473:, but could not continue further investigation on account of "non-availability of more sensitive emulsion plates during the war years. Seven years after this discovery of mesons by DM Bose and Bibha Chowdhuri, C.F. Powell made the same discovery of pions and muons and further decay of muons to electrons… using the same technique". He acknowledged in his book, "In 1941, Bose and Chaudhuri (sic) had pointed it out that it is possible, in principle, to distinguish between the tracks of protons and mesons in an emulsion… They concluded that many of the charged particles arrested in their plates were lighter than protons, their mean mass being … the physical basis of their method was correct and their work represents the first approach to the scattering method of determining momenta of charged particles by observation of their tracks in emulsion". In fact, the measured mass of the particle by Bose and Chowdhuri was very close to the accepted value measured by Powell who used improved "full-tone" plates. From 1952 Powell was appointed director of several expeditions to Sardinia and the Po Valley, Italy, utilizing high-altitude balloon flights.
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to facilitate the recording of the tracks of elementary particles, and in 1938 began applying this technique to the study of cosmic radiation, exposing photographic plates at high-altitude, at the tops of mountains and using specially designed balloons, collaborating in the study with
488:. As Rotblat put it, "Cecil Powell has been the backbone of the Pugwash Movement. He gave it coherence, endurance and vitality." Powell chaired the meetings of the Pugwash Continuing Committee, often standing in for Bertrand Russell, and attended meetings until 1968.
408:
During his time at
Bristol University, Powell applied himself to the development of techniques for measuring the mobility of positive ions, to establishing the nature of the ions in common gases, and to the construction and use of a
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Vegni, Guido (2006). "Giuseppe
Occhialini in Milan in the sixties and beyond: His legacy for particle physics and his influence on young researchers and students". In
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613:, Northern Italy, erected a sign in memory of Powell, close to where he died, at the Capanna Vittoria restaurant, on the Alpe Giumello, in Casargo.
574:. It was installed on the path where he died, outside the Rifugio Capanna Vittoria (now the Capanna Vittoria restaurant), on the Alpe Giumello, in
485:
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by the
Academy of Sciences of the USSR (now Russian Academy of Sciences) "for outstanding achievements in the physics of elementary particles".
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457:"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method".
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566:. Giuseppe Occhialini had a wooden bench built with Powell's name carved into a commemorative plaque, and then transported it to
318:
for heading the team that developed the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and for the resulting discovery of the
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was the first to write an article describing the discovery that would lead to the Nobel Prize. Debendra Mohan Bose (nephew of
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578:. Occhialini's reason was, "...if that bench had already been there, Powell would probably have stopped to rest there".
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389:, later being appointed lecturer, and in 1948 appointed Melville Wills Professor of Physics. In 1936 he took part in a
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Lattes, C. M. G.; Muirhead, H.; Occhialini, G. P. S.; Powell, C. F. (1947). "Processes
Involving Charged Mesons".
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was working with him at the time of the discovery and had improved the sensitivity of the photographic emulsion.
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In 1955, Powell, also a member of the World
Federation of Scientific Workers, added his signature to the
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3413:
3162:
2288:
1219:"Preparing earth constitution | Global Strategies & Solutions | The Encyclopedia of World Problems"
1026:
847:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences
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In 1932 Powell married Isobel Artner (1907–1995), and the couple had two daughters, Jane and Annie.
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1294:
495:, and served on the Scientific Policy Committee of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (
382:
282:
1167:"Letters from Thane Read asking Helen Keller to sign the World Constitution for world peace. 1961"
358:, graduating in 1925 in natural sciences. After completing his bachelor's degree he worked at the
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1193:"Letter from World Constitution Coordinating Committee to Helen, enclosing current materials"
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1115:. Council of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. May 2005. Archived from
962:
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370:, conducting research into condensation phenomena, and gaining his PhD in physics in 1929.
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1253:[Giumello. The surprising story of the Nobel Prize winner that loved Valsassina].
