498:(JA)-dependent signaling, and is most closely associated with crosstalk between the two. Modification of NPR1 serves to inhibit plant cells’ defensive responses by preventing SA-dependent signaling; modified NPR1 can properly traffic to the nucleus and bind the PR-1 promoter, but is unable to initiate transcription. Because active NPR1 is required for accumulation of SA, this leads to a further depletion of SA. Whereas regulation of SA-dependent signaling by P6-modified NPR1 is localized to the nucleus, regulation of JA-dependent signaling is cytoplasmic in nature and involves the COI1 pathway. In contrast to that of SA, JA-dependent signaling is increased in the presence of modified NPR1.
507:
357:. It causes high levels of gene expression in dicot plants. However, it is less effective in monocots, especially in cereals. The differences in behavior are probably due to differences in quality and/or quantity of regulatory factors. Recent study has indicated that the CaMV 35S promoter is also functional in some animal cells, although the promoter elements used are different from those in plants. While this promoter had low activity compared to canonical animal promoters, levels of reporter products were significant. This observation suggests that the 35S promoter may have potential for use in animals.
35:
618:
380:
207:
635:
for the production of factors involved in viral counter-defense. A number of hosts of CaMV possess small RNA-based viral silencing mechanisms that serve to limit viral infection. The products of the aforementioned 600-bp sequence are viral small RNAs (vsRNA) of 21, 22, and 24 nucleotides in length that serve as decoys, binding and inactivating effectors of host silencing machinery, such as
Argonaute 1 (
626:
protein P2 and P3 are first produced in numerous viral factories (electron-dense inclusion bodies), and are later exported and co-localize with microtubules, before concentrating in ELIB. CaMV specifically uses the microtubules to form the transmissible body and thus enable vector transmission. The complete molecular characterization and study of this virus was not carried further.
575:
strand of DNA reaches the 5′ end of the new β strand, it displaces the primer and some of the newly synthesized β strand, resulting in the recreation of discontinuity 2 (D2). When the new β strand of DNA reaches the 5′ end of the new γ strand, it displaces the primer and some of the newly synthesized γ strand, resulting in the recreation of discontinuity 3 (D3).
483:, P6 has been shown to interact with a number of other CaMV proteins, such as P2 and P3, suggesting that it may also contribute in some degree to viral assembly and aphid-mediated transmission. In addition, P6 has been shown to bind to P7; investigating interactions between the two may help to elucidate the as yet unknown function of P7.
601:
a result, only these two genes can be replaced/deleted without a loss of infectivity. In addition, modified CaMV genomes exceeding the natural genome size (8024 bp) by even a few hundred bp are not packaged into virions. These two factors seriously limit the size of DNA insert clonable in CaMV. The bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
613:
The virus is acquired from an infected host during feeding by the aphid vector. To occur, a transmissible complex is composed of virions and protein P2 located in the vector's stylets. The P2 N-terminal domain recognizes a protein receptor located at the tip of the stylet and the P2 C-terminal domain
600:
CaMV contains about 8 kb double-strand DNA genome and produces spherical particles. CaMV infections are systemic, and even its DNA is infectious when inoculated on abraded plant surfaces. The CaMV genome has 8 tightly packed genes, of which only two small genes, genes II and VII, are nonessential; as
647:
In the early 2010s, some concerns have been raised about using the CaMV 35S promoter for expression in transgenic plants because sequence overlap exists between this promoter and the coding sequences of P6. Fifty four transgenic events certified for release in the USA contain up to 528 bp of ORF VI
387:
This leader is followed by seven tightly arranged, longer ORFs that encode all the viral proteins. The mechanism of expression of these proteins is unique, in that the ORF VI protein (encoded by the 19S RNA) controls translation reinitiation of major open reading frames on the polycistronic 35S RNA,
652:
in the transgenic organisms. Recent studies have attempted to determine what length of CaMV 35S promoter has the least chance of inadvertently producing P6 domains, while still retaining full promoter activity. As one might expect, using shorter promoter lengths decreases the number of P6 domains
