1385:
1262:
48:
1436:
1244:
1360:
1400:
1198:
1342:
562:
1297:
1451:
1230:
1180:
1216:
1418:
1470:
36:
1162:
1276:
1621:
1567:
1096:
is lower in elevation and less rugged than the surrounding regions and is characterized by gently sloping mountains and broad valleys. Elevation varies from 1,400 to 5,300 feet (430 to 1,620 m). The climate is drier than other parts of the
Cascades, and the vegetation reflects the long summer
875:
glaciation left numerous rock-basin lakes throughout the plateau. Sinuous, medium gradient streams cross the subdued, glaciated terrain. The region is extensively forested with mountain hemlock, Pacific silver fir, and subalpine fir, with some grand fir, noble fir, Douglas-fir,
798:
of the High
Cascades. The region has lower temperatures and receives more winter snow than the lowlands and valleys to the west. Soils have a frigid or cryic temperature regimes. Abundant precipitation supports forests dominated by Douglas-fir and western hemlock, with
1315:
2255:
1894:
777:
is characterized by steeply sloping, dissected mountains with high to medium gradient streams and glacial rock-basin lakes. Elevation varies from 3,000 and 6,500 feet (910 and 2,000 m). The western
Cascades are older and more
984:. Elsewhere, there is bare rock. The region covers 388 square miles (1,000 km) in Washington and 331 square miles (860 km) in Oregon and contains many of the prominent volcanic peaks of the high Cascades, including
2270:
2449:
908:. The region covers 1,909 square miles (4,940 km) in Oregon and 310 square miles (803 km) in Washington, running along the spine of the Cascades; an isolated pocket of this ecoregion can be found on
1036:. Many tarns occur. With an elevation that varies from 4,000 to 8,200 feet (1,200 to 2,500 m), it is an intermediate zone between the Southern Cascades and the Subalpine/Alpine zone. Cryic soils support
2325:
2402:
2490:
2149:
1874:
2549:
2345:
1879:
765:. The Westerns Cascades Lowlands and Valleys is the largest of the Cascades subregions, covering 3,905 square miles (10,110 km) in Oregon and 2,397 square miles (6,208 km) in Washington.
2386:
2057:
1889:
2305:
2265:
2169:
2154:
2001:
2480:
2250:
2245:
2144:
952:
still occur on the highest peaks, decreasing from north to south. The vegetation is adapted to high elevations, cold winter temperatures, a short growing season, and a deep winter snow pack.
2109:
2260:
586:
and narrow valleys on the lower slopes of the
Cascade Mountains. Elevation varies from 600 to 4,000 feet (180 to 1,220 m). Its mild, wet climate promotes lush forests dominated by
2454:
2310:
2205:
1505:
2933:
2179:
1985:
1970:
2464:
2285:
2052:
2495:
2485:
2320:
2275:
1955:
1950:
1930:
2542:
2816:
1980:
1940:
847:
areas. It is the second-largest of the
Cascades subregions, covering 2,729 square miles (7,070 km) in Oregon and 1,828 square miles (4,734 km) in Washington.
2883:
1975:
1884:
1835:
2535:
1384:
1314:
1040:
dominated by mountain hemlock, lodgepole pine, and
Pacific silver fir; they are colder than the mesic and frigid soils of the Southern Cascades. Grand fir,
2350:
1450:
1920:
1754:
180:
566:
1659:
1097:
drought. River and stream discharge are also significantly lower than in systems to the north. Western hemlock and western red cedar, which are
1704:
1197:
2507:
1845:
1828:
1802:
1529:
1495:
495:
222:
218:
1435:
2335:
468:
1243:
2574:
2230:
565:
Level IV ecoregions in the
Cascades in Oregon and Washington. A separate section on California's Mt. Shasta has not been mapped yet. (
2646:
2616:
2280:
2124:
2011:
1490:
1341:
348:
295:, with elevations of up to 14,411 feet (4,392 m). The western Cascades are older, lower, and dissected by numerous, steep-sided
40:
Scattered patches of subalpine fir grow below glaciers and permanent snowfields on the south slope of Mount
Rainier in ecoregion 4d.
