596:
56:
215:
835:
489:
1018:. Heating during the oil extraction process denatures and deactivates the lectin. Harvesting castor beans, though, may not be without risk. The International Castor Oil Association FAQ document states that castor beans contain an allergenic compound called CB1A. This chemical is described as being virtually nontoxic, but has the capacity to affect people with hypersensitivity. The allergen may be neutralized by treatment with a variety of alkaline agents. The allergen is not present in the castor oil itself.
65:
541:
45:
949:
745:. However, dehydration of castor oil yields linoleic acids, which do have drying properties. In this process, the OH group on the ricinoleic acid along with a hydrogen from the next carbon atom are removed, forming a double bond which then has oxidative cross-linking properties and yields the drying oil. It is considered a vital raw material.
568:
or inducing labour or compare it to other methods of induction. The review found that all women who took castor oil by mouth felt nauseous. More research is needed into the effects of castor oil to induce labour." Castor oil is still used for labor induction in environments where modern drugs are not
993:
hobbyists in the 1940s, have used varying percentages of castor oil as lubricants. It is highly resistant to degradation when the engine has its fuel-air mixture leaned for maximum engine speed. Gummy residues can still be a problem for aeromodelling powerplants lubricated with castor oil, however,
2104:"Bearded like a medieval condottiere, bluff yet suave, fearless and supple, was not the type to pass unnoticed anywhere. His admirers here chose to forget the Blackshirt club-wielder and reputed inventor of the castor-oil treatment for Fascist foes"
720:
groups per triglyceride molecule) of castor oil is 2.7, so it is widely used as a rigid polyol and in coatings. One particular use is in a polyurethane concrete where a castor-oil emulsion is reacted with an isocyanate (usually polymeric
1551:
1677:
Despite its long history of use for inducing onset of spontaneous labor, castor oil has minimal evidence to support its efficacy and is commonly associated with adverse effects of nausea, vomiting, and
1002:
four-cycle model engines has stated the "varnish" created by using castor oil in small percentages can improve the pneumatic seal of the sleeve valve, improving such an engine's performance over time.
252:
Because of its ricinoleic acid content, castor oil is a valuable chemical in feedstocks, commanding a higher price than other seed oils. As an example, in July 2007, Indian castor oil sold for about
640:
116:
Some 270,000–360,000 tonnes (600–800 million pounds) of castor oil are produced annually for a variety of uses. Castor oil and its derivatives are used in the manufacturing of
651:-controlled areas. The forced drinking of castor oil occurred alongside sexual assault, rape, torture and murder of these women. Its most notorious use as punishment came in
733:. This is applied fairly thickly as a slurry, which is self-levelling. This base is usually further coated with other systems to build a resilient floor. Castor oil is not a
2137:
936:
Initiatives to grow more castor for energy production, in preference to other oil crops, are motivated by social considerations. Tropical subsistence farmers would gain a
2570:
1529:
1559:
587:(2008), castor oil should not be ingested or used topically by pre-term pregnant women. There is no data on the potential toxicity of castor oil for nursing mothers.
2548:
2055:
874:, but it tends to form gums in a short time, so its usefulness is limited to engines that are regularly rebuilt, such as racing engines. Lubricant company
652:
2703:
2523:
2446:
3271:
1294:
1397:
1038:
2839:
2246:
1237:
1360:
Wilson, R; Van Schie, BJ; Howes, D (1998). "Overview of the preparation, use and biological studies on polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR)".
1207:
575:
2109:
968:
after that engine's widespread adoption for aviation in Europe in 1909. It was used almost universally in rotary-engined Allied aircraft in
2745:
Fisher, Suzanne Hayes (1999). "Aircraft, production during the war". In Tucker, Spencer C.; Wood, Laura
Matysek; Murphy, Justin D. (eds.).
780:. Hydrogenation of castor oil saturates the alkenes, giving a waxy lubricant. Castor oil may be epoxidized by reacting the OH groups with
2304:
1848:
1781:
595:
1886:
2789:
564:
of "three trials, involving 233 women, found there has not been enough research done to show the effects of castor oil on ripening the
2682:
1735:
1490:
1168:
4006:
3387:
2133:
1301:
644:
55:
2574:
1953:. Internet Archive. New York : W.W. Norton & Co. pp. 139, 156, 169, 187, 201, 202, 212, 310, 315, 321, 326, 449.
1513:
648:
611:
with a dose of it. Physicians recommended against the practice because they did not want medicines associated with punishment.
2896:
2089:
1958:
1747:
1523:
1484:
1338:
1108:
2492:
202:, and was in use several centuries earlier. Midwifery manuals from the 19th century recommended castor oil and 10 drops of
2026:
2923:
532:, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that castor oil on the skin cures cancer or any other disease."
2754:
2729:
2633:
2608:
1916:
1081:
2880:
2661:
2544:
2476:
2440:
1880:
1820:
1775:
1690:
Sanchez-Ramos L, Levine LD, Sciscione AC, Mozurkewich EL, Ramsey PS, Adair CD, Kaunitz AM, McKinney JA (March 2024).
2519:
2001:
1975:
671:
squads so as to induce bouts of extreme diarrhea in the victims. This technique was said to have been originated by
619:
A heavy dose of castor oil could be used as a humiliating punishment for adults. Colonial officials used it in the
89:. The seeds are 40 to 60 percent oil. It is a colourless or pale yellow liquid with a distinct taste and odor. Its
2350:
Mutlu, Hatice; Meier, Michael A. R. (2010-01-25). "Castor oil as a renewable resource for the chemical industry".
2059:
2770:
2325:
722:
600:
579:
stated that castor oil's physiological effect is poorly understood but "given gastrointestinal symptomatology, a
753:
Castor oil can react with other materials to produce other chemical compounds that have numerous applications.
