Carnac stones - Knowledge

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told AFP that he had "followed the law" and pointed to the "low archaeological value" of objects found during checks before the construction process began. He also admitted to being unaware that the site was listed on the Heritage Atlas, despite reportedly presiding over the group that applied for UNESCO status for the prehistoric sites. While Lepick blamed the region's complex zoning situation, the researcher Christian Obeltz claimed that "elected officials in the area and the department are in a hurry to build up anything because once it is classified with UNESCO, it won't be possible anymore". The local Koun Breizh association has decided to lodge a complaint with the public prosecutor of Vannes for willful destruction of sites that relate to archaeological heritage.

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gigantic proportions and for the quantity and quality of the objects made of jade and callaïs they contained. These funerary spaces have no structured access and preserved the remains of only one individual. The volumes of their tumuli are extraordinary: Saint-Michel in Carnac (35,000m3), Tumiac in Arzon (16,000m3) and Mané er Hroëck in Locmariaquer (14,600m3); while their maximum height rises between 10 and 15m above the ground. The current state of knowledge suggests Mané er Hroëck was the oldest of the three, followed by Tumiac and – finally – Saint-Michel. The last two have radiocarbon dates available (about 4500 cal BC), obtained from diverse samples and by different researchers.

785: 773: 749: 761: 488:, rather than along the coast or overland. Some of the Carnacéen jade axeheads are up to 46 cm in length and may have taken over a thousand hours to produce, on top of the time required to quarry the material and transport it to Carnac. The extraordinary nature of these burials, the scale of the tumuli, the distant exchange networks and effort involved, all indicate that these were the burials of extremely important elite individuals, that some researchers have described as "divine kings". The large-scale effort and organisation involved in the construction of megalithic monuments, such as the 20.6 metre-tall 737: 25: 630: 725: 2030:

of the most impressive monuments is Tumulus Saint-Michel, a burial mound 125 metres long, 60 metres wide and 10 metres high, so large it now has a medieval chapel on top. Excavations there in the nineteenth century revealed thirty-nine polished stone axes, eleven of which were made of Alpine jadeitite (jade), along with several pendants and over a hundred beads made of Iberian variscite stone. It is likely that these objects were buried with a single person who was incredibly important to the community of mourners.

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wealth in their funerary assemblages (with jade and variscite being used in the west and gold and copper in the east), and they also shared some social concepts, featuring a marked degree of social inequality, expressed through symbols of violence and of power, curved throwing weapons, sceptres and axes. … Mont Viso and the Beigua massif (in the Italian Alps) occupied a central position in the diffusion of Alpine axeheads (through repeated contacts) across a vast swathe of Europe, from Carnac to Varna.

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encourages us to regard this society – which produced the earliest megalithic architecture in Europe around the middle of the 5th millennium, together with a whole repertoire of symbolic imagery engraved on extraordinary standing stones, as one which was markedly inegalitarian, with some men having acquired an intermediary status between the elite and the supernatural powers. Such individuals would have been theocrats, 'divine kings'.

1036: 833: 580: 536: 1190: 960:. South of the Kermario alignments, it is 25 to 30 metres (82–98 ft) wide, 5 m (16 ft) high, and has a small menhir on top. Previously surrounded by a circle of small menhirs 4 m (13 ft) out, the main passage is 6.5 m (21 ft) long and leads to a large chamber where numerous artifacts were found, including axes, arrowheads, some animal and human teeth, some pearls and 282: 270: 258: 1349:(Heritage Ministry) re-examined the issue starting in 1984, and subsequently set up the 'Mission Carnac' in 1991 with the aim of rehabilitating and developing the alignments. This involved restricting public access, launching a series of scientific and technical studies, and producing a plan for conservation and development in the area. 652:. These excavations led to the discovery of the vault and stele and brought to light 106 precious stone axes (the largest of which measures 46cm), 49 callaïs beads and 9 callaïs pendants. These objects were subsequently deposited in the Archeological Museum of Vannes. The tumulus has been classified as a historical monument since 1889. 2424:

At the pan−European scale, large jade axeheads are very rare in tombs. … Two regions of Europe offer an exception to this general situation. Firstly, on the shores of the Black Sea, tomb 43 in the cemetery of Varna I, one of the richest graves, with the most gold objects, contained an axehead made of

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The weight and the number of gold finds in the Varna cemetery exceeds by several times the combined weight and number of all of the gold artifacts found in all excavated sites of the same millennium, 5000-4000 BC, from all over the world, including Mesopotamia and Egypt. … Three graves contained gold

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studied the stones in the 1860s, he reported that fewer than 700 of the 3,000 stones were still standing, and subsequent work during the 1930s and 1980s (using bulldozers) rearranged the stones, re-erecting some, to make way for roads or other structures. In 2002, protesters invaded the site, opening

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An arrangement of stones to form the perimeter of a large rectangle. Originally a "tertre tumulus" with a central mound, it is 37 m (121 ft) long, and aligned to east of northeast. The quadrilateral is 10 m (33 ft) wide to the east, but only 7 m (23 ft) wide at the west.

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From around 6,800 years ago, Brittany saw the construction of massive monuments, including burial mounds and the famous multi-stone alignments at Carnac as well as the erection of enormous menhirs (standing stones). Remarkable objects made from imported materials have been found in these tombs … One

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The tumulus, circular/elliptical in shape, is made up of layers of clay. It measures 50m in diameter and 15m in height. It contains a central rectangular burial chamber 4.40m long, 2.40m wide and 1.75m high. This chamber is made up of three monolithic supports and is covered with a quartz slab 4.80m

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in Bulgaria (c. 4500 BC), which contained more gold than all excavated sites from the rest of the world combined in the 5th millennium BC. The Varna burials attest to the existence of powerful elites in southeastern Europe at the same time as they appear in Carnac. Grave 43 of the Varna necropolis,

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jade from Mont Beigua that had been placed between the legs of a man. This had clearly been a personal possession of a particularly rich individual. The second and most important exception is to be found on the southern coast of Brittany, in the gigantic Carnac mounds close to the Gulf of Morbihan.

