Cartridge (firearms)

1810: 3184:: The standard Russian rifle round from the 1890s to the mid-1940s. The "R" stands for rimmed. The 7.62×54mmR rifle round is a Russian design dating back to 1891. Originally designed for the Mosin-Nagant rifle, it was used during the late Tsarist era and throughout the Soviet period, in machine guns and rifles such as the SVT-40. The Winchester Model 1895 was also chambered for this cartridge per contract with the Russian government. It is still in use by the Russian military in the Dragunov and other sniper rifles and some machine guns. The round is colloquially known as the "7.62 Russian". This name sometimes causes people to confuse this round with the "7.62 Soviet" round, which refers to the 7.62 × 39 round used in the SKS and AK-47 rifles. 2522: 1998: 2634:

require very close tolerances in the design of the chamber, bolt, and firing pin. Because that is not cost-effective method, it is necessary to keep rimfire load pressure low enough so that the stress generated by chamber pressure would not push the case rim outward and cause the rim to expand significantly. Also, the wall of the folded rim must be both thin and ductile enough to easily deform, as necessary to allow the blow from the firing pin to crush the rim, thereby igniting the primer compound, and it must do so without rupturing the case. If the rim is too thick, it will be too resistant to deformation and if it is too hard, the rim will be to brittle and crack, rather than deform.

3129:: One of the most popular long-range game hunting rounds in Europe, especially in the countries such as France and (formerly) Belgium where the possession of firearms chambered for a (former) military round is forbidden or is more heavily restricted. This round is offered by European rifle makers in both bolt-action rifles and a rimmed version. The 7×65 mmR is chambered in double and combination rifles. Another reason for its popularity is its flat trajectory, very good penetration, and high versatility, depending on what bullet and load are used. Combined with a large choice of different 7 mm bullets available the 7×64mm is used on everything from fox and 4817:

mixture. Rimfire cartridges must be made of thin metal or the firing pin cannot indent the head and explode the primer. This thin-walled cartridge case limits the pressure developed by the powder charge and consequently the weight of the bullet. If too much powder is used, there is a danger that the cartridge case will burst at the folded rim when it is fired, and that the primer flash, passing laterally across the rear of the powder charge, will not ignite a large load sufficiently to consume all of the powder before the bullet leaves the cartridge case. These limitations were overcome with the development of the centerfire cartridge....

2970:(22 LR): A round that is often used for target shooting and the hunting of small game such as squirrels. Because of the small size of this round, the smallest self-defence handguns chambered in 22 rimfire (though less effective than most centrefire handguns cartridges) can be concealed in situations where a handgun chambered for a centerfire cartridge could not. The .22 LR is the most commonly fired sporting arms cartridge, primarily because, when compared to any centerfire ammunition, .22 LR ammunition is much less expensive and because recoil generated by the light .22 bullet at modest velocity is very mild. 3375: 396: 3543: 2603:. Removing the spent primer from (decapping) these cases requires the use of a special tool because the primer anvil (on which the primer compound is crushed) is an integral part of the case and the case, therefore, does not have a central hole through which a decapping tool can push the primer out from the inside, as is done with Boxer primers. In Berdan cases, the flash holes are located to the sides of the anvil. With the right tool and components, reloading Berdan-primed cases is perfectly feasible. However, Berdan primers are not readily available in the U.S. 2506:. The original cartridges used a heeled bullet like a .22 rimfire where the bullet was the same diameter as the case. Early Colt Army .38s have a bore diameter that will allow a .357" diameter bullet to slide through the barrel. The cylinder is bored straight through with no step. Later versions used an inside the case lubricated bullet of .357" diameter instead of the original .38" with a reduction in bore diameter. The difference in .38 Special bullet diameter and case diameter reflects the thickness of the case mouth (approximately 11/1000-inch per side). The 2209: 2575: 2185: 2725: 1487: 2709: 1954: 3216:, where it is used as a very versatile hunting round on anything from small and medium game with lightweight cast lead bullets to the largest European big game with heavy soft point hunting bullets. The 9.3×62mm is also very popular in the rest of Europe for Big game, especially driven Big game hunts due to its effective stopping power on running game. And, it is the single round smaller than the 375 H&H Magnum that has routinely been allowed for legal hunting of dangerous African species. 33: 2114: 2745: 2891: 2765: 3301: 2777: 2221: 3196:: The standard German service rifle round from 1888 to 1945, the 8×57mmIS (aka 8 mm Mauser) has seen wide distribution around the globe through commercial, surplus, and military sales, and is still a popular and commonly used hunting round in most of Europe, partly because of the abundance of affordable hunting rifles in this chambering as well as a broad availability of different hunting, target, and military surplus ammunition available. 3325:, which used a caseless round in .22 caliber, was produced by the air gun company, beginning in 1968. Apparently, Daisy never considered the gun an actual firearm. In 1969, the ATF ruled it was in fact a firearm, which Daisy was not licensed to produce. Production of the guns and the ammo was discontinued in 1969. They are still available on the secondary market, mainly as collector items, as most owners report that accuracy is not very good. 253: 1901: 1495: 1479: 3584:

of a rimfire weapon of primitive design, dry firing can also cause deformation of the chamber edge. For this reason, some shooters use a snap cap in an attempt to cushion the weapon's firing pin as it moves forward. Some snap caps contain a spring-dampened fake primer, or one made of plastic, or none at all; the springs or plastic absorb force from the firing pin, allowing the user to safely test the function of the

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produced in 1839 a pepperbox revolver with a bored-through cylinder to order. Other possible claimants include Devisme of France in 1834 or 1842 who claimed to have produced a breech-loading revolver in that period though his claim was later judged as lacking in evidence by French courts and Hertog & Devos and Malherbe & Rissack of Belgium who both filed patents for breech-loading revolvers in 1853. However,

3242: 2814:(AP): A hard bullet made from steel or tungsten alloys in a pointed shape typically covered by a thin layer of lead and or a copper or brass jacket. The lead and jacket are intended to prevent barrel wear from the hard-core materials. AP bullets are sometimes less effective on unarmored targets than FMJ bullets are. This has to do with the reduced tendency of AP projectiles to yaw (turn sideways after impact). 2437:

cartridge in any obvious way. For example, the .218 Bee uses a bullet of 224/1000-inch diameter, fired through a .22-in bore, etc. The 218 and Bee portions of this cartridge name reflect nothing other than the desires of those who standardized that cartridge. Many similar examples exist, for example: .219 Zipper, .221 Fireball, .222 Remington, .256 Winchester, .280 Remington, .307 Winchester, .356 Winchester.

3222:: The 12.7×108mm round is a heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle round used by the Soviet Union, the former Warsaw Pact, modern Russia, and other countries. It is the approximate Russian equivalent of the NATO .50 BMG (12.7×99mm NATO) round. The differences between the two are the bullet shape, the types of powder used, and that the case of the 12.7×108mm is 9 mm longer and marginally more powerful. 661: 3420: 802:, have what is known as a "ghost shoulder" which has a very slightly protruding shoulder, and can be viewed as a something between a bottleneck and straight-walled case. A ghost shoulder, rather than a continuous taper on the case wall, helps the cartridge to line up concentrically with the bore axis, contributing to accuracy. The front opening of the case neck, which receives and fastens the bullet via 1026: 1860:, etc. Generally, every characteristic of a specific cartridge type is tightly controlled and few types are interchangeable in any way. Exceptions do exist but generally, these are only where a shorter cylindrical rimmed cartridge can be used in a longer chamber, (e.g., .22 Short in .22 Long Rifle chamber, .32 H&R Magnum in .327 Federal Magnum chamber, and .38 Special in a .357 Magnum chamber). 2612: 3504: 3568: 2837:, near Kolkata, developed a variation of the FMJ design where the jacket did not cover the nose of the bullet. The soft lead nose was found to expand in the flesh while the remaining jacket still prevented lead fouling in the barrel. The JSP roughly splits the difference between FMJ and JHP. It gives more penetration than JHP but has better terminal ballistic characteristics than the FMJ. 2542:. In a rimless cartridge, the cartridge head diameter is about the same as or smaller than the body diameter. The head will have a groove so the cartridge can be extracted from the chamber. Locating the cartridge in the chamber is accomplished by other means. Some rimless cartridges are necked down, and they are positioned by the cartridge's shoulder. An example is the 2757: 2698:, at one time seated on the rim, this was changed for accuracy reasons), which prevents the round from entering too far into the chamber. Some cartridges have a rim that is significantly smaller than the case body diameter. These are known as rebated-rim designs and almost always allow a handgun to fire multiple caliber cartridges with only a barrel and 2820:(FMJ): Made with a lead core surrounded by a full covering of brass, copper, or mild steel. These usually offer very little deformation or terminal performance expansion, but will occasionally yaw (turn sideways). Despite the name, an FMJ bullet typically has an exposed lead base, which is not visible in an intact cartridge. 2144:

produced a new and important industry: that of cartridge manufacture. Its essential feature is preventing gas from escaping the breech when the gun is fired, by means of an expansive cartridge case containing its own means of ignition. Previous to this invention shotguns and sporting rifles were loaded by means of

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To distinguish drill rounds and snap-caps from live rounds these are marked distinctively. Several forms of markings are used; e.g. setting colored flutes in the case, drilling holes through the case, coloring the bullet or cartridge, or a combination of these. In the case of centerfire drill rounds,

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Wadcutter (WC): Similar to the FNL, but completely cylindrical, in some instances with a slight concavity in the nose. This bullet derives its name from its popularity for target shooting, because the form factor cuts neat holes in paper targets, making scoring easier and more accurate and because it

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because White only held a patent concerning drilled cylinders and revolving mechanisms. Thus, larger caliber rimfire cartridges were soon introduced after 1857, when the Smith & Wesson .22 Short ammunition was introduced for the first time. Some of these rifle cartridges were used in the American

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1852), with the first in the world to use bored-through cylinders probably having been Lefaucheux in 1845, who invented a pepperbox-revolver loaded from the rear using bored-through cylinders. Another possible claimant for the bored-through cylinder is a Frenchman by the name of Perrin, who allegedly

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Snap caps and action-proving dummy rounds also work as a training tool to replace live rounds for loading and unloading drills, as well as training for misfires or other malfunctions, as they function identically to a live "dud" round that has not ignited. Usually, one snap-cap is usable for 300 to

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firearms of certain designs does not cause damage. A small number of rimfire and centerfire firearms of older design should not be test-fired with the chamber empty, as this can lead to weakening or breakage of the firing pin and increased wear to other components in those firearms. In the instance

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The brightly colored ECI is an inert cartridge base designed to prevent a live round from being unintentionally chambered, to reduce the chances of an accidental discharge from mechanical or operator failure. An L-shaped flag is visible from the outside so that the shooter and other people concerned

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Jacketed hollow point (JHP): Soon after the invention of the JSP, Woolwich Arsenal in Great Britain experimented with this design even further by forming a hole or cavity in the nose of the bullet while keeping most of the exterior profile intact. These bullets could theoretically deform even faster

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exists that higher pressures could not be used. Despite the relative lower chamber pressure, modern rimfire magnums are commonly found in .17-caliber (4.5 mm), .20-caliber (5mm), and .22-caliber (5.6 mm) that can generate muzzle energies comparable to smaller caliber centerfire cartridges.

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The evolving nature of warfare required a firearm that could load and fire more rapidly, resulting in the flintlock musket (and later the Baker rifle), in which the pan was covered by furrowed steel. This was struck by the flint and fired the gun. In the course of loading, a pinch of powder from the

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of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan), along with Russia and China. Steel is less expensive to make than brass, but it is far less corrosion-resistant and not feasible to reuse

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A blank is a charged cartridge that does not contain a projectile or alternatively uses a non-metallic (for instance, wooden) projectile that pulverizes when hitting a blank firing adapter. To contain the propellant, the opening where the projectile would normally be located is crimped shut, and/or

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case that was loaded to about twice the maximum chamber pressure of the.38 Special and was rapidly acceptedfor use by hunters and law enforcement officers. At the time of its introduction, .357 Magnum bullets were claimed to easily pierce the steel body panels of automobiles and crack engine blocks

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in 1836. It consisted of a thin weak shell made of brass and paper that expanded from the force of the explosion. This fit perfectly in the barrel and thus formed an efficient gas check. A small percussion cap was placed in the middle of the base of the cartridge and was ignited by means of a brass

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the primer will often be absent, its mounting hole in the base is left open. Because these are mechanically identical to live rounds, which are intended to be loaded once, fired, and then discarded, drill rounds have a tendency to become significantly worn and damaged with repeated passage through

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round. Two years prior to the NATO adoption of the 7.62×51 mm NATO T65 in 1954, Winchester (a subsidiary of the Olin Corporation) branded the round and introduced it to the commercial hunting market as the .308 Winchester. The Winchester Model 70 and Model 88 rifles were subsequently chambered for

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Round nose lead (RNL): An unjacketed lead bullet. Although largely supplanted by jacketed ammunition, this is still common for older revolver cartridges. Some hunters prefer roundnose ammunition for hunting in brush because they erroneously believe that such a bullet deflects less than sharp-nosed

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Modern centerfire cartridges are often loaded to 65,000 psi (450 MPa) maximum chamber pressure. Conversely, no commercialized rimfire has ever been loaded above 40,000 psi (280 MPa) maximum chamber pressure. However, with careful gun design and production, no fundamental reason

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Rimfire priming was a popular solution before centerfire priming was perfected. In a rimfire case, centrifugal force pushes a liquid priming compound into the internal recess of the folded rim as the manufacturer spins the case at a high rate and heats the spinning case to dry the priming compound

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There is considerable variation in cartridge nomenclature. Names sometimes reflect various characteristics of the cartridge. For example, the .308 Winchester uses a bullet of 308/1000-inch diameter and was standardized by Winchester. Conversely, cartridge names often reflect nothing related to the

