371:
47:
421:
length, and not once in sight of the house, till close upon it, yet can never be mistaken for any other way than it is". "Crossing the whole breadth of a lovely valley; the road is conducted along the bottom, continually winding in natural easy sweeps, and presenting at every bend some new scene to the view ... insensibly ascending, all the way". It finally "rises under a thick wood in the garden up to the house, where it suddenly bursts out upon a rich, and extensive prospect, with the town and the churches of
Reading full in sight, and the hills of
536:... The gentlemen's seats were the highest entertainment we met with. Stowe, Hagley, and Blenheim, are superb; Woburn, Caversham, and the Leasowes are beautiful. Wotton is both great and elegant, though neglected". He was damning about the means used to finance the large estates, and he did not think that the embellishments to the landscape, made by the owners of the great English country houses, would suit the more rugged American countryside.
31:
54:
667:
canteen) into editorial offices, and built a large new west wing to house the listening room. This included a new glazed atrium facing the original stable block. A new east wing was built in the 1990s. A further major building project in 2007–08 saw the west wing converted to house all of
Monitoring's operational staff.
367:. Following the Civil War, the Elizabethan manor house was demolished because of its poor state of repair and rebuilt by Lord Craven after 1660, probably with William Winde as the architect. The estate was sold in 1697, passing by the 1720s into the hands of William, first Baron, and later Earl, Cadogan (d 1726).
677:
In 2016, it was announced that BBC Monitoring would move to London, with the loss of a number of jobs. In late 2017, the BBC announced it was selling the Grade II-listed
Caversham Park estate in an effort to save money on property costs. The BBC finally left Caversham Park after 75 years in November
348:
was printed in 1613. She was met by a 'Cynic' dressed as a wildman who debated with a 'Traveller' in elaborate costume. These two rode the short distance to the park gate and were met by two park keepers and two of Robin Hood's men, who sang for the queen in her coach. The entertainment continued in
633:
666:
In major building works in the 1980s, Norman Lucey, Architect for the BBC Architectural & Civil
Engineering Department restored the interior of the mansion, removed utilitarian brick buildings put up on the east side of the mansion during the war, converted the orangery (then being used as a
420:
described the approach to Lord
Cadogan's Caversham as exemplary, an artful solution to its restrictive setting "confined within a narrow valley, without views, buildings or water", He praises the unequivocal statement of being a road to a grand house: "The approach to Caversham, though a mile in
590:
bought the house and about 120 hectares (300 acres) of the estate's remaining 730 hectares (1,800 acres). The principal of the school was Edward
Pereira. The legacy of the estate's days as a school remains with a chapel building and graves for three boys, one of whom died during
670:
A large 10-metre (33 ft) diameter satellite dish was erected in the grounds in the early 1980s. It was later painted green (rather than white) to reduce its obtrusiveness. Shortwave aerials in front of the house were removed.
392:. A plan of the 1723 design was published by Colen Campbell in Vitruvius Britannicus III, 1725. The house burned down in the late 18th century and was replaced with a smaller house. This was enlarged by Major
647:, the British Ministry of Health requisitioned Caversham Park, and initially intended to convert it into a hospital. However, the BBC purchased the property with government grant-in-aid funds, and moved its
263:
545:
476:, his close friend and predecessor as US president. Adams' observations are far more general. However, he gives a fuller account of the route they were taking: "Mr. Jefferson and myself went in a
663:
was acquired by the BBC at the same time, to act as the service's receiving station and continues to function in that role. In 1945 1,000 people were working at the site.