634:
Cauliflower mosaic virus possesses a number of mechanisms that allow it to counteract host plant cell defenses. While the pregenomic 35S RNA is responsible for genome replication by reverse transcriptase, it also contains a non-coding 600 base pair leader sequence that serves as an important mRNA
574:
RNase H activity exposes purine-rich regions at the position of discontinuity 2 (D2), which primes the synthesis of the β DNA strand. When the new γ strand of DNA reaches the 5′ end of the new α strand it switches to the 5′ end of the new α strand, recreating discontinuity 1 (D1). When the new γ
625:
The mode of acquisition by the vector is controlled by the tissue and intracellular-specific localization of P2. This protein is only found in epidermis and parenchyma cells. Moreover, in these cells, P2 is localized in single viral electron-lucent inclusion bodies (ELIB). In host cells, viral
590:
The cauliflower mosaic virus promoter (CaMV 35S) is used in most transgenic crops to activate foreign genes which have been artificially inserted into the host plant. It is inserted into transgenic plants in a form which is different from that found when it is present in its natural
526:
Viral particles enter a plant cell and are unencapsidated. At this stage the viral DNA consists of three fragments, one on the – strand (α) and two on the + strand (β and γ) which are imperfectly assembled into a circular genome with three gaps or discontinuities (D1, D2, and
506:
298:. CaMV induces a variety of systemic symptoms such as mosaic, necrotic lesions on leaf surfaces, stunted growth, and deformation of the overall plant structure. The symptoms exhibited vary depending on the viral strain, host ecotype, and environmental conditions.
330:
CaMV contains a circular double-stranded DNA molecule of about 8.0 kilobases, interrupted by nicks that result from the actions of RNAse H during reverse transcription. These nicks come from the Met-tRNA, and two RNA primers used in reverse transcription. After
364:
of the viral transcript, whose expression is naturally driven by this promoter, is 35S. It is one of the most widely used, general-purpose constitutive promoters. It was discovered at the beginning of the 1980s, by Chua and collaborators at The
545:
transcribes from the 35S promoter all the way around the viral genome, surpassing the 35S promoter. (This creates two copies of the 35S promoter in the resulting RNA.) Transcription also initiates at the 19S promoter (not
648:(encoding C-terminal domains of P6). As P6 is a multifunctional protein whose full range of functions is unknown, there is some concern that expression of one or more of its domains may have
1111:
Hemmings-Mieszczak, M.; Steger, G.; Hohn, T. (Apr 1997). "Alternative structures of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S RNA leader: implications for viral expression and replication".
671:"Virus taxonomy--1999. The universal system of virus taxonomy, updated to include the new proposals ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses during 1998"
335:
the host cell, these single stranded "nicks" in the viral DNA are repaired, forming a supercoiled molecule that binds to histones. This DNA is transcribed into a full length,
568:
This new DNA binds the 35S promoter at the 3′ end of the RNA template and synthesis of the α strand of DNA continues and RNase H continues to degrade RNA complexed to DNA.
571:
Synthesis of the α strand completes. RNase H activity exposes purine-rich regions at the position of discontinuity 3 (D3), which primes the synthesis of the γ DNA strand.
327:
with a diameter of 52 nm built from 420 capsid protein (CP) subunits arranged with a triangulation T = 7, which surrounds a solvent-filled central cavity.
1539:"Possible consequences of the overlap between the CaMV 35S promoter regions in plant transformation vectors used and the viral gene VI in transgenic plants"
1197:"Cauliflower mosaic virus major inclusion body protein interacts with the aphid transmission factor, the virion-associated protein, and gene VII product"
1580:
353:
of the 35S RNA is a very strong constitutive promoter responsible for the transcription of the whole CaMV genome. It is well known for its use in
1706:
1064:"Forced evolution reveals the importance of short open reading frame A and secondary structure in the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA leader"
1719:
1485:
Blevins, T.; Rajeswaran, R.; Aregger, M.; Borah, BK.; Schepetilnikov, M.; Baerlocher, L.; Farinelli, L.; Meins, F.; et al. (Jul 2011).
1757:
1586:
1693:
639:). As proof-of-principle, experimental overexpression of these vsRNAs allows for increased viral accumulation in infected plants.