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The name of any given cartridge does not necessarily reflect any cartridge or gun dimension. The name is merely the standardized and accepted moniker. SAAMI (Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute) and the European counterpart (CIP) and members of those organizations specify correct

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improved the Lefaucheux pinfire cardboard cartridge and patented in Paris in 1846, the first fully metallic pinfire cartridge containing powder in a metallic cartridge. He also included in his patent claims rim and centerfire primed cartridges using brass or copper casings. Houllier commercialised

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Probably no invention connected with firearms has wrought such changes in the principle of gun construction as those effected by the "expansive cartridge case". This invention has completely revolutionized the art of gun making, has been successfully applied to all descriptions of firearms and has

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primer type (Boxer or Berdan, see below) is interchangeable, although not in the same case. Deviation in any of these specifications can result in firearm damage and, in some instances, injury or death. Similarly, the use of the wrong type of cartridge in any given gun can damage the gun, or cause

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when a blank fired behind a bullet that was stuck in the bore drove that bullet through his abdomen and into his spine. The gun had not been properly deactivated and a primed case with a bullet instead of a dummy had been used previously. Someone pulled the trigger and the primer drove the bullet

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passing through the breech block. Other European powers adopted breech-loading military rifles from 1866 to 1868, with paper instead of metallic cartridge cases. The original Eley-Boxer cartridge case was made of thin-coiled brass—occasionally these cartridges could break apart and jam the breech

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rifle) were produced similarly to the paper cartridges, with sides made from thick paper, but with copper (later brass) foil supporting the base of the cartridge and some more details in it holding the primer. In the 1870s, brass foil covered all of the cartridge, and the technology to make solid

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The rimfire cartridge, which was used so successfully in the Henry and the Model 66, was limited to relatively weak loads of powder and comparatively lightweight bullets. These limitations, which still apply, came from the construction of the rimfire cartridge and from the action of the priming

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Drill rounds are inert versions of cartridges used for education and practice during military training. Other than the lack of propellant and primer, these are the same size as normal cartridges and will fit into the mechanism of a gun in the same way as a live cartridge does. Because dry-firing

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Total metal jacket (TMJ): Featured in some Speer cartridges, the TMJ bullet has a lead core completely and seamlessly enclosed in brass, copper or other jacket metal, including the base. According to Speer's literature, this prevents hot propellant gases from vaporizing lead from the base of the

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Many governments and companies continue to develop caseless ammunition (where the entire case assembly is either consumed when the round fires or whatever remains is ejected with the bullet). So far, none has been successful enough to reach the civilian market and gain commercial success. Even

2976:: A very popular round for medium to long range small game and varmint hunting, pest control, and target shooting. The 22–250 is one of the most popular rounds for fox hunting and other pest control in Western Europe due to its flat trajectory and very good accuracy on rabbit to fox-sized pests. 2633:

Compared to modern centerfire cases used in the strongest types of modern guns, existing rimfire cartridge designs use loads that generate relatively low chamber pressures because of limitations of feasible gun design, as the rim has little or no lateral support from the gun. Such support would

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However, this big leap forward came at a price: it introduced an extra component into each round – the cartridge case – which had to be removed before the gun could be reloaded. While a flintlock, for example, is immediately ready to reload once it has been fired, adopting brass cartridge cases

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military firearms, probably more often than for sporting shooting, the base of the cartridge being ripped or bitten off by the soldier, the powder poured into the barrel, and the paper and bullet rammed down the barrel. In the Civil War era cartridge, the paper was supposed to be discarded, but

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The "Tround" ("Triangular Round") was a unique type of cartridge designed in 1958 by David Dardick, for use in specially designed Dardick 1100 and Dardick 1500 open-chamber firearms. As their name suggests, Trounds were triangular in cross-section and were made of plastic or aluminum, with the

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In the mid to late 19th century, many rimfire cartridge designs existed. Today only a few, mostly for use in small-caliber guns, remain in general and widespread use. These include the .17 Mach II, .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (HMR), 5mm Remington Magnum (Rem Mag), .22 (BB, CB, Short, Long, Long

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refused this innovation. White left Colt, went to Smith & Wesson to rent a license for his patent, and this is how the S&W Model 1 saw the light of day in 1857. The patent didn't definitely expire until 1870, allowing Smith & Wesson competitors to design and commercialize their own

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rifle. Most commercial loadings of this cartridge are constrained by the possibility that someone might attempt to fire a modern loading in a vintage rifle or replica. However, current production rifles from Marlin, Ruger, and Browning can accept loads that generate nearly twice the pressure

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Around 1870, machined tolerances had improved to the point that the cartridge case was no longer necessary to seal a firing chamber. Precision-faced bolts would seal as well, and could be economically manufactured. However, normal wear and tear proved this system to be generally infeasible.

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engages the rim by hooking. A "semi-rimmed" cartridge is essentially a rimless one but the rim diameter is slightly larger than the case body, and a "rebated rimless" cartridge is one with the rim smaller in diameter. All such cartridges' headspace on the case mouth (although some, such as

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actually has a nominal bullet diameter of 0.3570 inches (9.07 mm) (jacketed) or 0.3580 inches (9.09 mm) (lead) while the case has a nominal diameter of 0.3800 inches (9.65 mm), hence the name. This is historically logical: the hole drilled through the chambers of .36-caliber

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advantage. Conversely, steel is more susceptible to contamination and damage so all such cases are varnished or otherwise sealed against the elements. One downside caused by the increased strength of steel in the neck of these cases (compared to the annealed neck of a brass case) is that

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was easily accomplished by replacing the powder pan with a perforated nipple and by replacing the cock or hammer that held the flint with a smaller hammer that had a hollow to fit on the nipple when released by the trigger. The shooter placed a percussion cap (now made of three parts of

3095:(12.7×99 mm NATO): Originally designed to destroy aircraft in the First World War, this round still serves an anti-materiel round against light armor. It is used in heavy machine guns and high-powered sniper rifles. Such rifles can be used, amongst other things, for destroying military 2867:

Semi-wadcutter (SWC) identical to the WC with a smaller diameter flap pointed conical or radiused nose added. Has the same advantages for target shooters but is easier to load into the gun and works more reliably in semi-automatic guns. This design is also superior for some hunting

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The primary purpose of using a cartridge is to offer a handy pre-assembled "all-in-one" package that is convenient to handle and transport, easily loaded into the breech (rear end) of the barrel, as well as preventing potential propellant loss, contamination or degradation from

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and firing mechanisms, and must be frequently inspected to ensure that these are not so degraded as to be unusable. For example, the cases can become torn or misshapen and snag on moving parts, or the bullet can become separated and stay in the breech when the case is ejected.

3477:, although later systems used a "bullet trap" design that captures a bullet from a conventional round, speeding deployment. This also negates the risk of mistakenly firing a live bullet into the rifle grenade, causing it to instantly explode instead of propelling it forward. 2881:

bans the use of expanding projectiles against the military forces of other nations. Some countries accept this as a blanket ban against the use of expanding projectiles against anyone, while others use JSP and HP against non-military forces such as terrorists and criminals.

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introduced a rifle and paper cartridge (containing everything but the primer) system. When new, these guns had significant gas leaks at the chamber end, and with use these leaks progressively worsened. This problem plagues caseless cartridges and gun systems to this day.

3170:: This was the standard NATO rifle round until its replacement by the 5.56×45mm. It is currently the standard NATO sniper rifle and medium machinegun chambering. In the 1950s, it was the standard NATO round for rifles, but recoil and weight proved problematic for the new 997:

gas can blow back past the neck and leak into the chamber. Constituents of these gases condense on the (relatively cold) chamber wall, and this solid propellant residue can make extraction of fired cases difficult. This is less of a problem for small arms of the former

1180:, is often placed at the base of a lead bullet to decrease lead deposits by protecting the rear of the bullet against melting when fired at higher pressures, but this too does not work at higher velocities. A modern solution is to cover the bare lead in a protective 2068:, sulfur, and charcoal, which ignited by concussion. This invention was gradually developed, and used, first in a steel cap, and then in a copper cap, by various gunmakers and private individuals before coming into general military use nearly thirty years later. 2100:

occur during this process, either through a failure to extract a case properly from the chamber or by allowing the extracted case to jam the action. Nineteenth-century inventors were reluctant to accept this added complication and experimented with a variety of

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are instantly aware of the situation of the weapon. The ECI is usually tethered to its weapon by a short string and can be quickly ejected to make way for a live round if the situation suddenly warrants it. This safety device is standard-issue in the

2656:, where the external diameter of the case is the same as the diameter of the forward portion of the bullet and where the rearward portion of the bullet, which extends into the case, is necessarily smaller in diameter than the main body of the bullet. 1780:

Due to their small size and charge load, primers lack the power to shoot out the projectile by themselves, but can still put out enough energy to separate the bullet from the casing and push it partway into the barrel – a dangerous condition called a

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Where two numbers are used in a cartridge name, the second number may reflect a variety of things. Frequently the first number reflects bore diameter (inches or millimeters). The second number reflects case length (in inches or mm). For example, the

2176:(among many others) of revolver handguns that used metal cartridges helped establish cartridge firearms as the standard in the United States by the late 1860s and early 1870s, although many continue to use percussion revolvers well after that. 2381:

with the unwound remains of the case upon firing. Later the solid-drawn, centerfire cartridge case, made of one entire solid piece of tough hard metal, an alloy of copper, with a solid head of thicker metal, has been generally substituted.

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Cartridge manufacture; a treatise covering the manufacture of rifle cartridge cases, bullets, powders, primers and cartridge clips, and the designing and making of the tools used in connection with the production of cartridge cases and

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long-action cartridges, with a COL between 85 and 91 mm (3.34 and 3.6 in), including some of the long-action cartridges with a case head larger than 13 mm (.50 in) diameter, which is most commonly exemplified by the

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for the main powder charge in the barrel. The disadvantage Is that the flash pan cAN still be exposed to the outside, making it difficult (or even impossible) to fire the gun in rainy or humid conditions as wet gunpowder burns poorly.

953:. The head of a brass case can be work-hardened to withstand the high pressures, and allow for manipulation via extraction and ejection without rupturing. The neck and body portion of a brass case is easily annealed to make the case 797:

of the gun that fires it, and the "neck", "shoulder", and "body" of a bottleneck cartridge have corresponding counterparts in the chamber known as the "chamber neck", "chamber shoulder", and "chamber body". Some cartridges, like the

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Schematic of an Advanced Primer Blowback operation using a rebated rim cartridge (bottlenecked). The rebated rim allows the bolt to enter the chamber with the round to be fired in forward travel just before the cartridge in-battery

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brought in the problems of extraction and ejection. The mechanism of a modern gun must not only load and fire the piece but also provide a method of removing the spent case, which might require just as many added moving parts. Many

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this round. Since then, the 308 Winchester has become the most popular short-action big-game hunting round worldwide. It is also commonly used for civilian and military target events, military sniping, and police sharpshooting.

3190:(32 ACP): A very small pistol round. However, this was the predominant Police Service round in Europe until the mid-1970s. The "SR" stands for semi-rimmed, meaning the case rim is slightly larger than the case body diameter. 3715: 2375:

breech-loaders on the Snider principle. This consisted of a block opening on a hinge, thus forming a false breech against which the cartridge rested. The priming cap was in the base of the cartridge and was discharged by a

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has evidence dating their use to 1591. Capo Bianco wrote in 1597 that paper cartridges had long been in use by Neapolitan soldiers. Their use became widespread by the 17th century. The 1586 round consisted of a charge of

2645:(.22 Long Rifle) accounts for the vast majority of all rimfire ammunition produced. Standard .22 LR rounds use an essentially pure lead bullet plated with a typical 95% copper, 5% zinc combination. These are offered in 1541:, where it could start a "priming" ignition by an external source, when ignited the flame passed through a small hole in the side of the barrel to ignite the main gunpowder charge. The last evolution was to use a small 2830:

and expand to a larger diameter than the JSP. In personal defense use, concerns have arisen over whether clothing, especially heavy materials like denim, can clog the cavity of JHP bullets and cause expansion failures.

5062: 1659:" against the hammer strike and a transfer port for the sparks created by crushing the cap, and was easier and quicker to load, more resilient to weather conditions, and more reliable than the preceding flintlocks. 3285:

loaded with No. 12 shot. From a standard rifle these can produce effective patterns only to a distance of about 3 metres (10 ft) – but in a smoothbore shotgun this can extend as far as 15 metres (50 ft).

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pin projecting from the side and struck by the hammer. This pin also afforded the means of extracting the cartridge case. This cartridge was introduced in England by Lang, of Cockspur Street, London, about 1845.

2060:) in 1842, a quarter of a century after the invention of percussion powder and after an elaborate government test at Woolwich in 1834. The invention that made the percussion cap possible was patented by the Rev. 2048:

Later developments rendered this method of priming unnecessary, as, in loading, a portion of the charge of powder passed from the barrel through the vent into the pan, where it was held by the cover and hammer.

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soldiers often used it as a wad. To ignite the charge an additional step was required where a finer-grained powder called priming powder was poured into the pan of the gun to be ignited by the firing mechanism.

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also in 1866, are more complex and have an internal tripedal "anvil" built into the primer itself, and the corresponding case has only a single large central flash hole. Commercially, Boxer primers dominate the

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Blanks are used in training, but do not always cause a gun to behave the same as live ammunition does; recoil is always far weaker, and some automatic guns only cycle correctly when the gun is fitted with a

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The shape of a bottleneck cartridge case (e.g. body diameter, shoulder slant angle and position, and neck length) also affects the amount of attainable pressure inside the case, which in turn influences the

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gun, for convenient transportation and handling during shooting. Although in popular usage the term "bullet" is often used to refer to a complete cartridge, the correct usage only refers to the projectile.

