20:
66:
The first observation the bi-layer cell membrane was made in 1959 on a section of a cell using the electron microscope. But the first micrograph of the internal side of a cell dates back to 1977 by M.V. Nermut. Professor
333:
Nermut, M. V.; Williams, Lynn D. (1977). "Freeze-fracturing of monolayers (capillary layers) of cells, membranes and viruses: some technical considerations".
169:
Nermut, M. V.; Williams, Lynn D. (1977). "Freeze-fracturing of monolayers (capillary layers) of cells, membranes and viruses: some technical considerations".
23:
The most common processes of cell unroofing. (left) Sandwich of two cells between two coverslips. (right) Lateral flux of medium allows to break the cells.
222:"Use of the unroofing technique for atomic force microscopic imaging of the intra-cellular cytoskeleton under aqueous conditions"
272:
Galvanetto, Nicola (2018-12-01). "Single-cell unroofing: probing topology and nanomechanics of native membranes".
435:"An Unroofing Method to Observe the Cytoskeleton Directly at Molecular Resolution Using Atomic Force Microscopy"
500:
220:
Cho, Sang-Joon; Ahn, Jeonghun; Youn, Daehwan; Minakata, Shiho; Yoshimura, Azumi; Usukura, Jiro (2012-10-01).
71:
made substantial contributions in the field, imaging the detailed internal structure of the membrane and the
95:
42:
performed with multiple steps of centrifugation (which goal is to separate the membrane fraction from a
115:
79:
55:
495:
8:
102:
467:
434:
433:
Usukura, Jiro; Ito, Shuichi; Yagi, Akira; Narita, Akihiro; Usukura, Eiji (2016-06-07).
366:
346:
315:
281:
202:
182:
402:
385:
154:
Robertson, J.D. (1959). "The ultrastructure of cell membranes and their derivatives".
472:
454:
415:
407:
358:
350:
307:
299:
251:
243:
194:
186:
319:
462:
446:
397:
370:
342:
291:
233:
206:
178:
50:
the aim is to tear and preserve patches of the plasma membrane in order to perform
295:
35:
489:
458:
411:
354:
303:
247:
190:
31:
238:
221:
476:
419:
311:
255:
130:
106:
72:
362:
198:
68:
19:
111:
82:
operated in liquid that it was possible to image the cell membranes in
450:
386:"The Production of 'Cell Cortices' for Light and Electron Microscopy"
286:
86:-physiological conditions and to test its mechanical properties.
135:
43:
75:
bound to it with extensive use of the electron microscope.
432:
30:
is any of various methods to isolate and expose the
274:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
219:
487:
332:
168:
38:. Differently from the more common membrane
16:Methods to isolate and expose cell membranes
271:
466:
401:
285:
237:
153:
78:It was only after the development of the
18:
488:
383:
267:
265:
13:
347:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1977.tb00023.x
183:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1977.tb00023.x
54:experiments using (microscopy and
14:
512:
403:10.1034/j.1600-0854.2000.010704.x
262:
426:
377:
326:
226:Journal of Electron Microscopy
213:
162:
147:
1:
141:
296:10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.09.019
7:
124:
10:
517:
89:
61:
116:atomic force microscopy
101:Quick-freeze deep-etch
80:atomic force microscope
56:biomedical spectroscopy
24:
501:Scientific techniques
384:Heuser, John (2000).
335:Journal of Microscopy
239:10.1093/jmicro/dfs055
171:Journal of Microscopy
120:Single-cell unroofing
22:
40:extraction protocols
103:electron microscopy
439:Scientific Reports
156:Biochem. Soc. Symp
25:
451:10.1038/srep27472
280:(12): 2532–2538.
96:Freeze-fracturing
508:
481:
480:
470:
430:
424:
423:
405:
381:
375:
374:
330:
324:
323:
289:
269:
260:
259:
241:
217:
211:
210:
166:
160:
159:
151:
516:
515:
511:
510:
509:
507:
506:
505:
486:
485:
484:
431:
427:
382:
378:
331:
327:
270:
263:
218:
214:
167:
163:
152:
148:
144:
127:
92:
64:
17:
12:
11:
5:
514:
504:
503:
498:
483:
482:
425:
396:(7): 545–552.
376:
341:(2): 121–132.
325:
261:
232:(5): 321–326.
212:
177:(2): 121–132.
161:
145:
143:
140:
139:
138:
133:
126:
123:
122:
121:
118:
109:
99:
91:
88:
63:
60:
48:cell unroofing
28:Cell unroofing
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
513:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
491:
478:
474:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
429:
421:
417:
413:
409:
404:
399:
395:
391:
387:
380:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
329:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
283:
279:
275:
268:
266:
257:
253:
249:
245:
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
216:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
165:
157:
150:
146:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
119:
117:
113:
110:
108:
104:
100:
98:of monolayers
97:
94:
93:
87:
85:
81:
76:
74:
70:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
32:cell membrane
29:
21:
496:Cell biology
442:
438:
428:
393:
389:
379:
338:
334:
328:
277:
273:
229:
225:
215:
174:
170:
164:
155:
149:
131:Sonoporation
107:cryofixation
83:
77:
73:cytoskeleton
65:
51:
47:
39:
27:
26:
69:John Heuser
44:cell lysate
490:Categories
287:1810.01643
142:References
112:Sonication
459:2045-2322
445:: 27472.
412:1600-0854
355:1365-2818
304:0005-2736
248:0022-0744
191:1365-2818
477:27273367
420:11208142
320:52897823
312:30273580
256:22872282
125:See also
468:4895337
390:Traffic
371:8682569
207:8682569
90:Methods
62:History
52:in situ
475:
465:
457:
418:
410:
369:
363:335072
361:
353:
318:
310:
302:
254:
246:
205:
199:335072
197:
189:
84:almost
46:), in
367:S2CID
316:S2CID
282:arXiv
203:S2CID
136:Lysis
36:cells
473:PMID
455:ISSN
416:PMID
408:ISSN
359:PMID
351:ISSN
308:PMID
300:ISSN
278:1860
252:PMID
244:ISSN
195:PMID
187:ISSN
114:for
105:and
463:PMC
447:doi
398:doi
343:doi
339:110
292:doi
234:doi
179:doi
175:110
58:).
34:of
492::
471:.
461:.
453:.
441:.
437:.
414:.
406:.
392:.
388:.
365:.
357:.
349:.
337:.
314:.
306:.
298:.
290:.
276:.
264:^
250:.
242:.
230:61
228:.
224:.
201:.
193:.
185:.
173:.
479:.
449::
443:6
422:.
400::
394:1
373:.
345::
322:.
294::
284::
258:.
236::
209:.
181::
158:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