623:(India) to deal with recalcitrant servants. Belgian military officials prescribed heavy doses of castor oil in
3981:
2698:
2430:
679:. This form of torture was potentially deadly, as the administration of the castor oil was often combined with
4016:
2158:
Howarth, GA (June 2003). "Polyurethanes, polyurethane dispersions and polyureas: Past, present and future".
1305:
3991:
1362:
437:
2901:
4001:
3380:
1408:
862:
properties and high-temperature lubrication than most vegetable oils, making it useful as a lubricant in
834:
921:
Castor oil, like currently less expensive vegetable oils, can be used as feedstock in the production of
3233:
2202:
3986:
2831:
1141:
Mutlu, H; Meier, MAR (January 2010). "Castor oil as a renewable resource for the chemical industry".
785:
214:
1434:"Cremophor EL stimulates mitotic recombination in uvsH//uvsH diploid strain of Aspergillus nidulans"
647:
forces would specifically target
Republican-aligned women, both troops and civilians, who lived in
627:
as a punishment for being too sick to work. Castor oil was also a tool of punishment favored by the
1246:
986:
1215:
424:. Use of castor oil for simple constipation is medically discouraged because it may cause violent
241:
on the 12th carbon atom. This functional group causes ricinoleic acid (and castor oil) to be more
2916:
2872:
2106:
1555:
680:
529:
1273:
436:
In the food industry, food-grade castor oil is used in food additives, flavorings, candy (e.g.,
4021:
3705:
3373:
3228:
3087:
2268:
1842:
1812:
730:
672:
2805:
1765:
1474:
1098:
3608:
3054:
1870:
2809:
2775:
Tariff
Information Surveys on the Articles in Paragraphs 44 and 45 of the Tariff Act of 1913
998:
when the residue accumulates within the engine's bearing races. One
British manufacturer of
691:
the open wounds from the beatings. However, even those victims who survived had to bear the
2790:"Selection of castor for divergent concentrations of ricin and ricinus communis agglutinin"
2386:
2214:
570:
488:
327:
253:
792:
8:
3950:
3926:
3238:
3175:
3165:
3135:
3125:
2679:
815:
754:
664:
2390:
2218:
1172:
218:
Structure of the major component of castor oil: triester of glycerol and ricinoleic acid
3996:
3265:
3145:
3026:
3016:
2968:
2909:
2296:
2267:
Ma, Yufeng; Wang, Rui; Li, Qiaoguang; Li, Mei; Liu, Chengguo; Jia, Puyou (2021-03-24).
2183:
2118:
1805:
1663:
1638:
1611:
1584:
687:, so that the resulting diarrhea would not only lead to dangerous dehydration but also
176:
1948:
1375:
3513:
3253:
3150:
3130:
2986:
2876:
2750:
2725:
2657:
2629:
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2597:
2472:
2436:
2432:
Polymeric
Thermosetting Compounds: Innovative Aspects of Their Formulation Technology
2402:
2300:
2288:
2238:
2230:
2175:
2085:
1954:
1950:
The
Spanish holocaust : inquisition and extermination in twentieth-century Spain
1922:
1912:
1876:
1816:
1771:
1743:
1713:
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1616:
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1104:
1077:
808:
804:
774:
636:
561:
549:
242:
3079:
2187:
1639:"American College of Nurse-Midwives Clinical Bulletin Number 18: Induction of Labor"
1450:
1433:
965:
925:. The resulting fuel is superior for cold winters, because of its exceptionally low
893:
Turkey red oil, also called sulphonated (or sulfated) castor oil, is made by adding
788:
which is useful in epoxy technology. This is available commercially as Heloxy 505.
492:
Advertisement of castor oil as a medicine by Scott & Bowne
Company, 19th century
3901:
3886:
3503:
3291:
3102:
3049:
2868:
2801:
2398:
2394:
2359:
2280:
2226:
2222:
2167:
1807:
Growing Up: Childhood in
English Canada from the Great War to the Age of Television
1703:
1658:
1650:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1589:
1445:
1371:
1150:
1069:
819:
758:
656:
608:
238:
180:. An alternative etymology, though, suggests that it was used as a replacement for
3580:
2269:"Castor oil as a platform for preparing bio-based chemicals and polymer materials"
1767:
Conscience and
Convenience: The Asylum and Its Alternatives in Progressive America
1334:
548:
There is no high-quality research proving that ingestion of castor oil results in
245:
than most fats. The chemical reactivity of the alcohol group also allows chemical
3821:
3689:
3633:
3455:
3185:
3160:
3140:
3011:
3006:
2720:
Guilmartin, John F. Jr. (1994). "Technology and
Strategy: What Are the Limits?".
2707:
2686:
2498:
2113:
1171:. Wayne's Word: An Online Textbook of Natural History. March 1999. Archived from
781:
632:
553:
421:
413:
288:
227:
223:
102:
28:
1192:
Irene Jacob, "Ricinus Communis — The Miracle Tree through Four Thousand Years",
3846:
3836:
3826:
3329:
3180:
3001:
2950:
2034:
1708:
1691:
990:
961:
953:
800:
607:
Since children commonly strongly dislike the taste of castor oil, some parents
246:
2788:
Auld, DL; Pinkerton, SD; Rolfe, R; Ghetie, V; et al. (March–April 1999).