4711: 2826:: Copper jackets filled with bird shot and covered by a crimped polymer endcap. Upon impact with flesh, the projectile is supposed to fragment, with the birdshot spreading like a miniature shotgun pattern. 1826:

cases, in which the metallic cartridges described below were developed, but before the 1880s, it was far too expensive and time-consuming for mass production and the metallurgy was not yet perfected.

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and washed before moving to the next series of dies. The brass needs to be annealed to remove the work-hardening in the material and make the brass malleable again ready for the next series of dies.

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primer powder (the major innovation of Pauly), a round bullet and either brass or paper casing. The cartridge was loaded through the breech and fired with a needle. The needle-activated centerfire

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evolved from the .38 Special. The .357 was named to reflect bullet diameter (in thousandths inch), not case diameter. "Magnum" was used to indicate its longer case and higher operating pressure.

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Cartridges are classified by some major characteristics. One classification is the location of the primer. Early cartridges began with the pinfire, then the rimfire, and finally the centerfire.

840:

to engage. Depending on whether and how the rim protrudes beyond the maximum case body diameter, the case can be classified as either "rimmed", "semi-rimmed", "rimless", "rebated", or "belted".

3228:: The 14.5×114 mm is a heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle round used by the Soviet Union, the former Warsaw Pact, modern Russia, and other countries. Its most common use is in the 3008:(7.62×63 mm): The standard US Army rifle round for the first half of the 20th century. It is a full-power rifle round suitable for hunting most North American game and most big game worldwide. 3157:: The standard Soviet/ComBloc rifle round from the mid-1940s to the mid-1970s, this is easily one of the most widely distributed rounds in the world due to the distribution of the ubiquitous 2384:

Centerfire cartridges with solid-drawn metallic cases containing their own means of ignition are almost universally used in all modern varieties of military and sporting rifles and pistols.

922:("standard-action") cartridges, are usually traditional full-powered rifle cartridges with a COL between 71 and 85 mm (2.8 and 3.34 in), which is most commonly exemplified by the 2084:

and powdered glass) on the nipple. The detonating cap thus invented and adopted brought about the invention of the modern cartridge case, and rendered possible the general adoption of the

2780:

A cutaway showing a Japanese Navy 7.7 mm rimmed rounds as fired by the Type 92 and Type 97 machine guns—copies of Vickers and Lewis designs. The round is effectively interchangeable with

1722:). Today, only the centerfire and rimfire have survived as the mainstream primer designs, while the pinfire also still exists but only in rare novelty miniature guns and a few very small 4685: 1764:

in 1866, are a simple capsule, and the corresponding case has two small flash holes with a bulged bar in between, which serves as the "anvil" for the primer. Boxer primers, patented by

628:. The spent cartridge, with its projectile and propellant gone but the case still containing a used-up primer, then gets ejected from the gun to clear room for a subsequent new round. 3835: 1887:

Bullet diameter is measured either as a fraction of an inch (usually in 1/100 or in 1/1000) or in millimeters. Cartridge case length can also be designated in inches or millimeters.

3202:: Invented for the German military at the turn of the 20th century, the wide distribution of the 9×19mm Parabellum round made it the logical choice for the NATO standard pistol and 1537:

into the barrel, which was slow and subjected to disturbance from environmental conditions. The next evolution was to have a small separate charge of finer gunpowder poured into a

988:

cartridge cases to be disposable, single-use devices. However, the mass of the cartridges can affect how much ammunition a soldier can carry, so the lighter steel cases do have a

2502:

cap-and-ball revolvers when converting those to work with cartridges was 0.3800 inches (9.65 mm), and the cartridge made to work in those revolvers was logically named the

1105:, the projectile is the effector component of the cartridge, and is actually responsible for reaching, impacting, and exerting damage onto a target. The word "projectile" is an 1252:

or training situations, where killing or even wounding a target at all would be undesirable. Such projectiles are usually made from softer and lower-density materials, such as

3046:: designed for hunting African big game in the early 20th century and legislated as the minimum diameter rifle caliber for African big game hunting during the mid-20th century 773:, almost all modern cartridges use metallic casing. The modern metallic case can either be a "bottleneck" one, whose frontal portion near the end opening (known as the "case 5058: 4489: 4113: 3556: 2487:-inch long case). Other times, a similar three-number system indicated bore (caliber), charge (grains), and bullet weight (grains). The 45-70-500 Government is an example. 2008:

have been in use for centuries, with a number of sources dating their usage as far back as the late 14th and early 15th centuries. Historians note their use by soldiers of

4913: 863:

can also be grouped according to the case dimensions of a cartridge, this is usually referring to the cartridge's overall length (COL), which in turn dictates the minimal

4462: 1809: 4168: 4061: 4087: 3854: 4139: 2592:

A centerfire cartridge has a centrally located primer held within a recess in the case head. Most centerfire brass cases used worldwide for sporting ammunition use

4422: 3679: 4707: 4443: 4400: 3719: 2033:

had his troops use cartridges in the 1600s. The paper formed a cylinder with twisted ends; the ball was at one end, and the measured powder filled the rest.

600:

between the projectile (e.g. bullet) and the case neck, the projectile will detach from the case and, pushed by the expanding high-pressure gases behind it,

4737: 3922: 3696:

CARTRIDGE: A single round of ammunition consisting of the case, primer and propellant with or without one or more projectiles. Also applies to a shotshell.

2445:

refers to a bore diameter of 7.62 mm and has an overall case length of 51 mm, with a total length of 71.1 mm. The commercial version is the

1674:, invented not long after the percussion cap, the primer was located deep inside the cartridge just behind the bullet, requiring a very thin and elongated 933: 4833: 6951: 2290: 1884:

with the NATO cross) may present an unsafe combination when loaded into a weapon chambered for a cartridge certified by one of the other testing bodies.

2534:). Rimmed cartridges are located with the rim near the cartridge head; the rim is also used to extract the cartridge from the chamber. Examples are the 2649:

and subsonic types, as well as target shooting, plinking, and hunting versions. These cartridges are usually coated with hard wax for fouling control.

3405:

They are meant to prevent pollution and are mostly biodegradable (metals being the exception) or fully. They are also meant to be used on older guns.

1698:

in 1866. After the metallic cartridge was invented, the primer was relocated backward to the base of the case, either at the center of the case head (

1323: 1306:". When fired, the wadding is launched from the gun as a payload-carrying projectile, loosens and opens itself up after exiting the barrel, and then 2689:

cartridge is "rimless", where the rim is of the same diameter as the case body but separated by a circumferential groove in between, into which the

2429:. The "-'06" means it was introduced in 1906. In sporting arms, the only consistent definition of "caliber" is bore diameter, and dozens of unique 1326:

and other organizations campaigning for the phasing out of traditional lead shot. There are also unconventional projectile fillings such as bundled

1017:

easily during firing and resizing. Some calibers also have non-standard primer sizes to discourage reloaders from attempting to reuse these cases.

7474: 3735:

Cartridge – Cartouche: A means to fire a propellant charge by means of a percussion device, with or without a projectile, all contained in a case.

2864:

typically cuts a larger hole than a round nose bullet, a hit centered at the same spot can touch the next smaller ring and therefore score higher.

624:. The case, which had been elastically expanded by high pressure, contracts slightly, which eases its removal from the chamber when pulled by the 7263: 7021: 3780: 5010: 191:); or inside the walls on the fold of the case base that is shaped like a cup (cupfire); or in a sideways projection that is shaped like a pin ( 4681: 2148:

and shot bags or flasks, bullets, wads, and copper caps, all carried separately. One of the earliest efficient modern cartridge cases was the

2045:

cartridge would be placed into the pan as priming, before the rest of the cartridge was rammed down the barrel, providing charge and wadding.

5087: 4509: 2958: 1418:

nature of the reaction. These combustion gases become highly pressurized in a confined space—such as the cartridge casing (reinforced by the

3832: 3389:

cartridge completely encasing the powder and projectile. The Tround design was also produced as a cartridge adaptor, to allow conventional

293: 3996: 7167: 4533: 3145:

equivalent to the North American black bear. The 7×64mm essentially duplicates the performance of the 270 Winchester and 280 Remington.

2140:

gun would become a major feature of firearms thereafter. Pauly made an improved version, protected by a patent, on 29 September 1812.

1737:, which is crushed between the firing pin and the edge of the barrel breech (serving as the "anvil"). These ammunitions are thus not 4035: 2278:

substance contained in the cartridge is the percussion cap. In English-speaking countries, the 6mm Flobert cartridge corresponds to

1184:, as seen in some rimfire ammunitions. Another solution is to encase a lead core within a thin exterior layer of harder metal (e.g. 3579:

is a device that is shaped like a standard cartridge but contains no primer, propellant, or projectile. It is used to ensure that

3099:

such as sensitive parts of grounded aircraft and armored transports. Civilian shooters use these for long-distance target shooting.

4663: 2317:, had been the first in America to conceive the idea of having the revolver cylinder bored through to accept metallic cartridges ( 1176:

can reduce such fouling, but grows less effective as velocities are increased. A cup made of harder metal (e.g. copper), called a

7411: 6477: 4552: 4109: 2559: 4970:

The Machine Gun: History, Evolution and Development of Manually Operated, Full Automatic, and Power Driven Aircraft Machine Guns

7468: 4924: 3655:

The US did not sign the complete Hague Convention of 1899 in any case, but still follows its guidelines in military conflicts.

3521:(releasing the firing pin with an empty chamber) a gun can sometimes lead to firing pin (striker) damage, dummy rounds termed 2255:, a feature integral to a successful breech-loading cartridge, Pauly died before it was converted to percussion cap ignition. 1840:

Manufacturing bullet jackets is similar to making brass cases: there is a series of drawing steps with annealing and washing.

4989: 4954: 4898: 4879: 4860: 4610: 4578: 4057: 3980: 3760: 3636: 1918: 495:'s energy (carried inside the cartridge itself) and cyclically load new rounds of ammunition to allow quick repeated firing. 3115:: Adopted by the US military in the 1960s, it later became the NATO standard rifle round in the early 1980s, displacing the 2270:" for this cartridge, as these rifles and pistols were designed to be shot in indoor shooting parlors in large homes. These 1785:. Firing a fresh cartridge behind a squib load obstructing the barrel will generate dangerously high pressure, leading to a 702:

The main defining component of the cartridge is the case, which gives the cartridge its shape and serves as the integrating

7518: 7426: 7301: 4205: 4083: 3851: 2708: 2105:

or self-consuming cartridges before finally accepting that the advantages of brass cases far outweighed this one drawback.

416:

firearms. Prior to its invention, the projectiles and propellant were carried separately and had to be individually loaded

2724: 2521: 2266:

in 1845. His cartridge consisted of a percussion cap with a bullet attached to the top. Flobert then made what he called "

852:

are often made by reshaping the case of an existing cartridge. Straight-sided cartridges are less prone to rupturing than

4135: 2845:, regardless of the fact that this belief has been repeatedly proven not to be true. Refer to American Rifleman magazine. 2309:

was the first American breech-loading firearm, but it used pinfire cartridges, not rimfire. Formerly, an employee of the

5036: 4639: 4486: 4419: 3675: 1997: 1310:

releases the contained shots as a hail of sub-projectiles. Shotgun shots are usually made from bare lead, though copper/

5144: 4809: 4459: 4363: 4235: 3314: 2878: 2871:

Truncated cone: Also known as round nose flat point, etc. Descriptive of typical modern commercial cast bullet designs.

2562:

need such a case because the case moves during firing (i.e., it is not located at a fixed position). An example is the

1756:

Centerfire primers are a separately manufactured component, seated into a central recess at the case base known as the

4438: 4397: 3810: 7479: 7258: 7253: 4759: 4383: 3953: 3708: 2982:: One of the most popular big game hunting rounds of all time. Also, as a long-range sniping round, it is favored by 2132:. Pauly created the first fully self-contained cartridges: the cartridges incorporated a copper base with integrated 1940: 7206: 7184: 6791: 5298: 4708:"An example of a Benjamin Houllier gun manufactured in association with the gunsmiths Blanchard and Charles Robert" 4300:, pp. 2–3 indicates the period 1611–1632 and states the improved cartridge increased the rate of fire for the 3616: 3078:

and adopted by the US Army in 1873. Other 45-calibre single-action and double-action revolvers also use this round.

3043: 1794: 1715: 938: 706:

for other functional components, it acts as a container for the propellant powders and also serves as a protective

82:, which provides the extractor on the firearm a place to grip the casing to remove it from the chamber once fired; 5724: 4733: 3919: 2310: 2013: 341: 3831:

Johnson, S. (2013, January 10). Extreme polymer research’s polymer handgun cartridge cases -. The Firearm Blog.

2679:

control (to keep the cartridge from moving too far forward into the chamber) and to facilitate easy extraction.

1829:

To manufacture cases for cartridges, a sheet of brass is punched into disks. These disks go through a series of

87: 7399: 7340: 7218: 7189: 7141: 6971: 6926: 6813: 6601: 5426: 4829: 3621: 2009: 1922: 1269: 167:

Cartridges can be categorized by the type of primer. This can be accomplished by igniting a small charge of an

7228: 6384: 1593:. When the primer powder starts combusting, the flame is transferred through an internal touch hole called a 285: 6569: 2626:

mixture in place within the hollow cavity formed within the rim fold at the perimeter of the case interior.

2092:. This greatly streamlined the reloading procedure and paved the way for semi- and full-automatic firearms. 7464: 7448: 7313: 7268: 3366:, which is itself relatively strong and inert. The bullet and primer were glued into the propellant block. 2286:

ammunition. These cartridges have a relatively low muzzle velocity of around 700 ft/s (210 m/s).

