435:. The availability of rubber was essential to the war effort. Beginning in September 1940, Marvel worked with Section C-2, Synthetic Problems, of Division B of the National Defense Research Committee. In 1941 and 1942 he was chairman of Section B–3, Synthetic, Analytical, and Inorganic Problems, of the National Defense Research Committee. Between 1942 and 1945 he headed a group of up to 100 chemists at different institutions across the United States for the U.S. Rubber Reserve Corporation. His work at Illinois on the low-temperature
362:, again working on synthesis methods and structure determination. Using techniques such as determinations of elemental analysis, average molecular weight, end-group analysis, and examination of products, Marvel demonstrated a chemical methodology for establishing the principal structural features of polymers. With his ability to improvise and refine new techniques, he made "major fundamental contributions" to the field of polymer science for which he has been recognized as the "father" of synthetic polymer chemistry.
267:. His work in the Organic Chemical Manufactures unit gave him extensive experience in chemical preparation. Students were required to take careful notebook records of each preparation, including the cost of chemicals, apparatus, and the time needed. Marvel was known for his ability to modify poor procedures to make them more effective, and to describe procedures so that others could follow them. Many of these laboratory procedures were later published, first as pamphlets on
490:, with making the organic chemistry program at Illinois "preeminent in the United States". As an instructor, Marvel saw the importance of working on essential problems. He also emphasized "that the essential product of academic research was the students." Marvel supervised 176 successful doctoral students, and at least 150 postdoctoral students during his career. His students included
263:. As the war cut off previous sources of supply, it became difficult to obtain many of the chemicals used in synthetic organic chemistry and related industrial processes. Clarence Derick set up the Organic Chemical Manufactures unit at Illinois to make and sell chemicals that had previously been imported from Germany. From 1916 to 1919 Marvel worked at the production unit under
560:. Their best PBI was both nonflammable and stable at temperatures of up to 600 °C. They registered patents for high molecular weight condensation polymers in the 1960s. Because of its thermal and oxidative stability PBI was adopted by NASA in the 1960s for use in aerospace and defense applications. In 1978, PBI began to be used in United States fire service equipment.
579:(PPP), a particularly difficult process. Marvel's approach contained the key elements of solutions which would not be developed for another thirty years: chain-growth polymerization of a cyclohexadiene monomer, and its subsequent aromatization. His work is therefore considered "an important milestone in the history of PPP synthesis."
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He officially "retired" as a research professor at the
University of Arizona in 1978, but still carried on some research, with the help of postdoctoral students, until his death in 1988. The University of Arizona named the "Carl S. Marvel Laboratories of Chemistry" at 1213 E South Campus, Tucson, AZ,
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Throughout the 1960s and 1970s he continued to work as a principal contributor to the U.S. Air Force program on high temperature polymer synthesis, including the synthesis of thermally stable ladder or partial ladder polypyrrolones. For his work Marvel was awarded a
Distinguished Service Award (1966)
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In 1946 Marvel went to
Germany as one of a technical intelligence team, to report on the state of German rubber technology. They found that German scientists were using a redox polymerization process at 5 °C (41 °F), considerably lower than previous processes. Marvel and his group developed
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Carl Marvel married
Alberta Hughes on December 26, 1933. They had two children, Mary Catharine (1935 - 2017) and John Thomas Marvel (1938 -2010). Carl Marvel died on January 4, 1988, John Thomas Marvel married Joyce Strand They y had three sons, Scott Thomas, Chris Andrew and Carl Randall Marvel.
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Marvel joined the
Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois as an instructor, in 1920. He was promoted to associate in 1921, an assistant professor in 1923, an associate professor in 1927, and to Professor of Organic Chemistry in 1930. Until 1940, he also supervised the Organic Chemical
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polymers, determining their structure and examining the effects of initiators such as peroxide or ultraviolet light on polymerization reactions. Examining vinyl polymers in 1937, Marvel was able to demonstrate that polymers prepared from polyvinyl chloride tended to form a head-to-tail structure
390:, α-olefins and vinyl polymers, Marvel received the William H. Nichols Medal from the American Chemical Society in 1944. In the early forties he was one of the first scientists to use optically active monomers and optically active initiators to examine properties of stereoregular polymers.
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that polysulfones could be formed by the reaction of sulfur dioxide and ethylene, Marvel confirmed the finding, using cyclohexene rather than ethylene. He was a close friend as well as a consultant to
Wallace Carothers, who was carrying out groundbreaking work on
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compounds, preparing them and investigating their reactions. He developed organic chemical reagents to be used in the characterization, identification, and analysis of chemical compounds. Much of this research was carried out before techniques such as
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556:(PBI), a condensation polymer with aromatic and heteroaromatic repeating units. He then worked with Herward Vogel, first at the University of Illinois and later at the University of Arizona, to improve the quality of the polymer and develop
781:
Scott Thomas Marvel married Sherry Cone
Flusche . He has one daughter, Estelle Marvel, and two step sons, Zane and Carson Flusche. Carl Randall Marvel married Jennifer Price. They had two children, Christian Reed and Brooke Marie Marvel
567:), next generation polymers that would be even more stable than polybenzimidazoles. Marvel had taken the first steps towards a process for creating ladder-type polymers as early as 1938, when he attempted the cyclization of poly(
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An avid birdwatcher throughout his life, Marvel's publications include papers on bird-watching, such as "The
Unusual Feeding Habits of the Cape May Warbler" (1948) and "The Blue Grosbeck in Western Ontario" (1950).
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Manufactures unit, which became a summer program in which students synthesized difficult-to-obtain specialty chemicals. From 1953 to 1961, Marvel was a research professor in the
Department of Chemistry.
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In 1961 Marvel formally "retired" from
Illinois, but continued to be a research professor Emeritus from 1961 to 1988. In 1963, he was awarded an Honorary D. Sc. degree from the University of Illinois.
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252:. He obtained the nickname "Speed" early on in his career as a chemist from his habit of rushing to breakfast after studying all night. While at Illinois, Marvel became a friend of fellow student
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from 1911 to 1915. He graduated with an A.B. and M.S. in chemistry. On the recommendation of his advisor, Alfred W. Homberger, Marvel obtained a $ 250 scholarship to the University of Illinois.
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In my view the most promising approach is one suggested by Carl S. Marvel of the University of Arizona. He proposes that the next generation of polymers be derived from 'ladder molecules.'
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Marvel made important advances in the development of high temperature polymers, including polybenzimidazoles and ladder polymers, using techniques of polyaddition and cyclopolymerization.
552:. They needed a material that would retain its strength when subjected to extremely high temperatures. Researching high-temperature stable polymers, Marvel was the first to synthesize
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were developed: for example, Marvel's exploration of intermolecular hydrogen bonding relied on studying solubilities and heats of mixing.
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Pezdirtz, George F.; Bell, Vernon L.; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia, Langley Research Center (1965).
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in his honor. Marvel Hall, a conference room in the American Chemical Society Building in Washington, D.C., is also named for him.
