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respectfully, that, if they attend more diligently to the whole and the parts, they will quickly retract this opinion. Where indeed, I ask, would they find two towers of such magnificence and perfection, so high, so large, so strong, clothed round about with such multiple varieties of ornaments? Where, I ask, would they find such a multipartite arrangement of so many lateral vaults, above and below? Where, I ask, would they find such light-filled amenities as the many surrounding chapels? Furthermore, let them tell me in what church I may see such a large cross, of which one arm separates the choir from the nave. Finally, I would willingly learn where two such circles, situated opposite each other in a straight line, which on account of their appearance are given the name of the fourth vowel ; among which smaller orbs and circles, with wondrous artifice, so that some arranged circularly, others angularly, surround windows ruddy with precious colours and beautiful with the most subtle figures of the pictures. In fact, I believe that this church offers the carefully discerning such cause for admiration that its inspection can scarcely sate the soul.
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and soot. However, the cleaning of the church interior with latex solutions was criticized by
Michael Daley of Artwatch UK, referring to the earlier cleaning of Saint Paul's Cathedral in London. He asked, "Is there any good basis for wishing to present an artificially brightened and ahistorical white interior?" Jean-Michel Guilemont of the French Ministry of culture responded, "The interior elevations will regain their original colour, since the chapels and side aisles were very dirty. Of course it is not a white colour. The stone has a blonde colour, and the architects are very attentive to obtaining a patina which respects the centuries".
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1473:, however, has argued, based on detailed laser scans of the entire structure, that the buttresses were part of the original design. According to Tallon, the scans indicate that "the upper part of the building has not moved one smidgen in 800 years," whereas if they were added later some movement from prior to their addition would be expected. Tallon thus concluded that flying buttresses were present from the outset. The first buttresses were replaced by larger and stronger ones in the 14th century; these had a reach of fifteen metres (50 ft) between the walls and counter-supports.
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1990s renovation, the cathedral had continued to show signs of deterioration that prompted the national government to propose a new renovation program in the late 2010s. The entire renovation was estimated to cost €100 million, which the archbishop of Paris planned to raise through funds from the national government and private donations. A €6 million renovation of the cathedral's flèche began in late 2018 and continued into the following year, requiring the temporary removal of copper statues on the roof and other decorative elements days before the April 2019 fire.
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1469:. Before the buttresses, all of the weight of the roof pressed outward and down to the walls, and the abutments supporting them. With the flying buttress, the weight was carried by the ribs of the vault entirely outside the structure to a series of counter-supports, which were topped with stone pinnacles which gave them greater weight. The buttresses meant that the walls could be higher and thinner, and could have larger windows. The date of the first buttresses is not known with precision beyond an installation date in the 13th century. Art historian
2009:, which was reduced to 2,650,000 francs, for the restoration of Notre-Dame and the construction of a new sacristy building. This budget was exhausted in 1850, and work stopped as Viollet-le-Duc made proposals for more money. In totality, the restoration cost over 12 million francs. Supervising a large team of sculptors, glass makers and other craftsmen, and working from drawings or engravings, Viollet-le-Duc remade or added decorations if he felt they were in the spirit of the original style. One of the latter items was a taller and more ornate
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the error was discovered, whereupon the guard's supervisor told him to go to the correct location. The fire brigade was still not notified. By the time the guard had climbed the three hundred steps to the cathedral attic the fire was well advanced. The alarm system was not designed to automatically notify the fire brigade, which was finally summoned at 18:51 after the guard had returned from the attic and reported a now-raging fire, and more than half an hour after the fire alarm had begun sounding. Firefighters arrived in less than ten minutes.
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that, if the bells fell, they could wreck the tower, and endanger the structure of the other tower and the whole cathedral. They had to ascend a stairway threatened by fire, and to contend with low water pressure for their hoses. As other firefighters watered the stairway and the roof, a team of twenty climbed the narrow stairway of the south tower, crossed to the north tower, lowered hoses to be connected to fire engines outside the cathedral, and sprayed water on the fire beneath the bells. By 21:45, they brought the fire under control.
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2781:—a group of three at each point of the compass. In front of each group is a symbol representing one of the four evangelists: a winged ox for Saint Luke, a lion for Saint Mark, an eagle for Saint John and an angel for Saint Matthew. Just days prior to the fire, the statues were removed for restoration. While in place, they had faced outwards towards Paris, except one: the statue of Saint Thomas, the patron saint of architects, faced the flèche, and had the features of Viollet-le-Duc.
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and modified the organ. The stop and key action was upgraded, a new frame for selected components of the
Hermann-Boisseau-Cattiaux console was created, a new enclosed division ("Résonnance expressive", using pipework from the former "Petite Pédale" by Boisseau, which can now be used as a floating division), the organ case and the façade pipes were restored, and a general tuning was carried out. The current organ has 115 stops (156 ranks) on five manuals and pedal, and more than 8,000
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4855:, designating the Catholic Church as having the exclusive right to use it for religious purposes in perpetuity. Notre-Dame is one of seventy historic churches in France with this status. The archdiocese is responsible for paying the employees, for security, heating and cleaning, and for ensuring that the cathedral is open free of charge to visitors. The archdiocese does not receive subsidies from the French state.
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might erode the mortar binding the stone. To produce many thin streams rather than a torrent of water, a large number of gargoyles were used, so they were also designed to be a decorative element of the architecture. The rainwater ran from the roof into lead gutters, then down channels on the flying buttresses, then along a channel cut in the back of the gargoyle and out of the mouth away from the cathedral.
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3201:. Rioters burned the residence of the archbishop, next to the cathedral, and many of the panes were destroyed. The window was entirely rebuilt by Viollet-le-Duc in 1861. He rotated the window by fifteen degrees to give it a clear vertical and horizontal axis, and replaced the destroyed pieces of glass with new glass in the same style. The window today contains both medieval and 19th-century glass.
4300:: II/I, III/I, IV/I, V/I; III/II, IV/II, V/II; IV/III, V/III; V/IV, Octave grave général, inversion Positif/Grand-orgue, Tirasses (Grand-orgue, Positif, Récit, Solo, Grand-Chœur en 8; Grand-Orgue en 4, Positif en 4, Récit en 4, Solo en 4, Grand-Chœur en 4), Sub and Super octave couplers and Unison Off for all manuals (Octaves graves, octaves aiguës, annulation 8′). Octaves aiguës Pédalier.
2774:(or spirelet) was located over the transept. The original flèche was constructed in the 13th century, probably between 1220 and 1230. It was battered, weakened and bent by the wind over five centuries, and finally was removed in 1786. During the 19th-century restoration, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc recreated it, making a new version of oak covered with lead. The entire flèche weighed 750 tonnes.
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criticism in the international press from heritage academics and professionals who faulted the French government for being too narrowly focused on quickly building a new flèche, and neglecting to frame its response more holistically as an inclusive social process encompassing the whole building and its long-term users. A new law was immediately drafted to make Notre-Dame exempt from
3112:, are among the most famous features of the cathedral. The west rose window, over the portals, was the first and smallest of the roses in Notre-Dame. It is 9.6 metres (31 ft) in diameter, and was made in about 1225, with the pieces of glass set in a thick circular stone frame. None of the original glass remains in this window; it was recreated in the 19th century.
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4641:, Emmanuel and Marie, are mounted in the south tower. The eight others; Gabriel, Anne Geneviève, Denis, Marcel, Étienne, Benoît-Joseph, Maurice, and Jean-Marie; are mounted in the north tower. In addition to accompanying regular activities at the cathedral, the bells have also rung to commemorate events of national and international significance, such as the
4814:. These were used to tell the hours, which were marked by striking bells. In the 14th century Notre-Dame had two clepsydras running simultaneously, one in the cloister and one in the church itself. A lay chamberlain was responsible to keep the clocks filled with water and to notify a churchwarden when it was time to strike the bells for the hour.
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4851:. It was nationalized on 2 November 1789 and since then has been the property of the French state. Under the Concordat of 1801, use of the cathedral was returned to the Church, but not ownership. Legislation from 1833 and 1838 clarified that cathedrals were maintained at the expense of the French government. This was reaffirmed in
1191:, was built on the site, close to the royal palace. The entrance was situated about 40 metres (130 ft) west of the present west front of Notre-Dame, and the apse was located about where the west façade is today. It was roughly half the size of the later Notre-Dame, 70 metres (230 ft) long—and separated into
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Between 1990 and 1992, Jean-Loup
Boisseau, Bertrand Cattiaux, Philippe Émeriau, Michel Giroud, and the Société Synaptel revised and augmented the instrument throughout. A new frame for the Jean Hermann console was created. Between 2012 and 2014, Bertrand Cattiaux and Pascal Quoirin restored, cleaned,
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The colour of the restored interior will be "a shock" to some returning visitors, according to
General Jean-Louis Georgelin, the French army officer heading the restoration. "The whiteness under the dirt was quite spectacular". The stone was sprayed with a latex solution to lift off accumulated grime
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dating from the 13th century that had been destroyed in the early 18th century. In March 2023, in another significant discovery, archaeologists uncovered thousands of metal staples in various parts of the cathedral, some dating back to the early 1160s. The archaeologists concluded that "Notre Dame is
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The first task of the restoration was the removal of 250–300 tonnes of melted metal tubes, the remains of the scaffolding, which remained on the top after the fire and could have fallen onto the vaults and caused further structural damage. This stage began in
February 2020 and continued through April
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and was built by François
Thierry in the 18th century was also saved but sustained water damage. Because of the ongoing renovation, the copper statues on the flèche had been removed before the fire. The stone vaulting that forms the ceiling of the cathedral had several holes but was otherwise intact.
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was discovered. In 1758, three more crypts were dug in the Chapel of Saint-Georges to be used for burials of canons of Notre-Dame. In 1765, a larger crypt was built under the nave to be used for burials of canons, beneficiaries, chaplains, cantors, and choirboys. Between 1771 and 1773, the cathedral
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In 1699, many of the choir tombs were disturbed or covered over during a major renovation project. Remains which were exhumed were reburied in a common tomb beside the high altar. In 1711, a small crypt measuring about six by six metres (20 by 20 ft) was dug out in the middle of the choir which
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in the chapels along the south aisle of the nave, and replacing them with new windows with more contemporary designs. He invited contemporary artists to submit designs for the new windows. This proposal inspired a backlash in the press, and 140,000 persons signed a petition to keep the old windows.
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The two transept windows are larger and contain a greater proportion of glass than the rose on the west façade, because the new system of buttresses made the nave walls thinner and stronger. The north rose was created in about 1250, and the south rose in about 1260. The south rose in the transept is
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The gargoyles, which were added in about 1240, had a more practical purpose. They were the rain spouts of the cathedral, designed to divide the torrent of water which poured from the roof after rain, and to project it outwards as far as possible from the buttresses and the walls and windows where it
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The two towers are 69 metres (226 ft) high. The towers were the last major element of the cathedral to be constructed. The south tower was built first, between 1220 and 1240, and the north tower between 1235 and 1250. The newer north tower is slightly larger, as can be seen when they are viewed
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but instead sent a cathedral guard to investigate. Instead of going to the correct attic, the guard was sent to the wrong location, to the attic of the adjoining sacristy, and reported there was no fire. The guard telephoned his supervisor, who did not immediately answer. About fifteen minutes later
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During the liberation of Paris in August 1944, the cathedral suffered some minor damage from stray bullets. Some of the medieval glass was damaged, and was replaced by glass with modern abstract designs. On 26 August, a special Mass was held in the cathedral to celebrate the liberation of Paris from
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The construction of the sacristy was especially financially costly. To secure a firm foundation, it was necessary for
Viollet-le-Duc's labourers to dig nine metres (thirty feet). Master glassworkers meticulously copied styles of the 13th century, as written about by art historians Antoine Lusson and
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three times a day, both practices which continue today. During the French
Revolution, most of the cathedral's bells were removed and melted down. While many of them bore the names of the medieval bells, most were relatively recent recastings made from most of the same metal. During the 19th-century
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In addition to the great organ in the west end, the quire of the cathedral carries a medium-sized choir organ of 2 manuals, 30 stops and 37 ranks in a 19th-century case from the 1960s. During the fire of 2019, it was heavily damaged by waterlogging, but is at least partially reusable. It also had a
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Amid all the religious figures, some of the sculptural decoration was devoted to illustrating medieval science and philosophy. The central portal of the west façade is decorated with carved figures holding circular plaques with symbols of transformation taken from alchemy. The central pillar of the
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Two years after the fire, a great deal of work had been completed but a news report stated that: "there is still a hole on top of the church. They're also building a replica of the church's spire". More oak trees needed to be shipped to Paris, where they would need to be dried before use; they will
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A new phase of the restoration commenced on 8 June 2020. Two teams of workers began descending into the roof to remove the tangle of tubes of the old scaffolding melted by the fire. The workers used saws to cut up the forty thousand pieces of scaffolding, weighing altogether two hundred tons, which
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In
October 2019, the French government announced that the first stage of reconstruction, the stabilising of the structure against collapse, would take until the end of 2020. In December 2019, Monseigneur Patrick Chauvet, the rector of the cathedral, said there was still a 50% chance that Notre-Dame
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Immediately after the fire, President Macron promised that Notre-Dame would be restored, and called for the work to be completed within five years. An international architectural competition was also announced to redesign the flèche and roof. The hasty flèche competition announcement drew immediate
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in Paris, which accelerated erosion of decorations and discoloured the stone. By the late 1980s, several gargoyles and turrets had also fallen or become too loose to remain safely in place. A decade-long renovation programme began in 1991 and replaced much of the exterior, with care given to retain
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in her left hand, and in her right hand, two books, one open (symbol of public knowledge), and the other closed (esoteric knowledge), along with a ladder with seven steps, symbolizing the seven steps alchemists followed in their scientific quest of trying to transform ordinary metals into gold. On
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The south tower was accessible to visitors by a stairway, whose entrance was on the south side of the tower. The stairway has 387 steps, and has a stop at the Gothic hall at the level of the rose window, where visitors could look over the parvis and see a collection of paintings and sculpture from
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President Macron suggested he was open to a "contemporary architectural gesture". Even before the competition rules were announced, architects around the world offered suggestions: the proposals included a 100-metre (330 ft) flèche made of carbon fibre, covered with gold leaf; a roof built of
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The cathedral's flèche collapsed at 19:50, bringing down some 750 tonnes of stone and lead. The firefighters inside were ordered back down. By this time the fire had spread to the north tower, where the eight bells were located. The firefighters concentrated their efforts in the tower. They feared
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The set of four 19th-century bells at the top of the northern towers at Notre-Dame were melted down and recast into new bronze bells in 2013, to celebrate the building's 850th anniversary. They were designed to recreate the sound of the cathedral's original bells from the 17th century. Despite the
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in 1794. During this time, many of the treasures of the cathedral were either destroyed or plundered. The twenty-eight statues of biblical kings located at the west façade, mistaken for statues of French kings, were beheaded. Many of the heads were found during a 1977 excavation nearby, and are on
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was installed in a glass cabinet in the gallery beneath the north rose window and rang three bells placed outside above the north portal. Between 1812 and 1813, the clock and bells were moved to the north tower. A 1.34-metre (4.4 ft) clock face was installed inside the church below the organ
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on several altars. The cathedral's great bells escaped being melted down. All of the other large statues on the façade, with the exception of the statue of the Virgin Mary on the portal of the cloister, were destroyed. The cathedral came to be used as a warehouse for the storage of food and other
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After the baptism, the bells were hoisted into the towers through circular openings in the vaulted ceilings and mounted to headstocks to allow the bells to swing. Notre-Dame's bells swing on a straight swinging axis, meaning the axis of rotation is just above the crown of the bell. This style of
3018:, who was widely read in the Middle Ages, as a large-headed bird with transfixed eyes, rapacious beak, and greyish white wings. They were part of the visual message for the illiterate worshipers, symbols of the evil and danger that threatened those who did not follow the teachings of the church.
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within a glass-enclosed room. This controlled four dormer clock faces visible on the transept roofs, two on each side. This clock was destroyed by the 2019 fire. Shortly after the fire, French clockmaker Jean-Baptiste Vior discovered an almost identical 1867 Collin-Wagner movement in storage at
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In 1858, the choir crypt was expanded to stretch most of the length of the choir. During this project, many medieval tombs were rediscovered. Likewise the nave crypt was also rediscovered in 1863 when a larger vault was dug out to install a vault heater. Many other tombs are also located in the
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The south rose has 94 medallions, arranged in four circles, depicting scenes from the life of Christ and those who witnessed his time on earth. The inner circle has twelve medallions showing the twelve apostles. (During later restorations, some of these original medallions were moved to circles
1382:, which was nearing completion at the time of his death in 1208. By this time, the western façade was already largely built, though it was not completed until around the mid-1240s. Between 1225 and 1250 the upper gallery of the nave was constructed, along with the two towers on the west façade.
2584:) announced that the sarcophagus was extracted from the cathedral and that scientists have already peeked into the casket using an endoscopic camera, revealing the upper part of a skeleton. Another significant discovery was an opening below the cathedral floor, likely made around 1230 when the
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in northern Paris. Olivier
Chandez, who had been responsible for the upkeep of Notre-Dame's clock, described the find as "almost a miracle." While the clock cannot simply be installed in Notre-Dame itself, it is hoped that the clock can be used to create a new clock for Notre-Dame to the same
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Seventy-six paintings had been donated by 1708, when the custom was discontinued for financial reasons. Those works were confiscated in 1793 and the majority were subsequently dispersed among regional museums in France. Those that remained in the cathedral were removed or relocated within the
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were added at the choir, where the altar was located, in order to bring more light into the centre of the church. The use of simpler four-part rather than six-part rib vaults meant that the roofs were stronger and could be higher. After Bishop Maurice de Sully's death in 1196, his successor,
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In February 2021, the selection of oak trees to replace the flèche and roof timbers destroyed by the fire began. As many as a thousand mature trees will be chosen from the forests of France, each of a diameter of 50 to 90 centimetres (20 to 35 in) and a height of 8 to 14 metres (26 to
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That most glorious church of the most glorious Virgin Mary, mother of God, deservedly shines out, like the sun among stars. And although some speakers, by their own free judgment, because able to see only a few things easily, may say that some other is more beautiful, I believe, however,
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with lead gutters. Noailles also strengthened the buttresses, galleries, terraces, and vaults. In 1756, the cathedral's canons decided that its interior was too dark. The medieval stained glass windows, except the rosettes, were removed and replaced with plain, white glass panes. Lastly,
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The massive fire left the three great medieval rose windows essentially intact, but with some damage. The rector of the Cathedral noted that one rose window would have to be dismantled, as it was unstable and at risk. Most of the other damaged windows were of much less historical value.
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cannot be saved due to the risk of the remaining scaffolding falling onto the three damaged vaults. Reconstruction could not begin before early 2021. President Macron announced that he hoped the reconstructed Cathedral could be finished by spring 2024, in time for the opening of the
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Before the French Revolution, it was common for the bells to break, and they were often removed for repairs or to be entirely recast, and sometimes renamed. The bell Guillaume, for example, was renamed three times and recast no less than five times between 1230 and 1770.
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ringing produces a clearer tone, as the clapper strikes the bell on the upswing, called a flying clapper. However, it also causes great horizontal forces, which can be up to one and a half times the weight of the bell. For this reason the bells are mounted within wooden
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in the medieval flèche, three clock bells on the north transept in the 18th century, and six bells added in the 19th century – three in the reconstructed flèche and three within the roof to be heard in the sanctuary. These were destroyed during the 2019 fire.
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2820:, a "poor people's book", covered with sculptures vividly illustrating biblical stories, for the vast majority of parishioners who were, at the time, illiterate. To add to the effect, all of the sculpture on the façades was originally painted and gilded.
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In 2022, a preventive dig carried out between February and April before the construction of a scaffold for reconstructing the cathedral's flèche unearthed several statues and tombs under the cathedral. One of the discoveries included a 14th-century lead
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After the death of Pierre Cochereau, the cathedral authorities controversially decided to return to the Clicquot practice of having several titulaires, and also to guarantee that no one organist would have so much influence over the organ.
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the authentic architectural elements of the cathedral, including rigorous inspection of new limestone blocks. A discreet system of electrical wires, not visible from below, was also installed on the roof to deter pigeons. The cathedral's
3263:). High-ranking clergy and some royals were buried in the choir and apse, while many others, including lower-ranking clergy and lay people, were buried in the nave or chapels. There is no surviving complete record of all of the burials.
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already known by authorities to have ties to radical Islamist organizations on charges of plotting to travel to Paris and attack the cathedral. Later that year, on 6 June, visitors were shut inside Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris after
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Description historique des curiosités de l'eglise de Paris, contenant le détail de l'édifice, tant extérieur qu'intérieur, le trésor, les chapelles, tombeaux, épitaphes, et l'explication des tableaux, avec les noms des peintres,
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and chevet chapels, then began the 15-metre (49 ft) flying buttresses of the choir. Jean le Bouteiller, Ravy's nephew, succeeded him in 1344 and was himself replaced on his death in 1363 by his deputy, Raymond du Temple.
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the bells, and a godparent formally bestowed a name on the bell. Most of the cathedral's early bells were named after the person who donated them, but they were also named after biblical figures, saints, bishops, and others.
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promised that the restoration "will not be hasty." On 29 July 2019, the French National Assembly enacted a law requiring that the restoration must "preserve the historic, artistic and architectural interest of the monument."
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and other landmarks, for destruction; the Communards piled the furniture together in order to burn the cathedral. The arson was halted when the Communard government realised that the fire would also destroy the neighbouring
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2020. A large crane, 84 metres (276 ft) high, was put in place next to the cathedral to help remove the scaffolding. Later, wooden support beams were added to stabilise the flying buttresses and other structures.
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The selection of these first oaks trees is an important step on the road to the rebirth of the cathedral," says Dominique Jarlier, president of the National Federation of Forestry Municipalities. "It's part of a huge
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1330:. It began after the completion of the choir but ended before the final allotted section of the nave was finished. Beginning in 1190, the bases of the façade were put in place, and the first traverses were completed.
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at Notre-Dame, built in 1403 by Frédéric Schambantz, was rebuilt many times over the course of 300 years, however 12 pipes and some wood survive from this ancient instrument. It was replaced between 1730 and 1738 by
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Since 1449, the Parisian goldsmith guild had made regular donations to the cathedral chapter. In 1630, the guild began donating a large altarpiece every year on the first of May. These works came to be known as the
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which are recessed from the towers' stone walls. These absorb the horizontal forces and prevent the bells from damaging the relatively brittle stonework. The current belfries date to the 19th-century restoration.
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2469:, with opponents accusing Macron's administration of using Notre-Dame self-servingly for political grandstanding, and defenders arguing the need for expediency and tax breaks to encourage philanthropic giving.
