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has assessed the
Caribbean elaenia as being of Least Concern. It has an large range; its estimated population of at least 500,000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered "generally common and widespread" in most of its range though
745:
The
Caribbean elaenia breeds between January and September. Its nest is "a flimsy shallow cup" made of twigs, typically placed in a tree or shrub up to about 9 m (30 ft) above the ground. Its clutch is two or three eggs that are creamy white to creamy buff with darker markings. The
1302:
1032:
Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2023. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2023. Downloaded from
911:
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 27 July 2024. Species Lists of Birds for South
American Countries and Territories.
736:
The
Caribbean elaenia feeds on insects and fruit. It usually forages singly or in pairs and mostly in the lower to middle levels of its habitat. It captures prey and plucks fruit by gleaning while perched and while briefly hovering.
448:
and a faint whitish eyering on an othewise mottled gray-brown face. Their upperparts are dull olive to brownish olive. Their wings are dusky with yellowish to whitish edges on the flight feathers and tips on the
436:
The
Caribbean elaenia is 14 to 18 cm (5.5 to 7.1 in) long and weighs 18 to 29 g (0.63 to 1.0 oz). It is largish elaenia and has a bushy crest. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the
727:
The
Caribbean elaenia is a year-round resident almost everywhere it occurs. Numbers on Puerto Rico fluctuate greatly, suggesting some dispersal to other islands. It occurs on Ambergris Caye only in winter.
710:, in deciduous woodland, scrublands, parks and gardens, open land with a scattering of trees and shrubs, and coastally in mangroves. It also occurs in the mountains of the southern
420:
as the
Caribbean elaenia (Caribbean) and the other four subspecies as the Caribbean elaenia (Chinchorro). Some authors have suggested that the groups represent separate species.
692:
453:; the latter show as two wing bars. Their tail is dusky. Their throat is sooty gray, their breast pale gray, their belly whitish to dull yellowish, and their undertail
1069:), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
695:
is a department of
Colombia but is east of Nicaragua and closer to that country than to mainland Colombia. The Clements taxonomy assigns the population there to
285:
302:, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson including the Caribbean elaenia. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the
805:
rare in the
Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina. It is also considered "apparently less common" in the Netherlands Antilles.
252:, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in the West Indies, in parts of Central America, and on islands just off the northern South American coast.
1475:
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1607:
986:
Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1297:
706:
The
Caribbean elaenia inhabits most of the lowland landscapes within its range. It is found in the canopy and on the edges of humid
703:
on "islands off Honduras". A third system places the archipelago's population in the "Caribbean" group without naming a subspecies.
1449:
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The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.
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Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés
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but places the archipelago "east of Honduras". Another taxonomic system does not name the archipelago but places
299:
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photographed and audio recorded in northwestern Florida, though not definitively, is possibly an individual of
444:
have a dull olive to brownish olive crown with a white stripe in the middle of the crest. They have whitish
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653:
1387:
1352:
1128:. Princeton Illustrated Checklists. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. Plate 65, map 65.4.
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989:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 325.
76:
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Both sexes of all subspecies have a dark brown iris, a black bill with a dusky pinkish base to the
261:
935:(in French and Latin). Vol. 2. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. pp. 362–363, Plate 36 fig 2.
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The other subspecies of the Caribbean elaenia differ from the nominate and each other thus:
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485:: dark brownish (less greenish olive) upperparts than nominate with no yellow on the belly
8:
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1094:
Raffaele, Herbert; Wiley, James; Garrido, Orlando; Keith, Allan; Rafaele, Janice (2003).
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684:(2) The Clements taxonomy states that the population on the Belizean cayes may belong to
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1223:(7th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union. 1998. p. 376.
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incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.
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1162:. Peterson Field Guides. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 248–249.
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714:. In elevation it ranges from sea level to about 700 m (2,300 ft).
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953:(1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus".
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1098:. Princeton Field Guides. Princeton University Press. p. 122.
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280:. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the
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and cited Brisson's work. This species is now placed in the genus
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491:: larger than nominate with a stronger yellow wash on the belly
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1423:
1188:
McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010).
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https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
693:
Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina
248:) is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family
517:
The subspecies of the Caribbean elaenia are found thus:
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https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm
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included a description of the Caribbean elaenia in his
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and nominate in size and overall paler than nominate
286:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
955:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
850:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22699259A138105722.en
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1160:Field Guide to Birds of Northern Central America
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268:based on a specimen collected on the island of
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1013:Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar
784:The Caribbean elaenia's song is a "drawn-out
770:Listen to the Caribbean elaenia on xeno-canto
473:: larger than nominate with darker underparts
427:Caribbean elaenia in southwestern Puerto Rico
313:that was introduced by the Swedish zoologist
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1237:. Florida Ornithological Society. July 2024
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626:: on Great Cay Island off Quintana Roo, on
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1192:. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 148.
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1071:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.carela1.01
1065:Hosner, P. (2020). Caribbean Elaenia (
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320:The Caribbean elaenia has these seven
288:. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist
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1190:Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia
1158:Fagan, Jesse; Komar, Oliver (2016).
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274:Le gobe-mouche hupé de la Martinique
1608:IUCN Red List least concern species
1126:Birds of Mexico and Central America
836:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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1235:"Official Florida State Bird List"
1221:Check-list of North American Birds
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1303:Caribbean elaenia photo gallery
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825:BirdLife International (2021).
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630:, Middle Caye, Glover’s Reef,
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528:and its offshore islands, the
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284:and are not recognised by the
278:Muscicapa Martinicana cristata
260:In 1760, the French zoologist
1:
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1633:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1623:Birds of the Cayman Islands
1073:retrieved September 26,2024
788:". Its call is a repeated "
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509:, and black legs and feet.