1909:
King Leopold's ghost: a story of greed, terror, and heroism in Colonial Africa
1740:
Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk
585:
Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk
4011:
3975:
3960:
3911:
3896:
3881:
3798:
3773:
3699:
3674:
3559:
3489:
3069:
3034:
2292:
2234:
2179:
1926:
1073:
894:
867:
846:
Vegetable oils such as castor oil are typically unattractive alternatives to
796:
624:
580:
444:), as a mold inhibitor, and in packaging. Polyoxyethylated castor oil (e.g.,
353:
314:
261:
199:
110:
90:
78:
2419:
Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals, Third edition, 2011, page 6162
1585:"Castor oil, bath and/or enema for cervical priming and induction of labour"
643:
to repress women was especially prominent. This began during the war where
3921:
3891:
3793:
3618:
3554:
3518:
3339:
3324:
2941:
2931:
2724:. United States Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute. p. 10.
2710:
by Elizabeth Johnson, Biodiesel Magazine, 2004-12-01. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
2406:
2377:
Ogunniyi, D.S. (June 2006). "Castor oil: A vital industrial raw material".
2363:
2284:
2242:
1717:
1672:
1620:
1459:
1154:
999:
995:
882:
777:
769:, a component in fragrances. Breakdown of castor oil in strong base gives
737:, meaning that it has a low reactivity with air compared with oils such as
713:
540:
473:
461:
445:
397:
367:
340:
98:
1383:
3955:
3916:
3871:
3861:
3856:
3724:
3715:
3684:
3638:
3613:
3549:
3528:
3429:
3334:
3319:
3296:
3092:
2471:(2nd ed.). Endicott, NY: Synapse Information Resources. p. 82.
969:
926:
870:, and racing engines. The viscosity of castor oil at 10 °C is 2,420
738:
695:
of the laxative effects resulting from excessive consumption of the oil.
692:
676:
660:
620:
516:, zinc and castor oil cream, which is commonly used to treat infants for
501:
125:
82:
803:
of castor oil yields 12-hydroxystearic acid, which is then reacted with
3906:
3866:
3803:
3778:
3763:
3744:
3643:
3365:
3354:
3286:
2171:
1689:
1654:
1239:
The Papyrus Ebers, Translated from the German Version by Cyril P. Bryan
1033:
930:
897:
to vegetable oils, most notably castor oil. It was the first synthetic
871:
863:
851:
734:
599:
Warning label on a bottle of Kellogg's Perfected Tasteless Castor Oil,
517:
513:
505:
477:
417:
301:
231:
106:
33:
2329:
1637:
Carlson NS, Dunn Amore A, Ellis JA, Page K, Schafer R (January 2022).
64:
3876:
3788:
3758:
3729:
3679:
3628:
3623:
3590:
3349:
3344:
3301:
3281:
3276:
3208:
3120:
3115:
3059:
2981:
2976:
2937:
1911:(1st Mariner books ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 166.
937:
922:
906:
898:
859:
855:
847:
823:
770:
688:
628:
509:
497:
441:
405:
181:
121:
20:
3753:
1194:
The Healing Past: Pharmaceuticals in the Biblical and Rabbinic World
3851:
3841:
3813:
3783:
3768:
3734:
3666:
3564:
3479:
3464:
3261:
3243:
3218:
3190:
3169:
3155:
3110:
3044:
3039:
2958:
2933:
2838:. Center for New Crops & Plant Products, at Purdue University.
1476:
Medicinal Plants in Australia Volume 3: Plants, Potions and Poisons
982:
766:
762:
742:
717:
684:
453:
425:
409:
235:
203:
2689:
by Carmen Leonor Barajas Forero, 2004-10-12. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
818:(4.7), highly refined and dried castor oil is sometimes used as a
3540:
3419:
3411:
3213:
2996:
2886:– overview of chemical properties and manufacturing of castor oil
1027:
875:
668:
257:
234:. Among fatty acids, ricinoleic acid is unusual in that it has a
170:
157:
145:
137:
94:
978:
oil for its rotary engines, which resulted in poor reliability.
773:, both a fragrance component and a specialized solvent, and the
3585:
3498:
3474:
3441:
2058:. Time, in partnership with CNN. August 6, 1923. Archived from
1734:
Briggs, Gerald G.; Freeman, Roger K.; Yaffe, Sumner J. (2008).
1015:
974:
726:
709:
565:
557:
265:
948:
583:
mediation has been suggested but not confirmed." According to
3424:
3200:
3064:
1011:
469:
457:
449:
401:
153:
129:
44:
2677:
Biodiesel from Castor Oil: A Promising Fuel for Cold Weather
2160:
Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions
3523:
3508:
3469:
3451:
3436:
2777:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 40.
2747:
The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia
2595:
Brady, George S.; Clauser, Henry R.; Vaccari, John (1997).
2520:"Chemical modification to improve vegetable oil lubricants"
2134:"Did Mussolini use castor oil as an instrument of torture?"
1125:
Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals and Laboratory Equipment
956:
used castor oil as a primary lubricant, mixed with the fuel
902:
465:
117:
1636:
480:
is commonly available coated in oil for extended storage.
3657:
3402:
3223:
1692:"Methods for the induction of labor: efficacy and safety"
1136:
1134:
910:
149:
141:
133:
2787:
2002:"Mujeres y dictadura franquista: la historia silenciada"
1976:"Mujeres y dictadura franquista: la historia silenciada"
1742:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 271–273.
569:
available; a review of pharmacologic, mechanical, and "
2769:
1131:
573:" methods of labor induction published in 2024 by the
192:
Use of castor oil as a laxative is attested to in the
1868:
272:
Average composition of castor seed oil / fatty acids
168:
The name probably comes from a confusion between the
1847:. American Medical Association. 1919. p. 1699.
1359:
556:; there is, however, evidence that taking it causes
2594:
1582:
1245:. London: Geoffrey Bles. p. 44. Archived from
943:
2628:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 37.