1487:"Massive production of small RNAs from a non-coding region of Cauliflower mosaic virus in plant defense and viral counter-defense"
372:
The 35S RNA is particularly complex, containing a highly structured 600 nucleotide long leader sequence with six to eight short
821:
597:
plant hosts. This enables it to operate in a wide range of host-organism environments which would otherwise not be possible.
605:
gene has been successfully cloned into the CaMV genome, in place of gene II, and has been successfully expressed in plants.
1645:
1438:"A role for plant microtubules in the formation of transmission-specific inclusion bodies of Cauliflower mosaic virus"
735:
1724:
1246:"Cauliflower mosaic virus protein P6 inhibits signaling responses to salicylic acid and regulates innate immunity"
971:"Transient expression in mammalian cells of transgenes transcribed from the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter"
1340:"Structural insights into the molecular mechanisms of cauliflower mosaic virus transmission by its insect vector"
510:
A diagram depicting the steps in the genome replication of
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV). DNA is depicted in
1244:
Love, AJ.; Geri, C.; Laird, J.; Carr, C.; Yun, BW.; Loake, GJ.; Tada, Y.; Sadanandom, A.; Milner, JJ. (2012).
556:
The 3′ end of a tRNA anneals to a site corresponding to discontinuity 1 (D1) near the 5′ end of the 35S RNA.
542:
720:
Pararetroviruses and retroviruses: a comparative review of viral structure and gene expression strategies
34:
1752:
1013:
Fütterer, J.; Gordon, K.; Bonneville, JM.; Sanfaçon, H.; Pisan, B.; Penswick, J.; Hohn, T. (Sep 1988).
388:
a process that normally only happens on bacterial mRNAs. TAV function depends on its association with
765:
559:
The tRNA primes synthesis, by the viral reverse transcriptase (encoded by ORF V), of a new α strand.
970:
1338:
Hoh, F.; Uzest, M.; Drucker, M.; Plisson-Chastang, C.; Bron, P.; Blanc, S.; Dumas, C. (May 2010).
1747:
1711:
1607:
1015:"The leading sequence of caulimovirus large RNA can be folded into a large stem-loop structure"
649:
534:
where the discontinuities are filled in. At this point the viral DNA also associates with host
366:
955:
486:
Another function of P6 involves modification of host NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED 1 (
943:
282:(such as cauliflower and turnip) but some CaMV strains (D4 and W260) are also able to infect
183:
1594:
1667:
1257:
781:"Evaluation of the minimal replication time of Cauliflower mosaic virus in different hosts"
337:
29:
1436:
Martinière, A.; Gargani, D.; Uzest, M.; Lautredou, N.; Blanc, S.; Drucker, M. (Apr 2009).
8:
1303:
Laliberté, JF.; Sanfaçon, H. (2010). "Cellular remodeling during plant virus infection".
247:(all of which instead have an RNA genome replicated via a DNA intermediate) in the order
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727:
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1418:
1369:
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1169:
1128:
1093:
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1457:
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1408:
1400:
1359:
1351:
1312:
1275:
1265:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1159:
1148:"A plant viral reinitiation factor interacts with the host translational machinery"
1120:
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1026:
985:
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880:
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723:
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In addition to its functions regarding translational activation and formation of
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95:
83:
71:
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219:
175:
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119:
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Tepfer, M.; Gaubert, S.; Leroux-Coyau, M.; Prince, S.; Houdebine, LM. (2004).
1741:
1630:
1146:
Park, HS.; Himmelbach, A.; Browning, KS.; Hohn, T.; Ryabova, LA. (Sep 2001).
1030:
495:
265:
237:
225:
1389:"Aphid transmission of cauliflower mosaic virus: the role of the host plant"
617:
608:
451:): inclusion body Formation/trafficking; possibly other functions (see text)
1564:
1520:
1471:
1422:
1373:
1324:
1289:
1230:
1173:
1124:
999:
935:
845:
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531:
279:
259:, despite having a DNA genome replicated via an RNA intermediate (like the
249:
164:
131:
107:
1132:
1097:
1048:
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379:
1639:
1502:
1404:
1355:
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420:
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402:
332:
324:
301:
CaMV is transmitted in a non-circulatory manner by aphid species such as
231:
1698:
1555:
1538:
861:"Cauliflower mosaic virus: a 420 subunit (T = 7), multilayer structure"
393:
308:
283:
243:
187:
360:
The promoter was named CaMV 35S promoter ("35S promoter") because the
1680:
908:
Haas, M.; Bureau, M.; Geldreich, A.; Yot, P.; Keller, M. (Nov 2002).