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dedicated to Powell outside the
Capanna Vittoria restaurant, on the Alpe Giumello, in
511:
He was one of the signatories of the agreement to convene a convention for drafting a
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In 1949 Powell was elected a Fellow of the Royal
Society and received the society's
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as part of a study of a damaging earthquake swarm. He appears on a stamp issued in
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1965:
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1981:
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1953:
1929:
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1667:
1628:
1588:
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1469:
1286:
1251:"Giumello. La storia che non t'aspetti il Premio Nobel che amava la Valsassina"
535:
481:
414:
305:
130:
4734:
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4126:
1223:
The
Encyclopedia of World Problems | Union of International Associations (UIA)
1080:
342:, the son Frank and Elizabeth Caroline (née Bisacre) Powell. His father was a
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1941:
1769:
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398:
351:
347:
196:
3645:
Advisory opinion on the
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons
3115:
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4151:
4109:
4010:
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3513:
3182:
2940:
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2693:
2673:
2516:
2464:
2077:
2013:
1969:
1806:
1722:
1612:
1580:
1106:"The Origins of the Russell-Einstein Manifesto by Sandra Ionno Butcher"
551:
394:
889:. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main. Archived from
725:
700:
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4099:
4003:
3523:
3443:
2165:
2137:
1973:
974:
571:
335:
308:
277:
71:
3780:
442:), which proved to be the hypothetical particle proposed in 1935 by
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3998:
3974:
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3870:
1913:
610:
558:. On 9 August 1969, near the end of a walk in the foothills of the
343:
1316:
587:
The Cecil F. Powell Memorial Medal was named in his honour by the
4301:
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3883:
843:"The Royal Society expedition to Montserrat, B.W.I. Final report"
575:
567:
539:
402:
339:
220:
103:
79:
4445:
4361:
4289:
4136:
3938:
1342:
480:
put forward by Bertrand Russell, Albert Einstein and scientist
43:
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952:
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4349:
4337:
4313:
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4265:
4253:
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4084:
4033:
606:
543:
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346:. He was educated at a local primary school before gaining a
111:
4998:
1404:
1236:
559:
496:
435:
319:
159:
75:
3203:
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
3188:
International Association of Lawyers against Nuclear Arms
417:. He also began to develop methods employing specialised
1257:(in Italian). Valsassina: Valsassina News. 26 May 2013.
554:
region of Italy, lodging in a house in Sanico, in the
515:. As a result, for the first time in human history, a
469:) and Chowdhuri published three consecutive papers in
5033:
World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention
997:"List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1660–2007: K-Z"
3650:
Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
657:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
701:"Cecil Powell, Cosmic-Ray Physicist, Dies in Italy"
381:In 1928 he took up a post as research assistant to
550:Powell died while on holiday with his wife in the
3193:International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
792:"Clifton and Hotwells Improvement Society (CHIS)"
484:, and was involved in preparations for the first
5191:World Constitutional Convention call signatories
5107:
3710:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
916:. London: Encyclopædia Britannica Limited. 1962.
434:. This work led in 1947 to the discovery of the
796:Clifton and Hotwells Improvement Society (CHIS)
692:
486:Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs
2915:
1362:including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1950
760:. Amsterdam: Elsevier publishing Company. 1964
3766:
3131:
2901:
1390:
1280:
1278:
1276:
385:in the H.H. Wills Physical Laboratory at the
649:
499:) that year, and in 1967 he was awarded the
1075:
1073:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
5171:Alumni of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
3773:
3759:
3138:
3124:
2908:
2894:
1397:
1383:
1357:
1273:
453:the same year. In 1950 he was awarded the
3812:World Constitution Coordinating Committee
3145:
1291:The Scientific Legacy of Beppo Occhialini
866:
724:
669:
102:Rifugio Capanna Vittoria, Alpe Giumello,
3799:Constitution for the Federation of Earth
3213:Nuclear Information and Resource Service
1070:
733:
698:
598:was installed in Downside Road, Bristol.
530:
521:Constitution for the Federation of Earth
354:, Tonbridge. Following this he attended
304:(5 December 1903 – 9 August 1969) was a
3198:International Day against Nuclear Tests
14:
5186:Academics of the University of Bristol
5108:
3630:France and weapons of mass destruction
928:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901-2000"
840:
786:
784:
3754:
3119:
2889:
1378:
1284:
650:Frank, F. C.; Perkins, D. H. (1971).
645:
643:
641:
639:
3640:History of the anti-nuclear movement
3233:Physicians for Social Responsibility
1371:at the American Institute of Physics
376:
3590:Songs about nuclear war and weapons
1261:from the original on 14 August 2021
1199:. American Foundation for the Blind
1173:. American Foundation for the Blind
781:
570:, a village in the mountains above
24:
5161:People educated at The Judd School
3585:Nuclear weapons in popular culture
636:
446:in his theory of nuclear physics.