402:. In the course of nearly 60 years, Marvel gave 19,000 individual consultations. When asked to test the finding of English chemist
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Carl S. Marvel, Transcript of an Interview Conducted by Leon Gortler and Charles Price in Wilmington, Delaware on 13 July 1983
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Carl S. Marvel, Transcript of an Interview Conducted by Leon Gortler and Charles Price in Wilmington, Delaware on 13 July 1983
221:. He has been described as "one of the world's outstanding organic chemists" and received numerous awards, including the 1956
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by the U.S. Air Force Materials Laboratory and an Award for Outstanding Achievement (1966) by the Air Force Systems Command.
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241:, U.S., to farmers John Thomas Marvel and Mary Lucy Wasson Marvel. An uncle urged him to study chemistry. Marvel attended
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Marvel participated heavily in the U.S. synthetic rubber program when supplies of natural rubber were disrupted during
205:. He made important contributions to U.S. synthetic rubber program during World War II, and later worked at developing
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297:. Marvel received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Illinois in 1920, working with department head
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process for American industry. With their new process, polymerization could be completed in only seven hours.
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533:. At Arizona, Marvel continued work which he had begun at Illinois, the study of high temperature polymers.
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at Dupont. Marvel also consulted with Ray C. Houtz, when Houtz was developing a synthetic fiber made from
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Dr. Marvel published nearly 500 articles in scientific journals worldwide, and four books including
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From 1961 to 1988 Marvel also held the position of Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the
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Marvel's early research was in classical organic chemistry. He was an enthusiastic contributor to
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1316:"William H. Nichols Medal of the American Chemical Society : Award to Prof. C. S. Marvel"
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1993:. Hampton, Virginia, Langley Research Center: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
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Marvel worked with a wide variety of compounds, including dialkyl mercury, hexa-substituted
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An Exploratory Study of a New Class of Stepladder and Ladder Polymers-Polyimidazopyrrolones
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1404:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Beckman center for the history of chemistry. pp. 61–63.
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Polymer pioneers : a popular history of the science and technology of large molecules
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Mark, H. (3 January 2007). "The Contribution of Carl (Speed) Marvel to Polymer Science".
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In 1919, Marvel returned to graduate study full-time, supported by a fellowship from
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1103:"Noyes Laboratory at the University of Illinois National Historic Chemical Landmark"
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with chlorine atoms on alternate carbon atoms, confirming the structural ideas of
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256:. Marvel received his M.A. in Chemistry from the University of Illinois in 1916.
201:(September 11, 1894 – January 4, 1988) was an American chemist who specialized in
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1675:. foreword by James D. Watson. Philadelphia, Pa.: Chemical Heritage Foundation.
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The Illio: A Yearbook Produced by the Junior Class at the University of Illinois
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1952:. In Skotheim, Terje A.; Elsenbaumer, Ronald L.; Reynolds, John R. (eds.).
1912:. In Skotheim, Terje A.; Elsenbaumer, Ronald L.; Reynolds, John R. (eds.).
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in the 1950s, because the U.S. Air Force needed a material suitable for
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Marvel had to take extra classes to "catch up" during his first year at
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Click on 'Carl S. Marvel Papers finding aid' to see full finding aid.
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Click on 'Carl S. Marvel Papers finding aid' to see full finding aid.
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1966 Distinguished Service Award, U.S. Air Force Materials Laboratory
571:). In the 1950s, he outlined a precursor approach to the creation of
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2210:"Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2014"
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In 1928, Marvel was recommended by Roger Adams as a consultant for
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A study of the possible asymmetry of the aliphatic diazo compounds
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1966 Award for Outstanding Achievement, Air Force Systems Command
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Science and corporate strategy : Du Pont R&D, 1902-1980
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1808:"Polymer Fabric Protects Firefighters, Military, and Civilians"
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President's Certificate of Merit for Civilians in World War II
303:
A Study of the Possible Asymmetry of Aliphatic Diazo Compounds
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Cumulative Indices, Organic Syntheses, Collective Volumes I-V
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1967 Chemical Pioneer Award, American Institute of Chemistry
563:
Marvel also proposed the development of "ladder molecules" (
338:, dienynes, alkyl lithium and Grignard reagents, quaternary
2041:"Carl S. Marvel the Grand Old Gentleman of Polymer Science"
1956:(2nd ed.). New York: Marcel Dekker. pp. 209–224.
1916:(2nd ed.). New York: Marcel Dekker. pp. 363–380.
1987:
An annotated bibliography of Pyrrone and BBB publications
652:. He served on the editorial board of journals including
447:
was important to the successful commercial production of
1832:
Frazer, A. H. (July 1969). "High-Temperature Plastics".
1672:
Arnold O. Beckman : one hundred years of excellence
1630:"Carl Shipp Marvel September 11, 1894 - January 4, 1988"
1585:
Rubber Matters: Solving the World War II Rubber Problem
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Rubber Matters: Solving the World War II Rubber Problem
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Rubber Matters: Solving the World War II Rubber Problem
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1964 International Award, Society of Plastics Engineers
217:, in fire-fighting equipment, and as a replacement for
2219:. American Academy of Arts & Sciences. p. 368
981:. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 175.
745:, American Section of the Society of Chemical Industry
650:
Introduction to the Organic Chemistry of High Polymers
474:
As a result of his wartime work, Marvel received the
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as a key to the polymerization process, and targeted
237:
Carl Shipp Marvel was born on September 11, 1894, in
1358:
Preparation and properties of stereoregular polymers
1026:
Gortler, Leon B.; Price, Charles C. (13 July 1983).
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Gortler, Leon B.; Price, Charles C. (13 July 1983).
1456:Hounshell, David A.; Smith, John Kenly Jr. (2006).
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4701:Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
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2047:. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 173–176.
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1162:White, Russell S.; Winters, Lawrence M. (1917).
1134:"Part I. The Early History of Organic Syntheses"
956:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences
867:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences
2102:"American Philosophical Society Member History"
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323:. Approximately 20% of the 264 preparations in
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1132:Shriner, Ralph L.; Shriner, Rachel H. (1975).
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2349:"Carl Marvel, A Founder of Polymer Chemistry"
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1265:
1263:
1178:
1161:
1155:
1025:
839:
536:
2341:
1741:
1555:"Marvel Uncovers Rubber Formula In Germany"
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1282:. Detroit, Mich.: Charles Scribner's Sons.
1279:Complete dictionary of scientific biography
232:
6150:
6136:
2393:
2379:
2231:
2094:
2005:"Carl S. Marvel Laboratories Of Chemistry"
1427:"Chemist brought polymer technology to UA"
1054:
1002:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
790:
393:
331:were either written or checked by Marvel.
2279:
2177:
1723:Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A
1701:The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1669:Arnold Thackray; Minor Myers Jr. (2000).
1623:
1621:
1462:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1449:
1339:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1275:
1260:
1127:
1125:
1123:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
715:American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal
486:Marvel is credited, with Roger Adams and
365:Beginning in 1933, Marvel began studying
308:
4110:
2034:
2032:
2030:
1943:
1937:
1776:Haertsch, Emilie; Meyer, Michal (2016).
1769:
1382:
1050:
1048:
1046:
662:Journal of the American Chemical Society
524:
229:, presented by President Ronald Reagan.
