42:
134:
217:
Once suitable donor organs are present, the surgeon makes an incision starting above and finishing below the sternum, cutting all the way to the bone. The skin edges are retracted to expose the sternum. Using a bone saw, the sternum is cut down the middle. Rib spreaders are inserted in the cut, and
247:
Most candidates for heart–lung transplants have life-threatening damage to both their heart and lungs. In the US, most prospective candidates have between twelve and twenty-four months to live. At any one time, there are about 250 people registered for heart–lung transplantation at the
225:, which circulates and oxygenates blood. The surgeon removes the failing heart and lungs. Most surgeons endeavour to cut blood vessels as close as possible to the heart to leave room for trimming, especially if the donor heart is of a different size than the original organ.
201:
in a single operation. Due to a shortage of suitable donors and because both heart and lung have to be transplanted together, it is a rare procedure; only about a hundred such transplants are performed each year in the United States.
990:
354:
In 2004, there were only 39 heart–lung transplants performed in the entire United States and only 75 worldwide. By comparison, in that same year there were 2,016 heart and 1,173 lung transplants.
372:
The first successful heart transplant was performed in South Africa in 1967. The first successful heart–lung transplant was performed at
Stanford in the United States, by
1429:
1105:
228:
The donor heart and lungs are positioned and sewn into place. As the donor organs warm up to body temperature, the lungs begin to inflate. The heart may
52:
610:
214:. When the donor organs arrive, they are checked for fitness; if any organs show signs of damage, they are discarded and the operation cancelled.
698:
17:
1341:
156:
236:
fibres are not contracting synchronously. Internal paddles can be used to apply a small electric shock to the heart to restore proper rhythm.
377:
509:"The first human heart transplant and further advances in cardiac transplantation at Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town"
113:
940:
85:
1422:
450:
92:
339:
to prevent infection as the anti-rejection drugs weakens the immune system. A schedule of frequent follow up visits is necessary.
761:
1415:
99:
81:
2048:
1779:
1203:
1084:
1079:
691:
589:
748:
71:
1010:
995:
726:
394:
249:
1124:
2038:
1557:
1129:
1100:
1074:
684:
454:
239:
Once the donor organs are functioning normally, the heart–lung machine is withdrawn, and the chest is closed.
1973:
1948:
1005:
985:
435:
1943:
1589:
1043:
970:
106:
1048:
1407:
1933:
1789:
1784:
1053:
909:
831:
614:
67:
31:
1396:
935:
806:
277:
A second transplant after the first transplant was rejected or failed to operate satisfactorily (4%).
60:
2043:
2013:
1840:
1807:
1799:
1000:
826:
347:
The success rate of heart–lung transplants has improved significantly in recent years. The
British
163:
1567:
1456:
1167:
1112:
863:
771:
348:
56:
2003:
1968:
1938:
1873:
1774:
1391:
1376:
1117:
975:
858:
853:
848:
811:
332:
265:
222:
1297:
351:
states that the survival rate is now around 85%, one year after the transplant was performed.
1983:
1646:
1381:
1318:
1265:
1229:
1157:
838:
816:
796:
707:
671:
411:
365:
laid the groundwork for heart lung transplant with his experiments into heart transplant at
1855:
1830:
1641:
1188:
945:
821:
786:
416:
328:
8:
1978:
1960:
1928:
1878:
1503:
1281:
776:
738:
733:
721:
369:
in the mid-1960s. Shumway conducted the first adult heart transplant in the US in 1968.
331:), some are able to return home after just two weeks in hospital. Patients will be given
259:
1850:
1822:
1676:
1576:
1439:
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525:
508:
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2008:
1998:
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914:
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571:
530:
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307:
151:
1208:
766:
561:
520:
479:
406:
252:(UNOS) in the US, of which around forty will die before a suitable donor is found.
1761:
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891:
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271:
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886:
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843:
756:
397:
in 1986. Iran's first heart-lung transplant was performed in Tehran in 2002.