25:
5207:
3619:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
1335:
1027:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950"
757:Nobel Lectures, Physics 1942-1962
686:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950"
5090:
5089:
4468:
4456:
4444:
4432:
4420:
4408:
4396:
4384:
4372:
4360:
4348:
4336:
4324:
4312:
4300:
4288:
4276:
4264:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4205:
4169:
4157:
4145:
4120:
4108:
4083:
4071:
4059:
4032:
4009:
3997:
3985:
3973:
3961:
3949:
3937:
3902:
3889:
3876:
3863:
3850:
3735:
3734:
3256:
3178:Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
1341:
519:convened to draft and adopt the
506:
356:Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
329:
42:
5126:20th-century British physicists
3782:World Constitutional Convention
3223:Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign
1211:
1185:
1159:
1134:
1098:
1044:
1019:
989:
946:
920:
905:
1081:"The First Pugwash Conference"
875:
834:
817:"Nobel Prizes and Fellowships"
809:
772:
678:
652:"Cecil Frank Powell 1903-1969"
603:International Inner Wheel Club
594:In October 2011 a replacement
430:and young Brazilian physicist
13:
1:
5181:Anti–nuclear weapons movement
4779:(Righteous Among the Nations)
1369:Portrait photograph of Powell
629:
27:British physicist (1903–1969)
5176:Fellows of the Royal Society
5038:Provisional World Parliament
887:Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
778:Cambridge University Library
491:In 1961 Powell received the
7:
5141:People associated with CERN
4922:MaurĂcio Campos de Medeiros
4235:Ahmed Ebrahim Haroon Jaffer
3956:Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich
617:
424:Giuseppe "Beppo" Occhialini
413:to study the scattering of
192:Fellow of the Royal Society
10:
5212:
5151:Nobel laureates in Physics
4391:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
3705:Russell–Einstein Manifesto
3575:Films about nuclear issues
3570:Books about nuclear issues
3163:Anti-nuclear organizations
1295:SocietĂ Italiana di Fisica
517:World Constituent Assembly
478:Russell-Einstein Manifesto
5072:
5046:
5025:
4810:
4792:
4766:
4748:
4690:
4667:
4646:
4625:
4594:
4570:
4539:
4530:
4487:
4295:Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza
4220:
4197:
4188:
4135:
4098:
4049:
4024:
3927:
3918:
3840:
3792:
3730:
3660:Nuclear-Free Future Award
3598:
3580:Nuclear holocaust fiction
3562:
3381:
3265:
3254:
3168:Anti-nuclear power groups
3153:
3043:
3012:
2993:
2974:
2950:
2925:
2526:
2183:
1872:
1650:
1416:
589:European Physical Society
581:
291:
270:
247:
226:
216:
209:
176:
168:
146:
136:
126:
118:
91:
53:
41:
34:
5009:(teacher & pacifist)
4885:(scholar & pacifist)
4451:Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli
3218:Nevada Desert Experience
526:
383:Arthur Mannering Tyndall
5146:Experimental physicists
5136:British Nobel laureates
4678:(Chemistry & Peace)
3675:Nuclear power phase-out
3554:Christopher Weeramantry
914:Encyclopædia Britannica
455:Nobel Prize for Physics
234:University of Cambridge
141:University of Cambridge
4917:(writer & scholar)
4826:David Alfaro Siqueiros
4776:André and Magda Trocmé
4758:Martin Luther King Jr.
4750:Human rights activists
4710:Edris Rice-Wray Carson
4595:Physiology or Medicine
4463:Patrick Wolrige-Gordon
4259:B. Satya Narayan Reddy
4039:Jaramogi Oginga Odinga
3680:Nuclear weapons debate
3625:Defence Secretariat 19
3049:Nobel Prize recipients
3022:Philip Showalter Hench
3014:Physiology or Medicine
1410:Nobel Prize in Physics
1289:; et al. (eds.).
1113:Pugwash History Series
868:10.1098/rsta.1938.0002
841:Powell, C. F. (1938).