2680:
2402:United States National Medal of Science
2316:
2152:
2038:
1863:
1662:
974:
946:
857:
7080:
2256:
2076:"ACS Presidents, A Chronological List"
1907:
1901:
1831:
1825:
1618:
1547:
1397:
1303:
1209:
1120:
968:
893:
6131:
5230:
5229:
4699:
4109:
3623:
2679:
2415:
2374:
2124:
2027:
1983:
1689:
1203:
1043:
728:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
259:Marvel's studies were interrupted by
2202:
1800:
1720:
1608:"Carl Shipp Marvel American chemist"
1605:
1424:
1418:
1354:
1348:
1276:Gillispie, Charles Coulston (2008).
675:
16:American polymer chemist (1894–1988)
7113:National Medal of Science laureates
1910:"Conjugated Ladder-type structures"
1883:from the original on June 17, 2015.
1627:
1058:The Carl S. Marvel Papers 1960-1984
794:The Carl S. Marvel Papers 1960-1984
13:
2264:"1965 Perkin Medal Goes to Marvel"
1599:
14:
7129:
1854:10.1038/scientificamerican0769-96
1218:. Vol. 1. pp. 133–141.
784:
7108:Polymer scientists and engineers
2324:"Chemical Pioneer Award Winners"
2239:"ACS Award in Polymer Chemistry"
2274:(7): 82–87. February 15, 1965.
1977:
1954:Handbook of conducting polymers
1914:Handbook of conducting polymers
1697:"Edwin G. Krebs - Biographical"
1037:Center for History of Chemistry
851:Center for History of Chemistry
590:
546:Wright Patterson Air Force Base
7103:20th-century American chemists
2328:American Institute of Chemists
2164:American Institute of Chemists
2106:American Philosophical Society
1189:"Alpha Chi Sigma Hall of Fame"
734:ACS Award in Polymer Chemistry
702:American Philosophical Society
467:this idea further, creating a
1:
7118:U.S. Synthetic Rubber Program
3624:
2417:Behavioral and social science
2355:. January 7, 1988. p. 10
1355:Lenz, Robert W., ed. (1980).
886:
510:, and future Nobel Laureates
1944:Schlüter, A.-Dieter (1998).
1589:Chemical Heritage Foundation
1529:Chemical Heritage Foundation
1492:Chemical Heritage Foundation
1398:Morris, Peter J. T. (1990).
1191:. Alpha Chi Sigma Fraternity
975:Seymour, Raymond B. (1989).
683:National Academy of Sciences
668:. He also held 52 patents.
658:Journal of Organic Chemistry
640:Resources in other libraries
616:Resources in other libraries
427:United States Rubber Reserve
243:Illinois Wesleyan University
72:Illinois Wesleyan University
7:
2082:. American Chemical Society
2045:Pioneers in polymer science
1756:National Science Foundation
1581:"Glossary and Bibliography"
1224:10.1007/978-1-4684-2853-7_9
1055:Mangravite, Andrew (2002).
978:Pioneers in polymer science
950:Carl Shipp Marvel 1894-1988
947:Leonard, Nelson J. (1994).
861:Carl Shipp Marvel 1894-1988
858:Leonard, Nelson J. (1994).
791:Mangravite, Andrew (2002).
723:, American Chemical Society
710:, American Chemical Society
691:, American Chemical Society
481:
459:, present in soaps used as
457:polyunsaturated fatty acids
10:
7134:
5305:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
2160:"Gold Medal Award Winners"
1425:Beal, Tom (July 6, 2012).
1326:(3889): 583. 13 May 1944.
1210:Ulrich, Robert D. (1978).
666:Journal of Polymer Science
7098:American organic chemists
6911:
6750:
6589:
6434:
6303:
6228:Charles Anthony Goessmann
6166:
6160:American Chemical Society
6067:
5916:
5765:
5586:
5392:
5240:
5236:
5225:
5159:
5061:
4950:
4861:
4782:
4710:
4706:
4695:
4652:
4561:
4453:
4344:
4280:William Hayward Pickering
4225:
4120:
4116:
4105:
4031:
3923:
3777:
3653:
3634:
3630:
3619:
3530:
3339:
3153:
2971:
2827:
2690:
2686:
2675:
2632:
2573:
2485:
2445:
2426:
2422:
2411:
2301:Science History Institute
2281:10.1021/cen-v043n007.p082
2132:"The Willard Gibbs Medal"
2009:The University of Arizona
1984:Burks, Harold D. (1972).
1735:10.1080/00222338408082079
832:Science History Institute
825:Center for Oral History.
775:
761:, presented by President
759:National Medal of Science
696:American Chemical Society
635:Resources in your library
611:Resources in your library
537:High temperature polymers
269:Organic Chemical Reagents
227:National Medal of Science
199:Carl Shipp "Speed" Marvel
192:
178:
166:
148:
134:
124:
117:
111:National Medal of Science
91:
81:
67:
49:
28:
21:
7068:, President Elect (2025)
5729:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
5175:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
2806:Burrhus Frederic Skinner
1908:Scherf, Ullrich (1998).
1521:"Germany Trip: Post-war"
689:William H. Nichols Medal
544:Marvel was contacted by
282:. He was initiated into
233:Early life and education
209:, temperature-resistant
5040:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
2958:George Ledyard Stebbins
2879:James Augustine Shannon
2039:Seymour, R. B. (1989).
1612:Encyclopædia Britannica
882:with Carl Shipp Marvel.
767:1988 Inducted into the
558:Polybenzimidazole fiber
451:. His group identified
400:DuPont Central Research
394:DuPont Central Research
278:Marvel was a member of
6946:William F. Carroll Jr.
6806:Warren D. Niederhauser
6639:Clifford F. Rassweiler
6186:Samuel William Johnson
5497:Joseph O. Hirschfelder
5484:Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
4440:Harry George Drickamer
4386:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
4060:M. Frederick Hawthorne
3934:John D. Baldeschwieler
3174:Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
2856:Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
2243:ACS Chemistry for Life
2189:ACS Chemistry for Life
2139:ACS Chemistry for Life
2080:ACS Chemistry for Life
1431:UA Science Biosphere 2
1216:Macromolecular Science
1107:ACS Chemistry for Life
732:1964 First recipient,
694:1945 President of the
309:University of Illinois
288:University of Illinois
250:University of Illinois
139:University of Illinois
76:University of Illinois
7030:Bonnie A. Charpentier
6988:Bassam Z. Shakhashiri
6788:Albert C. Zettlemoyer
6693:Charles G. Overberger
6442:George D. Rosengarten
6341:William F. Hillebrand
6088:Sylvester James Gates
5474:William Alfred Fowler
5456:Robert Rathbun Wilson
5269:Robert Burns Woodward
4081:Geraldine L. Richmond
3829:Howard E. Simmons Jr.
3112:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
3041:Vernon B. Mountcastle
2897:Sterling B. Hendricks
2714:Marshall W. Nirenberg
2709:Theodosius Dobzhansky
2557:William Julius Wilson
1361:. Dordrecht: Reidel.