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It has long been recognised that, in Neolithic and Chalcolithic Europe, there existed a kind of 'mirror image' between Carnac and the Gulf of Morbihan (Brittany, France) in the west and Varna (Bulgaria) in the east. Around the middle of the fifth millennium BC, these two areas display a remarkable

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The Grand Menhir Brisé was once a single stone standing to a height of seventeen metres (with a further three metres below ground). It marked the termination of a row of menhirs at Locmariaquer in Morbihan on the south coast of Brittany. The stone was brought from a source more than ten kilometres

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of Saint-Michel was constructed between 5000 BCE and 3400 BCE. At its base it is 125 by 60 m (410 by 197 ft), and is 12 m (39 ft) high. It required 35,000 cubic metres (46,000 cu yd) of stone and earth. Its function was a tomb for the members of the ruling

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franchise, which obtained a building permit from the local town hall in August 2022. The affected stones are located in the town of Montaubin, separate from the primary tourist locations of Ménec and Kermario, which are situated a little over 1.5km (1 mile) away. The town's mayor, Olivier Lepick,

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in northeastern France and Germany (c. 4200 BC), which featured large tumulus burials within fortified settlements and the use of Alpine jade axes, all associated with the emergence of "high-ranking elites". Engravings on megalithic monuments in Carnac also feature numerous depictions of objects

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Within the sphere of long-distance links based on the functioning of inegalitarian societies, the role of the gulf of Morbihan during the 5th millennium is becoming increasingly clear, as an epicentre of a 'Europe of jade', symmetrical to Varna as an epicentre in the 'Europe of copper'. In both

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The 'Powerful Ones' who were interred under the massive mounds of Tumiac at Arzon, Saint−Michel at Carnac and Mané er Hroëck at Locmariaquer would have been supreme sovereigns in a system of royalty based on religious concepts, where the 'King' is an intermediary between people and supernatural

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The tumulus comprises a rectangular burial vault of about 5m by 3m, covered with two roofing slabs, supporting a mound about 100m long and 60m wide. The tumulus rises to approximately 15m above sea level, or almost 8m above the natural ground. The current entrance, with a staircase, is a modern

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The status of the individuals who were interred in the massive mounds in the Carnac area of the Gulf of Morbihan, accompanied by numerous large Alpine axeheads and by other objects imported over long distances, is therefore all the more exceptional and demands to be explained. ... The evidence

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There are, in the Morbihan region of western France (Brittany), more than one hundred earthen mounds (circular or elongated) containing individual or multiple burials dug into pits or arranged in stone or wood cists. … Among such monuments, three stand out for their isolation in the landscape,

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scattered around the area. These dolmens are generally considered to have been tombs; however, the acidic soil of Brittany has eroded away the bones. They were constructed with several large stones supporting a capstone, then buried under a mound of earth. In many cases, the mound is no longer

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the longest Alpine jade axehead from one of the massive Carnac mounds at Mané er Hroëck at Locmariaquer (Morbihan, France) measures no less than 46.6 cm in length … hundreds of hours of supplementary polishing would have been required to produce the 'Carnac−style' axeheads, with their perfect

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the builders of the Carnac graves are very likely the same people who also solved the technical problems linked to the quarrying, the haulage over at least 10km and the erection of the Er Grah 'grand menhir'. … one could say that the existence of a king explains the invention of the lost wax

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was established there by his brother Robert to house the artifacts. Zacharie became the director of the Museum and, although self-taught, became an internationally recognised expert on megaliths in the region. He too left the results of his work to the town, and the museum is now named

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Petrequin, Pierre; Cassen, Serge; Errera, Michel; Klassen, Lutz; Pétrequin, Anne−Marie; Sheridan, Alison (2013). "The value of things : the production and circulation of alpine jade axes during the 5th – 4th millenia in a European perspective". In Kerig, T; Zimmermann, A (eds.).

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cases, the strategic location of these centres of power (between the sea and the continent), the role of salt in the exchanges and the power of religious beliefs could have been some of the primary conditions for the success of these societies with their unequally-distributed riches.

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Petrequin, Pierre; Cassen, Serge; Errera, Michel; Klassen, Lutz; Pétrequin, Anne−Marie; Sheridan, Alison (2013). "The value of things: the production and circulation of alpine jade axes during the 5th – 4th millenia in a European perspective". In Kerig, T; Zimmermann, A (eds.).

123: 1360:, management of the stones can be controversial. Since 1991, the main groups of stone rows have been protected from the public by fences "to help vegetation growth", preventing visits except by organised tours. They are open during winter, however. When 599:

The site was excavated in 1853. The crater visible at the top of the tumulus corresponds to the vertical hole made at the time for its exploration. It was the subject of new excavations and work in 1934, which brought to light several secondary burials.

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Jeunesse, Christian (2017). "From Neolithic kings to the Staffordshire hoard. Hoards and aristocratic graves in the European Neolithic: the birth of a 'Barbarian' Europe?". In Bickle, Penny; Cummings, Vicki; Hofman, Daniela; Pollard, Joshua (eds.).

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The monuments themselves were listed and purchased by the State at the start of the 20th century to protect them against quarrymen, and while this was successful at the time, in the middle of the century, redevelopment, changes to

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objects that together accounted for more than half of the total weight of all gold grave goods yielded by the cemetery. A scepter, symbol of a supreme secular or religious authority, was discovered in each of these three graves.

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85 m (279 ft) long, 35 m (115 ft) wide, and 5 m (16 ft) high. It has a dolmen at the west end, and two tombs at the east end. A small menhir, approximately 3 m (10 ft) high, is nearby.

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containing 71 stone blocks" at the western end and a very ruined cromlech at the eastern end. The largest stones, around 4 metres (13 feet) high, are at the wider, western end; the stones then become as small as 0.6 metres

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In recent centuries, many of the sites have been neglected, with reports of dolmens being used as sheep shelters, chicken sheds or even ovens. Even more commonly, stones have been removed to make way for roads, or as

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Near the quadrilateral is a single massive menhir, now known as the "Giant". Over 6.5 m (21 ft) tall, it was re-erected around 1900 by Zacharie Le Rouzic, and overlooks the nearby Kerlescan alignment.

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is at the centre of conserving and displaying the artefacts from the area. It also contains the "world's largest collection prehistoric exhibits" with over 6,600 prehistoric objects from 136 different sites.

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Some researchers argue that the large tombs with richly furnished graves and the cult centres in the form of stone rows at Carnac indicate the possible existence of 'kingdoms' at that time, ruled by priests.

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The tumulus of Tumiac is located in Arzon, in the Rhuys peninsula, south of the Gulf of Morbihan. It is also known as 'Caesar's mound' because, according to local legend, it served as an observatory for

460:. Each of these tumuli contained a megalithic burial chamber, containing the burial of only one individual, along with numerous large polished stone axeheads, stone arm-rings, and jewellery made from 1051:), 7.6-metre (24 ft 11 in) tablestone resting on pillars roughly 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) high. Prior to 1900, it was connected by a passage making it 24 m (79 ft) long. 3033: 972:

carved on its inner surfaces in the form of serpentines and a human-sized double-axe symbol carved in the underside of its main roof slab. In ancient cultures, the axe and more precisely the

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A smaller group of 555 stones, further to the east of the other two sites. It is composed of 13 lines with a total length of about 800 metres (2,600 ft), ranging in height from 80

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A large dolmen measuring 12 by 5 m (39 by 16 ft), with a 5 m (16 ft) long broken capstone. It is named after the nearby Chapelle de La Madeleine, which is still used.

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A chapel was built on top in 1663 and was rebuilt in 1813, before being destroyed in 1923. The current building is an identical reconstruction of the 1663 chapel, built in 1926.

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Petrequin, Pierre; Cassen, Serge; Errera, Michel; Klassen, Lutz; Sheridan, Alison (2012). "29: Sacred things… the idealised functions of Alpine jade objects in western Europe".

