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1134:-1. War flag that flew in the castle of San Cristóbal, on May 12, 1898. Nº 3.471 of the Artillery Museum Catalog.-2. War flag that flew at the Morro Castle, on May 12, 1898. Nº 3.472 of the Artillery Museum Catalog.-3. Banner of the 12th artillery battalion, whose force covered the batteries of San Juan during the battle of May 12, 1898. Nº 3.466 of the Artillery Museum Catalog.-4. Flag of the Mayagüez Volunteers battalion. Nº 4.972 of the Artillery Museum Catalog.
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63:
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There are several legends surrounding the sentry box about soldiers disappearing from inside. However, it is mostly believed – and told so in various local stories – that the only soldier that apparently disappeared was a soldier called Sánchez, who fled his post to escape with his girlfriend, called
1252:
1041:
1025:
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940:(The Princess), were built. By 1788, the year of the king's death, the reforms were complete. The defenses proved their effectiveness since in 1797 they helped to repel the invasion of seven thousand English soldiers commanded by the British general
1069:
1206:
1855 – Mutiny by the San Cristóbal artillery brigade against the
Spanish crown. The Castillo is held by rebels for 24 hours causing panic in the city when the cannons are turned around and aimed at the city.
2214:
1184:. Abercromby's forces, one of the largest ever to invade Spanish territories in America, are halted a mile from San Cristóbal at the Escambrón defenses, also known as San Juan's First Line of Defense; see
1199:"Independentista", meaning that she was the first Puerto Rican woman to become an avid advocate of Puerto Rican Independence, and who joined forces with the Venezuelan government, under the leadership of
962:
that were used for the storage of water during the ages of the
Spanish Colony. They are extremely large (24 ft tall, 17 ft wide, and 57 ft long) and were used as bomb shelters during
1440:("devil's sentry box"). It offers a vantage point to watchmen guarding the seashore while protecting them. This particular sentry box is one of the oldest parts of the fort, being built in 1634.
2259:
858:. In 1765, San Cristóbal was conformed by a hornwork surrounded by a dry moat, which gave continuity to the walls of the city, and at the highest point of it, there was a artillery platform, or
2474:
825:). After close to a hundred years of relative peace in the area, this section of the fortification (about a third) was demolished in 1897 to help ease the flow of traffic in and out of the
2344:
900:
and the engineers, Colonel Tomás O'Daly and Juan
Francisco Mestre, to make the island a stronghold, a defense of the first order. The plans constituted the preparation for a war with
2527:
525:
2126:
2224:
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1266:, concrete pillboxes and an underground bunker control center are added to the ancient defenses of the Castillo San Cristóbal. Cisterns were to be used as fallout shelters.
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1309:
2209:
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attack and take San Juan from the land side. Construction of some form of defense for San Cristóbal Hill was ordered to prevent other attacks from the land side.
2008:
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1806:
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1979:
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20:
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Juan, Mailing
Address: 501 Norzagaray Street San; Us, PR 00901 Phone: 787 729-6777 x223 San Juan NHS Headquarters Superintendent's Office Contact.
1827:
1692:
1180:
1797 – San Cristóbal helps repel the attack on San Juan from the land side by a
British invasion force of 7,000 - 13,000 men commanded by Sir
2319:
545:
1969:
2204:
1203:, to lead an insurrection against the Spanish colonial forces in Puerto Rico, and was held captive in the fort pending her exile to Cuba.
2199:
2001:
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1075:
Christopher
Columbus monument at Plaza Cristóbal Colon, it appears to have been erected in 1894. Postcard published circa 1900-1915.
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of the city by land, although it also defended the north coast. By the time the work was completed, it became, the most extensive
1889:
2389:
2329:
1994:
124:
1712:. Washington, D.C.: Division of Publications, National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. 2018. pp. 52–53, 62–63.
1210:
1897 – A large segment of 18th-century walls is dynamited from San Cristóbal to the harbor docks to allow San Juan to expand.
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2017:
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warships during a day-long bombardment on 10 May 1898. Six months later Puerto Rico becomes a US territory by terms of the
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113:
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1016:
1000:
984:
2309:
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1981:
The Forts of Old San Juan:Guardians of the
Caribbean, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places lesson plan
1127:. At the end of the battle the English fled taking some prisoners but no treasure, the reason for which they attacked.