2596:
1804:
1733:
1196:, ed. Irene and Walter Jacob (Brill, 1993), 81-93.
885:because it does not degrade natural rubber seals.
1431:
881:Castor oil has been suggested as a lubricant for
858:stability. Castor oil has better low-temperature
667:were force-fed large quantities of castor oil by
249:that is not possible with most other seed oils.
3973:
2352:European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology
1872:Food Culture in Colonial Asia: A Taste of Empire
1763:
1143:European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology
1039:List of unproven and disproven cancer treatments
989:used for aeromodelling, since their adoption by
2865:Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
2573:. The American Chemical Society. Archived from
2494:Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
2033:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Archived from
1802:
716:industry. The average functionality (number of
1066:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1064:Thomas, Alfred (2005). "Fats and Fatty Oils".
663:to intimidate and humiliate their opponents.
174:plant that produces it and another plant, the
3381:
2917:
2203:"Castor oil: A vital industrial raw material"
2125:
1169:"The Castor Bean: A Plant Named After A Tick"
1100:APC Forensic Medicine and Toxicology for MBBS
1030:, a flooring material derived from castor oil
795:consumes a significant amount of castor oil.
576:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
101:in which about 90 percent of fatty acids are
97:is 0.961 g/cm. It includes a mixture of
2873:10.1002/0471238961.0301192014012107.a01.pub2
2469:Handbook of fillers, extenders, and diluents
2131:
1844:Journal of the American Medical Association
1398:"Safety datawsheet cremophor El Castor Oil"
1103:. Avichal Publishing Company. p. 530.
960:Castor oil was the preferred lubricant for
811:to give high-performance lubricant grease.
464:by the application of castor oil. It stops
396:Castor oil has been used orally to relieve
268:oils sold for about $ 0.30/kg ($ 0.14/lb).
3388:
3374:
2924:
2910:
2719:
2349:
2266:
1583:Kelly, AJ; Kavanagh, J; Thomas, J (2013).
1140:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
994:usually requiring eventual replacement of
448:) is also used in the food industries. In
2806:10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183X003900020008x
2428:
1707:
1662:
1610:
1449:
1432:Busso, C; Castro-Prado, MA (March 2004).
1272:Barnes, Robert Sydenham Fancourt (1883).
1212:Bill Casselman's Canadian Word of the Day
3395:
2603:(14th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
2588:
2376:
2200:
2079:
1472:
1438:Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
1329:
1327:
1325:
947:
833:
594:
539:
487:
431:
222:Castor oil is well known as a source of
213:
2897:International Chemical Safety Card 1452
2568:
2157:
2084:. New York: Arnold/Oxford Univ. Press.
1946:
1811:. University of Toronto Press. p.
1770:. Transaction Publishers. p. 279.
1590:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1304:. July 2007. p. 31. Archived from
1302:United States Department of Agriculture
1050:
972:. Germany had to make do with inferior
523:
16:Vegetable oil pressed from castor beans
3974:
3136:Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)
2829:
2744:
2654:Herbal Soaps & Detergents Handbook
2466:
1511:
1271:
1063:
822:within high-performance, high-voltage
476:from rotting. For example, the legume
412:effect of castor oil is attributed to
113:are the other significant components.
3369:
2905:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2623:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1906:
1729:
1727:
1632:
1630:
1578:
1576:
1518:. Pharmaceutical Press. p. 206.
1479:. Rosenberg Publishing. p. 309.
1322:
1235:
1205:
761:, a precursor to specialized polymer
748:
659:. It was a favorite tool used by the
500:products included in creams and as a
93:is 313 °C (595 °F) and its
26:For the fictional character from the
2862:
2749:. Taylor & Francis. p. 10.
2722:Two Historians in Technology and War
2318:
1999:
1973:
1875:. Taylor & Francis. p. 66.
1274:"A Manual of Midwifery for Midwives"
1096:
2656:. Delhi, India: NIIR. p. 121.
2545:"Petroleum Oil and the Environment"
13:
2856:
2642:
2429:Hermansen, Ralph D. (2017-03-16).
2000:Juan, Carmen Miguel (2016-04-06).
1974:Juan, Carmen Miguel (2016-04-06).
1933:
1724:
1627:
1573:
1532:from the original on 20 April 2023
1493:from the original on 20 April 2023
1341:from the original on 20 April 2023
698:
256:0.90/kg ($ 0.41/lb), whereas U.S.
14:
4033:
2890:
2467:Ash, Michael; Ash, Irene (2007).
1473:Williams, Cheryll (1 July 2012).
888:
757:followed by steam cracking gives
708:Castor oil is used as a biobased
614:
1736:"Castor Oil (Laxative/Oxytocic)"
944:Early aviation and aeromodelling
601:Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc.
63:
54:
43:
2863:Naughton, Frank. "Castor Oil".
2842:from the original on 2007-10-25
2823:
2781:
2763:
2738:
2713:
2692:
2670:
2617:
2562:
2551:from the original on 2009-08-23
2537:
2526:from the original on 2006-10-01
2512:
2485:
2460:
2449:from the original on 2023-01-14
2422:
2413:
2370:
2343:
2307:from the original on 2023-01-31
2260:
2249:from the original on 2016-11-30
2194:
2151:
2140:from the original on 2020-11-01
2098:
2073:
2048:
2019:
1993:
1967:
1900:
1889:from the original on 2023-01-14
1862:
1851:from the original on 2023-01-14
1835:
1795:
1784:from the original on 2023-01-14
1756:
1683:
1544:
1505:
1466:
1451:10.1590/S0001-37652004000100005
1425:
1390:
1353:
1287:
1265:
878:took its name from castor oil.