671:10.1098/rsbm.1971.0021
547:
419:photographic emulsions
313:Nobel Prize in Physics
182:Nobel Prize in Physics
5196:Cosmic ray physicists
5131:People from Tonbridge
4612:Hermann Joseph Muller
4607:Dickinson W. Richards
4415:Komla Agbeli Gbedemah
3992:LĂ©opold SĂ©dar Senghor
3690:Otto Hahn Peace Medal
3499:Hermann Joseph Muller
3248:World Uranium Hearing
3228:Peace Action and SANE
3173:Anti-nuclear protests
3147:Anti-nuclear movement
3028:Edward Calvin Kendall
699:Camerini, U. (1969).
534:
467:Jagadish Chandra Bose
387:University of Bristol
239:University of Bristol
4818:Arthur Ernest Bishop
4602:Albert Szent-Györgyi
3968:José Figueres Ferrer
3670:Nuclear power debate
3036:(Poland/Switzerland)
1364:The Cosmic Radiation
1350:at Wikimedia Commons
1197:Helen Keller Archive
1171:Helen Keller Archive
1052:"A forgotten legend"
596:commemorative plaque
501:Lomonosov Gold Medal
360:Cavendish Laboratory
202:Lomonosov Gold Medal
5166:Royal Medal winners
5156:Particle physicists
4989:(cultural theorist)
4638:Salvatore Quasimodo
4502:Dana McLean Greeley
4212:Cornelis Berkhouwer
4016:Otilio Ulate Blanco
3920:Head of governments
3635:Göttingen Manifesto
3489:Freda Meissner-Blau
3243:Sortir du nucléaire
1058:. 23 September 2018
967:1947Natur.159..694L
859:1938RSPTA.237....1P
717:1969PhT....22k.107C
411:Cockcroft generator
362:, Cambridge, under
334:Powell was born in
154:Photographic method
5054:World constitution
4882:Hugh J. Schonfield
4842:Edward J. Sparling
4367:Irène de Lipkowski
4355:Inder Kumar Gujral
4004:Muhammad Ayub Khan
3655:Mainau Declaration
3034:Tadeusz Reichstein
1356:on Nobelprize.org
1348:Cecil Frank Powell
1255:valsassinanews.com
1122:on 14 January 2013
548:
513:world constitution
324:subatomic particle
298:Cecil Frank Powell
58:Cecil Frank Powell
18:Cecil Frank Powell
5103:
5102:
5018:
5010:
5002:
4990:
4982:
4974:
4966:
4958:
4950:
4942:
4934:
4926:
4918:
4910:
4902:
4894:
4886:
4878:
4870:
4862:
4854:
4846:
4838:
4830:
4822:
4780:
4730:Priyadaranjan Ray
4686:
4685:
4679:
4617:Macfarlane Burnet
4582:
4489:Religious leaders
4483:
4482:
4475:William Beveridge
4283:Diwan Chaman Lall
4184:
4183:
3748:
3747:
3665:Nuclear-free zone
3608:Anti-war movement
3549:Albert Schweitzer
3238:Pembina Institute
3113:
3112:
2883:
2882:
1346:Media related to
1308:978-3-540-37353-7
934:. 9 February 2000
912:"Powell, Cecil".
726:10.1063/1.3035243
556:Province of Lecco
377:Professional life
295:
294:
271:Doctoral students
262:Ernest Rutherford
211:Scientific career
158:Discovery of the
108:Province of Lecco
16:(Redirected from
5203:
5093:
5092:
5064:World federalism
5059:World government
5016:
5008:
4996:
4988:
4980:
4972:
4964:
4962:Shigeri Yamataka
4956:
4948:
4946:Rameshwari Nehru
4940:
4932:
4924:
4916:
4908:
4900:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4869:(science editor)
4868:
4860:
4858:Gregorio Bermann
4852:
4844:
4836:
4834:E. M. L. Odjidja
4829:(Social realist)
4828:
4820:
4778:
4700:Charles C. Price
4677:
4633:Bertrand Russell
4580:
4578:Frederick Sanger
4537:
4536:
4517:Martin Niemöller
4473:
4472:
4461:
4460:
4449:
4448:
4437:
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4340:
4329:
4328:
4317:
4316:
4305:
4304:
4293:
4292:
4281:
4280:
4271:Chiyo Sakakibara
4269:
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3990:
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3866:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3802:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3752:
3751:
3738:
3737:
3534:Bertrand Russell
3424:Randall Forsberg
3260:
3259:
3208:Mayors for Peace
3140:
3133:
3126:
3117:
3116:
3051:
2965:Bertrand Russell
2910:
2903:
2896:
2887:
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2016:
2008:
1996:
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1932:
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1615:
1607:
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1575:
1567:
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1548:
1540:
1538:Kamerlingh Onnes
1532:
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1077:
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1063:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1003:. Archived from
1001:royalsociety.org
993:
987:
986:
975:10.1038/159694a0
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
924:
918:
917:
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
893:on 27 March 2009
879:
873:
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831:
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731:
730:
728:
696:
690:
689:
682:
676:
675:
673:
647:
562:, he suffered a
249:Doctoral advisor
205:
98:
67:
65:
46:
32:
31:
21:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5068:
5042:
5021:
5014:Toyohiko Kagawa
4978:Stanley Slotkin
4949:(social worker)
4806:
4788:
4762:
4744:
4740:Wilder Penfield
4725:Pitirim Sorokin
4682:
4663:
4642:
4621:
4590:
4566:
4532:Nobel laureates
4526:
4479:
4467:
4455:
4443:
4431:
4419:
4407:
4403:KenzĹŤ Matsumura
4395:
4383:
4371:
4359:
4347:
4335:
4323:
4319:Hisato Ichimada
4311:
4299:
4287:
4275:
4263:
4251:
4239:
4227:
4216:
4206:
4204:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4131:
4119:
4107:
4094:
4082:
4070:
4058:
4051:Prime Ministers
4045:
4031:
4025:Vice-presidents
4020:
4008:
3996:
3984:
3972:
3960:
3948:
3936:
3914:
3903:
3901:
3890:
3888:
3877:
3875:
3864:
3862:
3851:
3849:
3836:
3796:
3788:
3779:
3749:
3744:
3726:
3685:Peace activists
3600:
3594:
3558:
3544:Jonathan Schell
3419:Albert Einstein
3404:Helen Caldicott
3394:Daniel Berrigan
3389:Tadatoshi Akiba
3377:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3155:
3149:
3144:
3114:
3109:
3047:
3039:
3030:(United States)
3024:(United States)
3008:
3005:(Great Britain)
2989:
2986:(United States)
2970:
2967:(Great Britain)
2946:
2921:
2914:
2884:
2879:
2863:
2847:
2831:
2815:
2799:
2783:
2767:
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2627:
2615:
2599:
2583:
2567:
2551:
2535:
2528:
2522:
2506:
2494:
2478:
2469:Cohen-Tannoudji
2462:
2446:
2434:
2422:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2378:
2362:
2346:
2334:
2318:
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2262:
2250:
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2190:
2179:
2163:
2151:
2135:
2119:
2111:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2067:
2051:
2035:
2019:
2011:
1999:
1991:
1979:
1963:
1951:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1903:
1891:
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1860:
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1602:
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1519:
1511:
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1475:
1467:
1459:
1443:
1431:
1423:
1412:
1403:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1309:
1301:. p. 124.
1287:Redondi, Pietro
1283:
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1264:
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1227:
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1071:
1061:
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1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1031:nobelprize.org/
1025:
1024:
1020:
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1008:
995:
994:
990:
951:
947:
937:
935:
926:
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921:
911:
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839:
835:
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823:
815:
814:
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790:
789:
782:
777:
773:
763:
761:
754:
753:
734:
711:(11): 107–109.