531:University of Arizona
525:University of Arizona
349:Infrared spectroscopy
286:at the Zeta Chapter,
239:Waynesville, Illinois
213:that are used in the
143:University of Arizona
43:Waynesville, Illinois
6952:Elizabeth Ann Nalley
6377:Theodore W. Richards
6059:Warren M. Washington
6023:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
5932:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
5877:Martin Schwarzschild
5658:Solomon J. Buchsbaum
5650:J. Robert Schrieffer
5620:E. Margaret Burbidge
5464:Nicolaas Bloembergen
5441:Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
5320:Vladimir K. Zworykin
5072:John Griggs Thompson
4995:Martin David Kruskal
4835:Kurt Otto Friedrichs
4308:Erwin Wilhelm Müller
4262:Ralph Brazelton Peck
4217:Jack St. Clair Kilby
4144:John Robinson Pierce
4111:Engineering sciences
4042:Jacqueline K. Barton
3897:George M. Whitesides
3816:Dudley R. Herschbach
3754:Richard B. Bernstein
3723:Walter H. Stockmayer
3271:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
3202:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
3092:Stanley Norman Cohen
3079:Rita Levi-Montalcini
2915:Keith Roberts Porter
2778:Alfred H. Sturtevant
2773:Michael Heidelberger
2745:Fritz Albert Lipmann
1729:(13–14): 1567–1606.
1606:Kauffman, George B.
1035:. Philadelphia, PA:
849:. Philadelphia, PA:
726:1960 Elected to the
700:1945 Elected to the
681:1938 Elected to the
624:By Carl Shipp Marvel
299:William Albert Noyes
7066:Dorothy J. Phillips
7018:Allison A. Campbell
6735:Bernard S. Friedman
6562:W. Albert Noyes Jr.
6526:William Lloyd Evans
6371:Arthur Dehon Little
6240:Charles F. Chandler
6204:Charles F. Chandler
6109:Shirley Ann Jackson
6028:Charles P. Slichter
5872:Marshall Rosenbluth
5864:Wallace S. Broecker
5817:Eugene M. Shoemaker
5578:Victor F. Weisskopf
5525:Herbert S. Gutowsky
5507:Edgar Bright Wilson
5348:George Kistiakowsky
4966:Stephen Cole Kleene
4477:George H. Heilmeier
4464:Mildred Dresselhaus
4355:Edward H. Heinemann
4285:Frederick E. Terman
4249:Richard T. Whitcomb
4170:Clarence L. Johnson
4131:Theodore von Kármán
4018:Stephen J. Benkovic
3997:Mostafa A. El-Sayed
3984:Marvin H. Caruthers
3939:Ralph F. Hirschmann
3879:Darleane C. Hoffman
3769:Harden M. McConnell
3710:Frank H. Westheimer
3522:Stanley B. Prusiner
3486:Robert J. Lefkowitz
3245:Howard Martin Temin
3102:Maurice R. Hilleman
3097:Joseph L. Goldstein
3036:Donald A. Henderson
2953:Earl Reece Stadtman
2938:Elizabeth C. Crosby
2902:Orville Alvin Vogel
2732:Donald D. Van Slyke
2681:Biological sciences
1946:"Synthesis of Poly(
1846:1969SciAm.221a..96F
1834:Scientific American
1628:Leonard, Nelson J.
1332:1944Natur.153R.583.
1164:"Tau Kappa Epsilon"
708:Willard Gibbs Medal
569:methyl vinyl ketone
512:Vincent du Vigneaud
358:He soon moved into
325:Collective Volume I
96:Willard Gibbs Award
7006:Diane Grob Schmidt
6848:S. Allen Heininger
6818:George C. Pimentel
6675:Maurice H. Arveson
6645:John C. Bailar Jr.
6621:Joel H. Hildebrand
6609:Farrington Daniels
6580:Ernest H. Volwiler
6544:Thomas Midgley Jr.
6502:Edward R. Weidlein
6472:Lawrence V. Redman
6425:James Flack Norris
6413:Edward C. Franklin
6395:William H. Nichols
6359:Wilder D. Bancroft
6335:Francis P. Venable
6258:George C. Caldwell
6222:Albert B. Prescott
6198:Frederick A. Genth
6158:Presidents of the
5981:G. Brent Dalrymple
5799:Arthur L. Schawlow
5706:James A. Van Allen
5597:Philip W. Anderson
5553:Richard P. Feynman
5479:Linus Carl Pauling
5114:Dennis P. Sullivan
4671:John B. Goodenough
4604:Edwin N. Lightfoot
4572:Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
4553:Kenneth N. Stevens
4321:Raymond D. Mindlin
4244:Harold E. Edgerton
4089:A. Paul Alivisatos
3968:Stephen J. Lippard
3947:Ernest R. Davidson
3884:Harold S. Johnston
3718:William S. Johnson
3682:George C. Pimentel
3517:Susan L. Lindquist
3499:Francis S. Collins
3393:Victor A. McKusick
3368:Francisco J. Ayala
3350:Nancy C. Andreasen
3300:Robert A. Weinberg
3074:Har Gobind Khorana
3059:Michael E. DeBakey
3046:George Emil Palade
3018:Wendell L. Roelofs
3008:Howard L. Bachrach
2838:Barbara McClintock
2740:Edward F. Knipling
2296:"SCI Perkin Medal"
504:Samuel M. McElvain
376:Hermann Staudinger
215:aerospace industry
207:polybenzimidazoles
39:September 11, 1894
7075:
7074:
6958:Catherine T. Hunt
6922:Attila E. Pavlath
6836:Clayton F. Callis
6741:William J. Bailey
6687:William J. Sparks
6633:Roger J. Williams
6568:Charles A. Thomas
6508:Frank C. Whitmore
6460:William McPherson
6353:Willis R. Whitney
6347:Marston T. Bogert
6329:Arthur Amos Noyes
6294:William McMurtrie
6282:Charles E. Munroe
6276:Charles B. Dudley
6180:J. Lawrence Smith
6125:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6054:Esther M. Conwell
5994:Robert N. Clayton
5986:Riccardo Giacconi
5950:Raymond Davis Jr.
5838:Albert Overhauser
5781:Edwin M. McMillan
5742:Arnold O. Beckman
5719:Paul Ching-Wu Chu
5696:Paul C. Lauterbur
5673:Robert Hofstadter
5625:Maurice Goldhaber
5612:Charles H. Townes
5563:Edward M. Purcell
5530:Frederick Rossini
5384:Wolfgang Panofsky
5315:John H. Van Vleck
5231:Physical sciences
5221:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5183:Solomon W. Golomb
5143:Andrew J. Viterbi
5138:Leonard Kleinrock
5085:Calyampudi R. Rao
5053:Ronald R. Coifman
4961:George F. Carrier
4942:Donald C. Spencer
4937:Saunders Mac Lane
4872:Marshall H. Stone
4822:Shiing-Shen Chern
4729:Solomon Lefschetz
4691:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4628:David J. Wineland
4596:John M. Prausnitz
4537:C. Kumar N. Patel
4532:James L. Flanagan
4500:John Roy Whinnery
4487:H. Guyford Stever
4469:Nick Holonyak Jr.