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3186:. Below are sixteen windows with painted images of Prophets. These were not part of the original window; they were painted during the restoration in the 19th century by Alfred Gérenthe, under the direction of
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Since 1905, France's cathedrals (including Notre-Dame) have been owned by the state, which is self-insured. Some costs might be recovered through insurance coverage if the fire is found to have been caused by
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7652:"Le projet de loi pour la restauration de Notre-Dame adopté par l'Assemblée nationale: Ce projet de loi prévoit des dérogations aux règles d'urbanisme pour respecter le calendrier voulu par Emmanuel Macron"
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restrictions, performed inside the building in December 2020 for the first time since the fire more than a year and a half prior. A video of the event aired later, just before midnight on 24 December 2020.
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provided insurance coverage for two of the contracting firms working on Notre-Dame's restoration before the blaze. AXA also provided insurance coverage for some of the relics and artworks in the cathedral.
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On 18 September 2021, the public agency overseeing the Cathedral stated that the safety work was completed, the cathedral was now fully secured, and that reconstruction would begin within a few months.
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One of four clock faces of Notre-Dame's 19th-century clock (right). Chimes for the 18th-century clock were once held in a north transept turret, similar to the one pictured left on the south transept.
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On 15 April 2019 the cathedral caught fire, destroying the flèche and the "forest" of oak roof beams supporting the lead roof. It was speculated that the fire was linked to ongoing renovation work.
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During Viollet-le-Duc's restoration in the 19th century, a new clock was made. The 1867 Collin-Wagner movement, measuring two metres (6.6 ft) across, was located in the forest underneath the
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In the 1960s, after three decades of debate, it was decided to replace many of the 19th-century grisaille windows in the nave designed by Viollet-le-Duc with new windows. The new windows, made by
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2465:, which prompted an open letter to President Macron signed by over 1,170 heritage experts urging respect for existing regulations. The law, which passed on 11 May 2019, was hotly debated in the
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The practice of bell-ringing at Notre-Dame is recorded as early as 1198. By the end of the 14th century the bells were marking the civil hours, and in 1472 they began to call to prayer for the
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Notre-Dame began a year-long celebration of the 850th anniversary of the laying of the first building block for the cathedral on 12 December 2012. During that anniversary year, on 21 May 2013,
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An ornate tapestry woven in the early 1800s was on public display, for only the third time in recent decades. The decoration was rescued from Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral after the fire.
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On 19 January 1969, vandals placed a North Vietnamese flag at the top the flèche, and sabotaged the stairway leading to it. The flag was cut from the flèche by Paris Fire Brigade Sergeant
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4306:: Coupure Pédalier. Coupure Chamade. Appel Résonnance. Sostenuto for all manuals and the pedal. Cancel buttons for each division. 50,000 combinations (5,000 groups each). Replay system.
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in Paris, and Maurice de Sully. The second phase, from 1182 to 1190, concerned the construction of the four sections of the nave behind the choir and its aisles to the height of the
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It was reported that the great organ itself suffered very little damage (mostly to one Principal 32' pipe and substantial dust) in the fire of April 2019, but will need cleaning.
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3420:. An extensive restoration and cleaning was carried out by Joseph Beuchet in 1932 which mostly included changes to the Récit. Between 1959 and 1963, the mechanical action with
768:). In the early 21st century, approximately 12 million people visited Notre-Dame annually, making it the most visited monument in Paris. The cathedral is renowned for its
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of March through May 1871, the cathedral and other churches were closed, and some two hundred priests and the Archbishop of Paris were taken as hostages. In May, during the
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executed a similar scheme on the southern transept. Both these transept portals were richly embellished with sculpture; the south portal depicts scenes from the lives of
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floor was repaved with black and white marble tiles, which covered over most of the remaining tombs. This prevented many of these tombs from being disturbed during the
1974:) in 1831 to save Notre-Dame. The book was an enormous success, raising awareness of the cathedral's decaying state. The same year as Hugo's novel was published, anti-
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The south rose had a difficult history. In 1543 it was damaged by the settling of the masonry walls, and not restored until 1725–1727. It was seriously damaged in the
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For the first time in more than 200 years, the Christmas Mass was not hosted at the cathedral on 25 December 2019, due to the ongoing restoration work after the fire.
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farther out). The next two circles depict celebrated martyrs and virgins. The fourth circle shows twenty angels, as well as saints important to Paris, notably Saint
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The western façade of Notre-Dame in the early 1860s, towards the end of the restoration. The flèche was rebuilt and the statues of the kings were partially restored.
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was the first bishop to be buried in Notre-Dame. His copper-covered sarcophocus was placed in the middle of the choir where it remained for almost five centuries.
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on the grounds of the cathedral so they would not need to be transported long distances. According to tradition, the bishop of Paris held a ceremony in which he
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Notre-Dame's belfry was used as the model for this diagram. The stonework, however, was not drawn to be accurate. See Billon 1821, p. 148 and Doré 2012, p. 203.
1276:(not related to Maurice), according to masters whose names have been lost. Analysis of vault stones that fell in the 2019 fire shows that they were quarried in
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8223:"Notre Dame's fresh interior—cleaned with controversial latex paste—will deliver a 'shock', restoration chief promises", "The Art Newspaper", 22 November 2022.
8214:"The Art Newspaper", "Notre Dame's fresh interior—cleaned with controversial latex paste—will deliver a 'shock', restoration chief promises," 22 November 2022.
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Rouche, Michel (19 December 2012), "Jubilé de cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris – La symbolique des cathédrales : approche historique, religieuse, sociale",
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and to mark the 800th anniversary of the cathedral, the façade was cleaned of the centuries of soot and grime, restoring it to its original off-white colour.
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731:. Beginning in 1963, the cathedral's façade was cleaned of soot and grime. Another cleaning and restoration project was carried out between 1991 and 2000. A
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l'Héritier, Maxime; Azéma, Aurélia; Syvilay, Delphine; Delqué-Kolic, Emmanuelle; Beck, Lucile; Guillot, Ivan; Bernard, Mathilde; Dillmann, Philippe (2023).
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restoration, four new bells were made for the north tower. These were replaced in 2012 with nine as part of the cathedral's 850th anniversary celebration.
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The main structure was intact; firefighters saved the façade, towers, walls, buttresses, and stained glass windows. The Great Organ, which has over 8,000
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said approximately 500 firefighters helped to battle the fire. One firefighter was seriously injured and two police officers were hurt during the blaze.
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8445:"West rose window of Notre Dame de Paris, Notre Dame Cathedral West Rose Window, Detail, Digital and Special Collections, Georgetown University Library"
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in 1789, Notre-Dame and the rest of the church's property in France was seized and made public property. The cathedral was rededicated in 1793 to the
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was used as a burial vault for the archbishops, if they had not requested to be buried elsewhere. It was during this excavation that the 1st-century
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Lesté-Lasserre, Christa (12 March 2020). "Scientists are leading Notre Dame's restoration—and probing mysteries laid bare by its devastating fire".
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stained glass; a greenhouse; a garden with trees, open to the sky; and a column of light pointed upwards. A poll published in the French newspaper
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4318:) of the great organ of Notre-Dame is considered one of the most prestigious organist posts in France, along with the post of titular organist of
2013:, to replace the original 13th-century flèche, which had been removed in 1786. The decoration of the restoration included a bronze roof statue of
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46 ft), and an age of several hundred years. Once cut, the trees must dry for 12 to 18 months. The trees will be replaced by new plantings.
9059:. Translated by Cook, Lindsay; Tallon, Andrew. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press (published 5 April 2020).
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Animation showing the south façade before and after the fire; scaffolding had been erected as part of renovations underway when the fire started
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5324:. It is thought that the population of Paris grew from 25,000 in 1180 to 50,000 in 1220, making it the largest European city outside of Italy.
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Many of the statues, particularly the grotesques, were removed from the façade in the 17th and 18th centuries, or were destroyed during the
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of the nave. The ribs transferred the thrust of the weight of the roof downward and outwards to the pillars and the supporting buttresses.
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The plan for contemporary windows was finally rejected by the French Commission on Architectural Monuments and Patrimony in July, 2024.
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The tomb of bishop Matifort (died 1304) located behind the high altar is the only surviving medieval funerary sculpture at Notre-Dame.
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now unquestionably the first known Gothic cathedral where iron was massively used to bind stones as a proper construction material."
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restored Notre-Dame to the Catholic Church, though this was only finalized on 18 April 1802. Napoleon also named Paris's new bishop,
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Over time, the cathedral has gradually been stripped of many decorations and artworks. However, the cathedral still contains Gothic,
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8543:”Plans to Install Contemporary Stained-glass Windows in Notre-Dame Cathedral Inspire Backlash” , Smithsonian Magazine, July 10, 2024
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In early 2024 French President Macron proposed removing six of the seven undamaged 19th century stained glass windows created by
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8750:. Paris: Chez Adrien Le Clere, Imprimeur de S. Em. Mgr. le Cardinal Archeveque de Paris, quai des Augustins, no. 35. p. 151.
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The western façade of Notre-Dame in 1841, showing the building in an advanced state of disrepair before the major restoration by
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remodeling of Saint-Étienne that, although enlarged and remodeled, was found to be unfit for the growing population of Paris. A
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8158:"Notre-Dame de Paris: The first iron lady? Archaeometallurgical study and dating of the Parisian cathedral iron reinforcements"
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hang in Notre-Dame although these paintings suffered water damage during the fire of 2019 and were removed for conservation.
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succeeded de Chelles and de Montreuil and then each other in the construction of the cathedral. Ravy completed de Chelles's
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The massive buttresses which counter the outward thrust from the rib vaults of the nave. The weight of the building-shaped
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Model of the flèche and "forest" of wooden roof beams made for Viollet-le-Duc (1859) (Museum of Historic Monuments, Paris)
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was tasked with the modification of the portals at the front of the cathedral to allow processions to enter more easily.
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was carefully lifted out of the roof by an 80-metre-tall (260 ft) crane. The phase was completed in November 2020.
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on 8 May 2019 showed that 55% of French respondents wanted a flèche identical to the original. French culture minister
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and of various local saints, while the north portal featured the infancy of Christ and the story of Theophilus in the
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7557:"In Notre Dame, we find a heritage that invites us to breathe and reflect: A spire competition is the wrong approach"
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1603:, the Gothic style fell out of style, and the internal pillars and walls of Notre-Dame were covered with tapestries.
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caused serious damage and forced the cathedral to close for five years; it is planned to reopen on 8 December 2024.
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8071:"Mysterious sarcophagus found below fire-damaged Notre Dame cathedral will soon be opened and its secrets revealed"
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1767 illustration of a bell headstock and mounting components (left) and Notre-Dame's original south belfry (right)
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Gospel of Matthew which date from the last quarter of the 12th century. These are the oldest glass in the window.
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7698:"New law regarding Notre Dame says restoration must preserve its 'historic, artistic and architectural interest'"
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Circular utility door (right of center) in the ceiling below the north tower made for raising and lowering bells
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added a gabled portal to the north transept topped by a spectacular rose window. Shortly afterward (from 1258)
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Inglis, Erik (2003). "Gothic Architecture and a Scholastic: Jean de Jandun's Tractatus de laudibus Parisius".
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of the apse of Notre-Dame (14th century) reached 15 metres (49 ft) from the wall to the counter-supports.
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The stone masonry of the cathedral's exterior had deteriorated in the 19th and 20th century due to increased
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3354:(1793–1848) in the Chapel of Saint-Denis. The sculpture depicts the archbishop's mortal wounding during the
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and was largely completed by 1260, though it was modified in succeeding centuries. In the 1790s, during the
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be essential in completing the restoration. The oaks used to make the framework are tested and selected by
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or buttress of the north tower is also larger. The cathedral's main peal of bells is within these towers.
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2256:, former archbishop of Paris and Jewish convert to Catholicism, was held in Notre-Dame on 10 August 2007.
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Another significant change came in the mid-13th century, when the transepts were remodelled in the latest
1367:, believed to have belonged to Louis, was added to the collection of relics at some time after his death.
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9359:Étude historique et archéologique sur la cathédrale et le palais épiscopal de Paris du vie au xiie siècle
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Communique of the Press and Communication Service of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame-de-Paris, November 2014.
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of "Bloody Week", as the army recaptured the city, the Communards targeted the cathedral, along with the
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779:. These sermons have increasingly been given by leading public figures or government-employed academics.
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Peltier, Elian; Glanz, James; Gröndahl, Mika; Cai, Weiyi; Nossiter, Adam; Alderman, Liz (16 July 2019).
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The 2019 fire destroyed Notre-Dame's wooden roof and flèche but left the outer structure largely intact.
1645:. The prestigious commission was awarded to the most prominent painters and, after 1648, members of the
1109:– Reconstruction begins two years after the fire that destroyed a large part of the roof and the flèche.
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Until the French Revolution, Notre-Dame was the property of the archbishop of Paris and therefore the
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3251:. In the medieval period, burials were made directly into the floor of the church, or in above-ground
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designs and colour to try to recreate the luminosity of the cathedral's interior in the 13th century.
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particularly notable for its size and artistry. It is 12.9 metres (42 ft) in diameter; with the
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In addition to the main bells, the cathedral has also had smaller secondary bells. These included a
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During the following years, the stoplist was gradually modified by Robert Boisseau (who added three
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that the construction of Notre-Dame began between 24 March and 25 April 1163 with the laying of the
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Further information on the Organ with specifications of the Grandes Orgues and the Orgue de Choeur
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2998:, a mythical hybrid creature which usually had the body of a lion and the head of a goat, and the
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5673:"Le Guide du Patrimoine en France, Editions du Patrimoine, Centre des Monuments Nationaux, p. 303
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1960:, Notre-Dame fell into such a state of disrepair that Paris officials considered its demolition.
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5-stop single-manual continuo organ, which was completely destroyed by water from firefighters.
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built a new organ, using pipework from the former instruments. The organ was dedicated in 1868.
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walked across a tight-rope strung between Notre-Dame's two bell towers entertaining spectators.
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The rooster weathervane at the top of the flèche contained three relics: a tiny piece from the
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The southern façade of Notre-Dame at the beginning of the restoration work; photo from 1847 by
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1702:, extensively modified the roof of Notre-Dame in 1726, renovating its framing and removing the
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8704:"Dictionnaire raisonné de l'architecture française du XIe au XVIe siècle/Beffroi – Wikisource"
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3435:. In autumn 1983, the electric combination system was disconnected due to short-circuit risk.
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was replaced with an electric action by Jean Hermann, and a new organ console was installed.
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Above the rose was a window depicting Christ triumphant seated in the sky, surrounded by his
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The exteriors of cathedrals and other Gothic churches were also decorated with sculptures of
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Notre-Dame de Paris : sa place dans l'histoire de l'architecture du xiie au xive siècle
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and shot himself, dying instantly. Around 1,500 visitors were evacuated from the cathedral.
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for its resonance and resistance to corrosion. During the medieval period, they were often
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According to later studies, the fire broke out in the attic of the cathedral at 18:18. The
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7400:"Notre Dame choir returns for first time since devastating fire for Christmas Eve concert"
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Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, réglements, et avis du Conseil d'État
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5195:
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surrounding it, a total of 19 metres (62 ft). It was given to the cathedral by King
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at the top of the flèche. It was found lightly damaged in the rubble after the 2019 fire.
2585:
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1944:
1723:
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was crowned king of France in Notre-Dame, aged ten, the traditional coronation church of
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3431:: 8′, 4′, and 2′/16′) in 1968 and Jean-Loup Boisseau after 1975, all upon the orders of
3386:
2005:, were appointed in 1844. The next year, Viollet-le-Duc submitted a budget of 3,888,500
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7900:"Incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris : le délicat démontage de l'échafaudage commence"
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over the central portal on the west façade, facing the square, vividly illustrates the
2746:
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Stabilization of Notre-Dame and removal of roof debris and scaffolding in February 2020
2340:
2014:
1847:
1678:
Antoine de La Porte commissioned for Louis XIV six paintings depicting the life of the
1479:
recognized the cathedral as one of Paris's three most important buildings in his 1323
1406:
1269:
11319:
10807:
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8285:"Notre Dame's historic statues safe after being removed just days before massive fire"
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51:
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8558:
8197:
7702:
7625:"Notre-Dame: 'Monsieur le président, ne dessaisissez pas les experts du patrimoine!'"
7598:
7564:
7530:
7374:
7340:"Firefighter and two police officers injured battling 'catastrophic' Notre-Dame fire"
7106:
7099:"Notre-Dame came far closer to collapsing than people knew. This is how it was saved"
6511:
6353:
6290:
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6223:
5382:"Notre-Dame rooster back on Paris cathedral's spire as renovation enters final stage"
5360:
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3247:
Unlike some other French cathedrals, Notre-Dame was originally constructed without a
3043:
2999:
2898:
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Following Viollet-le-Duc's plans, the flèche was surrounded by copper statues of the
2510:
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was upgraded with a computerized system to control the mechanical connections to the
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2017:
that resembles Viollet-le-Duc, as well as the sculpture of mythical creatures on the
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370:
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7745:"Notre Dame Cathedral, empty for Christmas, may never recover from devastating fire"
5550:
4817:
In 1766, Guillot de Montjoye and Jean-Bernard de Vienne, canons and stewards of the
2573:. On 14 April 2022, France's National Preventive Archaeological Research Institute (
2506:
2081:
1827:
953:– South rose window, poorly built, is reconstructed. Later entirely rebuilt in 1854.
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11245:
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11064:
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10665:
10657:
10417:
10371:
10273:
10034:
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9177:. La grâce d'une cathédrale. Strasbourg: La Nuée Bleue (published 4 October 2012).
8955:
8922:
8899:
8895:
8886:
8187:
8177:
8024:"'Extraordinary': ancient tombs and statues unearthed beneath Notre Dame Cathedral"
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6215:
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4557:
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was held at the cathedral, as with past French heads of state, on 11 January 1996.
2096:
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1735:
1230:
974:
967:
removes all bronze, lead, and precious metals from the cathedral to be melted down.
940:
838:
with two levels: upper level of upright windows with pointed arches, still without
821:
697:; much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed. In the 19th century, the
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204:
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7997:"Notre-Dame Cathedral ready for restoration after post-fire safety work completed"
7874:"L'émouvante interprétation de l'Ave Maria chanté par la comédienne Judith Chemla"
7679:"Glass, Golden Flames or a Beam of Light: What Should Replace Notre-Dame's Spire?"
5756:
5406:
4897:
4462:
2153:
1237:, which had been inaugurated at the royal abbey of Saint Denis in the late 1130s.
1086:
719:) inspired interest which led to restoration between 1844 and 1864, supervised by
12641:
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10077:
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9792:
9765:
9704:
9424:
9392:
9277:
9232:. Paris: Chez C. P. Gueffier, Pere, Libraire, Parvis Notre-Dame, à la Libéralité.
9226:
9141:
8946:
8747:
Description historique de la Basilique métropolitaine de Paris: ornée de gravures
8745:
8321:
8289:
8182:
7971:"CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient"
6797:
6727:
6425:
5304:
5300:
5054:
5000:
4600:
4385:
4374:
3036:
2793:
2785:
2778:
2352:
2306:
2002:
1957:
1855:
1593:
1575:
1466:
1402:
1360:
1349:
1226:
1096:
944:
936:
916:
862:
791:
773:
732:
655:
600:
472:
130:
57:
12678:
12621:
12497:
9367:
8688:
8557:. Paris, France: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. pp. 445–446.
8419:"From Notre Dame to Prague, Europe's anti-Semitism is literally carved in stone"
7195:"After The Flames, Notre Dame's Centuries-Old Organ May Never Be The Same Again"
7134:"Notre-Dame's Safety Planners Underestimated the Risk, With Devastating Results"
4526:
995:
restores the use of the cathedral (though not ownership) to the Catholic Church.
12724:
12683:
12601:
12565:
12512:
12415:
12322:
12271:
11968:
11868:
11719:
11191:
11176:
11171:
10618:
10422:
10072:
10026:
9751:
6277:
Grandeur et misère du patrimoine, d'André Malraux à Jacques Duhamel (1959–1973)
4638:
3417:
3372:
3292:
3172:
2498:
2478:
2315:
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2175:
1983:
1890:
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747:
440:
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275:
186:
12661:
12460:
12058:
12048:
11424:
10721:
9602:
9394:
Relations politiques de la France et de l'Espagne avec l'Écosse au XVIe siècle
8787:
7885:
7840:
7806:
6308:
6119:
3026:
central door of Notre-Dame features a statue of a woman on a throne holding a
2318:
immediately signaled the fire to a cathedral employee, who did not summon the
1514:
in the 19th century. Portals and nave to the left, a choir in the center, and
221:
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13595:
12606:
12411:
12407:
12180:
12073:
12068:
12023:
11983:
11958:
11836:
11791:
11339:
11166:
10048:
10016:
9817:
9575:
9143:
Campanologie: Étude sur les Cloches et les Sonneries Françaises et Étrangères
9118:
9052:
8679:
7602:
7568:
7534:
7378:
7110:
6227:
5958:
5167:
5087:
4955:
4901:
4581:
4563:
3145:
3141:
3137:
2972:
2882:
2833:
2514:
2204:
2033:
1668:
1470:
1410:
1353:
1335:
1280:, a county northwest of Paris, and presumably brought up the Seine by ferry.
1128:
Outline of the primitive Cathedral of Notre-Dame in 1150, on the spot of the
1076:
1040:
1016:
889:– Two new traverses join towers with nave. West rose window complete in 1220.
671:
455:
86:
73:
12735:
12426:
8624:(in German). Translated by Schafer, Kimberly. pp. 70–71. Archived from
8053:"A Mysterious Sarcophagus Discovered Beneath Notre-Dame Will Soon Be Opened"
6294:
5985:
5838:
2174:
was held in Notre-Dame on 12 November 1970. The next year, on 26 June 1971,
1799:
The western façade and parvis of Notre-Dame in 1699. On the left is the old
1272:. Four phases of construction took place under bishops Maurice de Sully and
727:
from German occupation was celebrated in Notre-Dame with the singing of the
12719:
12656:
12575:
12560:
12431:
12200:
12053:
11858:
11736:
11149:
11145:
11130:
11125:
11110:
11105:
10542:
8914:
Davis, Michael T. "Splendor and Peril: The Cathedral of Paris, 1290–1350."
8201:
8134:
8113:
8028:
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6219:
4665:
4545:
3421:
3409:
3156:
3109:
3014:
appeared in classical Roman literature; it was described by the Roman poet
2797:
2319:
2167:
2006:
1989:
The architect who had hitherto been in charge of Notre-Dame's maintenance,
1758:
1431:
1327:
1323:
1089:
orders the cleaning of the cathedral façade of centuries of grime and soot.