2088:
1821:
1484:
1048:
also occur and become more common toward the south and east. Whitebark pine is found at high elevations. Understory plants include
2371:
1945:
1399:
714:
686:
546:
1631:
1359:
2928:
2918:
2908:
2376:
2330:
2139:
1391:
1207:
831:
of vine maple, rhododendron, Oregon grape, huckleberry, and thimbleberry. Today, the region is heavily managed for logging and
332:
2636:
2315:
2200:
2006:
1646:
1296:
742:
483:
108:
2776:
2195:
1013:
1577:
2893:
2756:
2072:
2037:
1592:
1179:
2381:
2340:
2240:
2067:
2042:
1790:
1697:
448:
2888:
2858:
2626:
2134:
658:. The steep valleys trending to the west contain high and medium gradient rivers and streams that support cold water
396:
1625:
1571:
2766:
2686:
2434:
2114:
1510:
2736:
2656:
2418:
2290:
2159:
2104:
1640:
1586:
340:
1417:
2898:
2062:
1161:
1072:, and Brewer's sedge. The region tends to be drier than the Cascade Crest Montane Forest, with a longer summer
1261:
2923:
2838:
2746:
2596:
2355:
2032:
1965:
1869:
1785:
1764:
1733:
1690:
1351:
1253:
541:
were extirpated in the early 20th century but a few packs have recolonized the ecoregion. In April 2024, the
487:
479:
376:
118:
103:
2938:
2848:
2526:
2439:
2300:
2027:
1780:
1714:
1500:
690:
408:
80:
2706:
2225:
2215:
2129:
1935:
1728:
1427:
1306:
1189:
460:
428:
360:
314:
310:
2903:
2235:
1960:
1925:
1759:
475:
424:
352:
344:
113:
956:
and shrubby subalpine meadow vegetation and scattered patches of mountain hemlock, subalpine fir, and
2584:
2047:
1915:
1864:
1369:
1320:
1171:
1081:
464:
456:
444:
416:
336:
98:
1101:
in the
Western Cascades ecoregions, decline southward in the Southern Cascades, and are replaced by
2913:
2726:
2676:
2666:
2562:
2444:
2174:
1524:
1475:
1441:
1106:
997:
989:
738:
722:
440:
432:
392:
388:
498:
in
Washington and Oregon, as described below. Level IV mapping is not yet complete in California.
2459:
2119:
1859:
1215:
1037:
698:
436:
2878:
2606:
2295:
1229:
1133:
are prevalent. The region covers 1,414 square miles (3,660 km) in Southern Oregon, in the
1001:
384:
356:
863:
and cones that reach a maximum elevation of about 6,500 feet (2,000 m). Volcanism in the
2828:
2806:
1409:
1009:
542:
491:
412:
404:
400:
380:
368:
364:
331:
Much of the region consists of public lands managed by the federal government, including the
1813:
2786:
2164:
1138:
1102:
758:
452:
420:
262:
261:, near the Oregon-California border, including the peaks and western slopes of most of the
258:
47:
8:
1518:
940:. Pleistocene glaciation reshaped the mountains above 6,500 feet (2,000 m), leaving
706:
702:
650:
are warmer here than in higher elevation ecoregions, and it is one of the most important
631:
623:
502:
63:
52:
Level III ecoregions of the Pacific Northwest. The Cascades ecoregion is marked with (4).
2510:
1805:
1645: (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs; with a
1591: (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs; with a
2210:
1134:
1061:
816:
718:
682:
663:
372:
230:
155:
1275:
1405:
1332:
1098:
1076:
and more intermittent streams. The region covers 915 square miles (2,370 km) in
1069:
969:
762:
655:
591:
292:
2220:
1365:
1328:
1249:
1221:
1203:
1142:
1122:
1065:
1053:
1017:
953:
909:
905:
877:
800:
694:
595:
19:
This article is about the ecoregion designated by the EPA. For the mountains, see
1682:
1347:
1077:
977:
973:
730:
710:
587:
250:
1032:
is an undulating, glaciated, volcanic plateau punctuated by isolated buttes and
561:
1130:
1045:
1005:
957:
929:
881:
734:
678:
666:
68:
2872:
2696:
2589:
1456:
Clouds fill the valleys, but not the mountaintops. From the ISS in June 2006.