4432:George W. Housner
4427:Willis M. Hawkins
4422:Daniel C. Drucker
4404:Robert Byron Bird
4396:Bernard M. Oliver
4303:Peter C. Goldmark
4290:Wernher von Braun
4236:George E. Mueller
4209:Nathan M. Newmark
4204:J. Presper Eckert
4183:Claude E. Shannon
4152:Charles S. Draper
4101:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4068:Judith P. Klinman
3952:Gábor A. Somorjai
3863:Isabella L. Karle
3850:George S. Hammond
3811:Gertrude B. Elion
3764:Rudolph A. Marcus
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3541:Ralph L. Brinster
3460:Torsten N. Wiesel
3437:Norman E. Borlaug
3424:Solomon H. Snyder
3419:J. Michael Bishop
3378:Mario R. Capecchi
3258:Salome G. Waelsch
3189:E. Donnall Thomas
3064:Theodor O. Diener
2963:Paul Alfred Weiss
2791:Bernard B. Brodie
2727:George G. Simpson
2671:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2616:Michael I. Posner
2517:Eleanor J. Gibson
2469:George J. Stigler
2437:Neal Elgar Miller
2185:"Priestley Medal"
2054:978-94-010-7584-8
1682:978-0-941901-23-9
1637:Organic Syntheses
1595:on July 12, 2016.
1368:978-90-277-1055-0
1233:978-1-4684-2855-1
676:Honors and awards
602:Carl Shipp Marvel
597:Library resources
554:Polybenzimidazole
550:drogue parachutes
500:William J. Sparks
498:, George Graves,
496:Wallace Carothers
417:polyacrylonitrile
360:polymer chemistry
353:Mass spectrometry
329:Organic Syntheses
320:Organic Syntheses
301:. His thesis was
280:Tau Kappa Epsilon
273:Organic Syntheses
254:Wallace Carothers
203:polymer chemistry
196:
195:
179:Doctoral students
129:Organic chemistry
119:Scientific career
86:Polymer Chemistry
23:Carl Shipp Marvel
7125:
7048:Angela K. Wilson
7024:Peter K. Dorhout
7000:Thomas J. Barton
6982:Nancy B. Jackson
6976:Joseph Francisco
6964:Bruce E. Bursten
6940:Charles P. Casey
6890:Paul H.L. Walter
6884:Paul S. Anderson
6872:Brian M. Rushton
6830:Gordon L. Nelson
6782:James D. D'Ianni
6776:Gardner W. Stacy
6770:Anna J. Harrison
6758:Glenn T. Seaborg
6705:Wallace R. Brode
6699:Robert W. Cairns
6681:Charles C. Price
6603:Edgar C. Britton
6597:N. Howell Funnan
6514:Charles A. Kraus
6484:Charles L. Reese
6419:Leo H. Baekeland
6407:Edgar Fahs Smith
6401:William A. Noyes
6389:Julius Stieglitz
6383:Charles H. Herty
6288:Edward W. Morley
6270:Edgar Fahs Smith
6252:George F. Barker
6152:
6145:
6138:
6129:
6128:
5937:Gilbert F. White
5882:George Wetherill
5776:Allan M. Cormack
5734:Jack Steinberger
5714:D. Allan Bromley
5663:H. Richard Crane
5640:Frederick Reines
5630:Helmut Landsberg
5545:George Uhlenbeck
5446:Vladimir Haensel
5408:Allan R. Sandage
5379:Herbert C. Brown
5361:Herbert Friedman
5287:Leon M. Lederman
5259:Julian Schwinger
5238:
5237:
5227:
5226:
5196:Alexandre Chorin
5170:Richard A. Tapia
5151:David B. Mumford
4979:Alberto Calderón
4924:Joseph B. Keller
4911:Michael Freedman
4880:Herman Goldstine
4734:H. Marston Morse
4708:
4707:
4697:
4696:
4636:Rudolf E. Kálmán
4620:Robert S. Langer
4612:Jan D. Achenbach
4445:Herbert E. Grier
4196:Igor I. Sikorsky
4157:Othmar H. Ammann
4118:
4117:
4107:
4106:
4073:Jerrold Meinwald
3842:Norman Hackerman
3821:Glenn T. Seaborg
3736:William O. Baker
3664:F. Albert Cotton
3632:
3631:
3621:
3620:
3598:Mary-Claire King
3491:Bert W. O'Malley
3447:Thomas E. Starzl
3442:Phillip A. Sharp
3429:Charles Yanofsky
3411:Evelyn M. Witkin
3406:James E. Darnell
3232:Paul C. Zamecnik
3197:Mary Ellen Avery
3169:Herbert W. Boyer
3164:Baruj Benacerraf
3135:Joshua Lederberg
3125:Viktor Hamburger
3087:Michael S. Brown
2933:Robert H. Burris
2688:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2624:Mortimer Mishkin
2549:William K. Estes
2533:Roger N. Shepard
2525:Robert K. Merton
2509:George A. Miller
2456:Herbert A. Simon
2424:
2423:
2413:
2412:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2214:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2136:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2108:. Archived from
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2036:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2011:. Archived from
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1884:
1878:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1753:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1650:on 16 March 2015
1649:
1643:. Archived from
1634:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1591:. Archived from
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1535:on July 12, 2016
1531:. Archived from
1517:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1498:on July 12, 2016
1494:. Archived from
1480:
1474:
1473:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1437:on 24 April 2015
1433:. Archived from
1422:
1416:
1415:
1395:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:10.1038/153583b0
1312:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1273:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1237:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1138:Danheiser, R. L.
1129:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1099:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1065:
1052:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1023:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
972:
966:
965:
963:
961:
955:
944:
876:
874:
872:
866:
854:
848:
836:
827:"Carl S. Marvel"
821:
815:
811:
809:
801:
488:Reynold C. Fuson
449:synthetic rubber
437:copolymerization
389:
388:
387:
173:William A. Noyes
168:Doctoral advisor
162:
56:
38:
36:
19:
18:
7133:
7132:
7128:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7123:
7122:
7078:
7077:
7076:
7071:
7060:Mary K. Carroll
7012:Donna J. Nelson
6934:Elsa Reichmanis
6907:
6902:Daryle H. Busch
6854:Ernest L. Eliel
6842:Paul G. Gassman
6812:Ellis K. Fields
6794:Robert W. Parry
6746:
6651:Albert L. Elder
6615:Harry L. Fisher
6585:
6532:Harry N. Holmes
6454:Irving Langmuir
6430:
6365:Alexander Smith
6311:Frank W. Clarke
6299:
6264:Harvey W. Wiley
6162:
6156:
6126:
6113:
6101:Sean C. Solomon
6063:
6015:Daniel Kleppner
6007:Lonnie Thompson
6002:Ralph A. Alpher
5968:W. Jason Morgan
5955:Charles Keeling
5945:Marvin L. Cohen
5912:
5895:John N. Bahcall
5890:Don L. Anderson
5856:Peter Goldreich
5809:Steven Weinberg
5761:
5691:Walter Elsasser
5668:Herman Feshbach
5582:
5520:Samuel Goudsmit
5512:Chien-Shiung Wu
5451:Frederick Seitz
5418:John A. Wheeler
5403:Robert H. Dicke
5388:
5251:Luis W. Alvarez
5232:
5213:
5201:David Blackwell
5155:
5106:Carl R. de Boor
5077:Karen Uhlenbeck
5057:
5011:Louis Nirenberg
4946:
4919:Ralph E. Gomory
4857:
4853:Donald E. Knuth
4840:Hassler Whitney
4778:
4702:
4683:
4648:
4580:Andreas Acrivos
4557:
4545:Eli Ruckenstein
4524:Hermann A. Haus
4495:Calvin F. Quate
4482:Luna B. Leopold
4449:
4340:
4326:Robert N. Noyce
4316:Emmett N. Leith
4275:Manson Benedict
4257:Rudolf Kompfner
4221:
4175:Warren K. Lewis
4112:
4093:
4027:
3989:Peter B. Dervan
3960:John I. Brauman
3919:
3871:Norman Davidson
3798:John D. Roberts
3773:
3741:Konrad E. Bloch
3687:Richard N. Zare
3649:
3626:
3607:
3564:Sallie Chisholm
3546:Rudolf Jaenisch
3526:
3509:J. Craig Venter
3468:Rita R. Colwell
3335:
3321:David Baltimore
3212:Robert W. Kates
3184:David G. Nathan
3179:Edward B. Lewis
3149:
3145:Harland G. Wood
3140:Roger W. Sperry
2995:Glenn W. Burton
2967:
2943:Arthur Kornberg
2910:Roger Guillemin
2887:Hallowell Davis
2851:Daniel I. Arnon
2843:Albert B. Sabin
2823:
2796:Detlev W. Bronk
2768:Harry F. Harlow
2763:Kenneth S. Cole
2750:William C. Rose
2722:Francis P. Rous
2682:
2663:
2628:
2608:Gordon H. Bower
2569:
2565:Robert M. Solow
2481:
2477:Milton Friedman
2441:
2418:
2407:
2399:
2369:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2353:Chicago Tribune
2347:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2268:Chem. Eng. News
2262:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2217:Book of Members
2212:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2112:on 14 June 2015
2100:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2037:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2015:on 14 June 2015
2003:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1906:
1902:
1886:
1885:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1632:
1626:
1619:
1604:
1600:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1561:. 15 March 1946
1553:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1484:"Collaboration"