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regularity of form, their extreme thinness and sometimes with a perforation through their butt. … For certain examples, a figure of 1000 hours is far from being unreasonable.

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Three exceptionally large burial mounds are known from the Carnac and Morbihan area, dating from the mid-5th millennium BC and known collectively as 'Carnacéen tumuli':

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Petrequin, Pierre; Cassen, Serge; Errera, Michel; Klassen, Lutz; Tsonev, Tsoni; Dimitrov, Kalin; Mitkova, Rositsa (2012). "26: Axeheads of «Alpine jades» in Bulgaria".

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Petrequin, Pierre; Cassen, Serge; Errera, Michel; Klassen, Lutz; Tsonev, Tsoni; Dimitrov, Kalin; Mitkova, Rositsa (2012). "26: Axeheads of «Alpine jades» in Bulgaria".

1251:(1864–1939), as his assistant, and Zacharie learnt archaeology on the job. After Miln's death, he left the results of his excavations to the town of Carnac, and the 5018: 856: 562:

with a series of vertical pits, digging down 8 m (26 ft). Le Rouzic also excavated it between 1900 and 1907, discovering the tomb and the stone chests.

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Slavchev, Vladimir (2010). "The Varna Eneolithic Cemetery in the Context of the Late Copper Age in the East Balkans". In Anthony, David; Chi, Jennifer (eds.).

796: 429: 3067: 1241: 1021:):A group of three dolmens with layout unique in Brittany, once covered by a tumulus. Whereas most groups of dolmens are parallel, these are arranged in a 445:, mounds of earth built up over a grave. In this area, they generally feature a passage leading to a central chamber which once held neolithic artifacts. 3872: 3852: 844: 2439:"Rings and axeheads of Alpine jades: imports to and exports from the Gulf of Morbihan during the 5th millennium and the beginning of the 4th millennium" 1627: 3877: 709: 3897: 3590: 115: 559: 3575: 2644: 3600: 820: 2469: 4993: 1287:

worked with his son Archie from 1970 to 1974 to carry out a detailed survey of the Carnac alignments, and produced a series of papers on the

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varying in height from 0.91 metres (3.0 ft) to 2.4 metres (7.9 ft) that is aligned along its diagonal to the midsummer sunrise.

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long. It had a wooden floor and two engraved side slabs. The funerary chamber contained rich furniture consisting of 11 jadeite axes, 26

2990: 3605: 2965: 2585: 1240:(1819–1881), who reported that by then fewer than 700 of the 3,000 stones were still standing. Towards 1875, Miln engaged a local boy, 4944: 1892:

Cassen, Serge; Rodríguez-Rellán, Carlos; Fábregas Valcarce, Ramon; Grimaud, Valentin; Pailler, Yvan; Schulz Paulsson, Bettina (2019).

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Cassen, Serge; Rodríguez-Rellán, Carlos; Fábregas Valcarce, Ramon; Grimaud, Valentin; Pailler, Yvan; Schulz Paulsson, Bettina (2019).

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used to represent the lightning powers of divinity. It was constructed around 4600 BC and used for approximately 3,000 years.

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passage grave, c. 3200 BC, may have been a "god-king" and part of a "dynastic elite". Similarities have also been noted with the

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and later Christian occupations. A Christian legend associated with the stones held that they were pagan soldiers in pursuit of

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people of Brittany and form the largest such collection in the world. Most of the stones are within the Breton municipality of

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In recent years, management of the site has also experimented with allowing sheep to graze among the stones, in order to keep

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made a detailed survey of the stones in 1834. Ronalds created the first accurate drawings of many of them with his patented

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The dolmen Er-Roc'h-Feutet. An inscription next to every standing stone formation proclaims ownership by the state of France.

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In 1887, H. de Cleuziou argued for a connection between the rows of stones and the directions of sunsets at the solstices.

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which contained a single male buried with a sceptre and numerous gold ornaments, also contained an Alpine jade axehead.

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cycle. Local tradition similarly claims that the reason they stand in such perfectly straight lines is that they are a

2334:"La crosse, point d'interrogation? Poursuite de l'analyse d'un signe néolithique, notamment à Locmariaquer (Morbihan)" 2064:

Kadrow, Slawomir (2015). "The Idea of the Eneolithic". In Kristiansen, Kristian; Šmejda, Ladislav; Turek, Jan (eds.).

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technique in Varna culture and the processes that led to the erection of the Er Grah broken menhir at Locmariaquer.

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away. Its transport and erection were a triumph of the coercive power at work within the Early Neolithic community.

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present, sometimes due to archeological excavation, and only the large stones remain, in various states of ruin.

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In June 2023, 39 menhirs still outside the UNESCO protected site were destroyed to construct a DIY store of the

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There are also general theories on the use of the stones as astronomical observatories, as has been claimed for

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There are some individual menhirs and at least one other formation which do not fit into the above categories.

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Paulsson, Bettina (2019). "The time of callaïs: radiocarbon dates and Bayesian chronological modelling".

4829: 3034:"À Carnac, 39 menhirs détruits pour construire un magasin de bricolage : Que s'est-il passé ?" 356:) high along the length of the alignment before growing in height again toward the extreme eastern end. 4461: 4396: 4326: 4041: 3902: 3867: 3621: 2333: 1893: 1845: 4021: 3068:"Prehistoric standing stones in western France destroyed during construction of DIY store – The Local" 2648: 550:

class. It contained various funerary objects, such as 15 stone chests, large jade axes, pottery, and

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From Carnac to Callanish: The Prehistoric Stone Rows and Avenues of Britain, Ireland, and Brittany

4880: 4688: 4683: 4613: 4321: 4164: 4138: 4031: 3681: 3519: 3514: 2784:"Bretons fight for Carnac to stay in the Stone Age : The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map" 2694: 484:. Archaeological evidence indicates that the callaïs was brought from Iberia by boat, across the 238: 4016: 1716: 4920: 4618: 4316: 4296: 4159: 4107: 4102: 3580: 3534: 3448: 3398: 3336: 1511: 1393: 489: 246: 198:

Although the stones date from 4500–3300 BC, modern beliefs associated them with 1st century AD

50: 3913: 1805: 1461: 4925: 4774: 4673: 4426: 4366: 4286: 4230: 4179: 4051: 3837: 3721: 3701: 3691: 2994: 1694: 1246: 612:. According to carbon-14 dating, the tumulus of Tumiac was erected between 4790 and 4530 BC. 3549: 3209: 2969: 2589: 2540:"The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map: Moustoir tumulus Moustoir Er Mané – Chambered Tomb" 418: 184: 4749: 4658: 4456: 4189: 4056: 3696: 3646: 3478: 2670:"The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map: Geant du Manio Le Manio (Standing Stone (Menhir))" 2201: 1759: 714: 574: 539: 530: 453: 449: 434: 1894:"Real and ideal European maritime transfers along the Atlantic coast during the Neolithic" 1846:"Real and ideal European maritime transfers along the Atlantic coast during the Neolithic" 645:

addition. An engraved stele, found broken into three pieces, stands next to the entrance.