659:
211:
143:
10686:
8840:"Loi du 9 décembre 1905 concernant la séparation des Eglises et de l'Etat"
8692:(in French). Vol. Planches 4. Paris: Chez Briasson, David, Le Breton.
6591:
Bremner, Charles (21 December 1999). "Paris given a millennium makeover".
6374:"France mourns de Gaulle; world leaders to attend a service at Notre Dame"
6204:"La dévastation de Notre-Dame et de l'archevêché de Paris en février 1831"
4750:
1854 illustration by Pégard showing the 1850 belfry which is present today
12231:
11973:
11863:
11761:
11206:
9027:
9001:
7726:"Notre Dame rector sees 'maybe' 50 percent chance cathedral can be saved"
5105:
5039:
4811:
3413:
3256:
3252:
3164:
2976:
2589:
2562:
2502:
2289:
2283:
after a car containing seven gasoline canisters was found near Notre-Dame
1975:
1961:
1835:
1679:
1600:
1448:
1261:
1176:
843:
787:
706:
694:
639:
11196:
8967:
8733:. University Park, Pennsylvania, USA: The Pennsylvania University Press.
6751:"Paris's crumbling Notre-Dame looks to wealthy foreigners for salvation"
6697:"In Paris, Worn-Out Notre-Dame Needs a Makeover, and Hopes You Can Help"
5696:"Notre-Dame de Paris. Une des premières cathédrales gothiques de France"
5320:
and other French cities was characteristic of Western Europe during the
4726:
The bourdon Emmanuel, Notre-Dame's largest and oldest bell, cast in 1686
3358:
while holding an olive branch as a sign of peace. The inscription reads
2456:
The roof reduced to piles of char at the top of the mostly intact vaults
1465:
An important innovation in the 13th century was the introduction of the
12646:
11853:
11848:
10828:
10766:
9464:
Dictionnaire raisonné de l'architecture française du XIe au XVIe siècle
8907:
8130:"Notre Dame cathedral first to use iron reinforcements in 12th century"
8109:"Notre Dame's Fire Reveals a Major Surprise Hidden in Its Architecture"
7925:"A la recherche des chênes pour reconstruire la flêche de Notre-Dame".
4959:
4661:
3440:
3428:
3405:
3381:
3168:
3151:
Additional scenes in the corners around the rose window include Jesus'
2980:
2796:, patron saints of Paris. They were placed there in 1935 by Archbishop
2518:
2331:
2245:
2237:
2213:
2209:
2182:
1800:
1611:
1519:
1312:
1304:
1211:
1044:
835:
795:
728:
667:
413:
10619:
Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Abbey of St Michael of Frigolet
9953:
9607:
9563:
8356:
Dictionnaire Raisonné de l'architecture Française du XIe au XVI siecle
8155:
7313:"France's AXA provided insurance cover for two Notre-Dame contractors"
6349:
Breaking the Jump: The Secret Story of Parkour's High Flying Rebellion
5437:
4314:
The position of titular organist ("head" or "chief" organist; French:
2001:, who had distinguished themselves with the restoration of the nearby
1937:, on 2 December 1804 at Notre-Dame, as portrayed in the 1807 painting
11978:
11963:
10858:
8959:
8792:(Online video) (in French and English). AFP News Agency. 25 June 2019
6672:
6593:
5120:
Close look of the details on the Tympanum of the Last Judgment (2016)
4920:
3210:
2715:
2545:
2523:
2268:
2241:
1871:
1784:
1607:
1539:
1398:
1370:
896:
651:
627:
182:
137:
7496:"Years? Decades? Uncertainty over time needed to rebuild Notre-Dame"
7002:"Part of Notre-Dame Spire Collapses as Paris Cathedral Catches Fire"
4947:
3144:
subjects. The third circle has some medallions with scenes from the
1287:
Cross-section of the double supporting arches and buttresses of the
13578:
12585:
11033:
10705:
9036:
The fasti; Tristia; Pontic epistles; Ibis; and, Halieuticon of Ovid
7404:
7367:"No Christmas Mass at Notre-Dame for the first time since Napoleon"
7168:"Paris firefighters got on Notre-Dame site in less than 10 minutes"
5981:"Notre-Dame de Paris, joyau de l'art gothique, célèbre ses 850 ans"
5729:
5617:
5615:
5175:
4698:
3412:; in 1924, an electric blower was installed, which was financed by
3046:. They were replaced with figures in the Gothic style, designed by
2991:
2913:
2588:
cathedral was first under construction; inside were fragments of a
2566:
1979:
1910:
1787:. The choir was redesigned to make room for more lavish ceremonies.
1703:
1555:
1523:
1378:
oversaw the completion of the transepts, and continued work on the
1341:
1163:
Construction sequence from 12th century to present-day, created by
1133:
992:
912:
814:, dedicated to Saint Stephen, built just west of present cathedral.
756:
624:
450:
154:
9406:
9043:
8090:"700-Year-Old Sarcophagus Discovered Beneath Notre-Dame Cathedral"
7941:"Two Years Later, Here's the Latest With Notre-Dame's Restoration"
6107:
2505:
service inside the cathedral. Music was provided by the violinist
1631:
was added in 1625 to provide nearby Parisians with running water.
1417:, with a highly influential statue of the Virgin and Child in the
56:
South façade and the nave of Notre-Dame in 2017, two years before
12507:
10516:
Basilica of the Holy Saviour and Our Lady of Miracles and Virtues
7833:"Vénération de la Sainte Couronne d'épines à Notre-Dame de Paris"
7065:"Roof burns at Paris' Notre Dame Cathedral as massive fire rages"
6313:
5070:
Memorial tablet to the British Empire dead of the First World War
4690:
3027:
2944:
2803:
2163:
in a daring helicopter mission, the first of its kind in France.
1780:
1628:
1145:
839:
783:
396:
227:
Crown of Thorns, a nail from the Cross, and a sliver of the Cross
10298:
Basilica of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception (Upper Church)
6798:"Notre-Dame cathedral: Macron pledges reconstruction after fire"
5908:"Historian uses lasers to unlock mysteries of Gothic cathedrals"
5612:
3108:
The stained glass windows of Notre-Dame, particularly the three
1183:
stood on the site of Notre-Dame. Evidence for this includes the
30:
This article is about the French cathedral. For other uses, see
13533:
Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Vladimir the Great of Paris
11354:
10008:
9998:
8816:
7881:
7859:
6088:
5101:
3234:
For the Archeological Crypt located outside of Notre-Dame, see
3039:, the Christian belief that Christianity has replaced Judaism.
2190:
1691:
1200:
743:
8789:
Watchmaker finds model to replace Notre-Dame's destroyed clock
8520:"Notre-Dame: Les vitraux des rosaces ont survécu à l'incendie"
7470:"The Latest: French leader vows to rebuild damaged Notre Dame"
6449:"Francois Mitterrand Dies at 79; Champion of a Unified Europe"
5874:
5872:
5189:
10155:
athedral Basilica of Our Lady of Grace and the Holy Sepulchre
7772:"Builders back at Paris's Notre-Dame after COVID-19 shutdown"
6609:"Nicolas Sarkozy assistera aux obsèques du cardinal Lustiger"
5845:
5317:
3248:
2275:
1277:
1196:
1115:– Expected reopening of the Cathedral to occur on 8 December.
739:
352:
333:
110:
9499:
8884:(December 1987). "The Construction of Notre-Dame in Paris".
8401:
8399:
6776:"Massive fire engulfs beloved Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris"
6421:"Prayer of St. John Paul II at Notre Dame from May 30, 1980"
6125:
5676:
5240:
List of tallest buildings and structures in the Paris region
3140:. The third and fourth circles also have some depictions of
2866:
The serpent tempts Adam and Eve; on the Portal of the Virgin
2288:
On 10 February 2017, French police arrested four persons in
1610:
damaged some of the statues of Notre-Dame, considering them
9429:. Association pour la publication d'une histoire de Paris.
8762:"Replica clock find sparks hope for Notre-Dame restoration"
6723:"Notre Dame Cathedral Is Crumbling. Who Will Help Save It?"
5869:
5798:
4634:
3015:
2570:
2393:
The flèche aflame during the 2019 fire, before its collapse
2233:
1515:
1389:
Arrows show forces in vault and current flying buttresses (
1379:
1288:
905:– Chapels constructed between buttresses of nave and choir.
858:
769:
738:
The cathedral is a widely recognized symbol of the city of
685:, construction of the cathedral began in 1163 under Bishop
321:
13672:
Roman Catholic churches in the 4th arrondissement of Paris
8580:"Tombes et sepultures dans les cimetieres et autrex lieux"
6910:"After Louvre attack, France foils another terrorist plot"
2364:
Eight members of the cathedral choir, a number limited by
1033:
with additions in the spirit of the original Gothic style.
670:
decoration. Notre-Dame also stands out for its three pipe
196:
24 March 1163 to 25 April 1163 (laying of the cornerstone)
13528:
Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of Paris
9166:
Chronique de Robert de Torigni, abbé du Mont-Saint-Michel
8396:
6247:
3067:
The earliest rose window, on the west façade (about 1225)
3007:
3003:
2687:
The gallery of chimeras pictured in 1910 by Georges Redon
2344:
1734:. His accession to the throne was in accordance with the
1641:. The subject matter was restricted to episodes from the
1206:
The last church before the cathedral of Notre-Dame was a
9006:
Notre-Dame: a short history of the meaning of cathedrals
6161:
6131:
5592:
1783:
in the choir of Notre-Dame in 1669, during the reign of
8478:"The South Rose – official site of Notre Dame de Paris"
7523:"France announces contest to redesign Notre Dame spire"
7096:
6851:"Un historien d'extrême droite se suicide à Notre-Dame"
5930:
5576:
5574:
5572:
4802:
3901:
Hautbois Récit 8 (above stops: f-g3, outside swell box)
13642:
14th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in France
13632:
12th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in France
7092:
7090:
5884:
5810:
5459:
5148:
spot on the ground in front of Notre-Dame (since 1924)
4762:
The four 19th-century bells which were retired in 2012
3326:. Pictured left to right are the tombs of Archbishops
2281:
French police arrested two people on 8 September 2016
1862:
made quasi-Gothic modifications to Notre-Dame for the
1019:, making it the first minor basilica outside of Italy.
9153:
Revue d'archéologie moderne et d'archéologie générale
9151:
Cabezas, Hervé (1988). "Du "vitrail archéologique"".
8812:"À qui appartient la cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris?"
7192:
6309:"SYND 19-1-69 VIET CONG FLAG REMOVED FROM NOTRE DAME"
6244:, (2015), Éditions Ouest-France, (in French), pg. 18.
6151:"Visiting Notre Dame Cathedral – Find Cheap Holidays"
5857:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5019:
Notre-Dame's high altar with the kneeling statues of
4774:
Nine new bells exhibited in the nave in February 2013
3103:
North rose window including lower 18 vertical windows
2295:
a man with a hammer attacked a police officer outside
2216:. The west face was cleaned and restored in time for
919:
to provide more light. North rose window constructed.
705:
took place at the cathedral. The 1831 publication of
10372:
Basilica of Our Lady of Aiguebelle, Aiguebelle Abbey
9259:
8472:
8470:
8468:
8466:
7281:"Macron says he wants Notre-Dame rebuilt in 5 years"
7193:
Garcia-Navarro, Lulu; Wharton, Ned (21 April 2019).
6992:
6970:"Notre Dame, Paris: Hundreds put in terror lockdown"
6880:
Hinnnant, Lori; Sotto, Philippe (7 September 2017).
6535:"Paris pigeons to get shock treatment at Notre Dame"
6113:
5569:
5157:
4786:
The second bourdon Marie mounted in the south belfry
2605:
Ongoing stabilization of Notre-Dame in February 2020
10614:
Cathedral Basilica of St Gervasius and St Protasius
9127:
Music and ceremony at Notre Dame of Paris, 500–1550
8986:. New York City: American Heritage Publishing, 1968
7087:
6824:"Paris's Notre Dame cathedral celebrates 850 years"
4821:, donated a mechanical clock to the cathedral. The
3031:each side of the west façade, there are statues of
1299:The first phase began with the construction of the
646:. Several attributes set it apart from the earlier
13523:Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Sainte-Croix-de-Paris
9576:Official website of Friends of Notre-Dame de Paris
9096:
7288:
6480:"To Notre Dame's Rescue, Sickly Gargoyles and All"
5502:
4853:the 1905 law on the separation of Church and State
4798:Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris § Striking clock
3404:In 1904, Charles Mutin modified and added several
1870:within the cathedral. The building's exterior was
1359:, in the cathedral during the construction of the
10610:Basilica of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception
10418:Cathedral Basilica of St Cyriacus and St Julietta
9279:La peinture à Paris sous le règne de François Ier
8463:
6402:"Sneaky Juggler Has Ball Up in Sky at Notre Dame"
4606:Thibault Fajoles (assistant organist, since 2024)
2854:, holding his head, over the Portal of the Virgin
1808:
1144:was located to the west, at the level of today's
935:– Beginning of major redecoration of interior in
772:sermons, a tradition founded in the 1830s by the
13608:
10519:Basilica of St Albinus and Our Lady of Good News
9603:Tridentine Mass celebrated in Notre-Dame in 2017
9533:
7131:Bennhold, Katrin; Glanz, James (19 April 2019).
6201:
5454:
4988:A wide angle view of Notre-Dame's western façade
4934:A wide angle view of Notre-Dame's western façade
2641:Southwest corner of Notre-Dame in September 2023
2438:
13697:Monuments of the Centre des monuments nationaux
10751:
10572:Basilica of St Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort
9057:Notre Dame Cathedral: Nine Centuries of History
8731:Notre Dame Cathedral: Nine Centuries of History
8257:"What are the Symbols of the Four Evangelists?"
7124:
4839:specifications as the one which was destroyed.
3053:
2788:in the cathedral treasury, and relics of Saint
2152:In 1963, on the initiative of culture minister
746:. In 1805, it was awarded honorary status as a
10509:Basilica of St Remigius (Abbey of St Remigius)
9457:
9426:Solennités, fêtes et réjouissances parisiennes
8350:
8348:
7034:"Fire reported at Paris' Notre Dame cathedral"
6668:"New Notre Dame bells make harmonious history"
5975:
5973:
5851:
5828:
2271:and white nationalist, placed a letter on the
1295:as they would have appeared from 1220 to 1230.
925:– South transept and rose window completed by
642:, is considered one of the finest examples of
12765:
12751:
11049:
10945:Salle des Traditions de la Garde Républicaine
10737:
10671:Basilica of St Mary Magdalene (Vézelay Abbey)
10423:Cathedral Basilica of St Mary and St Reparata
9969:
9623:
9581:Official site of Music at Notre-Dame de Paris
9419:
9403:Florilège de Notre-Dame de Paris (anthologie)
9269:Projet de restauration de Notre-Dame de Paris
9146:. Caen: F. Le Blanc-Hardel. pp. 111–113.
9050:
8728:
7130:
6879:
6566:"Notre Dame's Organ and Computer Are No Duet"
6007:"Facts on the Notre Dame Cathedral in France"
5804:
5480:"Facts on the Notre Dame Cathedral in France"
3393:. During the restoration of the cathedral by
3208:, are without human figures and use abstract
2080:and Eugène Viollet-le-Duc; plate engraved by
1964:, who admired the cathedral, wrote the novel
1753:; illustration depicting Notre-Dame from the
1338:in 1185 from the still-incomplete cathedral.
1047:attempt unsuccessfully to burn the cathedral.
11395:Musée de Cluny – Musée national du Moyen Âge
10431:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady and St Castor
10361:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady and St Privat
10107:Cathedral Basilica of St John the Evangelist
10065:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady and St Vedast
9443:Trintignac, Andre and Coloni, Marie-Jeanne,
8513:
8511:
8317:"Notre Dame weathervane comes home to roost"
8255:Saunders, Father William (18 October 2019).
7761:Radio France International, 10 October 2019.
7554:
5690:
5688:
5639:
5593:Chelles, Jean de; DigitalGeorgetown (1981).
3319:Burial vault under the choir of Notre-Dame,
2767:earlier periods of the cathedral's history.
2232:Notre-Dame in May 2012. From top to bottom,
2049:hospital, filled with hundreds of patients.
1671:in 1707, was also located in the cathedral.
1522:to the right. The annex to the south is the
9378:Les Styles de l'architecture et du mobilier
8647:
8645:
8643:
8345:
6639:
6473:
6471:
5970:
5543:
2497:On 10 April 2020, the archbishop of Paris,
1951:
240:Closed/Under renovation after the 2019 fire
12758:
12744:
11475:Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
11056:
11042:
10744:
10730:
10377:Cathedral Basilica of St Peter and St Paul
10339:Basilica of St Victor (Abbey of St Victor)
10308:Basilica of St Pius X (Underground Church)
10176:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Chartres
10083:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of the Doms
9976:
9962:
9630:
9616:
9376:Renault, Christophe and Lazé, Christophe,
9320:(in French). Éditions Jean-Paul Gisserot.
9094:
8555:Carte archéologique de la Gaule: 75, Paris
7689:
7622:
7250:"Notre Dame Cathedral Fire, Paris, France"
6940:"Paris: Inside Notre-Dame during lockdown"
6617:(in French). 9 August 2007. Archived from
5890:
5718:
5716:
5659:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3488:C–f(keys go to g1, but f#1 and g1 silent)
2759:from directly in front of the church. The
1311:, the choir was completed in 1177 and the
1171:It is believed that before the arrival of
1099:destroys a large part of the roof and the
638:, France. The cathedral, dedicated to the
50:
27:Cathedral in Paris, France built 1163–1345
13682:Burned buildings and structures in France
12980:Diocese of Grenoble–Vienne-les-Allobroges
10482:Cathedral Basilica of St John the Baptist
10312:Basilica of St Martin of the Sacred Heart
10168:Cathedral Basilica of St Francis de Sales
10090:Basilica of St Gervasius and St Protasius
9296:
9210:
8880:
8508:
8276:
8191:
8181:
8127:
7853:
7755:
7337:
6143:
6137:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5901:
5899:
5878:
5784:
5782:
5685:
4884:Notre-Dame at the end of the 19th century
4810:The first clocks used at Notre-Dame were
3408:upon the suggestions of titular organist
3010:, which was said to eat human flesh. The
2962:, statues on each side of the west façade
2810:List of sculptures in Notre-Dame de Paris
2646:
2534:
2421:and two other cells of vaulting collapsed
1854:, who restored the cathedral's interior.
1011:– The cathedral is conceded the honor of
1001:– On 2 December, Napoleon crowns himself
650:, particularly its pioneering use of the
357:1 (the third, completed 16 December 2023)
10274:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Le Puy
10238:Basilica of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart
9224:
8640:
8517:
8282:
8254:
8245:, H. Laurens, 1920, p. 133. (in French).
8106:
8021:
7695:
7676:
7591:"Notre Dame Should Be Rebuilt As It Was"
7588:
7165:
7062:
6468:
5725:"Les dix secrets de Notre-Dame de Paris"
5595:"Notre Dame Cathedral North Rose Window"
4872:During reconstruction following the fire
4801:
4621:
3371:
2655:
2629:Front view of Notre-Dame in January 2023
2442:
2343:working on the site. The French insurer
2227:
2141:the Germans; it was attended by General
2131:
1653:building by the 19th-century restorers.
1384:
1282:
1151:
1123:
1067:– On 26 April, the Archbishop of Paris,
12476:Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial
10454:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Paris
10444:Basilica of Our Lady, Mont Sainte-Odile
10402:Basilica of St Donatius and St Rogatius
9983:
9637:
9564:Official website of Notre-Dame de Paris
9535:"Monument historique – PA00086250"
9474:Cathédales Cothiques – un Défi Médiéval
9471:
9275:
9236:
9163:
9150:
9140:Billon, Jean-Baptiste-Benjamin (1866).
9000:
8921:
8743:
8678:
8405:
8087:
8050:
7843:on 28 October 2021 – via YouTube.
7440:"Notre-Dame cathedral engulfed by fire"
7220:"Notre-Dame cathedral engulfed by fire"
6998:
6907:
6848:
6695:Breeden, Aurelien (28 September 2017).
6694:
6590:
6563:
6446:
6274:
6253:
6167:
5948:
5906:Shea, Rachel Hartigan (16 April 2019).
5863:
5816:
5713:
3243:Category:Burials at Notre-Dame de Paris
3050:, during the 19th-century restoration.
2565:that was found 65 feet below where the
1893:is celebrated at Notre-Dame during the
1199:by marble columns, then decorated with
634:(an island in the River Seine), in the
14:
13609:
10473:Basilica of Our Lady of Perpetual Help
10427:Basilica of Our Lady of the Assumption
10407:Old Cathedral of St Just and St Pastor
10294:Basilica of Our Lady of the Good Guard
10017:Cathedral Basilica of the Holy Saviour
9390:
9365:
9353:
9337:Architecture des Cathédrales Gothiques
9334:
9191:
9139:
9077:The Polish–Lithuanian State, 1386–1795
8943:
8729:Sandron, Dany; Tallon, Andrew (2020).
8552:
8370:
8232:"The Art Newspaper", 22 November 2022.
8128:Ouellette, Jennifer (5 January 2024).
7649:
7520:
7278:
6882:"Gas Containers Found Near Notre Dame"
6507:"Notre Dame Church Will Get Face Lift"
6504:
6477:
6242:Architecture des Cathédrales Gothiques
6208:Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France
5993:
5936:
5896:
5788:
5779:
5757:"Paris à l'époque de Philippe Auguste"
5722:
5465:
5407:"Musique Sacrée à Notre-Dame de Paris"
5379:
5354:
3360:Puisse mon sang être le dernier versé!
3236:Parvis Notre-Dame – Place Jean-Paul-II
1913:at the east end of Notre-Dame for his
107:Parvis Notre-Dame – Place Jean-Paul-II
12846:Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar and Oloron
12739:
11385:Musée national des Monuments Français
11305:Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme
11037:
10874:Marché aux fleurs, Place Louis Lépine
10725:
10654:Basilica of Our Lady of the Holy Cord
10650:Cathedral Basilica of St Apollinarius
10543:Basilica of St Benedict, Fleury Abbey
10459:Basilica of St Clotilde and St Valery
10303:Basilica of the Rosary (Lower Church)
10160:Basilica of St Nazarius and St Celsus
10112:Basilica of SS Ferreolus and Ferrutio
10073:Cathedral Basilica of St Mary of Auch
9957:
9611:
9315:
9299:Histoire de la Commune de 1871 (1876)
9073:
9033:
7807:"The Notre Dame Fire: One Year Later"
7696:Bandarin, Francesco (2 August 2019).