1865:
1707:
1610:
1540:
1535:
1250:
1224:
649:
575:
534:
493:
390:
383:
229:
27:
Procedure carried out to replace both heart and lungs in a single operation
1845:
1725:
1712:
1702:
1670:
1594:
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919:
439:
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performed the first heart-lung transplant in the United
Kingdom in 1983.
373:
336:
676:
179:
1835:
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1618:
1519:
1493:
1488:
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70:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
218:
spread the ribs to give access to the heart and lungs of the patient.
1993:
1631:
1550:
324:
297:
1602:
1371:
1058:
366:
293:
281:
Candidates for a heart–lung transplant are usually required to be:
255:
Conditions which may necessitate a heart–lung transplant include:
1812:
1447:
1988:
1685:
1665:
1527:
611:"ST VINCENT'S HOSPITAL SYDNEY HEART & LUNG TRANSPLANT UNIT"
262:(defects present at birth) affecting the heart and lungs (48%);
306:
Capable of following a post-operative regimen of exercise and
198:
194:
1038:
666:
289:
550:"The first successful combined heart–lung transplantation"
323:
after the operation. If there are no complications (e.g.,
636:
Broumand B (2005). "Transplantation activities in Iran".
389:
Australia's first heart-lung transplant was conducted by
672:
Photograph of first successful heart–lung transplant
468:"Norman E. Shumway and the Early Heart Transplants"
193:is a procedure carried out to replace both failing
554:The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
2030:
667:National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
590:"1983: Transplant makes British medical history"
1342:List of organ transplant donors and recipients
66:Please review the contents of the article and
1919:
1423:
692:
941:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
465:
1430:
1416:
699:
685:
635:
706:
565:
524:
483:
242:
288:Have no other medical conditions (e.g.
14:
2031:
32:Lung transplantation § Heart–lung
1411:
680:
547:
506:
319:Most patients spend several days in
35:
1780:High-resolution computed tomography
1438:Tests and procedures involving the
1085:Canadian Society of Transplantation
1080:American Society of Transplantation
232:at first – this occurs because the
24:
25:
2070:
660:
513:Cardiovascular Journal of America
314:
1011:United Network for Organ Sharing
996:National Transplant Organization
250:United Network for Organ Sharing
132:
40:
1125:Organ transplantation in Israel
18:Cardiopulmonary transplantation
1558:Laryngotracheal reconstruction
1130:Organ transplantation in Japan
1101:Organ transplantation in China
1075:American Society of Nephrology
629:
603:
582:
541:
507:Brink, Johann G (2009-02-20).
500:
459:
444:
429:
221:The patient is connected to a
68:add the appropriate references
13:
1:
1949:Positive pressure ventilation
1006:Trillium Gift of Life Network
986:National Marrow Donor Program
472:Texas Heart Institute Journal
422:
395:St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney
342:
1944:Negative pressure ventilator
1044:Halachic Organ Donor Society
971:Gift of Life Marrow Registry
205:
7:
1049:Kidney Foundation of Canada
567:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.12.014
466:Silbergleit, Allen (2006).
400:
53:reliable medical references
10:
2075:
2049:Pulmonary thoracic surgery
1934:Surgical airway management
1790:Ventilation/perfusion scan
1590:Tracheoesophageal puncture
1106:harvesting from Falun Gong
1054:National Kidney Foundation
910:Non-heart-beating donation
357:
29:
1959:
1912:
1892:
1864:
1821:
1798:
1760:
1753:
1660:
1566:
1455:
1446:
1354:
1337:
1306:
1290:
1274:
1243:
1217:
1181:
1145:
1138:
1093:
1067:
1019:
954:
936:Graft-versus-host disease
928:
900:
872:
747:
714:
176:
162:
150:
145:
59:or relies too heavily on
2014:Pulmonary rehabilitation
1841:Bronchial challenge test
1808:Pneumonia severity index
1800:Clinical prediction rule
1001:NHS Blood and Transplant
548:Reitz, Bruce A. (2011).