700:
2159:
1785:
2037:
1803:
1717:
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1766–1783 - Main period of construction of San Cristóbal as we see it today under the directions of Royal
Engineers
1163:
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734:
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283:
1986:
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from historic building housing the José Julian Acosta School; main fortification of fortress; main courtyard or
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24:
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Model showing the complete complex before the demolition of the Revellín and Puerta de
Santiago in 1897.
1383:
The
Caballero de San Miguel, the highest point of the castle, which allowed a complete view of the city.
947:
2289:
2284:
2136:
2116:
2029:
885:
1838:
805:. When it was completed in 1783, it covered about 27 acres. The entrances to it were protected by two
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Corridor outside the officers' quarters at the Castillo de San Cristobal in San Juan, Puerto Rico
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755:
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307:
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660:
142:
73:
53:
8:
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797:, the patron of travelers. The fortress is considered the largest fortification built by
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483:
133:
104:
2369:
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1471:
1277:
832:
82:
1893:
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is built on the high ground known as San Cristóbal on the northeast side of San Juan.
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1974:
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attack San Juan, led by Sir Francis Drake, 25 ships penetrated the line of fire from
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243:
211:
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1908:
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from Castillo San Cristóbal's cannon batteries. San Cristóbal's gunners duel with
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2016:
1810:
1792:
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1739:
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under the parade ground where the troops trained. They could store up to 716 000
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1234:
905:
870:
derives its name from the hill on which the main defenses were built against the
199:
1964:
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1732:
1432:(sentry boxes, "garitas" in Spanish) at various points. One of the guerites at
1300:
909:
875:
840:
768:
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668:
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331:
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175:
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1320:
General view of San Juan, Puerto Rico from the top of Castillo San Cristóbal
2137:
Puerta de Tierra Historic District – Distrito Histórico de Puerta de Tierra
2071:
2042:
1377:
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An extensive system of tunnels connecting the various sections of the fort.
1356:
Demonstrations of ancient weapons firing (every third Sunday of the month).
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963:
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Short documentary on San Juan and the castle is shown throughout the day.
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339:
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1047:
Detail of Stairhead, door and Arco on Caballero de San Miguel, in 1933.
2194:
1970:
Las Líneas de Defensa de San Juan, Compilación por Johnny Torres Rivera
1443:
846:
In 1634, the first defensive structure had been built in the area, the
746:
or esplanade to the east, where other parts of the fortress are located
247:
2475:
National Register of Historic Places listings in San Juan, Puerto Rico
2072:
Distrito Histórico del Viejo San Juan – Old San Juan Historic District
1950:
1733:
El Morro, San Cristobal y San Geronimo en peligro en caso de terremoto
1177:
damages the structure of both San Felipe del Morro and San Cristóbal.
896:
came to the Spanish throne in 1759, and in 1764 ordered Field Marshal
1868:
1668:
802:
632:
535:
425:
1262:
1942 – Still an active military base when the United States entered
1251:
62:
1975:
Las defensas de San Juan 1898, Compilación por Luis M. Iriarte Rota
1429:
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Tunnel passageway connecting the different sections of the fortress
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652:
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is established as the most impressive structure in the new world.
1754:"San Juan National Historic Site Celebrates Its 50th Anniversary"
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959:
917:
901:
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311:
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Residencia de Señoritas Universidad de Puerto Rico; Río Piedras
1837:. WBM: United States Department of the Interior. Archived from
1391:
743:
728:
526:
La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico
215:
1767:(5). US Department of the Interior, National Park Service: 5–7
1669:"San Juan National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)"
1804:
Natalia de Cuba, "Puerto Rico's first female Freedom Fighter"
1098:
798:
429:
2127:
Instituto Loaiza Cordero para Niños Ciegos Historic District
1927:
San Juan National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)
806:
672:
437:
433:
267:
259:
219:
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to reach its largest size in 1790. Rising 150 ft from the
2528:
Historic district contributing properties in Puerto Rico
1817:, October 20, 1997; page 30, Retrieved on June 20, 2011.
1639:"Justificación para una historia militar de Puerto Rico"
1394:
of rainwater, capable of sustaining the fort for a year.