814:Since it has a relatively high
786:triglycidyl ether of castor oil
723:methylene diphenyl diisocyanate
4007:Non-petroleum based lubricants
2700:The Promise of the Castor Bean
2399:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.028
2227:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.028
2201:Ogunniyi, D. S. (2006-06-01).
2031:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
1869:Cecilia Leong-Salobir (2011).
1603:10.1002/14651858.CD003099.pub2
1256:
1229:
1199:
1186:
1161:
1117:
1090:
838:Castor oil advertisement from
829:
209:
206:for relieving "false pains."
1:
2326:"Multiple uses of castor oil"
2027:"Italy The rise of Mussolini"
1376:10.1016/S0278-6915(98)00057-X
1337:. Drugs.com. 3 October 2022.
1044:
590:
535:
391:
193:
1801:For a Canadian examples see
1762:For an American example see
1558:. March 2011. Archived from
1363:Food and Chemical Toxicology
916:
905:. It is used in formulating
683:beatings, especially to the
504:. It is often combined with
496:Castor oil has been used in
483:
438:polyglycerol polyricinoleate
382:
371:
357:
344:
331:
318:
305:
292:
163:
7:
2626:Backroad and Offroad Biking
2080:Bosworth, R. J. B. (2002).
1206:Casselman, William Gordon.
1021:
703:
10:
4038:
3234:Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate
2132:Cecil Adams (1994-04-22).
1907:Adam., Hochschild (1999).
1709:10.1016/j.ajog.2023.02.009
1515:Non-prescription Medicines
187:
25:
18:
3943:
3812:
3743:
3714:
3698:
3665:
3656:
3601:
3573:
3539:
3488:
3450:
3410:
3401:
3312:
3252:
3199:
3101:
3078:
3025:
2967:
2949:
2830:Dierig, David A. (1995).
1764:David J. Rothman (1980).
1643:J Midwifery Womens Health
1010:The castor seed contains
1005:
635:during and following the
282:
279:
276:
85:, the seeds of the plant
2932:Drugs for constipation (
2867:. New York: John Wiley.
1803:Neil Sutherland (1997).
1236:Bryan, Cyril P. (1930).
1074:10.1002/14356007.a10_173
19:Not to be confused with
2569:McGuire, Nancy (2004).
1556:American Cancer Society
1283:– via HathiTrust.
1068:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
639:. Its use as a form of
530:American Cancer Society
416:, which is produced by
3857:Linseed (flaxseed) oil
3027:Bulk-forming laxatives
2771:U.S. Tariff Commission
2706:March 9, 2016, at the
2685:June 16, 2013, at the
2379:Bioresource Technology
2364:10.1002/ejlt.200900138
2285:10.1680/jgrma.20.00085
2207:Bioresource Technology
2122:, July 1, 1940, p. 18.
1947:Preston, Paul (2012).
1276:(2nd ed.). London
1155:10.1002/ejlt.200900138
1127:. Sigma-Aldrich. 2003.
957:
854:because of their poor
843:
731:construction aggregate
604:
545:
493:
219:
3982:Ayurvedic medicaments
3892:Rapeseed (canola) oil
3055:Polycarbophil calcium
2624:Older, Jules (2000).
2577:on September 27, 2006
2136:. The Straight Dope.
1512:Nathan, Alan (2010).
952:World War I aviation
951:
840:The Aerial Age Weekly
837:
598:
543:
491:
432:Food and preservative
217:
4017:Traditional medicine
3644:Vegetable shortening
3396:Edible fats and oils
3229:Sodium laurilsulfate
985:-fueled, two-cycle,
665:Political dissidents
524:Alternative medicine
3992:Cosmetics chemicals
3927:Watermelon seed oil
3166:Polyethylene glycol
3126:Magnesium carbonate
3080:Lubricant laxatives
2969:Stimulant laxatives
2391:2006BiTec..97.1086O
2219:2006BiTec..97.1086O
2056:"Benito's Birthday"
2037:on October 14, 2007
1696:Am J Obstet Gynecol
1405:www.sfm.state.or.us
1097:Aggrawal, Dr Anil.
816:dielectric constant
755:Transesterification
673:Gabriele D'Annunzio
400:or to evacuate the
273:
4002:Liquid dielectrics
3266:Oxycodone/naloxone
3254:Opioid antagonists
3146:Magnesium peroxide
3017:Sodium picosulfate
2836:New Crop FactSHEET
2599:Materials Handbook
2172:10.1007/bf02699621
2119:The New York Times
2112:2021-04-29 at the
1655:10.1111/jmwh.13337
958:
844:
791:The production of
749:Chemical precursor
605:
554:induction of labor
546:
494:
460:, food grains are
271:
220:
177:Vitex agnus-castus
3969:
3968:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3652:
3651:
3574:Other animal fats
3514:Manteiga-da-terra
3363:
3362:
3151:Magnesium sulfate
3131:Magnesium citrate
3103:Osmotic laxatives
2652:Penda, H (2017).
2571:"Taming the Bean"
2091:978-0-340-73144-4
1960:978-0-393-06476-6
1749:978-0-7817-7876-3
1702:(3S): S669–S695.