7623:Collective, Tribune (29 April 2019).
7589:Bandarin, Francesco (30 April 2019).
7555:Otero-Pailos, Jorge (19 April 2019).
7056:
7025:
6640:de la Baume, Maia (19 October 2011).
6345:
5580:
5557:from the original on 8 September 2018
3229:
3171:are at the bottom of the window, and
2463:existing heritage laws and procedures
1986:ordered that the church be restored.
824:begins construction of new cathedral.
599:
13498:Diocese of Saint-Denis de La Réunion
12715:List of tourist attractions in Paris
11390:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
11063:
10869:Maison européenne de la photographie
10539:Basilica of Our Lady of Good Succour
10439:Cathedral Basilica of the Holy Cross
10365:Basilica of St Michael the Archangel
10247:Basilica of Our Lady of Good Succour
10180:Basilica of Our Lady of the Children
10126:Basilica of Our Lady of Good Succour
10119:Basilica of Our Lady of Bon-Encontre
10097:Cathedral Basilica of St Christopher
9885:The Quai Saint-Michel and Notre-Dame
9492:
9447:, Les Editions du Cerf, Paris, 1984
9339:(in French). Éditions Ouest-France.
9172:
8984:The Horizon Book of Great Cathedrals
8617:
8384:. VI. 131–, Riley (1851), p. 216, tr
7723:
7338:Diebelius, Georgia (15 April 2019).
6748:
6720:
6642:"A Melodic Emblem Falls Out of Tune"
6447:Whitney, Craig R. (9 January 1996).
6418:
5905:
5630:Trintignac and Coloni (1984), p. 60.
5621:Trintignac and Coloni (1984), p. 45.
5215:List of tourist attractions in Paris
3002:or stryge, a creature resembling an
2916:were the rainspouts of the cathedral
2881:and Satan weighing souls during the
2804:Iconography–the "poor people's book"
1583:
973:– The cathedral is converted into a
32:Notre-Dame de Paris (disambiguation)
13652:Roman Catholic cathedrals in France
11280:Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie
10627:Basilica of Our Lady of the Daurade
10505:Basilica of Our Lady of Deliverance
10334:Cathedral Basilica of St Mary Major
10244:Basilica of Our Lady of Thierenbach
10206:Basilica of Our Lady of Deliverance
10116:Basilica of Our Lady of the Trinity
9648:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris
9593:Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral Fire
9297:Lissagaray, Prosper-Olivier (200).
9239:A l'aube de l'architecture gothique
8874:
7854:Vincendon, Salomé (10 April 2020).
7472:. Associated Press. 15 April 2019.
6999:Breeden, Aurelien (15 April 2019).
6908:McAuley, James (10 February 2016).
6849:Frémont, Anne-Laure (21 May 2013).
6676:. Associated Press. 2 February 2013
6329:"Vietcong Flag Put Atop Notre Dame"
5767:from the original on 20 August 2018
5380:Libert, Lucien (16 December 2023).
5359:. Barrie and Jenkins. p. 134.
5230:List of Gothic cathedrals in Europe
4482:Jean-Jacques Beauvarlet Charpentier
3782:Bourdon 32 (lowest octave acoustic)
3362:("May my blood be the last shed!").
24:
13159:Diocese of La Rochelle and Saintes
10675:Basilica of Our Lady of the Willow
10525:Basilica of Our Lady of Rocamadour
10381:Basilica of Our Lady of the Tables
10262:Basilica of Our Lady of La Salette
10250:Basilica of Our Lady of Montligeon
9369:L'Église de Paris et la Révolution
9133:
9129:(Cambridge University Press, 2008)
9080:. University of Washington Press.
8927:The Making of the New Spirituality
8484:from the original on 3 August 2018
8451:from the original on 5 August 2018
8297:from the original on 15 April 2019
8283:Buncombe, Andrew (15 April 2019).
7724:Klar, Rebecca (25 December 2019).
7476:from the original on 15 April 2019
7450:from the original on 15 April 2019
7260:from the original on 15 April 2019
7230:from the original on 15 April 2019
7174:from the original on 18 April 2019
7147:from the original on 20 April 2019
7075:from the original on 15 April 2019
7063:El-Bawab, Nadine (15 April 2019).
7044:from the original on 15 April 2019
7031:
7013:from the original on 15 April 2019
6826:. GIE ATOUT FRANCE. Archived from
6564:Whitney, Craig R. (3 April 1995).
6059:
6037:"Fontaines et réservoirs de Paris"
6004:
5966:from the original on 28 July 2017.
5737:from the original on 9 August 2018
5477:
5435:
5417:from the original on 15 April 2019
5235:List of historic churches in Paris
2569:crosses the church's 12th-century
1682:for the choir. At this same time,
1588:On 16 December 1431, the boy-king
1061:with a special Mass at Notre-Dame.
25:
13708:
12471:Mémorial de la France combattante
12186:Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge
11285:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume
10522:Basilica of St Amabilis, Ricomage
10501:Cathedral Basilica of St Corentin
10469:Basilica of Our Lady of Victories
10319:Basilica of Our Lady of Fourvière
10286:Basilica of Our Lady of Marceille
10265:Basilica of Our Lady of Avénières
10259:Basilica of St John Francis Regis
10215:Basilica of Our Lady of the White
10022:Basilica of Our Lady of Brebières
9527:
8842:(in French). Government of France
8577:
8107:Cassella, Carly (19 March 2023).
7742:
6778:. Associated Press. 15 April 2019
6478:Simons, Marlisle (9 April 1992).
5723:Fourny, Marc (12 December 2012).
5599:repository.library.georgetown.edu
5357:A History of Western Architecture
3334:, the funerary urn of Archbishop
3190:, based upon a similar window at
3079:The west rose window (about 1225)
2983:, the mother of the Virgin Mary.
2675:Towers on west façade (1220–1250)
2136:Façade of Notre-Dame in the 1930s
794:, and a sliver and nail from the
174:Replaced the Cathedral of Etienne
13589:
13577:
13108:Diocese of Évry-Corbeil-Essonnes
12390:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
10704:
10685:
10582:Basilica of Our Lady of Miracles
10568:Basilica of Our Lady of the Laus
10548:Cathedral Basilica of St Stephen
10356:Cathedral Basilica of St Stephen
10352:Basilica of Our Lady of Miracles
10349:Basilica of Our Lady of Miracles
10235:Basilica of Our Lady of Paradise
10231:Basilica of Our Lady, Marienthal
10190:Basilica of Our Lady of the Port
10172:Basilica of Our Lady of Mézières
10141:Basilica of Our Lady of Boulogne
10078:Cathedral Basilica of St Lazarus
10027:Cathedral Basilica of St Cecilia
9893:Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi
9225:Gueffier, Claude-Pierre (1763).
8854:
8832:
8804:
8780:
8754:
8737:
8722:
8696:
8672:
8663:
8654:
8611:
8602:
8593:
8571:
8546:
8537:
8518:Guyonnet, Paul (16 April 2019).
8496:
8437:
8411:
8378:"P. Ovidius Naso, Fasti, book 6"
8361:
8358:, Volume 6. (Project Gutenburg).
8309:
8248:
8235:
8226:
8217:
8208:
8149:
8121:
8100:
8088:Solomon, Tessa (17 March 2022).
8081:
8063:
8051:Solomon, Tessa (15 April 2022).
8044:
8015:
7989:
7963:
7933:
7918:
7892:
7866:
7847:
7825:
7799:
7790:
7764:
7736:
7717:
7279:Mallet, Victor (16 April 2019).
7166:Landauro, Inti (17 April 2017).
7038:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
6505:August, Marilyn (7 April 1991).
6202:Limouzin-Lamothe, Roger (1964).
6183:(in French). Foundation Napoleon
6181:"Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris"
6126:Archives parlementaires, Vol. 22
6114:Lassus & Viollet-le-Duc 1843
5327:
5316:The growth of the population of
5188:
5174:
5160:
5137:
5125:
5113:
5094:
5076:
5062:
5047:
5031:
5012:
4993:
4981:
4966:
4939:
4927:
4912:
4889:
4877:
4865:
4779:
4767:
4755:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4707:
4008:(pulls out stops with asterisks)
3343:
3312:
3300:
3285:
3096:
3084:
3072:
3060:
2990:or monsters. These included the
2952:
2936:
2921:
2906:
2890:
2871:
2859:
2843:
2825:
2749:, with the features of restorer
2738:
2723:
2707:
2692:
2680:
2668:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2598:
2426:
2410:
2398:
2386:
2374:
2115:
2103:
2088:
2069:
2054:
1926:
1902:
1883:
1860:Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine
1803:. The fountain is in the square.
1792:
1772:
1743:
1716:
1567:
1547:
1531:
1503:
1481:Treatise on the Praises of Paris
1071:, crowns the venerated image of
877:– Construction of towers begins.
701:and the funerals of many of the
693:, Notre-Dame suffered extensive
616:"), often referred to simply as
480:(assistant organist, since 2024)
11375:Musée national Eugène Delacroix
10678:Basilica of Our Lady of the Oak
10623:Basilica of St Francis de Sales
10596:Basilica of Our Lady of Victory
10536:Basilica of Sainte-Anne-d'Auray
10497:Basilica of Our Lady of Buglose
10435:Basilica of Our Lady of Orcival
10395:Basilica of Our Lady of Lourdes
10241:Basilica of Our Lady of Roncier
10183:Basilica of St John the Baptist
10150:Basilica of Our Lady of Ceignac
10031:Basilica of Our Lady of Alençon
8768:. AFP News Agency. 26 June 2019
8367:Renault and Lazé (2006), p. 35.
8329:. 18 April 2019. Archived from
8022:Willsher, Kim (14 April 2022).
7884:. 10 April 2020. Archived from
7839:. 10 April 2020. Archived from
7670:
7643:
7616:
7582:
7548:
7514:
7488:
7462:
7432:
7420:
7392:
7359:
7331:
7305:
7272:
7242:
7212:
7186:
7159:
6962:
6932:
6901:
6873:
6842:
6816:
6790:
6768:
6742:
6721:Walt, Vivienne (27 July 2017).
6714:
6688:
6660:
6633:
6601:
6584:
6557:
6527:
6498:
6440:
6412:
6394:
6366:
6352:. Aurum Press. pp. 90–91.
6339:
6321:
6301:
6268:
6259:
6234:
6195:
6173:
6077:
6029:
5942:
5822:
5749:
5667:
5633:
5624:
5586:
5525:"Historique de la construction"
5436:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
5322:Renaissance of the 12th century
5310:
4973:A 2010 view of Notre-Dame from
2223:
2127:
2076:Proposed doorway decoration by
1993:, was dismissed. In his stead,
1726:'s coronation in Notre-Dame as
1346:relics of the passion of Christ
1240:
674:(one historic) and its immense
13692:Monuments historiques of Paris
13503:Military Ordinariate of France
13067:Diocese of Carcassone-Narbonne
13016:Archdiocese of Aix-en-Provence
12795:Diocese of Belfort–Montbéliard
11894:Place des Émeutes-de-Stonewall
10955:Rosiers–Joseph Migneret Garden
10666:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady
10658:Cathedral Basilica of St Peter
10606:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady
10556:Cathedral Basilica of St Peter
10529:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady
10494:Basilica of Our Lady of Prayer
10487:Cathedral Basilica of St Peter
10477:Cathedral Basilica of St Front
10385:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady
10324:Basilica of St Martin of Ainay
10282:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady
10278:Basilica of Our Lady of Liesse
10102:Basilica of Our Lady of Sewing
10093:Basilica of Our Lady of Beaune
10087:Basilica of Our Lady of Avioth
10035:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady
9909:The Notre Dame de Paris Mosque
9301:. Paris: La Decouverte/Poche.
9220:(1 ed.). Guyot et Scribe.
9164:Delisle, Léopold, ed. (1873).
8993:. 3rd Edition. New York City:
8900:10.1080/00043079.1987.10788458
8744:Gilbert, Antoine P.M. (1821).
7929:(in French). 16 February 2021.
7677:Marshall, Alex (10 May 2019).
5989:(in French). 12 December 2012.
5640:Chow Hoi-Yan, Gabriel (2003).
5471:
5448:
5429:
5399:
5373:
5348:
5295:, including the cathedrals of
5277:
5255:Roman Catholic Marian churches
5220:Gothic cathedrals and churches
5003:, 14th century. The Statue of
3367:
3091:North rose window (about 1250)
2509:; the lectors were the actors
1874:and the interior decorated in
1809:French Revolution and Napoleon
1510:Plan of the cathedral made by
1495:Tractatus de laudibus Parisius
1315:consecrated on 19 May 1182 by
777:Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire
550:Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris
18:Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris
13:
1:
13677:Burial sites of the Pippinids
13657:Gothic architecture in France
13415:Archdiocese of Fort-de-France
12776:Bishops' Conference of France
12518:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
12488:Musée de l'air et de l'espace
11430:Palais de la Légion d'Honneur
11380:Musée national Gustave Moreau
10329:Basilica of Our Lady of Guard
10269:Basilica of Our Lady of Épine
10212:Basilica of Our Lady of Épine
10194:Basilica of Our Lady of Cléry
10039:Basilica of St Mary Magdalene
9445:Decouvrir Notre-Dame de Paris
8868:
7856:"Vendredi saint à Notre-Dame"
7650:Rescan, Manon (11 May 2019).
7521:Henley, Jon (17 April 2019).
7416:– via Associated Press.
6279:(in French). Librairie Droz.
5954:"The Coronations of Henry VI"
5793:(in French), Radio Notre-Dame
5682:"Le Figaro", 29 November 2023
5260:Notre Dame de Roscudon Church
5250:Notre-Dame du Calvaire, Paris
4643:armistice of 11 November 1918
4633:Notre-Dame currently has ten
4391:
4316:titulaires des grandes orgues
3526:Cymbale harmonique II-V 2 2/3
3338:, and two unidentified tombs.
3320:
2885:(central portal, west façade)
2838:central portal of west façade
2439:Stabilization of the building
2252:The Requiem Mass of Cardinal
1762:
1562:safely within the buttresses.
1140:of the current building. The
881:
869:
850:
658:, its enormous and colourful
13662:Gothic architecture in Paris
13467:Diocese of Wallis and Futuna
13363:Diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes
12546:Bastille Day military parade
12044:Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré
11510:Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle
11435:Musée de la Légion d'honneur
11370:Musée National d'Art Moderne
11310:Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris
11086:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
10602:Basilica of Our Lady of Zion
10552:Basilica of Our Lady of Hope
10533:Basilica of the Sacred Heart
10464:Basilica of the Sacred Heart
10449:Basilica of the Sacred Heart
10392:Basilica of the Sacred Heart
10346:Basilica of St Peter Fourier
10343:Basilica of the Sacred Heart
10253:Basilica of Our Lady of Pity
10227:Basilica of Our Lady of Help
10224:Basilica of the Sacred Heart
10200:Basilica of Our Lady of Dole
10197:Basilica of the Holy Saviour
10186:Basilica of the Holy Trinity
9689:Musée de Notre Dame de Paris
9318:Dictionnaire des Cathédrales
9276:Leproux, Guy-Michel (2001).
8183:10.1371/journal.pone.0280945
6749:Sage, Adam (10 March 2018).
5962:. Vol. 32, no. 5.
5442:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
5340:
5270:
5245:Musée de Notre Dame de Paris
5204:Archbishop's Palace of Paris
4842:
4618:Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris
4309:
3523:Fourniture harmonique II-V 4
3054:Stained glass – rose windows
2662:Spire of Notre-Dame de Paris
2417:The area directly under the
2300:
2078:Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Lassus
1663:An altarpiece depicting the
1596:being under French control.
1216:Church of Saint-John-le-Rond
801:
703:French Republic's presidents
7:
11565:Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais
10933:Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais
10753:4th arrondissement of Paris
10491:Basilica of Our Lady of Joy
9865:The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
9243:University of Franche-Comté
9099:Gothic Sculpture, 1140–1300
7975:www.leboisinternational.com
7796:LCI News, 20 December 2019.
6857:(in French). Archived from
6419:Gohn, Pat (15 April 2019).
6043:(in French). Archived from
5527:(in French). Archived from
5438:"Paris, Banks of the Seine"
5153:
2814:The Gothic cathedral was a
2753:, at the base of the flèche
2555:
2433:In red, the destroyed parts
1971:The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
1751:La Descente du Saint-Esprit
979:Temple of the Supreme Being
716:The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
636:4th arrondissement of Paris
10:
13713:
13647:Basilica churches in Paris
13637:Churches completed in 1345
13554:Apostolic Nuncio to France
13062:Archdiocese of Montpellier
12872:Diocese of Le Puy-en-Velay
12262:Porte de La Chapelle Arena
11585:Saint-Pierre de Montmartre
11460:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
11442:Musée de la Vie romantique
10923:Quai des Célestins (Paris)
10203:Basilica of St Joan of Arc
10042:Basilica of the Visitation
9857:Liberty Leading the People
9849:The Coronation of Napoleon
9391:Teulet, Alexandre (1862).
9194:Caractéristique des Styles
9173:Doré, Joseph, ed. (2012).
8820:(in French). 16 April 2019
6346:Angel, Julie (July 2016).
6265:Lissagaray (1896), p. 338.
5291:", was frequently used in
5225:List of destroyed heritage
5007:inside Notre-Dame de Paris
4950:showing the Portal of the
4858:
4795:
4615:
4414:Guillaume-Antoine Calvière
3867:Grande Fourniture II 2 2/3
3668:Bourdon céleste 8 (from c)
3240:
3233:
2807:
2659:
2304:
1940:The Coronation of Napoleon
1755:Hours of Étienne Chevalier
1462:in the cathedral in 1302.
1436:, Jean le Bouteiller, and
1189:Cathedral of Saint Étienne
1142:Cathedral of Saint Étienne
1119:
812:Cathedral of Saint Étienne
754:, Notre-Dame contains the
750:. As the cathedral of the
644:French Gothic architecture
601:[nɔtʁ(ə)damdəpaʁi]
495:UNESCO World Heritage Site
29:
13572:
13559:France–Holy See relations
13541:
13511:
13488:Archdiocese of Strasbourg
13480:
13454:
13433:
13407:
13371:
13320:
13279:
13223:
13177:
13141:
13090:
13082:Diocese of Perpignan–Elne
13054:
13003:
12952:
12926:
12890:
12859:
12823:
12782:
12773:
12767:Catholic Church in France
12707:
12594:
12536:
12350:
12305:
12277:Stade Pierre de Coubertin
12224:
12127:
11772:Boulevard de la Madeleine
11745:
11633:
11560:Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois
11450:
11300:Musée des Arts et Métiers
11295:Musée des Arts décoratifs
11244:
11071:
11014:
10963:
10834:Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal
10824:Bazar de l'Hôtel de Ville
10816:
10794:
10776:
10759:
10694:
10683:
10164:Basilica of St Maxellende
10007:
9989:
9935:
9838:
9780:
9757:Relics of Sainte-Chapelle
9739:
9713:
9654:
9645:
9476:. Éditions Ouest-France.
9421:de Villefosse, René Héron
9237:Henriet, Jacques (2005).
9103:. Yale University Press.
9095:Williamson, Paul (1995).
8423:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
4501:François Lacodre dit Blin
4426:Charles-Alexandre Jollage
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3199:French Revolution of 1830
1968:(published in English as
1956:In the decades after the
1823:Cult of the Supreme Being
1696:Louis Antoine de Noailles
1401:style; in the late 1240s
723:. On 26 August 1944, the
586:
582:
578:
570:
562:
554:
546:
537:
533:
525:
521:Paris, Banks of the Seine
517:
509:
501:
492:
488:
484:
449:
439:
434:
424:
412:
407:
395:
390:
379:
369:
361:
350:
342:
331:
320:
312:
304:
299:
291:
274:
266:
254:
244:
236:
231:
220:
210:
200:
192:
178:
170:
165:
149:
136:
124:
116:
102:
68:
64:
49:
44:
13036:Diocese of Fréjus–Toulon
13011:Archdiocese of Marseille
12985:Diocese of Saint-Étienne
12493:Musée Fragonard d'Alfort
12454:Walt Disney Studios Park
12375:Château de Fontainebleau
12287:Stade Sébastien Charléty
12242:Halle Georges Carpentier
12216:Coulée verte René-Dumont
12191:Parc des Buttes Chaumont
12034:Rue des Francs-Bourgeois
11575:Saint-Jean de Montmartre
11520:Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
11325:Musée de la Cinémathèque
11290:Louis Vuitton Foundation
10565:Basilica of St Eutropius
10131:Basilica of St Severinus
10060:Basilica of St Trophimus
9677:Coronation of Napoleon I
9472:Wenzler, Claude (2018).
9397:. Vol. 1. Renouard.
9335:Mignon, Olivier (2015).
9212:Duvergier, Jean-Baptiste
9034:Riley, Henry T. (1851).
8710:(in French). p. 193
8608:Follett 2019, pp. 24–25.
8578:Pénin, Marie Christine.
8354:Viollet-le-Duc, Eugéne,
7977:(in French). 7 June 2022
7906:(in French). 8 June 2020
6275:Laurent, Xavier (2003).
6041:400ansaqueducmedicis.org
5265:
5108:in Notre-Dame's interior
4791:
4660:The bells are made with
4611:
3124:, known as Saint Louis.
3035:. The statues represent
2467:French National Assembly
1952:19th-century restoration
1839:non-religious purposes.
1709:Jacques-Germain Soufflot
1220:Jacques-Germain Soufflot
1069:Emmanuel Célestin Suhard
1053:– On 26 August, General
308:128 m (420 ft)
216:19 May 1182 (high altar)
13481:Directly under Holy See
13328:Archdiocese of Toulouse
13266:Diocese of Saint-Brieuc
13149:Archdiocese of Poitiers
13055:Province of Montpellier
12965:Archdiocese of Chambéry
12867:Archdiocese of Clermont
12841:Diocese of Aire and Dax
12831:Archdiocese of Bordeaux
12805:Diocese of Saint-Claude
12790:Archdiocese of Besançon
12360:Basilica of Saint-Denis
12171:Parc Clichy-Batignolles
11777:Boulevard de Sébastopol
10906:Polish Library in Paris
10839:Centre Georges Pompidou
10632:Basilica of St Saturnin
10587:Old Cathedral of St Pol
10577:Basilica of St Nicholas
10513:Basilica of St Clotilde
10398:Basilica of St Nicholas
10136:Basilica of St. Michael
9549:Ministère de la Culture
9502:Archives parlementaires
9316:Lours, Mathieu (2018).
9192:Ducher, Robert (1988).