3525:

are designed to protect centerfire guns from possible damage during "dry-fire" trigger control practices.

7484: 7443: 7382: 7194: 6008: 5862: 5854: 5617: 3833:

https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2011/09/23/extreme-polymer-researchs-polymer-handgun-cartridge-cases/

3631: 3336:, which shot a 4.73×33 square caseless round. The round was mechanically fired, with an integral primer. 2328: 2030: 3074:: a more powerful 45-calibre revolver round using a longer cartridge. The .45 Colt was designed for the 2251:

in the first decades of the 19th century. However, although it was the first cartridge to use a form of

1880:

for military cartridges for its member nations; due to differences in testing methods, NATO cartridges (

7438: 6981: 6564: 5186: 5161: 3878: 3611: 2582:

produces a notch at the edge of the rim; a centerfire pin produces a divot in the center of the primer.

912:

with a COL between 57 and 71 mm (2.25 and 2.8 in), which is most commonly exemplified by the

17: 6626: 5004: 3776: 199:). Only small-caliber rimfire cartridges and centerfire cartridges have survived into the modern day. 7323: 6946: 6482: 5570: 2596:. It is easy to remove and replace Boxer primers using standard reloading tools, facilitating reuse. 2302: 1695: 1518:

and thus impractical to be directly lighted from the outside, an intermediate is needed to relay the

1160:. However, at speeds greater than 300 m/s (980 ft/s), pure lead will melt more and deposit 1044: 3355:. The direct electrical firing eliminates the mechanical delays associated with a striker, reducing 1013:

Aluminum-cased cartridges are available commercially. These are generally not reloaded, as aluminum

789:") in between; or a "straight-walled" one, where there is no narrowed neck and the whole case looks 243:; and one that ignited but failed to sufficiently push the projectile out of the barrel is called a 7089: 6883: 6606: 6226: 6028: 3626: 2983: 2817: 1064: 826:

as it is the most prominent and frequently the widest part of the case. There is a circumferential

689: 527: 149: 5084: 4505: 4378:

Winant, Lewis (1959). Early Percussion Firearms. Great Britain: Herbert Jenkins Ltd. pp. 145–146.

7079: 6878: 6519: 6460: 5824: 5809: 5683: 5438: 5294: 4784: 4594: 4288:, p. 2-3, stating "1590. Cartridges with ball and power combined were introduced for small arms." 3075: 2332: 1911: 977: 932:

cartridges, are usually rifle cartridges that are both longer and more powerful than traditional

909: 566:

that travels into the case and ignites the main propellant charge within, causing the powders to

484: 129: 3850:

Beckstrand, T. (2018, October 16). True velocity’s new polymer-cased ammunition. Guns and Ammo.

3592:

400 clicks. After that, due to the hole at the false primer, the firing pin does not reach it.

1706:), inside a cup-like concavity of the case base (cupfire), in a pin-shaped sideways projection ( 596:

it against the chamber wall. When the pressure builds up sufficiently to overcome the fastening

7345: 7308: 7084: 6596: 6359: 6236: 6114: 6077: 5760: 5637: 5497: 5433: 5198: 5137: 4682:"An example of a Benjamin Houllier gun manufactured in association with the gunsmith Blanchard" 3085: 2979: 2849: 2193: 2061: 2029:" from its use in these cartridges. Another source states the cartridge appeared in 1590. King 1834: 1789:

and potentially causing severe injuries when the gun blows apart in the shooter's hands. Actor

1617: 1241: 887: 685: 4598: 4000: 3970: 3943: 2377: 1450:

friction between the projectile and the case, the projectile separates from the case and gets

7016: 6941: 6911: 6636: 6445: 6033: 6013: 5597: 5514: 5421: 3748: 3552: 3305: 3229: 3148: 2995: 2811: 2686: 2587: 2563: 2555: 2259: 2085: 1861: 1818: 1606: 1215: 1003: 703: 4530: 3900: 2554:

has a larger diameter band of thick metal near the head of the cartridge. An example is the

2464:

has a .50-inch bore and used a nominal charge of 90.0 grains (5.83 g) of black powder.

2327:

revolving breech-loaders using metallic cartridges. Famous models of that time are the Colt

395: 7064: 7036: 6544: 6283: 6176: 5978: 5911: 4301: 3467: 3457: 2802: 2690: 2676: 2531: 2368: 2364: 2168:, was introduced and produced in large numbers. It could be loaded with either a ball or a 2129: 1853: 1786: 1769: 1490:

Comparison of primer ignition between centerfire (left two) and rimfire (right) ammunitions

950: 837: 710:

against the elements; it attaches the projectile either at the front end of the cartridge (

625: 27:

Pre-assembled firearm ammunition consisting of a casing, projectile, propellant, and primer

3542: 3433: 3374: 3304:

An example of caseless ammunition. This disassembled round, the 4.73×33mm, is used in the

3199: 2923: 2911: 2860:

produce a similar version that they call TFMJ, with a separate end cap of jacket material.

665: 8: 7513: 7174: 7157: 7059: 7001: 6723: 6706: 6524: 6467: 6455: 6450: 6428: 6314: 6278: 6181: 6156: 6119: 6057: 5973: 5482: 3530: 3295: 3158: 2857: 2699: 2669: 2340: 2213: 2208: 2172:. After that war, many were converted to the use of metal cartridges. The development by 2097: 1777:

market due to the ease of depriming and the ability to transfer sparks more efficiently.

1467: 1411: 1134: 1130: 864: 856:, in particular with higher pressure propellant when used in blowback-operated firearms. 853: 601: 203: 196: 5122: 4646:

of the official website (in French) of a modern indoor shooting association in Belgium,

4028: 3852:

https://www.gunsandammo.com/editorial/true-velocitys-new-polymer-cased-ammunition/247607

3193: 2052:

The next important advance in the method of ignition was the introduction of the copper

1043:

Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the

7389: 7335: 7296: 6996: 6986: 6798: 6786: 6404: 6186: 5993: 5963: 5627: 5349: 4660: 3447:

This sealing material can still potentially cause harm at extremely close range. Actor

3352: 3005: 2823: 2793:

loaded with multiple metallic "shot", which are small, generally spherical projectiles.

2672: 2620: 2574: 2543: 2426: 2263: 2241: 2161: 2153: 2077: 2065: 1877: 1822: 1746: 1730: 1703: 1687: 1419: 1382: 1315: 1157: 1014: 989: 923: 794: 531: 499: 373: 215: 188: 156: 141: 4603:

Cartridges of the World: A Complete and Illustrated Reference for Over 1500 Cartridges

4549: 3112: 3106: 3068:: The standard US pistol round for about 75 years. Typical .45 ACP loads are subsonic. 3025: 2999: 1868:

Cartridge specifications are determined by several standards organizations, including

1797:

was believed to be caused by an undetected squib that was dislodged and shot out by a

1346: 7106: 7101: 7054: 6991: 6976: 6771: 6574: 6539: 6394: 6354: 6302: 6134: 6018: 5774: 5698: 5668: 5632: 5622: 5580: 5414: 5165: 5130: 4805: 4606: 4574: 4420:

http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/HistoryTechnology/pdf_hi/SSHT-0011.pdf

4379: 4359: 4231: 3976: 3949: 3756: 3448: 3414: 3344: 3333: 3329: 3081: 2991: 2973: 2403: 2248: 2173: 2149: 2133: 2125: 2081: 1798: 1683: 1663: 1648: 1598: 1582: 1546: 1530: 1435: 1403: 1343: 1237: 1114: 1102: 872: 849: 815: 755: 707: 605: 585: 555: 551: 539: 488: 457: 445: 223: 172: 168: 3427: 3343:

of Austria began selling a gun and caseless ammunition. Their system used a primer,

3167: 2490:

Often, the name reflects the company or individual who standardized it, such as the

2442: 2301:, specially conceived for the first American revolver using rimfire cartridges, the 2184: 2124:

The first integrated cartridge was developed in Paris in 1808 by the Swiss gunsmith

1760:, and have two types: Berdan and Boxer. Berdan primers, patent by American inventor 1038: 875:, into either "mini-action", "short-action", "long-action" ("standard-action"), or " 681: 498:

To perform a firing, the round is first inserted into a "ready" position within the

7433: 7350: 7288: 7137: 7031: 6931: 6921: 6888: 6823: 6529: 6389: 6273: 6171: 6166: 5988: 5936: 5794: 5784: 5714: 5655: 5526: 5252: 5157: 3084:: Adopted by the US Army in 1873 as their standard service rifle cartridge for the 2848:

Flat nose lead (FNL): Similar to round nose lead, with a flattened nose. Common in

2842: 2668:

cartridges are rimmed at the base of the case, which seats against the edge of the

2546:. Pistol cartridges may be located by the end of the brass case. An example is the 2229: 1503: 1370: 1331: 1299: 1231: 1227: 876: 735: 621: 612:. After the bullet exits the barrel, the gases are released to the surroundings as 472: 349: 137: 125: 5112: 4251:

Metschl, John (1928). "The Rudolph J. Nunnemacher Collection of Projectile Arms".

2558:. An extreme version of the rimless cartridge is the rebated case; guns employing 1486: 7421: 7416: 7223: 7213: 7096: 7074: 6803: 6589: 6534: 6258: 6067: 5941: 5926: 5906: 5719: 5587: 5504: 5487: 5450: 5387: 5377: 5091: 4667: 4643: 4556: 4537: 4493: 4466: 4447: 4426: 4404: 4199: 3926: 3858: 3839: 3275: 3274:. Snake shot is generally used for shooting at snakes, rodents, birds, and other 3021: 2834: 2446: 2169: 2026: 2017: 2005: 1765: 1723: 1691: 1671: 1644: 1628:

in 1814, which was further developed in 1822 by the English-born American artist

1463: 1447: 1439: 1407: 913: 868: 860: 803: 770: 766: 609: 523: 365: 357: 228: 195:) or a lip (lipfire); or in a small bulge shaped like a nipple at the case base ( 145: 4228:

The Art of Chivalry: European Arms and Armor from the Metropolitan Museum of Art

3444:

it is sealed with some material that disperses rapidly upon leaving the barrel.

1953: 1466:. The projectile motion driven by the propellant inside the gun is known as the 1298:

are typically used, which is usually contained inside a semi-flexible, cup-like

6961: 6781: 6631: 6549: 6374: 6329: 6203: 6139: 6129: 6040: 5998: 5968: 5889: 5678: 5548: 5469: 5443: 5394: 3601: 3585: 3481: 3383: 3363: 3282: 3203: 3120: 3015: 2967: 2769: 2535: 2503: 2372: 2306: 2137: 2053: 2037: 1857: 1750: 1734: 1667: 1625: 1542: 1509: 1459: 1354: 1277: 1273: 1253: 1245: 1219: 1211: 899: 832: 719: 535: 441: 317: 184: 4198:

Greener, William Wellington (1907), "Ammunition and Accessories.–Cartridges",

3716:

Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives

1327: 677: 448:

to set off the shot. Such loading procedures often require adding paper/cloth

7507: 7162: 6621: 6579: 6251: 6211: 6191: 6151: 6099: 6087: 6072: 5946: 5931: 5804: 5741: 5729: 5563: 5553: 5543: 5538: 5521: 5492: 5404: 5324: 5032: 4632: 3683: 3474: 3394: 2790: 2653: 2600: 2551: 2467:

Many such cartridges were designated by a three-number system (e.g., 45–120–3

2461: 2360: 2349: 2197: 1742: 1636: 1621: 1427: 1295: 1280: 1257: 1193: 1185: 1106: 1092: 1068: 982: 976:

ammunition, as well as in some military training ammunition (mostly from the

799: 739: 417: 413: 389: 160: 113: 7006: 6643: 3225: 3219: 3181: 3116: 3102: 2599:

Some European- and Asian-manufactured military and sporting ammunition uses

2530:

Another classification describes how cartridges are located in the chamber (

2425:

only describes the bullet diameter. The correct full name for this round is

2352:(both in 1860). However, the large rimfire cartridges were soon replaced by 2113: 1753:) are among the most popular and prolific ammunitions currently being used. 762:

and is responsible for igniting the main propellant charge inside the case.

751: 515: 7368: 7360: 7240: 7179: 7149: 7129: 6936: 6761: 6611: 6369: 6364: 6339: 6334: 6319: 6246: 6161: 6109: 6094: 6062: 5951: 5746: 5693: 5592: 5533: 5509: 5287: 5267: 5257: 5247: 5243: 5096: 3802: 3606: 3171: 3011: 2890: 2796: 2781: 2744: 2593: 2539: 2457: 2453: 2336: 2314: 2294:

his weapons in association with the gunsmiths Blanchard or Charles Robert.