1525:978-0-85369-886-9
1486:978-1-925078-07-7
1295:"Seed Oil Prices"
1110:978-81-7739-491-7
987:glow-plug engines
911:dyeing assistants
909:, softeners, and
809:lithium carbonate
805:lithium hydroxide
775:dicarboxylic acid
641:gendered violence
637:Spanish Civil War
609:punished children
562:systematic review
550:cervical ripening
528:According to the
389:
388:
144:, cold-resistant
32:comic strip, see
4029:
3987:Castor oil plant
3887:Pumpkin seed oil
3784:Mongongo nut oil
3712:
3711:
3663:
3662:
3504:Clarified butter
3408:
3407:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3367:
3366:
3292:Methylnaltrexone
3239:Sodium phosphate
3176:Sodium phosphate
3012:Senna glycosides
2926:
2919:
2912:
2903:
2902:
2885:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2808:. Archived from
2785:
2779:
2778:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2717:
2711:
2696:
2690:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2649:
2640:
2639:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2602:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:on July 14, 2011
2497:. Archived from
2489:
2483:
2482:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2328:. Archived from
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2213:(9): 1086–1091.
2198:
2192:
2191:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2129:
2123:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:on April 7, 2008
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1944:
1931:
1930:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1810:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1666:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1614:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1407:. Archived from
1402:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1331:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1311:on April 6, 2008
1310:
1299:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1244:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1214:. Archived from
1203:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1061:
820:dielectric fluid
759:undecylenic acid
657:Benito Mussolini
560:and diarrhea. A
328:α-Linolenic acid
274:
270:
239:functional group
198:
195:
124:, hydraulic and
87:Ricinus communis
67:
58:
47:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4026:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3931:
3822:Ambadi seed oil
3808:
3739:
3701:
3694:
3690:Shark liver oil
3648:
3634:Palm kernel oil
3597:
3569:
3535:
3484:
3446:
3397:
3394:
3364:
3359:
3308:
3248:
3195:
3186:Sodium tartrate
3161:Pentaerythritol
3141:Magnesium oxide
3097:
3088:Liquid paraffin
3074:
3050:Methylcellulose
3021:
3007:Phenolphthalein
2963:
2951:Stool softeners
2945:
2930:
2893:
2883:
2859:
2857:Further reading
2854:
2845:
2843:
2828:
2824:
2815:
2813:
2786:
2782:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2718:
2714:
2708:Wayback Machine
2697:
2693:
2687:Wayback Machine
2675:
2671:
2664:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2593:
2589:
2580:
2578:
2567:
2563:
2554:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2529:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2504:
2502:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2443:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2375:
2371:
2348:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2310:
2308:
2273:Green Materials
2265:
2261:
2252:
2250:
2199:
2195:
2156:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2130:
2126:
2114:Wayback Machine
2105:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2011:
2009:
1998:
1994:
1985:
1983:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1945:
1934:
1919:
1905:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1883:
1867:
1863:
1854:
1852:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1800:
1796:
1787:
1785:
1778:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1732:
1725:
1688:
1684:
1635:
1628:
1597:(7): CD003099.
1581:
1574:
1565:
1563:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1526:
1510:
1506:
1496:
1494:
1487:
1471:
1467:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1370:(9–10): 711–8.
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1279:
1277:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1139:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1062:
1051:
1047:
1024:
1008:
946:
919:
901:after ordinary
891:
832:
782:epichlorohydrin
751:
706:
701:
699:Industrial uses
633:Francoist Spain
617:
593:
538:
526:
486:
434:
422:small intestine
414:ricinoleic acid
394:
289:Ricinoleic acid
228:monounsaturated
224:ricinoleic acid
212:
197: 1550 BCE
196:
190:
166:
72:
71:
70:
69:
68:
60:
59:
50:
49:
48:
37:
29:Thimble Theatre
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4035:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3847:Grape seed oil
3844:
3839:
3837:Cottonseed oil
3834:
3829:
3827:Apple seed oil
3824:
3818:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3709:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3602:Vegetable fats
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3416:
3414:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3370:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3330:Oxyphenisatine
3327:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3269:
3258:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3181:Sodium sulfate
3178:
3173:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3002:Oxyphenisatine
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2892:
2891:External links
2889:
2888:
2887:
2881:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2822:
2780:
2762:
2756:978-0815333517
2755:
2737:
2731:978-1428915220
2730:
2712:
2691:
2669:
2662:
2641:
2635:978-0811731508
2634:
2616:
2610:978-0070070844
2609:
2587:
2561:
2536:
2511:
2484:
2477:
2459:
2441:
2421:
2412:
2385:(9): 1086–91.
2369:
2342:
2317:
2259:
2193:
2166:(2): 111–118.
2150:
2124:
2097:
2090:
2072:
2047:
2018:
1992:
1966:
1959:
1932:
1918:978-0547525730
1917:
1899:
1881:
1861:
1834:
1821:
1794:
1776:
1755:
1748:
1723:
1682:
1649:(1): 140–149.
1626:
1572:
1543:
1524:
1504:
1485:
1465:
1424:
1389:
1352:
1321:
1286:
1264:
1262:Bryan, p. xvii
1255:
1252:on 2013-09-21.
1228:
1198:
1185:
1160:
1130:
1116:
1109:
1089:
1083:978-3527306732
1082:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1023:
1020:
1007:
1004:
991:model airplane
964:, such as the
962:rotary engines
954:rotary engines
945:
942:
918:
915:
890:
889:Turkey red oil
887:
831:
828:
801:saponification
793:lithium grease
750:
747:
705:
702:
700:
697:
616:
615:Use in torture
613:
592:
589:
537:
534:
525:
522:
485:
482:
433:
430:
393:
390:
387:
386:
384:
381:
377:
376:
373:
370:
363:
362:
359:
356:
350:
349:
346:
343:
337:
336:
333:
330:
324:
323:
320:
317:
311:
310:
307:
304:
298:
297:
294:
291:
285:
284:
281:
278:
247:derivatization
211:
208:
189:
186:
165:
162:
152:and polishes,
62:
61:
53:
52:
51:
42:
41:
40:
39:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4034:
4023:
4022:Triglycerides
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3962:
3961:Essential oil
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3912:Sunflower oil
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:Safflower oil
3900:
3898:
3897:Rice bran oil
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3882:Poppyseed oil
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:Pistachio oil
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:Macadamia oil
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:Cod liver oil
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3609:Borneo tallow
3607:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3391:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3070:Syrup of figs
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:Dietary fiber
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2884:
2882:9780471238966
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2832:"Lesquerella"
2826:
2812:on 2008-10-12
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2758:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2733:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2695:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2665:
2663:9789381039007
2659:
2655:
2648:
2646:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2591:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2478:9781890595968
2474:
2470:
2463:
2448:
2444:
2442:9781771883153
2438:
2435:. CRC Press.