1284:, and they become the jurisdiction of the United States
904:, which seemed inevitable. The order coincided with the
2210:
Church, School, Convent and Parish House of San Agustín
1108:
1539 – Construction of the first fortified defenses at
349:
501 Calle Norzagaray, Old San Juan, San Juan, PR, 00901
928:(The Trinity) were built. Further east, a fort called
659:. Over the next 150 years, especially in the reign of
1862:
1195:, a political activist who was the first female from
1786:
Mercedes - La primera Independentista Puertorriquena
1461:
1397:
Exhibits of a troop barracks and military clothing.
1221:1898 – On 10 May 1898, the first shot which marked
2479:List of National Historic Landmarks in Puerto Rico
1965:1898 Sociedad Amigos de la Historia de Puerto Rico
2489:
2235:Edificio Comunidad de Orgullo Gay de Puerto Rico
1365:An artillery post built by the U.S. Army during
1063:A view of the Castillo de San Cristóbal in 1915.
21:Castle of San Cristóbal (Santa Cruz de Tenerife)
1116:, with batteries aimed at the harbor entrance.
671:shoreline, the three-level edifice stands on a
2385:University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle
2002:
2523:Spanish Colonial architecture in Puerto Rico
2205:Church of San Mateo de Cangrejos of Santurce
1648:(in Spanish). April 4, 2023. pp. 250–51
1617:National Park Service: San Juan, Puerto Rico
1588:National Park Service: San Juan, Puerto Rico
1562:National Park Service: San Juan, Puerto Rico
1533:National Park Service: San Juan, Puerto Rico
781:was built on a hill originally known as the
2503:Buildings and structures demolished in 1897
1820:
1691:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2518:Military installations established in 1783
2513:18th-century establishments in Puerto Rico
2009:
1995:
1403:Store for the sale of souvenirs and books.
2508:1783 establishments in the Spanish Empire
2320:Puerto Rico Ilustrado – Edificio El Mundo
2215:Colegio de las Madres del Sagrado Corazón
558:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2087:Castillo San Felipe del Morro Lighthouse
1745:
1442:
1428:Most of San Juan's fortified walls have
1413:
1337:
1330:
1250:
1212:
1137:
1129:
1089:Inside of main fortification in fortress
1084:
946:
912:. As a result of O'Reily's reforms, the
884:
831:
754:
738:Ariel view of the main fortification of
733:
2360:Superintendent of Lighthouses' Dwelling
1915:
1906:
1660:
809:and drawbridges in what was called the
709:La Llave de las Indias (The Key to the
186:where demolished part used to connect;
2490:
1751:
1646:Academia Puertorriqueña de la Historia
1505:"National Register Information System"
1080:
663:, it continued to be developed into a
1990:
1960:National Park Service - San Cristóbal
1704:
1702:
1288:, to be preserved solely as museums.
1248:which ends the Spanish–American War.
969:
2018:National Register of Historic Places
1797:
1510:National Register of Historic Places
1407:
647:, it was first built in 1634 as the
639:expansions following attacks by the
194:(Knight of San Michael) third-level
2260:Escuela Graduado José Celso Barbosa
1779:
1497:
1017:Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen
1015:Castillo de San Cristóbal in 1964.
1001:Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen
999:Castillo de San Cristóbal in 1964.
985:Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen
983:Castillo de San Cristóbal in 1964.
13:
2408:Fortín de San Gerónimo de Boquerón
2122:El Falansterio de Puerta de Tierra
1699:
1666:
1342:Main entrance to fortress next to
951:Opening of cistern in the fortress
14:
2544:
2038:Casa Dra. Concha Meléndez Ramírez
1944:
1890:"Leyenda de la Garita del Diablo"
1584:"San Juan National Historic Site"
1555:"La Legendaria Garita del Diablo"
1362:The guardhouse and parade ground.
166:: Front of main fortification in
16:Fortress in San Juan, Puerto Rico
2310:Nuestra Señora de Lourdes Chapel
2051:
1828:"Old San Juan Historic District"
1464:
1308:
1068:
1056:
1040:
1024:
1008:
992:
976:
866:for the emplacement of cannons.