8660:Doré 2012, pp. 200–208.
8553:Busson, Didier (1998).
7811:The Wall Street Journal
6406:Ogden-Standard Examiner
6085:"L'Adoration des mages"
5839:10.1126/science.abb6744
5484:Travel Tips - USA Today
4651:fall of the Berlin Wall
4420:René Drouart de Bousset
3671:Voix céleste 8 (from c)
3561:Cornet Recit V (from c)
3391:François-Henri Clicquot
3389:, and later rebuilt by
2730:The flèche from above,
2218:millennium celebrations
2189:celebrated Mass on the
2027:Adolphe Napoléon Didron
1991:Étienne-Hippolyte Godde
1978:plundered Notre-Dame's
1852:Jean-Baptiste de Belloy
1730:, aged ten, during the
1656:Today, thirteen of the
1320:Henri de Château-Marçay
1039:– In final days of the
1025:– Major restoration by
842:, lower level of small
365:96 m (315 ft)
346:69 m (226 ft)
327:35 metres (115 ft)
316:48 m (157 ft)
39:Church in Paris, France
13687:Ruins in Île-de-France
13584:Catholicism portal
13441:Archdiocese of Papeete
13420:Diocese of Basse-Terre
13408:Province of Martinique
13384:Archdiocese of Bourges
13128:Diocese of Saint-Denis
13021:Archdiocese of Avignon
12939:Archdiocese of Cambrai
12882:Diocese of Saint-Flour
12437:Paris La Défense Arena
12385:Château de Rambouillet
12328:Père Lachaise Cemetery
12292:Vélodrome de Vincennes
12142:Jardin d'Acclimatation
12109:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
11889:Place de la République
11580:Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis
11555:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
11350:Musée Jacquemart-André
11265:Bibliothèque nationale
10911:Adam Mickiewicz Museum
10711:Catholicism portal
10599:Basilica of St Andoche
10592:Basilica of St Quentin
10368:Basilica of St Vincent
10290:Basilica of St Theresa
10209:Basilica of St Maurice
9917:Assassin's Creed Unity
9667:Saint-Étienne de Paris
9459:Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène
9265:Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène
9074:Stone, Daniel (2001).
8929:. InterVarsity Press.
8918:(1998) 80#1 pp: 34–66.
8524:Huffington Post France
7878:BFM TV YouTube Channel
6220:10.3406/rhef.1964.1733
5553:. Paris Digest. 2018.
5355:Watkin, David (1986).
4807:
4630:
4629:Emmanuel's volley solo
4552:Léonce de Saint-Martin
4457:Pierre-Claude Foucquet
3399:Aristide Cavaillé-Coll
3377:
3161:Resurrection of Christ
2647:Colour and controversy
2535:Heading reconstruction
2457:
2249:
2137:
1935:coronation of Napoleon
1878:style, then in vogue.
1864:coronation of Napoleon
1499:
1394:
1296:
1173:Christianity in France
1168:
1149:
699:coronation of Napoleon
430:Olivier Ribadeau Dumas
13515:for Eastern Catholics
13462:Archdiocese of Nouméa
13231:Archdiocese of Rennes
13133:Diocese of Versailles
13041:Diocese of Gap-Embrun
13004:Province of Marseille
12975:Diocese of Belley–Ars
12699:World Heritage Centre
12689:Paris Zoological Park
12404:Gardens of Versailles
12318:Montparnasse Cemetery
12196:Parc Georges-Brassens
11999:Rue de la Ferronnerie
11600:Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
11550:Saint-François-Xavier
11540:Saint-Étienne-du-Mont
11515:Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
11495:Synagogue de Nazareth
11360:Musée Marmottan Monet
11345:Maison de Victor Hugo
11202:Philharmonie de Paris
10916:Salon Frédéric Chopin
10901:Pavillon de l'Arsenal
10640:Basilica of St Tudwal
10636:Basilica of St Martin
10221:Basilica of St Joseph
10146:Basilica of St Julian
10069:Basilica of St Sixtus
10045:Basilica of St Joseph
9813:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
9662:Pillar of the Boatmen
9547:(in French). France:
9544:Monuments Historiques
9366:Pisani, Paul (1908).
9271:. Imprimerie Lacombe.
9261:Lassus, Jean-Baptiste
9038:. London: H.G. Bohn.
8995:Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
8382:www.perseus.tufts.edu
6155:cheapholidayhacks.com
5649:. Canada. p. 17.
5455:Mérimée database 1993
5210:Architecture of Paris
5144:French road system's
4849:Roman Catholic Church
4836:Sainte-Trinité Church
4805:
4628:
4445:Armand-Louis Couperin
3586:Unda maris 8 (from c)
3481:Résonnance expressive
3395:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
3375:
3269:Pillar of the Boatmen
3223:Eugene Viollet-le-Duc
3206:Jacques Le Chevallier
3188:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
3048:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
3033:Ecclesia and Synagoga
2960:Ecclesia and Synagoga
2751:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
2656:Towers and the flèche
2455:
2236:walls are pierced by
2231:
2135:
2063:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
1999:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
1919:Emperor of the French
1868:Emperor of the French
1688:Adoration of the Magi
1512:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
1485:
1388:
1348:, which included the
1332:Heraclius of Caesarea
1293:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
1286:
1222:in the 18th century.
1185:Pillar of the Boatmen
1162:
1127:
1073:Our Lady of Guadalupe
1031:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
721:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
666:and abundance of its
13549:Cathedrals in France
13472:Diocese of Port-Vila
13379:Archdiocese of Tours
13348:Diocese of Montauban
13321:Province of Toulouse
13297:Diocese of Coutances
13287:Archdiocese of Rouen
13185:Archdiocese of Reims
13154:Diocese of Angoulême
13142:Province of Poitiers
13098:Archdiocese of Paris
12934:Archdiocese of Lille
12898:Archdiocese of Dijon
12860:Province of Clermont
12851:Diocese of Périgueux
12824:Province of Bordeaux
12810:Diocese of Saint-Dié
12783:Province of Besançon
12672:Montmartre Funicular
12652:Moulin de la Galette
12422:Château de Vincennes
12380:Château de Malmaison
12370:Château de Chantilly
12297:Vincennes Hippodrome
12247:Longchamp Hippodrome
12161:Jardin du Luxembourg
11899:Place des États-Unis
11879:Place de la Concorde
11874:Place de la Bastille
11420:Musée du Quai Branly
11400:Musée de l'Orangerie
10964:Paris Métro stations
10939:Saint-Louis en l'Île
10879:Mémorial de la Shoah
10662:Basilica of Our Lady
10645:Basilica of St Urban
10561:Basilica of St Peter
10414:Basilica of St James
10389:Basilica of St Aprus
10315:Basilica of St Peter
10256:Basilica of Our Lady
10218:Basilica of Our Lady
10056:Basilica of St Denis
10053:Basilica of Our Lady
9823:Jean-Louis Georgelin
9808:Jean-Baptiste Lassus
9772:Shirt of Saint Louis
9695:2016 bombing attempt
9380:, (2006), Gisserot;
9024:Art and Civilization
9008:. New York: Viking.
8621:Campanology Textbook
8618:Lehr, André (2005).
8327:Catholic News Agency
7945:Architectural Digest
7388:– via Reuters.
7373:. 25 December 2019.
5761:philippe-auguste.com
5132:Façade of Notre-Dame
4670:blessed and baptized
4655:September 11 attacks
4326:largest instrument.
3380:One of the earliest
2832:Illustration of the
2488:2024 Summer Olympics
2196:The Requiem Mass of
2019:Galerie des Chimères
1995:Jean-Baptiste Lassus
1643:Acts of the Apostles
1391:detailed description
1258:Memorial Historiarum
1247:Jean de Saint-Victor
1179:temple dedicated to
1027:Jean-Baptiste Lassus
752:archdiocese of Paris
13667:Landmarks in France
13622:Cathedrals in Paris
13617:Notre-Dame de Paris
13434:Province of Papeete
13394:Diocese of Chartres
13338:Archdiocese of Auch
13333:Archdiocese of Albi
13307:Diocese of Le Havre
13210:Diocese of Soissons
13195:Diocese of Beauvais
13123:Diocese of Pontoise
13118:Diocese of Nanterre
12960:Archdiocese of Lyon
12903:Archdiocese of Sens
12503:Parc de Saint-Cloud
12313:Montmartre Cemetery
12282:Stade Roland Garros
12119:Viaduc d'Austerlitz
12009:Rue de la Sourdière
11909:Place des Victoires
11904:Place des Pyramides
11634:Hôtels particuliers
11505:Notre-Dame de Paris
11480:Chapelle expiatoire
11452:Religious buildings
11365:Musée de Montmartre
10928:Saint-Jacques Tower
10889:Notre-Dame de Paris
10411:Basilica of St Paul
9984:Basilicas of France
9798:Pierre de Montreuil
9639:Notre-Dame de Paris
9175:Notre-Dame de Paris
8882:Bruzelius, Caroline
8684:"Fonte des cloches"
8174:2023PLoSO..1880945L
8003:. 18 September 2021
7888:on 28 October 2021.
7293:on 10 December 2022
6920:on 13 February 2017
6914:The Washington Post
6621:on 15 February 2008
6071:notredamedeparis.fr
6067:"Les grands "Mays""
5912:National Geographic
5852:Viollet-le-Duc 1868
5196:Architecture portal
4647:liberation of Paris
4469:Claude-Étienne Luce
4439:Louis-Claude Daquin
4304:Additional features
3992:Plein jeu III-V 2/3
3761:Dessus Chamade GO 8
3662:Flûte traversière 8
3636:Clarinette basse 16
3136:with a dragon, and
3134:Margaret the Virgin
2254:Jean-Marie Lustiger
2240:windows, arches to
2198:François Mitterrand
1966:Notre-Dame de Paris
1945:Jacques-Louis David
1724:Henry VI of England
1700:archbishop of Paris
1684:Charles de La Fosse
1590:Henry VI of England
1407:Pierre de Montreuil
1264:in the presence of
1085:– Culture Minister
1059:Liberation of Paris
927:Pierre de Montreuil
762:archbishop of Paris
725:Liberation of Paris
711:Notre-Dame de Paris
593:Notre-Dame de Paris
540:Monument historique
83: /
45:Notre-Dame de Paris
13455:Province of Noumea
13446:Diocese of Taiohae
13425:Diocese of Cayenne
13399:Diocese of Orléans
13353:Diocese of Pamiers
13261:Diocese of Quimper
13246:Diocese of Le Mans
13224:Province of Rennes
13205:Diocese of Langres
13200:Diocese of Châlons
13164:Diocese of Limoges
13103:Diocese of Créteil
13026:Diocese of Ajaccio
12995:Diocese of Viviers
12990:Diocese of Valence
12877:Diocese of Moulins
12632:Fountains in Paris
12617:Café des 2 Moulins
12571:Paris Fashion Week
12556:Fête de la Musique
12538:Culture and events
12466:Fort Mont-Valérien
12334:Oscar Wilde's tomb
12237:Auteuil Hippodrome
12176:Parc de Belleville
12166:Parc André-Citroën
12014:Rue de Montmorency
11954:Pont de Bir-Hakeim
11944:Pont Alexandre III
11934:Place Saint-Michel
11919:Place du Carrousel
11884:Place de la Nation
11807:Galerie Véro-Dodat
11787:Canal Saint-Martin
11570:Tour Saint-Jacques
11465:American Cathedral
11226:Porte Saint-Martin
11155:Institut de France
10122:Basilica of St Ann
10049:Basilica of St Ann
9925:Notre-Dame on Fire
9901:View of Notre-Dame
9507:Stanford Libraries
9022:Myers, Bernard S.
8669:Doré 2012, p. 203.
8628:on 25 January 2022
7683:The New York Times
7408:. 25 December 2020
7140:The New York Times
7103:The New York Times
7007:The New York Times
6701:The New York Times
6646:The New York Times
6570:The New York Times
6515:. Associated Press
6484:The New York Times
6454:The New York Times
6382:. 11 November 1970
6379:The New York Times
6335:. 20 January 1969.
6333:The New York Times
6256:, pp. 118–20.
6128:, pp. 202–05.
6017:on 23 October 2013
5881:, pp. 540–69.
5805:de Villefosse 1980
5182:Catholicism portal
4808:
4631:
4570:Jean-Pierre Leguay
4245:Contre-Bombarde 32
3791:Flûte harmonique 8
3756:Basse Chamade GO 8
3677:Flûte Octaviante 4
3642:Clarinette aiguë 4
3580:Flûte harmonique 8
3508:Flûte harmonique 8
3378:
3356:June Days uprising
3230:Burials and crypts
3192:Chartres Cathedral
3122:Louis IX of France
2901:on the west façade
2747:Thomas the Apostle
2458:
2250:
2220:in December 1999.
2193:of the cathedral.
2138:
1921:on 2 December 1804
1848:Napoleon Bonaparte
1832:Goddess of Liberty
1821:, and then to the
1732:Hundred Years' War
1421:. Master builders
1395:
1297:
1270:Pope Alexander III
1169:
1150:
963:the Revolutionary
899:, and get tracery.
857:– Construction of
733:fire in April 2019
571:Reference no.
526:Reference no.
245:Architectural type
87:48.8530°N 2.3498°E
13604:
13603:
13596:France portal
13372:Province of Tours
13343:Diocese of Cahors
13302:Diocese of Évreux
13292:Diocese of Bayeux
13280:Province of Rouen
13271:Diocese of Vannes
13256:Diocese of Nantes
13236:Diocese of Angers
13215:Diocese of Troyes
13190:Diocese of Amiens
13178:Province of Reims
13091:Province of Paris
12970:Diocese of Annecy
12927:Province of Lille
12918:Mission de France
12913:Diocese of Nevers
12891:Province of Dijon
12815:Diocese of Verdun
12733:
12732:
12694:Pyramide inversée
12395:Château de Sceaux
12352:Région parisienne
12149:Bois de Vincennes
12129:Parks and gardens
11924:Place du Châtelet
11757:Avenue de l'Opéra
11746:Bridges, streets,
11730:Palais de la Cité
11725:Palais de Justice
11708:Luxembourg Palace
11673:Hôtel de Pontalba
11668:Hôtel de la Païva
11648:Hôtel de Beauvais
11330:Musée Cognacq-Jay
11236:Tour Montparnasse
11221:Porte Saint-Denis
11141:Gare Saint-Lazare
11136:Gare Montparnasse
11116:Gare d'Austerlitz
11031:
11030:
10884:Musée de la Magie
10786:Lycée Charlemagne
10779:secondary schools
10719:
10718:
9951:
9950:
9920:(2014 video game)
9803:Pierre de Chelles
9691:(1951–2008)
9683:Notre-Dame Affair
9672:Notre-Dame school
9493:Online references
9483:978-2-7373-7712-9
9401:Tonazzi, Pascal.
9346:978-2-7373-6535-5
9308:978-2-70-714520-8
9026:. New York City:
8982:Jacobs, Jay, ed.
8954:(XLII/1): 63–85.
8923:Herrick, James A.
8708:fr.wikisource.org
8408:, pp. 97–99.
8262:Catholic Exchange
7703:The Art Newspaper
7595:The Art Newspaper
7561:The Art Newspaper
7502:. 16 January 2012
7446:. 15 April 2019.
7226:. 15 April 2019.
7032:Seiger, Theresa.
6512:Los Angeles Times
6359:978-1-78131-554-5
6240:Mignon, Olivier,
6170:, pp. 75–76.
6095:on 2 October 2023
6087:(in French). The
5939:, pp. 63–85.
5791:La voix est libre
5468:, pp. 46–62.
5293:names of churches
5055:Flying buttresses
4975:Tour Montparnasse
4896:An 1853 photo by
4626:
4576:Philippe Lefebvre
4401:Médéric Corneille
4349:Jacques Petitjean
4336:Guillaume Maingot
4295:
4294:
3864:Cornet II-V 2 2/3
3705:Basson-Hautbois 8
3274:French Revolution
3153:Descent into Hell
3044:French Revolution
2879:Archangel Michael
2850:The martyr Saint
2699:The 19th-century
2517:. Chemla gave an
2511:Philippe Torreton
2453:
2366:COVID-19 pandemic
2187:Pope John Paul II
2172:Charles de Gaulle
2143:Charles De Gaulle
2038:Semaine sanglante
1895:French Revolution
1844:Concordat of 1801
1830:. For a time the
1815:French Revolution
1606:In 1548, rioting
1584:15th–18th century
1576:flying buttresses
1458:opened the first
1438:Raymond du Temple
1423:Pierre de Chelles
1309:Robert of Torigni
1160:
1055:Charles de Gaulle
989:Concordat of 1801
961:French Revolution
863:flying buttresses
691:French Revolution
614:Our Lady of Paris
590:
589:
445:Sylvain Dieudonné
441:Director of music
237:Functional status
157:.notredamedeparis
16:(Redirected from
13704:
13594:
13593:
13592:
13582:
13581:
13389:Diocese of Blois
13358:Diocese of Rodez
13251:Diocese of Luçon
13241:Diocese of Laval
13169:Diocese of Tulle
13113:Diocese of Meaux
13077:Diocese of Nîmes
13072:Diocese of Mende
13031:Diocese of Digne
12953:Province of Lyon
12944:Diocese of Arras
12908:Diocese of Autun
12800:Diocese of Nancy
12760:
12753:
12746:
12737:
12736:
12581:Republican Guard
12483:France Miniature
12444:Disneyland Paris
12414:, including the
12365:Château d'Écouen
12267:Stade Jean Bouin
12252:Parc des Princes
12211:Tuileries Garden
12137:Bois de Boulogne
12094:Rue Saint-Honoré
12039:Rue des Lombards
12029:Rue de Vaugirard
12019:Rue de Richelieu
11994:Rue d'Argenteuil
11914:Place des Vosges
11822:Galerie Vivienne
11802:Covered passages
11782:Canal de l'Ourcq
11713:Petit Luxembourg
11683:Hôtel de Soubise
11658:Hôtel de Crillon
11653:Hôtel de Charost
11620:Temple du Marais
11315:Maison de Balzac
11213:Flame of Liberty
11091:Arènes de Lutèce
11065:Tourism in Paris
11058:
11051:
11044:
11035:
11034:
10950:Temple du Marais
10746:
10739:
10732:
10723:
10722:
10709:
10708:
10689:
9978:
9971:
9964:
9955:
9954:
9788:Maurice de Sully
9632:
9625:
9618:
9609:
9608:
9589:
9585:
9572:
9568:
9560:
9558:
9556:
9540:Mérimée database
9522:
9520:
9518:
9513:on 17 April 2019
9509:. Archived from
9505:. Vol. 22.
9487:
9468:
9467:. Édition BANCE.
9440:
9398:
9373:
9362:
9350:
9331:
9312:
9293:
9272:
9256:
9233:
9221:
9207:
9188:
9169:
9160:
9147:
9122:
9110:978-030006-338-7
9102:
9091:
9070:
9047:
9019:
8979:
8960:10.2307/25067075
8940:
8916:The Art Bulletin
8911:
8887:The Art Bulletin
8875:English-language
8861:
8858:
8852:
8851:
8849:
8847:
8836:
8830:
8829:
8827:
8825:
8808:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8797:
8784:
8778:
8777:
8775:
8773:
8758:
8752:
8751:
8741:
8735:
8734:
8726:
8720:
8719:
8717:
8715:
8700:
8694:
8693:
8676:
8670:
8667:
8661:
8658:
8652:
8649:
8638:
8637:
8635:
8633:
8615:
8609:
8606:
8600:
8597:
8591:
8590:
8588:
8586:
8575:
8569:
8568:
8550:
8544:
8541:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8530:
8515:
8506:
8505:, 17 April 2019.
8500:
8494:
8493:
8491:
8489:
8474:
8461:
8460:
8458:
8456:
8441:
8435:
8434:
8432:
8430:
8415:
8409:
8403:
8394:
8393:
8391:
8389:
8374:
8368:
8365:
8359:
8352:
8343:
8342:
8340:
8338:
8333:on 18 April 2019
8313:
8307:
8306:
8304:
8302:
8280:
8274:
8273:
8271:
8269:
8252:
8246:
8239:
8233:
8230:
8224:
8221:
8215:
8212:
8206:
8205:
8195:
8185:
8153:
8147:
8146:
8144:
8142:
8125:
8119:
8118:
8104:
8098:
8097:
8085:
8079:
8078:
8077:. 14 April 2022.
8067:
8061:
8060:
8048:
8042:
8041:
8039:
8037:
8019:
8013:
8012:
8010:
8008:
7993:
7987:
7986:
7984:
7982:
7967:
7961:
7960:
7954:
7952:
7937:
7931:
7930:
7922:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7911:
7896:
7890:
7889:
7870:
7864:
7863:
7851:
7845:
7844:
7829:
7823:
7822:
7820:
7818:
7803:
7797:
7794:
7788:
7787:
7785:
7783:
7768:
7762:
7759:
7753:
7752:
7740:
7734:
7733:
7721:
7715:
7714:
7712:
7710:
7693:
7687:
7686:
7674:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7663:
7647:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7636:
7620:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7609:
7586:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7552:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7541:
7518:
7512:
7511:
7509:
7507:
7492:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7481:
7466:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7455:
7436:
7430:
7429:, 16 April 2019.
7424:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7413:
7396:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7363:
7357:
7356:
7354:
7352:
7335:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7324:
7309:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7298:
7292:
7287:. Archived from
7276:
7270:
7269:
7267:
7265:
7246:
7240:
7239:
7237:
7235:
7216:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7205:
7190:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7163:
7157:
7156:
7154:
7152:
7136:
7128:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7117:
7094:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7060:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7049:
7029:
7023:
7022:
7020:
7018:
7004:
6996:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6985:
6980:on 15 April 2019
6976:. Archived from
6966:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6955:
6950:on 11 April 2018
6946:. Archived from
6936:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6916:. Archived from
6905:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6894:
6877:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6866:
6846:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6835:
6820:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6794:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6772:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6761:
6746:
6740:
6739:
6737:
6735:
6718:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6692:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6664:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6637:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6605:
6599:
6598:
6588:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6561:
6555:
6554:
6548:
6546:
6531:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6520:
6502:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6475:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6416:
6410:
6409:
6398:
6392:
6391:
6389:
6387:
6370:
6364:
6363:
6343:
6337:
6336:
6325:
6319:
6318:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6272:
6266:
6263:
6257:
6251:
6245:
6238:
6232:
6231:
6214:(147): 125–134.
6199:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6177:
6171:
6165:
6159:
6158:
6157:. 12 April 2023.