550:
490:) during the course of infection. NPR1 is an important regulator of
294:
59:
1601:
1685:
1624:
820:
Brault, V.; Uzest, M.; Monsion, B.; Jacquot, E.; Blanc, S. (2010).
593:
535:
454:
ORF VII/VIII – unknown (appears note to be required for infection,
389:
361:
562:
206:
1012:
653:
included and also decreases the likelihood of unwanted effects.
565:
removes the RNA from the DNA–RNA duplex, leaving behind the DNA.
1672:
1435:
1337:
968:
580:
579:
At this point the new viral genome can either be packaged into
288:
263:), are more distantly related, belonging to the separate order
217:
The cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is a member of the family
1484:
179:
46:
1110:
643:
Concerns about use of CaMV 35S promoter in transgenic plants
779:
Khelifa, M.; Massé, D.; Blanc, S.; Drucker, M. (Jan 2010).
722:. Advances in Virus Research. Vol. 44. pp. 1–67.
636:
602:
487:
470:
1386:
1145:
442:): protease, bifunctional reverse transcriptase and RNaseH
819:
609:
Molecular mechanisms of vector-mediated CaMV transmission
583:
and released from the cell or they can be transported by
195:
191:
778:
1387:
Martinière, A.; Zancarini, A.; Drucker, M. (Jun 2009).
1104:
907:
717:
1061:
1302:
1243:
1194:
1062:Pooggin, MM.; Hohn, T.; FĂĽtterer, J. (May 1998).
1739:
1536:
1429:
1380:
718:Rothnie, HM.; Chapdelaine, Y.; Hohn, T. (1994).
1195:Lutz, L.; Raikhy, G.; Leisner, SM. (Dec 2012).
859:Cheng, RH.; Olson, NH.; Baker, TS. (Feb 1992).
858:
822:"Aphids as transport devices for plant viruses"
424:): structural protein, DNA-binding capabilities
409:ORF II – P2: aphid/insect transmission factor (
1296:
418:ORF III – P3: virion-associated protein (VAP,
910:"Cauliflower mosaic virus: still in the news"
1478:
1006:
629:
514:and RNA (including the tRNA) is depicted in
307:. Once introduced within a plant host cell,
1532:
1530:
1055:
772:
711:
662:
269:(both orders belong to the same class, the
223:. This family is grouped together with the
522:CaMV replicates by reverse transcription:
1554:
1510:
1461:
1412:
1363:
1279:
1269:
1237:
1220:
1188:
1163:
1139:
1087:
1038:
989:
925:
884:
852:
796:
694:
445:ORF VI – P6: transactivator/viroplasmin (
278:CaMV infects mostly plants of the family
1527:
1331:
901:
616:
378:
205:
668:
538:, forming a minichromosome (not shown).
1740:
962:
813:
168:, one of the six genera in the family
1606:
1605:
182:. Pararetroviruses replicate through
341:, 35S RNA and a subgenomic 19S RNA.
1537:Podevin, N.; du Jardin, P. (2012).
1317:10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114239
614:binds to the P3-decorated virions.
587:into an adjacent, uninfected cell.
13:
1758:Viral plant pathogens and diseases
549:The viral RNAs pass into the host
505:
190:, but the viral particles contain
14:
1769:
1574:
427:ORF IV – P4: capsid protein (CP,
1454:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03768.x
927:10.1046/j.1364-3703.2002.00136.x
33:
1080:10.1128/JVI.72.5.4157-4169.1998
1213:10.1016/j.virusres.2012.08.017
501:
400:ORF I – P1: movement protein (
1:
1165:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00487-1
728:10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60327-9
656:
621:Transmissible complex of CaMV
201:
1271:10.1371/journal.pone.0047535
877:10.1016/0042-6822(92)90032-k
543:DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
362:coefficient of sedimentation
318:
7:
798:10.1016/j.virol.2009.09.032
553:where they are transcribed.