402:) to 4 m (13 ft). At the extreme west, where the stones are tallest, there is a 8: 4799: 4709: 3711: 3686: 3357: 3158: 2944: 2787: 1413: 1221: 501: 493: 3438: 2205: 629: 4870: 4411: 4346: 4306: 4169: 4036: 4001: 3976: 3766: 3746: 3666: 3554: 3131: 3108: 2561:"The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map: La Madeleine (Carnac) Burial Chamber (Dolmen)" 2369:. New York University, Institute for the Study of the Ancient World. pp. 192–211. 2293: 2222: 2189: 2170: 1915: 1867: 1686: 1486: 1343:

and increasing tourism bringing visitors to the stones led to rapid deterioration. The

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From the 1720s increasing interest was shown in these features. In 1796, for example,

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JADE – Grandes Haches Alpines du Néolithique Européen, Ve et IVe Millénaires av. J.C.

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JADE – Grandes Haches Alpines du Néolithique Européen, Ve et IVe Millénaires av. J.C.

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JADE – Grandes Haches Alpines du Néolithique Européen, Ve et IVe Millénaires av. J.C.

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gatherings. In 1805, A. Maudet de Penhoët claimed they represented stars in the sky.

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A much smaller group, further east again of Kerlescan, falling within the commune of

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The first extensive excavation was performed in the 1860s by Scottish antiquary

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Sheep grazing around the Kerlescan alignment, part of a new management strategy

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The tumulus of Tumiac has been classified as a historical monument since 1923.

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remaining. It is aligned east-to-west, with a passage entrance to the south.

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Economic archaeology: from structure to performance in European archaeology

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Economic archaeology: from structure to performance in European archaeology

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Economic archaeology: from structure to performance in European archaeology

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includes the giant menhir of Loqmariaquer, and marked and inscribed stones

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Megalithic Science: Ancient Mathematics and Astronomy in North-west Europe

2272:"A later fifth-millennium cal BC tumulus at Hofheim-Kapellenberg, Germany" 406:

which has 39 stones. There may also be another stone circle to the north.

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North, near the Chapelle de La Madeleine. Has a completely covered roof.

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when he turned them to stone. Brittany has its own local versions of the

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the padlocks and allowing tourists free entry. In particular, the group

1119: 472:). Scientific analyses have shown that many of the axeheads are made of 226:. The continuing management of the sites remains a controversial topic. 4819: 4784: 4522: 4466: 4436: 4376: 4356: 4143: 3716: 3676: 3048:"France: Ancient standing stones bulldozed for massive DIY chain store" 1440: 1361: 1353: 1303: 1292: 1237: 391: 242: 199: 3960: 2609: 1111: 551: 461: 421:. These are now set in woods, and most are covered with moss and ivy. 367:

This fan-like layout recurs a little further along to the east in the

4915: 4895: 4779: 4603: 4558: 4512: 4271: 4214: 4133: 3950: 3458: 3453: 3433: 3269: 1910: 1862: 1048: 1022: 872: 497: 473: 469: 465: 294: 2438: 2395: 2312: 2127: 1983: 1934: 516:

The Carnacéen tumuli were contemporary with the rich burials of the

4678: 4502: 4476: 4451: 4351: 4336: 3822: 3651: 3636: 3499: 3428: 3418: 3378: 3301: 3188: 2417: 2044: 1962: 1403: 1025:. The largest of the three is at the east, 11 metres (36 ft). 965: 148: 144: 1628:"Stonehenge built by descendants of early immigrants, study finds" 99:

alignments, the best-known megalithic site among the Carnac stones

4724: 4276: 3929: 3847: 3509: 3473: 1357: 1035: 994: 579: 546: 535: 510: 442: 313: 172: 3204: 2716:"Megalithism in Morbihan - Carnac - Astonishing heaps of stones" 1669:

Mens, Emmanuel (2015). "Refitting megaliths in western France".

316:

from local outcroppings that once extensively covered the area.

4900: 4885: 4517: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 1189: 1092: 973: 881: 327:

Eleven converging rows of menhirs stretching for 1,165 by 100

215: 180: 164: 160: 156: 2067:

Paradigm Found: Archaeological Theory Present, Past And Future

505:

interpreted as symbols of authority and power, such as curved

4890: 3751: 3133:

A Guide to the Stone Circles of Britain, Ireland and Brittany

3016:"Anger as pre-historic stones destroyed for French DIY store" 2366:

The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC

1988:

Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté. pp. 1356–1357.

1373: 1206: 1044: 961: 957: 328: 176: 2851:(paperback 1980 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2453: 2414: 2393: 2310: 2041: 1981: 1959: 1258:

Le Musée de Préhistoire James Miln – Zacharie le Rouzic

281: 399: 353: 343:

at either end. According to the tourist office there is a "

269: 3229: – comprehensive list of dolmens in area with photos. 1604:"A History of Ancient Britain, Series 1, Age of Ancestors" 608:

axes and 249 callaïs beads. These objects are kept in the

1332:

Musée de Préhistoire James Miln – Zacharie le Rouzic

814:

Jadeitite and eclogite axes from the Saint-Michel tumulus

3216:

Online photo exhibition of the Carnac region's megaliths

3196: 2805:"Carnac - a megalithic wonderland - M E g A L i T h i A" 1560:. The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map. Archived from 257: 3222:

An amateur's guide to visiting the Carnac stones by car

2159:"Gavrinis and Newgrange: Two connected passage graves?" 3264:

Carnac - a megalithic wonderland - M E g A L i T h i A

3091:. Translated by Perre, Juan-Paolo. Éditions Gisserot. 2966:"No Pasaran - Carnac : Occupation holl a gevred" 2735:

Sir Francis Ronalds: Father of the Electric Telegraph

1827:"Paysages de Megalithes de Carnac et du Sud Morbihan" 480:, whilst the callaïs was imported from south-western 245:

in England, which has been claimed to be the work of

554:jewellery, most of which are currently held by the 187:. The stones were erected at some stage during the 3130: 3107: 2844: 2190:"A dynastic elite in monumental Neolithic society" 2757: 2610:Alexander Thom; Archibald Stevenson Thom (1978). 2578: 1551: 1549: 1314:was linked to the alignments for such a purpose. 195:, but some may date to as early as 4500 BC. 4975: 3266: – basic arrangement of the main alignments 3227:The megaliths of Carnac: Dolmen / passage graves 2820: 2818: 1784:"Dolmen. Tumulus. Menhir . En Images. Dinosoria" 1583:"Megaliths of Carnac: Standing Stones / Menhirs" 1485:. News.therecord.com. 2008-03-08. Archived from 637:The Tumulus of Mané-er-Hroëk (also known as the 5019:Monuments of the Centre des monuments nationaux 3205:Official website of Prehistory Museum of Carnac 167:(standing stones). More than 3,000 prehistoric 2553: 1652:Laporte, Luc; Roux, Charles-Tanguy Le (2005). 1546: 1346:Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication 1299:. Thom's megalithic yard has been challenged. 183:, but some to the east are within neighboring 3285: 2815: 2799: 2797: 1558:"La Madeleine dolmen Burial Chamber (Dolmen)" 1535:. Big Site of Amazing Facts. 15 December 2008 1276:alignments of some 1,100 stones in 11 columns 1099:suggested it measured forty by thirty of his 3252:Megaliths of Carnac: Dolmen / Passage Graves 2899:Astronomy in Prehistoric Britain and Ireland 2603: 2012: 1936:La parure en callaïs du Néolithique européen 1344: 1007:On a small hill, has two separate chambers. 956:A rare dolmen still covered by its original 633:Entrance to the Mané-er-Hroëk burial chamber 3235: – GPS coordinates of megalithic sites 1651: 993:A roughly rectangular mound, with only one 143:) are an exceptionally dense collection of 16:Set of megalithic sites in Brittany, France 3292: 3278: 2923:"Reality and fantasy - The Carnac project" 2794: 2613:Megalithic remains in Britain and Brittany 2269: 2017:. British Museum Press. pp. 145–147. 2013:Garrow, Duncan; Wilkin, Neil (June 2022). 1555: 1184: 1054: 312:The standing stones are made of weathered 237:, the alignments would have been built by 2436: 2287: 2221: 1909: 1861: 1533:"Why are Carnac Stones Called Megaliths?" 648:The tumulus was excavated in 1863 by the 409: 69:Learn how and when to remove this message 2362: 2156: 2124: 2100:. Oxford University Press. p. 124. 2093: 1932: 1435: 1433: 1321: 1267: 1188: 1118: 1110: 1034: 944: 871: 708: 628: 578: 534: 428: 280: 268: 256: 122: 114: 102: 90: 32:This article includes a list of general 3254: – main sites in the Morbihan area 2896: 2760:"Sketches at Carnac (Brittany) in 1834" 2732: 2512: 2187: 1887: 1885: 1778: 1776: 717:excavations, and finds from the tumulus 382: 4976: 3299: 3233:The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map 3083: 2871: 2331: 2063: 1510:. Franceholidays.co.uk. Archived from 1130: 151:in northwestern France, consisting of 3273: 3157: 3077: 2993:. Myweb.tiscali.co.uk. Archived from 2943:. Myweb.tiscali.co.uk. Archived from 2901:. Yale University Press. p. 83. 2778: 2776: 2693:. Myweb.tiscali.co.uk. Archived from 2647:. Myweb.tiscali.co.uk. Archived from 2588:. Myweb.tiscali.co.uk. Archived from 2517:. Bretagne-celtic.com. Archived from 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 1804:. Myweb.tiscali.co.uk. Archived from 1758:. Myweb.tiscali.co.uk. Archived from 1430: 1231: 1226:Sketches at Carnac (Brittany) in 1834 359: 4994:Buildings and structures in Morbihan 3241: – website for a protest group. 3128: 3105: 2842: 1882: 1773: 1668: 1662: 1352:As with the megalithic structure of 1306:. According to one such theory, the 1091:: A classic 3, 4, 5 rectangle of 21 18: 3525:Megaliths in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 3154:(provided by Carnac tourist office) 1441:"Megaliths of Carnac: Introduction" 1115:The Manio quadrilateral arrangement 1106: 319: 13: 2826:"Le Musée de Préhistoire à Carnac" 2773: 2737:. London: Imperial College Press. 2563:. Megalithic.co.uk. Archived from 2487: 2250:Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum 1939:. Archaeopress. pp. 479–507. 1464:. Sacred Destinations Travel Guide 964:, and 26 beads of a unique bluish 888: 38:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 5030: 4062:Great Dolmen of Comenda da Igreja 3210:Carnac at france-for-visitors.com 3182: 2876:. Thames and Hudson. p. 58. 2132:. Oxbow Books. pp. 175–186. 2070:. Oxbow Books. pp. 248–262. 1263: 4989:Megalithic monuments in Brittany 1010: 855: 843: 831: 819: 807: 795: 783: 771: 759: 747: 735: 723: 618: 339:considered to be the remains of 293:There are three major groups of 23: 5004:Tourist attractions in Morbihan 4549:List of recumbent stone circles 3060: 3040: 3026: 3008: 2983: 2958: 2933: 2915: 2890: 2865: 2836: 2751: 2726: 2708: 2683: 2662: 2637: 2532: 2430: 2408: 2387: 2356: 2325: 2304: 2263: 2238: 2181: 2150: 2118: 2087: 2057: 2035: 2006: 1975: 1953: 1926: 1837: 1819: 1794: 1748: 1730: 1705: 1658:(in French). Maison des Roches. 1645: 1483:"Marvelling at Carnac's stones" 1376:and other weeds under control. 1224:, which were printed in a book 898: 610:Archaeological Museum of Vannes 524: 119:Megalithic alignments at Carnac 3627:List of multiple-stone circles 3245: 3189:Carnac stones official website 2616:. Oxford University Press US. 2470:"Office de Tourisme de Carnac" 1620: 1596: 1575: 1525: 1500: 1475: 1454: 1295:supporting his concept of the 1222:perspective tracing instrument 1142: 1043:A "classic" dolmen, with a 40- 979: 704: 650:Polymathic Society of Morbihan 558:. It was excavated in 1862 by 556:Museum of Prehistory of Carnac 147:sites near the south coast of 1: 2847:Sun, Moon and Standing Stones 1585:. megaliths.sherwoodonline.de 1556:TheCaptain (3 January 2005). 1419: 1317: 1000: 433:Le Menec alignments with the 252: 4926:Photographs of stone circles 3164:The Mystery of Stone Circles 2472:. 2006-07-03. Archived from 2350:10.1016/j.anthro.2012.03.006 986: 235:A History of Ancient Britain 7: 4077:Vale Maria do Meio Cromlech 4047:Barreira Megalithic Complex 3545:Route of Megalithic Culture 3152:Carnac: Guide pratique 2006 2968:(in French). Archived from 2872:Heggie, Douglas C. (1981). 2270:Gronenborn, Detlef (2020). 1508:"France Holidays, Brittany" 1387: 1283:Among more recent studies, 655: 592:during his war against the 163:(burial mounds) and single 10: 5035: 4397:Long Meg and Her Daughters 4195:Dolmen del prado de Lácara 4042:Great Dolmen of Zambujeiro 3622:List of five-stone circles 3596:La Gran'mère du Chimquière 2758:Blair and Ronalds (1836). 2437:Petrequin, Pierre (2019). 2422:. Habelt. pp. 65−82. 2049:. Habelt. pp. 65−82. 1967:. Habelt. pp. 65−82. 1831:www.megalithes-morbihan.fr 1028: 938: 867: 622: 572: 528: 80: 5009:Stone Age sites in France 4863: 4843: 4815:St Lythans burial chamber 4702: 4541: 4495: 4264: 4255: 4239: 4223: 4152: 4121: 4098:Dolmens of North Caucasus 4090: 3992:Anta do Alto da Toupeira‎ 3969: 3938: 3922: 3796: 3775: 3642:Ardristan standing stones 3614: 3568: 3487: 3371: 3345: 3329: 3308: 3137:. Yale University Press. 