1556:
1197:
1571:
575:
nicknamed the 'Iron King', had the house rebuilt over an iron frame, an early example for this technique. Jones inserted his seven-bay block between two
356:
1080:
The Works of John Adams, Second
President of the United States: Autobiography, continued. Diary. Essays and controversial papers of the Revolution
460:
from the garden, appears to be part of it. A straight broad gravel walk passes before the front and parallel to it, terminated on the right by a
46:
1566:
1546:
329:. However, he did not move here until over forty years later, when he completely rebuilt the house slightly to the north. Sir Francis' son,
135:
1536:
1307:
1190:
1353:
716:
903:
732:
385:
941:
1297:
302:, in an entry describing a property of 9.7 square kilometres (2,400 acres) worth £20. The estate passed to William Marshall,
1541:
1183:
961:
330:
1166:
279:
1500:
795:
The progresses, processions, and magnificent festivities, of King James the First, his royal consort, family, and court
737:
452:"Caversham. Sold by Ld. Cadogan to Majr. Marsac. 25. as. of garden, 400. as. of park, 6 as. of kitchen garden. A large
695:
1561:
1480:
464:, and opening at the other end on a fine prospect. This straight walk has an ill effect. The lawn in front, which is
381:
1135:
1398:
1246:
432:, the future third President of the United States, visited Caversham Park and other places described in Whately's
1551:
1312:
310:, in the late 12th century. Marshall, who in his final years acted as de facto regent under the reign of a young
586:
During the First World War, part of the building was used as a convalescent home for wounded soldiers. In 1923,
1408:
1338:
397:
1465:
1460:
1393:
1154:
1101:
580:
128:
652:
401:
322:
1470:
1231:
1082:, The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States, vol. 3, Little, Brown, p.
1333:
441:
110:
1425:
1292:
560:
201:
286:, was given the estate after the 1066 conquest. The estate, then Caversham Manor, was a fortified
1475:
1445:
1262:
1091:
656:
493:
793:
370:
1435:
1430:
1272:
1221:
599:
517:
1146:
1141:
1083:
915:
283:
344:
A description of an entertainment at
Caversham for Anne of Denmark in April 1613 written by
1440:
1413:
1383:
1048:
1010:
603:
553:
364:
311:
239:
120:
983:
808:
544:
8:
1373:
1343:
568:
497:
259:
178:
1515:
1207:
813:
587:
422:
243:
1505:
1490:
1485:
1287:
1226:
617:
360:
326:
1317:
949:
938:
728:
613:
533:
429:
374:
303:
929:, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840, London 1978, p. 240.
1455:
1403:
1388:
1302:
1241:
1170:
1158:
1117:
1097:
1052:
1014:
945:
606:
521:
513:
393:
389:
338:
334:
318:
90:
674:
In the 1980s, the formal name of the service was shortened to "BBC Monitoring".
548:
Caversham Park from the distance (also note the BBC satellite dish on the right)
1450:
1358:
1348:
1163:
759:
648:
636:
417:
345:
307:
255:
75:
1175:
897:
1530:
1282:
1277:
1236:
926:
660:
299:
231:
150:
137:
595:
in 1940, the other two having died from accident and sickness in the 1920s.
1510:
1419:
644:
592:
564:
529:
501:
485:
481:
461:
295:
235:
100:
1090:
Jefferson, Thomas (2008), Oberg, Barbara B.; Looney, J. Jefferson (eds.),
1495:
1267:
893:
509:
505:
489:
477:
287:
247:
1368:
632:
572:
473:
437:
349:
the hall of the house after dinner and concluded with masque dancing.
1378:
576:
251:
621:
433:
400:
temple style, with an impressive
Corinthian colonnade. Marsack was
353:
465:
275:
1151:
30:
624:
dominating the wooded hill on the opposite side of the Thames.
556:
525:
291:
781:
Memorials of
Affairs of State from the papers of Ralph Winwood
214:
612:
When approaching Reading via the A3290 (formerly part of the
457:
453:
384:
started to have the house rebuilt in 1718. A friend of the
583:
and English Heritage) which apparently survived the fire.
254:
with boundary changes in 1911. Caversham Park was home to
1011:"Caversham Park: End of an era for BBC listening station"
298:
than the present house. The estate was registered in the
659:
in Worcestershire, in Spring 1943. The nearby estate of
602:
was developed in the 1960s on some of the parkland. The
579:
of 1840 by John Thistlewood Crew (called J. T. Crews by
264:
English Heritage Register of Historic Parks and Gardens
1124:(Second ed.), London: T. Payne, pp. 138–144
274:
The history of Caversham Park goes back to at least
727:
609:was part of the land belonging to Caversham Park.
377:of Caversham Park in 1790–1799 by W. and J. Walker
444:. An astute observer, Jefferson's account in his
436:in search of inspirations for his own gardens at
363:, the house was confiscated and used to imprison
1528:
1005:
1003:
1001:
559:, was erected after a fire in 1850 by architect
1205:
962:"Pick of the Past: Caversham Park Village 1970"
472:Jefferson undertook the tour in the company of
1557:Grade II listed parks and gardens in Berkshire
620:junction, Caversham Park is a clearly visible
404:for 1787. This house also burnt down in 1850.