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1037:retrieved October 28, 2023
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843:: e.T22699259A138105722.
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1096:Birds of the West Indies
513:Distribution and habitat
262:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
256:Taxonomy and systematics
1628:Birds described in 1766
1015:. series 3 (in Latin).
916:retrieved July 28, 2024
1618:Birds of the Caribbean
1124:vanPerlo, Ber (2006).
885:, eds. (August 2024).
457:yellowish to whitish.
428:
1567:Paleobiology Database
1288:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1001:Sundevall, Carl Jakob
620:, southeastern Mexico
426:
887:"Tyrant flycatchers"
624:E. m. chinchorrensis
566:Netherlands Antilles
483:E. m. chinchorrensis
374:E. m. chinchorrensis
315:Carl Jakob Sundevall
1268:Antigua and Barbuda
891:IOC World Bird List
827:"Caribbean Elaenia
439:nominate subspecies
307:Muscicapa martinica
230:Linnaeus, 1766
227:Muscicapa martinica
42:Conservation status
881:; Donsker, David;
604:: Culebra Cay and
429:
26:Caribbean elaenia
1595:
1594:
1585:Elaenia-martinica
1554:Open Tree of Life
1353:Elaenia martinica
1323:Elaenia martinica
1315:Taxon identifiers
1199:978-0-9827615-0-2
1169:978-0-544-37326-6
1067:Elaenia martinica
883:Rasmussen, Pamela
829:Elaenia martinica
790:jui-up, wit-churr
786:pee-wee-reereeree
776:
775:
701:E. m. cinerescens
697:E. m. cinerescens
664:E. m. caymanensis
646:E. m. cinerescens
593:E. m. barbadensis
495:E. m. caymanensis
489:E. m. cinerescens
471:E. m. barbadensis
418:E. m. barbadensis
406:Clements taxonomy
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240:Caribbean elaenia
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163:E. martinica
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568:(see (1) below)
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414:E. m. martinica
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172:Binomial name
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129:Passeriformes
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63:
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57:Least Concern
47:
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1322:
1239:. Retrieved
1229:
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890:
856:26 September
854:. Retrieved
840:
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789:
785:
783:
780:Vocalization
763:
753:
744:
735:
726:
705:
700:
696:
690:
686:E. m. remota
685:
683:
679:E. m. riisii
678:
672:
663:
645:
632:Caye Caulker
623:
618:Quintana Roo
612:, Meco, and
602:E. m. remota
601:
592:
571:
522:E. m. riisii
521:
516:
504:
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477:E. m. remota
476:
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465:E. m. riisii
464:
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435:
417:
413:
410:E. m. riisii
409:
403:
395:
384:
373:
363:E. m. remota
362:
351:
339:
329:E. m. riisii
328:
319:
310:
306:
293:
292:updated his
277:
273:
266:Ornithologie
265:
259:
244:
243:
239:
237:
226:
225:
202:
180:
178:
162:
161:
149:
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1528:Neotropical
1463:iNaturalist
1347:Wikispecies
1298:Stamp photo
1292:Saint Lucia
961:: 317–335.
951:Allen, J.A.
879:Gill, Frank
654:Providéncia
616:islands of
526:Puerto Rico
432:Description
197:Subspecies
1602:Categories
1580:Xeno-canto
1284:Montserrat
1135:0691120706
809:References
650:San Andrés
538:St. Martin
497:: between
322:subspecies
270:Martinique
250:Tyrannidae
139:Tyrannidae
897:19 August
586:south to
367:Berlepsch
317:in 1836.
203:See text
157:Species:
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
1507:22699259
1481:11324867
1380:22699259
1375:BirdLife
1338:Q1273672
1332:Wikidata
1272:Barbados
1264:Anguilla
1003:(1836).
983:(1766).
967:2246/678
929:(1760).
893:. v 14.2
741:Breeding
723:Movement
718:Behavior
691:(3) The
597:Barbados
534:Anguilla
507:mandible
345:Linnaeus
298:for the
219:Synonyms
189:Linnaeus
135:Family:
109:Chordata
105:Phylum:
99:Animalia
85:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
1613:Elaenia
1533:carela1
1455:5229632
1429:carela1
1403:carela1
1362:Avibase
1276:Barbuda
1007:Elaenia
732:Feeding
675:vagrant
614:Mujeres
606:Cozumel
588:Grenada
564:in the
562:Curaçao
558:Bonaire
550:Barbuda
546:Antigua
455:coverts
451:coverts
408:groups
389:Ridgway
378:Griscom
347:, 1766)
333:Sclater
311:Elaenia
191:, 1766)
150:Elaenia
145:Genus:
125:Order:
115:Class:
60: (
1572:420386
1559:474279
1520:111983
1494:178380
1437:EURING
1290:, and
1260:Stamps
1196:
1166:
1132:
1102:
796:Status
673:(1) A
656:, and
640:Belize
634:, and
610:Holbox
560:, and
552:, and
499:riisii
416:, and
391:, 1884
380:, 1926
369:, 1907
358:, 1888
335:, 1860
1546:73824
1476:IRMNG
1468:16702
1424:eBird
1416:38XGM
1400:BOW:
1393:71921
1305:VIREO
1262:(for
1019:: 89.
578:from
554:Aruba
446:lores
1515:NCBI
1502:IUCN
1489:ITIS
1450:GBIF
1442:9070
1388:BOLD
1243:2024
1194:ISBN
1164:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1100:ISBN
899:2024
858:2024
841:2021
802:IUCN
800:The
638:off
582:and
580:Saba
404:The
356:Cory
238:The
119:Aves
1411:CoL
963:hdl
845:doi
792:".
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