697:
693:
684:
683:
679:
648:
637:
632:
620:
584:
529:
509:
379:
368:Lord Rutherford
332:
287:
266:
257:C. T. R. Wilson
243:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
164:
137:Alma mater
114:
100:
96:
87:
83:
69:
68:5 December 1903
63:
61:
60:
59:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5209:
5199:
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5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5101:
5100:
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5087:
5073:
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5066:
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5043:
5041:
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5029:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5011:
5003:
4991:
4983:
4975:
4967:
4959:
4951:
4943:
4935:
4930:Oscar Niemeyer
4927:
4919:
4914:Mark Van Doren
4911:
4903:
4895:
4893:(union leader)
4887:
4879:
4871:
4863:
4855:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4823:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4802:Hugh B. Hester
4798:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4784:Brock Chisholm
4781:
4772:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4754:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4715:Harlow Shapley
4712:
4707:
4702:
4696:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4659:Joseph Rotblat
4656:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4622:
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4614:
4609:
4604:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4547:Alfred Kastler
4543:
4541:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4507:George MacLeod
4504:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4465:
4453:
4441:
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4405:
4393:
4381:
4369:
4357:
4345:
4333:
4321:
4309:
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4285:
4273:
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4249:
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4224:
4222:
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4166:
4154:
4141:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4117:
4104:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4090:Tetsu Katayama
4080:
4068:
4066:Clement Attlee
4055:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4006:
3994:
3982:
3980:Julius Nyerere
3970:
3958:
3946:
3933:
3931:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3899:
3886:
3873:
3860:
3846:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3827:Margaret Isely
3824:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3778:
3777:
3770:
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3745:
3743:
3742:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3695:Peace movement
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3529:Joseph Rotblat
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3484:Caroline Lucas
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3414:Gordon Edwards
3411:
3409:Norman Cousins
3406:
3401:
3399:Albert Bigelow
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3368:United Kingdom
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
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3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
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3250:
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3110:
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3006:
2999:
2997:
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2829:
2813:
2797:
2781:
2765:
2749:
2737:
2721:
2709:
2697:
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2597:
2581:
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2476:
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2408:
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2344:
2332:
2316:
2308:
2296:
2284:
2276:
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2248:
2232:
2216:
2205:P. W. Anderson
2200:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2161:
2149:
2133:
2117:
2109:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2049:
2033:
2026:Goeppert Mayer
2017:
2009:
1997:
1989:
1977:
1961:
1949:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1901:
1889:
1876:
1874:
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1842:
1834:
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1788:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1753:
1750:C. D. Anderson
1741:
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1714:
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1514:Van der Waals
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1479:
1478:J. J. Thomson
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961:(4047): 694.
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853:(771): 1–34.
852:
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821:bristol.ac.uk
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705:Physics Today
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635:
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624:Marietta Blau
622:
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612:
608:
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601:In 2013, the
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507:Global policy
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468:
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460:
456:
452:
447:
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444:Hideki Yukawa
441:
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429:
428:Hugh Muirhead
425:
420:
416:
415:atomic nuclei
412:
406:
404:
400:
396:
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391:Royal Society
388:
384:
374:
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364:C.T.R. Wilson
361:
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330:Personal life
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172:Isobel Artner
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95:9 August 1969
94:
90:
86:
81:
77:
73:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
4970:Sophia Wadia
4906:Lloyd Morain
4850:Erich Kahler
4552:C. F. Powell
4551:
4512:John Collins
4427:Lewis Silkin
4307:Gerhard Jahn
4247:Akira Kazami
4176:Shinzo Hamai
3897:Sierra Leone
3822:Philip Isely
3797:
3719:
3617:
3613:Bikini Atoll
3519:C. F. Powell
3518:
3504:KenzaburĹŤ ĹŚe
3479:Bernard Lown
3474:Amory Lovins
3333:South Africa
3079:
3003:C. F. Powell
3002:
2984:Ralph Bunche
2313:von Klitzing
2305:Van der Meer
1862:
1363:
1354:C. F. Powell
1290:
1263:. Retrieved
1254:
1226:. Retrieved
1222:
1213:
1201:. Retrieved
1196:
1187:
1175:. Retrieved
1170:
1161:
1151:14 September
1149:. Retrieved
1145:
1142:"Award list"
1136:
1126:14 September
1124:. Retrieved
1117:the original
1112:
1100:
1090:14 September
1088:. Retrieved
1084:
1060:. Retrieved
1055:
1046:
1036:14 September
1034:. Retrieved
1030:
1021:
1011:14 September
1009:. Retrieved
1005:the original
1000:
991:
958:
954:
948:
938:14 September
936:. Retrieved
931:
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913:
907:
897:14 September
895:. Retrieved
891:the original
886:
877:
850:
846:
836:
826:14 September
824:. Retrieved
820:
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799:. Retrieved
795:
774:
764:14 September
762:. Retrieved
756:
708:
704:
694:
680:
661:
655:
564:heart attack
549:
510:
490:
475:
470:
463:CĂ©sar Lattes
459:CĂ©sar Lattes
451:Hughes Medal
448:
432:CĂ©sar Lattes
407:
380:
372:
333:
297:
296:
283:Peter Fowler
227:Institutions
210:
187:Hughes Medal
97:(1969-08-09)
36:C. F. Powell
29:
5121:1969 deaths
5116:1903 births
4986:Stuart Hall
4941:(economist)
4938:ĹŚuchi HyĹŤei
4933:(architect)
4866:Gerard Piel
4735:René Dumont
4497:Abbé Pierre
4439:N. G. Ranga
4379:John Foster
4190:Politicians
4127:Hiroo ĹŚhara
3944:Edgar Faure
3787:signatories
3715:Smiling Sun
3539:Jens Scheer
3469:David Lange
3459:Kate Hudson
3439:Paul Gunter
3429:John Gofman
3353:Switzerland
3338:South Korea
3318:Philippines
3313:New Zealand
2918:Nobel Prize
2357:Steinberger
2273:K. Siegbahn
2265:Bloembergen
1986:Chamberlain
1719:Schrödinger
1629:M. Siegbahn
1558:W. H. Bragg
1554:W. L. Bragg
1297:. Bologna:
1085:pugwash.org
1062:18 December
664:: 541–563.