2201: 2165: 2145: 1830: 1761: 1590: 1526: 1523: 1431: 1358: 1249: 1149: 1096: 962: 845: 743: 617: 593: 568: 563: 465: 461: 460:, and are thus clumsy and inconvenient, severely restricting the practical 133: 117: 3154: 2764: 1813:.30–30 Winchester case, stages in the drawing process, book; from Hamilton 1545:

filled with a shock sensitive explosive compound that would ignite with a

32: 7377: 7372: 7069: 6916: 6856: 6728: 6711: 6584: 6559: 6472: 6409: 6379: 6349: 6324: 6288: 6263: 6231: 6221: 6216: 6104: 6082: 5916: 5884: 5789: 5688: 5609: 5329: 5117: 3515: 3452: 3390: 3036: 3032: 2943: 2731: 2507: 2498: 2430: 2397: 2323: 2271: 2267: 2189: 1790: 1774: 1738: 1640: 1629: 1519: 1443: 1392: 1362: 1350: 1284: 1210:, and other exotic alloys are sometimes used to replace lead and prevent 1189: 1181: 1126: 999: 958: 790: 727: 559: 519: 425: 233: 3507: 3351:. The upper and lower limits prevent fire from either stray currents or 3300: 3213: 3209: 3096: 2903: 2833:

Jacketed soft point (JSP): In the late 19th century, the Indian Army at

7278: 7273: 7245: 7133: 7026: 6966: 6956: 6839: 6766: 6738: 6666: 6504: 6440: 6268: 6124: 5983: 5958: 5921: 5874: 5455: 5399: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5232: 5203: 5085:"IDF to issue new safety device to prevent accidental weapon discharge" 4110:"British Military Small Arms Ammo - .45 Martini-Henry Solid Case Rifle" 3580: 3250: 3142: 3059: 3049: 2987: 2947: 2776: 2683: 2646: 2579: 2491: 2353: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2252: 2225: 2057: 1925: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1848:

Critical cartridge specifications include neck size, bullet weight and

1782: 1699: 1679: 1675: 1589:) placed over a conical-shaped cone piece with a hollow pipe to create 1558: 1550: 1534: 1515: 1455: 1415: 1399: 1365:, etc.) are also shot while contained within a wadding, as the wadding 1291: 1265: 1261: 1110: 1076: 994: 985: 891: 759: 669: 582: 579: 574: 547: 543: 511: 492: 429: 421: 309: 301: 245: 211: 180: 153: 121: 105: 62: 45: 4506:"Cabela's still sells black powder pistols; remain in use for hunting" 3126: 3024:: the commercial name of a centerfire cartridge based on the military 2318: 2220: 2056:. This was only generally applied to the British military musket (the 6873: 6868: 6851: 6776: 6733: 6554: 6509: 6344: 6144: 6050: 6045: 6023: 5879: 5799: 5734: 5673: 5372: 5304: 5262: 3470:

to confine gas pressure within the barrel to operate the gas system.

3419: 3356: 3322: 3271: 3053: 2931: 2695: 2345: 2298: 2117: 2022: 1881: 1719: 1610: 1574: 1566: 1554: 1538: 1339: 1335: 1198: 1153: 695: 503: 437: 433: 325: 252: 237:; one that failed to ignite and shoot off the projectile is called a 207: 67: 2456:

cartridges, the second number typically refers to powder charge, in

1900: 1121:

firearms shooting bullets, the term has become somewhat a technical

7330: 7318: 6861: 6745: 6701: 6691: 6686: 6662: 6414: 6399: 6003: 5894: 5558: 5409: 5367: 5319: 5272: 4893:

Barr, Al; Teesdale, Jerald; Keith, Elmer; Hardaway, Ben F. (1951).

4874:

Barr, Al; Teesdale, Jerald; Keith, Elmer; Hardaway, Ben F. (1951).

4354:

Scott, Christopher L.; Turton, Alan; Gruber von Arni, Eric (2004).

3576: 3522: 3492: 3212:: Very common big game hunting round in Scandinavia along with the 3134: 3071: 2748:

Slow motion shots (1/1,000,000-second exposures) showing shots and

2715: 2665: 2102: 2064:

in 1807 and consisted of priming with a fulminating powder made of

1614: 1494: 1366: 1223: 1207: 1173: 1165: 1148:

is the traditional material of choice because of its high density,

973: 966: 778: 692: 597: 589: 480: 333: 4084:"British Military Small Arms Ammo - .577 inch Ball Pattern I to V" 3332:, a prominent German firearms manufacturer, began advertising the 2578:

Fired rimfire (left) and centerfire (right) cartridges. A rimfire

2297:

In the United States, in 1857, the Flobert cartridge inspired the

2025:

and a bullet in a paper cartridge. Thick paper is still known as "

1478: 898:) or shorter in length, which is most commonly exemplified by the 7201: 6893: 6808: 6716: 6696: 6674: 6514: 6241: 5901: 5651: 5575: 5359: 5314: 5309: 5277: 5181: 5153: 3485: 3092: 3065: 2951: 2927: 2919: 2899: 2749: 2547: 2418: 2237: 1856:, overall length, case body diameter and taper, shoulder design, 1849: 1817:

Beginning in the 1860s, early metallic cartridges (e. g. for the

1707: 1652: 1633: 1586: 1578: 1462:

from the propellant gases and accelerating the projectile to its

1423: 1410:

stored within. At the same time, a significant amount of gaseous

1387: 1307: 1303: 1203: 1161: 1122: 1072: 954: 747: 731: 673: 469: 449: 269: 261: 202:

Military and commercial producers continue to pursue the goal of

192: 71: 4760:"Annales de la propriété industrielle, artistique et littéraire" 4571:

Flayderman's Guide to Antique American Firearms and Their Values

4398:"Chemical Analysis of Firearms, Ammunition, and Gunshot Residue" 3241: 2799:: A single solid projectile designed to be fired from a shotgun. 1993:) Frankford Arsenal .45 Colt-Schofield cartridge, Benét ignition 1969:) Colt Thuer-Conversion .44 revolver cartridge, patented in 1868 1025: 7011: 6903: 6818: 6616: 5382: 5282: 5213: 3803:"Mass, Weight, Density or Specific Gravity of Different Metals" 3187: 3175: 2939: 2935: 2915: 2907: 2642: 2089: 2072: 1873: 1711: 1562: 1514:

Because the main propellant charge are located deep inside the

1498:

Flash hole profiles on Berdan (left) and Boxer (right) primers.

1319: 1118: 1088: 827: 715: 711: 660: 613: 464:

of the weapon, leaving the shooter vulnerable to the threat of

453: 444:

mounted on top of a "nipple" or cone), to serve as a source of

381: 109: 4314:

Sharpe, Philip B. (1938), "The Development of the Cartridge",

3451:

died when he shot himself in the head with a blank, and actor

1322:) can also be used. Lead pollution of wetlands has led to the 588:

a mixture of highly energetic gases and generates a very high

5834: 5829: 5814: 5769: 5465: 4914:"Classic African Cartridges Part X – The .375 H&H Magnum" 3503: 3480:

Blanks are also used as dedicated launchers for propelling a

3362:

In both instances, the "case" was molded directly from solid

3340: 3161: 3138: 3130: 3062:: A high-powered pistol round designed primarily for hunting. 2895: 1869: 1656: 1570: 946: 723: 277: 4573:(9 ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Media, Inc. p. 775. 3870: 3567: 2071:

The alteration of the military flint-lock to the percussion

1422:

wall) occluded from the front by the projectile (bullet, or

1133:, and its behavior upon impacting an object is known as its 814:. The closed-off rear end of the case body, which holds the 104:, is a type of pre-assembled firearm ammunition packaging a 4226:

Nickel, Helmut; Pyhrr, Stuart W.; Tarassuk, Leonid (2013).

3348: 2894:

A variety of common pistol cartridges. From left to right:

2756: 2611: 1662:

Modern primers are basically improved percussion caps with

1446:). When the pressure builds up high enough to overcome the 1311: 1145: 1007: 895: 5002: 4353: 3484:, rope line or flare, or for a training lure for training 2805:: a generally non-lethal projectile fired from a riot gun. 1670:) enclosed in a small button-shaped capsule. In the early 945:

The most popular material used to make cartridge cases is

231:(contains no active primer and no propellant) is called a 5819: 5779: 5208: 5193: 5152: 5100:, Tel Aviv, 31 January 2014. Retrieved on 4 January 2016. 4972:, vol. 1, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Ordnance 4892: 4873: 4286:, Technical Manual, Department of the Army, TM 9-1300-214 4272:, article on "cartridge" (subsection: "cartridge-paper"). 3905:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London

3359:

and allowing for easier adjustment of the rifle trigger.

3313:

within the military market, use is limited. Around 1848,

2659: 1169: 636:

A modern cartridge consists of four main components: the

239: 2477:

Sharps: 45-caliber bore, 120 grains of (black) powder, 3

2356:

cartridges, which could safely handle higher pressures.

2339:

mechanism patents were not obstructed by Rollin White's

2247:

The first centerfire metallic cartridge was invented by

1294:

weapons such as shotguns, small metallic balls known as

7128: 3948:. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. pp. 159–161. 3270:) refers to handgun and rifle rounds loaded with small 2417:

It is incomplete to refer to a cartridge as a certain "

475:) as well as complicating the logistics of ammunition. 210:

ammunition uses the same cartridge concept as found in

175:

chemical mixture that is located: at the center of the

4984:

Hatcher, Julian; Barr, Al; Neuman, Charles L. (1951).

4949:

Hatcher, Julian; Barr, Al; Neuman, Charles L. (1951).

4855:

Hatcher, Julian; Barr, Al; Neuman, Charles L. (1951).

4253:

Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee

2236:

Most of the early all-metallic cartridges were of the

1987:) Frankford Arsenal .45 Colt cartridge, Benét ignition 1002:

nations, which were designed with much looser chamber

526:

from behind, designating the forward direction as the

3680:

Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute

3119:. Remington later adopted this military round as the 2088:

principle for all varieties of rifles, shotguns, and

1718:), or in a small nipple-like bulge at the case base ( 1129:. The projectile's motion in flight is known as its 1041:

tank shells: the body is polymer, but the base stays.

2652:

The .22 LR and related .22 rimfire cartridges use a

1678:

to pierce the paper casing. Such guns were known as

1414:

are released, which are highly energetic due to the

4225: 2494:, or some characteristic important to that person. 2232:

cartridge to be created and adopted by any country.