162:) is a member of the genus
10:
1774:
838:10.1016/j.crvi.2010.04.001
518:See text for more details.
1614:
630:Evasion of plant defenses
530:The viral DNA enters the
344:
28:
21:
1646:Cauliflower mosaic virus
1616:Cauliflower mosaic virus
1581:Cauliflower Mosaic Virus
826:Comptes Rendus Biologies
396:initiation factor eIF3.
323:The CaMV particle is an
156:Cauliflower mosaic virus
146:Cauliflower mosaic virus
23:Cauliflower mosaic virus
1587:"The CaMV 35S promoter"
650:unforeseen consequences
1125:10.1006/jmbi.1997.0929
1031:10.1093/nar/16.17.8377
622:
519:
384:
367:Rockefeller University
286:species of the genera
214:
978:Environ Biosafety Res
687:10.1007/s007050050515
669:Pringle, CR. (1999).
620:
509:
436:ORF V – P5: pro-pol (
382:
209:
184:reverse transcription
1405:10.4161/psb.4.6.8712
1356:10.1128/JVI.02662-09
1305:Annu Rev Phytopathol
355:plant transformation
338:Terminally redundant
30:Virus classification
1262:2012PLoSO...747535L
991:10.1051/ebr:2004010
383:Genomic map of CaMV
374:open reading frames
315:of the plant cell.
1556:10.4161/gmcr.21406
1503:10.1093/nar/gkr119
1393:Plant Signal Behav
954:has generic name (
623:
520:
385:
215:
1753:Crucifer diseases
1735:
1734:
1608:Taxon identifiers
1491:Nucleic Acids Res
1019:Nucleic Acids Res
585:movement proteins
473:-Met binding site
153:
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1593:. Archived from
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313:nuclear envelope
176:pararetroviruses
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16:Species of virus
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1497:(12): 5003–14.
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1025:(17): 8377–90.
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1007:
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832:(6–7): 524–38.
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311:migrate to the
272:Revtraviricetes
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97:Revtraviricetes
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1748:Caulimoviridae
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1597:on 2008-01-07.
1591:patentlens.net
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1575:External links
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1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1543:GM Crops Food
1540:
1533:
1531:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1448:(1): 135–46.
1447:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:(6): 548–50.
1398:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1158:(6): 723–33.
1157:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1001:
997:
992:
987:
983:
979:
972:
965:
957:
945:
937:
933:
928:
923:
920:(6): 419–29.
919:
915:
911:
904:
896:
892:
887:
882:
878:
874:
871:(2): 655–68.
870:
866:
862:
855:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
816:
808:
804:
799:
794:
791:(2): 238–45.
790:
786:
782:
775:
767:
755:
747:
743:
739:
737:9780120398447
733:
729:
725:
721:
714:
706:
702:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
665:
661:
654:
651:
640:
638:
627:
619:
615:
606:
604:
598:
596:
595:
588:
586:
582:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
548:
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:
523:
508:
499:
497:
496:jasmonic acid
493:
489:
484:
482:
472:
468:
467:
464:
458:
453:
449:
444:
440:
435:
431:
426:
422:
417:
413:
408:
404:
399:
398:
397:
395:
391:
381:
377:
375:
370:
368:
363:
358:
356:
352:
342:
340:
339:
334:
328:
326:
316:
314:
310:
306:
305:
299:
297:
296:
291:
290:
285:
281:
276:
274:
273:
268:
267:
266:Blubervirales
262:
258:
257:
252:
251:
246:
245:
240:
239:
238:Pseudoviridae
234:
233:
228:
227:
226:Belpaoviridae
222:
221:
213:
208:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:
167:
166:
161:
157:
148:
147:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:
94:
91:
90:
87:
86:
82:
79:
78:
75:
74:
70:
67:
66:
63:
62:
58:
55:
52:
51:
48:
45:
42:
41:
36:
31:
27:
24:
20:
1615:
1595:the original
1590:
1546:
1542:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1022:
1018:
1008:
981:
977:
964:
952:|last2=
944:cite journal
917:
913:
903:
868:
864:
854:
829:
825:
815:
788:
784:
774:
719:
713:
681:(2): 421–9.