493:Royal Medal
399:West Indies
352:Judd School
348:scholarship
197:Royal Medal
127:Citizenship
119:Nationality
5110:Categories
5017:(pacifist)
5006:Tano JĹŤdai
5001:executive)
4965:(feminist)
4909:(humanist)
4861:(humanist)
4845:(educator)
4821:(inventor)
4720:Jean Orcel
4692:Scientists
4626:Literature
4152:E.C. Quaye
3929:Presidents
3858:Costa Rica
3817:Thane Read
3700:Peace camp
3514:Mike Pentz
3308:Kazakhstan
3266:By country
3183:Greenpeace
3156:and groups
2952:Literature
2941:Kurt Alder
2935:Otto Diels
2874:L'Huillier
2838:Hasselmann
2794:Strickland
2762:Kosterlitz
2686:Perlmutter
2425:Brockhouse
2130:Schrieffer
2002:Hofstadter
1954:C. N. Yang
1711:Heisenberg
1688:De Broglie
1317:2006933051
801:8 December
630:References
552:Valsassina
395:Montserrat
64:1903-12-05
4925:(teacher)
4898:Kay Boyle
4890:Kaoru ĹŚta
4877:(scholar)
4853:(scholar)
4837:(teacher)
4586:Otto Hahn
4571:Chemistry
4100:Governors
3842:Countries
3524:Adi Roche
3444:Otto Hahn
3434:Jim Green
3273:Australia
3154:Protests
2943:(Germany)
2937:(Germany)
2927:Chemistry
2920:laureates
2858:Zeilinger
2678:Novoselov
2646:Kobayashi
2570:Abrikosov
2417:J. Taylor
2397:de Gennes
2389:R. Taylor
2281:K. Wilson
2229:R. Wilson
2213:Van Vleck
2184:1976–2000
2174:Rainwater
2170:Mottelson
2146:Josephson
2094:Gell-Mann
2058:Schwinger
2046:Prokhorov
2006:Mössbauer
1966:Cherenkov
1958:T. D. Lee
1882:Cockcroft
1873:1951–1975
1672:C. Wilson
1651:1926–1950
1597:Guillaume
1486:Michelson
1446:Becquerel
1417:1901–1925
1406:Laureates
1325:875693069
1265:14 August
572:Lake Como
336:Tonbridge
309:physicist
278:MGK Menon
72:Tonbridge
5095:Category
5076:Source:
4957:(artist)
4901:(writer)
4794:Veterans
4668:Multiple
4562:Max Born
4221:National
3910:Tanzania
3871:Pakistan
3740:Category
3721:The Bomb
3599:Related
2866:Agostini
2754:Thouless
2746:McDonald
2734:Nakamura
2702:Wineland
2634:GrĂĽnberg
2590:Politzer
2574:Ginzburg
2562:Giacconi
2542:Ketterle
2497:'t Hooft
2481:Laughlin
2473:Phillips
2453:Osheroff
2381:Friedman
2353:Schwartz
2349:Lederman
2269:Schawlow
2245:Weinberg
2054:Tomonaga
1946:Brattain
1938:Shockley
1847:Blackett
1839:Appleton
1831:Bridgman
1778:Lawrence
1758:Davisson
1738:Chadwick
1621:Millikan
1605:Einstein
1494:Lippmann
1462:Rayleigh
1454:M. Curie
1450:P. Curie
1299:Springer
1259:Archived
618:See also
611:Lombardy
344:gunsmith
338:, Kent,
316:laureate
5026:Related
4581:(twice)
4540:Physics
3884:Senegal
3293:Germany
3278:Austria
2995:Physics
2854:Clauser
2818:Penrose
2802:Peebles
2758:Haldane
2726:Akasaki
2714:Englert
2706:Haroche
2690:Schmidt
2650:Maskawa
2602:Glauber
2594:Wilczek
2578:Leggett
2558:Koshiba
2538:Cornell
2529:present
2513:Kroemer
2509:Alferov
2501:Veltman
2485:Störmer
2405:Charpak
2385:Kendall
2369:Dehmelt
2337:Bednorz
2237:Glashow
2225:Penzias
2221:Kapitsa
2193:Richter
2166:A. Bohr
2142:Giaever
2122:Bardeen
2086:Alvarez
2070:Kastler
2062:Feynman
1942:Bardeen
1906:Zernike
1898:Purcell
1668:Compton
1613:N. Bohr
1502:Marconi