2434:
2433:
2425:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2332:on 2007-09-29
2331:
2327:
2321:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2279:(3): 99–109.
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2107:Marshal Balbo
2101:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1888:
1884:
1882:9781136726545
1878:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1824:
1822:9780802079831
1818:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1798:
1783:
1779:
1777:9780202365091
1773:
1769:
1768:
1759:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1728:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1562:on 2013-02-09
1561:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1414:on 2017-12-06
1410:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1356:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1290:
1275:
1268:
1259:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1218:on 2011-02-03
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1175:on 2021-11-15
1174:
1170:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1120:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
1000:sleeve valved
997:
996:ball bearings
992:
988:
984:
979:
977:
976:
971:
967:
963:
955:
950:
941:
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:sulfuric acid
886:
884:
883:bicycle pumps
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
841:
836:
827:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:Hydrogenation
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
715:
711:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:Fascist Italy
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:Belgian Congo
622:
612:
610:
602:
597:
588:
586:
582:
581:prostaglandin
578:
577:
572:
571:complementary
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
542:
533:
531:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
490:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
408:surgery. The
407:
403:
399:
385:
379:
378:
374:
369:
365:
364:
360:
355:
354:Palmitic acid
352:
351:
347:
342:
339:
338:
334:
329:
326:
325:
321:
316:
315:Linoleic acid
313:
312:
308:
303:
300:
299:
295:
290:
287:
286:
275:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
237:
233:
229:
225:
216:
207:
205:
201:
200:Ebers Papyrus
185:
183:
179:
178:
173:
172:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
112:
111:linoleic acid
108:
104:
100:
99:triglycerides
96:
92:
91:boiling point
88:
84:
81:pressed from
80:
79:vegetable oil
76:
66:
57:
46:
35:
31:
30:
22:
3922:Tea seed oil
3831:
3794:Pine nut oil
3769:Hazelnut oil
3624:Mango butter
3619:Cocoa butter
3519:Niter kibbeh
3340:Prucalopride
3325:Lubiprostone
2991:
2864:
2844:. Retrieved
2835:
2825:
2814:. Retrieved
2810:the original
2800:(2): 353–7.
2797:
2794:Crop Science
2793:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2746:
2740:
2721:
2715:
2699:
2694:
2676:
2672:
2653:
2625:
2619:
2598:
2590:
2579:. Retrieved
2575:the original
2564:
2553:. Retrieved
2539:
2528:. Retrieved
2514:
2503:. Retrieved
2499:the original
2493:
2487:
2468:
2462:
2451:. Retrieved
2431:
2424:
2415:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2334:. Retrieved
2330:the original
2320:
2309:. Retrieved
2276:
2272:
2262:
2251:. Retrieved
2210:
2206:
2196:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2142:. Retrieved
2127:
2117:
2100:
2081:
2075:
2064:. Retrieved
2060:the original
2050:
2039:. Retrieved
2035:the original
2030:
2021:
2010:. Retrieved
2008:(in Spanish)
2005:
1995:
1984:. Retrieved
1982:(in Spanish)
1979:
1969:
1949:
1908:
1902:
1891:. Retrieved
1871:
1864:
1853:. Retrieved
1843:
1837:
1826:. Retrieved
1806:
1797:
1786:. Retrieved
1766:
1758:
1739:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1676:
1646:
1642:
1594:
1588:
1564:. Retrieved
1560:the original
1552:"Castor Oil"
1546:
1534:. Retrieved
1514:
1507:
1495:. Retrieved
1475:
1468:
1444:(1): 49–55.
1441:
1437:
1427:
1416:. Retrieved
1409:the original
1404:
1392:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1343:. Retrieved
1335:"Castor oil"
1313:. Retrieved
1306:the original
1289:
1278:. Retrieved
1267:
1258:
1247:the original
1238:
1231:
1220:. Retrieved
1216:the original
1211:
1201:
1193:
1188:
1177:. Retrieved
1173:the original
1163:
1149:(1): 10–30.
1146:
1142:
1124:
1119:
1099:
1092:
1065:
1009:
980:
973:
966:Gnome engine
959:
935:
920:
892:
880:
845:
839:
813:
790:
784:to make the
778:sebacic acid
752:
714:polyurethane
707:
618:
606:
584:
574:
547:
527:
495:
446:Kolliphor EL
435:
398:constipation
395:
368:stearic acid
341:Stearic acid
251:
230:, 18-carbon
221:
191:
175:
169:
167:
126:brake fluids
115:
103:ricinoleates
86:
83:castor beans
74:
73:
27:
3956:Cooking oil
3917:Soybean oil
3872:Perilla oil
3862:Mustard oil
3725:Avocado oil
3685:Seaweed oil
3667:Marine oils
3639:Shea butter
3614:Coconut oil
3550:Chicken fat
3529:Urfa butter
3335:Plecanatide
3320:Linaclotide
3297:Naldemedine
3093:Mineral oil
2006:elDiario.es
1980:elDiario.es
970:World War I
927:cloud point
830:Lubrication
739:linseed oil
693:humiliation
677:Italo Balbo
661:Blackshirts
645:Nationalist
621:British Raj
508:to form an
502:moisturizer
210:Composition
3976:Categories
3951:Plant oils
3907:Sesame oil
3867:Peanut oil
3832:Castor oil
3804:Walnut oil
3779:Marula oil
3764:Cashew oil
3754:Almond oil
3700:Vegetable
3355:Ulimorelin
3287:Bevenopran
2992:Castor oil
2938:cathartics
2846:2007-08-01
2816:2007-07-31
2581:2007-08-02
2555:2006-12-28
2530:2007-08-02
2505:2010-07-12
2453:2020-11-09
2336:2007-08-02
2311:2022-04-18
2253:2023-03-09
2144:2014-08-09
2066:2007-08-03
2041:2007-08-03
2012:2023-12-16
1986:2023-12-16
1893:2016-01-08
1855:2015-10-29
1828:2015-10-29
1788:2015-10-29
1698:(Review).