1377:Immunosuppressive drugs
1113:Organ donation in India
349:National Health Service
321:the intensive care unit
82:"Heart–lung transplant"
2004:Hyperinflation therapy
1969:Artificial respiration
1939:Mechanical ventilation
1874:Bronchoalveolar lavage
1775:CT pulmonary angiogram
1397:Frankenstein's monster
1392:Total body irradiation
1118:Gurgaon kidney scandal
976:Human Tissue Authority
266:Pulmonary hypertension
2039:Organ transplantation
1984:Decompression chamber
1652:Heart–lung transplant
1382:Lung allocation score
1319:Jean-Michel Dubernard
708:Organ transplantation
451:Heart–lung transplant
436:Heart lung transplant
412:Heart transplantation
243:Qualifying conditions
191:heart–lung transplant
146:Heart–lung transplant
1856:Impulse oscillometry
1831:Body plethysmography
1189:J. Hartwell Harrison
946:Transplant rejection
617:on 22 September 2017
455:Mount Sinai Hospital
417:Lung transplantation
333:anti-rejection drugs
1979:Hyperbaric medicine
1961:Respiratory therapy
1879:Nasopharyngeal swab
1504:Acoustic rhinometry
1298:André van der Merwe
1282:Richard C. Lillehei
955:Transplant networks
739:Xenotransplantation
734:Autotransplantation
722:Allotransplantation
638:Exp Clin Transplant
285:Under 55 years old;
260:Congenital problems
1851:Diffusion capacity
1823:Lung function test
1440:respiratory system
1153:Christiaan Barnard
749:Organs and tissues
223:heart–lung machine
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2009:Pulmonary hygiene
1999:Postural drainage
1908:
1907:
1749:
1748:
1405:
1404:
1387:Machine perfusion
1367:Edmonton protocol
1362:Biomedical tissue
1350:
1349:
1261:Vladimir Demikhov
1163:Adrian Kantrowitz
915:Organ procurement
308:immunosuppressant
187:
186:
141:
140:
117:
16:(Redirected from
2066:
1917:
1916:
1913:Other procedures
1758:
1757:
1453:
1452:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1209:Michael Woodruff
1143:
1142:
874:Medical grafting
701:
694:
687:
678:
677:
654:
653:
633:
627:
626:
624:
622:
613:. Archived from
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407:Organ transplant
180:edit on Wikidata
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36:
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2044:Cardiac surgery
2029:
2028:
2027:
2018:
1955:
1904:
1888:
1860:
1817:
1794:
1762:Medical imaging
1745:
1734:Mediastinoscopy
1674:
1669:
1656:
1642:Transplantation
1637:Wedge resection
1562:
1442:
1436:
1406:
1401:
1346:
1333:
1302:
1286:
1270:
1239:
1213:
1194:John P. Merrill
1177:
1134:
1089:
1068:Joint societies
1063:
1034:Blood Cancer UK
1021:
1015:
958:
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950:
924:
896:
892:Vascular bypass
868:
743:
710:
705:
663:
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403:
360:
345:
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303:Mentally sound;
272:Cystic fibrosis
245:
210:The patient is
208:
183:
168:
137:
133:
128:
122:
119:
76:
65:
61:primary sources
45:
41:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2062:
2061:
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1900:Blood gas test
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1884:Sputum culture
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1499:Rhinomanometry
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1266:James D. Hardy
1263:
1258:
1256:Joel D. Cooper
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1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1230:James D. Hardy
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1221:
1219:
1215:
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1211:
1206:
1204:Elizabeth Ward
1201:
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1173:Norman Shumway
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1158:James D. Hardy
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123:November 2021
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87:
84: –
83:
79:
78:Find sources:
73:
69:
63:
62:
58:
54:
49:This article
47:
38:
37:
33:
19:
1724:
1708:Thoracoscopy
1684:
1651:
1617:
1611:Bronchoscopy
1601:
1575:
1541:Laryngectomy
1536:Laryngoscopy
1526:
1510:
1464:
1251:Fikri Alican
1225:Fikri Alican
801:
644:(1): 333–7.