1434:Lorentz
1426:Röntgen
1408:of the
1228:15 July
983:4152828
963:Bibcode
855:Bibcode
713:Bibcode
576:Casargo
568:Premana
540:Casargo
403:Grenada
397:in the
350:to the
340:England
306:British
221:Physics
131:British
122:English
104:Casargo
80:England
4137:Mayors
3907:
3894:
3881:
3868:
3855:
3601:topics
3382:People
3363:Turkey
3358:Taiwan
3348:Sweden
3328:Russia
3323:Poland
3288:France
3283:Canada
2870:Krausz
2864:2023:
2850:Aspect
2848:2022:
2842:Manabe
2834:Parisi
2832:2021:
2822:Genzel
2816:2020:
2810:Queloz
2800:2019:
2790:Mourou
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2784:2018:
2778:Thorne
2774:Barish
2768:2017:
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2742:Kajita
2740:2015:
2724:2014:
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2600:2005:
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2447:1996:
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2363:1989:
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2335:1987:
2329:Rohrer
2325:Binnig
2319:1986:
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2293:Fowler
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2036:1964:
2030:Jensen
2022:Wigner
2020:1963:
2014:Landau
2012:1962:
2000:1961:
1994:Glaser
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1315:
1305:
1203:3 July
1177:1 July
1146:ras.ru
981:
955:Nature
582:Legacy
471:Nature
311:, and
217:Fields
204:(1967)
199:(1961)
194:(1949)
189:(1949)
184:(1950)
177:Awards
169:Spouse
5047:Other
4647:Peace
3563:Media
3343:Spain
3303:Japan
3298:India
3080:1950
2976:Peace
2916:1950
2806:Mayor
2770:Weiss
2730:Amano
2718:Higgs
2694:Riess
2666:Smith
2662:Boyle
2642:Nambu
2622:Smoot
2586:Gross
2554:Davis
2527:2001–
2517:Kilby
2429:Shull
2413:Hulse
2321:Ruska
2257:Fitch
2241:Salam
2138:Esaki
2114:Gabor
2078:Bethe
2042:Basov
1982:Segrè
1970:Frank
1930:Kusch
1918:Bothe
1894:Bloch
1823:Pauli
1807:Stern
1770:Fermi
1723:Dirac
1696:Raman
1641:Hertz
1589:Stark
1530:Dalén
1506:Braun
1120:(PDF)
1109:(PDF)
979:S2CID
609:, in
607:Lecco
544:Italy
527:Death
440:meson
112:Italy
4999:YWCA
3785:call
3105:1955
3100:1954
3095:1953
3090:1952
3085:1951
3075:1949
3070:1948
3065:1947
3060:1946
3055:1945
2956:1950
2826:Ghez
2674:Geim
2630:Fert
2606:Hall
2489:Tsui
2437:Perl
2373:Paul
2209:Mott
2197:Ting
2154:Ryle
2106:NĂ©el
1974:Tamm
1926:Lamb
1914:Born
1815:Rabi
1799:1942
1792:1941
1785:1940
1746:Hess
1730:1934
1703:1931
1565:1916
1546:Laue
1522:Wien
1321:OCLC
1313:LCCN
1303:ISBN
1267:2021
1230:2023
1205:2023
1179:2023
1153:2009
1128:2009
1092:2009
1064:2019
1038:2009
1013:2009
940:2009
899:2009
828:2009
803:2020
766:2009
560:Alps
497:CERN
438:(pi-
436:pion
366:and
320:pion
160:pion
92:Died
76:Kent
54:Born
2658:Kao
2465:Chu
971:doi
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863:doi
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721:doi
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302:FRS
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