1324:
1185:
1033:
985:
808:
787:
726:
670:
599:
280:
242:
195:
182:
20:
1302:
1235:
1118:
981:
913:
901:
783:
627:
619:
615:
550:
266:
2796:
2716:
1423:
937:
893:
872:
844:
824:
226:
35:
1660:"Agencies announce decision to restore grizzly bears to North Cascades"
1281:
1126:
1110:
993:
965:
889:
836:
832:
828:
754:
674:
659:
643:
607:
238:
165:
2529:
1267:
1167:
1114:
1041:
961:
949:
885:
820:
812:
804:
746:
603:
534:
322:
303:
246:
2523:
1049:
864:
795:
750:
277:
273:
1073:
941:
868:
779:
530:
522:
518:
514:
318:
306:
288:
284:
254:
2821:
2567:
945:
933:
897:
840:
791:
651:
635:
526:
325:
299:
296:
234:
160:
884:, and an understory of vine maple, huckleberry, rhododendron,
2002:
6 Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands
1843:
1057:
1023:
860:
790:
of the High Cascades to the east. They are underlain by dark
639:
611:
583:
573:
287:. The eastern part of the region contains active and dormant
75:
871:
volcanics of the Western Cascades Montane Highlands. Later,
928:
is an area of high, glaciated, volcanic peaks rising above
647:
538:
506:
16:
Temperate coniferous forests ecoregion of the United States
835:, and it is an important water source for lower elevation
768:
859:
consists of an undulating plateau punctuated by volcanic
510:
2934:
Plant communities of the West Coast of the United States
1141:
watersheds, separated from the Western Cascades by the
1465:
850:
309:, which supports an extensive and highly productive
2817:
Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests
2256:56 Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana Drift Plains
1712:
1064:. At the highest elevations, open meadows support
2884:Temperate coniferous forests of the United States
1576:Thorson, TD; Bryce, SA; Lammers, DA; et al.
919:
2870:
2125:29 Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains (Cross Timbers)
1895:120 Coastal Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Forests
1575:
1030:High Southern Cascades Montane Forest ecoregion
580:Western Cascades Lowlands and Valleys ecoregion
1521:maintains an alternate classification system:
2543:
2508:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1829:
1803:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1698:
1530:List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF)
1496:List of ecoregions in the United States (EPA)
474:The Cascades is bordered on the north by the
223:United States Environmental Protection Agency
775:Western Cascades Montane Highlands ecoregion
2271:60 Northern Appalachian Plateau and Uplands
1633:Ecoregions of Western Washington and Oregon
1630:Pater, D; Bryce, SA; Kagan, J; et al.
1629:
469:Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument
2575:Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests
2550:
2536:
2450:104 Interior Forested Lowlands and Uplands
2351:83 Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Lowlands
1836:
1822:
1705:
1691:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1024:High Southern Cascades Montane Forest (4e)
574:Western Cascades Lowlands and Valleys (4a)
2647:Central British Columbia Mountain forests
2617:British Columbia mainland coastal forests
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1491:List of ecoregions in North America (CEC)
1087:
349:Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area
109:Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills (9)
1485:Commission for Environmental Cooperation
560:
494:ecoregions. It been subdivided into six
265:. A discontiguous section is located on
1921:9 Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills
1755:9 Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills
1662:. National Park Service. April 25, 2024
1598:
1129:. At lower elevations, Douglas-fir and
769:Western Cascades Montane Highlands (4b)
136:44,952 km (17,356 sq mi)
2871:
1544:
1483:Ecoregions defined by the EPA and the
1392:Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest
1208:Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest
944:, glacial lakes, and U-shaped glacial
857:Cascade Crest Montane Forest ecoregion
556:
2637:Central and Southern Cascades forests
2241:53 Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains
1817:
1686:
1080:and includes the lower elevations of
553:to the North Cascades in Washington.
484:Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills
2777:Northern transitional alpine forests
549:announced a decision to reintroduce
2757:Northern California coastal forests
2326:72 Interior River Valleys and Hills
926:Cascades Subalpine/Alpine ecoregion
721:watersheds; and in Washington, the
13:
2336:74 Mississippi Valley Loess Plains
932:, with cascading streams, glacial
14:
2950:
2859:Wasatch and Uinta montane forests
2627:Cascade Mountains leeward forests
2491:112 Bristol Bay-Nushagak Lowlands
2403:76 Southern Florida Coastal Plain
2231:51 North Central Hardwood Forests
1678:
1109:, white fir, Shasta red fir, and
851:Cascade Crest Montane Forest (4c)
283:that has been affected by alpine
2767:Northern Pacific coastal forests
2687:Fraser Plateau and Basin complex
2356:84 Atlantic Coastal Pine Barrens
2281:63 Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain
2150:42 Northwestern Glaciated Plains
1875:111 Ahklun and Kilbuck Mountains
1624: This article incorporates
1619:
1570: This article incorporates
1565:
1511:List of ecoregions in California
1506:List of ecoregions in Washington
1468:
1449:
1434:
1416:
1398:
1383:
1358:
1340:
1313:
1295:
1274:
1260:
1242:
1228:
1214:
1196:
1178:
1160:
46:
34:
2737:Middle Atlantic coastal forests
2657:Central Pacific coastal forests
2089:23 Arizona/New Mexico Mountains
2012:8 Southern California Mountains
1904:Northwestern Forested Mountains
1846:Ecoregions in the United States
1743:Northwestern Forested Mountains
1641:United States Geological Survey
1587:United States Geological Survey
1444:receives heavy recreational use
321:, as well as recreational use.
2372:49 Northern Minnesota Wetlands
2346:82 Laurentian Plains and Hills
1946:19 Wasatch and Uinta Mountains
1880:113 Alaska Peninsula Mountains
1652:
920:Cascades Subalpine/Alpine (4d)
867:epoch overtopped the existing
1:
2929:Regions of Washington (state)
2919:Pacific temperate rainforests
2909:Forests of Washington (state)
2839:South Central Rockies forests
2747:North Central Rockies forests
2597:Atlantic coastal pine barrens
2387:62 North Central Appalachians
2377:50 Northern Lakes and Forests
2331:73 Mississippi Alluvial Plain
2140:34 Western Gulf Coastal Plain
2058:22 Arizona/New Mexico Plateau
1890:119 Pacific Coastal Mountains
1537:
1376:
1352:William O. Douglas Wilderness
1254:William O. Douglas Wilderness
582:comprises a network of steep
2849:Southeastern conifer forests
2527:temperate coniferous forests
2481:109 Subarctic Coastal Plains
2412:Southern Semi-Arid Highlands
2316:70 Western Allegheny Plateau
2306:68 Southwestern Appalachians
2266:59 Northeastern Coastal Zone
2251:55 Eastern Corn Belt Plains
2201:33 East Central Texas Plains
2170:46 Northern Glaciated Plains
2155:43 Northwestern Great Plains
1501:List of ecoregions in Oregon
1117:, twinflower, Oregon grape,
361:Rogue River National Forests
328:occur at higher elevations.
241:. Somewhat smaller than the
81:Temperate coniferous forests
7:
2707:Great Basin montane forests
2246:54 Central Corn Belt Plains
2196:32 Texas Blackland Prairies
2175:47 Western Corn Belt Plains
2145:40 Central Irregular Plains
2068:80 Northern Basin and Range
2007:7 Central California Valley
1791:80 Northern Basin and Range
1461:
1428:Mount Rainier National Park
1307:Mount Rainier National Park
1190:Mount Rainier National Park
1094:Southern Cascades ecoregion
896:. Mountain meadows support
786:and prominent snow-covered
480:Klamath Mountains ecoregion
245:for which it is named, the
10:
2955:
2894:Flora of the Cascade Range
2110:26 Southwestern Tablelands
2073:81 Sonoran Basin and Range
2038:13 Central Basin and Range
1148:
465:Crater Lake National Parks
302:. The region has a moist,
18:
2585:Arizona Mountains forests
2521:
2504:
2473:
2427:
2411:
2395:
2382:58 Northeastern Highlands
2364:
2341:75 Southern Coastal Plain
2261:57 Huron/Erie Lake Plains
2188:
2097:
2081:
2043:14 Mojave Basin and Range
2020:
1994:
1903:
1852:
1799:
1773:
1742:
1721:
1370:Squak Mountain State Park
1321:Oregon slender salamander
1172:Wenatchee National Forest
1082:Crater Lake National Park
948:. Glaciers and permanent
486:, and on the west by the
457:Mountain Lakes Wilderness
174:
148:
140:
132:
127:
86:
74:
62:
57:
45:
33:
28:
2889:Ecoregions of California
2727:Klamath-Siskiyou forests
2677:Eastern Cascades forests
2667:Colorado Rockies forests
2563:Alberta Mountain forests
2455:106 Interior Bottomlands
2435:101 Arctic Coastal Plain
2189:Eastern Temperate Forest
2135:31 Southern Texas Plains
1995:Mediterranean California
1853:Marine West Coast Forest
1722:Marine West Coast Forest
1525:List of ecoregions (WWF)
1476:Pacific Northwest portal
1442:Mt. Hood National Forest
1288:
1153:
1113:, with an understory of
1107:California incense-cedar
1038:mixed coniferous forests
980:, tufted hairgrass, and
794:in contrast to the gray
476:North Cascades ecoregion
2311:69 Central Appalachians
2206:35 South Central Plains
2115:27 Central Great Plains
1517:The conservation group
654:producing areas in the
276:region is underlain by
2811:Canada, United States
2791:Canada, United States
2771:Canada, United States
2751:Canada, United States
2681:Canada, United States
2661:Canada, United States
2631:Canada, United States
2621:Canada, United States
2607:Blue Mountains forests
2419:79 Madrean Archipelago
2291:65 Southeastern Plains
2160:44 Nebraska Sand Hills
2105:25 Western High Plains
2021:North American Deserts
1986:118 Wrangell Mountains
1971:105 Interior Highlands
1774:North American Deserts
1626:public domain material
1572:public domain material
1088:Southern Cascades (4f)
681:in Oregon include the
570:
478:, on the south by the
333:Mount Baker-Snoqualmie
243:Cascade mountain range
119:Klamath Mountains (78)
2899:Forests of California
2829:Sierra Nevada forests
2807:Puget lowland forests
2465:108 Ogilvie Mountains
2211:36 Ouachita Mountains
2180:48 Lake Agassiz Plain
2063:24 Chihuahuan Deserts
1410:Opal Creek Wilderness
564:
482:, on the east by the
293:Cascades Volcanic Arc
104:Willamette Valley (3)
2924:Ecoregions of Oregon
2787:Okanagan dry forests
2496:114 Aleutian Islands
2486:110 Seward Peninsula
2440:102 Arctic Foothills
2396:Tropical Wet Forests
2286:64 Northern Piedmont
2053:20 Colorado Plateaus
2033:12 Snake River Plain
1966:78 Klamath Mountains
1786:12 Snake River Plain
1765:78 Klamath Mountains
1715:Ecoregions in Oregon
1579:Ecoregions of Oregon
1390:Subalpine meadow in
313:that is intensively
2939:Nearctic ecoregions
2797:Piney Woods forests
2321:71 Interior Plateau
2301:67 Ridge and Valley
2276:61 Erie Drift Plain
2221:38 Boston Mountains
2028:10 Columbia Plateau
1956:41 Canadian Rockies
1951:21 Southern Rockies
1931:15 Northern Rockies
1870:3 Willamette Valley
1781:10 Columbia Plateau
1734:3 Willamette Valley
1519:World Wildlife Fund
557:Level IV ecoregions
496:Level IV ecoregions
449:Rogue–Umpqua Divide
219:Level III ecoregion
192: /
114:North Cascades (77)
2506:as defined by the
2226:39 Ozark Highlands
2216:37 Arkansas Valley
2130:30 Edwards Plateau
1981:117 Copper Plateau
1936:16 Idaho Batholith
1801:as defined by the
1062:sidebells shinleaf
978:black alpine sedge
817:Pacific silver fir
571:
397:Salmon–Huckleberry
377:William O. Douglas
221:designated by the
215:Cascades ecoregion
2904:Forests of Oregon
2867:
2866:
2516:
2515:
2236:52 Driftless Area
2082:Temperate Sierras
1961:77 North Cascades
1941:17 Middle Rockies
1926:11 Blue Mountains
1811:
1810:
1760:11 Blue Mountains
1406:Old-growth forest
1099:indicator species
1070:Newberry knotweed
930:subalpine meadows
763:Willamette Valley
656:Pacific Northwest
592:Coast douglas-fir
488:Willamette Valley