641:
637:
631:
621:22 September
619:. Retrieved
615:the original
605:
594:. Retrieved
592:. 1983-12-06
584:
557:
553:
543:
519:(1): 31–35.
516:
512:
502:
475:
471:
461:
446:
431:
391:Victor Chang
388:
384:Magdi Yacoub
382:
371:
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212:anesthetised
209:
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188:
120:
110:
103:
96:
89:
77:
57:verification
50:
1846:Capnography
1726:mediastinum
1713:Thoracotomy
1703:Pleurodesis
1671:mediastinum
1595:Tracheotomy
1546:Laryngotomy
1484:Somnoplasty
1479:Septoplasty
1474:Rhinoplasty
1329:Bruce Reitz
981:LifeSharers
959:departments
920:Organ trade
762:Bone marrow
440:NHS Choices
378:Mary Gohlke
374:Bruce Reitz
337:antibiotics
51:needs more
2033:Categories
1929:Intubation
1836:Spirometry
1718:Chest tube
1662:Chest wall
1520:Sinusotomy
1494:Rhinectomy
1489:Alarplasty
832:islet cell
802:Heart–lung
596:2024-04-02
423:References
343:Statistics
230:fibrillate
93:newspapers
30:See also:
1994:Nebulizer
1785:Spiral CT
1677:diaphragm
1632:Lobectomy
1551:Thyrotomy
1094:Countries
807:Intestine
380:in 1981.
329:rejection
325:infection
298:Hepatitis
206:Procedure
1866:Cytology
1603:bronchus
1568:Lower RT
1457:Upper RT
1372:Eye bank
1275:Pancreas
1059:ORGANIZE
1020:Advocacy
827:Pancreas
650:15989679
576:21419898
535:19287813
494:16878649
401:See also
367:Stanford
294:Diabetes
152:ICD-9-CM
1813:CURB-65
1577:trachea
1448:Surgery
772:Corneal
526:4200566
485:1524691
358:History
170:D016041
107:scholar
72:removed
1989:Heliox
1686:pleura
1666:pleura
1528:larynx
1182:Kidney
1139:People
991:NOD-Lb
864:Vagina
859:Uterus
854:Thymus
849:Spleen
812:Kidney
648:
574:
533:
523:
492:
482:
310:drugs.
268:(20%);
109:
102:
95:
88:
80:
2054:Heart
1893:Other
1754:Tests
1512:sinus
1307:Other
1291:Penis
1218:Liver
1146:Heart
839:Penis
817:Liver
797:Heart
767:Brain
715:Types
274:(2%);
199:lungs
195:heart
178:[
114:JSTOR
100:books
2059:Lung
1675:and
1619:lung
1466:nose
1244:Lung
1039:DKMS
844:Skin
822:Lung
792:Head
787:Hand
782:Face
757:Bone
727:ABOi
646:PMID
623:2017
572:PMID
531:PMID
490:PMID
335:and
290:AIDS
197:and
164:MeSH
157:33.6
86:news
55:for
1974:CPR
777:Eye
562:doi
558:141
521:PMC
480:PMC
453:at
438:at
393:at
376:on
2035::
1664:,
640:.
570:.
556:.
552:.
529:.
517:20
515:.
511:.
488:.
476:33
474:.
470:.
327:,
300:);
296:,
292:,
189:A
74:.
1688:/
1673:,
1668:,
1431:e
1424:t
1417:v
700:e
693:t
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652:.
642:3
625:.
599:.
578:.
564::
537:.
496:.
182:]
125:)
121:(
111:·
104:·
97:·
90:·
64:.
20:)
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