1268:training) are occasionally used for force-on-force 4605:. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 441. 4587: 3178:. Standardized commercially as the 308 Winchester. 3089:generated by the original black powder cartridges. 1549:strike. The source of ignition could be a burning 793:. The case shape is meant to match exactly to the 4983: 4948: 4854: 3397:cartridges to be used with the Dardick firearms. 2630:Rifle), and .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire (WMR). 2615:Schematic of a rimfire cartridge and its ignition 758:at the back end, which receives an impact from a 7505: 3537: 1482:Percussion caps, the precursor of modern primers 1140:A bullet can be made of virtually anything (see 981:and reload. Military forces typically consider 7449:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW) 4483:Pistols: An Illustrated History of Their Impact 3746: 2274:cartridges do not contain any powder. The only 2196:cartridge (1871), a later drawn brass .577/450 1963:) Colt Army 1860 .44 paper cartridge, Civil War 1733:integrally into the interior of the protruding 1729:In rimfire ammunitions, the primer compound is 1218:, very hard and high-density materials such as 4593: 3777:"Short Action vs Long Action Rifles Explained" 3571:An assortment of snap caps of varying calibers 3123:, a very popular round for small game hunting. 676:) on the left, three bottlenecked cartridges ( 620:, and the chamber pressure drops back down to 5138: 4830:"San Francisco cops use hollow point bullets" 4795: 4793: 4415: 4413: 3937: 3935: 2959:Table of handgun and rifle cartridges by year 2228:ammunition, developed in 1886, was the first 2179: 510:"). While in the chamber, the cartridge case 221:A cartridge without a projectile is called a 5852: 3245:CCI .22LR snake shot loaded with No. 12 shot 2359:In 1867, the British war office adopted the 2311:Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company 1876:in many European states. NATO also performs 1164:in rifled bores at an ever-increasing rate. 1141: 957:enough to allow reshaping so that it can be 412:The cartridge was invented specifically for 6661: 4671:, by Maître Simili, Spring 1990 (in French) 3779:. American Gun Association. 3 August 2020. 3232:found on several Russian Military vehicles. 3018:military rifle cartridge from 1888 to 1954. 1533:was used to direct a small flame through a 1398:When a propellant is ignited and begins to 554:embedded in the base of the cartridge. The 5145: 5131: 4799: 4790: 4568: 4477: 4475: 4410: 4193: 4191: 4189: 3968: 3932: 3455:was famously killed during the filming of 3400: 2391: 2367:metallic centerfire cartridge case in the 1741:, and are usually on the lower end of the 785:"), with a noticeably angled slope ("case 4297: 4281: 2963:Ammunition types are listed numerically. 1941:Learn how and when to remove this message 1651:to strike a percussion cap placed over a 152:that is precisely made to fit within the 36:A modern round consists of the following: 4905: 4762:. Au bureau des Annales. 10 April 1863. 4393: 4391: 4162:"Unsafe Firearm-Ammunition Combinations" 4026: 3566: 3541: 3502: 3418: 3373: 3299: 3281:The most common snake shot cartridge is 3240: 2998:, and easily exceeds the performance of 2889: 2775: 2763: 2755: 2743: 2610: 2573: 2520: 2219: 2207: 2183: 2164:(1861–1865) a breech-loading rifle, the 2112: 2108: 1996: 1952: 1808: 1493: 1485: 1477: 1386: 659: 394: 251: 218:is separate from the propellant charge. 31: 4472: 4329: 4250: 4197: 4186: 2752:separation after firing from a shotgun. 2421:" (e.g., "30-06 caliber"), as the word 171:-sensitive explosive compound or by an 14: 7506: 4341: 4313: 4275: 3941: 3289: 2660:Semi-automatic vs. revolver cartridges 1981:) .44 Henry rim fire cartridge pointed 781:than the main part of the case ("case 558:chemical in the primer then creates a 487:, the cartridge case also enables the 7127: 6660: 5851: 5231: 5230: 5126: 4990:National Rifle Association of America 4967: 4955:National Rifle Association of America 4899:National Rifle Association of America 4880:National Rifle Association of America 4861:National Rifle Association of America 4836:from the original on 19 December 2013 4802:Winchester: The Gun that Won the West 4432: 4388: 4167:. SAAMI. 6 March 2012. Archived from 4022: 4020: 4018: 3813:from the original on 31 December 2018 3637:Table of handgun and rifle cartridges 3491:The power loads used in a variety of 3105:Soviet: The Soviet adaptation of the 2990:. While not in the same class as the 2739: 1373:less frictionally within the barrel. 5118:European Ammunition Box Translations 5065:from the original on 6 February 2023 4064:from the original on 18 October 2021 3975:. Krause Publications. p. 158. 3783:from the original on 18 January 2021 3473:Blanks can also be used to launch a 3035:: Using a lengthened version of the 2885: 2128:in association with French gunsmith 2016:in the late 16th century, while the 1923:adding citations to reliable sources 1894: 1168:the lead with a small percentage of 1019: 424:before firing, then have a separate 5039:from the original on 5 October 2013 5003:Reed, C.K. & C.A. Reed (1914). 4911: 4714:from the original on 23 August 2013 4688:from the original on 23 August 2013 4116:from the original on 10 August 2022 4090:from the original on 10 August 2022 3408: 2994:, it has roughly the same power as 1975:) .44 Henry rim fire cartridge flat 1655:"nipple", which served as both an " 1318:steel balls (such as those used by 664:Three non-bottlenecked cartridges ( 24: 5013:from the original on 20 March 2016 4766:from the original on 10 March 2024 4740:from the original on 10 March 2024 4512:from the original on 22 March 2017 4356:Edgehill: The Battle Reinterpreted 4208:from the original on 22 March 2015 4034:. New York: The Industrial Press. 4015: 3881:from the original on 18 April 2021 3753:The Complete Outdoors Encyclopedia 1745:spectrum, although due to the low 1234:are used for the penetrator core. 454:ramming down repeatedly with a rod 56:, which holds all parts together; 25: 7530: 5106: 4988:. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: 4953:. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: 4897:. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: 4878:. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: 4859:. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: 4736:. Spring Books. 25 October 2015. 4027:Hamilton, Douglas Thomas (1916). 3972:The Complete Blackpowder Handbook 3945:The Complete Blackpowder Handbook 3725:from the original on 29 June 2021 3588:without damaging its components. 3323:Daisy Heddon VL Single Shot Rifle 3052:: A shorter-cased version of the 3044:.375 Holland & Holland Magnum 2856:bullet, reducing lead emissions. 2513: 1843: 1795:infamous accidental death in 1993 939:.375 Holland & Holland Magnum 4923:. African Hunter. Archived from 4787:, various editions and articles. 4358:. Pen and Sword. pp. 9–12. 4038:from the original on 6 June 2017 3942:Fadala, Sam (17 November 2006). 3617:List of Magnum pistol cartridges 3495:are essentially rimfire blanks. 2723: 2707: 2371:rifles, which were converted to 1899: 1804: 1585:brass or copper percussion cap ( 1037:about semi-combustible cases in 1024: 738:containing either a quantity of 514:all other directions except the 256:A variety of rifle cartridges: ( 5077: 5051: 5025: 4996: 4977: 4961: 4942: 4886: 4867: 4848: 4822: 4778: 4752: 4726: 4700: 4674: 4653: 4626: 4562: 4543: 4524: 4498: 4453: 4372: 4347: 4335: 4323: 4307: 4291: 4263: 4244: 4219: 4154: 4142:from the original on 5 May 2022 4128: 4102: 4076: 4050: 3989: 3962: 3913: 3649: 3498: 2408: 2333:Single Action Army "Peacemaker" 2152:, developed by French gunsmith 1910:needs additional citations for 1071:, and some manufacturers offer 836:, which provides a lip for the 4800:Williamson, Harold F. (1952), 4599:"Amrerican Rimfire Cartridges" 4204:, Cassell, pp. 570, 589, 3901:"On a New Fulminating Mercury" 3893: 3863: 3844: 3825: 3795: 3769: 3740: 3701: 3668: 3622:List of rebated rim cartridges 2852:and plinking ammunition loads. 2772:and one view of the projectile 2305:. A year before, in 1856, the 2010:Christian I, Elector of Saxony 1369:the bore better and typically 1276:with wax bullets used to be a 1240:projectiles with very limited 730:) or inside of the cartridge ( 518:to the front, reinforced by a 92:, which ignites the propellant 13: 1: 7314:Firearms by country 7229:Civilian Marksmanship Program 4407:by James Smyth Wallace p. 24. 3709:"DEFINITIONS OF C.I.P. TERMS" 3662: 3538:ECI (Empty chamber indicator) 3236: 3151:: A long-range hunting round. 2569: 2036:This cartridge was used with 1376: 1117:, but due to the ubiquity of 1082: 1079:pistol and rifle cartridges. 972:Steel casing is used in some 910:full-powered rifle cartridges 888:intermediate rifle cartridges 631: 491:mechanism to use part of the 4804:, A. S. Barnes, p. 66, 4282:U.S. Army (September 1984), 3929:at National Portrait Gallery 848:capacity of the projectile. 818:and technically is the case 777:") has a noticeably smaller 538:disengages and releases the 483:and the elements. In modern 7: 7519:Pistol and rifle cartridges 7485:Federal Assault Weapons Ban 7383:Campaign Against Arms Trade 4734:"Early Percussion Firearms" 4201:The Gun and Its Development 3595: 3562: 2335:(1873). But in rifles, the 2031:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden 2001:Historic British cartridges 1643:England. These guns used a 1391:Smokeless powders used for 1109:that describes any type of 859:In addition to case shape, 754:to the front; it holds the 10: 7535: 7439:High-capacity magazine ban 6565:Mean time between failures 4318:, New York: William Morrow 3632:List of wildcat cartridges 3612:List of handgun cartridges 3513: 3412: 3381: 3369: 3293: 3248: 2956: 2618: 2606: 2585: 2401: 2395: 2303:Smith & Wesson Model 1 2264:rimfire metallic cartridge 2204:Mk VII SAA Ball cartridge. 2180:Modern metallic cartridges 1890: 1872:in the United States, and 1613:in 1800 and the patent by 1507: 1501: 1380: 1357:. Solid projectiles (e.g. 1086: 867:size and operating space ( 830:at the case head called a 407: 342:.243 Win Improved (Ackley) 136:) and an ignition device ( 7457: 7407: 7398: 7359: 7287: 7239: 7168:Household ownership rates 7148: 7123: 7045: 6902: 6847: 6838: 6754: 6682: 6673: 6656: 6497: 6436: 6427: 6310: 6301: 6202: 5870: 5861: 5847: 5759: 5707: 5664: 5650: 5608: 5478: 5464: 5358: 5239: 5226: 5177: 5173: 4968:Chinn, George M. (1951), 4774:– via Google Books. 4597:; Bodinson, Holt (2009). 4569:Flayderman, Norm (2007). 4270:Oxford English Dictionary 4058:"Mitrailleuse Ammunition" 3755:. Macmillan. p. 37. 3378:Dardick 1500 with Trounds 3040:(to disable the vehicle). 2344:Civil War, including the 1726:designed as noisemakers. 1473: 1434:) and from behind by the 1214:into the environment. In 1202:. In modern days, steel, 750:), and align it with the 688:) in the center, and two 428:compound (from a burning 402: 227:; one that is completely 176: 4642:10 November 2013 at the 4555:22 December 2015 at the 4536:22 December 2015 at the 4425:19 November 2015 at the 3747:Sparano, Vin T. (2000). 3642: 3627:List of rifle cartridges 3462:silently into the bore. 2879:Hague Convention of 1899 2760:A 12-gauge Brenneke slug 2718:semi-automatic cartridge 2560:advanced primer ignition 2188:(From Left to Right): A 1684:the most famous of which 908:cartridges, are usually 890:, with a COL of 57 886:cartridges, are usually 528:path of least resistance 7469:by U.S. state 6879:Overpressure ammunition 6814:Improved Military Rifle 6520:Circular error probable 5439:Personal defence weapon 4921:African Hunter Magazine 4785:Cartridges of the World 4648:Les Arquebusier de Visé 4469:by W. Y. Carman p. 121. 3857:4 February 2024 at the 3838:4 February 2024 at the 3401:Eco-friendly cartridges 3076:Colt Single Action Army 2392:Factory vs. handloading 1957:US Cartridges 1860–1875 1624:invented the precursor 1264:(such as those used in 978:former Soviet republics 655: 592:inside the case, often 432:, to a small charge of 130:black powder substitute 7163:Civilian gun ownership 6692:Firing (Shooting) 5090:4 January 2016 at the 4666:8 October 2013 at the 4136:"Hotchkiss Ammunition" 3899:Howard, Edward (1800) 3572: 3547: 3511: 3510:cartridge, drill round 3440: 3379: 3309: 3306:Heckler & Koch G11 3246: 3086:Springfield Model 1873 2980:.300 Winchester Magnum 2954: 2850:cowboy action shooting 2785: 2773: 2761: 2753: 2616: 2583: 2527: 2233: 2217: 2205: 2194:.577/450 Martini-Henry 2121: 2120:paper cartridge (1866) 2002: 1994: 1814: 1618:Alexander John Forsyth 1499: 1491: 1483: 1395: 1248:are sometimes used in 1216:armor-piercing bullets 1196:or steel), known as a 1035:is missing information 871:travel) needed by the 699: 686:.300 Winchester Magnum 399: 392: 286:.22 Win Mag R/F.22 WMR 214:. In other cases, the 93: 6637:Handgun effectiveness 6570:Minute of Angle (MOA) 6446:Ballistic coefficient 5422:Semi-automatic pistol 4986:Reloading Information 4951:Reloading Information 4895:Reloading Information 4882:. pp. 51&52. 4876:Reloading Information 4857:Reloading Information 4531:"History of firearms" 4460:A History of Firearms 4450:by Roger Pauly p. 94. 4403:25 April 2016 at the 3920:Edward Charles Howard 3570: 3553:Israel Defense Forces 3545: 3506: 3422: 3377: 3303: 3278:at very close range. 3244: 3230:KPV heavy machine gun 3188:7.65×17mm Browning SR 3149:7 mm Remington Magnum 2996:7 mm Remington Magnum 2893: 2779: 2767: 2759: 2747: 2687:semi-automatic pistol 2614: 2588:Centerfire ammunition 2577: 2556:.300 Weatherby Magnum 2524: 2260:Louis-Nicolas Flobert 2223: 2211: 2187: 2116: 2109:Integrated cartridges 2000: 1956: 1819:Montigny mitrailleuse 1812: 1607:Edward Charles Howard 1497: 1489: 1481: 1390: 1347:specialty projectiles 1067:are commonly used in 879:-action" categories. 769:had been used in the 663: 485:self-loading firearms 398: 255: 35: 7254:in the United States 6912:Armour piercing 6473:Rangefinding/keeping 6385:Push/Controlled feed 6177:Synchronization gear 5912:Blank-firing adapter 5763: or famous 5113:Cartridge Collectors 4559:(fireadvantages.com) 4540:(fireadvantages.com) 4481:Kinard, Jeff (2004) 4316:The Rifle in America 3468:blank-firing adaptor 3345:electronically fired 3174:designs such as the 2858:Sellier & Bellot 2768:Two views of intact 2369:Pattern 1853 Enfield 2192:cartridge (1867), a 2082:fulminate of mercury 1919:improve this article 1852:, maximum pressure, 1787:catastrophic failure 1770:Edward Mounier Boxer 1686:was decisive in the 951:corrosion resistance 610:extremely high speed 7346:Privately made 7309:Firearm brands 7195:State firearms 7175:Exhibition shooting 7158:Celebratory gunfire 7017:Plastic tipped 6947:High explosive 6468:Physics of firearms 4930:on 25 February 2012 4492:28 May 2016 at the 4446:21 May 2016 at the 4284:Military Explosives 4174:on 16 November 2013 4003:on 18 February 2012 3969:Sam Fadala (2006). 3925:14 May 2021 at the 3546:9 × 19 mm Mek-Porek 3296:Caseless ammunition 3290:Caseless ammunition 2460:. For example, the 2433:round types exist. 2427:.30–'06 Springfield 2341:patent infringement 2262:invented the first 2230:smokeless gunpowder 2216:metallic cartridge. 2214:Fusil Gras mle 1874 1749:some of them (e.g. 1702:), inside the rim ( 1577:) striking a steel 1468:internal ballistics 1342:shards, as well as 1212:release of toxicity 1135:terminal ballistics 1131:external ballistics 771:earliest cartridges 765:While historically 204:caseless ammunition 7444:Right to bear arms 7390:Featureless rifles 7336:Improvised firearm 7297:3D printed firearm 7185:United States 7080:Fully powered 6987:Total metal jacket 6627:Stock measurements 5350:Underwater firearm 5246: versus 5009:. pp. 22–23. 