900
1162:2010-04-26
1004:2022-05-02
951:2017-02-20
874:2022-03-22
555:2022-02-27
521:References
460:, and the
417:Spider-Man
392:Mark Twain
255:injunction
1657:Iranistan
1578:(musical)
1404:Eli Bowen
1027:910726243
785:0146-437X
753:April 26,
711:604139167
662:0021-1753
598:0146-437X
452:episode "
446:The 1997
440:Alley Oop
321:Imitators
225:syndicate
142:US$ 2,600
81:Methodist
48:petrified
1234:Archived
1215:June 28,
1209:Archived
1188:June 28,
1182:Archived
1156:Archived
1121:Archived
1095:Archived
842:Archived
793:43460302
747:archived
686:25861933
678:17367004
606:42677717
504:See also
221:$ 23,000
212:". Some
131:Various
1608:Related
1127:July 7,
241:plaster
117:Chicago
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1093:.com.
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210:humbug
171:Jesuit
167:statue
133:stains
105:gypsum
44:hoaxes
1479:Jumbo
789:JSTOR
682:S2CID
666:JSTOR
602:JSTOR
526:Notes
493:Spazz
401:" by
137:acids
98:geode
1310:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1217:2019
1190:2019
1129:2017
1103:2013
1052:2019
1023:OCLC
980:2021
903:2021
825:2021
781:ISSN
755:2005
707:OCLC
674:PMID
658:ISSN
642:Isis
594:ISSN
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199:Yale
135:and
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