678:
674:
664:
646:
633:
624:
612:
599:
592:
589:
578:
521:
485:
478:
386:
371:
359:
348:
336:
329:
322:
302:
300:
293:
287:
280:Brassicaceae
277:
270:
264:
260:
254:
250:Ortervirales
248:
244:Retroviridae
242:
236:
230:
224:
218:
216:
211:
188:retroviruses
178:that infect
174:, which are
169:
165:Caulimovirus
163:
159:
155:
154:
145:
144:
133:Caulimovirus
132:
120:
109:Ortervirales
108:
96:
84:
73:Pararnavirae
72:
60:
53:
43:(unranked):
22:
1640:Wikispecies
984:(2): 91–7.
502:Replication
469:Contains a
325:icosahedron
232:Metaviridae
194:instead of
1742:Categories
1113:J Mol Biol
675:Arch Virol
657:References
394:eukaryotic
284:Solanaceae
202:Definition
186:just like
1311:: 69–91.
1201:Virus Res
764:ignored (
754:cite book
551:cytoplasm
541:The host
494:(SA) and
390:polysomes
319:Structure
295:Nicotiana
140:Species:
68:Kingdom:
61:Riboviria
1712:11459401
1699:10608658
1625:Wikidata
1565:22892689
1521:21378120
1472:19077170
1423:19816139
1374:20181714
1325:20337516
1290:23071821
1250:PLOS ONE
1231:22982205
1182:14384952
1174:11572778
1000:15612506
936:20569349
865:Virology
846:20541164
807:19913268
785:Virology
705:10470265
594:Brassica
536:histones
376:(ORFs).
351:promoter
333:entering
116:Family:
80:Phylum:
1631:Q430416
1512:3130284
1463:2688309
1442:Plant J
1414:2688309
1365:2863735
1344:J Virol
1281:3469532
1258:Bibcode
1222:4215633
1133:9150397
1098:9557705
1068:J Virol
1049:3419922
895:1733107
886:4167691
746:7817872
696:7086988
581:capsids
563:RNase H
546:shown).
532:nucleus
309:virions
128:Genus:
104:Order:
92:Class:
1686:CAMV00
1673:541383
1563:
1519:
1509:
1470:
1460:
1421:
1411:
1372:
1362:
1323:
1288:
1278:
1229:
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1180:
1172:
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1089:109645
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1040:338565
1037:
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934:
893:
883:
844:
805:
744:
734:
703:
693:
463:Q83164
457:Q83163
448:P03559
439:P03554
430:P03542
421:P03551
412:P03548
403:P03545
345:Genome
289:Datura
253:; the
241:, and
180:plants
1725:10641
1707:IRMNG
1178:S2CID
974:(PDF)
54:Realm
47:Virus
1720:NCBI
1694:GBIF
1681:EPPO
1660:RX62
1561:PMID
1517:PMID
1468:PMID
1419:PMID
1370:PMID
1321:PMID
1286:PMID
1227:PMID
1170:PMID
1152:Cell
1129:PMID
1094:PMID
1045:PMID
996:PMID
956:help
932:PMID
891:PMID
842:PMID
803:PMID
766:help
742:PMID
732:ISBN
701:PMID
637:AGO1
603:DHFR
527:D3).
512:blue
488:NPR1
471:tRNA
392:and
349:The
292:and
160:CaMV
1668:EoL
1655:CoL
1551:doi
1507:PMC
1499:doi
1458:PMC
1450:doi
1409:PMC
1401:doi
1360:PMC
1352:doi
1313:doi
1276:PMC
1266:doi
1217:PMC
1209:doi
1205:170
1160:doi
1156:106
1121:doi
1117:267
1084:PMC
1076:doi
1035:PMC
1027:doi
986:doi
922:doi
881:PMC
873:doi
869:186
834:doi
830:333
793:doi
789:396
724:doi
691:PMC
683:doi
679:144
516:red
275:).
196:RNA
192:DNA
1744::
1722::
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1670::
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