6147:
6141:
6135:
6129:
6123:
6117:
6111:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6091:. Archived from
6081:
6075:
6074:
6063:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6052:
6047:on 13 April 2021
6033:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6013:. Archived from
6002:
5991:
5990:
5977:
5968:
5967:
5946:
5940:
5934:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5914:. Archived from
5903:
5894:
5888:
5882:
5876:
5867:
5861:
5855:
5849:
5843:
5842:
5826:
5820:
5814:
5808:
5802:
5796:
5794:
5786:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5720:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5706:
5700:
5692:
5683:
5680:
5674:
5671:
5665:
5664:
5658:
5650:
5648:
5637:
5631:
5628:
5622:
5619:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5590:
5584:
5578:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5531:on 2 August 2018
5521:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5486:. Archived from
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5352:
5334:
5331:
5325:
5314:
5308:
5281:
5206:, destroyed 1831
5198:
5193:
5192:
5184:
5179:
5178:
5170:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5141:
5129:
5117:
5098:
5080:
5066:
5051:
5035:
5016:
5005:Virgin and Child
4997:
4985:
4970:
4958:, and Portal of
4954:, Portal of the
4943:
4931:
4916:
4893:
4881:
4869:
4783:
4771:
4759:
4747:
4735:
4723:
4711:
4627:
4596:
4558:Pierre Cochereau
4541:
4522:
4509:
4496:
4477:
4451:Claude Balbastre
4434:
4409:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4370:
4362:Charles Thibault
4357:
4344:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4036:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3749:Chamade Régale 8
3743:Dessus Chamade 8
3721:Récit classique:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3665:Viole de Gambe 8
3652:Récit expressif:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3505:Viole de Gambe 8
3453:
3452:
3433:Pierre Cochereau
3387:François Thierry
3352:Archbishop Affre
3347:
3325:
3322:
3316:
3304:
3289:
3177:John the Apostle
3100:
3088:
3076:
3064:
2956:
2947:, central portal
2940:
2925:
2910:
2894:
2875:
2863:
2847:
2829:
2770:The cathedral's
2742:
2733:
2727:
2711:
2696:
2684:
2672:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2583:
2454:
2430:
2414:
2402:
2390:
2378:
2265:Dominique Venner
2244:, and arches to
2185:of 30 May 1980,
2147:Philippe Leclerc
2119:
2107:
2097:Hippolyte Bayard
2092:
2073:
2058:
2042:Tuileries Palace
1930:
1906:
1887:
1796:
1776:
1767:
1764:
1747:
1736:Treaty of Troyes
1720:
1627:in Notre-Dame's
1626:
1571:
1551:
1535:
1507:
1497:
1493:Jean de Jandun,
1446:
1435:
1256:recorded in the
1255:
1231:Maurice de Sully
1161:
975:Temple of Reason
941:Hardouin Mansart
886:
883:
874:
871:
855:
852:
822:Maurice de Sully
790:– including the
687:Maurice de Sully
683:the medieval era
648:Romanesque style
611:
610:
609:
603:
598:
478:Thibault Fajoles
469:
287:
285:
205:Maurice de Sully
161:
158:
156:
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
88:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
54:
42:
41:
21:
13712:
13711:
13707:
13706:
13705:
13703:
13702:
13701:
13607:
13606:
13605:
13600:
13590:
13588:
13576:
13568:
13564:Former dioceses
13537:
13514:
13507:
13493:Diocese of Metz
13476:
13450:
13429:
13403:
13367:
13316:
13312:Diocese of Séez
13275:
13219:
13173:
13137:
13086:
13050:
13046:Diocese of Nice
12999:
12948:
12922:
12886:
12855:
12836:Diocese of Agen
12819:
12778:
12769:
12764:
12734:
12729:
12703:
12642:Les Deux Magots
12612:Bateaux Mouches
12590:
12532:
12528:Vaux-le-Vicomte
12523:Stade de France
12449:Disneyland Park
12346:
12342:Picpus Cemetery
12301:
12257:Piscine Molitor
12220:
12206:Parc Montsouris
12123:
12104:Rue Sainte-Anne
12099:Rue Saint-Denis
12089:Rue des Rosiers
12084:Rue Pastourelle
12064:Rue Montorgueil
11989:Rue Charlemagne
11929:Place du Tertre
11767:Avenue George V
11749:
11747:
11741:
11663:Hôtel d'Estrées
11635:
11629:
11610:Sainte-Clotilde
11605:Sainte-Chapelle
11490:Grand Synagogue
11470:American Church
11446:
11355:Musée du Louvre
11320:Musée Bourdelle
11275:Centre Pompidou
11248:
11240:
11081:Arc de Triomphe
11067:
11062:
11032:
11027:
11010:
10959:
10864:Rue des Rosiers
10812:
10808:Île Saint-Louis
10790:
10778:
10772:
10755:
10750:
10720:
10715:
10703:
10690:
10681:
10003:
9994:Catholic Church
9985:
9982:
9952:
9947:
9931:
9904:(1914 painting)
9896:(1902 painting)
9888:(1901 painting)
9880:(1890 painting)
9860:(1830 painting)
9852:(1807 painting)
9840:
9834:
9793:Jean de Chelles
9776:
9766:Virgin of Paris
9735:
9709:
9650:
9641:
9636:
9587:
9583:
9570:
9566:
9554:
9552:
9530:
9525:
9516:
9514:
9495:
9490:
9484:
9437:
9409:, Paris, 2007,
9386:9-782877-474658
9347:
9328:
9327:978-2755-807653
9309:
9290:
9253:
9204:
9185:
9136:
9134:French-language
9125:Wright, Craig.
9111:
9088:
9067:
9051:Sandron, Dany;
9016:
8937:
8877:
8871:
8866:
8865:
8864:
8859:
8855:
8845:
8843:
8838:
8837:
8833:
8823:
8821:
8810:
8809:
8805:
8795:
8793:
8786:
8785:
8781:
8771:
8769:
8760:
8759:
8755:
8742:
8738:
8727:
8723:
8713:
8711:
8702:
8701:
8697:
8677:
8673:
8668:
8664:
8659:
8655:
8650:
8641:
8631:
8629:
8616:
8612:
8607:
8603:
8598:
8594:
8584:
8582:
8576:
8572:
8565:
8551:
8547:
8542:
8538:
8528:
8526:
8516:
8509:
8501:
8497:
8487:
8485:
8476:
8475:
8464:
8454:
8452:
8443:
8442:
8438:
8428:
8426:
8425:. 20 March 2015
8417:
8416:
8412:
8404:
8397:
8387:
8385:
8376:
8375:
8371:
8366:
8362:
8353:
8346:
8336:
8334:
8322:Catholic Herald
8315:
8314:
8310:
8300:
8298:
8290:The Independent
8281:
8277:
8267:
8265:
8253:
8249:
8241:Marcel Aubert,
8240:
8236:
8231:
8227:
8222:
8218:
8213:
8209:
8168:(3): e0280945.
8154:
8150:
8140:
8138:
8126:
8122:
8105:
8101:
8086:
8082:
8069:
8068:
8064:
8049:
8045:
8035:
8033:
8032:. Paris, France
8020:
8016:
8006:
8004:
7995:
7994:
7990:
7980:
7978:
7969:
7968:
7964:
7958:transformation.
7950:
7948:
7947:. 13 April 2021
7939:
7938:
7934:
7924:
7923:
7919:
7909:
7907:
7898:
7897:
7893:
7872:
7871:
7867:
7852:
7848:
7831:
7830:
7826:
7816:
7814:
7805:
7804:
7800:
7795:
7791:
7781:
7779:
7778:. 27 April 2020
7770:
7769:
7765:
7760:
7756:
7741:
7737:
7722:
7718:
7708:
7706:
7694:
7690:
7675:
7671:
7661:
7659:
7648:
7644:
7634:
7632:
7621:
7617:
7607:
7605:
7587:
7583:
7573:
7571:
7553:
7549:
7539:
7537:
7519:
7515:
7505:
7503:
7494:
7493:
7489:
7479:
7477:
7468:
7467:
7463:
7453:
7451:
7438:
7437:
7433:
7425:
7421:
7411:
7409:
7398:
7397:
7393:
7383:
7381:
7365:
7364:
7360:
7350:
7348:
7336:
7332:
7322:
7320:
7319:. 16 April 2019
7311:
7310:
7306:
7296:
7294:
7285:Financial Times
7277:
7273:
7263:
7261:
7248:
7247:
7243:
7233:
7231:
7218:
7217:
7213:
7203:
7201:
7191:
7187:
7177:
7175:
7164:
7160:
7150:
7148:
7129:
7125:
7115:
7113:
7095:
7088:
7078:
7076:
7061:
7057:
7047:
7045:
7030:
7026:
7016:
7014:
6997:
6993:
6983:
6981:
6974:Queensland Time
6968:
6967:
6963:
6953:
6951:
6938:
6937:
6933:
6923:
6921:
6906:
6902:
6892:
6890:
6878:
6874:
6864:
6862:
6847:
6843:
6833:
6831:
6830:on 14 July 2015
6822:
6821:
6817:
6807:
6805:
6804:. 16 April 2019
6796:
6795:
6791:
6781:
6779:
6774:
6773:
6769:
6759:
6757:
6747:
6743:
6733:
6731:
6719:
6715:
6705:
6703:
6693:
6689:
6679:
6677:
6666:
6665:
6661:
6651:
6649:
6638:
6634:
6624:
6622:
6607:
6606:
6602:
6589:
6585:
6575:
6573:
6562:
6558:
6544:
6542:
6541:. 14 April 1998
6533:
6532:
6528:
6518:
6516:
6503:
6499:
6489:
6487:
6476:
6469:
6459:
6457:
6445:
6441:
6431:
6429:
6426:Catholic Digest
6417:
6413:
6408:. 27 June 1971.
6400:
6399:
6395:
6385:
6383:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6360:
6344:
6340:
6327:
6326:
6322:
6317:. 21 July 2015.
6307:
6306:
6302:
6287:
6273:
6269:
6264:
6260:
6252:
6248:
6239:
6235:
6200:
6196:
6186:
6184:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6166:
6162:
6149:
6148:
6144:
6136:
6132:
6124:
6120:
6112:
6108:
6098:
6096:
6083:
6082:
6078:
6065:
6064:
6060:
6050:
6048:
6035:
6034:
6030:
6020:
6018:
6005:Chavis, Jason.
6003:
5994:
5979:
5978:
5971:
5947:
5943:
5935:
5931:
5921:
5919:
5918:on 23 June 2015
5904:
5897:
5891:Williamson 1995
5889:
5885:
5877:
5870:
5862:
5858:
5850:
5846:
5827:
5823:
5815:
5811:
5803:
5799:
5787:
5780:
5770:
5768:
5755:
5754:
5750:
5740:
5738:
5721:
5714:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5693:
5686:
5681:
5677:
5672:
5668:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5638:
5634:
5629:
5625:
5620:
5613:
5603:
5601:
5591:
5587:
5579:
5570:
5560:
5558:
5549:
5548:
5544:
5534:
5532:
5523:
5522:
5503:
5493:
5491:
5490:on 17 June 2020
5478:Chavis, Jason.
5476:
5472:
5464:
5460:
5453:
5449:
5434:
5430:
5420:
5418:
5405:
5404:
5400:
5390:
5388:
5378:
5374:
5367:
5353:
5349:
5343:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5328:
5315:
5311:
5282:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5194:
5187:
5180:
5173:
5166:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5133:
5130:
5121:
5118:
5109:
5099:
5090:
5081:
5072:
5067:
5058:
5052:
5043:
5036:
5027:
5017:
5008:
5001:Virgin of Paris
4998:
4989:
4986:
4977:
4971:
4962:
4944:
4935:
4932:
4923:
4917:
4908:
4894:
4885:
4882:
4873:
4870:
4861:
4845:
4800:
4794:
4787:
4784:
4775:
4772:
4763:
4760:
4751:
4748:
4739:
4736:
4727:
4724:
4715:
4712:
4622:
4620:
4614:
4609:
4601:Thierry Escaich
4590:
4535:
4516:
4503:
4490:
4488:Antoine Desprez
4471:
4428:
4403:
4394:
4383:
4375:Charles Racquet
4364:
4351:
4338:
4324:Cavaillé-Coll's
4312:
4291:
4282:Chamade Récit 4
4277:Chamade Récit 8
4236:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4157:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4004:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3905:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3776:
3740:Basse Chamade 8
3690:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3645:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3565:
3556:Chamade Recit 8
3496:Violon-Basse 16
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3376:The great organ
3370:
3363:
3348:
3339:
3323:
3317:
3308:
3305:
3296:
3290:
3245:
3239:
3232:
3104:
3101:
3092:
3089:
3080:
3077:
3068:
3065:
3056:
3037:supersessionism
2963:
2957:
2948:
2941:
2932:
2926:
2917:
2911:
2902:
2895:
2886:
2876:
2867:
2864:
2855:
2848:
2839:
2837:
2830:
2812:
2806:
2794:Saint Genevieve
2786:Crown of Thorns
2779:twelve Apostles
2754:
2743:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2719:
2712:
2703:
2697:
2688:
2685:
2676:
2673:
2664:
2658:
2649:
2642:
2639:
2630:
2627:
2618:
2615:
2606:
2603:
2577:
2558:
2537:
2443:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2422:
2415:
2406:
2403:
2394:
2391:
2382:
2379:
2353:Emmanuel Macron
2316:smoke detectors
2309:
2307:Notre-Dame fire
2303:
2226:
2130:
2123:
2120:
2111:
2108:
2099:
2093:
2084:
2074:
2065:
2059:
2003:Sainte-Chapelle
1982:. In 1844 King
1958:Napoleonic Wars
1954:
1947:
1931:
1922:
1907:
1898:
1888:
1856:Charles Percier
1826:display at the
1811:
1804:
1797:
1788:
1777:
1768:
1765:
1748:
1739:
1721:
1647:Académie Royale
1620:
1594:Reims Cathedral
1586:
1579:
1572:
1563:
1558:helps keep the
1552:
1543:
1538:Early six-part
1536:
1527:
1508:
1498:
1492:
1467:flying buttress
1460:Estates General
1456:Philip the Fair
1440:
1429:
1403:Jean de Chelles
1361:Sainte-Chapelle
1350:Crown of thorns
1334:called for the
1307:. According to
1249:
1245:The chronicler
1243:
1227:Bishop of Paris
1167:and Myles Zhang
1152:
1122:
1095:– On 15 April,
1075:in the name of
1057:celebrates the
945:Robert de Cotte
937:Louis XIV style
917:Jean de Chelles
884:
872:
853:
804:
792:Crown of Thorns
656:flying buttress
605:
604:
596:
542:
497:
476:
473:Thierry Escaich
471:
463:
459:
283:
281:
153:
131:Catholic Church
92:48.8530; 2.3498
91:
89:
85:
82:
77:
74:
72:
70:
69:
60:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13710:
13700:
13699:
13694:
13689:
13684:
13679:
13674:
13669:
13664:
13659:
13654:
13649:
13644:
13639:
13634:
13629:
13627:Île de la Cité
13624:
13619:
13602:
13601:
13599:
13598:
13586:
13573:
13570:
13569:
13567:
13566:
13561:
13556:
13551:
13545:
13543:
13539:
13538:
13536:
13535:
13530:
13525:
13519:
13517:
13509:
13508:
13506:
13505:
13500:
13495:
13490:
13484:
13482:
13478:
13477:
13475:
13474:
13469:
13464:
13458:
13456:
13452:
13451:
13449:
13448:
13443:
13437:
13435:
13431:
13430:
13428:
13427:
13422:
13417:
13411:
13409:
13405:
13404:
13402:
13401:
13396:
13391:
13386:
13381:
13375:
13373:
13369:
13368:
13366:
13365:
13360:
13355:
13350:
13345:
13340:
13335:
13330:
13324:
13322:
13318:
13317:
13315:
13314:
13309:
13304:
13299:
13294:
13289:
13283:
13281:
13277:
13276:
13274:
13273:
13268:
13263:
13258:
13253:
13248:
13243:
13238:
13233:
13227:
13225:
13221:
13220:
13218:
13217:
13212:
13207:
13202:
13197:
13192:
13187:
13181:
13179:
13175:
13174:
13172:
13171:
13166:
13161:
13156:
13151:
13145:
13143:
13139:
13138:
13136:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13115:
13110:
13105:
13100:
13094:
13092:
13088:
13087:
13085:
13084:
13079:
13074:
13069:
13064:
13058:
13056:
13052:
13051:
13049:
13048:
13043:
13038:
13033:
13028:
13023:
13018:
13013:
13007:
13005:
13001:
13000:
12998:
12997:
12992:
12987:
12982:
12977:
12972:
12967:
12962:
12956:
12954:
12950:
12949:
12947:
12946:
12941:
12936:
12930:
12928:
12924:
12923:
12921:
12920:
12915:
12910:
12905:
12900:
12894:
12892:
12888:
12887:
12885:
12884:
12879:
12874:
12869:
12863:
12861:
12857:
12856:
12854:
12853:
12848:
12843:
12838:
12833:
12827:
12825:
12821:
12820:
12818:
12817:
12812:
12807:
12802:
12797:
12792:
12786:
12784:
12780:
12779:
12774:
12771:
12770:
12763:
12762:
12755:
12748:
12740:
12731:
12730:
12728:
12727:
12725:Paris syndrome
12722:
12717:
12711:
12709:
12705:
12704:
12702:
12701:
12696:
12691:
12686:
12684:Paris syndrome
12681:
12676:
12675:
12674:
12669:
12659:
12654:
12649:
12644:
12639:
12634:
12629:
12627:Folies Bergère
12624:
12619:
12614:
12609:
12604:
12602:Axe historique
12598:
12596:
12592:
12591:
12589:
12588:
12583:
12578:
12573:
12568:
12566:Paris Air Show
12563:
12558:
12553:
12551:Dîner en Blanc
12548:
12542:
12540:
12534:
12533:
12531:
12530:
12525:
12520:
12515:
12513:La Roche-Guyon
12510:
12505:
12500:
12495:
12490:
12485:
12480:
12479:
12478:
12473:
12463:
12458:
12457:
12456:
12451:
12441:
12440:
12439:
12434:
12424:
12419:
12416:Fresh pavilion
12397:
12392:
12387:
12382:
12377:
12372:
12367:
12362:
12356:
12354:
12348:
12347:
12345:
12344:
12339:
12338:
12337:
12325:
12323:Passy Cemetery
12320:
12315:
12309:
12307:
12303:
12302:
12300:
12299:
12294:
12289:
12284:
12279:
12274:
12272:Stade Pershing
12269:
12264:
12259:
12254:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12228:
12226:
12222:
12221:
12219:
12218:
12213:
12208:
12203:
12198:
12193:
12188:
12183:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12163:
12158:
12157:
12156:
12146:
12145:
12144:
12133:
12131:
12125:
12124:
12122:
12121:
12116:
12111:
12106:
12101:
12096:
12091:
12086:
12081:
12076:
12071:
12066:
12061:
12056:
12051:
12046:
12041:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12016:
12011:
12006:
12004:Rue de la Paix
12001:
11996:
11991:
11986:
11981:
11976:
11971:
11969:Port du Louvre
11966:
11961:
11956:
11951:
11946:
11941:
11936:
11931:
11926:
11921:
11916:
11911:
11906:
11901:
11896:
11891:
11886:
11881:
11876:
11871:
11869:Place Dauphine
11866:
11861:
11856:
11851:
11846:
11841:
11840:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11799:
11797:Champs-Élysées
11794:
11789:
11784:
11779:
11774:
11769:
11764:
11759:
11753:
11751:
11748:areas, squares
11743:
11742:
11740:
11739:
11734:
11733:
11732:
11722:
11720:Palais Bourbon
11717:
11716:
11715:
11705:
11703:Hôtel Matignon
11700:
11695:
11693:Hôtel de Ville
11690:
11688:Hôtel de Sully
11685:
11680:
11675:
11670:
11665:
11660:
11655:
11650:
11645:
11639:
11637:
11631:
11630:
11628:
11627:
11622:
11617:
11615:Sainte-Trinité
11612:
11607:
11602:
11597:
11592:
11587:
11582:
11577:
11572:
11567:
11562:
11557:
11552:
11547:
11545:Saint-Eustache
11542:
11537:
11535:Saint-Augustin
11532:
11530:Saint Ambroise
11527:
11522:
11517:
11512:
11507:
11502:
11497:
11492:
11487:
11482:
11477:
11472:
11467:
11462:
11456:
11454:
11448:
11447:
11445:
11444:
11439:
11438:
11437:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11387:
11382:
11377:
11372:
11367:
11362:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11322:
11317:
11312:
11307:
11302:
11297:
11292:
11287:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11262:
11256:
11254:
11242:
11241:
11239:
11238:
11233:
11228:
11223:
11218:
11217:
11216:
11204:
11199:
11194:
11189:
11187:Opéra Bastille
11184:
11179:
11174:
11172:Louvre Pyramid
11169:
11164:
11157:
11152:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11093:
11088:
11083:
11077:
11075:
11069:
11068:
11061:
11060:
11053:
11046:
11038:
11029:
11028:
11026:
11025:
11018:
11016:
11012:
11011:
11009:
11008:
11003:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10986:Hôtel de Ville
10983:
10978:
10973:
10967:
10965:
10961:
10960:
10958:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10936:
10930:
10925:
10920:
10919:
10918:
10913:
10903:
10898:
10897:
10896:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10854:Hôtel de Ville
10851:
10849:Hôtel de Sully
10846:
10841:
10836:
10831:
10826:
10820:
10818:
10814:
10813:
10811:
10810:
10805:
10802:Île de la Cité
10798:
10796:
10792:
10791:
10789:
10788:
10782:
10780:
10774:
10773:
10771:
10770:
10763:
10761:
10760:Neighbourhoods
10757:
10756:
10749:
10748:
10741:
10734:
10726:
10717:
10716:
10714:
10713:
10701:
10699:Basilicas list
10695:
10692:
10691:
10684:
10682:
10680:
10679:
10676:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10660:
10655:
10652:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10621:
10616:
10611:
10608:
10603:
10600:
10597:
10594:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10566:
10563:
10558:
10553:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10537:
10534:
10531:
10526:
10523:
10520:
10517:
10514:
10511:
10506:
10503:
10498:
10495:
10492:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10451:
10446:
10441:
10436:
10433:
10428:
10425:
10420:
10415:
10412:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10396:
10393:
10390:
10387:
10382:
10379:
10374:
10369:
10366:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10350:
10347:
10344:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10313:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10292:
10287:
10284:
10279:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10263:
10260:
10257:
10254:
10251:
10248:
10245:
10242:
10239:
10236:
10233:
10228:
10225:
10222:
10219:
10216:
10213:
10210:
10207:
10204:
10201:
10198:
10195:
10192:
10187:
10184:
10181:
10178:
10173:
10170:
10165:
10162:
10157:
10151:
10148:
10143:
10138:
10133:
10128:
10123:
10120:
10117:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10091:
10088:
10085:
10080:
10075:
10070:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10054:
10051:
10046:
10043:
10040:
10037:
10032:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10013:
10011:
10005:
10004:
10002:
10001:
9996:
9990:
9987:
9986:
9981:
9980:
9973:
9966:
9958:
9949:
9948:
9946:
9945:
9943:Île de la Cité
9939:
9937:
9933:
9932:
9930:
9929:
9921:
9913:
9905:
9897:
9889:
9881:
9873:
9861:
9853:
9844:
9842:
9836:
9835:
9833:
9832:
9825:
9820:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9784:
9782:
9778:
9777:
9775:
9774:
9769:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9743:
9741:
9737:
9736:
9734:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9717:
9715:
9711:
9710:
9708:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9686:
9680:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9658:
9656:
9652:
9651:
9646:
9643:
9642:
9635:
9634:
9627:
9620:
9612:
9606:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9578:
9573:
9561:
9529:
9528:External links
9526:
9524:
9523:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9488:
9482:
9469:
9455:
9441:
9435:
9417:
9399:
9388:
9374:
9363:
9355:Mortet, Victor
9351:
9345:
9332:
9326:
9313:
9307:
9294:
9288:
9273:
9257:
9251:
9234:
9222:
9208:
9202:
9196:. Flammarion.