1191:
1041:
998:
844:
842:
1078:Adams, John; Adams, Charles Francis (1851),
1049:"BBC Berkshire last to leave Caversham Park"
1572:Parks and open spaces in Reading, Berkshire
1037:Caversham Park Heritage Statement June 2023
1198:
1184:
1147:Royal Berkshire History: Caversham Hamlets
1077:
839:
552:The present building, inspired by Italian
1089:
761:Garats Hay. Annual General Meeting – 2000
807:
631:
563:, who much later also designed London's
543:
369:
262:. The park is listed as Grade II in the
1142:Royal Berkshire History: Caversham Park
1115:
916:Royal Berkshire History: Caversham Park
904:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
696:"Caversham Park (bbc Records), Reading"
1529:
468:, well disposed with clumps of trees."
53:
1298:Royal Berkshire Regiment War Memorial
1179:
1567:Neoclassical architecture in England
1547:Grade II listed buildings in Reading
798:, vol. 2 (London, 1828), pp. 629–39.
337:, entertained Queen Elizabeth I and
539:
388:, he tried to rival the gardens at
352:Later Caversham became home to the
246:, England. Historically located in
13:
1537:BBC offices, studios and buildings
738:National Heritage List for England
446:Notes of a Tour of English Gardens
314:, died in Caversham Park in 1219.
14:
1583:
1129:
627:
382:William Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan
16:Country house in Southern England
1122:Observations on Modern Gardening
783:, vol. 3 (London, 1725), p. 454.
414:Observations on Modern Gardening
321:. In 1542, it was bought by Sir
269:
52:
45:
29:
1354:Broad Street Independent Chapel
1308:St Mary's Church, Castle Street
1035:Reading Borough Council (2023)
1029:
976:
954:
932:
920:
909:
887:
878:
869:
860:
851:
817:. 10 February 1787. p. 69.
238:with parkland in the suburb of
1152:BBC Monitoring, Caversham Park
1093:The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
906:, 2004 (Subscription required)
830:
821:
801:
786:
774:
752:
721:
710:
688:
1:
1138:– Beechcroft Developments Ltd
1071:
899:Jones, Sir Horace (1819–1887)
317:Later it was occupied by the
1313:St Peter's Church, Caversham
1102:University of Virginia Press
984:"Friends of Clayfield Copse"
7:
1542:Country houses in Berkshire
1409:King's Meadow swimming pool
402:High Sheriff of Oxfordshire
188:Beechcroft Developments Ltd
10:
1588:
964:. Get Reading. 16 May 2014
827:Whately 1770, chapter XLV.
733:"Caversham Park (1000524)"
698:. British Listed Buildings
1326:
1255:
1214:
1118:"Chapters XLV & XLVI"
407:
212:
207:
197:
192:
184:
174:
166:
127:
116:
106:
96:
86:
81:
69:
40:
28:
23:
1562:Houses completed in 1850
1481:Statue of Queen Victoria
1293:Royal Berkshire Hospital
1116:Whately, Thomas (1770),
681:
598:The residential area of
425:forest in the horizon."
282:, a distant relative of
35:View from the south east
1501:University War Memorial
1476:Statue of George Palmer
1446:Reading railway station
866:Jefferson 2008, p. 370.
717:Beechcroft Developments
651:into the premises from
193:Design and construction
61:Location within Reading
1552:Grade II listed houses
1104:, Rotunda, p. 370
986:. Econetreading.org.uk
643:With the onset of the
640:
616:) northbound near the
600:Caversham Park Village
549:
470:
456:, separated by a sunk
442:architectural projects
378:
308:Protector of the Realm
294:, probably nearer the
1169:4 August 2009 at the
1157:17 March 2008 at the
944:22 April 2016 at the
875:Adams 1851, p. 394 s.
857:Whately 1770, p. 142.
848:Whately 1770, p. 140.
836:Whately 1770, p. 144.