1482:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1396:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1353:
1349:
1314:
1313:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1274:
1261:
1249:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1130:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1089:
1077:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1053:
1044:
1032:
1024:
1003:
993:
991:
989:
973:
969:
959:
957:
953:
945:
894:
889:
880:Audio interview
870:
868:
864:
846:
813:
812:
803:
802:
787:
778:
769:Alpha Chi Sigma
721:Priestley Medal
678:
646:
645:
644:
621:
620:
605:
604:
600:
593:
565:ladder polymers
539:
527:
484:
429:
396:
386:
383:
382:
381:
379:
311:
284:Alpha Chi Sigma
235:
223:Priestley Medal
185:
160:
109:
104:
101:Priestley Medal
99:
68:Alma mater
63:
61:Tucson, Arizona
58:
54:
53:January 4, 1988
45:
40:
34:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7131:
7121:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7063:
7057:
7054:Judith Giordan
7051:
7045:
7039:
7036:Luis Echegoyen
7033:
7027:
7021:
7015:
7009:
7003:
6997:
6991:
6985:
6979:
6973:
6970:Thomas H. Lane
6967:
6961:
6955:
6949:
6943:
6937:
6931:
6925:
6918:
6916:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6905:
6899:
6896:Edel Wasserman
6893:
6887:
6881:
6878:Ronald Breslow
6875:
6869:
6866:Ned D. Heindel
6863:
6857:
6851:
6845:
6839:
6833:
6827:
6821:
6815:
6809:
6803:
6797:
6791:
6785:
6779:
6773:
6767:
6761:
6754:
6752:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6738:
6732:
6726:
6720:
6714:
6708:
6702:
6696:
6690:
6684:
6678:
6672:
6666:
6660:
6657:Arthur C. Cope
6654:
6648:
6642:
6636:
6630:
6627:John C. Warner
6624:
6618:
6612:
6606:
6600:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6583:
6577:
6571:
6565:
6559:
6553:
6550:Carl S. Marvel
6547:
6541:
6538:Per K. Frolich
6535:
6529:
6523:
6520:Samuel C. Lind
6517:
6511:
6505:
6499:
6493:
6487:
6481:
6478:Arthur B. Lamb
6475:
6469:
6463:
6457:
6451:
6448:Samuel W. Parr
6445:
6438:
6436:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6422:
6416:
6410:
6404:
6398:
6392:
6386:
6380:
6374:
6368:
6362:
6356:
6350:
6344:
6338:
6332:
6326:
6320:
6314:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6297:
6291:
6285:
6279:
6273:
6267:
6261:
6255:
6249:
6246:Henry B. Nason
6243:
6237:
6234:T. Sterry Hunt
6231:
6225:
6219:
6216:James C. Booth
6213:
6210:John W. Mallet
6207:
6201:
6195:
6192:T. Sterry Hunt
6189:
6183:
6177:
6174:John W. Draper
6170:
6168:
6164:
6163:
6155:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6132:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6106:
6103:
6098:
6096:Burton Richter
6093:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6071:
6069:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6049:Yakir Aharonov
6046:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6017:
6012:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5996:
5991:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5963:Richard Garwin
5960:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5927:Willis E. Lamb
5924:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5866:
5861:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5819:
5814:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5686:Philip Abelson
5683:
5680:
5678:Chen-Ning Yang
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5652:
5647:
5645:Bruno B. Rossi
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5602:Yoichiro Nambu
5599:
5594:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5413:John C. Slater
5410:
5405:
5400:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5300:Jacob Bjerknes
5297:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5253:
5248:
5244:
5242:
5234:
5233:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5132:
5127:
5124:
5119:
5116:
5111:
5108:
5103:
5100:
5098:James G. Glimm
5095:
5092:
5090:Elias M. Stein
5087:
5082:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5042:
5037:
5034:
5032:Shing-Tung Yau
5029:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5013:
5008:
5005:
5000:
4997:
4992:
4989:
4984:
4981:
4976:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4900:
4898:Antoni Zygmund
4895:
4890:
4887:
4885:Isadore Singer
4882:
4877:
4874:
4869:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4848:Joseph L. Doob
4845:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4829:
4827:George Dantzig
4824:
4819:
4817:John W. Backus
4814:
4811:
4806:
4803:
4798:
4795:
4793:Richard Brauer
4790:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4774:William Feller
4771:
4768:
4763:
4760:
4755:
4752:
4747:
4744:
4739:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4723:
4721:Norbert Wiener
4718:
4714:
4712:
4704:
4703:
4693:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4679:Thomas Kailath
4676:
4673:
4668:
4665:
4660:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4638:
4633:
4630:
4625:
4622:
4617:
4614:
4609:
4606:
4601:
4598:
4593:
4590:
4585:
4582:
4577:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4547:
4542:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4526:
4521:
4518:
4513:
4510:
4505:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4416:
4411:
4409:H. Bolton Seed
4406:
4401:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4362:
4360:Donald L. Katz
4357:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4331:Earl R. Parker
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4185:
4180:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4165:Hugh L. Dryden
4162:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4122:
4114:
4113:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4083:
4078:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4049:
4047:Peter J. Stang
4044:
4039:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4023:Marye Anne Fox
4020:
4015:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3978:
3976:Tobin J. Marks
3973:
3970:
3965:
3962:
3957:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3905:Stuart A. Rice
3902:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3873:
3868:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3852:
3847:
3844:
3839:
3837:Donald J. Cram
3834:
3831:
3826:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3806:Ronald Breslow
3803:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3748:
3746:Elias J. Corey
3743:
3738:
3733:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3707:
3705:Carl S. Marvel
3702:
3697:
3692:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3677:Roald Hoffmann
3674:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3628:
3627:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3593:Stanley Falkow
3590:
3587:
3585:Rakesh K. Jain
3582:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3388:Gene E. Likens
3385:
3380:
3375:
3373:George F. Bass
3370:
3365:
3362:
3357:
3355:Peter H. Raven
3352:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3279:Alexander Rich
3276:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3260:
3255:
3253:Daniel Nathans
3250:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3234:
3229:
3227:Folke K. Skoog
3224:
3219:
3217:Salvador Luria
3214:
3209:
3207:Elvin A. Kabat
3204:
3199:
3194:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3120:Katherine Esau
3117:
3114:
3109:
3107:Eric R. Kandel
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3053:
3051:Joan A. Steitz
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3025:
3023:Berta Scharrer
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2990:Seymour Benzer
2987:
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2982:Philip Handler
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2869:Erwin Chargaff
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2864:Britton Chance
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2814:Robert Huebner
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2701:C. B. van Niel
2698:
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2684:
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2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2665:
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2659:Albert Bandura
2656:
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2651:Robert Axelrod
2648:
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2592:R. Duncan Luce
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2541:Paul Samuelson
2538:
2535:
2530:
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2522:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2503:
2501:Patrick Suppes
2498:
2496:Leonid Hurwicz
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2255:
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2123:
2093:
2067:
2053:
2026:
1996:
1976:
1962:
1936:
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1768:
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1448:
1417:
1411:978-0941901031
1410:
1381:
1367:
1347:
1302:
1288:
1259:
1250:|journal=
1232:
1212:"C. S. Marvel"
1202:
1177:
1154:
1119:
1087:
1078:|website=
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1001:
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814:|website=
786:
785:External links
783:
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654:Macromolecules
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516:Edwin G. Krebs
508:Arnold Beckman
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404:F. E. Matthews
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371:sulfur dioxide
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82:Known for
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57:(aged 93)
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6994:Marinda Li Wu
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6928:Eli M. Pearce
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6496:Edward Bartow
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6466:Moses Gomberg
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6041:James E. Gunn
6039:
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5973:Edward Witten
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5807:
5805:
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5792:
5791:Roger Revelle
5789:
5787:
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5771:
5770:
5768:
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5758:
5757:Henry Stommel
5755:
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5747:Eugene Parker
5745:
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5608:
5607:Edward Teller
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
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5574:
5573:Lyman Spitzer
5571:
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5508:
5505:
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5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5492:Hans A. Bethe
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
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5462:
5459:
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5442:
5439:
5437:
5436:Maurice Ewing
5434:
5432:
5431:Carl Djerassi
5429:
5426:
5424:
5423:Saul Winstein
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5371:Eugene Wigner
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5356:Paul Bartlett
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5343:Louis Hammett
5341:
5339:
5338:Gregory Breit
5336:
5334:
5333:Francis Birch
5331:
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5321:
5318:
5316:
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5298:
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5293:
5292:William Rubey
5290:
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5280:
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5209:Michael Artin
5207:
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5133:
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5128:
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5122:Bradley Efron
5120:
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5112:
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5048:Felix Browder
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5024:Stephen Smale
5022:
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4971:John McCarthy
4969:
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4932:Samuel Karlin
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4742:Oscar Zariski
4740:
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4516:Ray W. Clough
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4508:Alfred Y. Cho
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4378:John G. Trump
4376:
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4191:Edwin H. Land
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4139:Vannevar Bush
4137:
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4055:Allen J. Bard
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4010:JoAnne Stubbe
4008:
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4005:Joanna Fowler
4003:
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3915:Susan Solomon
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3759:Melvin Calvin
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3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3700:Yuan Tseh Lee
3698:
3696:
3695:Harry B. Gray
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3669:Gilbert Stork
3667:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3618:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:Bruce Alberts
3575:
3573:
3572:May Berenbaum
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3536:
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3533:
3529:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3478:Lubert Stryer
3476:
3474:
3473:Nina Fedoroff
3471:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3455:Anthony Fauci
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:Harold Varmus
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3331:Lynn Margulis
3329:
3327:
3326:Jared Diamond
3324:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3266:Thomas Eisner
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3240:Maxine Singer
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3222:Paul A. Marks
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:Stanley Cohen
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2985:
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2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2959:
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2954:
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2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2920:Efraim Racker
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:James V. Neel
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2786:Horace Barker
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:Sewall Wright
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2674:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Anne Treisman
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:Kenneth Arrow
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2464:Anne Anastasi
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2218:
2211:
2205:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2140:
2133:
2127:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1989:
1988:
1980:
1965:
1963:9780824700508
1959:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1940:
1925:
1923:9780824700508
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1890:
1882:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1840:(1): 96–105.
1839:
1835:
1828:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1787:
1783:
1782:Distillations
1779:
1778:"Tough Stuff"
1772:
1757:
1750:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1471:
1469:9780521028523
1465:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1370:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1351:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1291:
1289:9780684315591
1285:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1243:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1083:
1071:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1038:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
990:
988:9780792303008
984:
980:
979:
971:
952:
951:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
892:
881:
878:
863:
862:
856:
852:
845:
844:
838:
834:
833:
828:
823:
819:
807:
800:
796:
795:
789:
788:
782:
771:Hall of Fame.