9189:
9184:978-2809907988
9183:
9170:
9161:
9148:
9135:
9132:
9131:
9130:
9123:
9109:
9092:
9086:
9071:
9065:
9053:Tallon, Andrew
9048:
9031:
9020:
9014:
8998:
8991:History of Art
8989:Janson, H. W.
8987:
8980:
8941:
8935:
8919:
8912:
8894:(4): 540–569.
8876:
8873:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8863:
8862:
8853:
8831:
8803:
8779:
8753:
8736:
8721:
8695:
8682:, ed. (1767).
8680:Diderot, Denis
8671:
8662:
8653:
8639:
8610:
8601:
8599:Gueffier 1763.
8592:
8570:
8563:
8545:
8536:
8507:
8495:
8462:
8436:
8410:
8395:
8369:
8360:
8344:
8308:
8275:
8247:
8234:
8225:
8216:
8207:
8148:
8120:
8099:
8080:
8062:
8043:
8014:
7988:
7962:
7932:
7917:
7891:
7865:
7846:
7824:
7813:. 2 April 2020
7798:
7789:
7763:
7754:
7735:
7716:
7688:
7669:
7642:
7615:
7581:
7547:
7513:
7487:
7461:
7431:
7419:
7391:
7358:
7330:
7304:
7271:
7241:
7211:
7185:
7158:
7123:
7086:
7055:
7024:
6991:
6961:
6931:
6900:
6872:
6861:on 22 May 2013
6841:
6815:
6789:
6767:
6741:
6713:
6687:
6659:
6632:
6600:
6583:
6556:
6526:
6497:
6467:
6439:
6411:
6393:
6365:
6358:
6338:
6320:
6300:
6285:
6267:
6258:
6246:
6233:
6194:
6172:
6160:
6142:
6140:, p. 281.
6138:Duvergier 1825
6130:
6118:
6106:
6076:
6058:
6028:
5992:
5969:
5941:
5929:
5895:
5883:
5879:Bruzelius 1987
5868:
5856:
5854:, p. 288.
5844:
5821:
5819:, p. 294.
5809:
5797:
5778:
5748:
5712:
5684:
5675:
5666:
5632:
5623:
5611:
5585:
5583:, p. 292.
5568:
5542:
5501:
5470:
5458:
5447:
5428:
5398:
5372:
5365:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5326:
5309:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5200:
5199:
5185:
5171:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5112:
5110:
5100:
5093:
5091:
5082:
5075:
5073:
5068:
5061:
5059:
5053:
5046:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5028:
5018:
5011:
5009:
4999:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4980:
4978:
4972:
4965:
4963:
4945:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4926:
4924:
4918:
4911:
4909:
4895:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4844:
4841:
4831:central flèche
4793:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4706:
4616:Main article:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4598:
4588:Vincent Dubois
4585:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4533:Eugène Sergent
4530:
4524:
4511:
4498:
4485:
4479:
4466:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4442:
4436:
4423:
4417:
4411:
4398:
4378:
4372:
4359:
4346:
4332:
4311:
4308:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4224:
4208:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4170:
4167:
4166:Contrebasse 16
4164:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4145:Voix humaine 8
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4133:Fourniture III
4131:
4128:
4112:
4096:
4093:
4077:
4061:
4045:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3971:
3955:
3938:
3935:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3896:Cornet Récit V
3893:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3843:
3827:
3811:
3808:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3711:Voix humaine 8
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3612:
3609:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3476:V. Grand-Chœur
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3456:I. Grand-Orgue
3418:Claude Johnson
3369:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3349:
3342:
3340:
3318:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3299:
3297:
3293:Eudes de Sully
3291:
3284:
3231:
3228:
3173:Mary Magdalene
3106:
3105:
3102:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3059:
3055:
3052:
2965:
2964:
2958:
2951:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2920:
2918:
2912:
2905:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2887:
2877:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2858:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2840:
2831:
2824:
2817:liber pauperum
2805:
2802:
2756:
2755:
2744:
2737:
2735:
2729:
2722:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2667:
2660:Main article:
2657:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2597:
2557:
2554:
2536:
2533:
2507:Renaud Capuçon
2499:Michel Aupetit
2479:Franck Riester
2440:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2425:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2373:
2305:Main article:
2302:
2299:
2225:
2222:
2176:Philippe Petit
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2102:
2100:
2094:
2087:
2085:
2082:Léon Gaucherel
2075:
2068:
2066:
2060:
2053:
1984:Louis Philippe
1953:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1908:
1901:
1899:
1891:Cult of Reason
1889:
1882:
1828:Musée de Cluny
1819:Cult of Reason
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1789:
1778:
1771:
1769:
1749:
1742:
1740:
1728:King of France
1722:
1715:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1564:
1560:line of thrust
1553:
1546:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1528:
1509:
1502:
1490:
1477:John of Jandun
1376:Eudes de Sully
1344:deposited the
1274:Eudes de Sully
1266:King Louis VII
1242:
1239:
1165:Stephen Murray
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1090:
1080:
1062:
1048:
1034:
1020:
1013:minor basilica
1006:
1005:at Notre-Dame.
996:
982:
968:
954:
948:
930:
920:
915:lengthened by
906:
900:
890:
878:
866:
847:
825:
815:
803:
800:
766:Laurent Ulrich
748:minor basilica
632:Île de la Cité
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
572:
568:
567:
564:
560:
559:
556:
552:
551:
548:
544:
543:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
527:
523:
522:
519:
515:
514:
511:
507:
506:
503:
499:
498:
493:
490:
489:
486:
485:
482:
481:
475:(since 2024);
470:(since 2016);
461:Vincent Dubois
458:(since 1985);
453:
447:
446:
443:
437:
436:
432:
431:
428:
422:
421:
419:Laurent Ulrich
416:
410:
409:
405:
404:
399:
393:
392:
391:Administration
388:
387:
381:
377:
376:
373:
367:
366:
363:
359:
358:
355:
348:
347:
344:
340:
339:
336:
329:
328:
325:
318:
317:
314:
310:
309:
306:
302:
301:
300:Specifications
297:
296:
293:
289:
288:
278:
276:Groundbreaking
272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
258:
252:
251:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
229:
228:
225:
218:
217:
214:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
187:minor basilica
180:
176:
175:
172:
171:Former name(s)
168:
167:
163:
162:
151:
147:
146:
141:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
104:
100:
99:
66:
65:
62:
61:
55:
47:
46:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13709:
13698:
13695:
13693:
13690:
13688:
13685:
13683:
13680:
13678:
13675:
13673:
13670:
13668:
13665:
13663:
13660:
13658:
13655:
13653:
13650:
13648:
13645:
13643:
13640:
13638:
13635:
13633:
13630:
13628:
13625:
13623:
13620:
13618:
13615:
13614:
13612:
13597:
13587:
13585:
13580:
13575:
13574:
13571:
13565:
13562:
13560:
13557:
13555:
13552:
13550:
13547:
13546:
13544:
13540:
13534:
13531:
13529:
13526:
13524:
13521:
13520:
13518:
13516:
13510:
13504:
13501:
13499:
13496:
13494:
13491:
13489:
13486:
13485:
13483:
13479:
13473:
13470:
13468:
13465:
13463:
13460:
13459:
13457:
13453:
13447:
13444:
13442:
13439:
13438:
13436:
13432:
13426:
13423:
13421:
13418:
13416:
13413:
13412:
13410:
13406:
13400:
13397:
13395:
13392:
13390:
13387:
13385:
13382:
13380:
13377:
13376:
13374:
13370:
13364:
13361:
13359:
13356:
13354:
13351:
13349:
13346:
13344:
13341:
13339:
13336:
13334:
13331:
13329:
13326:
13325:
13323:
13319:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13298:
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13290:
13288:
13285:
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13282:
13278:
13272:
13269:
13267:
13264:
13262:
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13257:
13254:
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13247:
13244:
13242:
13239:
13237:
13234:
13232:
13229:
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13222:
13216:
13213:
13211:
13208:
13206:
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13201:
13198:
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13182:
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13140:
13134:
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13119:
13116:
13114:
13111:
13109:
13106:
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13101:
13099:
13096:
13095:
13093:
13089:
13083:
13080:
13078:
13075:
13073:
13070:
13068:
13065:
13063:
13060:
13059:
13057:
13053:
13047:
13044:
13042:
13039:
13037:
13034:
13032:
13029:
13027:
13024:
13022:
13019:
13017:
13014:
13012:
13009:
13008:
13006:
13002:
12996:
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12991:
12988:
12986:
12983:
12981:
12978:
12976:
12973:
12971:
12968:
12966:
12963:
12961:
12958:
12957:
12955:
12951:
12945:
12942:
12940:
12937:
12935:
12932:
12931:
12929:
12925:
12919:
12916:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12896:
12895:
12893:
12889:
12883:
12880:
12878:
12875:
12873:
12870:
12868:
12865:
12864:
12862:
12858:
12852:
12849:
12847:
12844:
12842:
12839:
12837:
12834:
12832:
12829:
12828:
12826:
12822:
12816:
12813:
12811:
12808:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12793:
12791:
12788:
12787:
12785:
12781:
12777:
12772:
12768:
12761:
12756:
12754:
12749:
12747:
12742:
12741:
12738:
12726:
12723:
12721:
12718:
12716:
12713:
12712:
12710:
12706:
12700:
12697:
12695:
12692:
12690:
12687:
12685:
12682:
12680:
12677:
12673:
12670:
12668:
12665:
12664:
12663:
12660:
12658:
12655:
12653:
12650:
12648:
12645:
12643:
12640:
12638:
12635:
12633:
12630:
12628:
12625:
12623:
12620:
12618:
12615:
12613:
12610:
12608:
12607:Bateau-Lavoir
12605:
12603:
12600:
12599:
12597:
12593:
12587:
12584:
12582:
12579:
12577:
12574:
12572:
12569:
12567:
12564:
12562:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12543:
12541:
12539:
12535:
12529:
12526:
12524:
12521:
12519:
12516:
12514:
12511:
12509:
12506:
12504:
12501:
12499:
12496:
12494:
12491:
12489:
12486:
12484:
12481:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12468:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12455:
12452:
12450:
12447:
12446:
12445:
12442:
12438:
12435:
12433:
12430:
12429:
12428:
12425:
12423:
12420:
12417:
12413:
12412:Petit Trianon
12409:
12408:Grand Trianon
12405:
12401:
12398:
12396:
12393:
12391:
12388:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12376:
12373:
12371:
12368:
12366:
12363:
12361:
12358:
12357:
12355:
12353:
12349:
12343:
12340:
12336:
12335:
12331:
12330:
12329:
12326:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12310:
12308:
12304:
12298:
12295:
12293:
12290:
12288:
12285:
12283:
12280:
12278:
12275:
12273:
12270:
12268:
12265:
12263:
12260:
12258:
12255:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12229:
12227:
12223:
12217:
12214:
12212:
12209:
12207:
12204:
12202:
12199:
12197:
12194:
12192:
12189:
12187:
12184:
12182:
12181:Parc de Bercy
12179:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12169:
12167:
12164:
12162:
12159:
12155:
12152:
12151:
12150:
12147:
12143:
12140:
12139:
12138:
12135:
12134:
12132:
12130:
12126:
12120:
12117:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12102:
12100:
12097:
12095:
12092:
12090:
12087:
12085:
12082:
12080:
12079:Rue Mondétour
12077:
12075:
12074:Rue Rambuteau
12072:
12070:
12069:Rue Radziwill
12067:
12065:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12024:Rue de Rivoli
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11990:
11987:
11985:
11984:Rue Bonaparte
11982:
11980:
11977:
11975:
11972:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11962:
11960:
11959:Pont des Arts
11957:
11955:
11952:
11950:
11947:
11945:
11942:
11940:
11939:Place Vendôme
11937:
11935:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11917:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11872:
11870:
11867:
11865:
11862:
11860:
11857:
11855:
11852:
11850:
11847:
11845:
11844:Latin Quarter
11842:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11804:
11803:
11800:
11798:
11795:
11793:
11792:Champ de Mars
11790:
11788:
11785:
11783:
11780:
11778:
11775:
11773:
11770:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11755:
11754:
11752:
11750:and waterways
11744:
11738:
11735:
11731:
11728:
11727:
11726:
11723:
11721:
11718:
11714:
11711:
11710:
11709:
11706:
11704:
11701:
11699:
11698:Hôtel Lambert
11696:
11694:
11691:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11678:Hôtel de Sens
11676:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11664:
11661:
11659:
11656:
11654:
11651:
11649:
11646:
11644:
11643:Élysée Palace
11641:
11640:
11638:
11632:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11608:
11606:
11603:
11601:
11598:
11596:
11595:Saint-Sulpice
11593:
11591:
11588:
11586:
11583:
11581:
11578:
11576:
11573:
11571:
11568:
11566:
11563:
11561:
11558:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11546:
11543:
11541:
11538:
11536:
11533:
11531:
11528:
11526:
11523:
11521:
11518:
11516:
11513:
11511:
11508:
11506:
11503:
11501:
11498:
11496:
11493:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11457:
11455:
11453:
11449:
11443:
11440:
11436:
11433:
11432:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11415:Musée Picasso
11413:
11411:
11410:Musée Pasteur
11408:
11406:
11405:Musée d'Orsay
11403:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11306:
11303:
11301:
11298:
11296:
11293:
11291:
11288:
11286:
11283:
11281:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11261:
11258:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11247:
11243:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11224:
11222:
11219:
11215:
11214:
11210:
11209:
11208:
11205:
11203:
11200:
11198:
11195:
11193:
11192:Opéra Garnier
11190:
11188:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11178:
11177:Luxor Obelisk
11175:
11173:
11170:
11168:
11167:Les Invalides
11165:
11163:
11162:
11158:
11156:
11153:
11151:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11121:Gare de l'Est
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11078:
11076:
11074:
11070:
11066:
11059:
11054:
11052:
11047:
11045:
11040:
11039:
11036:
11023:
11020:
11019:
11017:
11013:
11007:
11006:Sully–Morland
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10968:
10966:
10962:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10940:
10937:
10934:
10931:
10929:
10926:
10924:
10921:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10908:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10895:
10892:
10891:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10844:Hôtel de Sens
10842:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10832:
10830:
10827:
10825:
10822:
10821:
10819:
10815:
10809:
10806:
10803:
10800:
10799:
10797:
10793:
10787:
10784:
10783:
10781:
10775:
10768:
10765:
10764:
10762:
10758:
10754:
10747:
10742:
10740:
10735:
10733:
10728:
10727:
10724:
10712:
10707:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10696:
10693:
10688:
10677:
10674:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10661:
10659:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10622:
10620:
10617:
10615:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10601:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10559:
10557:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10538:
10535:
10532:
10530:
10527:
10524:
10521:
10518:
10515:
10512:
10510:
10507:
10504:
10502:
10499:
10496:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10397:
10394:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10351:
10348:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10264:
10261:
10258:
10255:
10252:
10249:
10246:
10243:
10240:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10226:
10223:
10220:
10217:
10214:
10211:
10208:
10205:
10202:
10199:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10185:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10144:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10134:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10121:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10092:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10044:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10014:
10012:
10010:
10006:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9991:
9988:
9979:
9974:
9972:
9967:
9965:
9960:
9959:
9956:
9944:
9941:
9940:
9938:
9934:
9927:
9926:
9922:
9919:
9918:
9914:
9911:
9910:
9906:
9903:
9902:
9898:
9895:
9894:
9890:
9887:
9886:
9882:
9879:
9878:
9874:
9871:
9868:(1831 novel,
9867:
9866:
9862:
9859:
9858:
9854:
9851:
9850:
9846:
9845:
9843:
9837:
9831:
9830:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9818:Andrew Tallon
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9785:
9783:
9779:
9773:
9770:
9767:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9744:
9742:
9738:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9718:
9716:
9712:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9690:
9687:
9684:
9681:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9659:
9657:
9653:
9649:
9644:
9640:
9633:
9628:
9626:
9621:
9619:
9614:
9613:
9610:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9574:
9565:
9562:
9550:
9546:
9545:
9541:
9536:
9532:
9531:
9512:
9508:
9504:
9503:
9498:
9497:
9485:
9479:
9475:
9470:
9466:
9465:
9460:
9456:
9454:
9453:2-204-02087-7
9450:
9446:
9442:
9438:
9436:9782859620028
9432:
9428:
9427:
9422:
9418:
9416:
9415:2-86959-795-9
9412:
9408:
9404:
9400:
9396:
9395:
9389:
9387:
9383:
9379:
9375:
9372:. Al. Picard.
9371:
9370:
9364:
9360:
9356:
9352:
9348:
9342:
9338:
9333:
9329:
9323:
9319:
9314:
9310:
9304:
9300:
9295:
9291:
9289:9782840502104
9285:
9281:
9280:
9274:
9270:
9266:
9262:
9258:
9254:
9252:9782848671178
9248:
9244:
9240:
9235:
9231:
9230:
9223:
9219:
9218:
9213:
9209:
9205:
9203:2-08-011539-1
9199:
9195:
9190:
9186:
9180:
9176:
9171:
9168:. Le Brument.
9167:
9162:
9158:
9154:
9149:
9145:
9144:
9138:
9137:
9128:
9124:
9120:
9116:
9112:
9106:
9101:
9100:
9093:
9089:
9087:0-295-98093-1
9083:
9079:
9078:
9072:
9068:
9066:9780271086224
9062:
9058:
9054:
9049:
9045:
9041:
9037:
9032:
9029:
9025:
9021:
9017:
9015:9781984880253
9011:
9007:
9003:
8999:
8996:
8992:
8988:
8985:
8981:
8977:
8973:
8969:
8965:
8961:
8957:
8953:
8949:
8948:
8942:
8938:
8936:0-8308-3279-3
8932:
8928:
8924:
8920:
8917:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8897:
8893:
8889:
8888:
8883:
8879:
8878:
8857:
8841:
8835:
8819:
8818:
8813:
8807:
8791:
8790:
8783:
8767:
8763:
8757:
8749:
8748:
8740:
8732:
8725:
8709:
8705:
8699:
8691:
8690:
8685:
8681:
8675:
8666:
8657:
8651:Sandron 2005.
8648:
8646:
8644:
8627:
8623:
8622:
8614:
8605:
8596:
8581:
8574:
8566:
8564:2-87754-056-1
8560:
8556:
8549:
8540:
8525:
8521:
8514:
8512:
8504:
8499:
8483:
8480:(in French).
8479:
8473:
8471:
8469:
8467:
8450:
8446:
8440:
8424:
8420:
8414:
8407:
8402:
8400:
8383:
8379:
8373:
8364:
8357:
8351:
8349:
8332:
8328:
8324:
8323:
8318:
8312:
8296:
8292:
8291:
8286:
8279:
8264:
8263:
8258:
8251:
8244:
8238:
8229:
8220:
8211:
8203:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8175:
8171:
8167:
8163:
8159:
8152:
8137:
8136:
8131:
8124:
8116:
8115:
8110:
8103:
8095:
8091:
8084:
8076:
8072:
8066:
8058:
8054:
8047:
8031:
8030:
8025:
8018:
8002:
7998:
7992:
7976:
7972:
7966:
7959:
7946:
7942:
7936:
7928:
7921:
7905:
7901:
7895:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7875:
7869:
7861:
7857:
7850:
7842:
7838:
7835:(in French).
7834:
7828:
7812:
7808:
7802:
7793:
7777:
7773:
7767:
7758:
7750:
7746:
7743:Bacon, John.
7739:
7731:
7727:
7720:
7705:
7704:
7699:
7692:
7684:
7680:
7673:
7657:
7653:
7646:
7630:
7626:
7619:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7585:
7570:
7566:
7562:
7558:
7551:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7517:
7501:
7497:
7491:
7475:
7471:
7465:
7449:
7445:
7441:
7435:
7428:
7423:
7407:
7406:
7401:
7395:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7368:
7362:
7347:
7346:
7341:
7334:
7318:
7314:
7308:
7291:
7286:
7282:
7275:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7245:
7229:
7225:
7221:
7215:
7200:
7196:
7189:
7173:
7169:
7162:
7146:
7142:
7141:
7135:
7127:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7093:
7091:
7074:
7070:
7066:
7059:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7028:
7012:
7008:
7003:
6995:
6979:
6975:
6971:
6965:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6935:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6904:
6889:
6888:
6883:
6876:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6845:
6829:
6825:
6819:
6803:
6799:
6793:
6777:
6771:
6756:
6752:
6745:
6730:
6729:
6724:
6717:
6702:
6698:
6691:
6675:
6674:
6669:
6663:
6647:
6643:
6636:
6620:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6604:
6597:. p. 15.
6596:
6595:
6587:
6571:
6567:
6560:
6552:
6540:
6536:
6530:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6501:
6485:
6481:
6474:
6472:
6456:
6455:
6450:
6443:
6428:
6427:
6422:
6415:
6407:
6403:
6397:
6381:
6380:
6375:
6369:
6361:
6355:
6351:
6350:
6342:
6334:
6330:
6324:
6316:
6315:
6310:
6304:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6286:9782900791608
6282:
6278:
6271:
6262:
6255:
6250:
6243:
6237:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6217:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6198:
6182:
6176:
6169:
6164:
6156:
6152:
6146:
6139:
6134:
6127:
6122:
6116:, p. 18.