3114:. Yale University Press. 3089:The Megaliths of Brittany 2843:Wood, John Edwin (1978). 2769:– via Google Books. 2214:10.1038/s41586-020-2378-6 1683:10.1017/S0003598X00096411 1655:Bâtisseurs du Néolithique 1462:"Carnac Stones, Brittany" 1291:of the stones as well as 730:Callaïs from Saint-Michel 568: 424: 4931:Middle Eastern megaliths 4830:Tŷ Newydd Burial Chamber 4027:Anta da Pedra dos Mouros 3757:Templebryan Stone Circle 3657:Brennanstown Portal Tomb 3409:Broken Menhir of Er Grah 2246:"Tumulus and stone axes" 2157:Harbison, Peter (2017). 2094:Cunliffe, Barry (2017). 1424: 1409:List of megalithic sites 191:period, probably around 5014:Stone circles in Europe 4881:Concentric stone circle 4165:Chabola de la Hechicera 4032:Anta das Pedras Grandes 4022:Antas do Olival da Pêga 3682:Castlenalacht Stone Row 3515:Lancken-Granitz dolmens 3414:Dolmen de Mané-Kerioned 3197:Carnac official website 2897:Ruggles, Clive (1999). 2129:The Neolithic of Europe 2015:The World of Stonehenge 1898:Documenta Praehistorica 1850:Documenta Praehistorica 1608:www.bbc.co.uk (BBC Two) 1367:Collectif Holl a gevred 1289:astronomical alignments 1185:Excavation and analysis 1056:Crucuno stone rectangle 540:Tumulus of Saint-Michel 490:Grand Menhir of Er Grah 175:and erected by the pre- 53:more precise citations. 4921:Recumbent stone circle 4317:Burnmoor stone circles 4160:Antequera Dolmens Site 4108:Megaliths in the Urals 3535:Oldendorfer Totenstatt 3449:Locmariaquer megaliths 3399:Menhir de Champ-Dolent 3260: – historical map 3167:. Heinemann-Raintree. 2733:Ronalds, B.F. (2016). 2332:Cassen, Serge (2012). 2188:Cassidy, Lara (2020). 1738:"Holidays in Brittany" 1394:Prehistory of Brittany 1345: 1341:agricultural practices 1327: 1277: 1198: 1124: 1116: 1040: 953: 877: 718: 634: 584: 542: 438: 290: 278: 266: 247:Early European Farmers 239:hunter-gatherer people 140: 128: 120: 112: 100: 4999:Geography of Brittany 4775:Lligwy Burial Chamber 4427:Nine Stones, Altarnun 4231:Obelisk of Theodosius 4180:Dolmen of Guadalperal 4052:Dolmen of Cunha Baixa 3909:Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum 3702:Gaulstown Portal Tomb 3692:Creevykeel Court Tomb 3129:Burl, Aubrey (1995). 3106:Burl, Aubrey (1993). 2645:"Manio Quadrilateral" 1325: 1271: 1193:Large upright in the 1192: 1122: 1114: 1038: 948: 875: 713:Documentation of the 712: 632: 582: 538: 432: 284: 272: 260: 171:were hewn from local 126: 118: 106: 94: 4750:Carreg Coetan Arthur 4190:Dolmen de la Pastora 4057:Dolmen of Carapito I 4017:Anta do Monte Abraão 3647:Beltany stone circle 3479:Verziau of Gargantua 2927:www2.culture.gouv.fr 2720:www2.culture.gouv.fr 2400:pp. 1231–1279. 2317:pp. 1231–1279. 2289:10.15184/aqy.2020.79 1744:on October 27, 2005. 1443:. menhirs.tripod.com 1293:statistical analysis 575:fr:Tumulus de Tumiac 531:Saint-Michel tumulus 435:Saint-Michel tumulus 4956: / 4800:Parc Cwm long cairn 4710:Barclodiad y Gawres 3914:Xagħra Stone Circle 3712:Grange stone circle 3687:Castlestrange Stone 2206:2020Natur.582..384C 2163:Archaeology Ireland 1414:Michelsberg culture 1205:attributed them to 1164: / 1075: / 919: / 862:Polished stone axes 742:Callaïs from Tumiac 674: / 502:Michelsberg culture 233:'s BBC documentary 214:turned to stone by 127:Le Menec alignments 4960:47.5965°N 3.0660°W 4871:Axial stone circle 4639:Loanhead of Daviot 4634:Kirkton of Bourtie 4629:Easter Aquhorthies 4307:Brown Willy Cairns 4210:La Torre–La Janera 4037:Anta da Vidigueira 4002:Anta de Carcavelos 3977:Almendres Cromlech 3804:Megalithic Temples 3767:Uragh Stone Circle 3747:Poulnabrone dolmen 3550:Sieben Steinhäuser 3078:General references 2809:www.megalithia.com 2672:. Megalithic.co.uk 2542:. Megalithic.co.uk 1564:on 4 February 2012 1328: 1278: 1242:Zacharie Le Rouzic 1232:Miln and Le Rouzic 1203:La Tour d'Auvergne 1199: 1125: 1117: 1041: 1039:The Crucuno dolmen 1019:Grotte de Grionnec 1017:(Pixies' mound or 954: 923:47.6208°N 3.0482°W 880:There are several 878: 719: 678:47.6119°N 3.0608°W 635: 625:fr:Tumulus du Ruyk 585: 543: 441:There are several 439: 419:La Trinité-sur-Mer 377:aerial photography 335:). There are what 297: – 291: 279: 267: 224:building materials 185:La Trinité-sur-Mer 129: 121: 113: 101: 83:Neolithic Brittany 4939: 4938: 4859: 4858: 4554:Auld Bourtreebush 4432:Nine Stones Close 4175:Dolmen de Axeitos 4067:Menhir of Outeiro 3997:Antas do Barrocal 3982:Anta de Adrenunes 3853:Qortin l-Imdawwar 3662:Brownshill dolmen 3581:Le Creux ès Faïes 3469:Tombeau de Merlin 3404:Dolmen de Bagneux 3384:Tumulus of Bougon 3239:menhirslibres.org 3174:978-1-4329-1023-5 2908:978-0-300-07814-5 2744:978-1-78326-917-4 2623:978-0-19-858156-7 2200:(7812): 384–388. 2139:978-1-78570-654-7 2107:978-0-19-875789-4 2077:978-1-78297-770-4 1946:978-1-78969-280-8 1788:www.dinosoria.com 1253:James Miln Museum 1123:The Manio "Giant" 968:gem. It has some 950:Dolmen of Kercado 850:Broken stone axes 583:Tumulus of Tumiac 373:House of the Dead 79: 78: 71: 5026: 4984:Archaeoastronomy 4971: 4970: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4965:47.5965; -3.0660 4961: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4949: 4740:Bryn Gwyn stones 4730:Bryn Cader Faner 4609:Clach an Trushal 4496:Northern Ireland 4447:Rudston Monolith 4262: 4261: 4113:Russian geoglyph 4072:Menhir of Bulhoa 4012:Antas da Valeira 3732:Meehambee Dolmen 3530:Niedertiefenbach 3505:Fraubillen cross 3439:Hotié de Viviane 3424:Gallardet Dolmen 3389:Caixa de Rotllan 3294: 3287: 3280: 3271: 3270: 3203: 3195: 3178: 3148: 3136: 3125: 3113: 3102: 3072: 3071: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3053:Business Insider 3044: 3038: 3037: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3012: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2987: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2977: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2952: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2894: 2888: 2887: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2850: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2828:. Archived from 2822: 2813: 2812: 2801: 2792: 2791: 2786:. Archived from 2780: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2702: 2691:"Géant de Manio" 2687: 2681: 2680: 2678: 2677: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2657: 2656: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2597: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2572: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2547: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2510: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2481: 2466: 2451: 2450: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2360: 2354: 2353: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2291: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2225: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2010: 2004: 