770:
766:
764:
763:Ronald Reagan
760:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
740:
737:
735:
731:
729:
725:
722:
718:
716:
712:
709:
705:
703:
699:
697:
693:
690:
686:
684:
680:
679:
673:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
625:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
603:
598:
588:
584:
580:
578:
576:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
534:
532:
522:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
479:
477:
472:
470:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
401:
391:
377:
372:
368:
363:
361:
356:
354:
350:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
321:
315:
306:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
230:
228:
225:and the 1986
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174:
171:
169:
165:
158:
157:
153:
151:
147:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
120:
116:
112:
107:
102:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
52:
48:
44:
31:
27:
20:
6913:
6824:Mary L. Good
6711:Byron Riegel
6669:Henry Eyring
6663:Karl Folkers
6549:
6323:John H. Long
6083:Sandra Faber
6078:Sidney Drell
5908:Leo Kadanoff
5903:James Cronin
5851:Hans Dehmelt
5786:Robert Pound
5752:Robert Sharp
5568:John Sinfelt
5535:Verner Suomi
5502:Lewis Sarett
5366:Lars Onsager
5310:Henry Eyring
5277:John Bardeen
5019:Richard Karp
4987:Allen Newell
4766:Jerzy Neyman
4391:Tung-Yen Lin
4368:Bill Hewlett
4298:Morris Cohen
3892:John W. Cahn
3793:Karl Folkers
3554:Lucy Shapiro
3504:Elaine Fuchs
3383:Ann Graybiel
3313:Janet Rowley
3295:James Watson
3287:Ruth Patrick
3130:Philip Leder
3000:Mildred Cohn
2948:Severo Ochoa
2925:E. O. Wilson
2357:. Retrieved
2352:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2327:
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2304:. 2016-05-31
2299:
2290:
2271:
2267:
2258:
2246:. Retrieved
2242:
2233:
2221:. Retrieved
2216:
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2188:
2179:
2167:. Retrieved
2163:
2154:
2142:. Retrieved
2138:
2126:
2114:. Retrieved
2110:the original
2105:
2096:
2084:. Retrieved
2079:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2044:
2017:. Retrieved
2013:the original
2008:
1999:
1986:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1953:
1950:phenylene)s"
1947:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1913:
1903:
1872:
1865:
1857:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1812:NASA Spinoff
1811:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1785:
1781:
1771:
1759:. Retrieved
1755:
1743:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1700:
1691:
1671:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1645:the original
1640:
1636:
1611:
1601:
1593:the original
1584:
1575:
1563:. Retrieved
1559:Daily Illini
1558:
1549:
1537:. Retrieved
1533:the original
1524:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:the original
1487:
1478:
1458:
1451:
1439:. Retrieved
1435:the original
1430:
1420:
1400:
1372:. Retrieved
1357:
1350:
1323:
1319:
1293:. Retrieved
1278:
1215:
1205:
1193:. Retrieved
1171:
1167:
1157:
1145:. Retrieved
1141:
1110:. Retrieved
1106:
1062:
1057:
1028:
992:. Retrieved
977:
970:
958:. Retrieved
949:
869:. Retrieved
860:
842:
830:
798:
793:
779:
743:Perkin Medal
670:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
647:
630:Online books
623:
601:
591:Publications
585:
581:
574:
562:
543:
540:
528:
520:
492:H. E. Carter
485:
473:
465:
433:World War II
430:
397:
364:
357:
333:
328:
324:
318:
316:
312:
302:
292:
277:
272:
268:
258:
247:
236:
198:
197:
183:H. E. Carter
154:
135:Institutions
118:
106:Perkin Medal
55:(1988-01-04)
7093:1988 deaths
7088:1894 births
6800:Fred Basolo
6723:Max Tishler
6490:Roger Adams
6036:Berni Alder
5843:Frank Press
5724:Walter Kohn
5701:George Pake
5635:Walter Munk
5558:Herman Mark
5540:Henry Taube
5328:Jesse Beams
5282:Peter Debye
5264:Harold Urey
5188:Barry Mazur
4750:John Milnor
4644:Amnon Yariv
4588:Leo Beranek
4414:Ernst Weber
4267:Abel Wolman
3858:Thomas Cech
3788:Elkan Blout
3728:Max Tishler
3645:Roger Adams
3603:Simon Levin
3069:Harry Eagle
2892:Paul Gyorgy
2584:Gary Becker
1792:17 February
469:cold rubber
461:emulsifiers
340:phosphonium
290:, in 1918.
265:Roger Adams
261:World War I
187:John Stille
7082:Categories
7042:H.N. Cheng
6317:Ira Remsen
5830:Vera Rubin
5469:Paul Flory
5130:Hyman Bass
5003:John Cocke
4906:Raoul Bott
4809:Kurt Gödel
4801:John Tukey
4758:Paul Cohen
4373:George Low
4336:Simon Ramo
3559:Leroy Hood
3360:Carl Woese
3308:Bruce Ames
2819:Ernst Mayr
1788:(2): 12–13
1195:10 October
887:References
664:, and the
577:phenylene)
35:1894-09-11
6751:1976–2000
6590:1951–1975
6435:1926–1950
6304:1901–1925
6167:1876–1900
5825:Val Fitch
4893:Peter Lax
4663:Shu Chien
3910:John Ross
3625:Chemistry
3013:Paul Berg
2405:laureates
1889:cite book
1817:April 23,
1252:ignored (
1242:cite book
1080:ignored (
1070:cite book
816:ignored (
806:cite book
441:butadiene
5804:Ed Stone
2801:Jay Lush
2308:24 March
1881:Archived
482:Teaching
413:neoprene
344:ammonium
219:asbestos
211:polymers
6914:present
2359:12 June
2333:12 June
2248:12 June
2223:12 June
2194:12 June
2169:12 June
2144:12 June
2116:12 June
2086:12 June
2060:12 June
2019:12 June
1969:17 June
1929:17 June
1842:Bibcode
1761:16 June
1706:17 June
1654:17 June
1565:12 June
1539:24 June
1502:24 June
1441:17 June
1374:16 June
1328:Bibcode
1295:12 June
1172:MCMXIIX
1147:16 June
1140:(ed.).
1112:16 June
994:12 June
960:12 June
871:12 June
445:styrene
336:ethanes
7062:(2024)
7056:(2023)
7050:(2022)
7044:(2021)
7038:(2020)
7032:(2019)
7026:(2018)
7020:(2017)
7014:(2016)
7008:(2015)
7002:(2014)
6996:(2013)
6990:(2012)
6984:(2011)
6978:(2010)
6972:(2009)
6966:(2008)
6960:(2007)
6954:(2006)
6948:(2005)
6942:(2004)
6936:(2003)
6930:(2002)
6924:(2001)
6904:(2000)
6898:(1999)
6892:(1998)
6886:(1997)
6880:(1996)
6874:(1995)
6868:(1994)
6862:(1993)
6856:(1992)
6850:(1991)
6844:(1990)
6838:(1989)
6832:(1988)
6826:(1987)
6820:(1986)
6814:(1985)
6808:(1984)
6802:(1983)
6796:(1982)
6790:(1981)
6784:(1980)
6778:(1979)
6772:(1978)
6766:(1977)
6760:(1976)
6743:(1975)
6737:(1974)
6731:(1973)
6725:(1972)
6719:(1971)
6713:(1970)
6707:(1969)
6701:(1968)
6695:(1967)
6689:(1966)
6683:(1965)
6677:(1964)
6671:(1963)
6665:(1962)
6659:(1961)
6653:(1960)
6647:(1959)
6641:(1958)
6635:(1957)
6629:(1956)
6623:(1955)
6617:(1954)
6611:(1953)
6605:(1952)
6599:(1951)
6582:(1950)
6576:(1949)
6570:(1948)
6564:(1947)
6558:(1946)
6552:(1945)
6546:(1944)
6540:(1943)
6534:(1942)
6528:(1941)
6522:(1940)
6516:(1939)
6510:(1938)
6504:(1937)
6498:(1936)
6492:(1935)
6486:(1934)
6480:(1933)
6474:(1932)
6468:(1931)
6462:(1930)
6456:(1929)
6450:(1928)
6444:(1927)
6427:(1925)
6421:(1924)
6415:(1923)
6409:(1921)
6403:(1920)
6397:(1918)
6391:(1917)
6385:(1915)
6379:(1914)
6373:(1912)
6367:(1911)
6361:(1910)
6355:(1909)
6349:(1907)
6343:(1906)
6337:(1905)
6331:(1904)
6325:(1903)
6319:(1902)
6313:(1901)
6296:(1900)
6290:(1899)
6284:(1898)
6278:(1896)
6272:(1895)
6266:(1893)
6260:(1892)
6254:(1891)
6248:(1890)
6242:(1889)
6236:(1888)
6230:(1887)
6224:(1886)
6218:(1883)
6212:(1882)
6206:(1881)
6200:(1880)
6194:(1879)
6188:(1878)
6182:(1877)
6176:(1876)
2051:
1960:
1920:
1679:
1466:
1408:
1365:
1320:Nature
1286:
1230:
1174:: 172.
985:
776:Family
660:, the
656:, the
599:about
367:olefin
342:, and
295:DuPont
161:(1920)
159:
150:Thesis
125:Fields
113:(1986)
108:(1965)
103:(1956)
98:(1950)
92:Awards
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