6115:
6110:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6080:
6072:
6068:
6062:
6046:
6042:
6038:
6032:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6001:
5999:
5997:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5976:
5974:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5959:History Today
5955:
5951:
5945:
5938:
5933:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5902:
5900:
5892:
5887:
5880:
5875:
5873:
5866:, p. 68.
5865:
5860:
5853:
5848:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5813:
5807:, p. 25.
5806:
5801:
5792:
5785:
5783:
5766:
5763:(in French).
5762:
5758:
5752:
5736:
5733:(in French).
5732:
5731:
5726:
5719:
5717:
5697:
5691:
5689:
5679:
5670:
5662:
5656:
5645:
5644:
5636:
5627:
5618:
5616:
5600:
5596:
5589:
5582:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5556:
5552:
5551:"Paris facts"
5546:
5530:
5526:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5462:
5456:
5451:
5443:
5439:
5432:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5402:
5387:
5383:
5376:
5368:
5366:0-7126-1279-3
5362:
5358:
5351:
5347:
5330:
5323:
5319:
5313:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5276:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5197:
5191:
5186:
5183:
5177:
5172:
5169:
5168:France portal
5158:
5147:
5140:
5135:
5128:
5123:
5116:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5097:
5092:
5089:
5088:Last Judgment
5085:
5079:
5074:
5071:
5065:
5060:
5057:of Notre-Dame
5056:
5050:
5045:
5042:of Notre-Dame
5041:
5034:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5015:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4996:
4991:
4984:
4979:
4976:
4969:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4956:Last Judgment
4953:
4949:
4946:Notre-Dame's
4942:
4937:
4930:
4925:
4922:
4919:19th-century
4915:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4902:Henri Le Secq
4899:
4898:Charles Nègre
4892:
4887:
4880:
4875:
4868:
4863:
4862:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4840:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4824:
4820:
4819:church fabric
4815:
4813:
4804:
4799:
4782:
4777:
4770:
4765:
4758:
4753:
4746:
4741:
4734:
4729:
4722:
4717:
4710:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4695:
4692:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4639:largest bells
4636:
4619:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4582:Olivier Latry
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4564:Yves Devernay
4562:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4514:Joseph Pollet
4512:
4507:
4502:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4463:Nicolas Séjan
4461:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4399:
4387:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:Saint Sulpice
4317:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4299:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4225:
4209:
4193:
4191:Violoncelle 8
4190:
4187:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4113:
4097:
4094:
4078:
4062:
4046:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4000:
3997:
3995:Tuba magna 16
3994:
3991:
3988:
3972:
3956:
3939:
3937:Doublette 2 *
3936:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3844:
3828:
3812:
3809:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3613:
3610:
3594:
3592:Flûte douce 4
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3429:chamade stops
3425:
3423:
3422:Barker levers
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3374:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3315:
3310:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3257:tomb effigies
3254:
3250:
3244:
3237:
3227:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3146:New Testament
3143:
3142:Old Testament
3139:
3138:Saint Eustace
3135:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3099:
3094:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3070:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2973:Last Judgment
2970:
2961:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2931:on the façade
2930:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2883:Last Judgment
2880:
2874:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2834:Last Judgment
2828:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2775:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2736:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2705:
2702:
2695:
2690:
2683:
2678:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2653:
2637:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2613:
2608:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2541:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2521:rendition of
2520:
2516:
2515:Judith Chemla
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2389:
2384:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2205:air pollution
2201:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2161:Raymond Belle
2157:
2155:
2154:André Malraux
2150:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2034:Paris Commune
2030:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1837:
1834:replaced the
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1802:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1770:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1690:, now in the
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1669:Jean Jouvenet
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1577:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1471:Andrew Tallon
1468:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:Saint Stephen
1408:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1354:Latin Emperor
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1336:Third Crusade
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1225:In 1160, the
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:André Malraux
1084:
1081:
1078:
1077:Pope Pius XII
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:Paris Commune
1038:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:Pope Pius VII
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
986:
983:
980:
976:
972:
969:
966:
965:Paris Commune
962:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
942:
938:
934:
931:
928:
924:
921:
918:
914:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
894:
891:
888:
879:
876:
867:
864:
860:
856:
848:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
826:
823:
819:
816:
813:
809:
806:
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789:
785:
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778:
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771:
767:
763:
759:
758:
753:
749:
745:
744:French nation
741:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:
713:(in English:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
681:Built during
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
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649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
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623:
619:
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594:
585:
581:
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573:
569:
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561:
557:
553:
549:
547:Official name
545:
541:
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520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
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487:
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467:
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457:
456:Olivier Latry
454:
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298:
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279:
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273:
269:
265:
262:
261:French Gothic
259:
257:
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112:
108:
105:
101:
96:
67:
63:
59:
53:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
12720:Art in Paris
12679:Paris Musées
12657:Moulin Rouge
12622:Café Procope
12576:Paris-Plages
12561:Nuit Blanche
12498:Parc Astérix
12432:Grande Arche
12332:
12225:Sport venues
12201:Parc Monceau
12054:Rue Foyatier
11859:Montparnasse
11737:Palais-Royal
11625:Val-de-Grâce
11504:
11500:La Madeleine
11485:Grand Mosque
11340:Musée Guimet
11335:Musée Grévin
11211:
11161:Jeanne d'Arc
11159:
11150:Petit Palais
11146:Grand Palais
11131:Gare du Nord
11126:Gare de Lyon
11111:Eiffel Tower
11106:Conciergerie
10888:
10453:
9923:
9915:
9912:(2005 novel)
9907:
9899:
9891:
9883:
9877:The Bohemian
9875:
9863:
9855:
9847:
9828:
9714:Architecture
9638:
9584:(in English)
9567:(in English)
9553:. Retrieved
9538:
9515:. Retrieved
9511:the original
9501:
9473:
9463:
9444:
9425:
9402:
9393:
9377:
9368:
9361:. A. Picard.
9358:
9336:
9317:
9298:
9282:. Sorbonne.
9278:
9268:
9238:
9227:
9216:
9193:
9174:
9165:
9156:
9152:
9142:
9126:
9098:
9076:
9056:
9035:
9023:
9005:
9002:Follett, Ken
8990:
8983:
8951:
8945:
8926:
8915:
8891:
8885:
8856:
8844:. Retrieved
8834:
8822:. Retrieved
8815:
8806:
8794:. Retrieved
8788:
8782:
8770:. Retrieved
8765:
8756:
8746:
8739:
8730:
8724:
8712:. Retrieved
8707:
8698:
8689:Encyclopédie
8687:
8674:
8665:
8656:
8630:. Retrieved
8626:the original
8620:
8613:
8604:
8595:
8583:. Retrieved
8573:
8554:
8548:
8539:
8527:. Retrieved
8523:
8502:
8498:
8486:. Retrieved
8453:. Retrieved
8439:
8427:. Retrieved
8413:
8406:Wenzler 2018
8386:. Retrieved
8381:
8372:
8363:
8355:
8335:. Retrieved
8331:the original
8320:
8311:
8299:. Retrieved
8288:
8278:
8266:. Retrieved
8260:
8250:
8242:
8237:
8228:
8219:
8210:
8165:
8161:
8151:
8139:. Retrieved
8135:Ars Technica
8133:
8123:
8114:ScienceAlert
8112:
8102:
8093:
8083:
8074:
8065:
8056:
8046:
8034:. Retrieved
8029:The Guardian
8027:
8017:
8007:19 September
8005:. Retrieved
8000:
7991:
7979:. Retrieved
7974:
7965:
7956:
7949:. Retrieved
7944:
7935:
7926:
7920:
7908:. Retrieved
7903:
7894:
7886:the original
7877:
7868:
7849:
7841:the original
7827:
7815:. Retrieved
7810:
7801:
7792:
7780:. Retrieved
7775:
7766:
7757:
7748:
7738:
7729:
7719:
7707:. Retrieved
7701:
7691:
7682:
7672:
7660:. Retrieved
7655:
7645:
7633:. Retrieved
7628:
7618:
7606:. Retrieved
7594:
7584:
7572:. Retrieved
7560:
7550:
7538:. Retrieved
7527:The Guardian
7526:
7516:
7504:. Retrieved
7499:
7490:
7478:. Retrieved
7464:
7452:. Retrieved
7443:
7434:
7426:
7422:
7410:. Retrieved
7403:
7394:
7382:. Retrieved
7370:
7361:
7349:. Retrieved
7343:
7333:
7321:. Retrieved
7316:
7307:
7295:. Retrieved
7290:the original
7284:
7274:
7262:. Retrieved
7254:The Guardian
7253:
7244:
7232:. Retrieved
7223:
7214:
7202:. Retrieved
7198:
7188:
7176:. Retrieved
7161:
7149:. Retrieved
7138:
7126:
7114:. Retrieved
7102:
7077:. Retrieved
7068:
7058:
7046:. Retrieved
7037:
7027:
7015:. Retrieved
7006:
6994:
6982:. Retrieved
6978:the original
6973:
6964:
6952:. Retrieved
6948:the original
6943:
6934:
6922:. Retrieved
6918:the original
6913:
6903:
6891:. Retrieved
6885:
6875:
6863:. Retrieved
6859:the original
6854:
6844:
6832:. Retrieved
6828:the original
6818:
6806:. Retrieved
6801:
6792:
6780:. Retrieved
6770:
6758:. Retrieved
6754:
6744:
6732:. Retrieved
6726:
6716:
6704:. Retrieved
6700:
6690:
6678:. Retrieved
6671:
6662:
6650:. Retrieved
6648:. p. A6
6645:
6635:
6623:. Retrieved
6619:the original
6612:
6603:
6592:
6586:
6574:. Retrieved
6572:. p. A4
6569:
6559:
6551:Deseret News
6549:– via
6543:. Retrieved
6539:The Guardian
6538:
6529:
6517:. Retrieved
6510:
6500:
6488:. Retrieved
6486:. p. A4
6483:
6458:. Retrieved
6452:
6442:
6430:. Retrieved
6424:
6414:
6405:
6396:
6384:. Retrieved
6377:
6368:
6348:
6341:
6332:
6323:
6312:
6303:
6276:
6270:
6261:
6254:Cabezas 1988
6249:
6241:
6236:
6211:
6207:
6197:
6185:. Retrieved
6175:
6168:Herrick 2004
6163:
6154:
6145:
6133:
6121:
6109:
6097:. Retrieved
6093:the original
6079:
6070:
6061:
6049:. Retrieved
6045:the original
6040:
6031:
6019:. Retrieved
6015:the original
6010:
5984:
5957:
5952:(May 1982).
5944:
5932:
5920:. Retrieved
5916:the original
5911:
5886:
5864:Delisle 1873
5859:
5847:
5830:
5824:
5817:Henriet 2005
5812:
5800:
5790:
5769:. Retrieved
5760:
5751:
5739:. Retrieved
5728:
5703:. Retrieved
5678:
5669:
5642:
5635:
5626:
5602:. Retrieved
5598:
5588:
5561:15 September
5559:. Retrieved
5545:
5533:. Retrieved
5529:the original
5492:. Retrieved
5488:the original
5483:
5473:
5461:
5450:
5441:
5431:
5419:. Retrieved
5410:
5401:
5389:. Retrieved
5385:
5375:
5356:
5350:
5329:
5312:
5284:
5279:
5145:
5004:
4846:
4828:
4816:
4809:
4696:
4688:
4684:
4675:
4659:
4632:
4603:(since 2024)
4597:(since 2016)
4584:(since 1985)
4546:Louis Vierne
4527:Félix Danjou
4381:Jean Racquet
4328:
4315:
4313:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4296:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4272:Chamade GO 4
4271:
4267:Chamade GO 8
4266:
4163:Principal 32
4007:
4006:
3917:Prestant 4 *
3900:
3895:
3888:Chamade GO 4
3887:
3883:Chamade GO 8
3882:
3870:Fourniture V
3785:Principal 16
3766:Chamade GO 4
3765:
3760:
3755:
3735:
3720:
3708:Clarinette 8
3656:Quintaton 16
3651:
3639:Clarinette 8
3630:Fourniture V
3577:Salicional 8
3560:
3555:
3541:
3449:
3445:
3437:
3426:
3410:Louis Vierne
3403:
3379:
3359:
3350:The tomb of
3278:
3265:
3260:
3255:, some with
3246:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3203:
3196:
3181:
3179:at the top.
3157:Adam and Eve
3150:
3126:
3117:
3114:
3110:rose windows
3107:
3041:
3024:
3020:
3011:
2985:
2966:
2943:Allegory of
2815:
2813:
2798:Jean Verdier
2783:
2776:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2757:
2714:The rooster
2650:
2590:choir screen
2559:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2529:
2522:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2474:
2471:
2459:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2350:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2320:fire brigade
2313:
2310:
2287:
2280:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2224:21st century
2202:
2195:
2180:
2168:Requiem Mass
2165:
2158:
2151:
2145:and General
2139:
2128:20th century
2031:
2023:
2018:
2015:Saint Thomas
1988:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1938:
1876:Neoclassical
1841:
1812:
1759:Jean Fouquet
1750:
1687:
1686:painted his
1673:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1636:
1633:
1618:The fountain
1616:
1605:
1598:
1587:
1494:
1486:
1480:
1475:
1464:
1454:
1396:
1369:
1340:
1328:clerestories
1324:Papal legate
1305:ambulatories
1303:and its two
1298:
1257:
1244:
1241:Construction
1235:Gothic style
1224:
1205:
1170:
1112:
1106:
1092:
1082:
1064:
1050:
1036:
1022:
1008:
998:
984:
970:
956:
950:
932:
922:
908:
902:
892:
880:
868:
865:, completed.
849:
844:rose windows
828:1182 or 1185
827:
817:
807:
781:
755:
737:
714:
710:
680:
676:church bells
660:rose windows
617:
613:
592:
591:
362:Spire height
343:Tower height
232:Architecture
144:Latin Church
126:Denomination
36:
13513:Ordinariate
12662:Paris Métro
12461:Exploradôme
12232:Accor Arena
12154:Parc floral
12059:Rue Molière
12049:Rue Elzévir
11974:Rive Gauche
11949:Pont d'Iéna
11864:Place Diana
11762:Avenue Foch
11636:and palaces
11425:Musée Rodin
11260:Army Museum
11207:Place Diana
10777:Primary and
9928:(2022 film)
9870:adaptations
9700:2017 attack
9588:(in French)
9571:(in French)
9405:, Editions
9028:McGraw-Hill
7658:(in French)
7631:(in French)
7427:Le Parisien
7412:26 December
7384:26 December
7170:. Reuters.
7116:15 November
6924:14 February
6460:10 November
5950:Allmand, C.
5937:Inglis 2003
5701:(in French)
5466:Ducher 1988
5391:23 December
5287:, meaning "
5106:Joan of Arc
5040:rose window
4591: [
4578:(1985–2019)
4572:(1985–2015)
4566:(1985–1990)
4560:(1955–1984)
4554:(1937–1954)
4548:(1900–1937)
4542:(1847–1900)
4536: [
4529:(1840–1847)
4523:(1834–1840)
4517: [
4510:(1806–1834)
4504: [
4497:(1802–1806)
4491: [
4484:(1783–1793)
4478:(1772–1783)
4472: [
4465:(1772–1793)
4459:(1761–1772)
4453:(1760–1793)
4447:(1755–1789)
4441:(1755–1772)
4435:(1755–1761)
4429: [
4422:(1755–1760)
4416:(1730–1755)
4410:(1689–1730)
4404: [
4395: 1643
4384: [
4377:(1618–1643)
4371:(1610–1616)
4365: [
4358:(1609–1610)
4352: [
4345:(1600–1609)
4339: [
4287:Régale 2/16
4254:Trompette 8
4248:Bombarde 16
4169:Soubasse 16
4136:Cymbale III
4130:Flageolet 1
4019:Principal 8
4005:Cornet V 8
3998:Trompette 8
3914:Bourdon 8 *
3911:Principal 8
3861:Doublette 2
3702:Trompette 8
3699:Bombarde 16
3611:Doublette 2
3532:Trompette 8
3529:Bombarde 16
3520:Doublette 2
3461:II. Positif
3414:Rolls-Royce
3368:Great organ
3324: 1746
3165:Saint Peter
3118:claire-voie
2977:Virgin Mary
2578: [
2563:sarcophagus
2503:Good Friday
2341:contractors
2290:Montpellier
2246:side aisles
2032:During the
1976:Legitimists
1962:Victor Hugo
1909:Arrival of
1872:whitewashed
1836:Virgin Mary
1766: 1450
1680:Virgin Mary
1667:painted by
1665:Visitation,
1658:grands mays
1638:grands mays
1621: [
1601:Renaissance
1599:During the
1449:rood screen
1441: [
1430: [
1365:under-shirt
1291:, drawn by
1262:cornerstone
1250: [
1177:Gallo-Roman
987:– With the
885: 1210
873: 1210
854: 1200
834:completed,
808:4th century
788:Christendom
764:(currently
707:Victor Hugo
695:desecration
640:Virgin Mary
612:; meaning "
464: [
451:Organist(s)
397:Archdiocese
267:Years built
212:Consecrated
90: /
13611:Categories
12427:La Défense
12306:Cemeteries
11854:Montmartre
11590:Saint-Roch
11525:Sacré-Cœur
11270:Carnavalet
11024:(hospital)
11022:Hôtel-Dieu
11015:Healthcare
11001:Saint-Paul
10991:Pont Marie
10829:Berthillon
10767:The Marais
9841:depictions
9762:Sculptures
9740:Collection
9726:Sculptures
9044:2010554460
8869:References
7709:26 October
5986:Libération
5581:Lours 2018
5285:Notre Dame
5146:Point Zéro
5021:Louis XIII
4826:platform.
4812:clepsydras
4796:See also:
4653:, and the
4637:. The two
4322:in Paris,
4025:Prestant 4
4016:Bourdon 16
3876:Cromorne 8
3810:Prestant 4
3729:Hautbois 8
3726:Cornet V 8
3659:Diapason 8
3589:Prestant 4
3574:Bourdon 16
3514:Prestant 4
3499:Bourdon 16
3466:III. Récit
3332:Bellefonds
3328:Vintimille
3253:sarcophagi
3241:See also:
3169:Saint Paul
2988:grotesques
2981:Saint Anne
2808:See also:
2761:contrefort
2745:Statue of
2519:a cappella
2351:President
2238:clerestory
2210:pipe organ
2183:Magnificat
2181:After the
2047:Hôtel-Dieu
1915:coronation
1813:After the
1801:baptistery
1612:idolatrous
1540:rib vaults
1520:ambulatory
1357:Baldwin II
1313:high altar
1212:baptistery
1208:Romanesque
1045:Communards
893:After 1220
836:clerestory
796:True Cross
729:Magnificat
668:sculptural
664:naturalism
662:, and the
618:Notre-Dame
574:PA00086250
563:Designated
558:Cathédrale
510:Designated
414:Archbishop
351:Number of
332:Number of
201:Founder(s)
75:48°51′11″N
12667:entrances
12114:Trocadéro
11979:Rue Basse
11964:Pont Neuf
11849:Le Marais
11817:Panoramas
11101:Catacombs
11073:Landmarks
10996:Rambuteau
10859:Le Marais
10817:Landmarks
9705:2019 fire
9119:469571482
8976:190312592
8632:3 January
8585:1 January
8503:Le Figaro
8141:6 January
8001:France 24
7981:5 October
7927:Le Figaro
7776:France 24
7749:USA Today
7629:Le Figaro
7603:0960-6556
7569:0960-6556
7535:0261-3077
7379:0971-751X
7371:The Hindu
7111:0362-4331
6887:U.S. News
6855:Le Figaro
6834:7 January
6755:The Times
6673:USA Today
6614:L'Express
6594:The Times
6228:0048-7988
6011:USA Today
5655:cite book
5643:Basilicas
5341:Citations
5283:The name
5271:Footnotes
5025:Louis XIV
4921:vestments
4906:Le Stryge
4843:Ownership
4310:Organists
4260:Clairon 4
4251:Basson 16
4226:Septième
4154:Tremblant
4139:Basson 16
4031:Neuvième
4022:Bourdon 8
4001:Clairon 4
3989:Piccolo 1
3973:Septième
3873:Cymbale V
3845:Septième
3746:Chamade 4
3736:Chamades:
3714:Clairon 4
3696:Octavin 2
3633:Cymbale V
3583:Bourdon 8
3571:Montre 16
3549:Chamade 4
3546:Chamade 8
3542:Chamades:
3535:Clairon 4
3511:Bourdon 8
3280:chapels.
3259:(French:
3211:grisaille
2914:Gargoyles
2716:reliquary
2546:Sylvatest
2524:Ave Maria
2475:Le Figaro
2301:2019 fire
2269:historian
2242:triforium
1842:With the
1785:Louis XIV
1704:gargoyles
1608:Huguenots
1556:pinnacles
1427:Jean Ravy
1399:Rayonnant
1371:Transepts
1195:and four
1023:1844–1864
985:1801–1802
977:and then
959:– In the
951:1725–1727
909:1250–1260
903:1235–1245
820:– Bishop
802:Key dates
774:Dominican
709:'s novel
652:rib vault
628:cathedral
505:I, II, IV
375:Limestone
371:Materials
292:Completed
270:1163–1345
183:Cathedral
138:Sui iuris
78:2°20′59″E
13542:See also
12637:La Ruche
12586:Solidays
11832:Jouffroy
11812:Choiseul
11231:Sorbonne
11197:Panthéon
10976:Châtelet
10971:Bastille
10941:(Church)
10935:(Church)
10894:Template
9839:Cultural
9517:24 April
9461:(1868).
9423:(1980).
9357:(1888).
9267:(1843).
9214:(1825).
9055:(2013).
9004:(2019).
8968:25067075
8925:(2004).
8846:29 April
8824:17 April
8766:CTV News
8714:27 April
8529:16 April
8488:3 August
8482:Archived
8455:5 August
8449:Archived
8447:. 1981.
8429:29 April
8388:27 April
8337:27 April
8301:15 April
8295:Archived
8202:36920957
8193:10016711
8162:PLOS ONE
8036:15 April
7951:15 April
7904:Le Monde
7817:10 March
7730:The Hill
7656:Le Monde
7540:17 April
7506:16 April
7480:15 April
7474:Archived
7454:15 April
7448:Archived
7444:BBC News
7405:CBS News
7351:16 April
7345:Metro UK
7323:17 April
7297:17 April
7264:15 April
7258:Archived
7234:15 April
7228:Archived
7224:BBC News
7204:21 April
7178:23 April
7172:Archived
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7079:15 April
7073:Archived
7048:15 April
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6944:BBC News
6893:24 April
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6706:16 April
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