2003: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1957: 1951: 1950: 1930: 1924: 1923: 1913: 1911:10.4312/dp.46.19 1889: 1880: 1879: 1865: 1863:10.4312/dp.46.19 1841: 1835: 1834: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1813: 1798: 1792: 1791: 1780: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1767: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1740:. Archived from 1734: 1728: 1727: 1725: 1724: 1715:. Archived from 1709: 1703: 1702: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1639: 1624: 1618: 1617: 1615: 1614: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1590: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1569: 1553: 1544: 1543: 1541: 1540: 1529: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1519: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1494: 1479: 1473: 1472: 1470: 1469: 1458: 1452: 1451: 1449: 1448: 1437: 1348: 1250: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1169: 1168:47.603°N 3.056°W 1165: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1107:Other formations 1101:megalithic yards 1090: 1089: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1079:47.625°N 3.122°W 1076: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1068: 934: 933: 931: 930: 929: 928:47.6208; -3.0482 924: 920: 917: 916: 915: 912: 859: 847: 835: 823: 811: 799: 787: 775: 763: 751: 739: 727: 689: 688: 686: 685: 684: 683:47.6119; -3.0608 679: 675: 672: 671: 670: 667: 507:throwing weapons 153:stone alignments 141:Steudadoù Karnag 87:Neolithic France 74: 67: 63: 60: 54: 49:this article by 40:inline citations 27: 26: 19: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5023: 4974: 4973: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4955: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4935: 4876:Chambered cairn 4855: 4851:Manx runestones 4839: 4698: 4654:Ring of Brodgar 4644:Lochmaben Stone 4537: 4491: 4412:Mitchell's Fold 4257: 4251: 4247:Boundary Stones 4235: 4219: 4205:Dolmen de Viera 4185:Dolmen of Menga 4170:Cova d'en Daina 4148: 4117: 4086: 3987:Anta de Agualva 3965: 3934: 3918: 3792: 3771: 3610: 3564: 3483: 3367: 3363:Tatul Sanctuary 3341: 3325: 3304: 3298: 3248: 3201: 3193: 3185: 3175: 3145: 3122: 3099: 3085:Briard, Jacques 3080: 3075: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3000: 2998: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2975: 2973: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2950: 2948: 2939: 2938: 2934: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2909: 2895: 2891: 2884: 2870: 2866: 2859: 2841: 2837: 2824: 2823: 2816: 2803: 2802: 2795: 2782: 2781: 2774: 2764: 2762: 2756: 2752: 2745: 2731: 2727: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2700: 2698: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2675: 2673: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2654: 2652: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2608: 2604: 2595: 2593: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2570: 2568: 2559: 2558: 2554: 2545: 2543: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2524: 2522: 2511: 2488: 2479: 2477: 2468: 2467: 2454: 2435: 2431: 2413: 2409: 2392: 2388: 2377: 2361: 2357: 2338:L'Anthropologie 2330: 2326: 2309: 2305: 2268: 2264: 2254: 2252: 2244: 2243: 2239: 2186: 2182: 2155: 2151: 2140: 2123: 2119: 2108: 2092: 2088: 2078: 2062: 2058: 2040: 2036: 2025: 2011: 2007: 1996: 1980: 1976: 1958: 1954: 1947: 1931: 1927: 1890: 1883: 1842: 1838: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1811: 1809: 1800: 1799: 1795: 1782: 1781: 1774: 1765: 1763: 1754: 1753: 1749: 1736: 1735: 1731: 1722: 1720: 1713:"Mané Kermario" 1711: 1710: 1706: 1667: 1663: 1650: 1646: 1637: 1635: 1632:The Independent 1626: 1625: 1621: 1612: 1610: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1588: 1586: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1567: 1565: 1554: 1547: 1538: 1536: 1531: 1530: 1526: 1517: 1515: 1506: 1505: 1501: 1492: 1490: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1467: 1465: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1446: 1444: 1439: 1438: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1390: 1320: 1297:megalithic yard 1266: 1244: 1234: 1218:Alexander Blair 1214:Francis Ronalds 1187: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1136: 1109: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1062: 1061: 1059: 1033: 1015: 1005: 991: 984: 943: 927: 925: 921: 918: 913: 910: 908: 906: 905: 903: 893: 890:Er-Roc'h-Feutet 870: 863: 860: 851: 848: 839: 836: 827: 824: 815: 812: 803: 800: 791: 788: 779: 776: 767: 764: 755: 752: 743: 740: 731: 728: 707: 682: 680: 676: 673: 668: 665: 663: 661: 660: 658: 639:Tumulus du Ruyk 627: 621: 577: 571: 533: 527: 437:in the distance 427: 415: 388: 365: 325: 255: 169:standing stones 159:(stone tombs), 89: 75: 64: 58: 55: 45:Please help to 44: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5032: 5022: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4906:Standing stone 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4860: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4853: 4847: 4845: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4735:Bryn Celli Ddu 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4595: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4499: 4497: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4482:Trethevy Quoit 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4332:Devil's Arrows 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4268: 4266: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4249: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4233: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4200:Dolmen de Soto 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4156: 4154: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4129:Picture stones 4125: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4084: 4082:Xerez Cromlech 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4007:Anta da Estria 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3932: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3903:Xrobb l-Għaġin 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3808:Borġ l-Imramma 3800: 3798: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3790: 3785: 3783:Jersey dolmens 3779: 3777: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3742:Piper's Stones 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3632:Aideen's Grave 3629: 3624: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3591:Les Fouillages 3588: 3583: 3578: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3337:Gobustan Rocks 3333: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3323: 3318: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3297: 3296: 3289: 3282: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3219: 3213: 3212:(includes map) 3207: 3199: 3191: 3184: 3183:External links 3181: 3180: 3179: 3173: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3126: 3120: 3103: 3097: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3073: 3059: 3039: 3036:. 