409:Bull of the Woods
311:coniferous forest
249:extends north to
211:
210:
99:Puget Lowland (2)
2946:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2519:
2518:
2445:103 Brooks Range
2365:Northern Forests
2048:18 Wyoming Basin
1976:116 Alaska Range
1838:
1831:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1453:
1438:
1420:
1402:
1387:
1366:Pacific sideband
1362:
1344:
1317:
1299:
1278:
1264:
1250:Pink wintergreen
1246:
1232:
1222:Western redcedar
1218:
1204:Mountain hemlock
1200:
1182:
1164:
1143:Calapooya Divide
1123:golden chinkapin
1105:species such as
1066:Shasta buckwheat
1018:Mount McLoughlin
910:Newberry Volcano
906:tufted hairgrass
878:Engelmann spruce
801:mountain hemlock
677:. Notable river
662:, including the
596:western redcedar
501:Animals include
429:Mount Washington
207:
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185:
50:
38:
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2460:107 Yukon Flats
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2016:
1990:
1916:5 Sierra Nevada
1899:
1865:2 Puget Lowland
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1348:Speyeria zerene
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1078:Southern Oregon
1026:
998:Mount Jefferson
960:occur near the
922:
853:
771:
588:western hemlock
576:
559:
425:Mount Jefferson
341:Gifford Pinchot
269:in California.
257:, and south to
251:Snoqualmie Pass
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1679:External links
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1131:ponderosa pine
1089:
1086:
1046:Shasta red fir
1025:
1022:
1006:Mount Bachelor
970:Brewer's sedge
958:whitebark pine
921:
918:
882:lodgepole pine
852:
849:
770:
767:
757:and municipal
719:Bull Run River
667:Chinook salmon
575:
572:
558:
555:
445:Mount Thielsen
417:Middle Santiam
209:
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2879:Cascade Range
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2296:66 Blue Ridge
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1103:Sierra Nevada
1100:
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1054:Prince's pine
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749:store winter
748:
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707:South Santiam
704:
703:North Santiam
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693:Forks of the
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551:grizzly bears
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489:
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462:
461:Mount Rainier
458:
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441:Boulder Creek
438:
434:
433:Three Sisters
430:
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418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
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394:
393:Trapper Creek
390:
389:Indian Heaven
386:
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281:volcanic rock
279:
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264:
263:High Cascades
260:
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252:
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236:
232:
228:
225:(EPA) in the
224:
220:
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177:
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167:
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147:
144:United States
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37:
32:
27:
22:
21:Cascade Range
2098:Great Plains
1910:
1749:
1664:. Retrieved
1654:
1647:Reverse side
1632:
1593:Reverse side
1578:
1303:Hoary marmot
1236:Thimbleberry
1135:South Umpqua
1119:serviceberry
1093:
1091:
1029:
1027:
1010:Diamond Peak
982:alpine aster
974:Holm's sedge
925:
923:
856:
854:
845:agricultural
784:lava plateau
774:
772:
759:water supply
745:watersheds.