1645:(Review).
1566:2013-09-22
1418:2016-12-05
1315:2008-08-10
1280:2024-08-17
1222:2014-08-09
1179:2020-04-26
1045:References
1034:Castor wax
1014:, a toxic
931:pour point
907:lubricants
872:centipoise
852:lubricants
824:capacitors
735:drying oil
681:nightstick
649:Republican
631:and later
603:, New York
591:Punishment
544:Castor oil
536:Childbirth
518:nappy rash
514:astringent
506:zinc oxide
478:pigeon pea
418:hydrolysis
406:intestinal
392:Human uses
375:saturated
361:saturated
348:saturated
302:Oleic acid
277:Acid name
232:fatty acid
122:lubricants
107:Oleic acid
75:Castor oil
34:Castor Oyl
3997:Laxatives
3877:Pequi oil
3814:Seed oils
3789:Pecan oil
3759:Argan oil
3730:Olive oil
3680:Krill oil
3629:Margarine
3591:Whale oil
3560:Goose fat
3412:Pork fats
3350:Tenapanor
3345:Tegaserod
3302:Naloxegol
3282:Axelopran
3277:Alvimopan
3209:Bisacodyl
3121:Laminarid
3116:Lactulose
3060:Sterculia
3045:Ispaghula
2982:Bisoxatin
2977:Bisacodyl
2934:laxatives
2358:: 10–30.
2301:233687152
2293:2049-1220
2235:0960-8524
2180:1476-4865
2082:Mussolini
1927:759834634
1678:diarrhea.
938:cash crop
923:biodiesel
917:Biodiesel
899:detergent
860:viscosity
856:oxidative
850:-derived
848:petroleum
771:2-octanol
629:Falangist
510:emollient
484:Emollient
462:preserved
442:chocolate
366:Dihydroxy
262:sunflower
182:castoreum
164:Etymology
21:Castoreum
3947:See also
3852:Hemp oil
3842:Corn oil
3735:Palm oil
3565:Schmaltz
3555:Duck fat
3480:Tail fat
3465:Dripping
3262:Naloxone
3244:Sorbitol
3219:Glycerol
3191:Sorbitol
3170:macrogol
3156:Mannitol
3111:Lactitol
3065:Triticum
3040:Ethulose
2959:Docusate
2840:Archived
2773:(1921).
2704:Archived
2683:Archived
2549:Archived
2524:Archived
2447:Archived
2407:15919203
2305:Archived
2247:Archived
2243:15919203
2188:93574741
2138:Archived
2110:Archived
1887:Archived
1849:Archived
1782:Archived
1718:38462252
1673:35119782
1621:23881775
1530:Archived
1491:Archived
1460:15048194
1345:20 April
1339:Archived
1208:"Castor"
1022:See also
983:methanol
842:in 1921
767:heptanal
763:nylon 11
743:tung oil
725:) and a
718:hydroxyl
704:Coatings
498:cosmetic
454:Pakistan
426:diarrhea
410:laxative
383:0.2–0.5
372:0.3–0.5
236:hydroxyl
204:laudanum
158:perfumes
146:plastics
138:coatings
3581:Blubber
3541:Poultry
3420:Fatback
3272:PAMORAs
3214:Dantron
2997:Dantron
2987:Cascara
2547:. DOE.
2387:Bibcode
2215:Bibcode
1664:9026716
1612:7138266
1536:8 March
1497:8 March
1384:9737417
1028:Botanol
876:Castrol
712:in the
669:fascist
420:in the
404:before
380:Others
258:soybean
188:History
171:Ricinus
95:density
3586:Muktuk
3499:Butter
3475:Tallow
3456:mutton
3442:Lardon
3313:Others
3201:Enemas
2879:
2753:
2728:
2660:
2632:
2607:
2475:
2439:
2405:
2299:
2291:
2241:
2233:
2186:
2178:
2088:
1957:
1925:
1915:
1879:
1819:
1774:
1746:
1716:
1671:
1661:
1619:
1609:
1522:
1483:
1458:
1382:
1107:
1080:
1016:lectin
1006:Safety
975:ersatz
868:diesel
765:, and
727:cement
710:polyol
689:infect
655:under
566:cervix
558:nausea
474:pulses
472:, and
456:, and
358:0.5–1
345:0.5–1
332:0.5–1
293:85–95
280:Range
266:canola
264:, and
156:, and
130:paints
3716:Fruit
3490:Dairy
3425:Lardo
2680:(PDF)
2297:S2CID
2184:S2CID
1412:(PDF)
1401:(PDF)
1309:(PDF)
1298:(PDF)
1250:(PDF)
1243:(PDF)
1012:ricin
470:wheat
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