5006:Guide to taxidermy 4710:. Littlegun.info. 4684:. Littlegun.info. 4633:Shooting section ( 4465:7 May 2016 at the 3807:www.simetric.co.uk 3676:"Glossary – SAAMI" 3573: 3548: 3512: 3441: 3380: 3353:static electricity 3330:Heckler & Koch 3310: 3247: 3006:.30-06 Springfield 2955: 2824:Glaser safety slug 2786: 2774: 2762: 2754: 2740:Projectile designs 2734:revolver cartridge 2621:Rimfire ammunition 2617: 2584: 2544:.30-06 Springfield 2528: 2234: 2218: 2206: 2174:Smith & Wesson 2162:American Civil War 2154:Casimir Lefaucheux 2122: 2078:potassium chlorate 2066:potassium chlorate 2003: 1995: 1815: 1747:manufacturing cost 1522:. In the earliest 1500: 1492: 1484: 1438:(supported by the 1396: 1383:Firearm propellant 1270:tactical trainings 1158:cost of production 1125:for bullets among 1103:projectile weapons 934:full-powered rifle 924:.30-06 Springfield 854:tapered cartridges 850:Wildcat cartridges 806:, is known as the 700: 602:move down the bore 400: 393: 374:.30-06 Springfield 173:electric-sensitive 100:, also known as a 94: 7501: 7500: 7497: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7458:United States Gun 7119: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7002:Hollow point 6927:Full metal jacket 6834: 6833: 6792:Tubes and Primers 6652: 6651: 6602:Power factor 6540:Gun harmonisation 6493: 6492: 6423: 6422: 6297: 6296: 6279:Night vision 5843: 5842: 5755: 5754: 5669:Automatic shotgun 5646: 5645: 5233:Types of firearms 5222: 5221: 4992:. pp. 79–84. 4957:. pp. 93–97. 4901:. pp. 77–83. 4863:. pp. 71–78. 4635:la section de tir 4612:978-0-89689-936-0 4580:978-0-89689-455-6 4302:Thirty Years' War 3982:978-0-89689-390-0 3762:978-0-312-26722-3 3434:9×19mm Parabellum 3423:Blank cartridges: 3415:Blank (cartridge) 3334:G11 assault rifle 3200:9×19mm Parabellum 3082:.45-70 Government 2992:.338 Lapua Magnum 2974:.22-250 Remington 2924:9×19mm Parabellum 2912:7.62×25mm Tokarev 2886:Common cartridges 2818:Full metal jacket 2414:cartridge names. 2404:Wildcat cartridge 2291:Benjamin Houllier 2249:Jean Samuel Pauly 2200:cartridge, and a 2150:pinfire cartridge 2134:mercury fulminate 2126:Jean Samuel Pauly 1951: 1950: 1943: 1710:), in a lip-like 1690:victory over the 1620:expired in 1807, 1599:activation energy 1458:, imparting high 1404:chemical reaction 1062: 1061: 742:or an individual 666:9×19mm Parabellum 502:aligned with the 446:activation energy 382:.45-70 Government 183:); or inside the 16:(Redirected from 7526: 7405: 7404: 7351:Small arms trade 7289:Firearm industry 7140:, and 7125: 7124: 6997:Hollow base 6845: 6844: 6824:Smokeless powder 6680: 6679: 6658: 6657: 6607:Precision-guided 6434: 6433: 6308: 6307: 6115:Rail system 5989:Flash suppressor 5868: 5867: 5849: 5848: 5795:Winchester rifle 5785:Antique firearms 5715:20-gauge shotgun 5662: 5661: 5476: 5475: 5228: 5227: 5175: 5174: 5147: 5140: 5133: 5124: 5123: 5101: 5083:Shoval, Lilach. 5081: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4981: 4975: 4973: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4929: 4918: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4852: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4797: 4788: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4678: 4672: 4657: 4651: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4595:Barnes, Frank C. 4591: 4585: 4584: 4566: 4560: 4547: 4541: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4502: 4496: 4479: 4470: 4457: 4451: 4436: 4430: 4417: 4408: 4395: 4386: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4351: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4319: 4311: 4305: 4295: 4289: 4287: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4195: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4173: 4166: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4024: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3999:. Archived from 3993: 3987: 3986: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3939: 3930: 3917: 3911: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3867: 3861: 3848: 3842: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3732: 3730: 3724: 3713: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3693: 3691: 3686:on 4 August 2020 3682:. Archived from 3672: 3656: 3653: 3409:Blank ammunition 2727: 2711: 2552:belted cartridge 2486: 2485: 2481: 2476: 2475: 2471: 2331:(1871–1872) and 2289:French gunsmith 2006:Paper cartridges 1946: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1926: 1903: 1895: 1833:. The disks are 1724:blank cartridges 1672:paper cartridges 1666:chemicals (e.g. 1557:) placed onto a 1504:Primer (firearm) 1402:, the resulting 1232:depleted uranium 1228:tungsten carbide 1115:ballistic flight 1101:As firearms are 1057: 1054: 1048: 1028: 1020: 961:many times, and 949:due to its good 861:rifle cartridges 822:, is called the 812: 811: 456:to optimize the 440:, to a metallic 350:.25-06 Remington 126:smokeless powder 21: 7534: 7533: 7529: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7524: 7523: 7504: 7503: 7502: 7489: 7453: 7422:Concealed carry 7417:Assault weapons 7412:Air travel 7394: 7371: and 7355: 7283: 7243: 7235: 7224:Shooting sports 7214:Pistol duelling 7144: 7111: 7075:Rifle cartridge 7041: 6982:Supercavitating 6977:Soft point 6898: 6830: 6804:Ball propellant 6750: 6669: 6648: 6644:Twist rate 6535:Gun chronograph 6525:Effective range 6489: 6419: 6390:Recoil-operated 6293: 6198: 5857: 5839: 5825:Colt Peacemaker 5751: 5725:Dragon's breath 5720:Breaching round 5703: 5684:Double-barreled 5642: 5618:General purpose 5604: 5460: 5354: 5295:Multiple-barrel 5235: 5218: 5169: 5151: 5109: 5104: 5092:Wayback Machine 5082: 5078: 5068: 5066: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5014: 5001: 4997: 4982: 4978: 4966: 4962: 4947: 4943: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4916: 4910: 4906: 4891: 4887: 4872: 4868: 4853: 4849: 4839: 4837: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4812: 4798: 4791: 4783: 4779: 4769: 4767: 4758: 4757: 4753: 4743: 4741: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4715: 4706: 4705: 4701: 4691: 4689: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4668:Wayback Machine 4658: 4654: 4644:Wayback Machine 4631: 4627: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4592: 4588: 4581: 4567: 4563: 4557:Wayback Machine 4550:"How guns work" 4548: 4544: 4538:Wayback Machine 4529: 4525: 4515: 4513: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4494:Wayback Machine 4480: 4473: 4467:Wayback Machine 4458: 4454: 4448:Wayback Machine 4437: 4433: 4427:Wayback Machine 4418: 4411: 4405:Wayback Machine 4396: 4389: 4377: 4373: 4366: 4352: 4348: 4340: 4336: 4328: 4324: 4312: 4308: 4296: 4292: 4280: 4276: 4268: 4264: 4249: 4245: 4238: 4230:. p. 174. 4224: 4220: 4211: 4209: 4196: 4187: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4164: 4160: 4159: 4155: 4145: 4143: 4134: 4133: 4129: 4119: 4117: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4067: 4065: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4041: 4039: 4025: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3983: 3967: 3963: 3956: 3940: 3933: 3927:Wayback Machine 3918: 3914: 3898: 3894: 3884: 3882: 3875:www.basc.org.uk 3869: 3868: 3864: 3859:Wayback Machine 3849: 3845: 3840:Wayback Machine 3830: 3826: 3816: 3814: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3763: 3745: 3741: 3728: 3726: 3722: 3711: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3689: 3687: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3659: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3598: 3565: 3559:("Mek-Porek"). 3540: 3518: 3501: 3439: 3417: 3411: 3403: 3386: 3372: 3298: 3292: 3253: 3239: 3137:, Scandinavian 3113:5.56×45 mm NATO 3107:5.56×45 mm NATO 3026:7.62×51 mm NATO 3022:.308 Winchester 3014:: the standard 3000:7.62×51 mm NATO 2986:and the German 2961: 2888: 2843:spitzer bullets 2835:Dum-Dum Arsenal 2742: 2735: 2728: 2719: 2712: 2662: 2623: 2609: 2590: 2572: 2516: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2447:.308 Winchester 2411: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2182: 2170:paper cartridge 2130:François Prélat 2111: 2027:cartridge paper 2018:Dresden Armoury 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1947: 1936: 1930: 1927: 1916: 1904: 1893: 1865:bodily injury. 1846: 1807: 1766:Royal Artillery 1664:shock-sensitive 1583:shock-sensitive 1512: 1506: 1476: 1464:muzzle velocity 1408:chemical energy 1385: 1379: 1355:bean bag rounds 1246:stopping powers 1099: 1087:Main articles: 1085: 1058: 1052: 1049: 1042: 1029: 914:.308 Winchester 809: 808: 720:submachine guns 658: 634: 556:shock-sensitive 534:is pulled, the 410: 405: 366:.308 Winchester 358:.270 Winchester 216:artillery shell 83: 75: 66:, for example, 57: 49: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7532: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7499: 7498: 7495: 7494: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7461: 7459: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7430: 7429: 7419: 7414: 7408: 7402: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7392: 7387: 7386: 7385: 7380: 7365: 7363: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7327: 7326: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7305: 7304: 7293: 7291: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7259:Assassinations 7256: 7250: 7248: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7231: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7204: 7199: 7198: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7177: 7172: 7171: 7170: 7160: 7154: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7121: 7120: 7117: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7093: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7051: 7049: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6908: 6906: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6854: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6828: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6782:Percussion cap 6779: 6769: 6764: 6758: 6756: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6748: 6743: 6742: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6721: 6720: 6719: 6714: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6683: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6646: 6641: 6640: 6639: 6632:Stopping power 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6550:Length of pull 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6501: 6499: 6495: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6480: 6470: 6465: 6464: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6437: 6431: 6425: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6375:Out-of-battery 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6299: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6255: 6254: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6208: 6206: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6196: 6195: 6194: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6148: 6147: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6055: 6054: 6053: 6048: 6038: 6037: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5999:Forward assist 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5969:Cocking handle 5966: 5961: 5956: 5955: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5898: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5871: 5865: 5859: 5858: 5853:Mechanics and 5845: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5766: 5764: 5757: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5738: 5737: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5679:Combat shotgun 5676: 5671: 5665: 5659: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5614: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5602: 5601: 5600: 5590: 5585: 5584: 5583: 5573: 5568: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5536: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5519: 5518: 5517: 5507: 5502: 5501: 5500: 5490: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5447: 5446: 5444:Submachine gun 5441: 5434:Pistol caliber 5431: 5430: 5429: 5419: 5418: 5417: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5364: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5292: 5291: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5178: 5171: 5170: 5150: 5149: 5142: 5135: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5115: 5108: 5107:External links 5105: 5103: 5102: 5076: 5050: 5024: 4995: 4976: 4960: 4941: 4904: 4885: 4866: 4847: 4821: 4811:978-0498083150 4810: 4789: 4777: 4751: 4725: 4699: 4673: 4661:Les Lefaucheux 4652: 4625: 4611: 4586: 4579: 4561: 4542: 4523: 4497: 4471: 4452: 4431: 4409: 4387: 4371: 4365:978-1844152544 4364: 4346: 4334: 4322: 4306: 4298:U.S. Army 1984 4290: 4274: 4262: 4243: 4237:978-0300199413 4236: 4218: 4185: 4153: 4127: 4101: 4075: 4049: 4014: 3988: 3981: 3961: 3954: 3931: 3912: 3892: 3862: 3843: 3824: 3794: 3768: 3761: 3739: 3700: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3602:Ammunition box 3597: 3594: 3586:firearm action 3564: 3561: 3539: 3536: 3514:Main article: 3500: 3497: 3482:grappling hook 3449:Jon-Erik Hexum 3438: 3437: 3431: 3428:7.62×51mm NATO 3424: 3413:Main article: 3410: 3407: 3402: 3399: 3384:Dardick tround 3382:Main article: 3371: 3368: 3364:nitrocellulose 3294:Main article: 3291: 3288: 3283:.22 Long Rifle 3249:Main article: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3233: 3223: 3217: 3207: 3204:Submachine gun 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3168:7.62×51mm NATO 3165: 3152: 3146: 3124: 3121:.223 Remington 3110: 3100: 3090: 3079: 3069: 3063: 3057: 3047: 3041: 3030: 3019: 3016:British Empire 3009: 3003: 2977: 2971: 2968:.22 Long Rifle 2957:Main article: 2887: 2884: 2875: 2874: 2873: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2853: 2846: 2838: 2831: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2812:Armor-piercing 2806: 2800: 2794: 2770:bean bag round 2741: 2738: 2737: 2736: 2729: 2722: 2720: 2713: 2706: 2661: 2658: 2619:Main article: 2608: 2605: 2601:Berdan primers 2586:Main article: 2571: 2568: 2536:.22 long rifle 2515: 2514:Classification 2512: 2443:7.62×51mm NATO 2410: 2407: 2396:Main article: 2393: 2390: 2373:Snider-Enfield 2307:LeMat revolver 2181: 2178: 2138:breech-loading 2110: 2107: 2086:breech-loading 2054:percussion cap 2038:muzzle-loading 1949: 1948: 1907: 1905: 1898: 1892: 1889: 1845: 1844:Specifications 1842: 1823:Snider–Enfield 1806: 1803: 1751:.22 Long Rifle 1668:lead styphnate 1637:fowling pieces 1626:percussion cap 1510:Percussion cap 1502:Main article: 1475: 1472: 1460:kinetic energy 1381:Main article: 1378: 1375: 1274:pistol dueling 1220:hardened steel 1113:launched into 1111:kinetic object 1084: 1081: 1069:shotgun shells 1060: 1059: 1039:120×570mm NATO 1032: 1030: 1023: 969:the shooting. 