635:
547:
450:
396:in the 1780s, in the
373:
339:Queen Anne of Denmark
284:William the Conqueror
1441:Reading Old Cemetery
1414:Leighton Park School
1399:Hospitium of St John
1247:St Laurence's Church
1206:Listed buildings in
1096:(Digital ed.),
902:rev. Valerie Scott,
604:Local nature reserve
250:, it became part of
242:on the outskirts of
167:Construction started
121:Caversham, Berkshire
1436:Queen Anne's School
1394:Holy Trinity Church
1344:Bath Road Reservoir
1164:BBC Radio Berkshire
569:William Crawshay II
498:Stratford upon Avon
386:Duke of Marlborough
325:, the treasurer of
260:BBC Radio Berkshire
179:William Crawshay II
147: /
107:Architectural style
82:General information
1516:West Memorial Hall
1339:All Saints' Church
1055:. 20 November 2018
884:Adams 1851, p. 394
814:The London Gazette
649:Monitoring Service
641:
588:The Oratory School
550:
379:
151:51.4805°N 0.9574°W
1524:
1523:
1506:Vachel Almshouses
1491:Reading Town Hall
1466:St James's Church
1288:Reading Town Hall
1232:Greyfriars Church
1227:Chazey Court Barn
567:. Its then owner
484:farm, Caversham,
448:reads like this:
327:Queen Elizabeth I
225:
224:
1579:
1471:St Mark's Church
1461:St Giles' Church
1318:Watlington House
1200:
1193:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1125:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1086:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1007:
996:
995:
993:
991:
980:
974:
973:
971:
969:
958:
952:
950:English Heritage
936:
930:
924:
918:
913:
907:
891:
885:
882:
876:
873:
867:
864:
858:
855:
849:
846:
837:
834:
828:
825:
819:
818:
805:
799:
790:
784:
778:
772:
771:
770:
768:
756:
750:
749:
747:
745:
729:Historic England
725:
719:
714:
708:
707:
705:
703:
692:
653:Wood Norton Hall
645:Second World War
614:A329(M) motorway
540:Current building
534:Grosvenor Square
430:Thomas Jefferson
319:Earls of Warwick
304:Earl of Pembroke
221:
218:
216:
162:
161:
159:
158:
157:
156:51.4805; -0.9574
152:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
56:
55:
49:
33:
21:
20:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1456:Roseate Reading
1426:Malmaison Hotel
1404:Kendrick School
1389:Highdown School
1322:
1303:Simeon Monument
1251:
1242:Reading Minster
1210:
1204:
1171:Wayback Machine
1159:Wayback Machine
1132:
1107:
1105:
1098:Charlottesville
1074:
1069:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1053:BBC News Online
1047:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1015:BBC News Online
1009:
1008:
999:
989:
987:
982:
981:
977:
967:
965:
960:
959:
955:
948:on Past Scape,
946:Wayback Machine
937:
933:
925:
921:
914:
910:
892:
888:
883:
879:
874:
870:
865:
861:
856:
852:
847:
840:
835:
831:
826:
822:
806:
802:
791:
787:
779:
775:
766:
764:
758:
757:
753:
743:
741:
726:
722:
715:
711:
701:
699:
694:
693:
689:
684:
630:
607:Clayfield Copse
542:
428:In April 1786,
410:
394:Charles Marsack
390:Blenheim Palace
335:Earl of Banbury
331:William Knollys
323:Francis Knollys
272:
213:
155:
153:
149:
146:
141:
138:
136:
134:
133:
91:Grade II listed
74:
73:Caversham Manor
65:
64:
63:
62:
59:
58:
57:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1585:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1451:Reading School
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1364:Caversham Park
1361:
1359:Brock Barracks
1356:
1351:
1349:Battle Library
1346:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1263:Albion Terrace
1259:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1161:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1136:Caversham Park
1131:
1130:External links
1128:
1127:
1126:
1113:
1087:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1040:
1028:
997:
975:
953:
939:Caversham Park
931:
919:
908:
886:
877:
868:
859:
850:
838:
829:
820:
800:
792:John Nichols,
785:
773:
751:
720:
709:
686:
685:
683:
680:
639:Listening Room
637:BBC Monitoring
629:
628:BBC Monitoring
626:
541:
538:
532:, and back to
500:, Birmingham,
418:Thomas Whately
409:
406:
357:Earl of Craven
346:Thomas Campion
280:Walter Giffard
271:
268:
256:BBC Monitoring
228:Caversham Park
223:
222:
215:caversham-park
210:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