683:North Umpqua
628:thimbleberry
620:Oregon grape
616:rhododendron
579:
577:
500:
473:
437:Diamond Peak
330:
271:
267:Mount Shasta
214:
212:
2717:Haida Gwaii
2165:45 Piedmont
1333:Douglas-fir
1323:, found in
1139:Rogue River
1014:Mount Scott
990:Mount Adams
966:Wet meadows
894:wintergreen
873:Pleistocene
825:Pacific yew
743:Green River
624:huckleberry
503:black bears
385:Mount Adams
285:glaciations
274:mountainous
259:Hayden Pass
227:U.S. states
199: /
175:Coordinates
2873:Categories
2530:ecoregions
1911:4 Cascades
1844:Level III
1750:4 Cascades
1713:Level III
1666:August 17,
1538:References
1377:Landscapes
1282:Twinflower
1127:oceanspray
1111:sugar pine
994:Mount Hood
962:timberline
954:Herbaceous
950:snowfields
890:twinflower
833:recreation
829:understory
755:irrigation
747:Reservoirs
695:Willamette
675:bull trout
664:threatened
644:blackberry
608:vine maple
467:; and the
413:Opal Creek
405:Table Rock
401:Mount Hood
381:Goat Rocks
369:Norse Peak
365:Clearwater
353:Willamette
345:Mount Hood
239:California
231:Washington
196:45°N 122°W
166:California
156:Washington
1268:Beargrass
1168:Grand fir
1115:snowberry
1042:white fir
886:beargrass
827:, and an
821:red alder
813:grand fir
805:noble fir
782:than the
731:Nisqually
711:Clackamas
679:drainages
671:steelhead
660:salmonids
632:swordfern
604:red alder
535:chipmunks
453:Sky Lakes
421:Menagerie
337:Wenatchee
323:Subalpine
304:temperate
289:volcanoes
247:ecoregion
128:Geography
2524:Nearctic
1462:See also
1329:redcedar
1050:woodrush
968:support
942:moraines
865:Pliocene
841:suburban
796:andesite
751:snowmelt
735:Puyallup
699:McKenzie
567:Full map
531:raccoons
278:Cenozoic
201:45; -122
69:Nearctic
29:Cascades
2781:Canada
2721:Canada
2691:Canada
2651:Canada
2579:Canada
1408:in the
1350:in the
1335:forests
1252:in the
1206:in the
1149:Gallery
1074:drought
946:canyons
934:cirques
869:Miocene
761:in the
727:Cowlitz
594:, with
523:coyotes
519:cougars
515:bobcats
459:Areas;
373:Tatoosh
326:meadows
319:logging
315:managed
307:climate
300:valleys
291:in the
255:Seattle
253:, near
141:Country
87:Borders
58:Ecology
2822:Mexico
2568:Canada
2474:Tundra
1331:, and
1125:, and
1060:, and
1058:lupine
1044:, and
1016:, and
936:, and
904:, and
898:sedges
892:, and
880:, and
861:buttes
843:, and
823:, and
792:basalt
780:eroded
741:, and
715:Salmon
691:Middle
673:, and
652:timber
642:, and
636:oxalis
584:ridges
539:Wolves
533:, and
527:skunks
455:, and
363:; the
359:, and
357:Umpqua
297:stream
237:, and
235:Oregon
161:Oregon
149:States
2428:Taiga
1637:(PDF)
1628:from
1583:(PDF)
1574:from
1325:maple
1289:Fauna
1154:Flora
1034:cones
938:tarns
837:urban
788:cones
739:White
723:Lewis
687:North
648:Soils
640:hazel
612:salal
547:USFWS
217:is a
187:122°W
76:Biome
64:Realm
1668:2024
1424:Tarn
1137:and
1092:The
1028:The
924:The
914:Bend
855:The
773:The
753:for
717:and
689:and
590:and
578:The
545:and
507:deer
490:and
463:and
317:for
272:The
213:The
184:45°N
133:Area
93:List
1426:in
1368:in
1305:in
1188:in
1170:in
543:NPS
511:elk
229:of
2875::
1649:).
1639:.
1600:^
1595:).
1585:.
1546:^
1487::
1327:,
1145:.
1121:,
1084:.
1068:,
1056:,
1052:,
1020:.
1012:,
1008:,
1004:,
1000:,
996:,
992:,
988:,
976:,
972:,
964:.
916:.
900:,
888:,
839:,
819:,
815:,
811:,
807:,
803:,
737:,
733:,
729:,
725:,
713:,
709:,
705:,
701:,
697:,
685:,
669:,
646:.
638:,
634:,
630:,
626:,
622:,
618:,
614:,
610:,
606:,
602:,
598:,
569:).
537:.
529:,
525:,
521:,
517:,
513:,
509:,
505:,
471:.
451:,
447:,
443:,
439:,
435:,
431:,
427:,
423:,
419:,
415:,
411:,
407:,
403:,
399:,
395:,
391:,
387:,
383:,
379:,
375:,
371:,
367:,
355:,
351:,
347:,
343:,
339:,
335:,
233:,
2551:e
2544:t
2537:v
1837:e
1830:t
1823:v
1706:e
1699:t
1692:v
1670:.
1643:.
1589:.
23:.
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