943: 942: 927: 917: 903: 900:.223 Remington 740:shot (pellets) 682:5.56×45mm NATO 657: 654: 633: 630: 578:). This rapid 550:to impact the 546:, causing the 468:(particularly 442:percussion cap 418:via the muzzle 409: 406: 404: 401: 318:.223 Remington 54:Cartridge case 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7531: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7470: 7466: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7456: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7409: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7397: 7391: 7388: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7374: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7358: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7341:Most-produced 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7325: 7322: 7321: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7298: 7295: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7286: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7242: 7238: 7230: 7227: 7226: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7209: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7182: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7126: 7122: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7077: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7044: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6901: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6800: 6797: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6753: 6747: 6744: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6726: 6725: 6722: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6659: 6655: 6645: 6642: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6439: 6438: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6426: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6370:Muzzleloading 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6335:Breechloading 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6312: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6201: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6100:Muzzle shroud 6098: 6096: 6093: 6089: 6088:Stripper clip 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6078:High-capacity 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6059: 6056: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5846: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5805:Mauser rifles 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5758: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5730:Shotgun shell 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5712: 5710: 5706: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5607: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5541: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5520: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5483:Anti-materiel 5481: 5480: 5477: 5474: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5435: 5432: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5423: 5420: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5357: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5238: 5234: 5229: 5225: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5172: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5148: 5143: 5141: 5136: 5134: 5129: 5128: 5125: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5099: 5098: 5093: 5089: 5086: 5080: 5064: 5060: 5054: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5012: 5008: 5007: 4999: 4991: 4987: 4980: 4971: 4964: 4956: 4952: 4945: 4926: 4922: 4915: 4908: 4900: 4896: 4889: 4881: 4877: 4870: 4862: 4858: 4851: 4835: 4831: 4825: 4818: 4813: 4807: 4803: 4796: 4794: 4786: 4781: 4765: 4761: 4755: 4739: 4735: 4729: 4713: 4709: 4703: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4670: 4669: 4665: 4662: 4656: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4629: 4614: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4582: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4558: 4554: 4551: 4546: 4539: 4535: 4532: 4527: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4491: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4461: 4456: 4449: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4435: 4428: 4424: 4421: 4416: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4399: 4394: 4392: 4385: 4384:0-600-33015-X 4381: 4375: 4367: 4361: 4357: 4350: 4343: 4338: 4332:, p. 570 4331: 4326: 4317: 4310: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4285: 4278: 4271: 4266: 4258: 4254: 4247: 4239: 4233: 4229: 4222: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4170: 4163: 4157: 4141: 4137: 4131: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4063: 4059: 4053: 4037: 4033: 4032: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4002: 3998: 3997:"Joshua Shaw" 3992: 3984: 3978: 3974: 3973: 3965: 3957: 3955:0-89689-390-1 3951: 3947: 3946: 3938: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3921: 3916: 3910:(1): 204–238. 3909: 3906: 3902: 3896: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3828: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3798: 3782: 3778: 3772: 3764: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3736: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3704: 3697: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3671: 3667: 3652: 3648: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3599: 3593: 3589: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3569: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3544: 3535: 3532: 3526: 3524: 3517: 3509: 3505: 3496: 3494: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3476: 3475:rifle grenade 3471: 3469: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3406: 3398: 3396: 3395:22 Long Rifle 3392: 3385: 3376: 3367: 3365: 3360: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3319: 3316: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3287: 3284: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3243: 3231: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141:and European 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2984:US Navy SEALs 2981: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2883: 2880: 2870: 2868:applications. 2866: 2862: 2859: 2854: 2851: 2847: 2844: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2791:shotgun shell 2788: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2771: 2766: 2758: 2751: 2746: 2733: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2710: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2688: 2685: 2682:Nearly every 2680: 2678: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2657: 2655: 2654:heeled bullet 2650: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2613: 2604: 2602: 2597: 2595: 2594:Boxer primers 2589: 2581: 2576: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2523: 2519: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2493: 2488: 2465: 2463: 2462:.50-90 Sharps 2459: 2455: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2415: 2405: 2399: 2389: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2350:56-56 Spencer 2347: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2215: 2210: 2203: 2199: 2198:Martini-Henry 2195: 2191: 2186: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2146:powder flasks 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2119: 2115: 2106: 2104: 2099: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2062:A. J. Forsyth 2059: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 1999: 1992: 1986: 1980: 1974: 1968: 1962: 1955: 1945: 1942: 1934: 1931:February 2014 1924: 1920: 1914: 1913: 1908:This section 1906: 1902: 1897: 1896: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1878:its own tests 1875: 1871: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1811: 1805:Manufacturing 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1778: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1758:primer pocket 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1622:Joseph Manton 1619: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1561:, a piece of 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1527:muzzleloaders 1525: 1521: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1496: 1488: 1480: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1406:releases the 1405: 1401: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1281:Olympic sport 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1194:copper alloys 1191: 1187: 1186:gilding metal 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1107:umbrella term 1104: 1098: 1094: 1093:Shot (pellet) 1090: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1065:Plastic cases 1056: 1046: 1040: 1036: 1033:This article 1031: 1027: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 996: 991: 987: 984: 979: 975: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 940: 935: 931: 930:Magnum-action 928: 925: 921: 918: 915: 911: 907: 904: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 882: 881: 880: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 857: 855: 851: 847: 841: 839: 835: 834: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 805: 801: 800:.470 Capstick 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 763: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 697: 694: 691: 690:polymer-cased 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 662: 653: 651: 647: 643: 639: 629: 627: 623: 622:ambient level 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 584: 581: 577: 576: 571: 570: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 496: 494: 490: 486: 482: 476: 474: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 414:breechloading 397: 391: 390:.50-90 Sharps 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 254: 250: 248: 247: 242: 241: 236: 235: 230: 226: 225: 219: 217: 213: 209: 205: 200: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 165: 162: 161:breechloading 158: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 91: 90: 86: 81: 78: 73: 69: 65: 64: 60: 55: 52: 47: 43: 40: 34: 30: 19: 7361:Arms control 7241:Gun violence 7208:Jungle style 7207: 7180:Gun cultures 7085:Intermediate 7046: 6762:Fire forming 6612:Rate of fire 6483:Stadiametric 6461:Transitional 6405:Self-loading 6360:Gas-operated 6320:Blow-forward 6252:Red dot 6162:Squeeze bore 6110:Pistol slide 6095:Muzzle brake 6063:Bottom metal 5610:Machine guns 5268:Line thrower 5248:muzzleloader 5244:Breechloader 5097:Israel Hayom 5095: 5079: 5067:. Retrieved 5059:"GunsOnPegs" 5053: 5041:. Retrieved 5027: 5015:. Retrieved 5005: 4998: 4985: 4979: 4969: 4963: 4950: 4944: 4932:. Retrieved 4925:the original 4920: 4907: 4894: 4888: 4875: 4869: 4856: 4850: 4838:. Retrieved 4824: 4815: 4801: 4780: 4768:. Retrieved 4754: 4742:. Retrieved 4728: 4716:. Retrieved 4702: 4690:. Retrieved 4676: 4659: 4655: 4647: 4634: 4628: 4616:. Retrieved 4602: 4589: 4570: 4564: 4545: 4526: 4514:. Retrieved 4500: 4485:, ABC-CLIO, 4482: 4455: 4439: 4434: 4374: 4355: 4349: 4344:, p. 30 4337: 4330:Greener 1907 4325: 4320:, pp. 29–30. 4315: 4309: 4293: 4283: 4277: 4269: 4265: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4227: 4221: 4210:, retrieved 4200: 4176:. Retrieved 4169:the original 4156: 4144:. Retrieved 4130: 4118:. Retrieved 4104: 4092:. Retrieved 4078: 4066:. Retrieved 4052: 4040:. Retrieved 4029: 4005:. Retrieved 4001:the original 3991: 3971: 3964: 3944: 3915: 3907: 3904: 3895: 3883:. Retrieved 3874: 3865: 3846: 3827: 3815:. Retrieved 3806: 3797: 3785:. Retrieved 3771: 3752: 3749:"Cartridges" 3742: 3734: 3727:. Retrieved 3703: 3695: 3688:. Retrieved 3684:the original 3670: 3651: 3607:Antique guns 3590: 3574: 3549: 3527: 3519: 3499:Dummy rounds 3490: 3479: 3472: 3464: 3456: 3446: 3442: 3404: 3387: 3361: 3347:at 17.5 ± 2 3338: 3327: 3320: 3311: 3280: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3254: 3172:battle rifle 3012:.303 British 2962: 2876: 2797:Shotgun slug 2782:.303 British 2681: 2663: 2651: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2598: 2591: 2540:.303 British 2529: 2517: 2496: 2489: 2466: 2454:black powder 2451: 2439: 2435: 2422: 2416: 2412: 2409:Nomenclature 2386: 2383: 2358: 2337:lever-action 2315:Rollin White 2296: 2288: 2257: 2246: 2235: 2212:French Army 2202:.303 British 2159: 2142: 2123: 2098:malfunctions 2094: 2070: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2035: 2004: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1960: 1937: 1928: 1917:Please help 1912:verification 1909: 1886: 1867: 1847: 1839: 1831:drawing dies 1828: 1816: 1779: 1762:Hiram Berdan 1757: 1755: 1728: 1661: 1639:appeared in 1604: 1594: 1543:metallic cap 1524:black powder 1513: 1451: 1397: 1363:baton rounds 1351:rubber slugs 1332:rubber balls 1289: 1250:riot control 1236: 1197: 1177: 1150:malleability 1139: 1100: 1097:Shotgun slug 1063: 1050: 1034: 1012: 971: 963:fire forming 944: 929: 919: 906:Short-action 905: 883: 858: 846:accelerative 842: 831: 823: 819: 807: 786: 782: 774: 764: 728:machine guns 701: 698:on the right 649: 645: 641: 637: 635: 604:and out the 594:fire-forming 573: 567: 522:or a locked 507: 497: 477: 466:close combat 462:rate of fire 411: 385: 377: 369: 361: 353: 345: 337: 329: 321: 313: 305: 297: 289: 281: 273: 265: 257: 244: 238: 232: 222: 220: 201: 166: 150:plastic case 134:black powder 101: 97: 95: 88: 84: 79: 76: 61: 58: 53: 50: 41: 38: 29: 7475:Legislation 7427:in the U.S. 7378:Disarmament 7373:Gun control 7070:Handloading 6857:Dummy round 6729:Cooking off 6724:Malfunction 6712:Field strip 6707:Maintenance 6597:Penetration 6560:Match grade 6478:Mathematics 6410:Single-shot 6350:Closed bolt 6264:Scope mount 6227:Holographic 6217:Finderscope 6105:Pistol grip 6083:Speedloader 5937:Telescoping 5917:Breechblock 5790:Gatling gun 5689:Pump action 5330:Single-shot 5253:Combination 5033:"Daisy V/L" 4840:18 December 4342:Sharpe 1938 3516:Dummy round 3453:Brandon Lee 3391:.38 Special 3159:Kalashnikov 3050:.40 S&W 3037:.38 Special 3033:.357 Magnum 2944:.38 Special 2803:Baton round 2732:.38 special 2675:to provide 2508:.357 Magnum 2499:.38 Special 2431:.30-caliber 2398:Handloading 2324:Samuel Colt 2272:6mm Flobert 2268:parlor guns 2190:.577 Snider 1882:headstamped 1791:Brandon Lee 1680:needle guns 1641:Regency era 1630:Joshua Shaw 1609:discovered 1597:to provide 1444:breechblock 1426:containing 1393:handloading 1285:World War I 1278:competitive 1262:Wax bullets 1242:penetrative 1190:cupronickel 1182:powder coat 1127:handloaders 1000:Warsaw Pact 920:Long-action 894:(2.25 884:Mini-action 791:cylindrical 752:barrel bore 678:FN 5.7×28mm 670:.40 S&W 530:. When the 520:breechblock 140:) within a 124:substance ( 7514:Ammunition 7508:Categories 7279:Gun safety 7274:Gunfighter 7065:Centrefire 7047:Cartridges 7027:Snake shot 6967:Round shot 6957:Projectile 6942:Incendiary 6840:Ammunition 6799:Propellant 6767:Obturation 6739:Squib load 6667:ammunition 6505:Accurizing 6441:Ballistics 6355:Electronic 6274:Telescopic 6125:Recoil pad 5984:Firing pin 5959:Bump stock 5922:Breechface 5863:Components 5855:components 5708:Ammunition 5456:Wallet gun 5400:Pepper-box 5345:Spring-gun 5340:Smoothbore 5335:Sleeve gun 5069:6 February 4770:7 November 4744:7 November 4718:4 November 4692:4 November 4618:25 January 4178:4 November 4007:5 November 3817:7 November 3787:1 February 3663:References 3581:dry firing 3256:Snake shot 3251:Snake shot 3237:Snake shot 3226:14.5×114mm 3220:12.7×108mm 3182:7.62×54mmR 3143:brown bear 3117:7.62×51 mm 3103:5.45×39 mm 3060:.44 Magnum 2988:Bundeswehr 2948:357 Magnum 2932:40 S&W 2684:centerfire 2647:supersonic 2580:firing pin 2570:Centerfire 2564:20mm×110RB 2492:.30 Newton 2402:See also: 2354:centerfire 2284:.22 CB Cap 2280:.22 BB Cap 2276:propellant 2258:Frenchman 2253:obturation 2226:8 mm Lebel 2058:Brown Bess 1862:Centerfire 1783:squib load 1775:handloader 1739:reloadable 1700:centerfire 1696:Königgrätz 1676:firing pin 1611:fulminates 1595:flash hole 1559:touch hole 1551:slow match 1535:touch hole 1516:gun barrel 1508:See also: 1456:gun barrel 1416:exothermic 1377:Propellant 1344:non-lethal 1328:flechettes 1308:inertially 1292:smoothbore 1266:Simunition 1238:Non-lethal 1156:, and low 1083:Projectile 1077:centerfire 1053:March 2023 1004:tolerances 995:propellant 986:small arms 959:handloaded 810:case mouth 760:firing pin 696:shotshells 648:, and the 646:propellant 642:projectile 632:Components 618:loud blast 583:combustion 580:exothermic 569:deflagrate 548:firing pin 506:(i.e. "in 493:propellant 430:slow match 422:gun barrel 310:.22 Hornet 302:5mm/35 SMc 294:.17/23 SMc 212:small arms 181:centerfire 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