131:
125:
124:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
79:
78:
76:BBC Monitoring
71:
67:
66:
60:
51:
50:
44:
43:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
24:Caversham Park
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1584:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1431:Prospect Park
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1283:Reading Abbey
1281:
1279:
1278:Foxhill House
1276:
1274:
1273:Christ Church
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1237:Reading Abbey
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1222:Abbey Gateway
1220:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1017:. 7 July 2016
1016:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1002:
985:
979:
963:
957:
951:
947:
943:
940:
935:
928:
927:Howard Colvin
923:
917:
912:
905:
901:
900:
895:
890:
881:
872:
863:
854:
845:
843:
833:
824:
816:
815:
810:
804:
797:
796:
789:
782:
777:
763:
762:
755:
740:
739:
734:
730:
724:
718:
713:
697:
691:
687:
679:
675:
672:
668:
664:
662:
661:Crowsley Park
658:
654:
650:
646:
638:
634:
625:
623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
605:
601:
596:
594:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
555:
546:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
419:
415:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
376:
372:
368:
366:
362:
359:. During the
358:
355:
350:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
300:Domesday Book
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
270:Early history
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
220:
211:
206:
203:
200:
196:
191:
187:
183:
180:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
132:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112:
109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
80:
77:
72:
68:
48:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1511:Wantage Hall
1486:Reading Gaol
1420:Maiwand Lion
1418:
1363:
1121:
1106:, retrieved
1092:
1079:
1057:. Retrieved
1043:
1036:
1031:
1019:. Retrieved
988:. Retrieved
978:
966:. Retrieved
956:
934:
922:
911:
898:
889:
880:
871:
862:
853:
832:
823:
812:
803:
794:
788:
780:
776:
765:, retrieved
760:
754:
742:. Retrieved
736:
723:
712:
700:. Retrieved
690:
676:
673:
669:
665:
642:
611:
597:
593:World War II
585:
565:Tower Bridge
561:Horace Jones
551:
530:High Wycombe
502:the Leasowes
471:
462:Doric temple
451:
445:
427:
413:
411:
380:
351:
343:
316:
278:times, when
273:
236:stately home
227:
226:
202:Horace Jones
198:Architect(s)
111:Neoclassical
101:Stately home
70:Former names
18:
1496:Thames Lido
1384:High Bridge
1374:Crown Court
1268:Calcot Park
894:G. C. Boase
809:"No. 12829"
510:Stourbridge
478:post-chaise
288:manor house
248:Oxfordshire
154: /
129:Coordinates
1531:Categories
1369:Coley Park
1334:Abbey Mill
1072:References
577:colonnades
573:ironmaster
474:John Adams
440:and other
438:Monticello
139:51°28′50″N
1379:Elm Lodge
1256:Grade II*
1108:14 August
518:Woodstock
514:Worcester
416:of 1770,
365:Charles I
361:Civil War
312:Henry III
252:Berkshire
240:Caversham
232:Victorian
142:0°57′27″W
123:, England
1327:Grade II
1167:Archived
1155:Archived
990:10 April
968:10 April
942:Archived
767:25 April
622:landmark
522:Blenheim
494:Edgehill
434:treatise
354:Royalist
117:Location
1215:Grade I
1208:Reading
1059:27 July
1021:27 July
657:Evesham
655:, near
581:Pevsner
557:palaces
554:baroque
466:pasture
423:Windsor
412:In his
244:Reading
208:Website
744:3 July
702:6 June
678:2018.
526:Oxford
506:Hagley
486:Wotton
482:Woburn
408:Garden
341:here.
333:, the
296:Thames
292:castle
276:Norman
175:Client
87:Status
682:Notes
571:, an
490:Stowe
458:fence
398:Greek
375:Print
234:-era
230:is a
185:Owner
1110:2012
1061:2019
1023:2019
992:2017
970:2017
769:2011
746:2019
704:2011
454:lawn
306:and
258:and
170:1850
97:Type
1084:394
480:to
290:or
219:.uk
217:.co
1533::
1120:,
1100::
1051:.
1013:.
1000:^
896:,
841:^
811:.
735:.
731:.
618:A4
528:,
524:,
520:,
516:,
512:,
508:,
504:,
496:,
492:,
488:,
266:.
1199:e
1192:t
1185:v
1063:.
1025:.
994:.
972:.
748:.
706:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