152:
141:
132:
123:
112:
103:
92:
81:
72:
61:
52:
2498:San Juan National Historic Site
2426:Hiram Bithorn Municipal Stadium
2380:U.S. Post Office and Courthouse
2325:Puerto Rico Island Penitentiary
2142:San Juan National Historic Site
1900:
1882:
1856:
1293:San Juan National Historic Site
1271:San Juan National Historic Site
577:San Juan National Historic Site
208:Batería y Plaza de Santa Teresa
2270:Gran Logia Espiritual Número 1
1726:
1631:
1610:"El Castillo de San Cristóbal"
1602:
1576:
1547:
1521:
789:("burner’s hill"), changed to
695:, and other forts part of the
472:Bombardment of San Juan (1898)
1:
2280:House at 659 Concordia Street
2165:Antiguo Casino de Puerto Rico
2082:Castillo San Felipe del Morro
1490:
1485:Castillo San Felipe del Morro
1350:Guided tours by castle staff.
1193:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
1110:Castillo San Felipe del Morro
715:, from invasion by competing
679:, guarding the land entry to
675:at the northern coastline of
170:from northern section of the
2295:House at 665 McKinley Street
2225:Rafael Cordero Graded School
1742:on NoticiasOnline (6/7/2009)
878:fortification in all of the
701:strategically and militarily
615:in the historic district of
286:from third-level battlements
252:Contraguardia de la Trinidad
7:
2461:San Antonio Railroad Bridge
2355:School of Tropical Medicine
2345:Residencia Luis Muñoz Marín
2330:Rafael M. Labra High School
2175:El Capitolio de Puerto Rico
2030:National Historic Landmarks
1863:Dr. Cayetano Coll y Toste.
1761:Culture Resource Management
1457:
1326:
1031:Fuerte El Abanico in 1933.
10:
2549:
2290:House at 663 La Paz Street
2285:House at 659 La Paz Street
2180:Carcel de Puerta de Tierra
2097:Fortín San Juan de la Cruz
1280:moves out of the forts of
1155:1634 – A small triangular
850:("breakwater fort")or the
750:
484:UNESCO World Heritage Site
25:Fort San Cristóbal (Spain)
18:
2469:
2446:General Norzagaray Bridge
2416:
2398:
2150:
2107:
2060:
2049:
2028:
1809:February 1, 2010, at the
1752:Flores, Milagros (1999).
1710:The Forts of Old San Juan
862:(Knight of Saint Michael)
661:King Charles III of Spain
594:
590:
582:
572:
564:
555:
551:
541:
531:
521:
506:
498:
490:
481:
477:
469:Battle of San Juan (1797)
464:
456:
451:
443:
421:
416:
408:
400:
392:
353:
345:
327:
317:
303:
298:
291:
46:
37:
32:
2220:Condado Vanderbilt Hotel
1738:January 8, 2014, at the
1529:"Castillo San Cristóbal"
839:immediately next to the
785:("gallows Hill") or the
609:Saint Christopher Castle
182:("devil’s sentry box");
19:Not to be confused with
2250:Edificio Victory Garden
2160:Administration Building
1229:was ordered by Captain
860:Caballero de San Miguel
623:, known as the largest
452:Design and construction
240:Batteria de la Princesa
192:Caballero de San Miguel
164:From top, left to right
2436:Luis Muñoz Rivera Park
2365:Supreme Court Building
2335:Residencia Aboy–Lompre
2315:Polvorín de Miraflores
2245:Edificio Patio Español
2077:Castillo San Cristóbal
1951:Castillo San Cristóbal
1909:"La garita del diablo"
1865:"La Garita del Diablo"
1450:
1425:
1346:
1335:
1259:
1218:
1186:Fortín de San Gerónimo
1145:
1135:
1090:
956:Castillo San Cristóbal
952:
914:Revellín de San Carlos
890:
843:
791:Cerro de San Cristóbal
779:Castillo San Cristóbal
775:
747:
723:. It was designated a
601:Castillo San Cristóbal
322:Classical architecture
308:Medieval fortification
224:Revellín de San Carlos
206:visible on far right;
33:Castillo San Cristóbal
2117:Acueducto de San Juan
2092:City Wall of San Juan
2022:San Juan, Puerto Rico
1515:National Park Service
1446:
1417:
1341:
1334:
1286:National Park Service
1254:
1216:
1168:Juan Francisco Mestre
1141:
1133:
1088:
950:
936:overlooking the sea,
888:
835:
758:
737:
697:Walls of Old San Juan
377:18.46722°N 66.11111°W
172:Walls of Old San Juan
2533:Forts in Puerto Rico
1227:Spanish–American War
894:Charles III of Spain
854:"devil’s sentry box"
811:Revellín de Santiago
742:, not including the
460:Thomas O’Daly (1765)
393:Construction started
2265:Figueroa Apartments
2200:Central High School
2170:Biblioteca Carnegie
1297:World Heritage Site
1231:Ángel Rivero Méndez
1081:Historical timeline
1049:Library of Congress
1033:Library of Congress
958:also contains five
908:temporarily by the
852:Garita del Diablo (
819:Bastión de Santiago
787:Cerro del Quemadero
725:World Heritage Site
382:18.46722; -66.11111
373: /
318:Architectural style
299:General information
246:) from third-level
232:Revellín El Abanico
2456:Río Piedras Bridge
2451:Martín Peña Bridge
2441:Mural "La Familia"
2370:Templo del Maestro
2240:Edificio del Valle
1791:2011-04-21 at the
1480:Fuerte de San José
1472:Puerto Rico portal
1451:
1426:
1347:
1336:
1260:
1225:'s entry into the
1219:
1146:
1136:
1091:
970:Historical gallery
953:
898:Alexander O'Reilly
891:
848:Fortín del Espigón
844:
776:
748:
657:artillery platform
583:Reference no.
532:Reference no.
2485:
2484:
2375:U.S. Custom House
2255:Escuela Brambaugh
2064:Landmark District
2062:National Historic
1923:"Plan Your Visit"
1844:on April 11, 2019
1448:Garita del Diablo
1438:Garita del Diablo
1419:Garita del Diablo
1409:Garita del Diablo
837:Garita del Diablo
795:Saint Christopher
783:Cerro de la Horca
759:The flags of the
649:Garita del Diablo
635:. Dating back to
598:
597:
517:
417:Technical details
180:Garita del Diablo
2540:
2055:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1892:. Archived from
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1867:. Archived from
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1843:
1832:
1824:
1818:
1801:
1795:
1783:
1777:
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1525:
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1501:
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1469:
1468:
1467:
1344:Plaza Norzagaray
1312:
1182:Ralph Abercromby
1072:
1060:
1044:
1028:
1012:
996:
980:
942:Ralph Abercromby
932:(The Fan) and a
568:October 15, 1966
511:
388:
387:
385:
384:
383:
378:
374:
371:
370:
369:
366:
274:; panorama onto
272:Plaza Norzagaray
174:overlooking the
156:
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136:
127:
116:
107:
96:
85:
76:
65:
56:
30:
29:
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2538:
2537:
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2465:
2412:
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2350:Rum Pilot Plant
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40:San Cristóbal
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2043:La Fortaleza
1980:
1931:. Retrieved
1929:. 2021-01-26
1926:
1917:
1902:
1894:the original
1884:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:the original
1858:
1846:. Retrieved
1839:the original
1834:
1822:
1814:
1799:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1764:
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1728:
1709:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:
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1650:. Retrieved
1645:
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1616:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1587:
1578:
1566:. Retrieved
1561:
1549:
1537:. Retrieved
1532:
1523:
1508:
1499:
1452:
1447:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1422:
1421:from inside
1418:
1408:
1367:World War II
1343:
1290:
1282:Old San Juan
1275:
1268:
1264:World War II
1261:
1236:
1220:
1209:
1205:
1190:
1179:
1172:
1164:Tomás O’Daly
1161:
1154:
1147:
1118:
1114:La Fortaleza
1107:
1092:
964:World War II
955:
954:
937:
929:
925:
922:counterguard
913:
892:
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793:in honor of
790:
786:
782:
778:
777:
772:
739:
717:world powers
708:
699:, protected
693:La Fortaleza
687:, alongside
684:
681:Old San Juan
665:bastion fort
648:
617:Old San Juan
608:
600:
599:
546:The Americas
336:Old San Juan
280:San Juan Bay
276:Old San Juan
271:
256:Counterguard
251:
239:
231:
223:
218:from inside
207:
191:
188:curtain wall
184:curtain wall
179:
167:
163:
39:
1673:www.nps.gov
1652:January 19,
1623:January 19,
1594:January 19,
1568:January 19,
1539:January 19,
1276:1961 – The
1223:Puerto Rico
1197:Puerto Rico
1148:1625 – The
1143:Ordóñez gun
1119:1595 – The
1097:founded by
938:La Princesa
926:La Trinidad
827:walled city
765:Puerto Rico
721:Age of Sail
719:during the
705:Puerto Rico
621:Puerto Rico
380: /
355:Coordinates
340:Puerto Rico
293:Interactive
248:battlements
196:battlements
2492:Categories
2418:Structures
2300:La Giralda
2195:Casa Vigil
2190:Casa Klumb
1933:2021-08-28
1875:2006-11-19
1771:8 November
1678:2024-06-02
1491:References
1436:is called
1175:earthquake
1173:1787 – An
930:El Abanico
920:) and the
817:) and the
767:, and the
703:important
655:") and an
653:sentry box
651:("devil’s
565:Designated
507:Designated
368:66°06′40″W
365:18°28′02″N
2472:See also:
2152:Buildings
2109:Districts
803:New World
771:fly over
731:in 1983.
633:New World
465:Known for
426:Sandstone
401:Completed
254:(Trinity
234:(The Fan
1955:Facebook
1807:Archived
1789:Archived
1736:Archived
1687:cite web
1458:See also
1430:guerites
1388:cisterns
1327:Features
1125:El Morro
1095:San Juan
960:cisterns
880:Americas
872:invasion
689:El Morro
669:Atlantic
643:and the
613:fortress
586:66000930
499:Criteria
494:Cultural
457:Engineer
447:27 acres
422:Material
412:150 feet
328:Location
284:Santurce
222:bunker;
204:cisterns
176:Atlantic
1848:31 July
1813:(PDF),
1392:gallons
1299:by the
1291:1983 –
1278:US Army
1269:1949 –
1242:US Navy
1191:1824 –
1157:redoubt
1121:English
1103:Caparra
1099:Spanish
1093:1521 –
934:battery
918:Ravelin
910:English
902:England
876:Spanish
823:Bastion
815:Ravelin
801:in the
751:History
637:defense
631:in the
629:Spanish
611:) is a
605:English
573:Part of
522:Part of
514:session
346:Address
312:Citadel
244:Battery
238:), and
236:Ravelin
228:Ravelin
212:Battery
1716:
1454:Dina.
1378:pounds
1374:mortar
744:glacis
729:UNESCO
711:Indies
542:Region
409:Height
282:, and
264:ramped
216:glacis
200:bailey
2400:Sites
1842:(PDF)
1831:(PDF)
1757:(PDF)
1642:(PDF)
1613:(PDF)
1558:(PDF)
1386:Five
1372:Real
1255:Cpt.
1150:Dutch
807:gates
799:Spain
707:, or
512:(7th
510:1983
430:Brick
268:gated
260:moats
202:with
2477:and
1850:2019
1773:2020
1714:ISBN
1693:link
1654:2024
1625:2024
1596:2024
1570:2024
1541:2024
1237:Yale
1235:USS
1166:and
1112:and
673:hill
491:Type
444:Size
438:Clay
434:Sand
404:1790
396:1634
304:Type
266:and
220:WWII
190:and
2020:in
1953:on
1835:NPS
924:of
727:by
536:266
230:),
23:or
2494::
1925:.
1833:.
1765:22
1763:.
1759:.
1701:^
1689:}}
1685:{{
1671:.
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763:,
691:,
683:.
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436:,
432:,
428:,
338:,
334:,
278:,
262:;
250:;
178:;
2010:e
2003:t
1996:v
1936:.
1911:.
1878:.
1852:.
1775:.
1722:.
1695:)
1681:.
1656:.
1627:.
1598:.
1572:.
1543:.
1380:.
1369:.
1051:.
1035:.
1019:.
1003:.
987:.
864:,
856:)
713:)
603:(
516:)
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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