6 June 2023. 3025: 3022:. 8 June 2023. 3007: 2982: 2957: 2932: 2914: 2907: 2889: 2882: 2864: 2857: 2835: 2832:on 2006-05-17. 2814: 2793: 2790:on 2012-02-04. 2772: 2750: 2743: 2725: 2707: 2682: 2661: 2636: 2622: 2602: 2577: 2552: 2531: 2486: 2452: 2429: 2407: 2386: 2375: 2355: 2344:(2): 171–216. 2324: 2303: 2262: 2237: 2180: 2149: 2138: 2117: 2106: 2086: 2076: 2056: 2034: 2023: 2005: 1995:978-2848674124 1994: 1974: 1952: 1945: 1925: 1881: 1836: 1818: 1793: 1772: 1747: 1729: 1704: 1677:(315): 25–36. 1661: 1644: 1619: 1595: 1574: 1545: 1524: 1499: 1474: 1453: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1389: 1386: 1319: 1316: 1308:massive menhir 1285:Alexander Thom 1265: 1264:Other theories 1262: 1233: 1230: 1186: 1183: 1173:47.603; -3.056 1147: 1141: 1135: 1129: 1108: 1105: 1097:Alexander Thom 1084:47.625; -3.122 1058: 1053: 1032: 1027: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 990: 985: 983: 978: 970:Megalithic art 942: 937: 902: 897: 892: 887: 869: 866: 865: 864: 861: 854: 852: 849: 842: 840: 837: 830: 828: 825: 818: 816: 813: 806: 804: 802:Jadeitite axes 801: 794: 792: 790:Mané-er-Hroëck 789: 782: 780: 778:Mané-er-Hroëck 777: 770: 768: 765: 758: 756: 753: 746: 744: 741: 734: 732: 729: 722: 706: 703: 690:Also known as 657: 654: 623:Main article: 620: 617: 573:Main article: 570: 567: 529:Main article: 526: 523: 426: 423: 414: 408: 387: 381: 364: 358: 337:Alexander Thom 331:(3,822 by 328 324: 318: 254: 251: 204:Pope Cornelius 107:Stones in the 77: 76: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5031: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4981: 4979: 4972: 4969: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4805:Penrhos Feilw 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4795:Moel Tŷ Uchaf 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4760:Coetan Arthur 4758: 4756: 4755:Carreg Samson 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4720:Bedd Taliesin 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4694:Yonder Bognie 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4407:Merry Maidens 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4362:Gardom's Edge 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4327:Craddock Moor 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4222: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4139:Stone circles 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4103:Thunder Stone 4101: 4099: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3813:Borġ in-Nadur 3811: 3809: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3789: 3788:La Hougue Bie 3786: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3707:Glantane East 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3667:Brú na Bóinne 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3576:Castel Menhir 3574: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3376: 3374: 3370: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3295: 3290: 3288: 3283: 3281: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3249: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3200: 3198: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3176: 3170: 3166: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3146: 3144:0-300-06331-8 3140: 3135: 3134: 3127: 3123: 3121:0-30-005575-7 3117: 3112: 3111: 3104: 3100: 3098:2-87-747063-6 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3069: 3063: 3055: 3054: 3049: 3043: 3035: 3029: 3021: 3017: 3011: 2997:on 2012-02-05 2996: 2992: 2986: 2972:on 2008-12-27 2971: 2967: 2961: 2947:on 2012-02-05 2946: 2942: 2936: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2910: 2904: 2900: 2893: 2885: 2883:0-500-05036-8 2879: 2875: 2868: 2860: 2858:0-19-285089-X 2854: 2849: 2848: 2839: 2831: 2827: 2821: 2819: 2810: 2806: 2800: 2798: 2789: 2785: 2779: 2777: 2761: 2754: 2746: 2740: 2736: 2729: 2721: 2717: 2711: 2697:on 2007-10-24 2696: 2692: 2686: 2671: 2665: 2651:on 2012-02-05 2650: 2646: 2640: 2625: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2606: 2592:on 2012-09-29 2591: 2587: 2581: 2567:on 2012-02-04 2566: 2562: 2556: 2541: 2535: 2521:on 2012-02-04 2520: 2516: 2513:Annick Jacq. 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2476:on 2006-07-03 2475: 2471: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2433: 2426: 2421: 2420: 2411: 2404: 2399: 2398: 2390: 2383: 2378: 2376:9780691143880 2372: 2368: 2367: 2359: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2328: 2321: 2316: 2315: 2307: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2266: 2251: 2247: 2241: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2184: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2153: 2146: 2141: 2135: 2131: 2130: 2121: 2114: 2109: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2090: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2069: 2068: 2060: 2053: 2048: 2047: 2038: 2031: 2026: 2024:9780714123493 2020: 2016: 2009: 2002: 1997: 1991: 1987: 1986: 1978: 1971: 1966: 1965: 1956: 1948: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1929: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1888: 1886: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1840: 1832: 1828: 1822: 1808:on 2012-09-29 1807: 1803: 1802:"Petit Ménec" 1797: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1777: 1762:on 2007-10-24 1761: 1757: 1751: 1743: 1739: 1733: 1719:on 2006-09-23 1718: 1714: 1708: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1665: 1657: 1656: 1648: 1633: 1629: 1623: 1609: 1605: 1599: 1584: 1578: 1563: 1559: 1552: 1550: 1534: 1528: 1514:on 2011-10-03 1513: 1509: 1503: 1489:on 2012-04-15 1488: 1484: 1478: 1463: 1457: 1442: 1436: 1434: 1429: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1399:Passage grave 1397: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1385: 1382: 1381:Mr. Bricolage 1377: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1347: 1342: 1336: 1333: 1324: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1275: 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circles 338: 334: 330: 322: 317: 315: 310: 308: 304: 300: 296: 288: 285:Model of the 283: 276: 273:Model of the 271: 264: 261:Model of the 259: 250: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 229:According to 227: 225: 219: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 196: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 133:Carnac stones 125: 117: 110: 105: 98: 93: 88: 84: 73: 70: 62: 52: 48: 42: 41: 35: 30: 21: 20: 4941: 4911:Stone circle 4790:Meini Hirion 4745:Capel Garmon 4533:Giant's Ring 4462:Stanton Drew 4417:Mulfra Quoit 4382:Hordron Edge 4372:Grey Wethers 4342:Drizzlecombe 4282:Barbrook One 3878:Ta' Raddiena 3873:Ta' Marżiena 3727:Knocknakilla 3672:Carrigagulla 3586:Déhus Dolmen 3393: 3321:Zorats Karer 3163: 3151: 3132: 3109: 3088: 3062: 3051: 3042: 3028: 3019: 3010: 2999:. 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